0Ln ' xopul Dnr,^9r r r^^ o 891 Pgg!lJJv!, L9v '' unpueppv 99V ,{qderSortqrq v9b slusruaSpol,lr\ou)lcv 29, s3ur"u pepnlJxa r9v €rqnp "ulrroN t9v s!1{lsos1uonces n9n ' sllttsosl snue8qns 9I' apaltalqv sauos nw aoapo.tpupfue seues I6€ ' ' aotaBntdg serrcg I6€ '' ' ,s11,{1,!orrouorloes 68€ aDam)co) seues I8€ ' aDuoEDJJaJseues L9t ' ' ao|oJlso.tdsetJes tvE s1f1so;.i,{g serre5 Ltt, aout)oJ) seuzs 6I€ s!l0soqrrO seIroS 7,IE aomcnnfi seueg 80€ sapuotD sarJes vLe aDur)llos setJes vLz 01s1uDguotlces nLz - DlsluDg snue8qns 692 DlelaDg Jo solJedsoql ol fe;4 892 otsluog Jo ?xel 3rJeuo3?{ur oql o1 tre) 992 'J 'I Dls)luDg LgZ ' ' uonnlo^g vnz ,{AoloqdroI i tnz sPoqlor{ onz uoncnpollul eE"d sluoluoJ 'cnlels rloql Jo uonpJrpurue q _41pJtsrl eJe r/syr/r8 lrpun peqsrlqndssLUEu llv :Surlpres Jo tEqt.nulpnlJu!pessnJslp sl iaoloqdrouDqI prurllno areDlr]luog Jo (uouo\et .qt Jo <(erEoro ur sdrtsroteLu prpr\ord \r (Jl 'u0^rd lerlro)slq9ql rq L eyelJUrJrdse{ur puD satJrds ol V rrE porrJobuu!^lou pue tetrqEq'uottnqtrtcrp:plqUrsep (llnJ ore ExEl llV 55uis ^\eu uonduasap eql Surpnlcur'prsodord sr snur8 aqJ uorleJgisselc 9 Jo 'erutnD Jo cr:eu56ayur,lteu V spuelsl nrv eql pu€ efel uelrl ^1oN-endEdurrq]nos olur pue zrlerlsny iecrdo:1 ssoJaespuelxe euo pue :elueLusel pue elnsutuedal,{f ot puelsuosno quou ujorJ ?lJeJlsnv Eralseour rnc_co€I :suo6er lueJefpe pue etlErtsnv urJlsolA ts.IA qlnos ur aturepuoelp solao

'o 'lueo'uolr^ua ,eunec !?..'$"rT:?",:;:t--" d pues'e:uv auroHJo )uoruu'deo pue;j8lf ;* ?;5';f ulniJeqroHuerlsrlsnv urelse/d 'y *oSroo9 S dg (auoceelo.r4)T'T BI$IuEgsnuo8 aql

6tz 186l (€) € lo^ ErstfnN NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

Introduction

Just 200 years ago, in October 1781, Carl Linnaeus fiI. published Ihe na:rlrc together with the first four in the . had already been honoured in the genus Banksiq Forcter & Forster f. (1775) and was also recognised later in Banksea Koenig (1783), Bankesia Brrce (1790) and Banksia Dombey ex DC. (1828). By 1800, however, the name was generally accepted for the genus in the and has since been challenged only by Kuntze (1891) and Britten (1905). It was formally consetved against Ba ksi{r Forster & Forster f. in 1940 by Sprague. The historical progress of the publication of new species in the genus is given in Table 1. This includes only the taxa here accepted as valid. From the late 18th Century to the mid 19th, many other names were applied both to collections gathered in the wild and to specimens raised in European glasshouses. Some of these can be assigned in synonymy to accepted names, but others were inadequately described and remain doubtful. Alist of nomina dubia ptbhshed in Banksra L.f. (Proteaceae) is given on p.461, while names published in Banksia 1n other families are given on p.462.

Table I

Acceptedtaxa in BanksiaL.f. in chronological order of publication. New combinationsand new names basedon earlier taxa are included under the date of the earlier publication. The number in brackets is that of the speciesin the text. 1781B. serrataL.f . (15) B. integrifolia L.t. (2) B. eticifolia L.l. (50) B. dentataL.l. (l) 7'793B. spinulosa Srr,ith (49) 1798B. gra"dr.,Willd. (40) 1800 B. rcpens Labill. (42) l8O0 B. oblo gifolia Cav, (7) B. tobur Cav. (8) B. marginata Cav. (4) 7802 B. praemorsa Andre\\s (28') 7810B. pulcbe aR.Br. (68) B. sphaerccarpaR.Bt , (57) B. nrtans R.Br. (69) B. collina R.Br.: B. sprrrlo.t4Smith var. colli a (R.Bt.) A. S. George(198 t ) (49) B. occidentalisR,Br. (52) B. liuoralis R.Br. (53) B. cotnparR.Br.:8. integrifoliaL.f . var. compal (R.Br.) Bailey (1913)(2) B. verticillataR.Br. (54\ B. coccineaR,Br , (48) B. paludosaR.Br. (9) B. attenuataR.Br. (30\ B. aemulaR.Bt./16\ B. quercifoliaR.Br . (12) -B.sDecio.lz R.Br. (19) B . iiicifolia R.Br . (7o) 1827B. cunnfughamiiSiebea ex Reichb.:r. srrr?r//osaSmith var. cunninghamii (Seiberex Reichb.)A. S. Georse (1981)(49) 1828 B. dryattdroides Baxter ex Sweet (56) 1830B. mediaR.Br. (2'7) B. caleyi R.Br. (46) B. baueriR.Br.(14) B. me 2iesiiR.Bt. (18) B. solandtiR.Br. (71\ B. baxteri R.Br, (m) B. goodii R.Bt. (39) B. prostrata R.Bt. non Fonter & ForsterL (1776):8. gardneriA. S. George(1981) (40) B. b/olrr,l Ba,xterex R.Br. (51) l84O B, prionotes L|ndley. (23') 1845 B. neisneri I ehm. (61) 'uorlducsep slq uI ruoql Jo uonuou ou opslu lnq (otallytuoc p€lu?u-ol oq qcq^\) otDt,{asDr$luDg suopel,&oj el{tr solslln" egl polnSg :eugeeg ,.x,{IecpulJpunb,, € 01 Jo Jo '?l3ue8 uoqducsep clreue8 slq ur peJ.IeJer^lau\zz\d pu" Jeqlo o] pojloJsueJl lol€l eJe,\\ qarq,r sorcodseeJr4l Dlvlupg Jopun pepnlcul oq 'olculs r.sues Dlsluog selcedsseplsog 'u3{"lslul 'elcllloJJo 'lelnJolrq eq 01 fJ€^o eq13u1.Ieptsuoc uI t.lo,\o,toq se,\\ 0H oql_ul spoes eqi ue5,rrraqsorT q.Iq,\ luoruldesslp osle; eq1 pelerdrelul{JlcerroJ pue qlu?IJod erll Jo e.rirleu:eynqnl -,(1lel1uesseegl postuSocororl.t\'(8811) JOuue"C qdosof,{q ep?tlr s".,"lllnrJ pu? ro,rou ptvlwg eyl Jo .{SololldJoru eql Jo sllelsp eglrcsep o} ldrueD? lsrg eqJ 'esnlqo 'e1el01 'sJrlsrJolc?r"qcl€ltoJ uo ^Uelqapoqsln8ullstp olo,\\ selcodsJnoJ slH .. ]cojo '{crql 's8r€l f,ro,r,, se (,,run1uaur?,,)ocue3sorogul oqt peqlrcsop eH ([o["lsu"r] -{u) 'eplslno 'Sulp"elds 'g ,,e1iq,r-qsr-,(er8 luecsaqnd e"unu€l :Sulpuecs" f,tet,, se olouas jb qiurl:ed eqt eqrr.sop 01 ernlcruls eqt uolldrrcsep rerllo ou o^?3 lnq tdecxe l"rou Jo 'tU buI8ouo|,'tJ 'ttl,tpuDqal er ol ]l pou8lss? eq'otvlltDg peqslTqnd sneBuul-l uogl{\ 'S (Lunpuoppv)e8roe9 V otuDzo!8bld'g (Il) e8roeDS'Y DtDaunzg (69)e8roe5 s'Y D atut te^.tttsuDlnu g (/9) e?rooo S y saapualsDre^ Lu'qLa.Iuauslau g (€9)e8roeD DaoqotuPt S'S Y I (29)o8roo5 Y DIP)qDsg (I9) a8roeC S Y rtlDttolg (6S)e?roeC S Y or^sol8g (89) oBJoeD S y ovtutu)ltu g (tS) olt$oqrlpp 're^ 'rg odln aDlds'g cS.roo5 S V l 'g (aq) e8roeD S Vrlsrtr'&^ tg >JDdtD.oftoqds (tS) 03ro0C S y opnulluasR^ r&t sllD.tottllg (Z) o8roao 'Y DtuollnbD're^ DloluSala! g S 're^J'-I '!''I (0S)a8roeo S y otltu rDlu o!to!2p g enrooc plDaln)Dg ut) s v 'g (It) e8roeo S Y uot,ftldaDLuotP (0t) e8rooo sllDaa!4 Je^eBrcaD'S'y uaapn8'g S V 'S (0t) o8roo5 S V DtDtuapttaq le^ e8roeD Y laapoS g (9) oSloo5 S Y lJlozlrDs g (t) e8rooD y DlDll!2luadN^ e8roa9 Dualaoa'g S 'S'YS'Y 'g (E) oualuoz rEAe8roeD D aluo) 186I (s) SIIL{ H I Duoz g L96I 'g (9€) r6uprtg J ltztfunf 9961 'S'V (S€)o8roe5 Da|nptsnl'dsqns.reussrer\l ,rDSldarl €' 996I (€€) reuplec J nuDlulb|luaqg (62) reuplBD ) slttttsottdg (t9) reuprEc ) Da!)ltol g i96I (92) role{ c g!! apnq g (Z€).leleg 5 AlIqqsD g,t6l (t€) rauPrlc ) xDPnDg 09) roupre9 JD Dlo!^ g 8Z6I olsl d' ltorlj^l J DaD.Dplag 9681 'Je^ ([ I) ( Ig6I) e8rooD S y Dtlqdoaiog: llanhl A Duolt)Bata! rg')d L\tollcnnb g 698l c[y,:Filry,i;#il,*:;:,"",,,, 'l€^'rtdodtDonoqds 'g (S9)(186I) oBJooD S V D/'/,tr4 8r:rousslor\l suarsaqDlS LS9I (91) tessslelN DUDluuDMalg (St) roussrer{,lrflltrr1 €, 9S8I (ZZ) tetrsstelNantfiars g (It\ re'Jssl'Vl ouotapull 'g (92) lsussreJr'{Duotalooq g \lz) reusstet1{aDpot)lt g (8€) rousslelr'{ srrSal, €' llz) toussrelN ouDallopuDcg (0e)(186r) etsIoeD s v Dtrqdoiats:rsen) q'rnslfocl:il','"i"#:;;;Iii:g "rt 'g (rI) rossslol,,{xo Ilent['J DtDuo tggl panuauor-l elqel

'63roeD ttz ,?r)1rr€. S y 242 NuytsiaVol.3 (3)1981

Some confusion over the generic ltmits of Banksia continued in the 1790s,as seen in the work of James Smith (1793) and Carl Willdenow (1798), but the situation was reviewed by Antonio Cavanilles (18004). Cavanilles provided detailed descriptions of 1l species of Bqnksiq from the Sydney region, of which 4 were later relegated to synonymy. He added many new observations but still regarded the ovary as bilocular. The whole style- end was still referred to as the . Cavanilles was the first to remark upon tbe habit in Banksiu (and later noted by others in many Proteaceae)of prolific production for very few . His paper was repeated but entirely in Latin and with additional figures(Cavanilles 18008). A major advance in understanding \ot only Banksia but the whole of the Proteaceae was made by Robert Brown in his paper on the family (l8l0A). Brown had the advantage of having studied many Australian and a few South African species in the field. He discussed the relative importance of such characters as the , indumentum, inflor- escence,, anthers, hypogylous glands or scales, anthers, style, fruit and . He also discussedthe geographical distribution, this being a subject that had begun to interest him during the expedition to . The basic morphology of the family was now clarified, though the natore of the style-end was still not understood. Browl]'s generic classification for the Proteaceaeproved to be very sound (Johnson & Briggs, 1975). His treatment of -Bar.tsr?in both 1810and 1830has also endured except for a few instances where he apparently placed too much emphasis on foliar characters to separate species, e.g. in the marginata comple;( He also incorrectly placed B. t)ertlcillalo next to B. compar (: B. integrifolia var. compar). Following Robert Brown, three 19th Century botanists made significant contribrtions to the taxonony of Banksia. ln the 1850s Carl Frederick Meissner described ten rew soeciesfrom based on the collections of James Drummond. He also, in 1856, proposed the first infrageneric classification of the genus beyond the earlier seg- regation into the sectionslsoslylls R.Br. a\d Eubqnksia Endl. (Banksiae lerae of Brown). In the latter , Meissner proposed three series, Abietinae, Sallcinae and Quercinue. The first of these contained only hooked-style speciesbut the two others were quite heter- ogeneous. His specific treatment, however, was in general an excellent survey of all the speciesdescribed to that date. Soon afterwards, Bentham (1870) also treated the whole ginus. He revised earlier subdivisions and divided the genus into five sections, of which onlv l,rostrr/rscorresDonded with that of earlier writers. He restricted Eubanksia to 3 speiies, discarded Miissner's three series and instead proposed three new sections, Or- cost'lis, Cytostllis and Ofihostylis. Like Meissner he grouped the hooked-style species together (in Oncostylis) but correctly went further to include all such speciesthen known. His two other new sections, however, were heterogeneous. Bentham recognised that the stigmatic area of the style-end was very small and that the chief function of ths remainder was to collect from the anthers just before an- thesis. He elaborated his studies of the Proteaceous styls in an illustrated paper to the Linnean Societyof London (Bentham,1871). During the latter half of the 19th Century, Ferdinand Mueller added much to the knowledge of distribution of Bqnksia, though the information was scattered through many publications. He also described three new species, the last in conjonction with Ralph Tate. In the 20th Century a further nins species were described before the start of this revision, six from Western Australia by Charles Gardner. Most of these were recent discoveriesin regions previously difficult of access,though some had been collected earlier and not recognisedas distinct. There was no attempt, however, to revise the infrageneric classification of the genus. This has been done in the present study, resulting in its div- ision into two subgenera, one with two species,the other with two sections and twelve series. Further, ten new species and nine new varieties are described, two previously named varieties are re-described as species,and new names are provided for two species whose names where later homonyms. Two new varietal combinations are made in the previously confused sprralosa complex. 'roqtn? eqt ,{q ue1e1e:e,tr sqderSoloqd 11y '(0861) 'suopr?9 'unueqJeH .ae) cluslog Iedod erll 1? pollduoc suoll€ -r^€Jqqv JoqlnY Jo xepul ulllo srll s,\\olloJ seu"u tru€ld Jo sroqln" Jo uoll"llc eqJ 'sltDtoltll g pueosoln4ds'g oJl?osor{J }In{ pu? slo,\\ou,lloql slseqerl}uo pol?J?deseq '.{SoloqdroluJo esn€ceqseIleIJ?A se rllaql peur€l3l e^€q I J"el uI 1u31xeeuros otr loiruec,{eq1 'Je,\e,uoq'sos?3 '€urll 'spoos pu€ llq8q ur lcupslp er? €x?l eJeq,\\ o,{\l uI c15 3uuo,|\ou ;se,lee1'lrqeq uI sJeqlo fq poru"durotce eJ" socueloJlp qcts ^ll?Je[oD ]lllJJ Jo/pu" sre,rou oql ,{Soloqdroru elD uI ocuolestP }uolslsuoc trulrtgluSls" elnb?J 01 ueeq s€q Jo Pu" 'aDullalqY slrrull cgrcads SuIpJ€8er eldtcut:d ctseq t1l1 ao1o.t1so,t4pue aDupot) serJes 'uorlsulQlJe}ep e{l rir .tlureru serldds Joll?l egJ €AIlIsod JoJ pepeeu eq ^eul seJnlBeJ 'g 'saplupao{tp 'g 'DauDJo) uort?ulquoc " qcrq,t uI esoq1,ol 4uDallopuoJ g 3e- Jo 'sot3ods ernleel ,{ue ,{q pesluSoceJ,{lls"o esoq} ruo{ erll ul e8u?.r_opl{\€ Jo t.ss3u€Altrcul}sIp,!'eJuooso.Iogul'sel"el 're,to,t"oq'st ei6q1 selclrloJ:o ecuecselcnr;ut's:o,tlog slled Jof"ru 'ecueuedxe eqt eiro ,{uz ruo.r; poullu:elop eq uaa Dteluzg solcodslsoul qll,^r\ ;o Jo'plJU eql ul sJlJedseql Jo luJtussesse s" s? spunor8 pcfoloqdrout uo pes"q ol? lsel eqJ sdtqsuoqeler culcodslelul pue llo,'\\ 'srolo?r?qc uortr?r]?A crlsou8ztpeq1 peulllno e^€q J solcadsqc?o lopun uolssllJslpeql uI '(nL6l) to la lqcads Jo ernl?lcueuou eql ,rolloJ ,{lleJoueSsuorluullol uot1z1e3or1 ,{Ueuq po}Bls os[? e]? pouod Suue,trogpue 'pe}tc uollnqlrlslp oql ^\oqs 01 uesoqc suerulcadspoo8 Suleq -{llsoru esoql el" ,{luo l?lrq"H 's[oDduosep suoqcalloJ p€t.olos -louq ur pue sd"ru uI rlloq u3^13 sl uol]ngl]qcl l"ur poup ruo4 lu?Jd arll Jo .rapurutueJoql pue l€IJel"ur 8ut,lt1ulo:; peq-lJcs,opueeq e,l-er]s8u11 -pee-seqt le:eue8 uI lu€ld etnl"u orll Jo I"IJel"u unll?qJeq 3ul,(u"duocce ou sI elor{} uJqA\ sJ3?1sqJns l? sslJedsJo uolwcgquepl eql loJ InJesn eq -,{BursSulpees puB spoos uo ?]Eat rlq"lr€^c sr ^Soloqdroru 3q1Jo e.rnlcld llnJ € 1"q1 os Sutpnlcur qlro,tt s[ ][ l?ql '8uol ,fu0,t suorldtrcsop eql se{"u slql sllqa se,tzel Sutlpees,pu€ suopal,{loc Iurq] I 'Sulpnlcul 'selaods eLIr iolqtlte,le eleq,lr ro3 uellS e.re suoqdt.rcsep11ng Jo teql II" 'suo]]"nlJs 0lu-1sooluoceJ uI ueos ueoq e^Eq "x?l lsol^tr uox4 qc€a JoJ luelslsuoc ^ll"loue8 sI pu? osuodsereJU ol lu?,\oleJ 'pelou sr uo!"LuJoJuJ sJtll JoJ s€,,\\slcolslooJ pue sluels oql Jo eJnl€u eql J€lncII€d uI 'l?lrq"q 'luoseld 'pu€ 'lln{ pu? lrqEq uo peJer{l"8 e.I3,\\?l?cl sSullpees ueg,r\ spees 'lueudola^ep ,ueu'{l€q 8ul{oqs ep?ut o.Io,{\suollselloJ uoq"I.l"A ur\^ou{ lerog'qluor8 'pleu eql [" poJe^oc lou s?q slql euos JoJ q8noql oql uI uees uaoq o^?q ?x"1 llv 'pel"ultuou uooq e^"q sed,{loou 'Sulsstut .'(pueruddt st ed,{1eq1 'sed,,(lu,{s lztleleu-r uor],{\lo pellJ s?^\ edfl ou uot{A\"x"1 loJ uro{ sos?celuos uI lnq sod-{l 'sed,(tro1co1leJer\os -osi;o sarrese uror3 ,(;1ensn lteles 01 ,fuBssoaouueeq s"q 1I zxel ,{ueut rog 'po^erqc" ,^leJer 'lln{ 'sle,\{ou 's3,\"el sr pu? uo ?1?p pu" lueueldruoc eql suoqcelloc l€llq€q 1rq"q 'uoIlBl.IB,\ ',{3OIOr{dJorUJo uJepour ur ue ]"}Jq"q pu" uollnqlJlslp llnJ 3I{1 Sulqllcssp E '?ueqreq 'suoll3olloc 'seo^l ur eslr qrnur Jo aJo,'\\ UBII"]lsnY ur seuo uloporrl s€plseq ,{\eJ uio:g slu?ld pel"^qlnc usedornA -{pze uo pesuq eulos ldecxe sou?u Il€ Jo poc€ll uedy '"I.r€qJeq oJo,'\\sedfJ 'u€ol uo elq,{\ sJoqlo uI oql Suqtsl^ elq^\ secu"lsul eluos uI p€Ipnls 'poSpol eJa,r suourrcodseqJ sluoruSpel,tou)icv aql uI pelsll Suloq oseql oq 01 u,\\ouI er" suollcelloclu",{oler ereq^\ €Ireqrell lle ,uo{ uoes".i3r.iljLf"tr;f#r;'J,,#J;:y,0"" 'pelpnls xeld&roJ E Sspu"lsrJpun JellnJ " o] Sulptal os oq plnoqs qcn{,{\ uollepe.Id 'uoq:npo:dJo 'uoqeutllod ']uorudolo,\ep '-,ffiolou€qd pue pa:s lln{ pu? l€JoU s? q.ns slcod 'LIllt\rS '^3J "J-I 'g -sz dueru osle er" oJsqJ DsoltlLlldsBr pu" DlDu!8'lDuIg Dllollt8ala! sercodsuJelsee eq] ur os f,ll"r$dso sI srIIJ uoqell"^ oql pu?lslepun 01 JopJouI pepeeusI qcl"esoJ Jeq lu oJeg,r "xel 5r" olor{1 'os ue^g e^ll€tuel lloeq e^"q plno,\\ suolsnlcuoc 'l€uoleru erll Jo f,u"u pu? elq"lIBA? ueoq e^"rl plno,\\ uoll?luloJul ssel qcnu runu?q]oq pu" eJnlBtolrTeql uo ^luo peseq ueeq uotsho.r oql p?q : ,(Il"lcodso uoeq e^"q solpnls InJssn 'pleg pyerg uepre8 pu€ osnoqep"qs oq] uI pees ruou posl"l slu"ld ,'(pnls " uo pue 'lelrelBrll Jo eql ur ?x"1 uoll€ullu"xo u€ uo lulll.r"qJaq pu? elnl"Jelll elql]lle^" eql Jo Il" Jo ',(ruouox?} ^pnls eql uo pes"q sr Jed?d eql l?3lss?lc uI eslcJexous,{ll?Iluesse elql{ spoqptr l

'eBJooD ?7rsllrrg S'V NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) l98l

Morphology

Habit. AII species_aretrees or woody , usually erect. Arborescent forms, which have_beenrecorded up to 25 m tall, de.velopa trunk up to 70 cm diameter. One series, ths,Prostratae.contains 6 speciesin uhich the branchesare proslrateon or below the soiL with erect leaves and . Two species of the series Abietinae have lateral branches tending towards the prostrate habit. rn B. scabrell(t the lowest of the iaterai branches,rest on the ground.and often produce inflorescences. Banksia micrantha has developed a stage lurther, its laterals often at first growing- underground for up to 60 cm before emerging to_ continue as ascending aerial items. The u-ndergrouna item, U"ui many subulate prophylls. . In all growth forms there are both fire-tolerant and fire-sensitiveforms, a character_ istic consistent within each taxon exceptB. maryinqtq and B. yiolaceq(Table i, column l). Firs-tolerant forms have either a lignotuber or a trunk protected ty ttric( bark, anf sprout by epicorrnic shoots after fire. Fire-sensitive forml either lacl a lignotuber or have thin bark (less than 5 mm thick); they are killed by fire and regenerate-from . Bqrk. Bark charactsrs are usually consistent within a taxon and can aid determination. Fire-tolerant _arborescent species have bark 1-3 cm thick. Fire-sensitive arborescent specresand the narrow stems of lignotuberous specieshave bark less than 5 mm thick which is. unable to protect the stems against iire. Lenticels are often present in young bark and in^some_speciesit is their continLreddevelopment as corky outgiowthsthai leadi to mature fissuredbark. In others the bark splits as it grows and exipands. Indumentum. An indumentum occurs in most species on branchlsts, leaves, all bracts of the , perianth and follicles. Sometimes it is absent i.oIrl on" o, .oi" of the\e organs..burno.species is.quite.glabrous. Although somespecies ure uuriibl. In rnrsrearure rr rs usua y helptutln dlstrngursfungtaM. For the leavesand branchlers, youn_gnew growth is essential if the total indumentum is to be observed, for the hairi usually begin to come away during growth and may be almost or quite gone by the time leavesareflature. This applies especially to the uppor surface and'the viins ofthe lower surtaca lhe rne white wool which fills the lacunae on the lower surface is persistent. The hairs are 3-cellularand uniseriate(Johnson and Briggs, 1975),though the two lower cells are usually rery shon so rhar oniy the long apical"5neis readily sEen. They tak.etwo.maln torms-long and slrajght or flexuose(described as hirsureor villous.l,and shortand curled.(desc_ribedas pubescent or romentose).Inrermediale lorms alsooccur. urten long and short hairsoccur together. the organthen beingdescribed as hirsuteand tomentoss. The long hairsusually wear offfirst. but sometimespersist, e.g. on the branch_ lets of B. spinulosayar. cunninghqmii. Specieswhich differ from the usual state of the indumentum in certain organs are as follows: l. new growth glabrous or almost so jn B. micrantha, B. nutans, B. oreophila, B. pulchella and B. quercifolta; 2. perianth glabrous in B. aculeqta, B. ottenuatq, B, calelti, B. lemannian.r and B, lindleyana; 3. styles pubescent or papillose in most of tbe senesOrthos4)lis and,in B. pilostylis; 4. follicles from the beginning glabrous or almost so in B. nut(lns ard, B. tricuspis. . There are tuo_basic types of branching. In many speciesa whorl of branchlers aflseslmmedtatety betow the apex ol-a main branch.whether or not rhe rerminalbud or rne latter produces an rnllorescenceor an extension of the main branch, The other method is seenin some_speciesin r,rhich the inflorescencesare producedon short Jateral Drancnrets.I hese.devetopshorl branchlel5.inmany Ieaf axijswhich may or may not lalerdevelop lnto eithervegetati\e shoots or inflo|escences. Branchlets. The branchlets usually bear scattered prophylls along the basal few centi- metres. some of these form the protective involucie ibo;t the brinchlet initial and are c_arriedup the branchlet as it elongates. Usually they are very early decid'ous, leaving the lorver pa_rtof the branchlet bare. Sometimei the prophylli are ibsent, .rp..iufiy ofi lateral branchlets, 'eqo[ lnoqtr^\ pe]S 3ur,,l\Joq}pr^\ poes qrprM poosJoql8uol-oz 'qlSuel Ierol€l I ZZ',{poq Jo lZ.,{poq'drt-11 llere,\o-6t :3ur^\ol oqol ierat€lqlr^\ poos I tlnoclrel,{ts tE }rlds g1 :e1cr11o.1.1o1:ed roclclnJoorsJ reuul tqireq pc esxg qlpl^\-SI'ql3uol H 9f:^\er^oprsLrroprtloJJoUEd C . tI:^\er^.g^ool3 uEld ur el.rlloq J uJnJnirdeUr^\ luoluelu troqs uo laqluB Surdoqsoprsur qurl qtuErred.E ruEruSrts 8ur.\o{s retuoserd-uellod letue$rd-uallod-Z '61,{ts-tI ,qlurl qtuEuod-01 's,reli lEuruuat'slrerq O t qluBued-6 {q pesoloueqtueued Jo eseq-g :lrtsrd puE eeutlllel q}u€llod o^J J eseq Je,,l^og 13Erq uoluluoo isre,(og Sulplr:lqns ul put uoruuroJ / lerou-g'FeJq lstJe.tqI luetuoiuere lJ€Jq lelou ,rer^ oreJlns I strsrq pur uoLULuoJ ,slJerq uoLuruolqtr^\ qlpr^\-Z Jo'qlpl^\-I lBrJnlo^ur 'eauorserouurt lu.Lou € .f :srxv V peaspLIe olc]lloJ DtsluDg aq! Jo srolcereq, Jo sruDlS€rc oJnBrC l'tt ./\ "r'.?)\' A ,IL, ,u -lA *Jc_7' 6l

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Inforest:ence. (Figure 1A-E). The Banksia inflorescencs is a complex structure \those form and development need further study. It consists of a central woody axis on which are borne tightly-packed unit inflorescencesat dght angles to the axis. The unit inflor- escencecontains two sessileflowers, cach subtended by a floral bract. Each pair of floral bracts is subtended by a third bract here referred to a.sa common 6racl (Johnson & Briggs, 1975,p.ll5). The common bract is larger than the floral bractsand nray be diagnostic, e.g. in -8. confertq, B. utqtrs, B. laetigato and B. sc(tbrella. The last two species are unusualin having awnedcommon bracts,the usual statebeing truncats to shortly conical. The axis itself is hirsute and the common and floral bracts are also densely hirsute. The hairs are varions shadesof ferruginous brown except in,B. lanata, h which they are white; they are straight until the bracts are dissectedout, whereupor they curl markedly. The unit inflorescencesare so arranged on the aris that there are three pattern lines vertical, and both dextral and sinistral spiral (Fig. a9A). ln some species such as -8. prionotes the whole pattern persistsuntil ,or one spiral may predominate,e.g. B. speciosa. In others the vertical pattern becomes dominant, e.g. B. menziesii, B. eric(blia and B. coccineo, while in others again all pattern disappears, e.g. B. integrfulia and B. sphaer- occrpa. Throughout this paper I have used the term inflorcsceircefor the whols structLrle in preference lo conflorescence(Johnson & Briggs, 1975) and synflorescence. The aris produces for most of its length but usually there is an area at the base where common and floral bracts oocur without flowers and often a similar area at the apex. At the base of the axis there are different bracts usually occupying about I cm of the branchlet but sometimes extending farther down. These bracts, here termed the involucral bracts, are typically narrowly linear on thickened bases. They lray be deciduous early or persist until anthesis or fruit formation. Developmert of the inflorescence is typically acropetal, but in two species of the series Quercinae (8. oreophila and B. qttercifolia) and in the whole section Oncostylis (except B. nutans) il is basipetal. Basipetal development in Batlksia rvas first described in detail by Blake (1971), who also discussedother morphological details of the develop- ment of flowers and fruit. The anomalous situation of B. nutqns among the other On- costylis is notablg: since thg inflorescenceis pendulous, the effective sequenceof floral development and opening is the same as in the other species. In most speciesthe development of the inflorescence from emergence of the axis to anthesis takes 2 4 months. In sevsral it takes longer, most noticeably in B. b.lueri (5 6 months) and B. sceptrum (6 7 months). Anthesis along the whole aris of an in- florescencevalies in tirne from a few days, e.g. B. Iittorqlis, B. caleyi, to 2-3 weeks, e.g. B. ptionotes, B. menziesii, The inflorescencemay be termini..lto a main branch, in which position it may or may not have a whorl of lateral branchlets immediately below, or it ma.y be terminal to a small branchlet lateral from older stems. ln the latter caseinflorescences mav occaslon- ally also be ternlinal to the main branch, e,g. in B. grossa, B. baueri. Flowering periods a-relisted in Table 2, column 3. Flower colour. (Table 2, columns 4 and 5). The basic flower colour in Bczk,rla is yellow which occursin various shadesfrom creamto goldenbrown in 42 species. Other colours are ora.nge or orange-brown (ll species),red, purplish-brown and mauve-pink. In the section Orco.rl.yrs the dominant flower colour is often provided by the style. This is also the case in B. coccineqin which the brilliant red comss entirely from the styles, the being greyish. In the series Crocinae a woolly indumentum masks much of the perianth so that the latter providessome colour only when the inner surfaceis partially visible at anthesis;the orange colour here again comes mostly from the styles. Most speciesare consistent in flower colour but some show vadation, e.g. B. baueri (fawn or ferruginous); B. ericifolia (styles orange or red); -8. littorulis yar. seminudq(styles yellow or red); B. menziesii (flowe$ deep red, pink, chocolate or pale yellow); and B. spinulosa (stylesyellow, red or purple-black). Individual pale-floweredplants occur in some species, e.g. B. coccinea, B. praemorsa and, B. ericifolia. The llowers usually turn brown after anthesisbut in some speciesthey simply fade. d HJ C QZ) olpaa (J)S 'l) '''' (l) Dtou!8tDLu CJ'd H r '1 ' ' d .\ s I:I O0 !!zt{ nt (x),{ (at9) DPnulurasre^ o H-t s >I 're^ c. ,\ Hl s :I (VtS) sVr,ro !! s!lonuu .I (It\ D otblpull d tv .{ '' ' d H-V C ) (.09)Dltl\doial d ,\ A ) (.9r)Duutuuoual CI ,( .\ HC) G, Du!r!.tDt (19) Dtouo! d )'N J ) ' d x (git)DaJntDsnl'dsqns ' ' (v;t) D|DE aDl 'dscl11sDtaSt^aol d ACx ' ' .rel' (l .{ H_V S E (JZ) DlaoltnhD (I (gZ) )Ddrun .re^ H-V S E ' CI H-Y g (.vZ) buolu8atu!'re^ Dllofu8atut S 'l c Vd ' (99) Duna! 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Table 2-continued

Species meisnerivar. meisneri(67 A) ...... K F TH Y P var. ascendens(6?8) .... K F TH Y Y P heltziesii(18) ...... S AH R R D micrantha(sg)...... L FTY Y P nutans\ar. nutans(694) .... K F V-A M c P var. cetnuella(698) ...... K FAM c P oblonsifolia (7) .... L UTY Y D occidentalis (5) .... K FA Y R P oreophila(13) ...... K FHM C P ornata(17) ... K F T_H Y Y P paludosa(9) ...... L F T_H Y Y P petiola s (44) ...... K FVY Y P pilorD)lis(29) .... K FVY Y P praemorsa (28) ... K F HV IlV Y P prionotes(23) ...... K U AH o o D pulchella(68) ...... K F T_H Y D quelcifolia(12) .... K FH B Y P rcpens(42) .... L FVC C P tobw (8) .... L F AH Y Y P saxicola (6) ... K UA Y D scabrella(62) ...... K FVc C,N P sceptrum(22)...... K FAY Y P seftata (15) .... E U AT Y Y P solandri(11) ...... ','. K FV M Y P speciosa(.19) ...... K F AT Y P sphaerocarpavar. sphaerocatpa(5'7 ,\) ... L F A_T B Y P var. caesia(578) .... L F A_T Y Y P ''/at. dolichostlila (57C) ... L FTY Y P spinulosa var. spinulosa (494) ... L F TH Y Y,R P var. collina (498) ...... L F TH Y Y,R P var. cunninghamii(49C) .... .,' K U TH Y N P telmatiaea (63) .... K FH B P tricuspis(.55) ...... E F T_H Y Y D wrtitillata (54) .... ?K UA Y Y D ictoriae (24) ...... K FA o o P riolacea(66) ...... K, L FAN N P

Perianth. (Figve 1C) The perianth is actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, the latter appearing in the upper part and the limb which may be turned upwards or downwards before anthesis. The perianth remains tubular at the base where enclosed within the common and floral bracts and is always glabrous here. In the following descriptions the indumentum o[ the outside of the Derianth refers to the Dart distal to this. Before or at anthesis the exserted part of the perianth splits into foui segmentshere termed the c/aws which end in an anther-bearing portion termed the limb, both terms being of long- standing use in the Proteaceae. The claws are narrowly linear to filiform and usually taper upwards. The form and presence or absence of ths indumentum on the claws is consistent in most species. Likewise the size, form and indumentum of the limb is con- sistent. An unusual development is seen in the series Quercinae in which the limb is produced into a filiform terminal awn. Anthers, All four anthers are perfect. They are on short filaments and the connective is produced into a short apiculum. The pollen is deposited on the pollen-presenterjust before anthesis. Hypogynous scqles. Foar sessilescales alternate with the perianth segments. They are narrow, thin and translucent, usually less than 2mm long. The longest are those of B. sceptrum, some 4-5 mm long. The scales are often dificult to distinguish, especially in those speciesin which they adhere to the perianth. '(r ',{poq pue 11 3r4) 8ur.r eqlJo rltpr,^lsowor8 puz ruroJoql ueql pseseqlJo slptep pu" ezrs 'uroJ '1srg 'suoqducsep egt .{g po,rolloJ ue.rl3sr poos€rltr Jo qlSuey11e:e,ro eql oql uI oqor ?aur^eer ',,r0, 'Suluedov rsrel"rrr?us "q,r}#rz";i'#t.Td$:l'dliHfit*'rtX"i]i:1"; uo lllds lou op elclloJ orll so^lel aql qclqa ur sonods osoql ur oldrurs sr 8ur^\ Jo 'seceJ]ns egJ lu€ odrxr os[" eJ? 8ur,r oql Jo urJoJpuE ezrseqJ Jolno pu? 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F w".w lrril,liilllrrilll :lttiltili lrl i,ir! rr.il,r,. '. .':l i,.rlil i Figufe 3. Seedsof Banlcsiaspecies. Each pair is of one species,shorving inner and outer faccs. The scalebelow is in mm. A B.aemula(A.S.George13024). B B. on.tta(4.. S. Georgc13116). C-8. ipe.rord(N ofEsperance, W.A., A. S. George s.n.). D B. canrlolleana(Not rccorded). E-8. sceptrum(A. S. Geolge ll2l7: lateral lobe of wing missing). F-4. rrclolr.re(E of Kalba i, W.A., A. S. Georges.n.). G B. llritrlotes (A. S. Ceorge 14342). H-8. hookerur?lr(Eneabba, W.A., A. S. Georges.n.).

