DOCSLIB.ORG

Opportunistic Atrial Fibrillation Screening and Detection In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Opportunistic Atrial Fibrillation Screening and Detection In 9 Review Article Page 1 of 9 Opportunistic atrial fibrillation screening and detection in “self-service health check-up stations”: a brief overview of current technology potential and possibilities Maged N. Kamel Boulos1, Guy Haywood2 1School of Information Management, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, Guangzhou 510006, China; 2South West Cardiothoracic Centre and University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8DH, UK Contributions: (I) Conception and design: MN Kamel Boulos; (II) Administrative support: MN Kamel Boulos; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: All authors; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: All authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: MN Kamel Boulos; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Maged N. Kamel Boulos. School of Information Management, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, Guangzhou 510006, China. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]. Abstract: Up to a fifth of patients who suffer a stroke had undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). About 30% of AF patients are asymptomatic and remain undiagnosed, so there are no obvious (to the patient) forewarnings. Opportunistic screening for AF applied to the above clinical situation can save lives, since the strokes that occur as a result of AF are often large, severely debilitating or fatal. Today, anyone can buy a good, FDA-approved mobile electrocardiogram (ECG) device/smartwatch for AF detection on Amazon for €100–400, but not very many asymptomatic AF patients, particularly older patients, will do so on their own. In this article, we introduce the concept and potential benefits of opportunistic AF screening and detection in a community setting using the latest generation of affordable digital ECG capture and interpretation solutions integrated into easy-to-use “self-service health check-up stations” installed in public spaces, such as supermarkets and pharmacies. A comprehensive trial of the proposed self-service health check-up stations for AF screening is needed to produce more evidence to convince decision makers to fully buy into the idea of a nation-wide screening programme using these kiosks. Keywords: Atrial fibrillation (AF); opportunistic atrial fibrillation screening; electrocardiogram (ECG); self- service health check-up stations; digital health Received: 11 October 2019; Accepted: 30 April 2020; Published: 20 January 2021. doi: 10.21037/mhealth-19-204 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/mhealth-19-204 Background the level of increased risk using the CHA2DS2-VASc (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Atrial fibrillation (AF): a silent killer Diabetes mellitus, Stroke or transient ischaemic attack AF is the commonest pathological arrhythmia in the world (TIA), Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] and in population-based studies is found to be present in score and the institution of appropriate treatment to protect around 3% of the world’s population aged over 20 (1). from stroke and thromboembolism. When it is associated with risk factors such as age over 65, One important problem is the fact that up to around one hypertension or diabetes mellitus it confers a significant third of AF may be asymptomatic (2), and it is possible that increase in the risk of stroke (2). All current cardiological this accounts for a large proportion of the 20% of patients guidelines stress the importance of detecting AF, calculating who suffer a stroke without any apparent underlying © mHealth. All rights reserved. mHealth 2021;7:12 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/mhealth-19-204 Page 2 of 9 mHealth, 2021 cause. In a recent study, the presence of subclinical atrial An important question that remains under investigation tachyarrhythmia detected by implanted devices (pacemakers is how long a duration of continuous AF has to be present or defibrillators) was associated with a 2.5-fold increase to indicate an increased thromboembolic risk. There in thromboembolic events (3). AF risk/as a risk factor for appears to be some evidence arising from screening for stroke risk rises sharply with age. Strokes as a result of subclinical AF to suggest that episodes lasting hours rather AF are often large/severely debilitating or fatal. Between than minutes may be of greater importance (14). 