International Conference on Advanced Information and Communication Technology for Education (ICAICTE 2014)

Research on the Urbanization Quality of Xiangyang City LI Jie1，ZHU Yan-Yang2 and SUN Xiao-Zhou3 1, 2, 3School of Management, University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - As a sub-central city in Hubei province, research data is quite different for the difference in research currently the urbanization of Xiangyang is in the accelerated region, so evaluation indices and calculation methods used development stage, and the improvement of urbanization in study are different from each other. Currently, there is no development quality (UDQ) is critical in this process. Using the evaluation model for urbanization development quality analytic hierarchy process, this work constructed an recognized by the academy. This study selected 18 evaluation system of comprehensive urbanization development measure, proposing 18 detailed indexes and discrimination second-level indicators in five aspects of economy, standards to measure the comprehensive urbanization environment, society, life and population to construct the appraisal index of Xiangyang since 2000. After building comprehensive evaluation system for urbanization indexes in economic structure, environmental development, development quality of Xiangyang City. With this system, social development, quality of life and population quality, we we calculated comprehensive quality indices of analyzed urbanization quality of each subsystem, proposing urbanization development quality of Xiangyang City since the countermeasures of promoting Xiangyang city’s UDQ. 2000. Meanwhile, economic structural index, Keywords-urbanization development quality; index system; environmental development index, social development Xiangyang index, life quality index and population quality index were 1. INTRODUCTION constructed for analysis of urbanization development quality of Xiangyang City. This analysis will give scientific With the rapid development of economy and evidence and decision support to coordinate and promote increasingly strong urbanization in China, the urbanization healthy urbanization development of Xiangyang City. level has become one of the important indices for 2.1 Evaluation index system and weights of urbanization measuring regional development degree at present, development quality reflecting the regional economic development level to great With the availability, scientificity and hierarchy of extent. Therefore, the study on urbanization level has urbanization data for Xiangyang City, Table 1 shows 5 first significance in regional development. In multiple areas, level indicators of criterion layer, including economic acceleration of urbanization development is treated as the development quality index, social development quality important measure and strategy for local economic index, environmental development quality index, life development. However, a lot of urban problems, including quality index and population development quality index, as traffic jam, air pollution and water damage, occur with well as 18 secondary level indicators in criterion layer rapid increase of urbanization level. Therefore, the determined according to the general goal of urbanization improvement of urbanization development with rapid development quality score. All the index weights can be development becomes the focus of government and determined with analytic hierarchy process supported by scholars. entropy technology (Li Zhiming, 2007) and approved by Previous research results show that experts and 0.01 consistency check. scholars pay great attention to the quality research of Table 1 shows the weights of indicators in every level Chinese urbanization development. However, the against the upper goal to determine the influence degree of evaluation for cities in Hubei Province is quite few at indicator to the general goal. The calculation of evaluation present, with no study on evaluation for urbanization index weight shows that the economic index plays an development of Xiangyang City. As the sub-central city in extremely important role in urbanization development Hubei province and the most important city in Hanjiang quality, while the GDP per capita is the most important. ecology economic belt, Xiangyang plays a role in healthy The quality of regional urbanization development is closely and sustainable development of Hanjiang economic belt, related to regional economic development level. Moreover, and even in the whole Hubei Province with its development the living quality of residents also determines the quality. urbanization development degree to great extent, so the 2. EVALUATION FOR URBANIZATION QUALITY OF living quality should be improved to increase the urban XIANGYANG CITY comprehensive strength in present stage.

Evaluation model for study on urbanization development quality mainly adopts factor analysis, weighting method, entropy evaluation method, standard value method, etc. However, the complexity to obtain