Figure.4. Seedsof Sdrkrraspecies. Eachpairisofone species,showirlg inner and outerfaces. The scale

A B. media (Noi recorded). B B. elderana(SE of Southcrn Cross, W.A., A. S. George s.n.). C B. praenorsa(.L)nknown). D B. pilastflis (Unknown, C. A. Gardnel). E-8. be thanian4(Not recorded). F-8. audax (4. S. Ceorge 14315). C-8. lindlelana (.Bitnu, W.A., E. Humphreyss.n.). H-8. elegans (NearLake Indoon,A. S. Ceolges.n.). lz) Lr6t I I, "M

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Figur'e 5. Seeds ot Banksia spccics- Each pair is of one species, showing inner and outer laces. The scalebelow is in mm, A B. !.a.,r/i/ (A. S. Ccorge 10884). B B. gurdtrcri\^(. breridentata (.4. S. Geotge 104.17). C B. channe- phyton(.4.5. Ccorge 11190). D B. pctiol is (.Not rccolded). E B. lema niuna (Not recorded)- F B. caleli (,W of Ravenslhorpe,W.A., A. S. George s.n.): right-hand secd has lost latcral lobc of wing.

Figur'e6. Seedsof B.rrlL.r/dspecies. Each set is of one species,showing itlner and outer faces. The scale belowis in mm. A B. rccci ea (Unknown, E. Parkin). ts B. lpinulosaver. spinulota(A. S. Ccorge 13051). C B. etici- folh var. ericifolia (4. S. Ceorge 11790). D B. bftr,)nii (N of Albany, W.A., A. S. Geolge s.r.). E B. occidetlteiis(Unknown). l- B. littorulis \ar. littotalis (cingin Bk., W.A., A. S. ceorge s.n.). c B. wrticillata (4. S. George10880). H B. fulanctroi(les(N olPorongurup Ra.,W.A.,A. S. Georgcs.n-). I -8. r/'ic,6pl.r(Near Mt. Lesueur,E. Parkin s.n.). J B. Lun(ota(NE of Brookton, W.A., A. S. ceofge s.n.). lrlll,l,.l:llt, lrtr:lill:l

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,\ B. sphaerocatpa\ar. sphaerocarpa(Will,vung, W.A., A. S. Georges.n.). ts B- gtossa (Not recorded). C B. leptophtlla tA. S. Gcorge7839). D B. incana(Near Mogunber, W.A.. A. S. ceorge s.n.). E-r. violatea(4. S. Ceorge 6083). F B. nrcisn?ti\ar. nt(isnui (A. S. Ceorge I1666). G ll. pulchella (Nat recorded). H lj. niuantha(A. S. George11197J. 'sor.ras '€urSrua loqlo ,{ue q1r,tt sluq J€elc lnoqll{\ u€ sr'DaulJJo) '€r ,{luo Surul?luox 'aoauD)oC e\4I 'aDupo.t) pve aDuo8Utlal 'aDtD.ltso.td's!l&sottt) sorJoseql ur uees s? uorl?rceds qcnlu 01 osrJue^r8 seq sr lselA qlnos eql uI lse,r pue lsee qloq ur se,rlleluese.rderserl IIJIs ll se dpee esore Alqeqotd s4tQsotlt,tpsolres eqJ 'lseiN qlnos eql ur '"rl".l] pedole^ep e^?q qcrq,\\ se^rl"Auep ^lJ"€ eq ["-Lu apueJan1 pue sapLeJDser.res oql lnq -snY uJslsee uJequou ur.,{1uo srncco serJesaql DtDuap g dllercedse'sltue8 eql Pu" (D!$luDg Jo e,rqrrur.rdlsoru eq1 :eodde qJrq,t\ sorcadssur"luoi ara?r{rsJ ayl uorlces eql ul 'urTe.rlsny 'ptvluDg 'snue8qns urelsea pu€ lsai& qlnoS eql qloq uI Jnaxo rof"ur eql suorl 'ui"[d Jo -cesqloq ecurs .roqrEIInN aqt Jo ecue8Jotueeql puB.,{}rpl.r€Jo lesuo eql eJoJeqerl€Jl -snv uJeqtnos ssorc" p€€ldsoplt ,{geslc se,t 1I ,,fu?rllal oql Sutrnp "Jlsllsnv uI potsrxa 'suortrpuoc s" FcrdoJtqns Jo l€crdoJl repun pol?ul8uo e^eq ()1 ,r,r1rrB o,\erleq I 'slltisotltrO pul. aoLllJlloSseues eql sercedsureporu;o esoql e{rl ele "uolJr^ ur slrsodop Jo 'l 'erl"Jl u,\\oJq ulnoll"I oql luo{ se^"el eulos JB tttonua D tr esoqt elquesJJ l"oc 'sercedsJo -sr.ry urelserlA'e8usx -'(pouue) eql tuo{ s}rnJJeqt q8noqlle Sur^rl qcl€ru lou op '(086t 'uouv) 'ueSrnq peqr.rrsepserceds eqt lsot\ Blt"rlsnv u.retsJy'Apu" (9961 pue Jo 'urnqlculg uoslooJ) €uot.r^ ruo{ u.rou{ ore }In{ (9461 puB :096I 'ur8rnq llssol leqdolsr.rqC pur uoslooJ) "rl€llsnv Sorpnlcur lnq erl"Jlsnv uralsel& ]docxo sal"ls l€llueJ 'urlr€t{) II€ rrr pegDuepr ue€q e^"q Dlvluog o! elq"reJer so^eel lrssol (816I euecoo"l?d eql s" IcEq .reJ s" "li€.rlsnv ur pJpJoJJJ u:Jq sEq uJllod e{rftllvlutlg Jo Dlyluttg uo.qnlo^f,

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Figure 10. Barfrlr seedlingsjust after germjnatjon. *-B :"rf:r,: var. confcrr,LrClasshouse.i4ts., QId., A. S. George s.n.). B-8. speciosa(Esperance, w.A.. A._S.ceorge s.n.):upper still has seed-coatenclosing cotyledons. C_8. scepikti (A. S. G-eorge11217). .D-8. pionotes (A. S. George 14342). E-8. gardn"i vat. brcfidentata(4. S. Georee ( 10447)..f B. lemanaianuFjl,,_gerald R.. $.A.. A. S. Ceorgi s.n.). C B. ,iolafta tf"enup Cf- Y.,C.;A. 5. Ueorges n-):lront lell nlanl \rill has\eed-coaLand\ring. H B.iftanatA.S.CeorgelllgJJ: flgnr-nan0seeolng )ttI na\ seecl-coaland \{tng. '(useirooC 'g '(LWOI S V'V,\,\'U plEre8zlrC)Duoluuorual H e8roeD'S'y) Dtblatpt^aq'Je^ tDapn8'g-D (tzltt e8rooC slttQsold'g 'UIZII o8roeD Lutuiars g '(Zvttl S V) 'iV/AJ 'rnonso'I'tWJoS V) A e8ros9 S V) r4ruorrl g-d (uso8ro6C S V l )oto uauD S-J (200€I 'Broa9 S V) DlloluSatu! rE^ ollol 3atu1 €. { (0S0[I o8roo9 S y) llwttq8aluaD r!-^ osoltiulds g-v 's6A?61 lsru qtr^\ sBrrllp6es,J.s?rr€, [I eln8tC

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.C Fig]ure12. Banksia seedlingswith first leaves. A, B. sert.lta(A.5.George 11792). B,.grd,idls(Spearwood,w.A.,A.S.Georges.n.). C B.micrcntha (A. S. George 1119?). D B. leptoph! a (4. S. Ceorge 10375). E B. littorulis \ar. seminuda(4.. S. George11654).

Figure13. '(us 'v 'lot€puEl) '(Z60II 'S'V) agroaD S V ?'t\ nlloJpll! 8 D e8rooD I.rpaDtosg-J (ozttl e8roaD otDnuauD (lzt€l eSloo5 sl,ttsoltd'g (use8roo9 S'V) [r f ' S 'SLrrirllsV) C S V'VlA'lo{epu€I) !$alzuaa'g ) (use8roeC'S V V ,4A qtnos)/./atr.rg €. g (u^{ou1un)qt4doatu'g-V 'urJ ur rlrJs sSurlprosrr,lrrg fl ornSr{

'e8ro3D ?'l.f)rrB, s v 264 NuyisiaVol. 3 (3) l98l

Figlrre14. Barft:rdseedlings. Scale in cn]. A-8. cancloleana(A. S. Ceorgc1140'/). B B. sceptrum(A. S. Ceorge11217J. C B. vicluiae\E cf Kalbarri,W.A., A. S.George s.n.). D-8. caleyi(\N of Ravenslhorpc,W.A., A. S. Geolges.n.). E B. dryan.ltoides(Albany district, W.A., A. S. Georges.n.). F B. lbtaralis\^r. remhrdd(A. S. George 11654).

Section Orcoslll/s the hooked-style species must have developed fairly eally, certainly before the onset of aridity in the Nullarbor Plain which isolated the South West of Ar.rstralia. Within the section, the Spicigerae is probably the oldest series but seyeral of its taxa may be rclatively recent, in particular B. ericiJblia (both varieties), B. spinulosa var. cunninghamii and B. Iittoralis var. seminutla, The seriesDryandroideoe and Abietiuqe are probably derived from early membersof the seriesSplcqqerae which becameestablished in the South Wsst. In particular, the Abietinqe has speciated markedly but in general has remaineda closely-knitseries. The subgenus 1so.r1rlrsprobably diverged early frott a Salicinae-like form but has some advanced foatures such as the closelv reticulate venation. abbreviated inflorescence and beaked open follicles. The possible reasonsfor the prolific speciation in the flora of the South West of West- ern Australia has beenwell analysedby Hopper (1979). '( 'V 'Surlrrts u s e8roeD S V ,4{ qtnos) D anua n^ sabua A.-g (6€8/ efroeD S V) D ,(qd -otdat 'g (18€6eSJooD DtunoDDqds re^ Ddto.oraoydsg (6809 e8toeD'S'V) D Dlo!^ 'S-J 'U6II\A S'V) ' C 'rnense'I 't!A) 'g-V 63rooD S v) D4nltDtut g-6 (uMouIun lloc v lA sldstDlrl 'urJ urrlers s8urlpoJsD./,lrrg Sl rrnSrl I I a L I' I

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Dtsluog 'e8roefJ 'S'V 265 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

Table 3 lists character-statesconsidered primitive or derived. These conclusions are basedpartly on thosc of Johnsonand Briggs (1975)and pa-rtlyon a subjectiveassess- ment.

Table 3 Prinrilivevs. derived characler-states in the genusiarl.r/r.

Character Primiiive Derived

Habit Tree Fire-tolerant Fire-sensilive Leaves Spiral or scattered Whorled Flat Margin revolute Dentale.... Enrifeor pinnatisect Lateral venation of leaves Openly reticulate with fine Closely reticulatewith srnali, nerves and shallow, wide pit likc lacunae lacunae lnnorescence Terminallo mainbranchlet ... At node or on lateral braDchlel Flower colour Yellow ... Other Pistil Straight or gently curved Hooked at apex Pollcnpresenter .... Sn]all,narrow Largef, nrodified Follicle dehiscence Spontaneous Folliclevalves ...... Not split fronl slylar point .. Split leavinga lateralbeak Seed Without iaterallobe to wing With lateral lobe 10 wing Flowering period Summer-autumn Winter-spring

BANKSIA L.f. Proteaceae SLrbfamilyGrevilieoideae Engl- in Englerand Pr.rntl, Nat. Pflanzenfan. 3, l: l2B(18E8). TribeBanksieac Reichb.. Consp.82 (1828). SubtribeBanksiinae L. Johnson& B. Bfiggs,Bot. J. Linn.Soc.70, 2: 174(1975). BanksiaL. f., Suppl.15 (Oct. l78l), nomen conseflandum (SpragLre, 1940). Lectotypespecies: L. 1.(Sprague, 1940). Sdrtrd Corhenius,Disp-. 6 ( I 790)-orihograph ic variantBanksia L. l. non Bunktia Forster& ForsterI., Char. Gen. Pl. 7 (.1776).nom. rcj. PimeleaBanks & Solanderex Gaertner(Thvmelaelceae). necBanksea Koenig, in Retz.Observ. Bot. 3: 63 ("75") (1783) CdJIr.rRetz. (Zingiberaceae). necB.r,rkrL? Bruce, Trav. 73 (1790), (es Bdr?/.e.!tu, corrected to Bqnksiain It.22,23) HageniaJ.F.C:foelin, l79l (Rosaceae). necBarlrsra Dombey ex DC.,Prodr. 3: 83 (1828),nomen nudun OrpredP.Br. (Lythraceae). rrsrllr (R.Br.)Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. l0:,+02 (March l84l). Sitm alleraKurlze, Rev.Gen. Pl. 2: 581(Nov. 1891). S/rrr.rl]swith or without lignotubers, or /rees with fire-tolerant or fire-sensitive trunks BrunchletstonTenlose, hirsute or glabrous,with or without lenticeJs;prophylls often present on lower parl. Lcalcs spirally arranged,scattercd or whorled, petiolateor sessil.^,cori- aceous,dorsiventral: entire, dentate, lobed or pinnatisect;lnargins flat, recurvedor revol- ute; upper surfacewhen maturc smooth, rarely scabrous;lower surfacereticulate, with woolly lacunae between the reticulu;r]. InJlorescenceterminal to a recent branchlet, or at the apex of a previousincrement, or on a short lateral branchletfrom an older stem: cylindrica!or spherical;axis woody, elongatedto ovoid; an involucre of bracts at basc. persistentor dcciduous;flowers in the inflorescenceusually about 200 to 3 000, in sessile pairs (unit inflorescences)arrangcd in vertical rows and with both left- and right-handed spiral pirttcrn; unit inflorescence2-flowered, subtended by two floral and one comnron bracl. Perienth linear, actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, the claws straight or slightly curved, linb straight or turned upwards or downwards; limb and claws sep- arating at anthesis cxcept for tube cnclosed by bracts. Anthers all pe{ect. Hypogynous .rcales 4, alternate with porianth claws, small, melrbranous, translucent. PLltll terete, slender,straight, bowed or strongly curved below pollen-presenter,rarely sigmoid; oftcn I

(6-l sou) sorcsos6 rouss€t\LaEu!JIIES seues I Bls{usg uorlces Bls{uBg snue8qns :s,rolloJse pel?lnq?lsr uorl?cglsselc slql souos pu" suorlcoso,rl olur peurss?lcrerllJnJ Sureq sertrads Jeqlo eql'serceds Zl '€.reue8qns 69 o,r1 sur?luoc ( JB tI ,rrft,rory) qc[[,r Jo euo o^\t olur pephrp sr snue8 eql I I 'spuelsl 'J''l rlrv eqt ol sturoderluor reddn le r' orrv D^Iubg snuo8aql Jo Lrortnclr.rtsrcl 9l e.LnSrJ J : ll q I -I 1r S) ri^. ,' I. -! -

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'9 31.{ul ue,^18sr snue8eq1 'lleL, t '€eulnD 3o uorlnqulsrp u,rou{ lelot eqJ spu?lsl nJy eqt pue t,{t1 uetrl ,ueN-"nd"d ol spuelxepu€ €lleJlsnv l?cldoJl ssoJc"srno3o cuo putt'putlsueenf qlJou pu€ "ru"usel ot ("ll€ltsnv qtnos) ?Jnsurueder{E Luo.U?ll?llsnv uJels?auI .rncco : suotSal,{q.lsou 'selceds€l pu" srl?rlsnv ulelselA tssi[ q]nos ol JILuePueelE /9 qcrq,uJo euo--,{1ue,\es '(916t 's33ug T uosuqot) lI : v:Dqwnu awosowo.tq) 'elrsoddose,leel Surlpees o,$1 lsrIC el€lncltne'e]€ut8lEluesoLLrlleLuos'el?eunc ro ol€^oqo 'll?cld€ suopalrlloT psos eql ()1 ezrs pue 3d"qs uI .r€llurls 's8ul'{\ ollsodd" o,{\l qll{\ elsld 'snoo3?lsnrc psuolrrrll ,{lsnorr"a € speesuee,\\}oq toto.todas eqol l"Jel"l Ileus " qtt,\\ .ro '8ul,r 'e1e,toqo olrtue 3ur,r eql slrou€]quletu I"uItuJa] ? qlli'\ I?s?q -,{poq peas eq1 7raa5 'esnlqo 'peuosxo pue pe8reluedlsnot.r"^',{poo,\\ selcrlloJ :po}"Jnpul slJtlq lErog pu" ',{poo,\\ 'Z uorurrloc :selcllloJ ,{ueur o1 ,teg Jo atuatsaJtnt/itJ perlc€}l? ,{llslol?l soln^o :J?lrcofl 'll?rus -{re^ 'ellsses t.tD^O eeJB € ec"Jrns clleru8lls eql dl3.l"J leJel"l ll?rus 'el"utq.rn} 'enbrlqo ro 'llBurs ,'{JoAo^oolS cu"ul8tls :el?lsoo ,{1eugseruqeutos Jo -ss0s 'rujoJrsnJleulru]el 'lceJe l?cruoc ,(I,\\o.u"u ol paSr?luedlecJ"cs pu" ll?tus ,{JeA .relueseJd-ue1lodl,4rt,t suoIl 'o8rooC asrlrrB' S V l86T 268 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

SeriesGrandes A. S. Georgc 2 species(nos. l0 I l) SeriesQuercinae Meissner 3 species(nos. 12-14) SeriesOrthostylis (Benth.) A. S. Ceorgs 8 species(nos. l5-22) SedesCrocinae A. S. George4 species(nos. 23 26) SeriesCyrtostylis (Benth.) A. S. George l2 species(nos. 27 38) SeriesProstratae A. S. George6 species(nos. 39 44) SeriesTetragonae A. S. George3 species(nos. 45-47) SeriesCoccineae A. S. George I species(no. 48) Section Oncostylis Benth. ScriesSpicigerae A. S. George7 species(nos. 49 55) SeriesDryandroideae Meissner I species(no. 56) SeriesAbietinae Meissner l3 species(nos. 57 69) SubgenusIsostylis R.Br. 2 species(nos. 70 7l)

Key to the infrageneric taxa of Banksia

la. Infloresccnccof less than 100 florvers,very short and appearingcapitate; axis lessthan I crn long; valves of follicles obliqucJyovoid subgenusIsostylis R.Br. b. lnflorescenceof about 200 to 3 000 flowers,cylindrical, ovoid or spherical; axis I 30 cm long; valvesof folliclessemi-elliptic to scmicircular or oblong, rarely obliqucly ovoid (subgenusBanksia) 2 2a. Pistil below lrpex strlright or sometimesgently clrrved or sigmoid; develop- ment of inllorcscencer.rsually acropetal; Ieaves usually flat with the margins often recurvcd, lowcr surface finely reticulate (section Banksia) 3 b. Pistit below apex markedly hooked; developmentof inllorcscanceusually basi-petal;leavcs usually lincar rvith revolutemargins, lower surfacesopenJy reticulate(Section Orcostylis (Benth.) A. S. Georgc) ... I I 3a. prost rrLtc seriesProstratae A. S. George b. PlJntscrecl or ascending 4 4a. Inllorescencepenclulous; perianth quite straight bcfore anthesis,the linrb promineltly quadrangular,not rclaxcd immediately at anthesis;pistil not laterallyexscrted before anthesis . .. sedesTetragonae A. S. Geolge o. lnllorcscenceerect, rarely pendulons; perianth usually gently curved, thc limb terete or somewhat quadrangular,relaxed at anthesis;pistil laterally exsertedbefore anthesis, the limb usuallyturned uprvards 5 5a. Pcrianth arrned seriesQuercinae A. S. George b. Periunth not lwned 6 6a. Inflorescenceshort: flowers in prominent vertical rows at anthesis;pistil scarlet; pollen-presenternarrowly conical; folJicles6 8 mm long; leaves broadly oblong to obcordate scricsCoccineae A. S. George b. Inflorescenceusually cylindrical to ovoid: vertical arrangementof flowers usually obscurea1 anthesis;pollen-presenter fusiform, linear, rarely shortly conical; follicles I 6 cm long; leaveslinear, oblong or narowly obovate .... 7 '7a. Follicles without a lateral beak after opening; pollen-presenter linear, small 8 b. Follicles with lateral beak aftcr opening; pollen-presenter fusiform, shortly conical 9 64. Leavesusually lessthatr 20 cm long and 4 cm wide, entire to serrate;seeds obovatc, usuallyless than 20 mn1 long, oftel with small beak at stylar point seriesSalicinae Meissner b. Leavesusually 15-45 cm long, 4 12 cm wide, deeplytriangular-lobed ; seeds cuneate, 20 38 mm long, not beaked seriesGrandes A. S. George 9a. Perianthand pistil bright orange . .. seriesCrocinae A. S. George l0 f

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15a. Florvers opening from base uprvards, inflorescencependulous 16 b. Flowers openingfrom apexdown, jnflorescenceerect ... 1.7 l6a. Perianth25-33 mm long; follicles 15-30mrn long, stronglyrugose 69,4.B. nutansR.Br. var. nutans b. Perianth23-25 mm long; folliclcs8-15 mn long, smooth to slightlywrinkled 698. B. nutansvar. cernuellaA. S. Gcorge 17a. Leavesscitbrous 62. B. scabrellaA. S. Georse b. Lcavessmooth i8 lSa. Perianthglabrous inside 19 b. Perianthpubescert inside .. . 23 19a. Perianth 17-25mm long; pollcn-prcsentcrovoid 20 b. Perianth8-10 mm lorg; pollen-presenterturbinate 21 20a. Lcaves0 5 mm broad;perianth limb pubcsccntall over;follicle valvesvith enlarged,thin ridge ...... 64. B. IaricinaC. Gardner b. Leaves l-2 mm broad; perianth limb nostly glabroLrs;follicles broad, L flattened 65. B. incana A. S. George 21a. Branchletsgiabrous cxccpt whcn very young; perianthssoon deciduous 68. B. nulchella R.Br. br. Branchletstomentose; perianths persistent fol someyears .. ZZ Leaves reflexed, 3-7 mm long 67,4. B. meisneri Lehm. var. meisneri b. Leaveserect or spreading,5-12 mm long 678. B. meisneri var. ascendensA. S. Gcorge 23a. Pistil 50-65 mm long 5'lC. B. sphaerocarpavar. dolichostyla A. S. George b. Pistil 19-45 mm lorg 24 24a. Perianth 22-25 mm long .. 25 b. Perianth30-45 mm long 27 25r. Common bracts ?-8 mn long; pelianth limb 4 mm long; follicles 4-7 mn.r wide, ereot, hirsute 63. B. telmatiaea A. S. George b. Comnon bracts2 5-4 mm long;perianth limb 2-3 mrr long;follicles8-23 mm \.vide,+ flattcncd,closely pubcsccnt bccoming glabrous 26 26a. Florverspale yellow; Iimb almostglabrous; follicles not viscid 58. B. micranthaA. S. Gcorge b. Florversgreenish-violet ; limb pubescentthroughout; follicles + viscid 66. ts. violacea C. Gardner 27r. Commonbr':rct' rvhite 61. B. lanataA. S. George b. Commonblact. ferruginorrs 28r. Leare: l 8-2 8 rnnrbrord 59. B. grossaA. S. George b. Lcavesl-l .5 mm broad (rarely broader) 29 29a. Branchletstomentose; leaves soft; common bracts7-10 mn long; perianth limb 5-6 mm long; follicles7-14 rrm wide, valvesf smooth but hirsute 60. B. leptophyllaA. S. George b. Branchletspubescelrt but soon glabrous; leaves + stiff, pungent; common bracts 6-7 mm long; perianth limb 3-4 mm long; follicles10-25 mnr rvide, transverselyshouidered, hirsute becoming glabrous 30 30a. Leavesgrcen or slightlyglauco Lrs ; follicles1 5-30 mm long, 15-25mnwidc 57A. B. sphaerocarpaR. Br. var. sphaerocarpa b. Leavesglaucous; follicles l0-15 mm long, 10-15tr-tm $'ide 57B. B. sphaerocarpavat. caesiaA. S. George 3la. Axis compresseed-ovoid,5-30 nn long . . 32 b. Axis elongate,usually ovcr 3 cm long .. 34 32a. Leavesobovate-cuneate, acutcly dentate, green; inflorescence headlikc 33 b. Leavesbroadly linear, regularlylobed, 15-30cm long, glaucous;inftorescence compresscd-or o id ... . 38. B. elegansMeissner -l

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52a. Stylehirsute ...... 29.B. pilostylisC. Gardner b. Styleglabrous 53 53a. Leaves(3) 4-10 cm wide ...... 54 b. Leaves usually less than 3 cnr rvide 60 54a. Leaves shortly dentate rvith many teeth .... 55 b. Leaves with largc triangular lobes 5'1 55a. Leavesobovate-orbicular, 3 6 cm long; perianth 20 25 nn 1ong, villous; style scarlet;follicles 1-3 mnr high .... 48. B. coccineaR.Br. b. Leavesobovate-oblong, 9-25 cm long; perianth 25 30 mm long, silky-pub- escert; styleyellow; follicles3 8 mm high 56 56a. Leaves very ul]dulate, white-tomcntosebelorv, dentation ! irregular, 5 10 mn long, lbllicles 5 8 mm high, opening within a year; tropical species l. B. dentata L.f. b. Lcaves + Ilat, pale grcen-tomeltose below, dentation l rcgular, 2 3 mI long, vcnation rcgular; follioles 3 5 rlm high, remaining closedfor several ycars; Atherton-Sydney 8. B. robur Cav. 57a. lobes rounded; periarth brorvn-purple,hirsutc; Stirliog Range 11. B. solanilriR.Br. b. Lcaf lobesangular; perianthpalc yellorvaod pubescent,or orangcand villous 58 5Ea. Leaf lobes 4-7 pcr side; inflorescencerounded, axis 4-5 cm long 20. B. baxteri R.Br. b. Lcaf lobes 8-20 per sidc: inflorcscenoeoblong, axis l0 30 cn long ...... 59 59a. Leaves6 l0cmrvide, lobes8-l2 ; perianthpale ycllorv,linrb glabrous; fo llicles scarcely exserted from massive cone, old florvers decidLtor-rs 10. B. grandis Willd. b. Lea.ves3 ,1 cn rvide, lobes 16 20; pedanth orange, villous throughout; folliclcscxserted but hiddcn within persjstertold flowers 24. B. victoriaeMeissner 60a. Perianthwhitc-villor-rs, orangc inside; styleorange 61 b. Perianth pubescentor hirsulc, or if villous tbeo rot white; style variously coloured 64 6la. Leares6 l0 mm u idc ... 25.B. hookeranaMeissner b. Leare:1 5 I cnr $idL' 62 62a. Leaves shofily dentate, teeth l-2 mnl long 26. B, burdettiiE. G. Baker b. Leavestriangular-lobed, lobes 2 l5 mm long 63 63a. Nelv leavesand involucral bracts very woolly; leaf Iobcs10 15 mm long; old flowers persistelt in fi'uit 24. B. victoriae Meissner b. New leavesand involLrcralbracts pubcsoelt-hirsute ; leaf lobes2-5 nrm long; old flowers dcciduous 23. B. prionotes Lindley b4a. Leavesusually entire 65 b. Lcavesusually dentate or lobed 7l 65a. Leaveslinear to lanceolate,scattered 66 b. Leayeselliptic to obovate,in whorls 68 66a. Lcilvespllngent, 2 4 cm long; follicles denselytomentosc, remailing closed for somc years 5. B. caneiJ. H. Willis b. Leavesacute to trulcate, 3 20 cm long; folliclesclosely tonentose or loosely hirsute,usually openilg whel] nature 6'7 67a. Leaves narrorv-elliptic, 10-20 crl long, acute; pcrianth 25-29 mm long; Torvnsvilleto Cooktown ...... 2C. B. intcgrifoliavar. aquiloniaA. S. George b. Leaveslincirr or oblong 3 6 cm long, obtuseor truncate; periaoth 17 19 mn lorg; S.A., Vic., Tas., N.S.W. 4. B. marginataCav. 68a. Involucral bracts l0 20 mm long; perianthspersistent in fruit; follicles 2-5 mm high, 3 5 rrm thick, remaining closedfor severalyears; SE Qld. 3'A. B. conferta A. S. George var. conferta b. lnvoh.rcralbracls 2-10 mm long; perianthsearly deciduous;folliclcs 3 8 mm high ... 69 --T

l '^":) elnsrlq ^luoqs qlu"lreo BIIoJFuolqo'{', 'q :olellcruod slc?Jq uouuloc :esolueuol dlesolc SulumuroJ sloFlcu"Jg 6\ lou . e8roeg 'g ;y e1e111cruadJ"A aueJuoJ'{ g€ luecseqnd r(1eso1cqluztred '€98 El :el€IlrcJuedslc€Jg uouruoc : J?e-,{" ulqlr.{\ snolq?13Suluocoq elnsrlq slelqcuslg Suol ruru gZ-tZ qlu?IJod 'q 98'rfl 'g '6 ' 'e98 )I Esopnpal 3uo1luru 0Z-9I qlu?lrad 'Suolqo-,&ou"u 'q pEoJq 1uc u?ql sset'3uo1 u.rc z otrr"eu[ s0^?0f ,g t '3uo1 9 '"t8 Sg p"orq luo 7 1 ruc 0l t'Suolqo ol e}?^oqo-ao ?u sa^"a'I ' sorcedsurolsea :1"Uelrnb sul8reru 'q 88 ' 3ee1 t8 sercedsurols"e :pa^JnceJsu€rtru gzel egg L9 'rg slnluos '{ '9I lI 'oleurqJnl SJI Suol LuruI .rolueseJd-uellod:epl,\\ ruc Z-E.I ,{11ensnse,teel q 'I slErras'fl 's J- I 89 Suol rutu JeluaseJd-uollod:epl!\ rua?-Z ^ll?nsnse^se-l ?28 €-Z','\\oJ.I?u 99 pld salcltloJ:luolsrsred Zg seJ ol :.,(eJ3,{Fe^e IL ',rolle,{ 'e}",\oqo 01 cudlllo-,{\ou€use^"e-I q et?d sJe,,\\ou:ped"qs-A sesnuls 99 '.rg '{ :pellloru selcrlloJ:snonplcop '(u^\orq ro d Rsalzuour 81 Y ,ld. '8rlolqo '?I8 ,t\otle.(^lo]€J) {uld-qsrppeJ sre.'\\ou :ped?qs-Il .,dol"qs sesnuls se^?01 3uo1ruc (Sl) Sl Ot se^?o-I q lg '.q '{ JoussretrNxe llontr^tr alEuro ,I cIA uJolse,\\'Y S :8uol ulc (0T)8 t se^eo-l ?08 'q oso8nr lou solcllloJ :elnsrq ro luocseqnd qulll qlu?IJed E9 08'rg '{ '/z .T6L lI EJpauI esoSm :l: selillloJ :snorg"l3 qtull qtu"Ired 'q ruru 9z-91 qlullrred z9 e8 luol 'B8L JEI buol luur st 0€ lllu"ued 6L v9 JJUssrJl{suEEJlJ'B 8[ Suol 'q8rq lutrl selcITIoJ: sro.Iq?I8 qUIIJ'Auol rum rllu"Ired 'q ruru 0Z-ZI 8t-Zl €t-Zt I9 reussrelr'{EuEallopuDc'g 3uo[ urur 'q8rq Iz 'ELL .Iel 9t-SZ ruur0g-gg se1cr11o; !lnoq8noJql luecseqnd'8uol ruru 8I-91 qluelJed 'q ,reJselcllloJ :,\\olle,{ sra,\\ou l3uol ruc 67 slxe :eprt ruc ,. I-l se^ee'I 'pl LL 'c 'a ro{eg qqss'fl zt selct1lo1:e8u"]o sJ3,\\og:8uol luc su? :epl'r\ruc sa^ee'I .E9L fuzur AI-, t-Z 69 's 'rg roupreD J IIzluFI 9€ rsnolll^ 'q ssorJ urolllnos Jo gS puE E :guol u[u 6t-tt ,{l oqs qlu"ued JeuPreD'J suslur8r$uaq'{ tg 'luecsoqnd-.{{lls 'es 89 ?[ny o1e.&e11n141 :auol ruru 9Z ZZ qlu?Iled L -rg s,\\Elcuo ]s?eJlB 9L 'q r{lu€ued :sssnurs pedeqs-n :Io -A qll{\ relnSuetrl soqol 'Ae luacseqnd--,(11ts J?e'I 'EI quprur ot le1e:ed sesnurs,\\oll?qs ,(q pelertdes soqol J"e'I L 9L 'q Suol ruru gE 9I qlueuod :leu su]8.r€luJ?o'I 'rg '{ '61 ' ' 'EEL BsolJads ?uol rulu 0t qlu€ued :pe^ln33j ,{l8uoJls su€lsru J€e'I l1 lI 'q lcJre eJuJcs:loguI EL 'g '87,1 el€J ]3 llonhtrg EuErJpla /t snolnpuedecuecsorogsl Suolrxc (8I) se^se-I'q 99 8t ' SI Z '21L 7L 3uo1ruc 0t-02 (SI) se^Bs-l 'q7 'rg ,(elrefl (.Jg rutluor ':e,t e11o;F8a1u1'g U) 'al?lnpun '8uol e,roqe Suurqs -,{ll"nsll + ruc 0Z OI se^"el q ugo;.r.r8a1u1rz,t e11ogy3e1u1'g yg L9 ; 1 '3uol 'r?01 e,toqe uoor8 llnp ^ll€nsn'lBU + IUc 0I ' se^30-J 99 ,{€lttl^I o} JUJnoqleW'pt-'a:ds:pr,t:JpI^\urru 9.I S.0 09 OL 'slsoqlu" 'q dll Jo .I"e{ ? ulgll.'!1 Suluedo selcllloJ :8uol urur SZ-ZZ qlu"ued v9 'S suoslll\ pue su€Idtu?JD :opl^{ ruru eBJoeD V €IoJIxss'{ 9 ,{roluoruo]d '869 t9 t-Z dll'sJ€e-,(ler?^as JoJ pesolc Suul?ruer selclltoJ :3uol ultrl ZZ 6I qlu?IJod J0ul oEZaDg'e8Joag 'S'V I86I 274 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981