10% and 40% of AF patients are asymptomatic or remain Opportunistic screening with the Kardia device in undiagnosed depending on the population studied, so populations with limited cardiological access has been tested the patient is often unaware of the risk until a stroke or in rural India, where it was performed by health workers. thromboembolic event occurs; the risk of dementia is In a population of 2,100 adults, 1.6% were found to have also increased by 30% independent of cerebrovascular AF (13). In this study, all Kardia-flagged abnormal (AF or thromboembolic events (4). unclassified) recordings were reviewed by a cardiologist in In recent years, the importance of pulse checks in primary India and verified by a second one in the USA. care has been widely promoted. Programmes designed to The advantage of cardiological (human) scrutiny of increase the prevalence of such checks have proved effective such recordings has been emphasised by a study in the but are not yet widely embraced (5). Furthermore, they are Netherlands in a cardiology out-patient clinic setting, where relatively imprecise, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) will 5,982 Kardia device recordings were reviewed by a “heart always be required for the definitive diagnosis. team” including cardiologists. Of all reviewed recordings, 22% were designated as “possible AF” by the Kardia device algorithm, but one fifth of these were considered not to be Opportunistic AF screening AF by the heart team. A further 17% of the recordings were Since 2011 when AliveCor was founded to commercialise designated “unclassifiable” by the device, but 81% of these the Kardia device (6), a wide range of wearables, ECG recordings were considered to be clearly readable and smartwatches, smartphone accessories and mobile diagnosable by the heart team (15). This issue of the high technologies capable of recording ECGs have come on the rate of unclassified recordings was highlighted in another market. Most of these provide a single lead ECG, though study performed post-direct current (DC) cardioversion in some now produce synthesised multi-lead recordings, e.g., patients with previous AF. In this study, 34% of the Kardia AliveCor KardiaMobile 6L (7). The relatively low cost, traces were considered by the algorithm to be “unclassified”, ease of use and portability of such devices, some of which but cardiologists were able to diagnose AF correctly from were clinically validated and FDA (US Food and Drug the Kardia recording (compared to the 12-lead simultaneous Administration) approved, have raised great interest in ECG) with 100% sensitivity and 80% specificity (16). But opportunistic acquisition of ECGs as a screening tool or the six-lead KardiaMobile 6L (7), with its newer algorithms, as a diagnostic tool at the time of suspected arrhythmic should fare better than the original KardiaMobile that was symptoms. used in the above two studies. Opportunistic screening for AF has been explored in These findings emphasise the advantage of opportunistic primary care and pharmacy settings (8,9). In subjects aged screening when integrated with an appropriate level over 65, the prevalence of AF assessed in such a fashion of cardiological expertise in the interpretation and is consistently between 6% and 7%. The percentage of verification of the classification derived from mobile subjects screened in this manner who are found to have technology algorithms, which might be an important newly diagnosed AF is typically 1.5%, indicating the need factor when considering the cost-effectiveness of this type to screen around 70 people in this age group to detect of opportunistic approach, as the physician time involved one with newly discovered AF (10), and thus making this could be potentially considerable. Nevertheless, ECG trace a cost-effective method of screening (11). As such, the interpretation algorithms are getting better all the time with KardiaMobile device has been favourably reviewed and a negative predictive value for detection of AF (ruling out recommended by the National Institute for Health and AF) approaching 100% (15), and are gradually proving to Care Excellence in the UK (NICE) (12). The value of such be generally reliable and acceptable for screening purposes an approach has also been explored in Canada, India and when used on their own (see later below). Persons with AF Australia among other countries (8,9,13). (or repeatedly inconclusive results) flagged by algorithms © mHealth. All rights reserved. mHealth 2021;7:12 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/mhealth-19-204 mHealth, 2021 Page 3 of 9 should in any case be referred to a cardiologist for further has been fully tested, submitted to the FDA and approved, a confirmation and management as appropriate. digital screening programme will be launched that will also deliver patient guidance on next steps after receiving the results of AF screening (24). Meanwhile, it was announced Examples of current