© 2014. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 157 Table 1 Evaluation index system, weight and discrimination standard value for urbanization quality of Xiangyang City Discrimi The first nation The second level index Unit Weight level index standard value GDP per capita Hundred million 0.1050 ≥45000 Ratio of tertiary industry % 0.0751 ≥50 Economic Ratio of added value of high and new technology % 0.0804 ≥25 developme industry occupying in added value of industry 0.279 nt quality Ten thousand Yuan GDP energy consumption Tons standard 0.0185 ≤0.6 coal/ten thousand Yuan Green coverage ratio in built-up area % 0.0536 ≥40 Environme Treatment rate of waste water % 0.0134 100 ntal Harmless treatment rate of rubbish % 0.0128 0.134 100 developme nt quality Comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid % 0.0503 ≥80 wastes Water popularizing rate % 0.0372 ≥100 Social Road surface per capita Square meter 0.0208 ≥15 developme Doctor number per thousand people Person 0.0662 0.223 ≥4.8 nt quality Teacher number for basic education per hundred Person 0.0662 ≥2.5 people Urban per capita disposable income Yuan 0.132 ＜0.2 Life Living spaceper capita Square meter 0.0954 0.252 30000 quality Urban green area Hectare 0.0246 40 Ration of urban population % 0.0613 ≥15 Population Children enrollment rate % 0.0203 0.112 ≥80 quality Unemployment rate % 0.0304 100 Note: The judgment standard should be determined with relevant research results of scholars and authority departments 2.2 Data sources and standardization 2.3 Calculation for urbanization development quality of The study period selected in this work is 2000-2012, Xiangyang City and the comparison with population and all the index data are from Hubei statistical yearbook, urbanization Xiangyang statistical yearbook, city yearbook of China, city The study on urbanization development quality index construction yearbook of China, health yearbook of China uses Sij to represent the score of the jth secondary-level and environmental statistics yearbook of China. All the index for the ith evaluation factor, where i is the order of indices obtained from original data are different from each first-level index (i=1，2，3，……5), and j the order of other in aspects, including content, dimension and value second-level index. Therefore, Sij=Wij*Xij (Wij is the weight advantages and disadvantages, so it is necessary to turn all of each index, and Xij is the modification value) can be got. the indices into relatively unified dimension. The data The summation will be made for the second-level index standardization aims at eliminating all the difference of with SSi   ij , where Si is the score of the ith first-level variable value in magnitude order to improve the j comparability between data. The mathematical formula evaluation index. The score for urbanization development adopted for standardization of original data with matlab quality can be obtained with 5 (g＝1，2，……19) (see Tg  software is as follows: S i i1 Z ()/ xi  x SD (1) in Table 2). where Z is the standardized value of original data, original observed value, average data and standard deviation. The average value of new variables after standardization is 0 and the standard deviation is 1. Variable value less than 0 shows the value is lower than average level and vice versa. In order to be subject to the observation habit, we will modify the standard value to make modification value of every index non-negative. The mathematical formula adopted in modification is as follows:

P=[(Z-xmin)/(xmax-xmin)]×100 (2) where P is modification value;Zstandardized value;xmin the minimum after standardization; and xmax the maximum after standardization. Therefore, the modification value is between 0 and 100.

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Table 2 Modification value and comprehensive index of the first-level indicators for urbanization quality in Xiangyang City for many years Economic Environmental Social Life Population Urbanization development development development quality quality quality index quality quality quality 2000 8.00 0.5148 15.055 1.212 2.48 30.42 2001 9.45 1.873 16.65 1.641 1.84 30.07 2002 10.71 2.611 15.50 0.186 0.499 33.02 2003 11.17 4.41 18.34 1.202 4.88 48.08 2004 11.93 4.436 17.43 4.231 5.48 44.06 2005 12.33 4.73 17.22 2.622 6.47 42.18 2006 14.57 4.90 18.07 2.799 6.62 42.89 2007 14.29 6.439 17.29 3.653 7.33 68.30 2008 7.49 7.651 9.369 7.551 7.95 53.09 2009 16.04 7.578 13.58 5.877 8.68 56.00 2010 19.87 6.997 14.18 4.345 9.18 47.622 2011 24.14 6.731 13.10 4.613 9.85 43.88 2012 27.90 7.655 12.42 6.267 10.39 43.33 This work took advantage of United Nations laws PU(2) /[1 PU (2)] (Zhou Yixing, 2003) to calculate the urbanization URGD  ln/ n (3) development level of Xiangyang City according to the PU(1) /[1 PU (1)] th th urban population ratio published in the 5 and 6 where URGD is the growth rate of population; PU(1) the nationwide census. The urbanization rate of Xiangyang City urban population proportion in the previous census; PU(2) in 2000~2012 is modified as follows: the urban population proportion in the next census; and n the year between two censuses. Table 3 shows the calculation results. Table 3 Modified urbanization level of Xiangyang City 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 26.7 29.8 31.9 34.2 36.5 38.9 41.4 44 46.7 49.3 50.3 51.2 53 According to the table for calculation analysis on < 60 Low urbanization quality calculation of Xiangyang City, the 2.4 Analysis on urbanization quality sub-system of urbanization development quality of Xiangyang City shows Xiangyang City no steady growth like urbanization level. During 2000-2012, In order to find the key factors affecting urbanization the growth fluctuation of urbanization development quality development quality of Xiangyang City, economic of Xiangyang City is larger. The period can be divided into structural index, environmental protection index, social two major stages, growth period with fluctuation from security index, life quality index and population quality 2000-2007 and period with decreased growth but better index will be adopted in study on development situation of development quality from 2007-2012. Urbanization quality urbanization quality sub-systems of Xiangyang City. index in 2007 is the highest, and then it decreases year by Economic structure includes analysis indices year, which is caused by the decrease of economic and representing the massive structure of industrial economy social development quality. Although GDP of Xiangyang and the structural update of industrial industry. Its City increases rapidly for years, the proportion of tertiary calculation formula is as follows: industry in GDP does not increase but decreases, while the 21 p output value of high and new technology industry increases ESI t ii (4) sharply with decreased proportion in total industrial output 33  value. According to the synthesis score of urbanization ss12 quality index and the standard for level division of where tiis the ratio of tertiary industry in GDP; pi the urbanization development quality (see in Table 4) put ratio of added value for high and new technology industry forward by Kong Fanwen (2006), the urbanization in industrial added value; and s1ands2are corresponding development quality of Xiangyang City has been greatly standard values. improved, but the overall quality is still low. Therefore, Social development quality, which is reflected by urbanization quality should be promoted greatly in the social security index, can be expressed as follows: future.        Table 4 Standard for level division of urbanization development quality 2 1 wi h i i 1 d i IDI      r    Comprehensive index of Urbanization quality 3 3      3  urbanization quality s1   s 2   s 3  s 4  ≥ 90 High (5) ～ Relatively high 80 90 where w is the water popularizing rate; h the road area per 70～80 General i i capita; r the doctor number per thousand people; d the 60～70 Relatively low i i