87a. Leavespungent; perianthsdeciduous; follicles remainingclosed for several years .... 5. B. caneiJ. H. Willis b. Leavestruncate to acute;perianths persistent; follicles usually opening within a year of anthesis 4. B. marginataCav, 88a. Leaves2-6 cm long; peianth 2023 mm long .... 34. B. audaxC. Gardner b. Leaves8-i5 (18) cm long; pe anlh 2225 mm long 89 89a, Inflorescenceoblong; common bracts truncate; perianth orange, shortly and closelypubescent; Mullewa to Kulja 33. A. benthamianaC. Gardner b, Inflorescencespherical; common bracts awned; perianth creamy grey or yellow and brown, hirsuteat leaston claws;ParkerRange to FitzgeraldRiver 90 90a. Perianthpubescent throughout, cream-grey 35A. B. laevigataMeissner subsp. laevigata b. Perianthlimb glabrous,golden; claws pubescent, ferruginous 35B.B. laevigatasubsp. fuscolutea A. S. George SubgenusBanksia Banksiaeyerae R.Br.. Prod. (1810). Pub(nk:i! P\dL,-gtpn. Plant. Suppl. 4, 2: 88 (1847).-Section Eubanksia (Endt.) Meissner in DC., Prodr. 14:452 (1856). - Inforescencecylindrical, ovoid or spherical;axis elongated,l-30 cm long. valves of_folliclesusually semi-elliptic,semi-circular or oblong, often slightly enlargedon stylar side,but rarely (in B. elegans)obliquely ovoid. Sixty-ninespecies in 2 sections. SectionBanksia Leavesflat, rarely canaliculate,or the marginsoften + recurved,the lower surface finelyreticulate between main lateral neNes, the reticulumin matureleaves usually glabrous. Developmentof inflorescenceusually acropetal. Pirli/ straight or sometimeJcurved, kinked or sigmoidnear apex,never booked,- Folliclesoften with lateral beak after ooen- ing. Cotyledonsbroadly obovateto cuneate,sometimes emarginate or crenulate. Forty-eightspecies in 9 series. SeriesSalicinae Meissner in DC.. Prod. 14:.454(1856. Shrubsor trceswilh or without lignotubersor fire-toleranttrunks. Ieayes whorled or,scattered,entire or dentate,glabrous above when mature, white-tomentosebelow. Infloresc,mcecylindrical; buds usually losing all pattern beiore anthesis. Involuoal bractsslender, closely tomentose t_o villous, deiiduoui or persistent. periqnth + straighl closely pubescentto hirsute, pale yellow, sometimesferruginous or greenish. p/irfl straightor slighdy c-urved;pollen-presenter scarcely thickened,0.5-I mmlong. Follicles mostly small,smooth, tomentose, without lateralbeak after opening. Cotyled6nsobovale. Typespecies: L.f. (lecto.nov.). .Thisseries contains 9 species.vjz. B. caneiJ. H. Willis, B. confertqA. S. Ceorse. B. dentataL.1.. B. inregrifoliaL.1...8. ma.rginataCav.- B. oblongifoliaCav., B. paludisa R.Br., -8. robur Cay. and B. saxicolaA. S. Ceorge. It is confiied to easterndustratia, with B. dentqtaextending to Papua.-NewGuinea_, Irian Jayaand the Aru Islands. Mosi ot the.specres are very similar.toeach other morphologically,differing mainly in the leaves and.therr ?-rrangementand in details of the inflorescence,flowers and follicles. Two specieswhich^stand farther apart are B. robur in its very laige leavesand greenish-yellow flowersand R. patudosoin its narow inflorescenceswith widely_spacedpale ferrulinous nowers. _ Apart from B. dentataand to a lessextent B. robur, the speciesare highly variable. They appear.tobe. actively speci_aring to occupydifferent nicires in the ri'any habitats ava able rn the_reglon. One of these,B. canei,has beenrecently named, and four other taxa,are named in this paper. two as_species and two as varieties. The divergenceof the drsJunctpoputations of B. caneihas_ been discussedby Salkin and Hallari (197g). In spite of this cunent evolution I considerthe salicinqet6 be the most primitive seri6s I

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l)-fl f:i:q:i{[7"]i{i'l!i[,x'"1T1,":J]t:1,"11,'fl:i,:^ll,,rulil*rulc*$l,lil;mm wrdewtth commonbracts. bearing flouers except for l_2 im at base. lnl v,olucralbra.s narrowrytriangurar to suburaietrom thictinJ-tases, qensery 2-r0 ,nn.'toon- tomeDtose.pale bro$n. persistentuntil fruit. commonbra(ts verv narrow"l, j1t-...- 7 mm long.densely fuisute. the exsertedaper thickenedand-a""r'.fv pale91", 9 friir"iJ, orown, narrowed to an acute, upturned, white_tomentosepoint. Floial bracti similar,but 6.rnm.long. nauow€r, the eisertedip"x s-uttei, oti" "6. Flow"rs "r"u- pafeye perianth io ow,.rnctudrng_slytes. 25.32mm longincluding Jimb of 5 mm: claws i:;_.-ilfi.#$:X?i.'"",,'"'f,'j'"! lii:ll?fiiiill $:ll.'f'"eliJff::i;Tl;:::#,,'?",11.;1*: ?f_rt::d:blrri,:outside.glabrousinside.,Antheis_U'*,nlong.prominenttyapicutate.trnear--obJong. !ipogynoust-s(ates, -|. l mm long.the ape\ obtusebut 1 irregulai. pulrl ii.L"",ii'."1'; *,:;l:,Hl.iyt,f,l!Ji,ffi ilxi?ifl ,Tixlli;'Jljj#1,'#11.,l; ""Tl,r_:"-ify^,r,1grgyn-p_-apillose rirouoa',3:!itT ipii,itrr ; i.tv h;;;'";;;" stde. rnJiuctescence .iu;{,t"'T';ii"'il$:'[:T8'l]ffnf i*i1T",.. iff'1'l::: ",['Ji'*;i:li,'"X,J smooth.velutinous ro hirsure.pare ^gieen^becom ing'pa Ie bro*n. tt " ti"ii. *Lii"g'"n'*ii rilifi:r*ffif 'xl}i1iil"* +,1#rf'*i*ru *ryr**"lt"#*s sideI straightiitt un oti,iseu"uk ai rhe opposrre::l:ii::,^8:i.ii91.lh:,'lvtqt stvlaipoint, sroeconvex wtth the wing somewhatdecuffent, base obtuse to acute,the'innei surfacebrown and creammottled-or a1l dark brown, "rit* ,"ri"." sfightfyrugose, brown: wing !iey_ t.l-14 mm wide. dark brown insiJe.pufe liey_trl-r.in ourside. SeDatator similarro seed i n ourrinebur wirhour beak ar styrar pdint, ii-1r-.r i""J.'l'i-is .,i,'iir!, brown. Jrfi

Figure 18, Distributjon of Banksiatlenrata. -1

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'e8looD ,?sr/rrB' S V 186r( NLrytsiaVol.3 (3)1981

E Fjgnfe 19. Ba]tlcsiaintegrifolid. A and B B. integrifolia \a1..aquilo ia A_Habit, :: 10 m tall. B Bark (N of Cardwell,Qld.). CandD -8. integrifalia\ar. conpar C Habit, + 7mta . D BaIk (S of CladstoDe, Qld.). E and F-8. integrifalia \ar. itltagifolia E Habit, - 15m ralt. F-Bark (BatemansBay, N.S.W.). -1

'.todluoJ'.r?A -xo sr Joll?l eql pu€ 1r ueeuleq dSoloqdrou ur el"rpeurJalur suorleJndod {: 1. oJ" eJerll pla) urels€e rllnos prl" IN S N urequou ur lnq e8u".r sl] Jo lsoru JeAo lu"lsuoc f,IrreJs DtloluBarul 'r"^ eql 'red"d sql ur pesruSocer,(ll"ru.roJ e.rEserlerJ"A eerrll sercrTroJrl"rus:eprsur snorqer' ^tt"'i'1il?'t;^""ri:r':.lt'i,'#t"1rff]li"'rT#..i:fi T,:1'#: sqluBusd :seJueas3.rouur ,roltcf oFd :Nprs.rcpunesoluotrlol-ollqr\\ € rllr,r Suol u]c 's}?loa3u?l l"JrJpurl,{a 0Z-g ,{psoru 01 ol?^oqo ruo-rg3rI .re,tse^€el ornl1?ule]rlue :se^€el elrue^nf pur SuJlpeesal?luop :lrq?r{ l[ecseroq]" slr ur slseJ selcedseqt Jo Jelcel"qc lereue8 eq1 ruo{ 'sercads.reqro ^us u"q} e;u?rcr}"rurrc pu? recrrrd€raooa .lil^?"9t ii;lft:"}?X.1 slr lnoq8norql saqcru l?crSoloce ,(ui?ttl eql nU ()1Sult"rceds dle^rlc" sr 1r teql uorsseJdrur eq1 so^r8 puu snue8 erll Jo sercedselq€r.r"A tsoltl eql Jo euo s-! 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I"Je,\esJo lrorl,r'srsrqtu" 'l"Jr.rpurl^ct Z Surlrururrcl t" opr,r !!rc Du sarogiul u^\o.rq Jo ,no11e,{altd 'uccr8 L-g.g quprlu :Sururqsro IInp 1l?p oalfJnsroddn i(qr:prrugo rprs qc?ouo srrrq luelsrs:ed qTri Dluollnbn l"^ ur) ,roleq qrJpru uo srr"q Suol ou ro r\\eJqtr,r lnq se^"el Surlpeesur s€ 'pe^rnceJ rullluerunpul:3uolultu 0l-t elorteC dllrlSrTssur8reu eql ro 1eg'qteo]uoqs esntqo ^\eJ s qlr,{\ lo orr}uo 'eprM ruur g€-9 '3uo1 ruc (€7)gg-y(g) 'e}zuorcnur ,{l oqs 'el?ur8r€uro serurloruos'elncr ol esn:lqo 'al?loecu"l ro crldr1le -'(l,\\ojl"u ol ole^oqo ^I,{olJ?u 'looqs 'poro}tris 'l€ln8errr qc€e Jo JI€q lrddn ur ,{ltsoLlr DtuoltilbD J1,,^ur sJI?oJcqt ro ro enbrTqo ,(llqBIS seruDeruosslJoq,r oql 'E slroq,r ur srirrT 8uu?e,\\ .roru.roJerll rlerll pu€ 'sJreq '8uol f Jo 'uoqs Jo 'eleLrls Je "l eqt lsJg pe^Jnc pue pedsuc qloq qtr,r tuecseqnd-'{lasuep rlal ',{el8 '1crqt 'elq"uJ 'p.r"rl -q)uD.tB lnc ueq^\ u^\orq lo ruc o:}dn lou .,{llsnsn 'parnssu {urd--'{tueoJc Z 'ruals ro pel?llassJlflq8nor es"q 1€ ru?rp Lla 01 pulr lnols qlrd\ '8uru"eJ.ro 7r,rzg 08 lunJl I ,{llensn lcaja'peJolleqs ejour eroqr\\(rellel ,{ler"l) ur gZ ol'suorl€nlrs pesod 'll4rqeq -xe ur rrr S 01 seurleuos ()1Surprocce €rnl"ls 3urdr"^ Jo ee]f e tuo4 atntDI4l 'e8rooD ,irZr.rrg S V 280 NuytsiaVot. 3 (3)1981 A tremely variable, as might be expectedfrom its widely differing habitats. The northern I variety,var. aquilonia,is geographicallydisjunct, easily recognised by its scattered,narrow a leaves,and is relativelyconstant. I Near Townsvillethere is anothervariant but as vet it is insufficientlvknown to be formallynamed. Thereare two earlycollecrions from the Coast Range.Rockingham Bay, gatheredon 20 December1867 and 21 February 1868by John Dallachy (both col- lections representedat K and MEL). On 28 August 1979 a collection was made by S F. D. Hockings on the upper slopesof Hinchinbrook Island (BRI 251630). The plant n is a shrub,with obtuselyserrate to almostentire mature leaves that aredensely ferruginous- rl tomentosewhen young. The flowers were describedby Dallachy as "pale "greenish-purple". blue" and by Hockings as Young fruit with the Hockings collection have folliclesthat are somewhatobliquely angled along the upperpart of the ridge,but a largo I sampleis neededto determinewhether this is a consistentfeature. t The closestrelatives of B. integrifuliaarc B. dentataL.f. and B. marginataCav. B. dentqtqis distinguishedfrom integrfolia by its scattered,broad, very undulate,dentate i mature leavesof relativelythin texture, and by its flowers of coarseraspect due to the t broaderpedanth claws and thickerstyles; the folliclesare usuallylarger. The two species have separategeographical ranges except for a small area of overlapsouth of Cooktown, north ,but in this areathey apparentlyare not sympatric. Bonksiamarginata is distinguishedby its smallerleaves, flowers and , and by the stylesbeing also very slender;this speciesmay be eitherfrutescent or arborescent. Two taxa previouslyregarded as variants of B. integrifoliaare describedbelow as new species,viz B. ssxicola Georgefrom The Grampiansand Wilsons Promontory in Victoria, and B. confertaGeorge with two varieties,one from the GlasshouseMountains and the Lamington Plateauin Queensland,the other from the Blue Mountains north westof Sydney.

24, Banksiaintegrifolia L.f. var. integrifolia(Figure 19Eand F) B, integtifolia L. f. 'r^r. typica Domin, Bibl. Bot. 1 :598 (1921). Nom. illeg.-B. iftegifolia \at. integrifolia. B. oleaefoliaCav.,Anal. Hist. Nat. 1:228(March 1800),non Salisb. Typecitatio : "Seqiaen las cercanias d€ Jackson". Lecto (herechosen): MA (photo seen)labelled "Prope oppidum Jacksonin Nova Hollandia. N6e dedit" (in Cavanilles'hand). B. spicataGaert]i'er,De Fnict. Sem.PI. 1:221,tab.48frg,2, Trpe given. (here "Banksia citation: none N€o nomin- nated): TUB, a single loose infiuctescencelabelled spicata" in two different hands. neither of which appearsto be that of Gaertner. The specimenis similar to the plate. B, glauca c.ay. Anal. Hist. Nat. 1:230 (Mar. 1800), Ttpe citation: "Se cria en Ias cercaniasde Bahia- botanicaju[to a la piriformis". Lecto (here chosen):MA (photo se€n). Collectedby Luis N6e in 1793. B. i tegrifolia L. f. '/at. major R,Br. ex Meissner in DC. Prod. 74:457 (Oct. 7856). Tjpe citation: "In on" ausfali circa Port-Phillip. (R.Br.)". Lecto (here chosen):K. The sheetbears one flowering specimen, one in bud and one with juvenile leaves. Iso: BM a sheetlabelled by Brown "14 Banksia integrifolia prcdr, 395 Port Phillip Bay 1802". This sheetbears two leafy specimensand a separateinflorescence. B. integrifoliaL. f. yar. rrrrol R. Br. ex Meissnerin DC. Prodr. 14|.457(Oct.1856). Nom. illeg. basedon B. integrifolia L, f . Juvenileleaves ctneate, 3-6 cm long, 2-3 cm wide. Matureleaves whorled, narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, obtuse or emarginate,4-10cm long, { flat, usually dull dark greenabove. Common6racts obtuse. Perianth22 25 mm long. Pistil 27-32 mm long: ovary hirsutearound apex. Distribution.(Fig. 21) South easternand easternAustralia; a coastaltaxon extending from the easternside of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria,to Wide Bay and FraserIsland, Queens- land; also recordedon King and Long Islands,Bass Strait. Selectedcollectio s. QUEENSLAND: Cooloola, near FreshwaterCk, 3 Oct. 1971,A. G. Harroltl (BRI); Tugun, 66 miles (ll0 km) SE of Brisbane,5 July 1930,C. E. Hubbard 3947(BRI, K, S); Point Lookout, StradbrokeIsland, 20 April 1953,D, A. Goy (BRI), NEW SOUTH WALES: Byron Bay,28 Aprill915, A. S, George13012 (CANB, PERTH): 12 miles (20 km) E by S of Singleton,9 May 1960,R. Story 7379(CANB, MEL)j Narrabeen,7 h)ne 1948,R. A. Oxe ford (NSW); 2 miles (3.2 km) SE of Womboyn, 24 miles (39 km) NNE of Timbillica by road, R, Coveny2943 (MEL, NSW, PERTH). VICTORIA: Seale6Cove (WilsonsPromontory),1854, F. Muellel (MEL); near Mt. Dromedary, 18 March 1880, F. M. Reader (MEL), i Kitrg Isladd, 1876,E N. &ory (MEL). 'tuoruo8u?JJ? tou or? dogJ peltoq^\ oqt .(q peqsm8uqsrp octlo 1? ar? .{egtrqcrq.tr ruo:; 'oluollnbD 'J"A 'el"Fpun .seAeel eql Jo osoql se ,rorJ?u s? lou lnq fllq8lts lo lou cqdrllo ,'{l,ldoJJ?ue,^."q uoslr |lhl pu" n?el?ld uolSurue.I uee,{\leq su.roJ ou?luour eql ! 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V r86l 282 NuytsiaVol.3 (3)1981 A.S typical of var. compctrbtrl I think are better placed with it rather than with var. integrifolia 2C. Anothcr altornativewould be to describetben lLSanother yariety, but thereis no adcquatc character by rvhich it could be satisfactorily clistingr-Lishedfrort trr. compar. Foln Although alrvaysarborescent. \at. conlpar cloesrot reach the massivesize of var. lata, integrifulict. Typical plants in reach about l0 m lncl are usuallyirregular Queensland sup( in the trunk and crown. Thosc in thc nontanc forcsts of Ncrv Sor-rthWnles are often straisht-trunkedand mav reach 16 m. :rvL T2

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Fi an Fignrc20. Bdnksiaittegtifolia,tar. dquilanl.r. Tsotype,A. S. Ceorgc 12973(PERTH). '(| todluot'&^ Dllo!!fiaru!'gpue 'Je^ '(a) 'Je^ ) (a) oltoqnbD Dlloll)8a1utB oltolfBatu! DlloluSatu Dtslaog Jo uo4nqulslo [Z enBIC

'HIUAd '1KSN'951y3 :osr :IUg :otoH aSnag'S 'y '9161 'pu€lsuoonb'ur?q3ul EL6ZI'I 'oN tqdy ZI Jo S 5lr?d I"uoneN leor3 lels.{.rJ tno{oo.I s11116:adt1 ueu orp-tp ur -np€^o :utniiuoruitt rE-otunrgsla 'urn'uorluLu sz-sz *rt'ffi",t)lf"!.ff5i"!htrii: J€[n aDalob,tg 'e\uaasaqt\d sEur8n oJ srpr8rr sllrd e€lsoc enboln ur ?{ur :Eqsollu €rprrr^-oll€ €ldns '?lel .JEA IIIur 'EBEol rua '€lnoe '€l?looaueJ pe ?le^oqo aturssrlsn8uE'(€l€llrcnJe o&t) esJedsolnpb pllol '€l€luepZI-9 '€1?l 0Z-9 'eleloocueJ edoEs urur IZ-9'e8uolwc VZ-L'etncE pE €p^oqo oulssDsn8u€,l/aa^n! oqol el"n '^ou 're,r 'eSroep 'g 'y .)Z (02'S pu" v6I sorn8rd) epognbe l?^ J'-I "!loJI.6oN!Glslusg P!TOJ 'eBJoeD ,$Irra. S V I86I A.S 284 Nr.rytsiaVol, 3 (3) 1981

luvenile leeves very narrowly obovate to lanceolatc, acute, T-24 cm long, 6-21 mm wide, often dentate. Mature /eales scattered (rarely whorled), very narrowly obovato to lanceolate, acute, 5 20 cn long, 6-12 mn r.vide,shining dark green above; I rigid ferruginous hairs persistent on both sidcs ol nridrjb below. Comruon br(tcts ac\fte. Peri- anth 25 29 mm long. Pistil 30-34 nrm long; ovary appressed-papiilosein uppcr half. Deriwtion of nane. From thc Latin aquilortius,northern, in referenceto the geographical range relative to the other varieties of the species. Distributlon.(Fig. 2l) North Queensland;coastal and montaneareas ftom Mt. Finnjgan National Park to the Paluma Rarge. Selecteclcollections. T.R. 1,16,Tabieland L.A., in 15'45'5,1,15'15'E, 9 July 1975,-a. gll.rr.i 8331(QRS); Foothillsof ThorntonPeak, 13 March 1932, L. J. Bftt.\s2328 (BRI); Mt. BeliendcnKcr, 1891-93,C. Poden- -zaras.n. (BM); Wallum Peak, W of Alherton,14 April 1975,A. S. Georya12978 (BRI, PERTH); 26 km N of Cirrdwell,Bruce Hwy, i6 April 1975,,4.S. Ceorye12981 (PERTH);I 6 rniles(l0 km) westol Paluma, CoaneRa., 21 JDIy19'15, B. Jackes(JCT). Habitqt. Ir sard, usually granitic, on hillsides, ridges, creek banks or flats, sometines poorly drained, in woodland, open-forest, or the edge of rainforest, sometimes (on ex- posed ridges) in open scrub. Flotrering periotl. March to June. This varietycan usuallybe distinguishcdby its narrow, acutelcaves wJrich are scattered, not rvhorlcd. Other differenccs are givcn in the diag;rosis above. The rigid, short, ferruginous hairs along each side of the midrib on ths lower surface do not occur in any other species. Although characteristic of 'tat. atluilonia they sometimes wear off com- pletely from old leaves. I[ the scattered leaves the variety approaches B. (lentqta L.f. but the general aspect is quite that of i legrifolio. The trses are ofter large, r-rp1o 15 m tall, but not as massive as those of var. ifitegrifolie. At the northern end of its range, var. aquilonia orerlaps the distlibution of B. dentatT but as far as I am aware the two are ngver syrnpatric. When Bailey published the combination B. futegrifolia yar. ccmpar he apparently misapplied the name to this northerr taror, fbr his illustration (tab. 443) appearsto represenr lr,

3. Banksia corferta A. S. George, sp. nov. (Figure 22) ,[,1/1c).ad 4 m altasine ( ] vel cum)lignotuberc. Foliaadulta ycrticillata, elliptica vel obovata,3.5-12 cm lorga, 7-40nrnr lata, narginibusleculvis undulatis, integris ycl serratis;larnira supra hir'suta deinde glabra,infra in venishirsuta pilis fcrfugincistandcm giabra, intcrsiiliis alLro-tomentosts. l florcsce tid cylindrica,5-6 crn diam.Florrbrrs conferlis lulcis. Axis 1-19cfi longus. Bructeaeitnohrcrules aC, 2cm longae,tomentosae vel villosae,Bracreae con nunes3 5-5 mnl longaeapicibus exse is conicissulsun versispubesceniibus vel peniciliatis.I'etianthium 20-25 mm longumlimbo 3-4 mnr includens,unguibus gr'acilibusextus pubescenlibus irltus + glabris;limbus pubesccns. Puril/asgracilis 22-26 mnl longus, glaber;pollinis praebitor angustus,0 T-1 rnm longus. Infntc/(sc(ntiacum perianthiisstylibusque persis- tcntibus. Fol1lcr1lmulti, anguste-elliptjci,8-15 mnl longi, 2-6 mm alti, 3-5 mm lati, valvis converis hir'sutisdeinde + glabris. Ssrrtraobovata, 1,+-17 mm longa;sen]inis colpus :l: lunatum,8-9 nlm latLrn. Type: Uppet W slope of Mt. Tibrogargor, GlasshouseMts, Queensland,25April 1975, A. S. George13000. Holo: BRI; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH. Deriyation of nane. From the Latin confertLts"crowded, in referenco to the closely sct towers. Cotyledons (Flg. 8.3) broadly obovate, emarginate, sometimos with uneqr-rallobes, 7-10 mm long, 5 7 nm wide, sprcading, full or medium green sonetimes with a fine red margin, + 3-nervedin lower half, reticulateabove; auricles l1 horizontal,acute, 1 5-2 mm long, Hypocotyl slcnder, 15 nrm 1ong, dark greer, appressed-hirsute. Seecllingleoles: first 2 usually opposite, close above cotyledons,broadly linear to narrowly obovate, obtuse, 5-15 mm long, n.rarginsslightly recurvcd, dentale towards apices with I 3 teeth each side, the teeth trialgular, nucronllte, { I mn long; upper surface hirsute bcconing

Fignrc 22. Banksi.tconfcrta. A,Ba:fldC B. cotferta y^(. co fettaA Habit, t 2.5 rr 1a11. B Bark. C-Inllorescence in late bud; whorled, undulate leaves. (Mt. Tibrogargon, Qld.). D andE B. conferta \ar. penicillata D Habit, + 3.5m tall. E-Blanches with old inflorescencesand dcveloping budsj (Newnes ClarenceRoad, N.S.\V.). t

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'r8rorC ,/r)rrrA S V 286 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981 glabrous, lorver surface white-to mentose; lateral nerves obscure; upper leavesprogressively larger, obovate but tapering to base, obtuse to truncate, mucronate, up to 12 cm long lea and 4 cm widg, serrate,the teeth mucronate,up to 3 mm long; sinusesobliquely U- to V- up shaped;indumentunr as in llrst leaves;petiole 2 7 mm long. Seetllingstem hirsute and tn€ pubescertwith long straightand short curled hairs, becomingglabrous, often orange-red, 20 MatLtreplqnt a shrub to 4 m, ? with lignotuber \n'tar. conferta,without lignotuber es( tn var.penicillato, openly branched; trunk up to 15 cm diam. at base. Bark at lirst smooth un with small lenticels, in yar. conferta becoming roughly tessellatedand grey, in var. peni- cillata rcmaining + smooth. Brqnchlets slightly striate, villous when young with fer- be ruginous long and short hairs, becon.ng pubesccntthen glabrous,orange, red or brorvn, flo finally grey. Iecres whorled, elliptic to obovate, obtuse, often mucronate with an obtusehir- IS, sLrtemucro,3.5-12 cm long, 7 40 mn wide, narrowed quickly to a petiols 5-10 nnl by long; margins entire or sgrrate, recurved, somewhat undulate, the teeth mucronate and flc up to 3 mm long; upper surface sparsely hirsule with long straight hairs and pubescent with very short curled hairs, becoming glabrous, dull; lower surface with midrjb and lateral nerveshirsute with long and short ferruginoushairs, persistentfor some timc on midrib br.rteventually all glabrous, lacunae white-tomentose;lateral nerves at 60"-80' to midrib, reticulate betwesn; petiole hirsute becoming glabrous. Inflorescencecylilndri,cal, ::.ill 5 6 cm diam. at anthesis,at apex of a 2 4 year old branchlet,often with whorl of lateral branchletsbelow, sometimesat successivenodes in one season. ,.l,xlJ7-19 cm long, 3.5 6 mm wide, 12 16 mm wide rvith conmon bracts,without florversfor I 2 cm at base. Inyolucral b,.4clJ.outer bracts triangular, 2 5 mm long, tomentose,grey-brotvn, grading to inner bracts which are subulatefrom thick bases,10 20 mm long, denselytoruentose or villous, ferruginous,persistent. Comnon bracts narrowly oblong, 3 5-4 mm long, denselyhirsute; exssrtedapex conical, upturned, tomentose,brown, the extremo apex closely pubescentand pale in rar. conJbrta,penicillate and brown in var. penicillata. Florctl b/acls shorter, narrower, without prominent apices. F/orr'erscrorvded; buds yellowish green becoming pinkish brown with grey limbs (in vat. cont'arto),bluish-grey (in var. penicillola): flowers golden to pale yellow. Perianth 20 25 mm long, including limb of 3+ mm, straight with limb upturned before anthesis;claws filifor;n, 0 2 0 4 nm wide, shortly appressed-pubescentoutside, glabrous inside except for a few hairs in upper part; { limb fusiform to narrowly elliptic, ! obtuse,appressed-pubescert; perianth relaxedaftcr ,ii:l anthesis,leaving styles projecting 5 7 mm. Anthers l l mm long, shortly apiculate; filarnent almost I mm long. Hypogynous scales narrowly triirngular to oblong, obtuse, I l 5 mm long, free. Pr.rlil slender, 22-26 mm long, curvcd slightly dorvn then up, glabrous; pollen-presenterscarcely thickened, smooth, 0 7 I mn] long, darh with pale apex; stigmaticgroove oblique; ovary hirsutoaround apexwith ferruginousstraight hairs, otherwisc glabrous. Infruct?scercc moderately robust, 4-4.5 cnr diam., the old jnflor- escancebracts, perjanths and stylespersistent for severalyea"rs;comn]on and lloral bracts indurated, the apicespale grey. Fol/iclesnumerous, oftel over 100, usually remaining closeduntilburnt,butsomeopeningspontaneously;inplanviewnarrowlyelliptic,8l5mm long, 2 6 nm high, 3 5 mm wide;valvessemi-clliptic, convex, smootb, hirsute and toment- ose becomingglabrous on exposedparts, dark brown or grey; ridge narrow, slightly un- dulate; sutureimpressed; follicles opening to 5 9 mm wide, not or slightly recurved;lips l l mm wide. Serzlobovate, 14 17 mm long; seedbody shallowly lunate, obtuse at base, 8 9 mrn long, 2 3 5 mm wide, stylar margin + straight, both margins narrowly bordered; inner surfaceconvex, smooth or very slightly rugose,black or dark brown, glistening;outer surfaceflilt or slightlyconvex, slightly rugose, black-brown, - glistening; wing 6-7 mm wide, rounded or llattenedacross apex, witb a shallowbeak to stylar point, the anti-stylar side decurrent half-way down seed body; dark brown. Sepdrator similat to seedin shapeand size;wings slightlyrecurved. Banksia confe a is a speciesof restricteddistribution with two varietiesfound in areas sonc 600 km apart. The typical variety is restdcted to the GlasshouseMountains near Brisbane and the Lamington Plateau and was llrst collectedin 1951. The othcr, describedbelow as var. penicillata,occurs in small populationsin the Blue Mountains north west of Sydney. A collectionwas made in 1906,but only in the past 20 yearshave further gatherings been made. '(8662I e8rolC rzrs orlrr.sct:)n{Lrl '(HlUgd) '.dFtost-uo-t S V) lBlntBu L -rLIStd O00 eSroeD S V Dt.lqJin|re^ al.{L:e Dtsrlnog tZ rrn8l:l Q;\ sU 'li su UI

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T1 fn M B. tn (hr Di PI B, J. ad pr E F B. Jo rieal,e 5,. j,,r/.r/i/ hltt[i]tata. - A ro D:.Ha.bir.^ ,q Sl.,,t + SO.ffii;-MarUte Ra.,S.A. ar 'r'1, j;,,s^:l^lld,lil:.N,ii;":s._w c srrubz.sir iiri;'3 ;lb;ih";;; e_Shrub lel *.iTfee T I n.i; Lr,l:rw\$iii,Li,"Iir^l ofjl,l"il"ll1 pofllarid, il;:iij,:;:l:i,.:,:i H;i);;;. i"..".ijl 1,.'.'_- ,lill,l,i,"...,I ul;Vic.l) F: Bafk of arboresccntplants. (E NW lar lourr. Tr.. I \{ \\\ or po.r,Jt.,j.Vic.r. ;f Campbcll 't sloeqso.{\} eq} uo err slequlJ€l 'l 18 lrrurs ..6t/S/8 uot8urll)AA ,,{ Zt8l/t€2I1, pelteqelsI leeqsaql lg le laeqseql uo ueur..cls pueq-1J01 clol rlll sr prtreits oroq Jd,{totJrleqt esoqlulo{ : I lg le euo pu€ ) 13ele slaoqsod^lu,{s o,{\l ., lpql'I Ic? 'LuLuo5 'uol3ullle/A uL, :uo!tt't!radq '0IZ (2981)urnot s,r" (it€Zl u'uonD) ueluolcl sul .!so\n 'g '1oog ur rpo oui:eul! perle 19ig1 r"CiDst:tt ;pori 36 uI reussrell o!?atulqns te^ Jql Dssatdap '..re,\IX '€6t s.ellEJAIeuuv Jo sluea oql r"eu punof .{uols puEIsIs.ualuelc ue^ lpolcl eraq) olJel lqn) urnlluo{Ir sa:rlpElp? essgrdeperslueg 0L! u^\or8,{q pelJeqEl't\l8 :(uosoqc ,!(^^ 'relooH, srsoxes_urlsnquortertsnE sr8eld uoLuelc oBlnsuIul, :uo!1,42adtrJ (/S8l tec) 6Z€: seI ll C I ire,r 'rg tqol) 1:rg1; zissarriap U .ra"-,l"rDk (018I 9Oz:0I puo'I 3oS uul'I su"rJ'r&ll ,ssardrp B' 'tno posso-ri,.i081 puelsl s.uauerc ut^,, qlr.{\ ,.iZ08l dlllqd 'rpord trod srlErlsneeJ$lueg,, u,{olg.{q palloqel sr ,\lg le ad{luis alqlssodV .,t081 uef oldtu,{rleq troJ C6C:po:d srLe4sne()rs.) re^ Dleul$leuIEl$iuug ZL, u,\\olfl,{q pelloqelhlg le leeqs" : (uosoqi aloq) opii':..(i,r'.n rqif ar 1,ro4:dord eerpuelloHee^oN rlerlsnegro uI uouceu'€ro1lliedold le sldueasl 'uluuerq 111t14 rn brcin i1nsu1o1,, :uottott ad,(a (Ol8I qeJ) s0Z:01uopuo-I JoS uul-1 suerl'rgd rl1r4st,6r '(uees olorld) Vy{ :(uasoqc ereq) olcel ,.lollolu" ou" Iep "le oln.rJ 1e enb oerJ e?N opella le olnu ue f rog ue oll?I{ €l epuop'€ll?tuE.l"d 3 uos{c"[ ep opu?ulru€c exet),. "uolt'l2 adtJ '(0081qrruw) /ez:I lEN lsIH teuv 't (92 pue 9Z soJnSIC) ^"J Bl€ufrBtu els{uug

'( sPI lqoH 'tro\19\ 'llrH rod(euLLrgJ, rrg JJUu lrqnlotrSrl LLlorJql11orBeU C l rrA :dEJ) lucrre\ {qqnlqs Jo trrr:qa.od prllrl rseg { '(Jupfs iio

DtsIuDg'eBroeDS Vl86f (t) E.lo^ et 292 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

B.ferrc.!ve11l. exsprengel,syst. 11485(1825). Nomen nudum, cited in synonymyLrnderB. marginata cav. 9Xtl B. I'dlrrliMeis,nef i.'. DC. Prodf.l4:456 rOct. t856r -\'rred in nanreonl] ;r Hook.JoLrrn.4t2l0 {1852). the Ttp? .itatiun:'lr lillorccirca (Jeorge Tosn. propeport-l)alflmple gol . in.. Dremcn."nrenrr. Gu,in, ,,. 12331)". Lccto (herechosen): K, labelted, 121j/ I d42 stt*t : f,if t[igt ,ri,, sea ceoLg6iili.i, )gl]/;3;;. R fp! lnst B- RBr., Trans. Linn. Soc, tondon. 10:206 (Feb. 1810). Tlpe cilation:..In Insulis l-n ,ii1s:tkrif . Frcti Bass, et ir) InsulaD.'remen. prone lillorr. rL,l.i v.v.i leclo (hercLho,en): BV. abelled, l2 B.rnk.iarn.ulari. scd prodr.l0l. Kinesl.la rd April t80l R.B.oo,, e s.sOcl-. 1800 . Ofl B. inlegtifolia Labill. cx Meissncrin DC. Prodr. 14:456(Oct. 1856),non L.f. Nomen rudun. sca gro 8..marc::(c?r Bonpl.. Jard. \4.ilm. ll6. 148rSepl l8t6r. noll R.tsr. lfe./'t.r/l,r/....Habiralin No\a o,*o oncutri\ared mJLcri.t $hich I ha\enor fol'nd. rhe ptirre i\ rherc- smi i?.'i?i", ;,l,li^1il.llliiJ,lj". eve up B. marginataR.Br. (sic) var. ralartiltc.rii Endl. in DC. prodr. 14:455 (Oct. 1856). Nomen illeg., based ot1B. maryina[a Cav. unt val' R-Br. (sict lrrmrlrr prodr. 2: .narylnary var. Meissrerin DC. 1,1:455(Oct. 1856). Type.itation:..R. Br. l.c.', sul bea BM.ill'i:l\:i?.'i"J:"'.,y,i.ll,li'"Iixlli,iiit,ts;.li?lil,l,l#i,119,,1'i.il.;i3.-:i.l,,jiis:;:il":::11OI stft 4 nicy!tagb)a.91:!.. Anal. Hist. Nat. I :224lMafch i 800)-8. n./,,ginata Ca,t.\.\t. mictustacrrd(Cav.) Colla. Hort. RiDul. 1 :18(182:l); the samecombinarron ues also madeby E"ndlicher,cen. pi. iuppi:;ir)ti8 (t ti:iS;i; tor bv ^\,lei*nerin DC. Prodr. l4:455 {l85oi Snnucll,ra.i,ro,,achyo rCar.r Kunrze,n.r. C"". Ff. iSfii brc tt.ttt, trpc(rrarron.)ecflilaJdct(\On\rntcndOdepar,lntill'a-. lcclOlhefechO.en):\4A(photoscel), smi Coliected by Luis iD N6e 1793. srz( B. patula R.Br.' "In 'Flinders'Trans. Linn. soc. Lofdon r0:205 (Feb. 7B1o). TrF citation: Novae Hollancriaeora cur austGli "ii}l;,t,Land: inrer f.rtices, in steriribuseie!xtioirbus. lubi r.v.)',. r-ccro(hiie irroierl: i*ixi:'iit,s{ ?,$'$.'T3itilll"f"lftli,il';I:ii:.,"**}?,,'l:il;f:.,"'::*i*nili: recrorype)nas no uroun tirbel,no localityand doesnot matchthe lectotype(the perianth is pubescent). (Fig. Cotylrdo.ns 8.4toblong-oborare. rrnequally ernarginare. T.9 rnm long. J nrm ., (preJotng..obscrtrel) wroe. J-nerred.nted ltn green:auricles dcscending. acrrle I mm long. H),?orctl1, . stender..sparsely-arachnoid.Seedling leates: first two opposite,close ro coryteoons.!bovatc, otltuso, oiten mucronate, l0_l6 mm long, 4_5 mm wide, with I, or 2 obliquely triangular. mucronate_teeth on each side; lamiii flat, ioosely hirsute ubo\,e, whrte-torn€ntose bclow with a hirsute midrib; higher leavesscattered, obovate to nauowly obovateor clrneate,up to 10cm long, 18 mm rvide,obtuse, truncate oi emargin- ate, mucronate;margins flat or slightly_recurved,serr.ate, the teeth 0.5_3 mm long, duc_ ronato; upper surface loosely hirsute _becoming glabrous, lower surface cloself white_ tomentosc, nerves concealed except midrib which is hirsute becoming glabrous. s?erl//,?g s/e,n7hirsute.