mobile ECG solutions for AF in October 2019 that AliveCor and Xiaomi-backed Huami screening and detection (China) will co-develop new medical-grade ECG wearables Here we provide a few of the most common examples and put them on the market by 2020 (25). of mobile clinical-grade ECG solutions on the general The above commercial solutions are powered by consumer market as of 2019, but the ultimate comparative generally reliable proprietary artificial intelligence (AI) clinical reliability, feasibility/acceptability and cost- (including machine learning/deep learning) and non- effectiveness/affordability of the different technologies on AI algorithms for mobile ECG trace interpretation; see, offer today will require further investigations/trials to fully for example, Hannun et al. (26), who describe a similar establish, which is beyond the set scope of this article.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Ehealth and Informatics
    Using Technology to Teach about Technology: Educational Offerings in mHealth and eHealth @ JHU Betty Jordan, DNSc, RNC Director, Baccalaureate Program Assistant Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing Edward Bunker, MPH, MS Associate (Instructor), JHU BSPH, Department of International Health Associate Director, Public Health Informatics Certificate Program Health Informatics Advisor, Jhpiego – an affiliate of Johns Hopkins Topics to Cover Brief Overview of the Global mHealth Initiative (GmI) Current course offerings in eHealth and mHealth Course offerings under discussion Experiences with Voice Thread Student service learning and mHealth student internships 2 Why mHealth? At the end of 2011, there were 6 billion mobile subscriptions Int. Telecom Union 2011 That’s almost 86% of the world’ s population 4.5 billion subscriptions are indeveloping the world alone mobiThinking 2012 in addition There are 4.2 billion texters worldwide That’s 5 times the (number of Facebook ) members 6.1 trillion texts sent worldwide each year Source: Tippett.org Mission: To improve global health by developing and advancing appropriate and effective uses of mobile information and communication technologies through innovative mHealth applications, evidence-based research, program evaluation, and advocacy. Vision: • Capitalize on engineering, IT and population-based research strengths • Develop and test novel solutions • Integrate active research into teaching and learning opportunities for students • Facilitate and expand collaborative networks across the Johns Hopkins University 5 6 Simple, Tangible Goals Drive innovation by fostering practical problem-solving − Interdisciplinary collaborations − “Grounded” in field reality − “Systems” construction − Strong emphasis on evaluation research Educate – understand the technology, the evidence, and the broader human systems Build capacity and global partnerships to test and scale mobile ICT where appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • HCI and Mhealth Wearable Tech: a Multidisciplinary Research Challenge
    CHI 2020 Case Study CHI 2020, April 25–30, 2020, Honolulu, HI, USA HCI and mHealth Wearable Tech: A Multidisciplinary Research Challenge Abstract Lucretia Williams Amir Rahmani This paper explores the challenges of HCI work within University of California, Irvine University of California, Irvine multidisciplinary research projects across health Department of informatics School of Nursing sciences, social sciences, and engineering, through Irvine, CA, USA Irvine, CA, USA discussion of a specific case study research project [email protected] [email protected] focused on supporting under-resourced pregnant women. Capturing the perspectives of community- Gillian R. Hayes Nikil Dutt based health care workers (N=14) using wearable University of California, Irvine University of California, Irvine technology for servicing pregnant women provided Department of Informatics Department of Computer insight into considerations for technology for this Irvine, CA, USA Science specific population. Methods of inquiry included design [email protected] Irvine, CA, USA and development of a prototype wearable and mobile [email protected] system as well as self-report via a survey detailing their Yuqing Guo experience with the system and how it can possibly University of California, Irvine benefit their duties of monitoring their pregnant School of Nursing patients. The process outcomes of this work, however, Irvine, CA, USA provide broader insight into the challenges of [email protected] conducting this kind of interdisciplinary work that remain despite decades of effort and financial investment to support interdisciplinary research, particularly in health informatics and interactive Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for technologies for health.