159 teacher number for basic education per hundred people; and where fi is urban per capita disposable income; ki the living s1,s2,s3and s4are corresponding standard values. area per capita; ei the urban green area; and s1,s2 ands3 are Environmental development quality can be calculated corresponding standard values. with following calculation formula by environmental index: The calculation formula of population quality index is as follows:       2 1 ai b i c i 1 g i EESI         21 3 3      3 PSI li  m i   ni (8) s1   s 2   s 3  s 4 33 s1 s 2  s3 (6) where l is the ratio of urban population; m the children where a is the treatment rate of waste water; b the harmless i i i i enrollment rate; n the unemployment rate; and s ,s ands treatment rate of rubbish; c the comprehensive utilization i 1 2 3 i are corresponding standard values. rate of industrial solid waste; g the green coverage ratio in i Table 1 shows the discrimination standard values of established area; and s ,s ,s and s are corresponding 1 2 3 4 each index for above urbanization development quality standard values. sub-system. Calculation formula of life quality index is as follows: According to the criteria of urbanization quality 21f  development and calculation results of index formula for HSI i ke i  i (7) sub-system, index values of sub-systems are calculated (see 33 s1 s 2  s3 in Table 5), and evolution process map is drawn (see in Fig. 1)for urbanization quality of Xiangyang City from 2000 to 2012.

Table 5 2000-2012 decomposition analysis for urbanization development quality in classification of Xiangyang City Economic structural Social development Environment Population quality Year Life qualityindex index index al index index 2000 0.751 0.416 0.658 0.662 1.192 2001 0.754 0.430 0.735 0.674 1.168 2002 0.890 0.424 0.743 0.692 1.168 2003 0.920 0.442 0.848 0.735 1.306 2004 0.791 0.445 0.883 0.785 1.315 2005 0.829 0.443 0.854 0.840 1.343 2006 0.829 0.445 0.874 0.885 1.345 2007 1.298 0.439 0.963 0.916 1.371 2008 1.391 0.395 1.098 0.932 1.416 2009 1.033 0.422 1.105 1.029 1.449 2010 0.909 0.431 1.051 0.983 1.469 2011 0.877 0.424 1.037 1.104 1.478 2012 0.815 0.209 1.103 1.207 1.500

1.6 1.4 1.2 Economic structural index Social经济结构指数 development index 1.0 Environmental index 社会发展指数Life quality index 0.8 环境指数Population quality index 0.6 生活质量指数 人口质量指数 0.4 0.2 0.0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Fig. 1 2000-2012 evolution process for urbanization quality sub-system of Xiangyang City