,. Mqture plant a shrub or tree, sometimesto 12 m with a stout trunk, with or without a lignotuber, sornetimessuckering; arborescentplants usually fire-sensitive. Balk at first smooth with lenticels,Jater roughly but finely tissellated, grey, not friable. Araichteii h-irsutewith_ spreading hairs and tonentose with_short c'rled-haiis, the latter usLrallyfei- sistent for I 2 years; sometimes tome[tose only; prophylls at base of shoot sub"uiaie, 2 5 mn long, tomentose. ae4res scattered,linear,-ob-long or narrowly cuneate,mostly I 5 ".. 9 long, 3 13^mmwide, obtuse, truncate or enarginate, rarely aiute, ur"uify -".'- ro''ate but n.rucro often deciduous; margins almost flat] recurved or revolute bui lower surface always evident, entire, or sometimes serrate leaves persisting to no*arlng a1ul" or.on lareralbranchlets: Fig upper.surfacehirsrrre to tomentosewith feiuginour ", ii"iiit B.l harrs soon becorningglabroLrs; lower surfacewhite-tomsntose, the lateral nervesreticulate and usua_llyconspicuous; midrib below tomentoseto hirsute becomingglabrous; petiole 2-5 rnm long, tomentose.. Inflorescenceterminal to a branchletup to?-years "id,;;;_ umes l at successr\,enodes ln one season,cylindrical,4_6 cm wide at anthesis. (3)5-10(13 Lvis Di, 5) crn long. 2-3 5 mrn wide,9-ii nim wide with commor bracts. usuallv sot wrthout llo$ers in basul I cm. Inyolucral D/actunumerous, subulate,2_10 nin long int the outer onesgrey. fgrneltolq. inner ferruginous. Commonbracts 3 4-mm long, lineai, Isli densely hirsrrte: erserred lpex transverselyconical, upturned, obtuse, toment6sc with abr

I t,;l;ffi qrl or .os ruoupunoc eru"...seJ pu€ *"n ,o""Hro"o,fr 'Je lo^or lnoq'norql 'Jlr€rls * oore8ue) uo osl?:BJfnC puEourp"J"g s" quou.reJss l V pu" sel€lAqlnos ,\\oNolur (1se,rqpou eql ldecxe) er:o1cr1 q8no;q1Brtertsnv qtnos ur ?lnsuruoder,{g ureqlnos f[, '€rl".rlsnv 'uoInqu$IO uro{ uJelseeqlnos ur uoruuor ueuo pue pee.rdseprl6(LZ'3\C) ,fl.1' -0u elo ol3 .( .s ,(+) ." ,( ''P:::r;,,i rlsli a) Dsop,rtDd oloclxos llt)fi:tL;'T[ia;ii;!":,i,';f i::"( !")::ii{i?:,"it eBe JO,{\ -tnl fn. ,fl-i 'al9- -Jed E:\ stall c | ,j.. lnor

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il etr"^r elns.j qr4\ esolr tutu rutu '(luoJl oql u( .'(tg rl : (uoso 'sorrde Jgou pe^ln5 Ero ee 'pe)t€eq 'lsnqoJ -eJ,(llq8rls s8ur,\\:u,^{o.rq lou lsure8e posseldur ,{lel?Jepotu ,azrs {r"p 'u,roJq 'lurod pu? ed"qs ur poes ol Jel\u\s )olo,udas lelfls l? esnlqo '(ueos 'enbllqo 'epr^\ IJ"p IBeq 'u,trorqIl€rus ? qlr,r ueuo ellu " sourleruos uru I I-g 8ur,t\ :SuuelsrlS ,{1lq8r1s '{celq 'qloorus (81 -{celq'oso8nJ l€q,\\otuos otrqtoorus'xe^uoc ocqlns :e1no i8uruels48 T ol -elloJPue 'xo^uor 'xo^uor eso8nJ ,{leug ec?JJnsJeuur :pe8ur,r dl,roJ:r€u auo lel,(}s-rlue Jo lq8r?Jls 'enbrlqo 'epr,$ '8uol 'os?q sur8J€rul"Jel"l urSt?ur laddn ruru t-g luru g-g l" ssnlqo lo olnJe 'at"Jl?J-ol"aunc -f .,{poq pees :3uol ruu 'olEeuno-ele^oqopaas 'auou :(uosor 9l-6 l?oq polrc :opr^\ ut.rl (Z fle]"r) sdl:uru ,{ I?Ft?[ I S.0 8l-9 o1 SuruodoselcrTloJ :eug ,{:a.rsrnlns ..al r{ :,rorl?u o8pu :u,rojq Suluoceq olnsJrq 'qloous 'xo^uoc 'uql Jeql?l so^ls^ 'q?!g {l?p'snoJqBIS'3uol :eplr rurtl tZ luur g-Z vw ,{l,r\oJ.r?u,r\er^ u?ld ur :turnq LI-L'cqdrJle 'ssel lrlun poseq posol, Surur?uroJseurqeruos lng eJnl?u ueq,tr Suruado uauo duelu,{Il?nsn'gg1 o1 dn 'etuue sapupl olxos .roJ ueuo slc"rq !.(e,tre Suuee,tr ^ll?nluo^o luolsrsred I?Jcnloiur -eJeql 'peuJnlu,rop puB ,(l[?nsn setfls pu" sr{lu"ued pJo eql 'lu?rp ru3 '["rus s luelsrsrod t-e E ON acuacsalcntlul 'esollrded sourlouros 'JI?r{ Joddn ur etrnsrrq,{te^o :anbrlqo ,{1tq311sa,toor8 ! 'xad? 'Jl"rl 'esnlqo '8uot crl?ru8ns tE ol"d re,rol ur ruur 'peue{rrql ,{locrEJS )r?p 'lopuols I-Sr.0'spre,ru,rop JaluosoJd-uellod:sno.rq"t8'es"q 1?'ru"rp rulu 9.0-t.0 ,fte^ pe Jnc.ro '8uol 'elnce ':e1n3uulr1 lqAI€Jls ruru I€-02 lltsld SuoI ruru I Jo €snlqo dl,roueu sa1r;s srjelnsu 'Euaurulg 'pet\reu-I 'ssBg snoutSodtll alepcrde ,{llJoqs goqs uo 6uoy ruru S.l I soqqf rta .Jo SurqqnJ sJreq eql seurleruos 'luecsoqnd-pessoJdde'cqdqle fl^roJl€u qulrl :oprsur 'oprslno 'epl,r,\ snoJq?13 tuocsoqnd-posseJdd" ruru s,t\Blc:srseqlu" e.roJoqpouJnldn SU.0-2.0 .uep:rc? 'u",tr/ 'uun1r /1 qrrlll qI^r tq8l?Jts + :uur g.t-9.2 qturl Surpnlcur 8uo[ ruur q]uoual 'e3u4 Jo VZ-II ,41erer ,{or8 qtlr\ pnq el"l ul ueryo ',rolle.{ eled stauolg 'll?urs xodz potresxo oqt {2981)( 'ro,rolJBu -^EJ pus JelJorls lng J?lrruls st7Dtq ploll el"d'snoJg€I8 sourlauros xede erue:1xe Dtl)

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I 294 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)l98l A. S. I

Selectedcollections. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: S end of MarbleRa., EyrePeninsula, 24 May 1975,,1. S. George13115 (AD, BRl, CANB,MEL, NSW,NT, PERTH);Mt. LoftyRa., ca. 1.6 km S of Morphert Vale,April 1943,H. M. Coopet(AD); MacGil)ivray,ca. 25 km SW of Kingscote,Kangaroo Is., 30 July 1922,E. H. lshg (AD); 22km N of Kingston,20 May 1915, A. S. George13100 (AD, BRI, CANB, NSW, PERTH). VICTORIA:Major Mitchell Plateau, Grampians, 8 Dec. 1962, J. H. lfilliss.tt. (MEL); ca. 22 miles (37 km) SWof Camperdown,NW of Peterborough,21 Jan.1969. ,-1. C. Beauglehole7816 (MEL, PERTH);Arthurs Seat,Mornington Peninsula, 2,1 Feb. 1963,./. H. Willis s.11.(MEL); WilsonsPromontory, 1823 1829, W.Baxt( (.8M,PERT H); 7 knl E of CannRiver-, Princess Hwy, 20 June 1974, ,4. S. Ceor".qci 1800 (CANB, MEL.NSW. PERTH). TASMANIAT l6 miles(25 km) S of Currieby load to SurpfiseBay, King Is., 3 April1978,M. L H. Brookct 5851(CANB, PERTH); Mt. Nelson,Sept. 1959, W. D. Ja.ksons.n.(HO); Boat Harbour, N ofSt.Helens, 11 Jan.19,19, N. T. Butbidse3105 (CANB, HO): BlackmansBay, 11 miles(17 km) S of Hobart,1942, W. M. Curtiss.n. (HO); S of BathuNtHarbour jn 43"28'S,145'05'E, 9 May 1976,A. S. Gearye14257 (HO,PERTH). AUSTRALIANCAPTTAL TERRITORY: Ca. I mile(l 6 km) belowUppef Cotter Dam Site, I I Jan. 1959,R. Pullen1262 (CANB); GibriritarFails, l8 Sept.1967. -H. n"e],e 659 (CANB). NEW SOUTHWALES: Kanimbla Valley, AuE. 1893, J. J. Fletchet'(NSW); Mt. Coricudgy(E of Rylstone), 21 Sept.1948,,e. F. Constahle21332 (NSW, U, W); Mt. Blaxlandto Rydal,April 1909,J. H. Maidenand R. H. Canboges.n. (NSW); l4 km alongHeathcote Road from Princes Hwy, SW ofSydney, l0 May1975 A. S. George13066 (AD, BRI, CANB,MEL, NSW,NT, PERTH);2 miles(3 km) E ol CurrantMtn. Gap,7 miles(l I km)E of Olinda,1 Sept.1951, l,. ,4.S. Jor .!o,rs.n. (NSW); 22 km S of Bombalaon Cann Fjgur ValleyHwy, 14May 1975,A. S. Georye13081 (CANB, NSW, PERTH). Habitqt. In a range of soil types-sandy loam, clay loam or shale, often rocky (quartzite, 5. B: limestone,granite), sometimesin peaty soil in swamps. Associatedvegetation may be I open , closed heath, sclerophyllouswoodland or forest; also on coastal con- Twe solidatedduncs. MEI Flor,etiry period. Mainly February to July.

Bqnksiq maryinqta vies with .B. integriJblia L.f. as the most widespread and variable speciesof the genus, but whereas the latter can be separatedinto three varieties, ,. ma,"- to4 gilata on the basisof current data cannot be so treated. The range in habit fron small Brat shrubs to large trees, including fire-sensitiveand flre-tolerant forms, and the great variation the l in leaves, suggest that infraspecific taxa occur, but morphological variation in leaves, atb indumentum, flowers and fruit is continuous throughout the species. lf a part of the linea geographical range is taken then the variants rvithin it may be distinguishcd, e.g. on the as l( basis of the leaves,but such distinctionsfall down when the whole range is considered. lgng slnu As is clear from the number of taxa cited above in synonymy,many variants have shor been named but I acccpt none of them as valid even at the varietal level. The species nerv wauants a detailedstudy including field work but this would be a major task in view of peh( the large geographicalrangc. brar dent Prcsumed natural hybrids with both B. integ folia vat. integriJblia tttd B. tonferta var. penicillata have been recorded. The former occurrcd in two localitieson Wilsons with Promontory, one just south of Darby River, the other at SealersCove. Both parents time were present at each site. The hybrids wers intcrnlediate in morphology, the most grey easily noted charactcr being the leaves which were larger than adjacent B. mqryinata linez and smaller than integrifolia. The hybrids with B. con-ferta\ar. penicillata were found on obtr an old disturbedsite betweenClarence and Newnesin the Blue Mountains and are dis- narr cussedundel the latter spocies. antt inclr Banksia integrilblid is the nearest relative of B. morginatq, dillering mainly in its mm larger, whorled lcavcsand larger fiowersand fruit, the latter with deciduousold llowcrs. lonp It is usuallya treeand is alwaysfire-resistant. Despitea similarityto B. cqneiJ. H. Willis, whil B. mqrglnqta is less closely related to it than to B. integrifoliq. The more rigid, pungent scql' leaves,the stouter flowers, and the more robust infructescenccwith deciduous old flowers cur\ and larger follicles that renain closed for some time, all serve to make B. unei guile SCAI distinctand probably relatedmore closelyto B. saxicolqA. S. George. pal€

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Infr.uctescence.cylindrical 1o ovoid, 4-6 cm wide; involucral bracts mostly deciduous; old Mr perianths and styles early deciduous; common and floral bracts somewhat enlarsed. abo Follicles.:up^toabout.150, mostly remaining closeduntil burnt but some opening sp'on- Me taneously after several years; + elliptjc in plan view, 12 18 mm long, 3-8 ;rm higtr, +_S mm wide,- sometimes bent upwards; valves semi-elliptic, convex, smooth, densely villous q with pale brown hairs when young, erentuallyglabrous cr.cept at baseand grey-brownor grey-green;ridge obtuse; suture slightly impressed,straight or gently cuived; follicles w openingup to 12mm wide,slightly recurved;lips + I 5 mm wide; no lateralbeak. Seed obovate, 13-18 mm long; seed body f lunate, 6-8 mm long,2.54 mm wide, obtuse at base, stylar side straight to concave with apex sometimesforming shallow obtuse beak; inner surfa_ce_convex,slightly verrllcose, glistening, black or dark biown; outer surface { flat, very slightly rugose,dark brown; wing 8-11 mm wide, margins f itraight, the and k stylar margin decurrent about half-way down seedbody; dark biown. Sepiraior similar to seedin shapeand size,moderately robust, impressed against seed body, obtuseto almost ffi acutgat oase. il Distribution. (Fig. 27) Victoria and New South Wales: subalpineareas of the Great ry Dividing Range betweenthe Snory Range, Gippsland, Victoria, and the Tuross River in south easternNew South Wales. There is an outlier at Talbingo in the Bogong Moun- tains west of the A.C.T. Usually found between750 and I 500 merr.es. Selecte(lcolle(tions. NEW SOUTH WALES: Talbingo,Feb. 1937,"/. C. Wibarcls.n. (NSW); S sidcof TLrrossR., about0.5 mile (0 krn) tr 75 aboveTuross Falls, 26 Aprii 1968.L. A. S, Johrison"iA t nuaa 625^(NSw);4l]=ll, lt Jar1.1908, R. H. Cambase1994 (NSW); Kydla Rect S of Cooma,13 Mty t9?5, 4.S. Geory. I3077 aBR l. ( ANB,Ml | , NSw,PFR t H,. VICTORIA: WellingtonR. betweenMts. Wellingtonand Selina, cippsland, g Jan.1963,\y. Cane (MEL)i Pllb_y,l9i'1,_Nq!{ons Plareau,E Gippsland,2t Jan.1971, ,.t. t. neau'gtnokana j:. w. pi"ci, A(S 36356(MEL, PERTH); Doladruk Tr.ack, near Wellington River, 3ODec.19.t s:A. Satkin1092(NSW pdRiH) Hqbitat. Usaally in rocky soil (granite, rarely sandstone) on slopes and in gullies, in Eucalyptus low open-woodland, and in open-heath often tvith Casuqrma. Flowering period. January to June. Banksid . canei ts.a recently-describedspecies which has become well-knowl only-Mr. in the past 20 years. It was first recognised as distinct from B. mqrsinqtd Cav. bv William Cane afrer whom it is nxrted. lr differsfronr that specieiin the rnucronate leaf apice.and lobe_s._rhcusualll largerflouers uith rhickcrstyles and especiallyin the jnlructescences which have Iargervillous folliclesthat normally remain closedfoi several yearsor until burnt, and fron whjch the golden flouers are early'of deciduous. I am not sureif Balr{ric rar, i is aluayslignotuberous: rhc only indicarion irs reger)erationfrom the parent stock is in notebwith a collsctior from the lower yarrangobiily River, N.S.W. (Rodd 966 and Coveny,NSW 106189). _ The speciesis in fact more closely related to B. sctxicolaA. S. Geor.gewhich is much larger in habit and in the whorled leaves,but is otherwisesimilar in morphologyof flowers L and fruits. The two speciesrequiro stratif,cation of the seedsto ind.uce geimination. L.

Some differencesfrom the original description are apparcnt in the description above, Fig la^rgelybecause of the greator range of material now available. "4-lobed The originai description Bar of the ovary a-s at base, with 8 bold vertical ribs" is apparently derivcd from the hypogynous scaleswhich are often appressed to the ovary and difliculi to separate from 6. it. The small brorvn papillae about the apex of the ovaiy appear always to be present. A collectionmentioned by Willis from Mt. Fulton rear Port Davev in south western Tasmania ellil is B, maryi atq. Recentcollections from the samelocality, in flower and frrLit sub fall quite within the concept of that species. mn _- ..Bqnksiq^cqnei. shows great variation in leaf morphology, as discussedby Salkin and (1978). )-n Hallani . Adult leaves are typically entire, bui fi.equi:ntly they are spirsely serrate towards the apices, while plants also occur in which adult leaves remain deniate. e.e. ob( SalkinI02. The pop_ulatjonat Trlbingohr.\ long. denrale leaves (up ro l0 cmt.penicillaie mn floral,bracrsand small flowers{perianrh l5 l6 mm long)but only a few specimensfrom T1t here have been seen. A miniature variant appeared among seedlingsgerminated by 14. 'HJUAd ',^[SN "IAW ') 'OH 'tug 'CV :osl :-IEI/,{ :oloH '86t ,{q 'y 'LL6I '?uolcr^ 'su1?rdul1'lo 'ur?rtlr/d 'lW tu( a8paD S qq /I oql lruuns :ad.{J Jo el€ 'um;uol '.,,nle^oqo s.t-z LlrLuII-6 orsn8ue pe Lunrevnle'ect snctrocslullues :"rrr .u. a-Il#nHqt| -oJltdillo elE :E8uolur\rr Dataas suqEISetEloE srurtnloA gsuop sr^eEl srAlEA'rlEI ruLu 'rtF LuLu '6uol 9l-ll 'eesntqo 'ee8uolqo-alsn8ue /-S /-i elE urLtr lI-9I 4ntlp! ee?uol ruru I aDatr8od,(qaDaDnbS sn]itrts + pu sn8uoltutu 8z'€z,sr1,{ts sntnsrrqsnqurl:runrqelS sntursuerseqndaFre sntxa'ulurt-g. t oqurl lrlnSuolruls 'um^eu-ooreulcoqurll runur.ulll urn^eg eprtJedanlquDlal eeullnle esuop'oe8uol turu €[-6I le^ 'rsoluourol-oclle 0I-S sapDnlotu! aDanotg E8uollua B-S.€ ,4rrrsrrorlrl sr^.lncorsu8elur snqrurS&Lu snlqns lln 'elluorl^orle 'ErqEiSepurop esoluaruot ?rdns 'etBI LLrJ 'B8uol uro 'esnlqo '€ts^oqo ecrldrlio 'e]J?loaiuel 9. t-I 'ru 0I-t IeA UJ€ oUnpDo!o! essBrJrulu €-Zr.atroJ ojeqnlou8rl aurs [[ pe 'iog-lDIe snsuedxarrlr{ '(Z/6I) 'slnld|H 'I ' 89:Z "rro1.r^ ur slueld ol IooqpueH V 3'a J.I uou cne ouolu8atu!'g ']ur '62 'e8.roeD 'S '9 (I€ pus 0t sernBIC) ^ou ds v BIoclxES EIs)JuEg tuo eql '(.rA ',{rotuoluord 'o^oJ 'rlqeq ')r?B suoslr^ sroleosreeN) Il€tltu Zl + pue uol :cpue3 ( cr^'LuErlli,^uI']ltutrlns)ll€lur9.zrlrqeqpu€r{r€g:Bpuey',Jld,ltosDtslaag 6zafiSri .I sJ0/ l qcn

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'o8looC ,?sr/rrg S V I86l (r 300 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981 A. S. with straight, white hairs, quite glabrous inside; limb narrowly lanceolate, almost acute, denselyand closely hirsute; perianth relaxing at anthesis,stylo projecting 4 8 mm. Anthers f 1 mm long on filaments of 0.5 mm, very shortly apiculate. Hypogynousscrzles narrowly oblong, obtuse, sometimes bilobed, t I mm long. Pulll slender, 23-31 mm long, curved slightly downwards then upwards, glabrous; pollen-presenter slightly thickened, obtuse, w 1.5 mm long, brown with pale apex, stigmatic groove small, oblique; ovary with straight, erect hairs on dorsal and ventral sides at top, fewer and shorter in between, otherwiso glabrous. Infructescenceof many follicles (av. 20-60), the old flowers soon deciduous; bracts becoming indurated. Follicles in plan view narrowly elliptic, 12-20 mm long, 4 7 mm high, 5 7 mm wide; suture fine; valves semi-elliptic, convex, densely velvety with both crisped and + straight hairs, pale ferruginous to cream, wearing off to leave ffi valves smooth or slightly wrinkled and grey; follicles commence opening with seedmature (12-15 months) and continue over several years; lips 2-3 mm broad, dark brown. Seed 14-19 mm long; seed body shallowly lunate to narrowly obovate, 9 1l mm long, 3-4 mm wide, apex shortly produced, base obtuse to acute, both surfacesdull grey-black but glistening, often obscurely mottled with brown, outer surface slightly longitudinally rugose,inner + smooth;wing elliptic-obovate,9-15 mm wide,the apexsomewhat oblique, ffi dull brown. Separator 15 l8 mm long with transversely elliptic wings 8 13 mm wide, Il tapering into a narrowly triangular base, impressed by seedbody. Figur Distribution. (Fig. 27) Victoria, in the Grampians and on Wilsons Promontoty. has : Selectedcollections. Jin'rmy's Creek, foot of southernspur ol Major MitchellPlateau, Grampians, 3 Nov. 1952,R. Melville1979 (BRI, K, MEL, PERTH);Near Mt. Thackeray,Victoria Range, Grampians, 2 July Bank 1914,A. S. George11814 (CANB, PERTH); wilsons Promontory,inland from SealersCove, 24 May 1959 1978.A. Salkin129 (Monash). 63(r atN Hqbitat. In the Grampians B. ssxicola grows above 600 m both on exposed summits hin-I and in sheltered gullies and slopes; in both habitats the soil is loam among sandstone H.C boulders. Associated vegetation is open-scrub in exposed areas, tall shrubland or open B. sL Banl' Eucalyptus forest (e.g. E. baxteri) in sheltered areas. On Wilsons Promontory the species Lect granitic occurs at 200-300 m or higher on hillsides in loam among rocks, in tall closed or B. a: open-Iorest, Flovering period. January to March. 12- acu For many years this specieshas been regarded as a variant of Banksia integrifolia pub L.f. (e.g. Willis, 1912), bnt I consider it worthy of specific rank. It differs from B. fute- nall grifolia in the thinner, smoother bark, the thick, dark green leaves, the greyish-yellow recr flowers produced in summer, and the larger tomentose follicles that remained closed for orl 1-several years. The populations in the Grampians are well-removed from the nearest mnl B. integrifolia which are on the eastern side of Port Phillip Bay. Those on Wilsons Prom- spa ontory are close to some stands of B. integrifulin at SealersCove but are 2 3 km inland witl in a very different habitat. bec The closest relative of B. soxicolu is probably B. cqnei J. H. Willis which, like the ling Grampians populations of B. saxicola, is a montane plant but of higher elevation. Both and species have coriaceous, dark green leaves, similar flowers, and tomentose follicles that remain closed for some years. Banksia canei is easily distinguished from B. saxicolu Bra by its scattered, smaller leaves. bra Lea On Wilsons Promontory the plants are all arborescent, straight and tall, being under- (l)r storey trees oftall forest. In the Grampians they are more branched, lower and spreading rect even in sheltered situations. lon abc 7. Cav. (Figure 32) veir tha Anal. Hist. Nat., 1:225(March 1800) B. integrifoliaL.f. var, oblohgifolia(Cav.) Domin, Bibl. Bot. m1( 5980921). bet "Se Type citation: cria a tres quatros de legua de Jackson". Lecto (here chosen): MA sev (photo seen); collected by Luis N6e in 1793. cor

| 19 (s) LL6rl 'J?ln8uerJ] lso{uJelno :sp'tq s.ro,\\oulnoqll,la luru g l€s?q :slcuq uoruruot 'epr,r [)nryoluJ'Suol qtl d opl^\ ruur ruru y uc a l-S(€) slxfl ,t\oleq slolqcu€rq ra8uno.{ pra,r.es ZI-1 1 'lelqcu"rq 'uee11'teg V1 Jo lroq,r ? qlr,rr ,{11ensn plo J?o^ (S)t I e 8ur}"ururol nu sarcgiul el€lnoltor 'seord?qlee1 pu€ sesnursSurqcrel pue urSr?ur J?ou ,{luo peryoJ dll"nsn 'qlJplsr 01 .08-"0, ol8u" l? so^Jeu :,\\oleq uee]3 ol?d Jo ollq,\\ eJ" se^€ol eJnl€ur 1?ql Jo',{11oo,r-e1q,L\ l€101"[ 'Jo os luelsrs:ed e"unc"l oql J?o,r .(ll€nlue^e qaq,^\ srI?I{ peljnc qll\\ sulo^ pu? qrrprur uo,\\oleq esolueuol 'snoJq?l8 Suruoceq srl"r{ snourBnJJOJpeFnc qll.{\ e^oqE 'olelnpun osolue(uol .,{losolc l€q,reuros ro l"U eulur?l :pod?qs-n ,to11eqssesnuts i8uol 'al?lros '(tnog8norrll 'pe,\Jn5or urur (Z)I qlool eq1 uoql tsorul€ fll?uols?cco) es?q 1€ erque .{llq8lls su6r"ru :8uol ulru (0I)g eloqed otr po,\\oJl?u dlldnrq" 'epl^\ ruc (Z.t)Z-S.l(l) 3ul 'Auol 'eteuorcnru Z 'ol?cunrt 'Suolqo-ol?^oqo ruc (tt)S-E(Z) ,(los trqo ro esnlqo sr,1rr7 'slecrluol qlr,rA 'u,rorq-,{el3 Surruocoq u,\\oJq-peJ 'qloours so^€el Jo slc?Jq ll?urs 'esoluoruolZrrB, 1noq1t,r lred Je,rol aql 'de.l8 Sururnl snoutSnr:oJ spltpu2lg Dlo 'll"l IJ€p tFsuep ru g ot dn surels lere,resesD" qcrq,\\ ruou JeqnlouS{ qlJr!\ gnJqs e pold an1o1,t1 leq 'el"^oqo ,{l,ro.u?u o} Suolqo se^€el :sJr"q trq8rer1spuz qla 'lueurqsrlqelse palJnc qloq q1r,r luecseqnd .(lesuepruels oql s?q qudor8 ^\eu lxeu erll 3u11 eql -psas SuLrolloC ree,( e urqlm luourdolo^ep SuruulEegpqn|ou8lT snorq"lS 8u[uoaoq luecseqnd dloslBds ,{JoA tuats 8ullpaas sno.rq€I8 Suruoceq luecseqnd qupru eql qtl^\ 'srr"q Pul ,roleq ,{lloo,r-otrq,{ :snoJqelS Suuroceq tq8rErls qllid o oq? luorsoqnd ^lesl?ds -tu( sa^€el SurTpees :se^"eJ ur se sur8JEur:el?uoJcnuJ 'al?cunrl ol elnce 'epl\\ ruuj IIe lsrg lser '3uol ruJ 'eteloeiuulqo ro crldllle ,{l.roJ.r€u'J€euI .,{lpeorq 'et"lorted .{Froqs ro 0I-9 '[?]rds 9-t 'elstuep 'pe^loc€J JOJ e|ssos uodo ue ur so^?ol lxau :8uol ruru I + rlleol eql dlelnc" ,!\OI ,4pqEr1ssu6:eur :eplr urur g '8uol wc ,{la}nc? 'ol€loocuel ^l,uorl?u 'ellsses'suopel,{loc t 'elNoddot-g,Z'el?uorcnru 'luocseqnd -alu e^oqe IUlu lsJtJ :sa^oal Salpaas veal8 ' 'punor8 €I-0T Z 'elnc€ Dllo. ,41oug uerp ruru + e,\oq€ ruc ueql sssl 3uo1 urur Z I . I 'Sutpuecsep I I 'ol€lncrlojltlDodtH 'oplt '8uol o1 Supuerds selcune !ueer8 rq8uq + urur L g luru gI-ZI 'o^oq? 'e1ecunj1 'o1"eunr-et"Aogo 'At.{) xo^.uoc .{pq311s ol popunor (E t suopalt|og '(Z16I) le le eipeeg3 e'qsI"S uou ll.ne DllollualdsDg '(uaos Jol '!!retreeN €rpuelloH e^oN xo,,polleq€l oloqd)Vtr I r(uasoqrareq) ol.e'I eeleH el s olunferrueloqer{eg ep seruecreJsel uo,! se^\.,(lrleaol eq} qtrq,{^ roJ'D11ol3 otvlaDg saIS 'e.,sruuoJ-urd '(0081q '^eJ 'g r ..eluopojarclel uoc €rrJeS., :uoltotp adtq €r{) I€Z:I r€N rtsrHleuv Dlloltrllos ued 'peq.Elte-3€l 'H ueer8plogLueJ llet{s e q}r{\ uoufiaeds8ulr5,{\og e sI snII {lpleglueJ ouo: snlFl llo3 ,68I ounl qereno) ro'J plegur€Jpue ueprBl l lourLure^ elloJllelelslueg,, :s^\olloJ se IxIq slI! ,{qpellaqel-99z8tf poqs e od,{loeuse pepelese^Eq '8681oroJocl ploglueC ,{q opttrl ASN I 'ue^I3 IA S N }r suolrl.elorlEre^es lrrorC onSololordoqt ur pollc,{llleaol ,{ue sl rou euou.rofrop adtJ (916I)t9 slueld ^dSN snsuaJ'eqrtagpue uepr€tll (pleguel uaptet{) toulu re| ^eJ )nqot r4s)luDg-(6961 .{€},1 'oIEIS) (868I) cos uurl 3ord'pl0grupJ ueprer{ .touta're^ tA"{ DllolltDlolqaog ,{lnf S9Z:'Z ,{[SN '^oN '( plo 'q8noroq(r€N qlog) sepoue^rsss.ans se.us3sarogulssq Jo N '}lqeH-V le e qruErqual reddrl :lrn4 pue sJe^\olC{ IIet urg.I + DllollSualqoDlqaog Zt ern8tf

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1 2 mm long;.inner subulate,obtuse,3 8 mm long; all denselytomentose with curled, ferruginous hairs; persistent. Contnon bracts linear, 5-5.5 mm long, denselyhirsute, exsertedapcx conical but narrowed to a spreadingor ascendingpoint,-closely tomentose rvitlr crispcd hairs. Floral bracts tatrowly linear, 4 mln long,-densely hirsuie, the apex shortlyconical,tomentose. FLrr1,c/s pale yeJlow,in bud $ith giey-blueiinge; stylescrcim. P,rieurh22 2o rrrrnlong inr.ludingiirnb ol 4 mrn- straighibLiruirh lirib uprurnedbe- fole anthesis:clu.us 0.J rnnr uide. glabrou\ inside.lpprcssed-pube.ccni becoming appresse-d-hirsutetowards limb, the lairs straight; limb riirrouly elliptic, obtuse, api pressed-hirsute.Anthers I 1.5 mrn lor)g, apiculate. Hlpugynois scaicsoblong, irun- .5_ cate or irrcgr-rlarlydentate, l-1 mrn long. pisil 2.5 cm long, f straight orllightly curred dounuards abore biLse.glabrous; pollen-presenternarrowlyovoidl 0.7 {.g-mdr long, ! srnootlt: ovary glabrousexcept for apex which is ferruginous-papjllosealso with a.few long.straighthdrs,. In/ructescercr:moderately massive, io 17.5 cm long, 3 4 cm diam. usually with follicles throughout; perianthsard stylesearly deciduous; j-nvolucral bracls persistent;common and floral bructs slightly enlarged,induratcd, + pungent. Follic-leslp.to 80, I 1 8 cm long, 2-7(t0J nm high, 3 7 rnm wide; valvesdipiessed -off iemi- circular, slightly convex, smooth, velutinous but indumentun wearing exoosed partsj ridgs straight or somewhatundulale, aaute to obtuss; sutlrre\ery ine; the wholc follicie -usually turned uplvards slightlyl follicles opeuing 6 l2 mm, slightly recurved; lips 0 5 1.5 mnr wide, slightly nider ilt e,ich end. Ser.l obovate 12-18lnm lons: seed body + oblongto. semi-elliptic, 7 1I mm long, 3 7 mm wide,base + obtuse,aper ro-undctl, with a small. beak to stylar point which forns slight kink; inner face convex, slightly-wing grey-brown rugose, to black; outer fare flat with rounded edges,dark grey-brown;. + €venly rounded, T 11 mm wide, decurrent along seedboiy on side irppositestylai poinl. Sepoator similar to seedin shilpe. 12 18 nrm iong, l0 12 mm widi, impreised by seedbody; wings slightly recurved; no st\,lar beak; baG acute to obtuse. Distribution. (Fig. 33) Queensland and New South Wales; mostly in ncar-coastal areas betrveenBundaberg (Q) and Uliadulla (N.S.W.); an outlying areasouth east of Blackwater on the Blackdown Tableland (Q); also on FraserIsland (Q). Sekcte.,lull,ri"n . QUFFNSIAND: t0 krr \ of BLndaberg.t2 ADr I t070.,. f-.Aa)./,/,rd t50J(BRII; Blac\do$ncd. t2 mile.,20krr55t of BtLtrJuly tqo4. ( . H-.Gi!rin,8oarBRll;VL. ti"U.Ur"ii. Cii*_ house\41!. l0Aug. l,rJo. C.t.H,bba,,l 3t41rBRt. K. Sr. NEW SOUTHWALES: 3 6 km N of K€w,Paci6c H\ry, S of por.tMacquarje, 3O Aptil l9.tS,A. (BtI1-CANB, 'iSjfS. Georye"S. 13027 MEL, NSW,?ERT,H);half-way, Cordeaux Danr ro Mt.'Keira;9 M^y , Z. 7. Jolu'sort(NSW); 2 miles(3 km) w of watramo|a,-RoyalNational park (7 nrilesssr ofsurtiito.ci; e April 1970,R. Co|enj,2895(NSW. MEL, PERTH. W).' Habitqt. In. a tvide_rangeof conditions;.sometimesin seasonablydanrp sites at the margins 9f..su'ramg-sin.clay-loam or sandy_clay,in sclerophyllousopen-forest br woodland, ani in tall.:hrrrblurrd(Wal,lurn. Qldr:^alsU in ,and.on sand\toneor granireon higherridgcs. agaln rn scleroptryous open tore.l. e.g. \,\tlh Lurcl))11rusor Artguphoru:ofren locally commol't. Flovaring period. March to June, with a few flowers as late as August. Fi I consider Banks,ictoblong,ifo]la Cav. (1800) to be the correct name for this species, over which there hasbeen much discrLssionin recentyears. The namewas usedby'Brown (1810)and-Merssngl1l q!6),. but Bentham (18?0) rcduced it to synonymy \r\der B. inte_ gri/blia,L.f . In 1898 Maiden and Camfield pr.rblishedthe narni B.'latifolta R.Br. var. lacl minr for the taxon, and in 1916 Maiden and Betche transferredthis varietal epithet lo B. robur Cav. The nane B. oblongifolrn Cnv. was later taken up for the sneclcs in Queensland,but in Nerv South Wales B. aspleni/oliaSalisb. was used,a name fublishe