    [Show full text]
  • Mhealth Basics: Introduction to Mobile Technology for Health Elearning
    mHealth Basics: Introduction to Mobile Technology for Health eLearning Course Participant Study Group Preliminary Report January 12 – February 4, 2015 http://www.globalhealthlearning.org/community/89786 Background To enhance learners’ understanding of the main concepts in the mHealth Basics: Introduction to Mobile Technology for Health course and develop the basic skills needed to plan and implement digital health programs in the field, the K4Health Project facilitated an online, time-bound, cohort-based learning event in which learners were able to receive virtual technical assistance from digital health subject matter experts as well as learn from each other by discussing questions, challenges, and successes in working in the digital health field. The purpose of this study group was: • to help explore and think critically about course concepts as they move through the course material • to provide a virtual space for learners to connect with each other and with mHealth implementers from around the world • to elicit and share relevant, practical programmatic experiences related to mHealth The formal study group ran from January 12 – February 4, 2015. Prior to each day’s discussion, the study group facilitators, Trinity Zan of FHI 360 and Nandini Jayarajan of Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs (CCP), asked participants to read a session or sessions of the course, then respond to discussion questions posted to the online forum. Participants were encouraged to visit the online learning space to reflect on the discussion questions, ask questions, and share experiences related to their professional work, as well as how they have and/or plan to apply what they have learned from the course into their jobs.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Technology-Based Services for Global Health and Wellness: Opportunities and Challenges”
    “MOBILE TECHNOLOGY-BASED SERVICES FOR GLOBAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES” Summary of Main points from the OECD-HARVARD Global Health Institute Expert Consultation of 5-6 October 2016. This document reports on key issues emerging from the OECD Expert Consultation: “Mobile Technologies Based Services for Global Health and Wellness: Opportunities and Challenges (http://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/mobile- technology-based-services-for-global-health.htm)”. The Consultation’s objectives were to further international dialogue on issues critical for the successful adoption of mobile-technology-based services for health and wellness with a special focus on privacy, security, quality assurance challenges and measurement needs for evidence-based policy-making. The Expert Consultation was held on 5-6 October, 2016 in Boston (US) at The Harvard Global Health Institute, in collaboration with Swedish Vinnova, Canada Health Infoway and the Global Coalition on Aging. Their financial support and that of participating member countries is gratefully acknowledged. This report was drafted by Elettra Ronchi (Senior Policy Analyst , Digital Economy and Policy Division, OECD), Liana Rosenkrantz Woskie (Assistant Director Harvard Global Health Institute Strategic Initiative on Quality, US ; London School of Informatics, UK) and Julia Adler Milstein (Associate Professor, University of California, San Francisco, US) based on inputs from workshop experts, the OECD Health Committee and the OECD Working Party on Security and Privacy in the Digital
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Health Is Mobile and Social
    The Future of Health is Mobile and Social Jay M. Bernhardt, PhD, MPH Professor of Health Education and Behavior Director of the Center for Digital Health and Wellness College of Health and Human Performance and College of Public Health and Health Professions @jaybernhardt Starting Summer 2014 • Professor in the Moody College of Communication, University of Texas at Austin and Everett D. Collier Centennial Chair in Communication • Founding Director of a new “UT Center for Health Communication” • Expected joint appointments in the new Dell School of Medicine, UT College of Education, and UT-H School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus • [email protected] @jaybernhardt Social Media Today and Tomorrow http://www.youtube.com/v/zxpa4dNVd3c @jaybernhardt Adult Gadget Ownership (2006-2013) http://www.pewinternet.org/Trend-Data-(Adults)/Device-Ownership.aspx @jaybernhardt Mobile Only Households @jaybernhardt Mobile Only Households • Hispanic adults (51%) more likely than non-Hispanic white adults (33%) or non-Hispanic black adults (39%) to be mobile only • Renters (54%) more mobile only than home owners (25%) • People in mobile-only households exhibit more risk behaviors – 5 or more drinks/day: 30% mobile 18% landlines – Smokers: 30% mobile 14% landlines – Get flu vaccine: 28% mobile 43% landlines • Take home message: Mobile-only households are significantly different from households with landlines Source: CDC NCHS Wireless Substitution Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, July – December 2012 @jaybernhardt Mobile Phone Activities (2010) @jaybernhardt Text Message Use (SMS) Continues to Increase • 9.8T SMS messages sent in 2012 • 80% of all US cell phone owners text • 92% of US smart phone owners text • US SMS users average 35 texts per day • 54% of “digital natives” prefer texting over talking vs.
