saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis moambe, 175, #2, 2007 BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 175, #2, 2007

Power Engineering

Water Power Resources of the Rivers in

Murman Keburia*, Otar Shautidze*, Anzor Chichinadze*

* A. Tsereteli Kutaisi State University

(Presented by Academy Member R.Adamia)

ABSTRACT. The research data of water-power resources of the rivers in Abkhazia are considered. Specific energy per unit of the catchment basin area is determined. The equation for calculation of the theoretical power is obtained. This allows the power for any required sector of the river in Abkhazia to be determined with precision up to 35%. Calculation of the power by the mentioned equation may be used in prospective work to the first approxima- tion. © 2007 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.

Key words: hydrographic network, hydraulic power engineering, hydrologic characteristics, power.

The and the southern slopes of the Great jority of these rivers flowing across the territory have Caucasus Range bordering Abkhazia promote abundant their source in the southern hills of the Main Caucasus rainfall throughout the territory, thus augmenting the Range , which accounts for the large volume and heavy hydrographic potential of the rivers (see Fig.1). The ma- water fall causing high-energy capacity waters.

The Caucasus

r.

Bzipi ridge Chkhalta ridge Figures over the points

r.Bzipi 5 denote sequential numbers of rivers in Akhali Atoni Table 1: Gudauta 7 3- , 8 5 – Belaya, Sokhumi Kodori ridge 7 – Gumista,

3 13 8 – , Tkvarcheli 13- ,

15 15- Galidzga. Jvari Ochamchire

Zugdidi r.Inguri Anaklia

Fig. 1. Schematic map of rivers catchment basin on the territory of Abkhazia.

© 2007 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci. Water Power Resources of the Rivers in Abkhazia 67

The above-mentioned fact provided the basis for de- tors without visible bending were chosen. The catch- veloping small-scale hydraulic power engineering on the ment area F, water surface fall ΔH, average annual con- mentioned territory since the end of the 19th and the be- sumption of water Q were calculated for each chosen ginning of the 20th centuries (Gagra, Akhali Atoni, Sokhumi sector (Table 1). Often the main hydrological characteris- water-power stations) [1]. tics F, q, L were unknown and so we had to use the For complex and purposeful use of rivers in the men- diagrams of growth of river basins to determine the catch- tioned region we have set the problem of studying the ment areas, and to determine the water consumption we potential water power resources of the rivers. With this used the rate of consumption aim we chose 17 rivers. We used schematic longitudinal 3 profiles of the rivers, diagrams of catchment area growth, Q m K = , , the main hydrological characteristics [2]. F sec ⋅ km 2 Our purpose was to determine the power per unit of where Q is the average annual consumption of water, m3/ a catchment basin area for separate characteristic sec- 2 tors of rivers and to establish the correlation between sec, F – catchment area, km . The values of the coeffi- cient K were calculated and chosen from [2]. ⎛ N ⎞ Theoretical power was calculated by the formula the water power per unit area of the river basin ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ F ⎠ Nth = 9.81 Q ΔH, kW, ⎛ N ⎞ where ΔH is the water surface fall in the given sector. and fall of the water surface ()ΔH , ⎜ ⎟ = f ()ΔH . ⎝ F ⎠ The calculated theoretical power of sectors of 17 riv- ers is: sector I – 1,295,741 kW; sector II – 3,820,684 kW; Longitudinal profiles of the separate rivers under sector III – 6,172,561 kW. The total power for all the study were divided into sectors. Relatively straight sec- rivers is 11,288,986 kW.

ΔH, m

Nth=F(0.57ΔH–1)

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

2 200 400 400 800 1000 1200 1400 N/F kW/km Fig. 2. Dependence of the power per unit catchment area (N/F) on water surface fall (DH). The data are taken from research results of potential water power resources of 17 rivers on the Abkhazian territory. Figures over the points denote sequential numbers of the rivers in Table 1; indices II and III denote characteristic sectors of the rivers.

Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci. vol. 175, no 2, 2007 68 Murman Keburia, Otar Shautidze, Anzor Chichinadze 2

3 /F 3 N kW/km

3 N kW 2

3 F km

3 /sec /sec Q 3 m

3 H m Δ

3 m H 2 2 /F 2 N kW/km

2 fall in the mentioned sectors; N kW surface 2

2 F km - water

3 2 /sec H Q 3 4.8 1,256 91,068 1,230 204,321 72.5 166.1 0 9.76 2,134 Δ m , 2 H

2 Δ 60 3.6 49.2 79,814 1,622 0 2,560 18.1 336 454,556 1,356 1,356 454,556 1,622 336 18.1 79,814 0 2,560 60 3.6 49.2 39 9.1 145 182,023 1,255 0 2,517 19.2 421 474,082 1,126 1,126 474,082 1,255 421 19.2 0 2,517 182,023 39 9.1 145 , H 45.3 1,269 202,032 11.8 159.2 200 2,100 28.1 398 578,888 1,454 m 1 Δ H Δ - catchment areas of corresponding sectors; 3