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laminis obliquis" in the description of Bltnlcsiqoleqefolia (: Eakea doctyloides(Gaertt.) B. dil Cav.) in which the lamina is falcate. Nor does the epithet asplenifolia help. It irrobably B.JaE refers to the leaf serration and venation, which in the specieslisted are only subtly differeni. mater bearn Salisbury probabJy based his description on cultivated material (Bentham 1870, p. 555). No contemporary sheets annotated with his B. la) epithet have been found. Those B, rol of B.,oblongiJbliawere either labelled with Cavanille'sepithet or incorrectly determined B. lor as other taxa. There is no Salisbury sheet at K or BM. Further, no more detailed description exists in the Salisbury rnanuscript at BM. B. mc in thi Robert Brown (l8lOa) cited B. asplenifolia in synonymy wder B. oblongtfolia, bot, only) as with..B. seft(tilbliq v\der. B. aenula, with a qucstion inark. He also wai apparently B. un uncertain. as to the _applicationof the names. Becausethere is still no firm justificatioir the I for applying B. asplenifolia to a particular specjes,the name is therefore rejicted. The descr speciesis correctly known as Banlcia oblongilolia Ca.v. .Banksia oblongfol.rais quite variable, as would be expectedin a specieswhich occupies mm a wide range of habitats. Ths variatior is fairly continuous, however, in charac?ers long s_uch.asleaf size, indumentum, length of inflorescenceand follicle size. No infraspecific lst l division can be made. The leaves are sonetimes almost entire, e.g. Crows Nest, Dartng abo. Downs, C. t. Whrtg (NSW). In new growth the indumentum occasionally is sparse, trun e.g. 0.5 km N of Little Bay, Arakoon, L. A. S. Johnson 7869 (NSW). acut The closest relative of B. oblongifolia rs B. robur Cav., which differs essentiallyin the Pubr gtab much larger leaves and the metallic green flowers with less hirsute jndumentum. ln a number.of localities the two speciesgrow close to each other, wilh robur usually in the Seee year wetter situations. When this occr"Lrs,presumed hybrids between them are ofte; found, e.g. at Calga near Gosford, D. J. McGillivray; 6 miles (10 km) S of Commodore Heights, W of Pittwater,L. A. S. Johnson;near CordeauxDam, A. S. Georgo. tall denr ther thic and clt-l the war first nerr soo bro pro t2 ctl-l exc( ova and ferr den brq anc grer Fi,Erre 34. Banlcsiarorrl. A Habitat (S of Howard, Qld.). B-Habit, I 8 m iall; severalstems from lignotuber (NW ol Howard, Qld.). m1I apI fusi 8. Banksiarobur Cav. (Figure34) I obt Anal. Hist. Nat. I:226 (March1800) Sitnuelleftrcbul (Cav.)Kuntze, Rev. cen. PI.2:582(1891). sha "Crece Type cilation: en la Bahia botanica y en el pueblo Jackson". Lecto (here chosen): pre "inter MA (photo seen) labelled Jackson et arbor 25-30 pedes alta. Nde ro! dedit" and determined as Bqnksia robur by Cavanrlles. Two other sheets at MA are old probably syntypes. 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10-16 mm long, 5-8 mn high, 4 6 mm wide; valves + smooth but denselytomsntose; 9. Bt ridge smooth, suturs fine. 15-20 + Seed obovate, mm long; seed body _l_ triangular 1 but upper margin obliquely rounded, 10-11 mm long,4-5 mm wide; margins narrowly 5:554 flanged; inner face t convex, slightly rugose to smooth, matt black; outer face + flat, smooth, dark grey-brown; base acute; wing almost evenly obovate but + flattened on Twe (ubi top, 8-10 mm wide, somewhat wrinkled, dark brown inside, grey-brown outside. Separator similar to seedin outline and size,dark brown; baseacute. Distribution. (Fig. 33) Queensland and New South Wales. There are two principal lobe areas, one from Kempsey to Wollongong in New South Wales, and one from Shoalwater 2m Bay to Coolangatta in Queensland. There are outlying populations in Queensland opp( near Bowen and between Mareeba and Cooktown. The species occurs on the coastal acut plain. belo Selectedcollections. QUEENSLAND: Between Mclvor River and CapeFlattery, 23 No\. 19'72,A. W. lanc Dockri 627(QRE); Bowen, 9 Sept1955, B. Kaspier1043 (NBV); Traveston, mouth of theBurrum River, with 6 OcI. 1929,C. T. White6387 (BRl); Six Mile Creeknear Caboolture on BruceH\ry, 2l March 1953, R. Melri e 3543(BRI, K, MEL). abo' glab NEW SOUTHWALES: NelsonBay, 15 Feb. 1965,G. M. Lithsow88 (NSW):Dee Why Lagoon4 mil€s (6 km) N of Manly,l8 Match 1954,"/. fl. Willk (MEL);2 km NW of CordeauxDam, 6 May 1975,A. S. Geotse13058 (NSW PERTH);Botany Bay, April-May 1770,J. Banksand, D. Solandet(BM). suck Habitqt. \n sand or peaty sand, usually seasonally or permanently damp, in Eucallptus roul ot Melaleucct low woodland, and in thick sedge-shrubland formations; often locally hair common especiallyin south easternQueensland. oblc Flotering period. January to July. orr is remarkable for jts large leaves and metallic green or cream-green siste buds. The leaves are typically 12-30 cm long and 5-9 cm wide but have been recorded tom up to 34 cm long (NSW 119955)and 17 cm wide (Beauglehole3616). The habit varies teetl from low and spreading to erect but is often spindly with age. The broken distribution lam is also unusualbut indicatesthat the specieshas a long history during which it has spread cm over a wide range. There is a partial parallel in B. spinulosa var. spinulosa ous The speciesis closely related to B. oblongifolic Cav. differing chiefly in the larger leaves, on the closely pubescant flowers and the narrower follicles. In several localities in both and Queensland and New South Wales the two speciesgrow together or almost so, and pre- obs, sumed hybrids occur (see discussion tndet B. oblongi;folia). tow It is interesting to note that Banks and Solander collected a single specimen of ape B, robur al Botany Bay in 1770. Presumably it was not seen by the younger Linnaeus or (sor he would probably have recognised it as another species besides the four he described. the ferr bra, exs( whi Flo

lnIT apF sca) hal: mII lnr :l bra

shc sut wh wic wic flat Figure 35. Barksftl paludosa. A-lnf,orescence and whorled leaves. B-Habit, = I .8 m tall. (Both neal CordeauxDam. 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I ol qnJqs e flDld a,tntttN 'st seJru '.I?of ? urqlr^\ ur:og o1 Suruur8eqDqniou8t1 snoJqEIS 'snojqelS Suruocaq olllsjn{ fl}]oqs u!als SuupaaS ,roleq esolueuol-elrq,t uoos lnq e^oqe 't961 -11 '8uol .JO elnsrrq .,tl oqs ?uru"l :padeqs-A o1 . sosnuls ultu Z 9 .0 rlleet otnc" qll.{\ f 'el€uorcnlu 'elnc" lenb11qo ',44' olLruossur8l€u ol el?cunJ]'opl\\ ruru €Z pu€ Suol ruc 6 ol dn'el?looJu€l ol ele^oqo f,l,^{o.r.l?u'le8rE[,{lo^IssoJEo]d se^€ol Jeddn : pe^Jncer,{l}q8tls sul3j?ur',\{oloq esolueurol-olrq,r 'sno.rq€13Suruoceq e^og" elnsJrq.'(llroqs 'opISqcea uo el"luep-t/€ 'elncB 'epr,,!l '3uo1 'ellsoddo I?1sI 'ol?Aoqo ,{l,rorr?u ruru g-y ruut tttg :suopeJdloJe^oq" esolc pu?l '3uo1tl-Zt Z 'ropuels Jo lsrq .sa&al Suupaas prouqc"r? ruur 0T Suol tulx Z .rel€, t'olnJ" Z 'Surp"erds 'ol?IncrleJ ltrtuodllH 'lenboun solor]ne:uoer8 urnrpeu ,tllur€J'leu + soqol 'epr,{\ '8uolllnp 'Surp"ards 'el"^oqo I"dr: glJ^\ eleul8reruo ulur L ruul 6 (r'8 atl) suopdlftoJ ') 'lI 'hlg :osl :J^lg :(uosoqcereq) olts-I ',,( ^ ^ Iqn) ,to1D, 'srsopnled uoI ur :uos{c"I lJod odord :[?luouo gro oelpu"lloH €e^oN uI!, :uollDiD adf,J 'l"U .{1.n0 'terlsnv ' qlueg(.r q\) t)sopnr)d're^'!"rDltoJtnary!g uopuo'I ..g t",'!9lli}jss's lc @tgyqeJ)/oz: oT J"Jni (9€ orn8rC) .rg g usopnpd elslueg'6 :esol

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Distributior. (Fig. 27) Nerv South Wales, along a coastal strip ard the nearby mountains are from Glen Davis to Womboyll, with an apparent outlier on the coast near I(empsey. folli Seleuedcollectians. Creen cully, ClenDavis, 25 miles (40 kn, N of Lithgow,27 Sept. 1964. E. F. Constable seec 5142(NSW); H-at Head, E of Kempse),,Jan. 1966, a. ,1. ,S../orr?ro, (NSW); ca. t0 miles(16 km) NNE of Y91qy!9w1 Z1S!pt. !265,D. J. Mccilliva! 1463(NSW); Fitzroy Falls, 2 Feb.191't, A. S. Ce;rye14393 (PERTql; Cfy_deMt., 38 km W of BatemansBr), I I May t975.l. S. Ceatgc13175 1en I, CaNb, VEI-, Qu, NS\ . Pl'RlH)i Cenrenn:llPafk (Sldnc)r. JLtJ lrqB, J H. \4oirlen(NSUI; ptareau :.6ore Jan-be|oo taxi Pas'.St ol-Robeflson,l4 Apnl 1q64,R. P///ft/r 4050 (CA\B). two Habitat. ln sandy loam or loan in open Ea calyptus woodland,or in heath close to swamps; in rocky loanr on slopesnear creeksrn Eucalyptuswoodland; orl sandstoneridges, some- poll times rnoist,of the Blue Mts in heath or woodland. wh 8., Flowering period. May to July. Clearly a. member of the series Salicinae, may be easily recognJsed-Other by its narrow inflorescence with short, golden-brown, openly arranged llorvers. characteristicsare the prescnceofa lignotuber; the firmly coriaceousleaves tvith promin- ent reticulation on the lower side; the stiff, straight styles; and the infructesaenceswith pcrsistent old flowers and small follicles. , The closest relative of B. paludosa is B. tonferta A. S. Gcorge var. penicillata A, S, George which is a much larger, non-lignotuberousshrub with villous indumentun on new growth, larger leavesbut of similar texture and venation,and longcr, more crowded nowers. Banksia paludosa is quite variable in leaf size, in the margins varying from dentate to entire,and in the lengthofthe infloresccnce. A collectionfrom NadgeeNature Reserve (Hope and McGillivray, NSW E6885)has consistentlysmall, mostly entire leaves2 6 cm long, ard 4-11 mm wide. Another, from W of Sca.rborough(Johnson, NSW 138239) has very broad dentateleaves 1.5 3.4 crn wide; thesegire it an aspectsjnilar to that oi ytlr. B. conJarta pefiicillata but the inflorescenceis thai ol Valudosa. Perjanth and style length are relativcly constant except for a single collection Culburra, ESE ol Nowia. A. S. George 11194-in which the perianth is 2lJ2 mm long and the pistil 24-25 mm long. The collectionalso has the leavesentire or alnost so but in other respectsis tvDic?_l of the species. Another collection Jamberoo Pass,R. Pr.rllen4050 hai ttre peiiinth 19-20 mm long, but in other respectsis typical. What appear to be male flowers arc sonetimes seen,c.g. a collection from Bundanoon (Cosh, NSW 138241). ln one in- florescencethe perianth is l1 mm long and the ovulesare ludimentary. Another inflor- 10, escencein the samecollection has perianths16 mm long and normal ovulcs. The pollen- pressntsrs are simila"rin the two inflorescences. Ty SeriesGrandes A. S. George,series nova. TT . Frutices\el atbores. Folia grandia lobis proninentibustrjangularibus. Itl.florescentia in ftmuljs principalibuster1\i.].alia. Bracteae iwolucrules prominenles, persiitcntes vel deciduae.perianthion by rectumpraeier limbulrl ante anthesinsursum flexun. P/sr//fut le\,itercurvatum, apice sursum llexo; pollinis_pr'aebitorparum incrassatus, laevis, 0 2-1 5 mm longus. folrcrll multi, non-prominenlerexserti, post debiscentiasine rostro ldterali. Semia angustecuneata,obovata; seminis corpus laeve, lateralitei non alatum, drl Type species: Willd. 2 Shrubs or trces. Lea\.es large with prominent + . triangular lobes. Inflorescenceternt- in inal to main branchlets. Inyolucralbracls promjnetlt, persistentor deciduous. periall/r straight €xcept for limb being upturned before gently ir anthesis. Pistll curved with f be upturned apex; poilen-presentersligbtly thickened,smooth, 0 2-1.5 mm long. Follicles sll numerousJnot prominently exserted,without lateralbeak after openjng. S.,edsnarrorly cuneate-obovate: seed body smooth, not iaterallywinged. 1, Deriyation of nane From the La-tin gronclis,large, the spccific epithet of the type species, in referenceto the leaves. fa pc _ This.seriescortairs two spccies,viz. B. grandis Willd. and B. solq.ndriR.Br., both th endemic in South West Western Australia. The two are closely related to each other d( but not to other speciesofthe genus. The important diagnostic-characters of the series p1

) qupnu ot pepr^rp 'opr,r rtlc '8uol rrrc gt-Ol '(se,reel3ur1o,{ ur u,r? u? olur poJnpoJd s€ I I t 'eurllno ueuo) ol3nu asnlqo ue qll.r elecunJl ul 0l?eunc-0]?^oqo sr,trrT snonplcep J€ 's^oqe 'es"q '{c[ll 'osn]qo 'o1"lnqns--l€eulJ uoos elnsJrr{ le osolueLuo},(lesuop ore l?ql ql sll,{r{dord 3ur.r"eq lnq se^?ol 1r1oqlr,r loFlcu€rq Jo €d Je,uol :sr"e,{ € Z .roJ lue}srs.red pue ,{er8 Sururocoq srrsq snoufnrleJ qlr,r esolueluol ,{lesu€p :qlooms ol otelr}s ^llul?J 'ol€uls-l?lnguB 'tnols 'eso8nr '{cql rel"l 8uno,( ueq,r selq)uD.tg elqEuJ ^loug ruc € I 'Aurp"erds 'ru lrrB. qnJqs, poo,r " s?ar?I"ts?o, qlnos ur.ro 0l olee]fE laold atntDI{ 'elnsrtq ,{lesuep tuals 3u11paag Soqol cJoru qll{\ pu? leSlel Sultuoteq }nq r"lltuls 'pop,'\\oJc sot + lnq pelo}l"cs se,lrel roq8rq :olnsJlq ,(losr?ds sI qclq,t\ qIJpIru ldec{e ,\\oleq 'e^oq? 'opr,r '.lErul l_ ,{uolloc-elrq,r elnsrrq flosl€ds ?urur€l ielnce -p ss5nutr : elnce ruru II-t -xord ueql Jolroqs pu€ 3uo1 urru eprs erll lnq r"ln8uBul + soqol :seqol olul 4tl 6 t 'seqolI€tsrp t-€ -lf, qrJprur ol lsotrll? pepr^rp surS.rerueql l?ald? ll?us l€ra,\os qlr,r lnq ol?cunrl + 'opr,r ulc . g. '3uo1 ruc 'e]?ounc-aw^oqo 'suopel-{loc e^oqe Iurrl g 'eltsoddo I Z 1 t--Z 'elnc" '8urp€eJds1 7 )sJg :sa^Dalt&?1paas luecsoqr.d ltluodtH SuoI luru U-I o] sno|lp 'ueo;8 'xo^uoc 'Surpmlds 'opl,\\ JOl -uod soiaun" :luepr^e - qupru doop o] IBU ^lopl{\ '?uol llq?rTs'enbllqo 'olsounc-ot€^oqo 'lu uru tI 6 ruru IZ ZI f,pqSlls (8'8 8tJ) suopa{p) :o: '€ll"rtsnv urolseid'punos s3:oe9 3ut; solzuew pl"qlqcrv,{q 1e sllr ur pelcelloo poos uro{ posr?J^lq?runsoJd '1ue1dpe1e,tr11nc € uro{ sr eql ',rouopllrlAI6LI I€r.rsl"uI .{q po}Blouu? sE^\ pue so^eal o,rl sureluoc leeqs eql r\\ouopllrlN qJeH xr '9976 g :(uesoqc areq) otce'I ,.(USs^) erpu"lloH E^oN ur JD qDH,, :uor1o1nadtl '(168I) 289:Z Id uao ^o)t'oztun) ( pliltA) slpuD.r8Dra anLuls (86/T)S€9:I tuetd cads (9g orn8tg) p11r16slpue$ EJs{usg'0I -.to -ul '( 'esols,{alod ' '9t V ?!! rlto8) )IIEA-8 lle} lu 8 + 1rqeH-y puDfi alvlaDg ern8rl 0r€ rllu Iea uru 'ett

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'e8roeD DtsluDg S y t86I 310 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981

into triangular lobes that are opposite to alternate,slightly overlappilg at base; lobes mu mostly 2 5.5 cm long, 1 5 5 cm wide at base,the apical and basal lobes smaller,obtuse Th, with the apex somewhat upturned, margins flat but whole lobes often strongly recurved; on upper surfacetometrtosc with curled, ferruginoushairs becoming glabrous,n.ridrib im- USU pressed;lower surfacealso denselytomentose but the hairs longcr and coarseron midrib, hat becomingglabrous except for white wool in the lacunaeand sometimesshort curled hairs Pal on midrib; $idrib very prominent; lobes eachwilh 3 4 main nerv€s L at 90' to midrib ma but converging upwards, only the central one reaching apex; also several lesser nerves ne€ and finely reticulate between; main nerves only slightly evident on upper surface. -/ir- thi florescenceterminating branchlet usually of previous growing season,sometimes on an older branchletand then with a ferv subtendingbranchlets, conspicuous. ,4-ris10 40 cm long, 7 10 mm wide, 18 25 mm wide with common bracts,bearing flowers throughout tI. except for a few mrn at base and apex. Intoluual lr,,aclJwith thickened bases,tbe outer onesgradually narrowed,5-15 mm long, obtuse,the inner abruptly narrowedto subulate Tt, apices,l0 25 mm long, all denselytomentose with curled grcy and brown hairs, apices Ba often hirsute alsol bractsmostly persistentto floweringbut dcciduousrn fruit, Comnton B. 6racl,r linear-oblong, 6 8 urn.r long, thick, densely ferrugino us-hirsute; ths exserted apex B.: conical, straight to upturned, densely tomentose with curled hairs and a few long ones. prc Floral bracts similar but slightly smaller with less prominent apices. F/ou,erspale yellow, Le( the limb often tinged with grey or turquoise; styles cream. Periqnth 26-35 mm long including limb of 4 5 mm, straight, the limb upturned just before anthesisthen slightly relaxing; claws narrow-linear,0 5 mm wide, 3-nerved,the lower 2,/3 glabrous,then hir- 1: les sute outsideand inside; limb broadly fusiform, obtuse,thick, glabrous. Anthers i: 1 5 co mm iong, broad, with a prominent obtuse apiculum. Hypog),nous scales narrowly tri- angular,obtuse, frce, 1 5-2 mm long. Pistil 3540 mrn long, curved gently down then mi up, the pollen-presenterstraight, glabrous including the ovary; pollen-presenterslightly ot thickened, obtuse, smooth, 1 1 5 mm long. InJructescece massive, 10 40 cm long, ot to 7-9 cm wide, the axis much thickened, common and floral bracts indurated, perianths m' early deciduous;apical sectionoften without folliclesand then not much cnlarged. Iol- /lcles numerous,elliptic in plan view, 17 25 mm long, 3-10 mm high, 6-12 mm rvide; hir valvessemi-elliptic in sideview, + smooth but wrinkled to verrucosealong suture,densely tomentosewith short curledhairs that wear off exposedareas; follicle opening when seed wl maturc, to 10 17 mm, valvesmoderately recurved; lips f wrinkled, I mm wide, fairly even. ,Seedobovate, 32-38 mm long; seedbody + obovatewith upper margin obliquely Br rounded, l2 16 mm long, 7-9 mm wide;inncr surfaceconvex, smooth, grey-black, glisten- stl ing, without apicalridge, base obtuse; outer surface L flat, bttt with longitudinalirregular cc wrinkles and small brown irregular tubercles,otherwise grey; wing l5 20 mrl wide, sides ol + straight, apex flattened,thin exceptfor a thickened stylar vein, smooth, pale brown ct with scatteredmottling; a notch or stepin the wing margin abovestylar point. Separctor l1-l similar to sced in shapeand size,smooth, brown, the wings shortly recurvedwhen dry. UI Disttibution.(Fig. 38) South West Western Australia; from Mt. Lesueursouth to Cape ol Leeuwin and east to Cape Riche, cxtendinginland to Woodanilling. bl ol Selectedcollections. SE side ol Mt. Lesueur,9 March1919, R. J. Cta lield s.n.(PERTH.): Near Fremantle, la (MEL); s.n.(NSW); Yallingup, 29 Sept.1914, C. lJ. no date,Oldfekl -/19 695 Wooroloo,Nov. 1907,M. Koch al Ostenfeld (C); Karagullen,Brookton Hwy, 6 Oct. 1976,A. S. George14385 (PERTH); Near Cape Riche,20 Nov. 1840,L. Prciss492 (LD); Roadto BIUITKnoll, StirlingRa., 27 Sepl.1966, R. F/.fot 9887 l- (MEL);King Ceorge Sound, 1898, n. Co1lirs.n. (NSW.); + 13 5 km W of Woodanilling,27 Sept. l9?7, A. S. Georse14918 (PERTH). b, Habitat. On the westerncoastal plain in brown or grey sand as a component of wood- land, usually with Eucab2tusmargi atq Donn ex Sm. or E. gomphocephalaDC.;on the b, Darling Plateau in laterite as a commoll uld0rstorey tree in open-forestand voodland c of Eucalyptus margi ata and E. calophylla R,Br.; near the south coast as an emetgent o abovelow open heath. cl b period. Flowering Mainly Octobcr to January. t( Banksio grandis is a distinctive species, easily recognised by its large leaves with p prominent tdangular lobes; its large inflorescenceswith crowded pale yellow flowers; its partly hirsute perianths; its massivs infructescence with many follicles that are not LI

I 'eptstno rerlf HpuDlos'g xec 'tlpuDlor'{ o.rdurnpnu ueuou '(8i8J) d dtuoJ Stt\l 'lulunrc 'I ltelool g qns uou,{s I / log l uol, 'g0t0tL '(rru€JselJn{ul Surpnlcur):tlg :osl :ng :(uosoqcereq) olaa-l .,talxDg ':;Zii';punos,,\^SN -3uty 'puelu- se3 s.e3:oe9 edord luout orSor plcco etg,, :t'rot1o1ttad,(1 elE 'ozlun) (168I)Z8S:Z I<1 uoD ^eU ( rE d) !.lPuopsDDllark./?S (088I) 9t ^oN lo.rd J01r 'rg 'II u lrpuElosBlsIuE{ 111O tUJ ue 'uiJs uJrq lou e^ELluo ellldod\lLll 'Sullllu?poold ruorJ sJa,rolC slrn{ pu" so^"el ll€rus qll^\ sooJlll"rus ere.stu?ld eql rtou s0 . 'arue:rnrlo Jql ]v slo,{\og ou pacnpord s"q (plo sl"e,{ sz ,\\ou sI 1I) eJnl€u q!l PuElurlsoru ',\\ol ,{lluareddeq8noqtlE }nq ltqeq SuIp"erds sll peulelsl s"q lu€Ir"^ slql Jo peesluo{ Il?d SJIS poi,e., Lu ol dn qnrqs Sutplerdslsnqol e 8[IOq'lueJoJrpsI llq?q s8ur; 1e tu€ld V llel € 's3,t?31 oq1 i.,oreroq '1stor qlnos eql Suolv lln{ pu? sla,,lrou Jo ezISeql uI uoos ,{llenstl -uII 'uleld u.relse'\\eql uo 1e!1 ueqt Joqlo uoD"l.rg^ oll1ll s,tloqs lI s"al€ eseql ^ul lgls"oa uoiuuoj,llleiol sI pu" lso^A rllnos eql Jo slseloJ aql q8norql uoLuur-oc .{le^ sI sal.ods oql esnl 'spees '^Lsnorueluods qcnur eleeunc s1i iue :1eeq l€JelEI" ]noqll^\ u:do lnq peuesxe seq( r'lryrr,E 'e8ro.D tIg S V T861 312 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981 A.S half; limb fusiform, obtuse, sparselyhirsute with curled and long straight hairs but usually the alnrostglabrous by anthesis. AntlrcrsI urm long on filamentsof I mn, shortly apiculate. edo Hypogynoussccles narrowly triangular to linear, obtuss, 1.2-1 5 mm long, ftee. Pistil ne\ 23-28 mm long, curved gently down, then upturned before anthesis,slendcr, glabrous; pollen-presenterglobular-conical, 0 2 0 3 mm long and wide, smooth; stigmaticgroove oft oblique; ovirry glabrous. Infructescercemassive, 5 8 cm diam. ; common blacts enlarged, mai indurated; old perianths and stylcs persjstent, gradually wearing arvay. Follicles nuner- stig ous, not prominent,in plan view + slliptic, 10-18mm long, 3 8 mn high,4 8 mm rvide; valves scmi-elliptic, gontly convsx, sometimes with a slight transverse ddge, snooth to wid slightly lr.rgose,densely hirsute when young but soon glabrous; ridge narrow but obtuse, p somewhatcrenulate; suture impressed; follicles usually openingwith fire, to 6 mm wide; gna no lateral beak; lips I mm wide, even. Seerlcuneate, 20 23 mm lolg, seed body I of obovate, obtuse at base, 9 12 mm long, 5 6 n.rmwide, laleral margins gently convex, det not wiirged,upper margin convex,oblique; inner face convex,snlooth, black, glistening; nar outer facc unevenlyconvex, slightly rugose,dark brown, somewhatshidng; wing l0-12 mn wide, t even,dark brorvn, very finely reticulate. Separatorsimilar to seedin shape and size, rather slcnder, impresscd against seed body, thickened but not ridged above, not beaked;wings recurvedat apex. Distributiotl. (Fig. 38) South West Western Australia; endemic to the Stirling Ra-nge. Selected cole ct ions. Slopes of Mt. wanungup,6Oct. 1960, A.M.Alhbys.11. (AD); Lowelslopes ol Mt. Toolbrunup,28 Sept.1966, R. Fitson9029 (MEL, PERTH);Swan River colony, J. Drumnoncl305I.BM, CCE, G, NY, OXF); N. sideof TheAffows, 1t Oct.1970, A. S. Georyel0zl37 (PERTH); Sunmit of Mondurup,4 Oct. 1902,A. MorrisonsrL (PERTH). Habitat. Ir't rocky soil and in sand among rocks (metasandstones),in tall shrubland or closedheath on slopesand summits; lesscommon in gullies on lorver slopes,where oc- casionallyin lorv woodland. Flov,eringperiod. Octobcr to November. may be distinguislrcd from B. grandis by the shrubby habit; the smaller leaveswith fewer, usually obtuseleaves; the villous, persisientinvolucral bracts; the smallerbrorvnish-purple flowers; the narrorv limb with sparse,lolg, deciduoushairs; the very sn,allpollsn-presenter; the infructescenceswith persistcntold llowers; the follicles rernainingclosed until burnt, hirsutebut soon glabrous;and the smallerseeds. Unusual features include the common bracts rvhich shed the dense hairs on the basal half before \. a-nthesis,tbe narrow limb with a fsw long bairs, the brownish purple flowerswhich are scented like Solandrtt ntaxina (Sess6& Mocino) P. S. Green, and the very small pollen- olc presenler. The last pr€sentsits pollen only over the convcx apex. The speciesis closely wi1 related to B. granclis Willd. and may have developed from it. The two are often sym- patric in the Stirliog Rangc but do not hybridise. t2

SeriesQuercinac Meissner in DC., Prod., 14: 459 (1856). 2t: ,Srfribswithout Ugnotubcrs. ,/-.,Qr'c,tserrats or rarely entite. Inflorescencecylindrical T1 (u on short lateral branchlet. Inyolucral brccts pafily glabrous or tomentose throughout. 'dt Perienth fefiuginous, fawn or pirkish-mauve, straight, the limb awned, not or slightly relaxed afier anthesis. Pr.rlii straight or gently curved; pollet-presenter narro}v, 1 5 4 al mm long, snooth or finely ribbed, stigmaticarea lateral or a groove. ifol1ic1e^rnarrowly elliptic to oblong; valves smooth, after dehiscencewithout or with a lateral beak. Cotyl- edotlso\ate to obovate. I 2 Type species:8.quercifolia R.Br., lecto. nov. l, This seriescontains three species-8. bqueri R.Br., B. oreophila A. S. George and B. o1 quercifolia R.Br. The latter two a-rethe more representative of it as here dcfined, being ol chara-cterisedespecially by the awned, non-relaxing perianth, ths pollen-prosenter with 1: a lateral stigmatic area rather than a groove, and the follicles not beaked ofier opening. Developnrcnt of the inflorescenceis basipetal in R. tluercifolia and B. oreophilo, a feahre = seen otherr.risein Banksia only in the section OrcoJryl/J. The unusual characters are the awned perianth and the presenceof a latera-lstigmatic area on the pollen-presenter rather ol than a groove. These have probably developed from an ancestor of the Salicinae type,

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Mqture plant an erect shrub to 3 m tall without lignotuber, much-branched, often intr flowering when less than I m. Bark at fi$t smooth with lenticels, greenish-brown, be- fire coming lightly tesselatedand grey, not friable. Branchlets slender, glabrous, red wben 20- young, remaining reddish-brown for severalyears, a few subulate prophylls on lower part w1 of each shoot and around terminal vegetativg buds. Ieaves scattered but more crowded rid; at apicesof shoots,narrowly cuneate,truncate but mucronate,3 l 5 cm long, 14cmwide, dul margins flat to slightly recurved, prominently serrate, the lobes 2-9 mm long, both sides brc + straight or slightly curved, lobes pungently mucronate with the mucro slightly uptumed; sty lateralnerves [i parallel,at 50'to 70'to midrib but, exceptingthose to lobe apices,dividing Dit before reaching margin, finely reticulate between; lamina glabrous on both sides except Ha a few straight hairs, and on the lower surfacefine wool in shallow lacunae;petiole l-4 mm long; axil often pubescent. Inflorescenceterminating a short, lateral leafy branchlet Seh some distance below main branch apex, rarely terminal to main branch, cylindrical. mrl( Axis 2-lO cm long, 2-3 mm wide, 9-12 mm wide with common bracts, bearing flowers Ro) except for 5-10 mm at baseand 1-5 mm at apex; floral development basipetal. Int'olucral Nar glabrous pubescenttowards apices; bracTssubulate, triquetrous, 5-10 mrr long, at base, Ha but broadened at ap€x, 5 mm branchlets here pubiscent. Common brqcts + cuneate + tall long, densely ferruginous-hirsute, the hairs becoming shofter upwards; exserted gin apei glabroui in upptr half, green, obtuse and slightly upturned Floral bracts srmrlar but apex narrower and smaller, F/owers yellow, olang€ or brown, with ferruginous in- Flt dumentum. Pefianth 23)7 mm long including linrb of 3-3 5 mm and awn of 4-5 mm + straight but awns bent downwards; claws narowly linear, t 0 5 mm wide, slightly the narrowed below limb, glabrous outside at base, densely silky-pubescent above becoming the hirsute below limb; hiriute inside in upper half, otherwise glabrous; limb narrowly fusi- ma form, obtusely keeled, hirsute at base, appressed-pubescentabove; awn filiform, appressed- as pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Anthers rj- 5 mm long including short apiculum; hlament thick, 1 mm long. Hypogynous scales narrowly linear, acute, 1 5 mm long. gradually Stzi Pistil 17-21mm long, gently curved, almost I mm thick above ovary, narrowed brt above, glabrous except the ovary which is densely pubescent with ferruginous apprcssed anl hairs in-upper half; pollen-presenter slightly downcurved, + I 5 mm long, slightly kinked pr( at base, nairowed upwards, obtuse, laterally compressed,the lower side with a dark brown nu narrowly elliptic area which appears stigmatic. Infructesce ce 4-6 cm diam., old flowers Th long periistent, the style becomlng stiffand wiry, remaining brown for someyeats Follicles firr up io 35, in plan view broadly linearand usuallyundulate, 15-20 mm long, 1l-15 mm high, ar€ 4-6 mm wide: valves semi-circular, thickened downwards but contracted above insertion

L Figure 38. Distlibutionof Banl(siagranclis ( ^), B. solandi (a), B baueri(=), B quercifolia(*) Fig and B. oreophila(Y ). 'CY,r uereg tl ls€E qlog) 1!n{ pue.re,rog plo g llerlrlg.Zllqe[ y DltqdoaloDlvluDg 6teln3tC

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13. A. S. George, noln. et stat. nov. (Figule 39) 6m Birsedon B.rrftrr.r4r" tcdolia R.Br. var. integfolia F. Muell.,Fragm.7:57 (Octobei I869). bla< "in mo1 Type citation: cacuminibusmontium Stirlingi notavi". Lecto (here chosen): MEL, "Banksia and a sheet Iabelled by Mueller quercifolia Br. var. integrifolia" with the arnotation "new Tulbilups, Stirling Range, bushy, about 6 ft". The mountain is now known as Dis Toolbrunup. oft Deriwtion of name. Front the Greek oreo-, mountain-, and philo,loving, in refercnceto Sele alon the usual habitat of the species. Han Cotfledons(Fig. 8.11) ovate, with upper margin oblique, 11 12 mm long, 8-l0 mm Stirl Geo) wide, horizontal, flat, dull green with yellow margins, faintly 3-nerved and reticulate; auriclcsdescsnding, almost acute, l 5 mm long. Hlpocotyl stout, l0 mm long, loosely Hat hirsuto, dark rcd. Seedling leaves: first 2 imnediately above cotyledons, I obovate, ope acute, 13 14 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, dentate with 3-5 triangular acute lobes, I 2 mm FIo long on each side, the sinusesU-shaped; margins slightly recurved; laminersparsely hirsute above becomingglabrous, hirsute on midrib below and loosely woolly in lacunae; next 2leaves sub-opposite,higher ones scattered,obovate to narrowly cuneate,obtuse but cor nucronate, up to 8 cm long, 3 cm wide, dontatewith triangular,mucronate teeth 2-4 mm l1ta' long, slightly oblique; lanina narrowedto bascbut scarcelypetiolate; margins flat; glab- asp rous above excepta few hairs along midrib, sparselyhirsute on midrib below, woolly in Sev lacunae, glabrous on lateral venation. Scerl/lrg sterr sparsely hirsute for I 2 cm, then spe glabrous. Ma Maturc plqnt a shrub to 3 m without Jignoluber,much-branched. Sark thin, smooth or lightly lissured, grey or pale grey-brown. Branthlets somewhat angular becoming terete, glabrous, golden-orange or pink, slightly glaucous, sometimes a fcw Iinear-subulate i*. prophylls nearbase, the prophyllsglabrous except in axilswhcrc pr-rbescent,usually decidu- _,& ous. leaves scatteredor sometimesopposite, cuneate to nauowly obovate, ti'uncate, ffi mocronate, 2 I I cm long, 5-25 mm wide, flat, entire or with a few teeth on upper margins, rarely serratealmost to base,the testh mucronate,up to 5 nm long; lamina glabrous ffi above and below except a few short appressedhairs on midrib, and fine rvhite wool in ffi lacunaebelow; lateralnenes at 50'-70'to midrib, not raised,very finelyreticulate between; petiole2 mm lorg, thick, glabrous. Inflorescencecylindrical,4-5 5 cm diam. at anthesis, ffi on shorl lateral leafy branchlet, sometimes terninal; devclopment basipetal. l-xiJ 2 9 cm long, 3 4 mm wide, 1l 12 mm wide with comlnon bracts,without flowersfor + 5 mm tr al base. In'',olucral brocts few, linear-subulate on thick basss,glabrous except for toment- ose bases, persistent to anthesis. Common brects cuneate, 4 rrrm long, densely hirsute; exserted apeK flattened, slightly undulate, obtuse, shortly tomcntose at base, othcrwise glabrous; sometimes tomentose. FIorul bracts similar but shofter and slightly narrower, the apex smaller, scarcely glabrous. Flovers pa'lemauve to pink, sometimespale ferrug- inous, the limb greyish; styles cream. Perianth 20-29 mm long including limb of 3 4 mm m i,,'r and awn of 3 I0 mm, curved gently up then downwards; claws 0 5 mnr wide, tapering, I closelypubescent outside or the hairs somewhatspreading, glabrous inside in lower ha1f, the upper margins pubescent;limb linear to narrowly fusiform, shortly appressed-pubescent, ir- topped by a filiform awn, closely pubescentoutside, downturned; perianth splitting but not relaxing at anlbesis, Anthe5 1-1 5 mm long on filamonts of I 5 mm, shortly apiculate. Hypogynous sccles narrowly linear, obtuse, I 5 mm long. Pistil l52l mm lolg, curved like perianth, slender but rigid, glabrous; pollen-presenter narrower than style, obtuse, laterally compressed,slightly curved with a stigmatic dark area on the insidc of the curve, t4. not groovgd; ovary shortly pubescent about apex, otherwise glabrons. Infructesce ce moderately stout, 5 6 cm diam.; old perianths and styles long persistent,the latter becom- ing rigid; involucral bracts persistent. Follicles up to 20, rather prominent, in plan view Ty' elliptic to broadly oblong, 20-28 mm long, l0-12 mm high, 10 18 mm wide;valves semi Ba circular to semi-elliptic, nuch swollen and rounded in upper part, smooth to somewhat FK rugose, shortly pubescent becoming glabrous where exposed, brown, gold or orange Mr wlien mature; ridge very broad and round, rarely narrow; suture prominent, impressed; follicles opening with fire, to l0 mm across, not recuNed, l]ot beaked. Seed broadly 3-r obovate,22 25 mm long; seedbody semi-elliptic,oblique, obtuse at base,10-ll mm long, = (9)-Zr6l I