    [Show full text]
  • How 5G Technology Enables the Health Internet of Things Darrell M
    July 2016 How 5G technology enables the health internet of things Darrell M. West INTRODUCTION magine a world where you can download an interactive 3-D video in a few seconds, a smart home anticipates your needs, and autonomous vehicles take you to your destination safely. This is the world of fifth-generation (5G) broadband technology. It promises speeds of more I 1 than 100 megabits per second, more data bandwidth, and fewer delays due to built-in computing intelligence that handles data very efficiently. This new era of 5G will bring together improved connectivity, cloud-based storage, and an array Darrell M. West is vice president and director of of connected devices and services. Extensive computing capability combined with virtual system Governance Studies and architecture will open up a mobile internet of things (IoT). Advanced digital networks will bring founding director of the Center for Technology together a system that connects billions of devices and sensors enabling advances in health care, Innovation at Brookings. His studies include education, resource management, transportation, agriculture, and many other areas. While much technology policy, of this work is underway today, we will see big strides soon at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Korean electronic government, 2 and mass media. mobile operators there will provide internet service at ultra-fast rates of 20GBs per second. Other developed countries expect to offer commercial 5G networks by 2020. With the number of digital devices expected to rise dramatically, much of the world will be connected around the clock.3 In this paper, I show how 5G differs from previous generations of advancement (3G and 4G), discuss emerging applications in health care, and demonstrate how these developments will enable new systems of care delivery.
    [Show full text]
  • How Mhealth Can Revolutionise the Indian Healthcare Industry
    Introduction3 / Relevance of mHealth in India4/ Current challenges for mHealth adoption in India7/ How to drive the adoption of mHealth in India9/ The road ahead17 How mHealth can revolutionise the Indian healthcare industry www.pwc.in Introduction A mobile phone is a multipurpose and powerful device The scope for leveraging mHealth as an alternate delivery capable of performing a number of tasks that are beyond channel in India is substantial. As of January 2017, the its primary purpose of communication. There is a lot of global average for mobile Internet traffic as a percentage hype around mobile technology, especially smartphones, of the total web traffic is 50%. India ranks second on and a number of new and innovative functionalities this parameter at 78%.1 Clearly, more and more Indians and/or apps which are capable of addressing needs in are accessing the Internet on their mobile phones. This new areas are being launched daily. People have started significant behavioural change is an important factor for using mobile phones for a large number of activities— mHealth adoption. banking; shopping; communicating; watching games, movies and videos; listening to music; surfing for news, Mobile Internet traffic as a percentage of total web travel information, etc. Clearly, the impact of mobile traffic (January 2017) technology on our day-to-day lives is growing every day. Smartphones and mobile apps are a powerful 100% combination that has made it very easy and convenient 81% 79% 78% 50% to perform various routine to complex tasks. 50% Mobile technology is making huge inroads even in 0% the healthcare space.