160 According to the changes of specific indices, the resource and environmental security quality, to correctly economic structural index of Xiangyang City increased handle mutual relation among urbanization development from 0.754 to 1.391 in 2000-2008, and gradually decreased level, speed and quality. to 0.815 later. It is mainly because in recent years, the ratio 3.2 Accelerating technical update and reducing energy of output value for tertiary industry in Xiangyang City in consumption GDP, and added value of high and new technology industry Economic structural index of Xiangyang City with in industrial added value decreased. Moreover, the GDP large urban-rural gap tends to reduce after increasing. consumption per ten thousand Yuan in Xiangyang (1.03 Environmental security index is relatively high, but the tons standard coal/ten thousand Yuan in 2012) is higher, resource and energy consumption for economic social which is also an important “bottleneck” factor for low development is also high. The GDP energy consumption economic development quality. Compared with the per ten thousand in 2012 was 0.97 ton standard coal. The urbanization comprehensive development quality level, the relatively high cost of economic development is an cost of economic development is so large that the speed of important “bottleneck” factor causing low economic economic structural update lags. development quality. In addition, water transfer in Middle The social development index changes a little, but it Route Project of S-N Water Diversion greatly reduces the decreases in recent years. It is mainly because the doctor water resource, so the environmental situation is not number in Xiangyang has not increased for many years, and optimistic. In the future, more attention should be paid to the teacher number for basic education decreases, while the economic efficiency improvement based on the stabilization total population increases. of urbanization development level to promote the Environmental protection index is relatively high and transformation of industrial structure. In order to reduce the tends to increase. It increases from 0.658 in 2000 to 1.103 cost for economic development, water-saving and in 2012, which represents that the urbanization energy-saving industries are developed, and technical development of Xiangyang City has a better environmental transformation of industry with high water and energy basis. The good rate of air in Xiangyang City is up to 80% consumption is accelerated to reduce the proportion of for many years, and the green coverage ratio in established industries with high energy and water consumption. area is more than 40%. Treatment rate of sewage, harmless 3.3 Optimizing transformation and improving high and new treatment rate of domestic garbage and recycling ratio of technology industry development level solid wastes, increasing year by year, has been up or close In order to improve the urbanization development to 100%. quality of Xiangyang City, no effort should be spared in Living quality index quickly increases from 0.662 in driving the development of advanced manufacturing 2000 to 1.207 in 2012. It is mainly because the urban per industry and modern service industry. By optimizing the capita disposable income and living area per capita increase three times industrial structure and the internal structure of quickly. industry, the economic growth mode is transformed Population quality index increases in small rate, because the constantly for the positive encouragement of innovation unemployment rate in Xiangyang City is low, and the with the increasing ratio of added value for tertiary industry children enrollment rate is high, while the urban population in gross national product. High and new technology ratio increases year by year. industry becomes the strong power driving sustainable growth of economy to build Xiangyang City as a 3. MEASUREMENT FOR URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT characteristic advanced manufacturing base and modern QUALITY PROMOTION IN XIANGYANG CITY service industry cluster, driving economy in Xiangyang Based on above-mentioned research results, develop healthily and sustainably. urbanization development quality can be improved in 3.4 Taking multiple measures and promoting synchronous following aspects for Xiangyang City: development of city and country 3.1 Paying attention to coordination between urbanization At first, mechanism matched, with fair urban-rural speed and quality public finance and equal urban-rural public service, is Scientific analysis is conducted for urbanization established for enhancing the support from public finance to development level of Xiangyang City combining the field rural public project, realizing the equal support to both rural situation on basis of comprehensive consideration of and urban public infrastructures. urbanization development quality and level. Moreover, the Secondly, the mechanism for butt joint between appropriate population urbanization level will be rationally agricultural production circulation method and urban estimated based on regional urbanization development agricultural product consumption update is developed to quality. During urbanization, the development rules should improve the organization degree for agricultural production be followed without aimless pursuit of high urbanization circulation. The agricultural product production logistic rate to avoid drastic fluctuations. In addition, the system, effectively connecting modern agricultural development speed should be matched with economic production and management subject with modern development quality, social development quality and agricultural product circulation subject, is constructed with

161 efforts. In addition, supply mechanism providing high-quality and safe agricultural products to the city is also built. Thirdly, leisure agriculture and innovative agriculture are greatly developed to promote agricultural production value chain. Therefore, an effective mechanism for mutual promotion between urban and rural industries will be formed.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work is one of the achievements of Program for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Technological Innovation Plan of Hubei Provincial Universities and Colleges (T201314) and Special Program for Xiangyang Technology Plan and Soft Science (Study on Urbanization Development Quality Evaluation and Promotion Strategy of Xiangyang City).

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