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ISZtl S'rr 'Z06I tZ'o8ued'e8uel '{ead 'suolpa LUI€. t :(HIdAd) u s uosuJoNV tro €I Surtrus ssouJo llruurns n paealas ol ea 'sue.I.l"g erll pu" e8uBl{ SurTrrlserll 'uo!fiqlusreJo sur€tunorrt uo'ls"oc qlnos eql r?ou :?{eJlsnv urolselA tsed! qlnos (SE'AIC) se u. 'pe^JncoJ ',{poq 'ezrs uorll s8ul,r :a^oq? pouo)cJql pees lsur?8" qloorus + pu? posseJdrur pu? '1!]1, 'u3^€ 'eplr edeqs ur pees ol .relrurs .totD,lDdas u,roJq-lc"lq T rulu 8I-9I 8ur,r :pelllour ,{ylq8rys'u,norq 'eso8nJ .,{llur"J 'xe^uoc ,ltq8rts eJ?J Jolno :Sururqs -{Je^ 'u,roJq-)c?lq 'qloous 'eprs 'xoluoc + Jeddn uo pouo{clql l€q,\{eruosoo?J Jouur:peEur,r\ lou'opLA ruru 9 'e8to.D bls\abg S'y 318 NuytsiaVol.3 (3)1981 A.! first 2 opposite, immediately above cotyledons, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 25 35 mnr Dir long, 9-10 mm rvide, serrate on each side with 3-4 obtuse lobes l-3 mm long, margins ibir slightly recurved; lanina above hirsute, hirsute below on midrib otherwise loosely woolly; Boi lamna itapering to petiole f 1 cm long; upper leaves scattered, progressivelymore widely Sele spaced (up to 1 cm) and larger, to 15 cm long, 35 mn,l wide, similar in shape and leaf 311 lobing but with many teeth. Se?dling stu ?r densely tomentose and hirsute. alor PEI 196 Mqture plent a shrub withoot lignotubcr, much-branched and bushy, up to 2 m tall, 30 1 3 m wide. Bark less than 0 5 cm thick, lightly fissured, grey, not friable. Branchlets Ha terete, densely tonentose rvith curled hairs and hirsr-rtewith spreading hairs, pale ferrug- qui inous becoming grey; glabrous after 2 3 years; subulate tomentose-hirsute prophylls lan 1-1.5 cm long on lower few cm of branchlet. Leaves nattowly obovate, sometimes Fla oblong, obtuss or relusewith a deciduoushirsute-tomenlose mr.rcro, 4-13 cm 1ong,5-35 mm wide, tapering to petiole of 5-10 mm; margins flat to slightly recurved, serrate almost the to base, the teeth obtuss to acuto, up to 5 mm long. distal side concave; sinusesobliquely wlt U-shaped or almost V-shaped, 2-10 mnr wide; lanrina + undulate, closely tomentose the and hirsute above, becoming glabrous; hirsute on main nerves bclorv with the lacunae Th fair woolly, the midrib tomentoss and hirsute, becoming glabrous except the lacunae; petiole an( hirsute and tomentose; leaves at first pale ferrr-rginous. Inflorescencevery large, on a short lateral branchlet, sometimes terminal to main bralchlet, 12 13 cm diam. at anthesis. th( Axis 7 1.7cm long, 10-13 mn wide, 27 30 mm wide with comtrron bracts. Inyolucral tvF bracls numerous, subulate on thick bases, 6-15 mm long, tomentose becoming hirsute an( towards apices, pale ferruginous; flowers at base of axis usually only partly devoloped, var "involucre". forming a secondary Comnon bracts linear, 9-11 mm long, densely hirsute, the exserted apex conical, slightly upturned, obtuse, tomentose with extrene apex shortly bea penicillate, brown with pale apex. Floral bracts similar but narrow, slightly shorter alll with a small exserted apex. Flowers qeam or ferruginous with grey or gley-brown linb, the awns mauve or ferruginous; style cream. Perianth 58-65 mm long including limb ESF of 3 4 mm and awn of 15 17 mm; clarvsIiliform,0.5 mm wide abovebase;indumentum at variable, closely pubescentto loosely hirsuto, moro densely so on flowers towards apex of als inflorescence, glabrous inside; limb fttsiform-narrowly oblong, somewhat thickened at linl base, hirsute with short or long hairs, often wearing off the lower half; awn fine, hirsute oatsrde. Anthers l'5 mm long on filamsnts of0 3-0 5 mm, shortly apiculate. 1?.1,'p- Set ogynousscales broadly oblong, obtuse 10 truncate, I 1.5 nm long. Pistil 45-55 mm Bat long, gently down-curved then turned sharply uprvards towards apex and geniculate below pollen-presenter which is 1[ horizontal, glabrous; pollen-presenter 2 4 mm long, narrow, finely 8-ribbed, rvith a small smooth apical swelling in which the stigmatic groove s9r is latoral; ovary appressed-pubescentabout apex. InfrLrctescercemoderately robust, cyl the follicles concealed for some years among the persistent old pcriarths and styles; in- cre volucral bracts persistent; axis not nuch cnlarged. Follicles up to 60"in plan view narrowly Pis elliptrc,22-29 mm long, 12-1'7 ntttt high, 8 12 mm wide; valves broadly semielliptic, wrl convex,smoothly rugose, dcnsely tomcntose; ridge rounded; suturefine; folliclesopening op( usually with fire, to 30 mm, somewhat recurved; valves spilt fron stylar poirt leaving beak; lips 1 . 5 2.5 mn lvide, cven. ,9cczlobovate, 32 40 mm long; seedbody obovate, F. obtuse at base, 12-15 mm long, 7-8 mn.rwide, rounded at apex, margins narrowly winged; ba: inner surface + flat but with narrow flange around upper margin, dark brown, very sp( finely spotted, glistening; outer surface convex, very coarsely pittcd with intervening eas irregular ridges, the pits brown, finely spotted, glistening, the ridges dr.rllgrey to creamy- Or to€ brown; wing 16-23 mm wide, culved to stylar side where deeply split leaving broad second- jn po ary lobe. Separator similar to seed shape al]d size, acute or obtuse at base, flat and pre thin against seedbody thickencd with a small overhanging ridge above, a channelled ridge of leading to stylar point, lateralJy beaked but compressed; wings rather thin, strongly and sin often obliquely recurved. st!

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Banlcsiqsceptrum is tentatively placed in this series on account of its robust flowers, hirsute style and proninent pollel-presenter, but in some respectsit also shows a relation- sing ship to the series Cyrloslllls. lr particular the snaller folliclcs and the obovate, crenulate Bra, cotylcdons are like those of several speciesof that scries. brar ast (4)7 SCII sligJ sligl ro ur lonl tern Axi alm 5m mol rugJ and 6rr cr9i sha: a ner, '^A L) liml insi Hy Fjgwe 41. Buttlisias?nala. I\ Habit, : 12 rr tall. B and C Barli. (A llnd C BribieIs., Qld ; B N ol Colls Hrf boLrr,N.S.W.). stra thic 15. Banksia senata L.f. (Figure,11) obt mat Suppl. 126 (Oct. 1781)-Si hltkllard tetruta (L.1.) Kunize, Rev. Ccn. Pl. 2:582 (1891) ^orDlb re,,rda,(L. f'.)Britten, Illusi. .ust.PL Cook. Voy. 3:E3(1905). up "Hqbitut TyPe citation: in Nova Hollardia. I. Banks, Armiger". Lecto (here choscn): higl "Nerv BM, a shect labclled by Banks: Soutb Wales Botany Bay. J.8." and by Robert cloi "Banksia Brolvn serrata Li[n. suppl. Botany Bay." Thc sheet bears a silgle spccimen fine in late bud. Iso: B. C, NSW. side B. aemulaSteber ex Meissner,in DC. Prod. 1,1r,161(1856), nonen nudum, norl R.Br. 9-1 lj. conchifcreC^ertner, De Fruct. 11221,t.48,69-I (Dcc. ll38). No typewas cited, but Gaertncrquotecl verbatiN the diagnosisof r. rd'/drd and refered direcLlyto Lirlnaeusill. Suppl. 126. The nane js there- naI lbre super-fluoLrs. slig B. ',?lrrsJ. Knighl, Prot. 112 (Dec. 1809),nom. ilteg., superfl. Type: as for B. serftta L.l. wa1 B. mediai$ct. Hook.f.,FI. Tasm.1:329 (Dec. 1857), non R.Br'.(1830). pro "8. B. setaefoliq J. Krlight, Prot. 112 (Dec. 1809),noDr. superfl. Knight citcd in synonymy bath serrakl hal A11d(."and B. setalifora Salisb. The formcr shouldbe3. sef/d/aL.f. ard Andrews'figulc is ofthis species. "Only B. serrcta L. l. \ar. hirsuttt R. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. wales 21:462 (189(r. Tlpe.itation: son one clump of this spccicsseen, and that on one ol lhe rangesrt Kelgoola". t havenot lbund any collectio[ to correspondwilh lhis cilation. "Mr. DA B. undulataLindley, llot. Reg. tab. 1316(1830). TJ?rr.i/rlrirrr Lincllcy rclcrred to Campbell, Gar- Co, dc ir1 \\'hosecollection it exisls". Lecto (here chosen):CCE, annotated by dener to the Conte Vandes, "Hort. rea Lild]ey "Banksia undulata B. Reg" and Conitis de Vandes". Cre Cotyledons (Fig. 8.13) obovate, somewhat oblique in upper half, :E spreading, faintly 3-nerved, dull greer, 10 1,1mnr long, 10-15 mm wide; auricles descending to spreading, Sale acutc, 2 nrn.r long. Hl,pocotyl thick, hirsute, rcd. Seedlittg /eales broadly lincar to ob- Tee lanccolate, the 6rst 2 opposite, 2-2 5 n.rn, Iorg, later ones 3 5 5 cm and then to 10 cm NE s.n. long; acute, mLlclonate; margins slightly tecurvcd, dceply lobed alnrost throughout, Nat over half rvay to midrib, the lobcs triangular, mucronate, distal margins shorter than proximal, up to 3 mn long on first leaves,to 6 mnr later; sinusesIJ- or V-shaped;upper VIC sulface of lamina sparsely hitsute chiclly along cantre becoming glabror.rs;lolver surface Pro 197 hirsute on nerves, the lacunac woolly. Seedlingslem hirsute with long, straight hairs and a f'ew short ones. 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S.

Hqbitat, In deep sand on consolidated dunes near the coast and in shallow sand over tu. sandstoneboth near ths coast and in the Blue Mountains, usually in sclerophyllous wood- ' land; often dominant; sometimeswhere stunted a component of tall shrubland. Tvp, Floh'ering period. Jawary to June, florvering later in the south than in the north. erict Banlcsiaserrata is the lectotype speciesof the genus (Sprague, 1940). Unlike several Ban othsr speciesof wide distribution (e.g. B. integrifolia), it is quite uniform throughout its Junt range showing only the normal variation in size of leaves, flowers and fruit. The habit B. el, also varies according to habitat, being stunted in exposed coastal situations. Character- orier istics of the speciesare the vsrrucosebark;the serrateleaves f glabrouson both sides; elali( the large, creany-grey flowers; the narrow, finely ribbed pollen-presenter,and the massive B. se follicles. The closest rela-tivers B. aemule R.Br., of very sinilar general aspect but differ- pollen-presenter. ing especially in the short conical, smooth Bqxksia aemula usually has mm a shorter indunentum, narrower leaves, pale yellow (not greyish) flowers, and larger gre€ presumed follicles. The two speciesare occasionally found together, and hybrids have etec (NSW been collected,e.g. Cooper Park, Bellevue Hi1l, 1948, Johnson 119973). The edor pollen-presenter is intermediatc in form and size, and slightly ribbed, while the indu- upl mentum is shoft like that of aemLdq. mm Less closely related is B. ornatq F. Muell. ex Meissner, a shrubby speciesfrom western acul Victoria and South Australia with smaller leaves, flowers and fruit; it is fire-sensitive, hirs whereas -8. serrqtq ar'd B. aemula ate fire-tolerant. lacu

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ols|uDg '.8rca9 'S'V I86I a

324 NuytsiaVol.3 (3)l98l

or slightly motllcd, glistering; outer face convex, smooth or irregularly ridged and pitted, dark grey-brown; rving 20 32 mm rvide, clrrved to styl?-rsidc rvhere deeply cleft Th Jeavinga shofi secondarylobe, f translucelt, shining grey-brorvnoutside, dark browl'r rvh inside. Separabr obova-te,32-40 nrm long, 22 23 mm wide, moderatelyrobust; base as obtuse,imprcssed by seedbody; wings recurved,dr.rll brown outside,paler and shining inside; a sholt beak at stylar point, with a lou' ridge down line of notch in seedwing. ltl ea! thc B. pl? bn Be an SAI cvi itr Sa

int o11 p. 18

by ust na fol thi ber Figlrrc 43. Disffiblrtion of Bo ksie se ata (a), B. oenula (r), .at1dB. orkata ( f ). pr( (Fig. Distribution. 43) Quecnslandand New South Wales: in near-coastalareas from clc Bundaberg(25"S) to Sydney(34"S). Sclected_collections..QUEENSLAND: Howard, between Maryborough and Bundaberg,13 Sept.1930, \ai$ Watsolt!05! (llRl); 24 km N of CoolulrlBeach, about 130 km N. of Brisbane,3a Jan. 19?6,p. n. S,{a/pel9?5 (BRI); 4 niles (6 knl) S of Pt. Lookoul,Stradbroke ls., 17March 1968,G. Tnpnetts.n.(.URI). NEW SOUTI-IWALES: ColTsHarbour, June l9l l, "/.,. ,.,.,rnd, (NSW);8 kn E of RalimondTerrace, 1 May1975, ,{. S.(;"(),se 13034 (CANB, NSW, PERTI{); Mourh of CtarenceRiver, l880, Fawrclr (MEL) ; BotanySwairps near Botany Bay,20 Mafch i957.l,. L. ttlilror 465(NSW). H-abitat. Comn\on1yon consolidaterlsald dunesespecially near ths ooast,as a component "Wallun.r" of either sclcrophyllouslow woodlandor tall shrubland(called in Quccliland); also_in swales_and on sandy flats, thc latter somelimesseasonally waterlogged, and in sano ovel sal-Idstol]s. Flovering period, Mainly March to Jule, brit somctimes at other seasols. _ .As with Banksia asplenifolia Salisb., so \yjth Banksia serratifolia Salisb. (1796) there has beenmuclr discussionas to thc applicationof thc lame. Thc natneB. aenu]o R,Br. was used tluoughollt the lgth century, except by O. Kuntze who took \p seffatifolia in combinatior wrlh Sirntuellerq(which nobody followed). ln 1921,Dornin used scrrarl- /blia, and the epithet rvas later used in New South Wales, e.g. Beadle, Caroljn and Evans "this (1972), Blakc (1959),having looked inio the matter (notei at BRI), sratedthlrt identificationis uncertair and Domin's action should not be followed": nor has it becn in.Qucensland,e.g. Lebler (1972). The protologue of B. seffati/oliqwas brief and des- cribed only the leiwes: "5. B. foliorum laminis rectis, tineari-lanceolatis,profundc scuatis, trulcatis cunl [lL]crone,adultis utrinque glabris.planis. B. serrataLinn. Suppl.p. 126.dirersissima species est. lx Part J.tcAi,'naucl. Jrc. Lec." ' 'orFLIIuei 'lf ( V S €l{ alqrEl,{) IIeg g ( V S i Jo S) llt} Ir 8- I \IqeH-Y otouto t)ts\uDg ernBtJ a I] sll' -se u01 SIq SIIl -ut ul 'rg 3Je

UI :(p 1u0 ti', 'oce 'v'(Iu '0€6

'uoos ',{lunlsu qc€ar ^\oJ q8noql uolJo 6l? s8urTpoos luJnq posolc 'lo^a,\\oq 'lm.rJIrlun tuo ul?ruer lo eJrrleruueq^\ Ilsnoeu"luods uedo ,{eut l"ql selcrlloJrllJ,t\ aullold '1u"l3lo1-elu sles 1I u.lnq " JaUs slooqs ctru:octde f,q 8ut1no:ds sI DfLuaD Dlvlutlg '(DtoJ,tas'g oas)popJoceJ ueoq e^?q o,!\1 oql uee,rloq splrqdq peurnse.rdl"le^os luroJlsnJ f,1uanost o|ottas g Jo 1?ql 'epprru erll ,\\oleg rcpt( sr ofLaap g qrull qlu?uod oI{J spees solcJlloJ elrq,tr Jo 'sel"elPu" :eaie1 eqf pue (o1nt.tasuI ru?ola-qsl{el3) s:o,trog aro11o,{-uoutsleltd eqt lo,lror:?u 'DlnalaD ,tlenin eqr-'sleyqcu?Jqeq] Jo tunlueurnptll lloqs eql ur esocll.IJel o.lour ^1?nst si-qcrqu 4ruq eql ere srJuoJoJlp snol^qo sse'I roluose:d-ue1od pedeqs-qnlc eqt fq peqirr8uqsrp eq,{1tste ,{euLliq J 1lttt).t.tas B' 01 pe}"to.l ,{1aso1cdrel st tryataD D!$luttg 'J'-I 'g '(096I 'urEels '9881 nwttas 3o st .{roltsodel s.lslu€log s,\\oJpuv,rI el"ld oqtrpu€ 'ilettug) i.lq8ruy;o 1xe1orll qcnur e1o:,u f,rnqstleg l?ql elqt:gord sl 1I ,,'19-'d Iro.{ Jo '28_'u 'deu 'tog '€tr?r.ros ',{tu,{!o 'rpoi4 :qdqeg ;eryogqeuos g cI runc urrpuY 9,, 'qli^\ '(6081) -u, s ;r pesn sr o11olao.r.tasou?u eql ,,oeealord Jo rep.lo lulnl?N oql ol 8ul 'I -3uo1ei1sjuel4 eqr;o uow^qlnJ eql uo,, s,lq8lux uI oculs J tltD{.QS ot sreJeJDuolltz'lras eurei 6qr .qeIII o.Iou sI tI ]3q uI ueeq seutllouros s?q outeu s,,{rnqslles leqt 'erueuP.Ildd? qcq,{\ 01 uox?} eqt loJ 'JA'd DUU|aD'{ pl€^ lxeu erF 3sn pue umlqnP ueuou ? lI :ipriuor a-rog:raqtl''gstlas DuoluDLtasDtvluog eui"u-eq] Jo uolt?cldd? aql 01 s" eruopllo urig oruesqe oql uI llJqlrdJ Jaqunu e ue,lt8 se,t sosec uI selcads ou€s ;o Jo l€Joaes'so,\?o[ eqJ Jlnl?lJuaruou IUDJ eql ul uolsnJuoc elq"roplsuoc s",t\ elerlJ oJnl€ul pu€ 'selceds eliuo,rnf'8ur1paos ueJ\\toq IllerJJdso trlr'lr1rB'Jose^€el eq] uI uowlle^ esnesog '{J€ul Jo 'dfueu 6qi go uo4ecqdde eqt ol se -{luleuoaun slg 8ul}eclpul uollsenb e qlra lnq 'DlnLuaD ru,{uou,{se sE Dllo.tltDl.taspopnlcul JIesuIq ui.\or8 Br se u,'\\oJB-^.q poLueu truelo aq! sl DlloltDt,tas €r l€ql uolsnlcuoc eql ol pel seq sorcadslcullslp dJeA B st DJD.uasg slH 'uollcolloc slql ,a\es,{JnqsII?s l?ql uo_Il?clpul ou sI 0-r0qJ lueql 1eql lustuuloc 'peqsnr8uqslp eteredss ol srelcereqc ou oJe e.reql allue^nf ut 1nq ^Jls?o luolslsuoc J?el 'g '€' '3 eq ,{I1znsnu"o sorcedso,r1 osoql e8z1oJ ernleu v[ olnLuaD Jo P]a as J0q1r0sI 1l 'ellq,\l\- : sa^eel elruo^nf rltla lelqcu"rq IIBLus€ sI puE pulq s.qlruIs ul ,,16r l rtr I sel"lN Suru qlnos-.rrN,, pelleqtl sI SFII euo Sulldecxe'punoJ uooq e,.utl ttllolt|ot.ras g se es"q NNI'I 1" 'elqo^oJ palerouur sleeqs .,{rtrodrueluoc oN e}?luep e;ou sr s3et1o.1ollue^nl lnq ]€q,'\\ u,1^.o. 'dl5{ltun ieuos pue elgluop oll1ll e ,{[uo oJ" l"ql su6r?tu Jeel s€q ^llensn 1I aculs sI ls€l oI{J uelc 'tg'6 'g ''Jg'1.5 bsopryod B Jo J'I otD.uas DfLuap g ol .,(ldd" ppoc uollducsop oql pu? 'eBJoeD 'V ,?sr/arg S I86I -

NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981 A. S.

17. Banksiaomata F. Muell. ex Meissner(Figure 44) poin Linnaea24:352 (Aug. 7854)-Sirmuellerao,rrdld (F. Muell.ex Mcissner)Kuntze, Rev. cen. PL 2:582 obo\ (1891)_ woe "Versus IOUI: Tlpe citqtiotl: Villnugam et in fruticetis montium Marble-ranges, Febr." Lecto pltte (here "Banksia chosen): MEL labelled,in Mueller's hand, ornata Fer. v. M11. Versus l1tm (MEL "Banksia Yillnugam I Febr. 51" 52587). Syn: MEL, labelled ornata Fer. v. Mll. bro\ Ad basismontem Marble-rangesin fruticetis.Febr. 52" (MEL 5258or. in sl B. ornataF. Muell. ex Mcissnervar. r'rr/aE. Ashby,Exprcss and Journal(Adelaide), 27 July 1935,nom. versl illeg.(without Latin description). Dist Cotyledons (Fig. 8.15) cuneats with upper angles slightly rounded, { 8 mm long, Kan 10-11 mm wide, { recurved,faintly reticlrlate,medium green, Lrppernurgin convei; Vic. auricles i- vertically descending, acute, 1.5 ml]r long. Hypocotll short, + stout, glab- and rous, pinkish green; seed coat oftel retained as "collar" about hypocotyl. SceTliag Selet leaves: first 2 or 4 opposiie, close above cotyledons, narrowly obovate, 15-25 rrm long, Geor, 5-8 mm wide, obtuse, sonretines mucronate; margins somcwhat recurved, serrate with Is., i 2-4 triangular acute or obtuse lobes l-2 mm long, the sinusesobliquely U- or V-shaped; s.n,( upper surfacc and lower surface on midrib and llerves hirsute with spreading white hiirs; MEI lacunae of lower surface loosely white-woolly; petiole winged, hirsute; upper leaves vIc Littl( crowded; increasing in size up to 12 cm long and 3 cn wide, r]arrorvly obovllte, truncate 1948 or emarginate with short mucro; margins slightly rgvolute, serrate \vith somewhat oblique. HaL acute,triangular teeth up to 3 mm long, sinusesusually V-shaped;upper surfrce hirsute son] with long spreading hairs and often with curled ones along midrib, becoming glabrous; lower surface hirsute and pubesceltt with straight and curled hairs on n.ridrib and nerves, Flot somewhat persistent; lacunae small, white-woolly. Seedling stent densely hirsute, moI Mature pldnt a shrub to 3 m tall without lignotubcr, much-branched, br.rshy. Sterr up to 10 cn diam. Bark 24 nrm thick, finely lissr"rred,not friable, gtey. Brunchlets shrr slightly ribbcd, denselyhirsute to pubescsrt with short curled and long hairs, palc to deep itd ferruginous, becoming glabrous after 2 3 years; a few thick, linear, tomentosc bracfs inf near bass. Zca'es narrowly obovate to obovatc-cllneate, obtuse to truncate, shofily lies ogi( nucronate, 3 l1 cm long, 4-25 mm r.vide,tapering to short petiole; nrarginsllat to sligltly recurved,serrate except near base, the teeth triangular, acute or obtuse 1 3 mm long, sinuses U- or V-shaped; upper surface hirsute and plbescent with lo11gand short pale 18. ferruginous hairs (trore dense along nridrib) becoming glabrous; lorver surface similar on nerves,the lacunaeloosely rvoolly; lateral nerves at 60"-70'to midrib, finely reticulate Ttp bet\reen. Inflorescenceon shofi latcral branchlet usually f r,vithin shrub, occasionally cho terminal to main branchlet, -j broadly cylindrical, 7 8(9) cm diam. at anthcsis. ,4_rrs Riv 5 8(ll) cm long, 5-6 mm wide, 1922 mm wide rvith comnon bracts. Inyolut'ral bracts Riv linear-subulate on short thick bases, 5 10 mm long, pubescent densely to hirsutc, the carl outef ones grey, inner ferruginous,mostly deciduousbcfore anthesis. Common bracts linear to narrowly cuneate, 7-8 mnr long, densely hirsute, the exsertedapex : depressed- conical, upturned, obtuse, closely pubescent with pale brown curled hairs and a few long CIEI hars. Floral bret:ts sitllilar but narrower and shorter with small hirsutc lpices. F/nrr,eri mal cream with greyish-creanrlimb, sometimes pale ferruginous; style creanr with deep pink glat pollen-pressnter.Perianth 30 35 mnr long including limb of 3 4 mm. I straight with 34 limb upturned before anthesis; claws filiform, 3 4 mm rvide, shortly hirsute outside, glab- ori rous inside; limb narrowly elliptic, almost acute,densely hirsute with both short, curled ofl and long hairs. Anthers 2 5 nm long on short filaments, shortly apiculate. Hr-pogylous lam scales narrowly oblong-ovate, obtuse or irregularly lobed, t I .5 mnr long. Pistil 35-38 16r mm long, alnost straight but cuncd upwards in upper l/3, slightly geniculatebelow othr pollen-presenter, often sparsely appressed-pubescentfor a few mm about ovary, glabrous above; pollen-presenternauowly ovoid, obtlrse,1.5 2 mm long, filely ribbed: stigmatic ans groove oblique; ovary appressed-hirsuteabout apex. Infructas(:enceof moderate size, pinJ cylindrical-ovoid; old perianths and styles long-persistent. Follicles up to 50, in plan bro view elliptic, 15 20(30) mm long, 4-8 mm high, l0 15 nrm wide; valves scmi-elliptic, IOII] convex, + smooth, densely tomentose-hirsute, grey; ridge rounded, suture very fine; brlt follicles usually opening only with fire, up to 20 mm across, rccurved, split near stylar lonl t 'p3^rrco.Ltltq8lls 'epl{\ '3uol qt[^\ el"lueP o1 leu su6l?ut :uoor8 urJ t T lnoq8no]ql llnp'eleuorcnur ruc o1 Suuede] pue xede spr?,\\ol po^\oJl€u ,{11q311s ^llJoqs }nq i SZ-8'olorled'Suolqo 'lelqcu"tq el?cunrl radra1 snonplcop uoos Jo es"q .rEeusll{qdojd esoluoruol 'e}erol-J?eurT ',{e]3 ,{lesuep'asnlqo :sree",{[-Z JoU" snolqelS Sululosoq uoql'u,\\olq t 'luoJsaqnd Ier€Aes 'et"uls el"d ,{lossop pu" ,'{lesolc l?q,\\euos spltpltDlq tl,\\olq ?l3d Jo )uld qsl{eJ8 'otq?uJ 'esocn.ue^ '{clql uc :lnols :eqnlou8ll " olo{ Sulslls c 'ur€ Z )l"q ltirr.g surols [?Je,\€sqlr,r ,4llensn]a]l?l eql I ol qnJqs " .ro ur 0I o1 ee4 z uold a'raow s 'osolueuol pu? elnsrlq ,{lesuep aiaTs3r11p?as so^ecl lslg uI s" osltlJerllo 'luoassqnd urnluerunpur -{les:edsecejrns leddn :8uol uru g o1 dn soqol qll{\ epl.'Kruur 9I 8 '8uol 'peceds ', ulc 0l ol dn dlspr,$ eloru Sululoceq se,leel .req8tq :,([oo,\\ -,{losuep"unu€l 'quprur pue qlh\ elnsJlt{ eultu?l p eql uo elnsrrq ec"JJns Je,\\ol :sJI?q pelJnc lq8r€lls Jo -( oc?-]rnsroddn:pe^rncer,{pq8r1s su6:eru : pedeqs-Asosnuls:8uol tutu soqol elrce lo 'epl\\ t-Z '8trol rl esnlqo reln8ueul ,{lenb1lqoolur qIJpIu o} ,(",\ t/€ pephlp tuu.l ZI 6 ulc t E 'e1nce 'e1z1oecuc1 'snoJq?13 + Z tsrg :suopol,{}oJ o^oq? pep,lro.lasatoal SaUpaaS uooJ8 ) ')tcrr{l 'l.roqs 3uo1 ruur 'esnlqo 'Sulpuo3sep ,{llecl eA selaun€ :ul8r€u ,', {rcJodtH [ '[ISJeuI pal eug qll{\ ueer8 gq8trq + tl?rl te,\\ol uI pe^Iou ,{llul?J ]eddn 8uol" etr"FueJc iSurpeards'epltr '3uo1 'etu^oqo -t ruur 91-g1 ulur tI 0I .{lpeorq (St g 8tg) suopafto2 _ SI uorlc0lloc I"crioloolst el ur suerurceds3ur1rl1.r3 '119 :peqceu" oN,, 8et q1t.u Joserg s"qJ rt\ Jo^rU 'll\l,,€Z ,,1631 'Jos"rc 'e€rl 're^Iu ,t,/. ue,&s,, peltoq?l'>I:osl l IIto{ 8z8I ,{"hl pcor Y 'oN ,,.'("elc"tr s!. ue,{\Sles?Jd tZ "ISIueg .rBX rls3lzuej^{"ISIuBg!, u,to:g,{q pelisq"l'[,\g :(uesoqc rl 're^e{ p?'plcco-pueru BJO,,:aolwtD adtJ ereqj o1ce1 ..'resery C 168l ut,ng dtr eli '(1681)289:Z lal seD ^e]J'ez]un)(rgU) llsalzudlup.laPttturls (0t8I) 9t ^oN lord JE 'rg '8I l{ llsolzuotll BIs{uB{ ell 'snourSnJ.ral 'uollBue,{ ,{D 01 ruee.rcuro.rJ sollt?,\ Jlloloc le.\\og eql lnq I?c6o ,{n -loqdroru cllu sr e]erlJ lsse oql esoql pu" ]sey'Ar{}l1os eql esoq} u00,{\1eqsell lseoc Jo 'pu?Jo slc 'souos oql s.requou leqlo olo{ pelelost ,{lltcrqderSoe8 e1tq,u "Jl€llsnv qlnos uI Jo der Dryla,g sercedso,{\l ,{luo euo sl }I DttlJtas'g er\It"l3J-lseu sll ulo4 s.roJlp1l Jo Jo 'sr^?ol J'l 'ltq?q ',{qqn:qs sla slr?lep esoql ul lrnU pue sl€,\\ou Il?Lus pu" sno:eqn1ou811-uou sll .(q posuolr?Jeqc snlltsotltlo seuos oql Jo sotcedso^Ilcurlslp e sr Dlou,toDtsluog 'sqluoul '8uuds .so, lsorrr ur peprooor uooq e^"rT s.re,\\ou:llq pu" Jelul{ Ilultr^d pouad Suuauolg :sn 'ru?ol fpu"s (eltzlrenb) f,lcoJ uI seru4oruos 'lD|lqoH eln :pu"lpoo^\,ro[ sou.rr]eorosro pu"lqnJqs e3ll"tu 'ql?eq qll\\ puts deep fi tl]f-rsn 'en elEl qcrEr 'sLrDr.rLLrerDeql 'e?ued)rcErs :(1ar,{) DpDav 'rrr, "$ot?/ ;1"';ll'4a1r;{J "ttif.'i l 9 Jo'696I /A '{red ttJo seA :oASN)t98Z s;tr.rg I g lco 0Z lEuoIlDNptotrod,!!\ 1rc{ ernlDN01t'I punou : VIUOICIA :sJr '>I) g€VatlrpL y 'ZS6I ?nv 'q]!o) (url 'n,.,nnf :pi, tpads I I n 'e{ il Jo EN 9l).9tt1.,Of 'S96Tlrnc 1{O$g,l{ tiltt"n'S'926I IIrdVt'ournoqqsv ,{Uo'I tm :(,{\SN)SS60Z0 sdltt!4d Z J,\l ldestZ'sI gtl^ ooretui;'re.nig uecrreluvtuo{ (urI solltu :(Hfdtd ',^^SN''IAhl 'SNV) 'Ida 'aY) glltl a&oDD '3u( 'S 'V '916t 'elnsulued 8)"eI S .{tl^l iZ erfg elqrPtr^IJo pue S : VIIV}JSnY HLrlOS suoltrallorpat)aPs 3o!1, 'uoll01s13Jr"eu puB -q?l 'tso,\\ su€rdurpJDerll ul s? s€ s ese(I alDr-I pue 8Ia oql uI dgerqc lEJluec JP,Jerll^"cl^ Ilo^\ 'epr"lepv ur:JerqruBD pu" ooleuurd u00,\\1eqls"e-qlnos eql pue puelsl ooJ€bue) '3uc ll^tr 'uoltnq!.ltslo '"Jnsuruod€J,{E urorllnos'VS ur:euolcr^ pu" "rlE.rtsrlvqlnos (Et ?tc) 'pe,\.Ince.r 'e^oq€ 'utou s8ur,r ilurod re1f,1sol {clql ? qll{\ o8pu osJo^ ', 'lslrqoJl?eq 'ezts -su€rl 3u6u?rlJe^o " poq poos 1sul"3" l"U ,(leltteporu pu? od?qs uI fcql 'ePIsuI peos 01 l€lrrurs ,to\ondag 'oprslno Surulgs t"q,\\euros pu" Jeled pu? u,{1.o.Iq .III/ Ilnp 'epl{\ 'oqol -,{repuoces 8ul^€ol peqclou . oJoq.,\\opIS rel.{]s o1 po^.Ir]3 uru Ir?p lleus 'spu"q ldoop stlsJi g1-g1 8uru.:u,rorq slrd eql ru€ora qlL\\ u,{\oJqel"d o1 4zp'eso8nJ pu" pellld ry"p 'u,roJq 'l€U olce' -{Fe1n8eurec"J rolno :SuruolsrT8dDq8rls deep'qloorus + ec?Jreuur :pepunoJ 'xe^uoc el8u? J?8s-rlue :peaulr ,{[,totJ?u ,llq8lts o] lq8leJls sulS.leul l€.l5t"l :opl'!\ '8uoy 'os?q 'el"ouno '01?^oqo uru uru l? etnc? T -,{poqpees :8uol luru 9Z-lZ II 'eprs0I I t-8 'epl,t pras relfls-Ilu" uo Jep?orq Suuloceq ruur 7 1 sdl !1teq e 3ut.teel lutod 'oBJoeO z)rrtlrr€, S V 186I ( -