2 , F 2 m H Characteristic sectors the of river length , F 1 2 1 /F 1 - water power density in corresponding sectors. 3 N kW/km /F 3 , N

2 1 N /F kW 2 , N 1 2

/F 1 1 F km Sector I Sector II Sector III

1 /sec Q 3 m Research data on the potential water-power resources of 17 rivers on the territory of Abkhazia resources of 17 rivers on the territory Research data on the potential water-power

1 - the height of sectors I, II and III respectively, - the height of sectors I, II and III respectively, 3 H m Δ , H 2 Table 1 Table

, H 1 1 m H m H, - water power for corresponding sectors; N - average annual consumption of water in corresponding sectors; F 3 3 Rivers Rivers , N , Q 2 2 , Q , N 1 1

H - the height of river head, N Q 1 Psou 2,517 1,400 1,117 0.81 11.3 8,875 785 478 2,0 785 478 8,875 1 11.3 0.81 2,167,174 Psou 1,117 2,5172 1,435 1,510 1,400 95.8 1,455 Bzipi 2,306 0 3 670,961 2,306746 5.2 461 36.4 1,560 Kodori 1,879 61 624 38,055 427 4 236 298,440 326 502,532 740 369 185 371 555 1,0701,538 82 1,261.5 0 863,868 92.4 425 Gumista 740 5 2,030 Gega 119 508 160,696 99,353 233 459 16.6 216.4 837 12.1 968.8 316 83.2 West Belaya - 2,4006 2,180 2,134 1.96 1,711 6.41 19,881 1,034 24.6 689.2 Gumista - 812 1,100 1,280 2.0 200 1,934 900 89 7 East 1,208 107,578 27.8 25,113 - 164 903 1,144 2,236 609,797 1,518 27.8 422.2 334,089 1,452 83 220 13.2 8 - - 2,097 0 2,580 252,745 Kelasuri 1.2 14 2,580 12,737 1,252 832 1,082 174 11.3 15.3 288,002 2,280 300 230 - 9 1,500 - - Sakeni - - 2,620 - - 20.6 696 1,924 - 1,668 233 388,813 ------№ 11 2,300 981.5 1,318 9.8 109 126,710 1,077 554.7 1,7 1,077 126,710 10 389,764 40.7 9.8 109 Chkhalta 465 838 179 18.6 1,470976.2 204 32,661 1,318 1,290.8 160 521 183,505 787.3 493.8 2,300 11 Amtkeli 308.3 981.5 27.4 682.7 573 276,877 2,2 483 12 1,003 Dgamishi 599 29.4 990 300 7,129 7.2 0.65 0 960 200,791 300 703 1.1 1,118 7,586 335 21.5 13 353 23.8 Mokvi 860 2,560400 100 42,506 354 56,837 0 1,442.5 120 4.32 1,003 142 11.8 14 - 491 317 Duabi 93,999 - 469.4 296 1,380 12.0 425 11,183 600 1.9 - 200 798.5 Galidzga 800 15 960 26.3 1.5 736 - 83,957 1.49 980 - 400 26 Eristskali 551 14,324 114 6.43 - 1,331 49 16 - - - West Okumi 1,650 - - - 17 3.3 881 428,942 40,466 176,256 767 977 1,250 41.4 559 26.5 400 200 11.3 60 0 1,650 1,590 ------

Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci. vol. 175, no 2, 2007

70 Murman Keburia, Otar Shautidze, Anzor Chichinadze energetika afxazeTis mdinareebis hidroenergetikuli resursebis kvleva m. qeburia*, o. SauTiZe*, a. WiWinaZe*

* a. wereTlis quTaisis saxelmwifo universiteti

(warmodgenilia akademiis wevris r. adamias mier)

statiaSi ganxilulia afxazeTis 17 mdinaris hidroenergetikuli resursebis kvlevis Sedegebi. mdinareebis grZivi profilebi dayofil iqna maxasiaTebel monakveTebad da Camketi kveTebisaTvis gaangariSebul iqna mdinaris Teoriuli simZlavre. gamoTvlilia wyalSemkrebi auzis erTeul farTobze xvedriTi energia, ris safuZvelzec miRebul iqna gantoleba NT=F(0.57ΔH-1) simZlavris gansasazRvravad. es saSualebas iZleva nebismieri mdinaris saintereso kveTisaTvis ganisazRvros simZlavre 35%-mde sizustiT. aRniSnuli gantolebiT gamoTvlili simZlavre SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes pirveli miaxloebiTi saproeqto samuSaoebisaTvis.

REFERENCES

1. Gr. Chogovadze, N. Chikhladze, G. Kiasashvili. (1998), Sakartvelos elektroenergiis istoria. Tbilisi. 2. Resursy poverkhnostnykh vod SSSR. (1974 ), Zakavkaz’e i Dagestan. Zapadnoe Zakavkaz’e. Edit. V.Tsomaya. L. (Rus- sian).

Received December, 2006

Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci. vol. 175, no 2, 2007