    [Show full text]
  • Can Mhealth Technology Help Mitigate the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Catherine P
    Emerging Topics Can mHealth Technology Help Mitigate the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Catherine P. Adans-Dester, Stacy Bamberg, Francesco P. Bertacchi, Brian Caulfield, Member, IEEE, Kara Chappie, Danilo Demarchi , Senior Member, IEEE, M. Kelley Erb, Juan Estrada , Eric E. Fabara , Michael Freni, Karl E. Friedl, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Geoffrey Gill, Mark S. Greenberg, Reed W. Hoyt, Emil Jovanov , Fellow, IEEE, Christoph M. Kanzler, Dina Katabi, Meredith Kernan, Colleen Kigin, Sunghoon I. Lee , Member, IEEE, Steffen Leonhardt , Senior Member, IEEE, Nigel H. Lovell , Fellow, IEEE, Jose Mantilla, Thomas H. McCoy Jr., Nell Meosky Luo, Glenn A. Miller, John Moore , Derek O’Keeffe, Jeffrey Palmer , Senior Member, IEEE, Federico Parisi , Shyamal Patel, Jack Po , Member, IEEE, Benito L. Pugliese, Thomas Quatieri , Fellow, IEEE, Tauhidur Rahman, Member, IEEE, Nathan Ramasarma , Member, IEEE, John A. Rogers, Fellow, IEEE, Guillermo U. Ruiz-Esparza, Stefano Sapienza, Gregory Schiurring, Lee Schwamm, Hadi Shafiee, Sara Kelly Silacci, Nathaniel M Sims, Tanya Talkar , William J. Tharion, James A. Toombs, Christopher Uschnig, Gloria P. Vergara-Diaz, Paul Wacnik, Member, IEEE, May D. Wang , Senior Member, IEEE, James Welch, Lina Williamson, Ross Zafonte, Adrian Zai, Yuan-Ting Zhang, Fellow, IEEE, Guillermo J. Tearney, Rushdy Ahmad, David R. Walt , and Paolo Bonato , Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—Goal: The aim of the study herein reported mild symptoms and prioritize diagnostic testing in subjects was to review mobile health (mHealth) technologies and who might have been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. explore their use to monitor and mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A Task Force was assem- bled by recruiting individuals with expertise in electronic I.
    [Show full text]
  • Mhealth in Emergency Medicine Grab Your Smartphone to Get a Grip on App-Driven Clinical Decision Rules and Tools
    mHealth in Emergency Medicine Grab your smartphone to get a grip on app-driven clinical decision rules and tools. AUTHOR With the proliferation of smartphones over the past several years, apps Nicholas Genes, MD, PhD now play a prominent role in many social and work contexts, including Associate Professor, Department of medicine. This is enough of a phenomenon to have inspired the abbreviation Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of “mHealth,” short for mobile health. The number of app-driven clinical Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY calculators, checklists, and risk scores in common use in the emergency department (ED) has significantly increased and shows no sign of slowing. EB Medicine is pleased to bring you mHealth in Emergency Thanks to this digital development and innovation, clinical decision support Medicine, a Special Report is now just a finger-tap away. developed in conjunction with our strategic partner MDCalc. As of 2016, there were approximately 20,000 apps in the “Medical” Look for the first edition of our category of Apple’s app store.1 There are at least 300 apps specifically jointly published Calculated targeted to emergency clinicians,2 and given the variety of patient Decisions supplement, which presentations, general-purpose apps and apps from other specialties likely follows this report. It features merit usage in the ED. “Nick’s Picks,” content from 7 select MDCalc calculators Dr. Despite the abundance of apps and their potential to improve patient care, Genes deems as most essential to emergency medicine. Starting the decision of which apps to choose and use is left largely to each clinician, now, Calculated Decisions will be with little guidance on best practices or potential risks.
    [Show full text]
  • An Innovative Ehealth System Powered by 5G Network Slicing
    An Innovative eHealth System Powered By 5G Network Slicing Evgenia Kapassa, Marios Touloupou, Argyro Mavrogiorgou, Athanasios Kiourtis, Dimitra Giannouli, Konstantina Katsigianni, Dimosthenis Kyriazis Department of Digital Systems University of Piraeus Piraeus, Greece {ekapassa, mtouloup, margy, kiourtis}@unipi.gr, {dimgiannoulh, katsigiannikon}@gmail.com, [email protected] Abstract — In recent years, there has been a lot of focus on well as reliability transfer through the network in combination how medical and health monitoring devices, clinical wearables, with the performance of their analysis inside it. Although the and remote sensors can contribute to better health for patients amount of the available healthcare data will rise to and more efficient healthcare systems. The fifth generation of approximately 25,000 petabytes by the year 2020 [3], there is mobile, cellular technologies, networks and solutions, promises an immediate need for the IoT industry to adopt to the next high bandwidth, low latency and reliability are highly generation 5G networks potentials [4]. Thus, to satisfy the demanded in order to support the needs of healthcare, it is requirements of the new emerging IoT services, 5G aims to undeniable that what is needed is the transformation of the achieve more enhanced circulation of the exchanged data than healthcare providers-patients relationship by integrating rich- the 4G LTE standard, in terms of speed and quantity, whilst media communications into medical care. A key challenge escalating the support of connected devices up to 10-100 refers to the amount of this information and the way it is transmitted and processed. The different formats, rates and size times, reducing their latency by 5 times at the same time [5- of datasets (continuously increasing) raise the need for 6].