328 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981 A. S. triangular teeth 1 2 mm long, the teeth obtuse to acute, regular to slightly oblique; sinuses shallow, U-shaped, 2-9 nrm wide; upper surface of lamjna densely and closely tonentose with short curled hairs interspersedwith a few long ones especiallyalong midrib, becoming glabrous; lower surface hirsute and tomentose on midrib, the lamina closely rvoolly, becoming glabrous except lacunae; indumentum pale r brown except thc white wool of the lacunae; petiole 8-17 mm long, closely tometrtose. Inflorescencebroadly ovoid-cyJindrical, terminating branchlet of recent growing season,rarely older, conspicuous, 7 8 cm diam. t at anthesis. Axis 4-12 cm long, 6 8 mm rvide, 15 22 n.rm wide with conmon bracts, without flowers in basal 5-l0 mm. Involucrql bracls linear-terete on - thick bases,mostly 5-13 mm long, the outer thicker than ths inner, detrsely tomentose-villous, pale brown, mostly deciduous belore anthesis. Connon br.tcts cuneate, 5 7 mrn long, clenselyhirsute rvith deep ferruginous hairs; exserted apex transversely conical, obtuse, slightly upturned, L' densely tomentose with a few longer hairs also, whitish to pale brown. Floral brqcts similar but slightly shorter, narrower, rvith small rounded exserted apex, indumentum as in comrnon bracts. -Flo ers usually pale to deep pink or red lvith silvery indumentum, I becoming pale to cream towards base; sometines pale yellow, chocolate or ferruginous throughout; style similar but ofter more deeply coloured in upper half. Perianth 29-38 lr mm long including limb of 5 6 rrrm, + straight with limb upturned before anthesis; claws 0 5 mm rvide tapering uprvards, appressed-pubescentoutside, glabrous insidc; lin.rb linear, almost acute, appresssd-pubescentto hirsute with a ferv longer hairs at apex. Anthers 2 mur long on filaments of almost 1 mm, shofily apiculate. Hypogynous s&les i linear to narrowly obovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, frce. Pistil 37-41 mm long, straight [- then bowed upwards in upper third, stif and wiry, glabrous but nTinr.rtelypapillose in upper half, wjth a nauow quadrangular neck below pollen-presenter; latter larrowly fusiform, slightly swollen at ttase, 2-2.5 mm long, 8-ribbed, obtrLse; stigmatic groove oblique; ovary shortly hirsuts about apex, othsrwise glabrcus Inftuctescence robu,sl, Figur the common bractsthickened, together with floral bractsforming prominentspiral patterns; old perianths and styles soon deciduous. Follicles up to 25, prominently exserted, in plan vierv narrowly obovate with the stylar side thickened then contracted to a beak; Its c 25 35 ml long, l0 15 mm high, 10-15 mm rvide; valvesbroadly semi-ellipticbut curved oent to stylar side, convex, smooth, very closely pubescent with curled hairs, mottled dark yel!c brown and grey; ridge obtuse; folliclesusually openingwhen mature, to 30 mm acrossi perli valves recurved,split from stylar point leaving a prominent beak; lips 1.5-3 mm wide, wher broadening slightly to anti-stylar side. Sccrl l obovate, 23 30 mn long; seed body bein obovate,obtose at base,l0-lI mmlong, II 14mmwide, latelal marginsnarrowly winged; part irner face + flat muricate with flattenederect processes,dull black, slightly glistening; tribr outer surface somewhat convex, irregularly pitted around margins, ! reticulate, palc Oth( grey-brown; wing 20-25 mm wide, curved to slylar side where notched, black inside, WAII grey-brown o\tside, Separutor obovate, similar to secd in size, + obtuso at base, flat The againstseed body, with shallow pit-markings,thickened above but not or slightly over- seen hanging,rvith a thick beak to stylar point; wings robust, rccurved. grov Distribution. (Fig. 45) South West Western Australiaj near the west coast fronl ths R.Br Murchison River to Pinjarra,mostly rvithin 50 km of the coast,but ESE of Perth extending the r to 125km inland. Meit Selectedcolle(ttuns. Yuna, Scpt. 1930, t. /s,6r.),s.n. (ADW); MurchisonR., no date,l. Oltlfieltls.n. (MEL); AuSl SwanRiver, 1839,J. Drummands.n. (CGE, OXF); NE o[ LakeIndoon, 9 Malch 1971,A. S. George 11781(PERTH); Bushmead, Sept. 1963, R. .4.Salfrey 88 (MEL, PERTH); 17 krn dueNE ot Brookron, betweenJufakine Pool and YenyeningLakes, 3l Aug. 1979,R. "L Hndtiuk790124 (PERTH); Kings Park, 19. I Juiy 1924,C. A. Garnner995 (PERTH). 1 2t582 Habitat. In deep white, grey or yellotv sand, sometimeswith lateritc or linestone at depth; when arborescentas a componentof low woodland often associatedwlth B. qttenu- Tlpe ald R.Br., B. ilicifolia R.Br., Eucobtptusmqrginata Donn ex Sm. and E. tadtiand F. Muell. ; (ubi occasionally associatedwith Xylomalum angusti;foliumKippist: when frutescent, in mixed 396. open-heath,tall shrublandand Iow shrubland. in th period. Flowering February to August; a few flowers sometimes in late January and in thick September. obtu 'otrsoddo 'pet'snoJq?le 'l|xr\lt '3uo1 'esqqo o,rl tsrJ :sa1'oal3u11paag l&uodtH ruru Z 'surpEerds 'e^oq" :l-. 'Jl?q ')Jltll salcune :uooJ8 IInp ol"lncller Je.'\\oluI po^reu-[ ,{tluIPJ 'epl,r '8uol '8ulp?olds '01"^oqo tuur gI-?I rulu EI-ZI ^lp?org (tI 8 3lg) suopafQJ 't{g 1" uollcolloc lec6olodJ"c eq1uI ',^NSN'>I 'I^1g ',,208I 1ln4 8uno,{ " sr ereqJ :os1 ,{u"I ls"oJ rllnos ,{eg,{1cn1 965 'rpord 'r{g ?sorcadssls{u"g 82,, u,{\oJg .{q pel?louu€ :(uesoqc ereq) o13o-I ,.(^ ^ I91) l' 'e:on{ edord srsoxesuI :pu?-l sul{\e'I :qellsn? gto e€Ipu?lloH e"^oN uL, :uollolD aoq 'ut,{[!r1i]f89'z 'til usD '^eu 'ozlun) (rg osapa(tsota atluuts-(6t8l qeg) tLopuo'Itog {) 0lz:0t '{. (9t eln8rd) :g )I esolcadsB.r$Iu8{'6I

'J.I DtDJ,tas q8noql ^l"Icodse '"IT?:IlsnY :(: Er 'Jeusslohtr uJols€eur serJeseql Jo sercodsqlr,{ Iull ur"ur aql ,(lq"qoJd st llsalzuaw DtPluDg. um,4dacs'g pue Jeusslet{ DuDalppLln'g eJa llsatzuaLug q1r,trctrledur,{s sllttsoIuo eql "Jg -d 3u sJequour dluo eqJ '"rl"rlsny uJelse^\ ls"oc qlnos eqtr 1uo{ selcedsqfoq Jo 'g Jo eq osolcads pu" Jg { lnJxDq g ,{lqtgord e.tt nsaEuaw I Jo se^4€leJ lsesolc oql 'spnq uoll"Itlul eql e.IoJ€g'8uuds olel ut q1,tor3 Jo ',to11e,{ -.I€ .rou slr secnpord sarcedseqJ 'sJe,4\ou.snoulSnJleJ Jo el€locoqc eltd qlJ,!\ uoos 'sop?qs e:e s1ue1d.(11euo1secco pu€ doop 01 el€d luo{ olq?Irel JIesU sr IuId I€cld,& oql l"l 'sorc€ds loqlo i'oa ut uE\11!!sa!zua& €r uI sno.le(unuololu eJ€ stru?I.l?AJnolo3 'snue8 _'Polu"llc,tr el€ sr uorsr.lrp I€ruJoJ ou pue eql Jo IEcId,{l elrnb st uorlsut,t leclSoloqdloul Jeqlo 'Jeqnlou8{ " ro slooqs crruroctde Jeqlls tuo{ oJg ol puodssl slu"Irel qlo{J uot1trqpl :3r 'uorsl^Ip -srp ro ruiir; :reqlrour'Jele,roq lnc-r€elc ou sI €roqJ qnrqs e ,{llensn sr lI u?d :p. uJoqlJou eql ul ollq,{\ re^Q{ oql qlnos eSuers1t lltd uroqlnos oql uI eerl ? 8ul€q fp, IIIH Jo 3o 'oln}eru 'lrq€q ul €lq?rJ"^ sr sorcedseqJ ^lj?e ,{JeA_snonplcop sre,\\ou plo eql uoq\\ uedo .,{11ensnqclll,r selcllloJ polltoul lueurtllord :ol,{ls osollld€d pu" snolq?F u :sq}u?ued :ss fln :iinq errjl rir ru5rus8ui:J" lueuttuo:d B 8ul^"q srelrrog (u,torq ro ,'to11e,4 {Jr I?cltre^ '01€1uep per sourrleuros) poJ IInp 01 lurd glru secuocserogullueuturord :se^ual uee.r3llnP :{E ,(luoqs Buolqo oql :erg Jo lu"relol llqsq 1u0cs01n{.Io luecsoloql? €ql er? salls[lslc"r"gc s}I 'sercedspougop ,{lJ?elcE st 's!l&soqltO sorJesogl sJoqulolu eTll'l8alzualu Drsluog UI Jo ll" :su '1Sn '(L)osa!)ads g ( i') )llsalzuau g Jo uorlnqulslcl si alnSlJ PLte e,\o flar uI{ r Lf -l) xq;l salp l _rf"-\ _ tzLL r r i I r-ail I I qrul ] i it-frasif*/'. l'd:lu*ti S,,!\? llt j j i 8E-( I I ^i^ .lpl.-","'li l snot \.a 'lun i runl -i r f j - sJ)D, \ - t - I r r F\ I 'peu -r el11s. \^*-/l_+llIIIir i;f i' 'u.{\( ' .{1lsc I i I i i P\*rbr-aci 'slae 06i--6 1\ 'ru3l 'l"cr" OTI1 t-sl^'tHl-Hrnos t l l | | I i t r I -i : \. ',{llo(J a\ vr-vu-snvNr!-Lsi/r\ Surru $N esolrl sosn[ '53lo0o l2/J]/rt€' S'V I86I( 7

330 NuJtsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981 A. S.

and acul filar

abo 4-5 upp hirs awa lonl alor off ope mm 9,1 flat1 the wid + bod Figsre.46.-.Banksia:tecrora A-Dead stcmof bumtplant,with seedlings(Espcrance, W.A.). B Habit, side 4 m tall(W of EsDerancc.W.A.). cm Dis Mt lsa immediatelyabove cotyledons, oblong-ellipticin o'tline but divided alnost to midrib with 3 lobes or eachside, the lobes I obliqLrely'siclctrilrngulitr, mucronate, the distal sjde the Sele shorter and convex, 3 5 nm loug,_pr.oxi oral c6ncave,apex acute, silus angulai, onI margins slightly 196: rec'rved;.upper surfiicelooscly hirsLrte beconririg glabrous; lorvcr sirface A.i white-tomertoss,the midrib also hirsute; next 2lea\cs sub-oppoiiie,l0 l3 cm long, ther scattercd and 20--25om long. s-eedling ste nt closely to mentose'with } hite hairs, wit"h'afew H.l longer ones lvhich soon wear ofl lan

, Mqture plant a, shr:ub, without lignotubcr, single-stemnrcclat basc, widely branchecl Flo abovc, rLsuallyup to_6 m tall, sotltctines to 8 m. Brzrt _ smooth, gtey. Brun(hlets isi stout, vclutinous with brorvn hairs. t.a|is scJtlered.broadly lineai,-2o' 45 cm long, 2 4 cm wide, truncatc with an obtusemucro, divided to midri6 into 2iJ 4z lobes, rareif e3 with adjacentlobes unitsd bLrtsonlctimes ovcrlapping at base;lobes .p triang'1ar,aiternat'e ali or oppostte,marglns convcx with the distil slightly shorter than the proxinral, mostly larl 1 2 crn long but smallertowards baseand apex of lamina u'herc I 5 nrir long, 1-2.5 cm wit widc at midrib; margin lecurved; each lobe rvith 3 l0 nervesconverging toivarcis apex, atl reticulatebetween: nerves l]ot cvjdent on upper sr_rrface;petiole 0.5 icl; long, flattened 1tS abovs, densolytontentosc; lamina denselytomentosc above with curled hairs ind hirsute sor with longcr straight oncs, beconing glabrous; tvhitc-villous belotv, remaining rvhite_ aut tomentosewhen matrue; midrib belorv promincntly raiscd, at first pubescertwiih white curled hairs and loosely hirsutc with long brorvn hairs, wlen matue closclypLrbescent. eso Inflorc-s-cenceterminal,. oonspicuous, on 1 2 year oid branchlet, sometines *iti, young", lat( branchletsbelow, ovoid,9 l0 cnr wide at anthesis. Axis 4,j2 cm long,7_9 n,i.,.,wi"d", l9 22 mnr wide rvith common bracts,bear.ing flouers c\cept at extremc:apex. Involuc,ral 6rdc1s.nx meroLrsin-early trucl but nrostlyderiduous bcfore anthesis,subulate from thick, spe curved bases,.i.5-2_cm long, denselyvelutinous, the upper half also plunloso with ! wh straight ferruginoushafts. Conunonir-acts broadly ljnear, 8 mn long, clenselyhirsutq the sxsertedapex f rounded, denselytojnentobc, c\Lrenlc rpex obtuse with a tLrft of 20. short white hais. Flarql 6/,a.t-rsirnilar but nllro$er. p,ri{tnth tn bnd grcyish cream, in flower.cream to pale.yellow; style cream; pollen-presenterwith maroon ipei. periantlt at nlatlrrity 40 45 mm long, ilcluding lil-I.rbof 5 6 mm, + straightand ascendinsslisht]v. Tyt the limb upturnedbefore anthcsis; claws 1 I mm wide abovebaie. grlduallv lali*.:O ui- Ba wards, with a prolnir]ent central nerve and a close lesserone each iide; * hir.sutc outsicle Kir '/(sN ') urid. 'rI pu?lul sul?lunol puno5 s.s3.Ioe93ury1 epI :osl ., Jelxeg tr 6z8I tr'tr^lg '9g 'd rpord lrrtx"g "IS{u"g,, u,'\\orafq pelloq?l100qs " : otrce'I ,,"r01x€€ I llddns 'pueur-ptcco '.{n 'ci'ezit "po.rost,eE:beg siu';'sodrA ruoru oiSer etg,, :uo1to4cadtL qlu '(t68I)Z8E:Z Id uaD ^el{'ezlun) (lgx)?)a$DqDra aia'tls l0€8I) 9[ ^oN ]]or

'JlJlC {3tueo)) vsot)'ds snlso) uolleulq!!oJ Jql SulI?Lu uJtl$ '{c+ 'r9 usolrads z08I uI qcu1elq dq Srueo;4 ttioir)a s 51s1uog ol pe.rJlle.{llcorrocur st.t 11 14 iis:tiung jo u;.iuovJ6q reqres ue se (9941) Sl:ueoy DsolradsDaeluDg prE8et 1otr oP I Iol:'epl 'stlAtsollltOeql ut tueu-rdo;a,lepelel 'selclTloJ 'lua e eq ,f,eru pu? sl?llg"q ,{pues luecet Jo selcods snoroSt,t e sl lI pue seauecse 'se.'rie1 'el}ll[ g -rogur 1o ezid eqr ur .{lur"ru Suleq ^le^P"lo] sI nsoDads uI uoll?!€A ell! 'ulunln? _eil puE :roruuns ,{ge[p 'porred Sur.re,troge]Iugep eJoru e s"q lI :selcllloJ Joll?Ius l?q'{\eluos elnr 'soqol 'le3rel 'lolloqs 'seJuerseropur ,{o11e,{rellerus slt 1eg q}la so^eel lep?oJq sll peu luz 'Jell"rus 'o8ueJ ;1rqzqpeqcuerqTluodo sll uI sJoJIp setceds1r:q1 sll Jo puo uJelss,lleql lE IIIJ cr.:ittiruri sr lr qcrir.a rlll^\:jg x l.;lizg g.{1qeqo:d sI e^4?loJ lser"eu sll sdr1opr't rllta\ silcqo; e,ussiur eq1 se1,t1s eq]'secuo3solopul ruue:c snonctdsuoc e€rt1 dll'' fue luecsoqnd 'llq"q ':aqn1ou31 eql l^doqoyiepauerrl rueur qilt se,reel3uo1 eql peqcuerq ,{1eprt eq1 e el"r qlnos ujels€e oql .IEeu ,{ler Jo eJu€sq?oql oJ?solnl?eJ e^Ilcullslp sll 3rl?Jlsnv u.rolse^A-JolsroJ '3u( l-r.unp bqr'proruoc,tllensn-spubsds:rpjo lueuelesno-'0r"":;rji#,;if;:;r#;X{", " sldll lpoyad Sutnubli p0rl Suue,rog l€od eql :J?o.{ eqt tnoqanoJq} Peprocer uooq e^"q sra,llolJ 'pu?J 'slauat!! pllJaqwDT s? I{cns sqruqs Jolllo q}Ir' pe\lul Jo -qnJqs ro eltq.tr deep ul fll?nsl} 'l,l1g,r7 ldEJ II"t ur sorceclslu"uluop eql uauo :pu"s ,{e.rE ueq: '096r'.oo '..ruoLuerres,, ec€J 6 ^esellroersr Joa (LrI{II) ."11-e.e-:1.a1g6l1tHrilt,llt;r;l;"3,it;t 'peor 'ijdtz'pia5"ii jo :(Hr{a.Iliiet'i,oit.a ldes sz ecutrodsa-edroqlsue^e)fuo -auiro;1 rr{ ,1b , d1896I'6061 'unopdoH 'ao!naIoa eIl e.ir riri jse-[-:(Fii*At,\\sN; u i ua21o7rIH I ^oN Pat)2125 36 qIJP 'lt{ 'po38ell 1" sI '.{eg eql :ls?oc eql uI{ gg utqlut .{1lsoul ello-g]sJ01 u3l.l€fl lI tr ecuolJncsopu?lur lsoru Jo 'uo4nqulslQ lseg rrIo.IJts?oc qlnos erll J?eu :"ll?JlsnY u.rolsod! lsel{ qlnos (9t 8rJ) '8uol 'oPr.{\ ruc g.tr t. g ruc eql 'u,\\olq oloq,\\ eptsut Surutqs pu? qloous'u,\\orq pue S.Z-Z etoq./|\ lq8ll {r"p 'ulqr -€pls ie1-ndulrieq ieretBl " SuIA"el gurod re1.{ls1o opISqc€a uo lllds + se^l"^ :uedo iiq,* sibrct w6 g-g 'erf qli,tt .{1unsl Sururdo srlcrlloJ:ru-U :rnlns :sued pasodxeJo 7 'slloullnle\,{lJ\uJp'JSIllqo'elnlns Sur.reanunlueu-rrrpur 5qt',{e.rB Sutultrl u^\olq-pJJ SuolE 'cqdlle-Ituos peue{Jrqr'qloorus 'eirbrlqo,{pq311s so^l"^:qBIq uIc €-Z-'epl,^\Ixc g-Z'8uol a '02 '^E/t\e q:t.| 'pe1:esxo,4pu:utr-uoJd 'e^Iss?!u ',\\31^u€ld ul c4dl11e ol dn sap! oI iuc 'xedu 8ur:e:,rr,,(11lnper8'JuelsrsrJd s:1,'(1s pue sqlu"llsd :plo^o + LraJSaDnrluI olns{q roj ldacra'inoiqe13 F.rB'rir: xede ^^olaqlsnf asJo^su"rl eloolS cll"ru8us :ot€lsoc JIBrIl3ddn 'rdln8uerprnb Jo,uoleql'stpplu poIuDI {11q8r1s'Ntq1urru uM 9-t + Jl€q t" 9'0'8uol',{l?Ao reluaserdiuellod :lrioriSnorqr olnsrq-pJssJ.ldd"'spretdn Surradel ,{1lenper8 e^oq? ':eluederd-ue1od '3uol )tclll ruIII ;o eseq 1€ lur{ llsuls " qll,\\.pa^n.Ic ,{l1ue3 ulc a-t 'papunor1-a '3uo1qo xedu'3uo1 utut 3 -'; saP)s snout8oJ!(-H Suol ruut I + luoru€lg 7jri12. 'Euol 'JlnsJIq 'I3lq1 '01ncE :al"lncrd" ruur E + stallJuY snorqelS eptsut ^lJsuJp 3plslno 'ur.ro;rsi3-Suolrqo 'qrulT lsorule fl.,"roir?u qruq lsnorqe18 eplsur ,l.rolaqlsnf os .(lesuop pu? 'eSroao I2rJ{rr€' S V 186I( a

NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981 A. S.

B. speciosaLindley,Bot, Reg. t. 1728(1835), non R.Br. (1810).

Cotyledons (Fig. 8.18) cuneate with upper margin obliquc, widely spreading, 12 13 mm long, 17-18 n'rm wide, flat, faintly reticulate, dull mcdium green; auricles descending- recurved, + acute, + 2 mn lorg. Ilypocotyl stout, glabrous, grecn. Seedling leaves not recorded.

Mature plqnt a shrub 1o 4 m without lignotuber, openly branched. Baft \ghtly fissured, usually with lenticels, greenish blowr ther grey-browr, 3 5 mn.r thick. Brarcl- /ets 5 8 nm thick, at first hirsrte and tomel]tose with long spreadirg and short curled white hairs, becoming glabrous within 6 nonths, bright green; usually I 5 cm at base bearing linear, villous propbylls I 2 crr long, soon deciduous. leare,r scattered, stiff, cuneatein outline,7-17 cm long,2 5-7.5 cm wide, truncate with midrib produced into t soft deciduous hirsute mucro; lamina flat, each side divided ro midlib or alnost so into 5-10 triangular acutelobes, oppositcor alternate,not imbricate, up to 35 mm wide across base, the n.rarginsstraight or convex; lobes slightly oblique; sinusesV-shaped; lamina densely torneltoss above lvith short curled hairs and hirsute on midrib, becoming glabrous; lower surface with the midrib loosely hirsute with wllite hairs and densely i- pubescentwith short, curled,pale ferruginoushlrirs becoming glabrous and yellow, lamina I densely pubescent on nerves, the main ones pale brorvn becoming glabrous, the lacunae I white-woolly; petiole remaining hirstte, Inflorescerceterminal to a recent branchlet, con- spicuous, son.retines with scvcral new branchlets imn.rediately below, broadly ovoid, li 7.5 8.6 qm diam. at anthesis. l-rls 3 4 cm long,6 7 mm wide,21 23 mm wide with lil'r comn.ronbracts. Inyolucrul hrocls openly arranged, linear-subulatc on thick bases,2-3 5 cm long, denselyhirsLrte-villous, ferruginous; many deciduousbefore anthesis. Conzzon Figu Dr4ctunarrowly cuneate, :l- 8 mm long, denselyhitsute; exsertedapex conical, obtuse, slightly upturned, detlsely tomentosc, also with scaltercd long hairs, fsrruginous with Selel extreme apex paler. Floral hftrcts Tireat,7 8mm lorrg, the apex small, indumentun as Beac in common bracts. Florcrs pale lemon-yelloiv, the claws in r-rpperflowers often pale Bay, pink; stylescreamy yellow. Periqnth39.-43 mm long including limb of 9-11 nm, gently Hj. ) curved upwards with limb upturned at anthesis; claws L:0 5 mm wide tapering upwalds, Hel: densely hirsute outsiclcwith long and short hairs, glabrous inside; limb narrowly fusiform, pon acute,densely hirsutc outside. Antlrc$ + 2mmlong on filamentsf I mm long, apiculate. Flot HypogytloLtsscales linear, obtuse, 1 5 mn long. Pistil 42-49 mm long, strongly curved sorn upr,vards,i 1 rnn.rthick above ovary, tapering upwards, pLrbescentabovc ovary, densely hirsute in middle third becoming pubescentupwards, glabrous and quadrangularjust below pollen-prescnter; pollen-pressl'rter3 4 tlrn long, sliglrtly swollen above base then atio tapering, apex slightly srvollen,obtuse; stignatic groove oblique, open; ovary densely lign appressed-hirsuteat apex, otherwise glabrous. InJructescellcesquat, of up to 6 follicles, hirs rarely nrore, the old periantlrs and styles becoming stifl persistent for severalyears, event- peri ually wearing away. Follicles large, elliptic iir plan vieiv, 35 42 mrr long, 17-22 mm velu high, 15-20 mm widc; valves scmielliptic {'ith prominent beak to stylar point, r'ery con- fror vex then narrowed to sLrturalddge, smooth, denselyvelutil'lous-hirsute, the hairs at flrst Bar red-brorvn,becoming grey, persistingfor some years; ridge narrow; suture very fine; tole follicles usually opening only with fire, to 25 mn wide, somewhat recurved, deeply split from stylar point leaving prominent lateral beak; lips I 5 2 mnl wjde on stylar side widen- infr ing to 4 5 nm on oppositeside. Seedobovatc, 30-32 mnr long; seedbody t broadly mef, obovate, 12-14 mm long, ll 13 mrr- widc, obtuse at bass, winged on lateral margins; Mu inner face gently convex, covered with irregular filiform or flat processes1-3 mm long, black-brown, slightly glistening; outer face flat, - smooth, brown, shining; wing curved 21. to stylar side 27 29 mm rvide, split from stylar point leaving short lateral lobe, dark brown inside, grey-brown o:utside. Separato- stout, broadly obovate, 29 30 mn long, 27 30 mm rvide,rounded at base,impressed and undulate againstsccd body, thickcned above Tvp but without overhanging ridge, thickly betked to stylar point; rvings recurvcd in upper Iso third. upp DistribLnion. (Fig. 47) SoLrth West Western Australia: near the south coast from the spr( Stirling Range and Soirth Stirling east to the Oldfield River. leqt

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after fire (Both s of ste Fisure 48. Bdrl.rrd call(lollcana. A Habit. B-Regcnemtion flom lignotuber Badgingana, W.A.) inf fol ar( o,^"#Y:,:::':"",:f'f,Ltnb,i;T,i'#ffi'J'"t"f'Jtol?'?,i,H,l'1T;'#'f iii:l'J"'t ha :"[f l;["*l;tl*,i531,5;'oi::'#t?""'J"':T ii;i:"';? J?]1'; "lilfiil;?':s; lar ln riii;laiiii:-;*J:r:"';:l*l'ilfft"tifil,3i"i.xi3'T't':1"'"s',:'H,'iff#llflsht lar ffi I'ity,,*H:B. ;6'sl;tl*;xi;11qiin'i"lt::lll'i:H'*dT:y-:i:1ilffi";'i",t' in ri'.liltl"fl m:""liilT" t';'!!i{ !'"J:i !?ft}ii:ili:i'l#i"i#*, d;;, m( ll"tf ,:ff#:n""ffii:[?"!",?:';li,';i3,'iil"",\ll'J,ilL!,']?lifi;;;;"t*i"'iipitior"or without I,Z "- r"r!, closelytomenloie. lillnnscenic on shorr larerl.lbranchlet with 22.

i?",T;,,i'".#tl'.rii?a" *frlili:;*,xm T,"ii,$3;,$'T,l#iri"3:,'::""?:1;l"1i"ii.::Ger bracts. Involucralbracts tercte,obtuse'. 2-5 mm long' ii:rri'lz:jii"::r;:';w;'*;:llt"l;'l,t'1ff:hi'"J"1*l;Lll,lt1:;'S*p{:fxxlip;;; tlt't.t-"o-*" T,. -fL,:Yl'i.,Hiir"n?:'f"'":-':4"i?lfiLI ;y***l'*iy,ll!ll'y,**xy.'?:',',:'fi4 bar v'"iiii."-ii,i"i,i;i31h]".'*:'l;',,Jff1*"1't*llri,,*:a$ru:,1:'fi'#*#;i## lor wide tapering uPwards,,gJabrotr '"1'*'::'ltl11't*i"'ll"j':;:,*'1T;tl1,o'f':'#;'Ti't"3.trt'T'Al,*ftTll;""ilt.an( lett rol f:i:"ir,ft";,;:;:,;lll';llm;i"lT'ilhil"i"i',T.I'if;;;":,|;ilil?"t"'1"fi:'i"11tor bur ii:::ffi:;*;Ht'':','X'*i3i";'"'"'#;1"'"''t",ffii'''fJ'i3};#1"'?lt"lili;f"'lll;lon ",ianiry;;ili_qfi t i and3ri".r":l!l:r,3;lf\rvle\ ronq-per,isrenr. / o/rrl, ',,?i"Tll5i,;il,'l,l1. ltiiiiti.l,, llil {li."i[t,."JtJ;;,,ilif der ]","ilr.: obriqrreryobovare. SLII lac ma ,"-i;;'nir:;;lFl("li:",*,i:iil.iJ:Ty.ii"!',:iL'"*:li''f.*;*::-kru:sprr lltl'";:,;;;#:xYJ!T',:::HyJ";,#il;';f;;ili.:'.";,L:J?',"i:,::'lo,1Ti.i;"#u aI -slceJq 'opr,\\ '8uol 'slseglus '3uo uorrJruocqlr,l\ opr,\\ ulur gZ urru 0l-8 LLtalZ-L slxY le 8Z 'lelqcu?lq tutu eplt iuc g '.trci1eqsiolqcuerq rnoqrr.tr FIIBnsn luecer e uo snonclds 91 1Lre1u1 so^li -iot auicsiolfuJ Suno-{ ueq,t esolunld olcmu l"ulrulel :}uarseqnd dlosolc Sulul€ru 'ell.rsJrq 'e?unc€l :u,t\( -eJ ,{leioo1 pue esolueruo} slolled :ls"l oql ldecxo snoJq"l8 Suluoceq '31e1 er{l ul o]lq'r pue 'se^leu uo osle SJI€I{Suol ,|\oJ 3 gll.A\ 1nq J"lFuls oc",Jlns loo,r lu31€l 'sJrlrLI re,trol : sno:qc1b-auiruocoq 'e1ns:tq osle qrlpLur eql pallru rllJ..rl€soluourol ,{lesuop [lesr ',trolLeqs '3uo1 'Juln8ueul sqlu oceg:irs:eddir ipedeqs-n ,{lptorq ,{.re^sesn urs : Jsn}qo uru E. I ol '1tg 'elelnpun 'xed -,t o-11eqsqteer iql ltioqsnoiql eltluep sul8r"ur :JIls + ro l?g €urruul:8uol '3uo1 'elEuolcnru ruur-g eloued 01 po,\\oJJ€u,(pdll:qe 'apr,u.tuc g-1 ruJ dluoqs lnq Jeln: ! 'socld"6-t -uell elEur8retus ol el?cunrl 'Suolqo 'porell"cs ,radrrT u,\\olq elnsllq qlII\ esoluaruol 'e1nJe '3uo1 'r€oull -UEII ruc 1 + syl{qdord snonprtrep qll\\ rut L-Z l"s€q :sl?o.{ Z T .rou? snoJ -q213 pur der8 8u[uocrq 'u,'\\o]q qslusor8 el"d 'sll?q pollnc qlla osolue(uol ^losolc ua1 JI"q 'tet? 'pe1e1esse1 '. '01?l -[ciotg elzd .(ylq8rls:o qtoorus )r?q :[rc1s lut1rJ qsnq .{11ensnpue 'Joqnlou8lT -u p-eqcuerq-qcnur s lnoqll\\'epl{\ ru t puE ll"l lu I ol qruqs z laDF alntolll !ur 'peploacl '),ou sno.t sa^Dal8ullpaas SuoI rutu 'osnlqo 'sulpuecsep 'e^oq" rutu Z selcun€ :elslnuolt ul8reru roddn eql el"FclloJ'es?g epd 'pe^rncer 'epl,ld '3uo1 urur '01€^oqo (OZ AtS) sLrcpaflo) tB pe^reu-€ uur 71 9l tl S lD,tol ',{r€1ueru3".U 'a ',\N 'IASN '(slooqs 'pop sl IN le IpIIer"u eql O i)'IAW'O'I '(slaoqs 'IC 'ACl '.,902 'PuoutwruQ,.:uot1o1nadIl .STSO t) ) : osl :/\tr8 :olco-I u lA lloc '3uo '(168 uoC t) 289:Z'looHId 'epy '^aU 'eztun) (rousslolN)an.ltdazs oDllaitw.{S (SS8I)0Zl:/ csrlr'{pr€rJ ^\et T' iog urnol snol (67 ern8rg) :oussreytrrun.rldacs B.r$luB{ 'ZZ trrorl olorl 'sJUo l"lel uor.lstllr\\ pJ\lLu srtuq 3uo1e^tLl l

bleluog 'aBJoeD 'S y I86t 336 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981 A. S.

and usu€ leav mm maf inne ing; wrni abo Sep' obtr tos Dis, Poo

rn 2l onr F.L HaL oft FIo'

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infl sho spe no yea

an( Figrrrc 49. Banl$ia scepttum. A and ll Developing inl'lorescence,showing changesin cuNature ol ha: buds(Both cultivated,Pcrlh). C Balk. D-Habit,2.5 m tall (BothN of Nor.thampton,W.A.). B. cot Inyolucral ,/acl,r numerous, subulate-terete, bases somewhat thickened, the outer 5-10 mm long, tomentose, grey-brow1, the inner 10-20 mm long, densely hirsute, brown, Ser mostly deciduous before anthesis. Common brocts cuneato, 9-10 mm long, densely + terr hirsute, deep ferruginous; exserted apex conical but contracted, obtuse, slightly upturned, STSt densely tomentose with pale brown curled hairs, extreme apex penicillate. Floral bructs pra narrowly clrneate; exserted apex conical, short, tomentose, brown. F/owers yellow to11 inclnding styles. Peri( rth 28-32 mm long including limb of 6,8 mm; at anthesis s[raisht in lower 1,r3then cuNed strongly upwards; claws 6-7 mm wide, thick. denselyhjrsute hq outside, glabrous inside, nerveless; limb narrowly elliptic, obtuse, thick, appressed- or pubescentoutside, hirsute at_apex. Anthers 2. 5 mm long on filaments of _[ I mm, shortly Pit apiculate. Hypogynous scales linear, obtuse, 4-5 mm long, adhering to perianth. p/sttl slil 40-50 mm long, 45 53 mm straightened, for 2/3 gently downcurved, then abruptly up- be turned through 90" 110', then curved outwards, i.e. sigmoid; lower half sparsetyand veiy shortly pubescent,otherwise glabrous; narrowed and quadrangular below pollen-presentei; pollen-presenter 3 5-4 mm long, fusiform with basal swelling, obtuse, obtusely 8-ribbed; groove pubescent Dr stigmatic terminal; ovary shortly about apex, otherwjse glabrous, of Infructescencefairly massive, 6 8 cm diam.; old perianths and styles persistent. Fol//c/es up to 50, in plan view broadly elliptic, l5-25 mm long, 8-18 mm high (often half-buried in old flowers), 10-16 mm wide; valves | semi-orbicular with short lateral beak at stvlar Br point, convex, smooth, mottled dark brown and grey, densely pubescent with curled hairs ln

\ ',(BoloqdJoru '.10I?g 'C 'gllllaptnq'g SJI?T. I?roU ut trlletcedserelruts ,{lq?{l?ru€r er" doqJ pun '.Iousslol,{ao!,toplt 'g 'talputl salouoltd'g 'zIA 'ecul^oJd Je[,{] tetrssn\\Duo.ta4oo{ B l?clu"}og p0F1 trsed\ qlnos eql Jo ls?oc lso,lr €qt JBou crurepue sercedsltloJ sulL|luoc aDupot) eql 'J11OIOC salJ!1 Jtoql secuOJSOlOUureql 0^l3 J5q1O3o1qcq,r seldts oql pu? qlu?ued eql Jo 'sno. 'e6uBlo ec€JJlrsJouur eql ol ecueleJaruI LIJ\J'snuDo'!2utl"'I oql UJ}JJ:awou Io uolJp|!'taO : peq ,{olpurl salouolJdBp4aeg :saltads adtl . JOA 'Suruedo lou? I€oq -dn, 'esotruoruol 'pepuroJ 'ozIS 'peqqtr q1I^\ lunlpelu .lo lleuls Jo .talrll/oJ . pq311s l!lstd I?rol?l'3u1y1e,rs € qll\\ ,tto:.rtu :eluaserd-urllod :o8u?Jo lq8uq'po^lllc f,11'to81t1st4 ^llro lerluec ll?urs'eprsur 'snolll^ 'apislno sno11r,t-e1rg,r a8utro 1q8trq quDLtad TuelsrsJedJo snonplaop Jo -pess 'l€ulruJel osolueuol spD.tq p,DnlotuI 'sr1oncrdsuoc 't€cupullfc -,{lpsolq atuatsatolful elnsJ 'seqol reln8u?ul qlr,l\ peqol Jo elBluJp r'r,{rJ7 sJeqnlouBll ]noqll.'\\ see.IlJo sfl,tly'S lq3!e ,{\oll€ 'rlepunlo.r'sorcopeu p,\. r^t*o !ttntrot snr.rsorLun.Led ''J]i,il'.%,i;l*'"Thil?'fit;&l#l;t::1f#:i s1)D.^ srurllod:trrnut.o.ra'Lunle^rncroll\el4rlllr,/J tun\ollr^-oqle snlxf,'tunoIJorJ snlul lllrJqrytDlatr seluelsrs 'peul -reci 'eDsolir^ salD.Dulo^u!aD)pDtg 'aenarcIsuoc'oerupull.{t elel 'seleuluro} le,r eenpicep Io^ oEsotLloLltol . aDluhsa.toLltl snqrrcln8u]?utsrqol etEqol [e^ t]]]]uep D.t/or|sgoqn]ounll euls seroqrE I.^ sDtlnU 'u.^\o.lesu 's^ou 's sorJes'eSJooD Y oBulcorJsolJes 0I-9 'sr1t7so1.tt3oql ol soneds eql qclq.^dsuopel.'(1oc 1ull'g el"Iluo.rc 'el€^oqo eql sI 'Jf,^i,\\oq 'eJnleeJ snolEuroue uY LlalxDq pue Dsolzadsg 'DtoaT ur edlolunoc e seq .{poq poesel"cllnru aj47pr\2 g r?ql ol UIJoJr€llluls " ssq Jo atn 'e8re1Jo 'e1,{1s 'sJe^\ou etcl[oJ eqJ speeseq] pue :eluesa;d-ue11odru:o;lsn; luocseqnd pu" 'B' eruocsoJogurlsnqoJ s:lr Jo osn"ceq suttsoql.to salreseql vt umQd s pec€ld e^"9 I .SJ€EA 'pees 'Jeqnlou8ll g ol ul Suue,uou SurqJ?oJ ruo.U €]"t3uo8eJ pue erg ,(q Polll{ ere orl € 'slur:1d 8ur,,r.eq eqJ s{30,{\ ot ul ,{llnJ suedo ecuecsaJouiurl€npr^Iplll :qa sorrads 'sqluouryZ T J3qlo -,{uBur uBql .re8[oJ ()1 9 sel€l ecuetsaJouiureql Jo lueuldolo^co lJoqs ,(le^rl€leJ sr pouad 8ur]e,rou oql secldE qcu"Jq eql uo lueutuloJd el? socuocsoJouul oql ecurs l?|rc?lceds eq u?c re,ltou IInJ ul pu? uoultuoc ,,{ll"col usuo sI selcedserJJ '!!JJap.nq'B pLrELta$Dq 'g 'usoeads Jeqto eorql ,(Fo uI Suulncco 'lensnun osle €''selteds '3uol sr ^poq poos orll Jo eccJ leuur al?clJnlu eq1 snue8 oq1jo lse8rel eq] al? Iuru S t 'sat"as sllou,{3od,{q eqI sro,rou p1o 1r:1srs.r:d rlll^\ satuaJselJn4ul e^Iss?lu sll pu€ 'se^"el 'Suolqo 'Ioqs sol,{ls prourtrs lueururo-rd qlr,r secuecserouuloBJ?l sll etrsounll sll '{J?q , eJAqloous sll '}Iq?q ,(qsnq e8l"l sll fq poslu8oceJlysua sr tun.qdacsolsTuog 'dju.Iu"f pu" Joqulecao 'po!.!ad8aln$oll pu"tquqs uodo Il?1Jo 'selB,\\s 'ltt|lqpH luouoduroc e se uI pu? seunp'suteld uo pu?s par el"d ro,'rro1e,t deep rJI '296r'.a(7 :('rahr 'rrNVJ) a3tuaD 'v ',zL6r'"r o.'oolpruraDJo 3 Ltzfi 'os '6L6l fq^*.ur.*l€q6jlJt'fJlj3;{'E,ZI.vII '5,89"92 u