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing a National Mhealth System Improves Viral Suppression and Retention in Routine HIV Care in Kenya
    Implementing a National mHealth System Improves Viral Suppression and Retention in Routine HIV Care in Kenya 1A. Wachira, 1M. Kimani, 3K. Owuor, 2S. Maina, 1I. Mukui, 1B. Mambo, 1B. Kigen 1National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Directorate of Preventive and Promotive Health Services, Nairobi, Kenya. 2mHealth Kenya, 3Centre for Health Solution Kenya (CHS). Conflict of Interest • Nothing to disclose Outline • Background • Methods • Findings • Conclusion Background • Kenya guidelines support testing and treatment uptake • ART Guidelines, 2016 recommends Test & Start • HTS Guidelines, 2018 recommends partner notification and linkage • As the country scales identification and linkage, averting HIV associated disability and death becomes increasingly important • Barriers: • Challenges in retention over time • Viral Suppression remains a concern Background – mHealth • Text message interventions promote ART adherence (Strong evidence since 2010) • Increased adherence with SMS (OR=1.39) • Improved VL (OR=1.56) • Similar evidence emerging for PrEP Trends - Kenya ART Scale Up • Mobile Subscriptions 1,400,000 50 49.2 1,159,000 42.8 1,200,000 1,136,000 45 38.9 1,018,905 40 37.7 1,000,000 872,938 35 33.6 30.7 31.3 800,000 755,225 656,369 30 26.9 603,409 25 600,000 538,938 25 440,117 19.4 363,421 20 400,000 244,676 15 …172,764 200,000 110,000 55,000 10 10,000 - Total Mobile Sibscriptions (Millions) 5 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Year In 2018, the number of mobile phone subscriptions in Kenya surpassed the
    [Show full text]
  • Science-In-Brief: Can Text Messaging Improve Medication Adherence in Adults with Coronary Heart Disease?
    Can Text Messaging Improve Medication Adherence in Adults with Coronary Heart Disease? The following is a synopsis of “A Text Messaging Intervention to Promote Medication Adherence for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” published in the February 2014 issue of Patient Education and Counseling. What is already known on this topic? What is added by this document? Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death The researchers conducted a 30-day randomized clinical trial and disability worldwide. CHD leads to more than 385,000 to evaluate the effectiveness of an mHealth intervention that deaths per year in the United States and costs the country used personalized text messages (TMs) to increase adherence approximately $108.9 billion dollars in health care costs. to antiplatelet and statin medications among patients with CHD Although poor medication adherence is strongly associated following release from the hospital. The study also explored the with adverse outcomes for CHD patients, including hospital feasibility of and patient satisfaction with the mobile phone– readmission, disability, and death, rates of medication based intervention. nonadherence for heart attack patients range from The control (No TM) group received usual care; the 13% to 61%. telemedicine education (TM Education) group received a Using technology to facilitate self-monitoring, positive total of 14 health education TMs; and the telemedicine reinforcement, and remote coaching can be a practical reminders plus health education (TM Reminders + Education) and inexpensive way to improve medication adherence. group received 74 TMs of medication reminders and health In the past decade, mobile health (mHealth) efforts have education messages.
    [Show full text]