338 Nuyrsiavol. 3 (3)1981 the specific distinctions being on the basis of indumentum. leaf morphology, follicle size de, and persistenceor not of the old perianths. The speciesare vigorouscolonisers of areas + of recentsand, though only B.prio otes;s widespread. 1111 slil The series is probably derived from the Ofthostylis. lt is somewhat similar in the pollen-presenter,ths robust pistil the wl and roundsd, tornentoscfollicles. The leaf form be of B. burdexii is very like that of B. menziesii,while that of B. ictoriae rs llke B. bqxteri oll in form (but not in number and size of the lobes or in indumentum). In foliage B. t)ictoriqe lol also shows a link to B. oshbyi of the series C_t/toJ1.I//"r. :E ob 23. Lindley SwanRiv. col 34 (Jan.1840) Sirnaelleraprionotes (Lindley) Kuntze, Rev. cen. Pl. ,,r*ttil!tiJ"t ba thi Tlpe citcrtion: none given. Most of the ll.raterial described in this work was collectsd by JamesDrummond. As lectotypeof B. prionoteslhaveselected a sheetat CGE labelled Dt "Swan "Banksia River, Drummond, 1839" and annotatedby Lindley prionotes m,,. Sh Cotyledo,ns(Fig. 8.21) broadly obovate but apcx Ser _ - offset, :L: conv€x, 6-10 mm long, eas 7-8 mm wide, faintly 3-nerved,bright green; auricleshorizontal, obtuse, 1 mm long. 78( Hypocotyl f 5 n.rmlong, I mm diam., glabrous, the seedcoat retained as a collar. SecT- (4i ling leaves:first 2 immediatelyabove cotyledons, narrowly obovatein outline, l5 l7 mm La A. long, 7 8 mm wide, obtuse,deeply divided eachside into 2 3 narrorvlytriangular obtuse lobes; marginsrecurved; sinuses V-shaped; lamina looselyhirsute above, hirsute on mid- H, rib below with the lamina looselywoolly; narrowedto birsc;next leavescrowded, success- lar ively larger, the lobes becorning broader, 5 trlm across base by the 8th lcaf; lower surlace FI of lanrina densely woolly; pctioles hirsute. Seedling stem tillons. Malureplant a shrub or treeto l0 m, without lignotuber,the main branchesspreading m or ercct. Bqrk less than I cm thick, :L smooth or horizontally grooved, slightli friable, D pale grey._ B,t'anchlet;olosely tomentoss with curled hairs; prophylls alonf lower pari at of branchlet linear-terete, + obtuse, 5-13 mm long, often incr.rrvedat apel densely-hir- sh sute-tomentose,soon deciduous. Zcaves broadly linear, obtuse to retuse, 152j cm fo long,.1 2 (rarely 3) cm wide, flat to undulate,dentate throughoutj teeth triangular,obtuse of but rigid, l 4(5) nim long, 5-10(15)nim wide acrossbase, smaller towards petiole, margins di :traiglt or curvedespecially towards teeth apices, sinuses shallorv U- to V-shaped;marlins re flat; lamina above denselytomentose-hirsute with + curled hairs, white to pale bro-wn, ?t becomingglabrous; midrib a,ndreticulum hirsutebelorv with spreadingsomewhat curled lar deciduouspale brown hairs, lacuna.etomentosc with curled pcrslstentu,hite hairs; second- lo ary nervesfine, reticulatebetween; apex when young with obtusc,densely hirsute nrucro; Fr p_etioledensely tomentose above, l.irsute below, when old closely grey-tomentose. ft- n( f,orescence,terminal, conspicuouson branchlet usualJyless than a yedr old, sometimes th the lateral branchlcts growing out just bcfore or during florvering. Inyolucral bracts linear-teretefrom broad bases,5 10 mm long, delse1yhirsute-tomintose, persistent to young fruit. Axis 7-15 mm long, 6-7 mm rvide, tapering to apex,20-24 mm wide with common bracts, bearing flolvers throughout except a_few mm at base. Common bracts 1-fusiform, 9 l0 mm long, densely ferrugino us-hirsute; exserted apex triangular, obtuse, 2 3 mm .iong, hirsuts with long hairs and white-tom€nt ose. Floral broits 1 lineai, obtuse, hirsute-tomentose, scaroely exserted. Limb and pollen-presenter bright orange; claws cream; style gold, gradually paler towards base where cream; indumeitum while. Perianth 34-37 TT ]ong including limb of 6-7 nrm, + straight, somewhat upturned, limb not rellexed beforc anthesis, 5 mtn wide, tomentose outside with short-, curled hairs and looseJyhirsute with long spreadingones, glabrous inside; limb fusiform, f navicular, obtuss, denselytomentose and hirsute outside.slabrous insjd,e, Anthers 3li mm- long,.obtuselyapjculatei filamcnr I mm long. HyTogjnousscales oblong, truncate, t ? -g ]9ng. Pistil 3945 mn long, markedly bou,ed uprvards after anthesis and pro- jecting 5-10 mm, graduallytapered, glabrous ; pollen-presenter4-6 mm long, baseswoilen, then narrowed, wrth a central smaller srvelling,r.rpper half l fusiform, finely ribbed, & obtusej stigmatiqgroove slightly obliqus at a,pex;ovary glabious except.anapical ring of straight hairs longer on upper side. Infructescence4-5 . 5 cm thick; perianths ind stylei F 'llel 'lrqeH ',D!ropt^ s0l '( 'uotdrueqlroN qlod) u € v blsluDg 09 eJn8t' V lA Jo N I.teg-A -{&

V. -o.1 9.{ + p5l .ell

.Jel 'esl sl)1 qlt o1 SJ)) 'sqluelrod Pto snorplcep oql seu 'se^€el 'slcBJq pr" se^"el '\\0n -uJ pu? setclloJ rell"rus oql Poqol .(ldeepssel eql l:1?]tlonul 'g ,(q poqsrn8utlslPeq ueo lt ]eussle1 aot'tolJlt \xotc :ol irnoo,r iijul osotueutol-Jlnstnl:q1 'uorl€ul tr isnonoDaDa.tlt sult,nlJJd plo Jtll puEJJLlnus Jrlr sJIJrtloJ Jql \ luJl+rp E tlll^lplqol 'tqrrrqs pel flda:p eLourpuu LtBuolj.re *o'n:l rql t s{?$le cl qJIq$) .111'l'1'9_it^!Lt^*.]: j::]:l 'ro1"g 'D 'E qfnur e . sr lJt.aprnqg o1 ,{1aso1c q:]:!:' lqeqoro sl rrorojrd 11enin 1I ]i"q 'JlU suti DrstapgaDulJLt.t ) Jul ulllllM s1Lt1Jtue.red Jql sllll tlJItl\\ JJIJCSInJJO UOllllJJUJbSJ 'r su! ai,o'ioalt p"n "'t'"tu"it"iio* ''0 JLUII{u" le uollDrJuJaalI"Jnlru Juros JrsqlJl,.l$:3lP 'uollels esn ua1;o purquou auIoJJq slurld eql 33" rlll,,1A. ,{PB {.rPJs -re:u "11}1u"JJo liur 'selcllloJ IUC rs?e ulnos luo.rl uoqcellor e u' :ic-ept,n ruc E-pepJoceJ se^"el lseal€l eqJ pu"-llEl Lu JJJIIJJJJ u" ol qnJqs -JITI pun siro"11o {j1er;rb.a-czr.ur uorlerJP^o\lu sl JJJqI 0l iltquq siords eq1 ol pu€ '{^?eq els lJel hurpze.rdsd ruoi.1 ut uorletrz,r iruos si -eriq1 Pelmsun ,{rrer:u:3sealc JSJuIul sllos:luts sla>[rodpclnlosr {ltsouu ele ut8e16pLr" nutllu \rleC wl!l 'rt'r:ds Iur uEt'll.JJqliPJqJnLLI 3ut uienleq suortelndoiPunlrl 'rrrro.,JsJlrJ{ Jql 1o Joqlo rf"f1'".'q"tq^ "a"t,'t1t jo'1sor,r qan6:qr'uor,rriro-c ,'(Jo^'{ll?col sr sarouortd ors1urtg 'trr1q 'pot'radSutt ttrnlT o1 qcre141urorg leed €ql rlll\\ 1sn3[Y o1 f,rtnrga4 -ssi 'doJols pu? uoultuoc [ra'l ual3o ipuel loddn eql'rlrl,\\ uI lu?ultuop -plr -qruqslt?t ro puelpoo.u-uedo,tol suru.ro; ro ,\\olla^.{ll?n:[^?5:#it":t,J:,t;fff esn: tuut 'pa. '3ur :$ii*T,,l**F$tri#r:,#?#rlr{j{i'it}ldJj$"',i"#d,{fi'3ur 'a:ru"* 1,.1#F^L['\:,r{JI";,["i#;:?#$,?i=it-iattil.';:ilffi {?,1,,jrl1iY,e1;larc:ri!n**,#ul,':'s#'fi 'tII8!/& 'Surp?]r€oo pu" slllH us8uolA s? .r"J s? pu"lul pu" 01 qlnos ( ?g IJ€rlS POII roqlnos) uorirr s eierurrruo:;,eqirlsny *":;$"li:*rTl" potr. i,,:i .:,11],:;"#ry':::r{, ',{poq 'osnlqo os€q e le8prr Sur8uzqro^o qll,!\ e^oq" p€ue{JI[]' lsuIESE pessoldrul 'auo1'-- 'o1r-.e'un -pe:s 'u'ttorq-^er3 tpr,u'ruru g1-g1 67191 5 niptiaJs u^\orq {r€p opISuI 'pailcloti 'oPltr 8ul'll eri irno 'p"riirtini ,lttq8rp orerl,tropIS .ru1,{1s o1 pe.t.rnclnq rutrr.lI-0I 'ion,tor 'suorlJeloJdasnlqo :iirb 'ojgrj,, Ft.retrrBe-rjl cr"1.,tttJelno ;qlooursesr\lJJqlo rtnri ^i"te utrn burua1.,13lre1q .ui8.,eutpasleJ Lllr'\1 YJ^uoJ :JEJlllsl;uuI JlnJ" T iLr3.ru,,rierotui:pa8p! ,{tarrrrr- pJl3u"uralEtu iJddrrJ\€q lBJsnlqo'Jpr\\ ultu 9 S,'buol aD!t 'sreiunr 'el€,\oqo-el"ounc uo ruul nr i .,(poqpeJS :8uol ruur 6I-9t la'S apISollsoooo 'ips :; !.IAJ: "pr^".rid7 o13o'u.pr't ru1I1sub epr,truru 1 sdII:€Pl,lr urru S pu€ Suol ruruI T I?09 luJo 'pe,\.lncor so^l€A :oJU,q}t\\ e,riel or rurod :el,{is io epp qceo uo 11rds i: ]9 iAl-:i--TJ} eql SutuedosetJltot :auq-,{rai cjn1ns;lutod.rel(t. te 1r:q Uoqsqll^\'Jsnlqo'pJbprJ illrl;lls 'ut 'qloous 'clldllo-lules *.de : "tor,l ".iio"t-e1nir,q orq pu" f,oJEpellloru s6^l"A :epta\ uru 'q8lq '3uo1 ',\\ol^-uqd s€0J ruur ruul 0Z tI ul Suolqo-clldlllo la1r111o!' ]uoiuno + II-9 9 6 'pe1ut,lp.tt gzls itleiq irri.it-oc 6qi slierq iesreds + .4tl?nsn1nq. 09 ol dn solc{loJ :snonplcop 'e8rooC ,/s?rr€. S V I86I a

340 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981 A.S

24. Banksia victoriae Meissner (Figure 50) mal rid! Hook. Journ. tsot. and Kew card. Misc. 1:119(1855)-Sirmuelleru rictoriae (Meissner) Kuntze, Rev.Gel1. Pl.2:582 (1891). con "Drumnond, "victoriae side T))pecitation: coll, vi. r. 203". Leclo: NY, Iabelledby Meissner out nob. (27 Oct. 54)."; Iso: BM, CGE, FI, K, LD, MEL, NSW, OXF, P, U. The sheetat see( MEL bearsthe Drunmond number 212 but this I take to be an error sinceDrummond witl collected -8. rictoriac o[ly once, DA Cotyledons(Frg.8.22) obovatewith upper nargins crenulate,spreading to ascending, Rir concave, 14 15 mm long, 12 13 rnm wide, medium green, faintly reticulate; auricles Sele horizontal to slightly descending,obtuse, 2 nm long. Flypocotyl4 5 mm long, 2 mrn 295 thick, glabrous, pale pink-green. Seedlhg leates crowded above cotyledons; first 2 chil lanceolatcto_ narro\\,ly obovate, acute,2 5 3 cm long, 9 l0 mm rvide; margins slightiy Ha' recurved,each side with 3 obliquelytriangular obtuse lobes 2 3 nm long,the distatmaigins attt convex; sinusesobliquely V-shaped;lamina hirsute above,hirsute below on midrib with Flo loosewool in lacuniLe;tapering to base;higher leaves 5 9 cm long, 14-23mm wide, Iobed alnost to midrib, the lobes narrowly to broadly triangular,acute. nls( Mqtwe plant a sh[rb or eventual]y tr.eeto 7 m, without lignotuber, much-branched, larl spreading. Barlr smooth, grey-mottled. Branchlets densely hirsute with long spreading the hairs and tomentose with short curled hairs, gradually wearing off; bracts at basJ of branchl aIe let linear-terete,sometimes slightly clavate, acute or obtuse,I 3 cn long, denselyhirsute- tomentose, the long hairs more dense towards apex. Leates broadll linear, truncate sol with obtuse _mucro (the latter rvhen young aclrminate, 5 8 mm long and hirsutel 15-35 cm long,2.5-4 cm rvide,divided throughout above 3/4 way to midrib; lobes up to 26, triangular, obtuseto acute,pungent, up to I . 5 cm long, to 2. 5 cm wide acrossbase, the margins gertly sigmoid, flat; sinusesV-shaped; apicei of lobes glabrous; Iamina a6ove when young denselytomentose rvith curled hairs, ferruginousbecoming glabrous, densely tomentose belorv with curled hairs, the midrib hirsute with long hairs, becoming glabroui except fine white wool in lacunae; some leaf jndumentum often persistentuntil nExi flower- ing; lateral nervesevident below, at t 90' to midrib but cuned towards aoicesol lobes. finely reticulate between. Inflorescence terminal to recent branch. conspicuous. 7 g Cl cm wide at anthesis. lxrs 7 12 cm long, 6 7 mnr wide, 18-22 mtn *ide with common bracts.bearing flo\e|s throughout excepta few mm at baseand apex. Involucrelbr.tcts linear-subulrtc with broad ba.es.outer onesI 2 cm long.thick. inner up t,.t4 cnr long. .until slender_,.all densely hirsute with hairs . curled at base, persistent iruit. Commin brects lrnedr,.70-11 mm_long, densely hirsute with pale-ferruginous hairs; exserted apex narrowly conical acute, 3 4 mm long, tomentose with curled hairs and at extreme apex with a few long. haifs. Floral brqcts linear, 7 mm long, scarcely exserted,densely hirsute. Flov,ers_pa"le pink in bud, bright orange when open, with pinkish-white jndumentum. Periqntll 3840 rm long including limb of 8-9 mm, ! str;ight, somewhat upturned; claws.O.6mm wide, outsidetomentose to shortly hirsutewith liairs curled at baie, a few long hairs toward apex, inside glabrous; limb fusiform, navicular, denselyhirsuie and tomentose outside, glabrous rnside. Anthers f 2 mm long,"obtuse obtusa with icd apiculum; filam,ent 2 mm long. !{!!og)nous scales.broadly oblong, and slightly iiregulai, I l_.5.mm long. Pistil 37 43 mm long, bowed, cream becoming orang6 alitallyjuft"i anthesisprojecting . 5 rrm above peria;th, + 1 mm thick above oiary, taiperingupwards, glabrous; pollen-presenter 5 6 mm long, the lower half narrower ttrai stigtrU/ttrictened style_apex,terete, orange when fresl; a centrai suelling; rrpper half ; iusiform, finely 8-ribbcd.bright lellow gradingro oblusered aper:sriginaiicgroore .. ettipric.ifighiii, obtlquei ovury glrbrous exceptan apical ring of straight hafis. Infructesceice+ 6 cm wlde: penanth_s_andsllles long-persistent. Follit:les up to 30, elliptic in plan view, 22 2g mm long. l0 15 nrm figh; t3 15.mm wide,_valvessemi-elliptic wiih lateratbeak ai stylar qornt. convex,,smoorh.^densely hirsrLte and tomentose,dalk brown turning dark giey; ridge rounded; suture fine; usually opening only with fire, to 3 mm across,yatves + recurved,split frorn stylar point leavinglateral beak f 1 cm long as well as beik on mafi valves;lips 1.5 mm wide, \\'idening_to2 mm on anti-stylar side.- Scedobliquely obovate, Figr 23 29 mm long; seedbody triangular, 9-12 mm long,'7-9 mm wide; base^acute;laterai (o 10) 'g '(O '( '( F !! ap q pnE ) Duo.t looq g a ) aD!.tot)1l8 f) satouat.rdots-Yrrg Jo uotlnqulslc IS orn8lC ut + :'^ JE 8? tu trl: -- | -: rt, iriiiii p0 i I ir i a-o ilr;iilr :rr pu i? ,'!\€ allr /\\,-,rrl 'IU I I i iS Yr xo( itri x0( uol +;1il 1; '3u . i:11" + s1) l uor lr 'se(8-t _L5l/t\ Hl_tlu5 -J0, vr'tv!lsnv Nat|sll sllc

eAc eql '92 'snraaq 9€- salououd eutll eql ^q os lsourl" Jo PeqsIuUsI 11l?ql os elel 'pouad Suue^\ou lloqs " s€q pLte salouoltd u"ql Jolll?o sJeL\oEaDl,toQlt DtYluDg 'Irld 'u,^lou) l"uo|lBNurpqlp) urqlt,\\sJnJJo lt lnq aJ? -qar a7lnp! suorlelndod ,{eJ ? fluo ou}Bdru^sto^eu eJ? o,\\l eqt salououd'g Jo ]BUEJeql Sult Jo 's.r3^\ou 'pal uJrllr.l!\s,ror8 aDlrotr!^'g qSnoqllv plo luelsls;ed -{q popunouns se1ct11o.1re8rt1 'scl?]q s1r'pue se,realpeqol .,{1deepeJou s:}I I"lcnlo,\ur puE ql,\\oJ8 ,treu ,{11oo,nlI fq psslu -8ocoJ g p\te aouoptt DIgluDB 3[req ]euroJ eql'pa1e1er-'(1esolc a:t,{e1put1 sa|oltol.td p0q 'drenrqeg pue .{:tnut1 Potldd BuraaoH 91l^ 'Lun.lldaJsg pue pJDnuDllo suf 'tr 'pu?lqnJqs 'Pu"s '|D1!qoH qll{\ pel"rcoss" 11e1Suturo.I peJ cled lo ,tlo11e,{deep uI rlrq '(HJ-dAd',,\^SN ''IAI '> '8NVJ 'IUfl '(]V) glzll a8nzt '/ 'ZL6I.'{rcnuef ',{sulurollqJ et I S '9261I o1pzor uo uolourrqlJo5!3o qliou (rul 0z) selru zI :(HJdad) SzozDaPDg v J roqtueldes6z turu '€^r{ uosrqcrnjl rEaullelA sJoleg:(.IS]^l)969 plr{plo'6lep ou'Je^Id uoslq3rnll suall.alP)pat)alas selc 'pu"lur 'uo}dru€qlJoN '3ur ru{ 0€-02 tnoq" pu? ro^IU 'Erl?rtsrry '3Il) 'aounqulslo uosrqrJnl re,\\ol eql uoe^ueq uretsaiN lso/& qlnos (19 'urqi + s8ur.{ :lurod r"l,{ts t" qll\\ t"oq't?U {cqt puo osl? '33pu Sudueq:o,to q1r,tr fpog pa3s e^oq" pouelcql sBuL\\ :alncs ^poq poes '8uol 'el"^oqo 1? 1l pesseJd[uloseq :eplt tutu ruol 8Z €Z + .IoJD.ndaS ep$1llo E?IJ lsur?8" 0Z'8uol tI feJA 'opISuI 'el"lnpun tuul eqol 3ut,tee1peqclou e]eq,{\ epls {.rsp )c"lq S l".Iel"l 'xe^uoc re1,{1so1 pe,trnc'epr,r Lulu BI-SI 6ur,{\ :selcJeqnl ,{\ol p3lelleos rl1l,\\,{eJB {l€p 'azlu oc"JJnsJelno :seloroqnl ,toJ peret]?cs qll,t\'lJ"lq'i€U + ec"Jlns leuul : epls .l3uul uo oSpu 'o13ue 'uttll 'lq8lerls o1 pauelcqr lueururord qll& uISJ"ru :eddn ipe,trncut + suISJEru 'a8tooD 'S'y WE blsluotr I86I NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981 A. S.

25. Banksiahookerana Meissner Selec Hook.lourn. Bot. and Kew Gard. Misc. 7:ll9 (1855)(as Hookeriana) Sirmuallerahookera'a (Meiss- 1969 ner)Kunlze, Rev. Cen. Pl.2:582(1891). K,N "Drummond, Tlpe citation: coll. vi. n.202". Lecto: NY; iso: BM, CGE, FI, K, LD, Hat MEL, NSW, P, U. ASSC Cotyledonsbroadly obovatc, l4-15 mm long, 12 13 mm wide, ascending,faintly Flot 3-nerved towards basc, medium green; auricles descendingto vertical, acute, I 5 mm long. Hypocotyl 1-1 5 cnr long, 1 glabrous, green. 5 mm thick, Seedlingleaws llrst 2 opposite, witt -l- 5 mn above cotyledons, 4-5 broadly linear, mm long, ll-12 mm wide, divided each furt side almost to midrib into 8 9 narrowly triangular obtuse lobcs, somewhatoblique, the old margins slightly recurved; lamina loosely hirsute above and on midrib bclow, loosely it is woolly tapering below; to base, sessile; higher leaves scattered, narrowly obovate to orr broadly linear, to 5 cm long, 14 mm wide, otherwisesinilar but with more nlrmerous lobes. Seedlingst?n hirsute and densely tomentose. Smi Maturc plant 3 nl tall 3 a shrub to and m broad, without liglotuber, much-branched am and bushy. Branthlets 1-severalarising just a node, below 15 25 cm long, tomentose, 2-3 not always producing an inflorescence,sometimes showing two gro\,vth pedods between nodes. Ieayes on upper 2/3 3/4 of branchlet, scatteredbut nore crowded towards apex, sprcading and gently curved upwards, linear but gradually broadening towards apex, 6-16 cnr long inclr.rdingpetiole of 5 15 mm, those ir lower part of branchlct and 26. immediatelybelow inflorescencethe shorter; lamina 5-12 trrm at widest including lobes, flat or slightly concave or conver, lobed alnost from base with 20 45 lobcs on each side, the lobes l triangular, 1-3 mm high, 1 6 mm broad, obtusely mucronate,distil side T!p shorter than proximal, gently concave to sigmoid, proximal side almost straight; sitruses srne Bak Y-shapedwith an angle of 60"-120', usually f 90', rarely shallowly U-shaped;lanrina almost smooth above, n.ridrib slightly raised; lateral nerves evident below at an angle frui of 80' 90' but lateral ones to each lobe incurved towards apcx of lobe, reticulate and finely pitted between,midrib prominent below. Inflorescen(:elerminal on recent branchlet, 1i conspicuous,cylindrical or slightlytapered upwards, 9 l0 cm wide at anthesis. Inyofucral des( ,/c.tu nunrerous,pcrsistent, linear-subulate, mostly 1 2 cm long, denselyhirsute with both clos long, straight hairs and short, curled ones. ,4rii 7 I2 cm long, 4 6 mm wide including l1- common bracts, bearing llowers throughout. Corumon bracts linear, slightly broader tna abovemiddle,2 mm long, denselyferruginous-hirsLrte, the hairs morc spreadingand paler toi above nriddle, shorter and darker towards apex with a few long ones at apex, Florol brocts r9ct sinifar but slightly shorter and narrower. Flowers btight orange but the outer side + ob- witl scuredbypale pink indumentunr; stylegolden-orange. Perianth32 35 trrm lorg including velr limbof 6 7 mm; clawsIiliform,0.5 mm wide, pubescentoutside with crispcdand straight +1 ascending hairs, becoming hirsute belorv limb, glabrous inside, free except for thc lowest ll- third; limb nirrrowly fusiform, denselyhirsute with straight hairs, shortest at apex. fttIer"t bas 34 mm 1ong, filaments shofi, connectiveproduced for 0.5 mm. Hypogynousst'ales sigr oblong, obtuse, entire, 2 mm long. Pisti/ 39-45 nnr lorg, curved, glabrous; pollen- to1r presenter 4 5 mm long, narow but with swelling in centre, slightly ribbed; stigmatic witl groove lateral just below apex; ovary with a few hairs around apex, those on the lower side longer, few on upper glabtool perianths side, otherwise Inrtuctescence+ ovoid, the old Bra persistent and + concealing follicles for some years. Follicles in plan vicw narrowly grel elliptic, 20 mnr long, wide, 5-7 mm higb, 10 mm valr,est smooth but hirsute, suture hirs scarcely evident; with fire, to 6-12 mm wide, opening apical margins slightly reculved, mIr splitting in 2 notches stylar ,Seerl-l obovate, 24 long: on side. nm seed bocly cuneate, l2 acute at base,8 14 mm long, 8 12 mm wide, the upper margin oblique, thickenedand flanged,the iateral marginssliglrtly curved; inner surfaceflat, smooth, black, j shining; entl outer surface pitted, wing convex,irregularly rugose or black; cuned to stylar sidewhere wit deeply notched leavingobtuse lobe, grey-black. Sepctratorsimilar to seedin outlile; an ol1 oblique, overhangingridge acrosscentre on each side; stylar above this thickened side mic and produced into a transverse, beak, eaclL fi'om obtuse wing separated it by a fissure. ton Distribution. (Fig. 51) South West Western Australia, chiefly from Arrowsmith Lake to yea Lake Logue and Eneabba, with a few populations north to Allanooka and up to 10 km m1I south of Eneabba. Inv '3uoy 'sas"q eled qll,tr osolueluol ruur 0I s Icql ruo{ e}"lnqns-J"eull sDoJq p))np&l 'es"q Iutu roJ sJJ,\\ouSuIrEeq 'slc?Jq [oruruoc q]JM opl\\ tuul l? I t ldacx3 lnoqSnolql 'snonctdsuoc 'plo ul)i 'epr.,r ururl-y '3uo1 ruc srr,/ slsorllu€ ept,\\ tuc JE3,{ 11 61 9 1e 8-l 'eso1ueu]o1 o1 D u"ql ssel -,{Ilensnlelqcuerq uo l?uluJel u sa.rclllltl snoulSnr;0J eled '9Jl Surruoceqelnsrrg ^lesuep',\\olaq xo^uoc fre.t eloqed:sul8J"ru spl?,{\ol pe{JoJ'qllpltu 'snoncldsuoc 'quplur p3t ol .g8-.08 1e se^reu lell?led qllt\ uon?^.I3u :snoul8uJeJ elud uo u€ snoriunir eJoru esoql'se^reu uo souo Surpze.rdssa s€ s.Ir"rl pol.rnc luolstsred qltn 'slro]q?13l[0,\\ ete esoluetuol ecqJns Je,\\ol :eJnasqouoll"^tau tloos 1nq seuo Sutpterds qll^\ eso](Io -ruol pu? sJI€r{pelJnc gll^\ eso}uotuol ece;.rnsreddn :po^lncal ,{pq311ssut8reru :ped€I{s-n 'elnc€ '8uot pur sesnurs :Jeuoqs ,{llq8lts eql 'e^Bcuoc sul?l"ul 01 esnlgo ruul 'a11 tuslp + 'apt,'wZ I 'J?ln6ueut :l: qlae] :es?q sp:e,ro1 3l?luep 'ruu g7-91o eloqed o1 pe:edt1 ruu 'Pe ldecxo 'elnsirtl gg '3uo1 ruc 'el"cunll 'Suolqo-eleaunc ,{1,no::eu sadrraT snonplcep 91 '8uol91 0I 'osnlqo 'rBeull 0Jn pue esoluaruol IUur l: ^l.t\oJJ?u stelqcu?rq Jo slldqdoJd :.{oI3 'sJr?q €t-6 'qslluld fl{ Surruoceq ]uolsrsJedp€lJnc u,\\ojq ol€d qll!\ esoluelltol ,(1eso1c stalLpaatg ',(qsnq sql pue paqcu?rg rlcnlu tnq laqnlou8lT tnoqtl^\ tu ? 01 grrqs E luDF a'tntDIN apl '3uno[ 'qupru 'pu? ueq,r sr1our8nrre;eytd's.rteq SulpmJds eq] uo sJl€rl PelJnc IOL\,| cr11 esoluouol ec"J.rnsJe,\\ol 'snorq€I8 8ulruo3oq 's]I?rl Sulp"etds pu? pol]nc qll,{\ esoluourol -ue 'po^rnceJ 'plolu8ls ece;rns raddt lped"qs-A s3sllurs :lerurxold u?ql relJoqs ,{llq8lts sall l"lslp 'olnc? 'es?q ()1 xe^uoc ,11q8r1ssurS:eur 'sp.r",\\loJ peuJnl ueuo sectdu eql Jo e]"uolcnru sta '8uol 'oleluep '}sopJ.\\ ssoJo" epr,r ulrtl g Z ulru t-t .{lenbllqo soqol : el"}uep l'€ UIIrI 6I-II ls0, '8uol rrlagI 'el"uoJcnLLr 'ol?cun]l 'xed" ol os ssel'3s€q()1 peJed"l lnq Suolqo-r"eult+ lq€ 0I 'elnsrtq 'sulo^ 'J€al qt9 ro q19 trq 'seqol rouoqs qtr,\\ ;e8rz1 se,ttel lxeN ^losool qIrplu 3ur uo -,{lesuepsse[ 't\olaq osolueuol-e]Iq.\\ 'snolq€lE Sunuoceq sloq? sll"q Sulp"elds qll!\ -qa 'tr;p 'alBIrlcI}3J elnsrrq ,{1esoo1 ueq,t sepls qloq uo luepl^e dlesl"oc uorl"ue^ :po^Jncel s1)1 'ror\\o[ 'pe,'unc .{ltr{3rtsot t€U uel{l ratroqs Joddn oql ",{pq311sseqol sur8l?ur :olnc€ ol J0l1 '8uol Jo 'seqol esnlqo 'urlu es"q puE xedz sp:t,no1 esoql ruru lse8tel eqt l"ll8u€ul r0p € Z 'ol€uorcnlu9 S 'esr}qo 'JpL\\ .{lenbrtqo otur (qupru otr lsorul?) pepr,ttp dldeop ullu €T-It aul '8uol nrc uI ol€loocue1ctldt11e.,{1,to:rtu se^"el t Z }s.r$:suopaldloc e^oqB esola rllo 8-t'eulllno'snorq"l3 ' 'Ialr.ll 'elnc" 'Sulpuocsop safial Suupaas oqs 3uo1 ruu.t E. I 'sutS.rtur ltiDoditH 'xe^uoc 'eptu '1el salcun" :lueprle lou uoD",\.r3u per euu qlt,\\ u3313IqBIT ruul 71 11 '8uo[ 'cl1d111e-[ues 'Sutpeerds '?tg) rrlru 1-9 .(lesre^su"r1 ,{Iepr.'rr(96 3 suopalI|o3 pu1 elSr iii,ilt ?UI pecs,qeps osr€s, e.,eqr ..raprns .,.''"c ,{r#asli["rl11iffit#f:t"",:ffiril] sSsl -{q pelelouur pu? uarurcedsed.(J pelteq?lleoqs INg :(uesoqceroq) olre'I .t'ou suls 'Jtaplng'/11'r{uodJo 'ooreql?lN:VI'IYUJSnVY epl EN sellur0zI tnoq? 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'o' solurlouros :lu?urruop uauo 'puBlqn.rqs SulrutoJ pu"s ,\\olto,{ Jo ollq,\\ doep uI JulqDH '(Hlugd'SNvJ) 'el ',4[SN') 98OO8LlnieuH y'8/6t trrdv/Z'eqq€culjJo Srul 8 :(Hld3d .SSI€ ,SNVJ) taapng '8t6t 8nV o)el ruo{ gN :(Hluad) 23.toa9 'Y'6961 'l.O '6)ie-I€ITl, V J /Z'an8o-I '996I '3r1Y 'eloouBllv9LL6 'saolQa|or S 9l q]!us^\orrvJo N :(HJfad) t|s lla$a)I Z 9Z palraPs 'e8roa9 ,?sltDB. S V 344 Nuytsia Vol 3 (3) 1981 brown curled hairs and hirsute with spreading ones, bracts mostly deciduous by end of P( flowering, Common bracts narrowly cuneate, 4 5 5 mm long, densely ferruginous- re hirsute; exsertedapex shortly conical, slightly upturned, tomentoseand loosely hirsute, cu apex pale brown. Florql brdcls similar but narrower, 4 4 5 mm long, exserted apex or small. F/ori,ersbright orange insidc, pale outside and with white indumentum. Pei i.lt?//r Ct 34-35 mm long including limb of 5-6 mm; claws 0 3 nlm wide, broader towards base, outside loosely hirsute with straight, spreading hairs mixed with tightly short, curled hairs, glabrous inside; limb linear, obtuse, densely tontentose-hirsute, hairs sparse at en base, Anthers 2 5 3 n.rm long, apiculate; filanents .. 1 mm long. Hypogyn,tus scal,'s C. oblong,obtuse, l 5 rrm long, somewhatcohering. Pislil35 38 mm long, curvedthrough- B. out, glabrous, slightly scabrous, pollen-presenter creirrn with yellow apex, 4 5 mm long, B. linear, quadrangular, abruptly narrowed above junction vith style then again narrowed in upper half with slight swelling at middle, obtuse, apex minutely globular; stigmatic ti( groove terminal; ovary glabrous except a few short hairs below apcx on each side. h- lo fructescencewillt perianths and styles long persistert, almost concealing follicles. Follicks D€ up to 20, narrowly-ellipticin plan view, 2 2 5 cm long, 5-10 mm high, 8 l0 cor wide; B. valvessemi-elliptic, smooth, dcnselyhirsute; ridge rounded; suturefine; follicles opening be usually with fire, valves spreading to I I 5 cm, each with a split l 5 mm deep from stylar point, leaving latcral beak; lips I mn.rwide. Scerl obliquely obovirtc, 14 16 mm long; seedbody transvcrselyelliptic, 9-10 mm long, 12 nTmwide, obtusc at base,margins thin, B. outer surface pale grey, t smooth but with + reticulatc shallow brown pits, especjaliy in in band around margin; inner surface tawny-rnottled, r convex, with many linear, erect ln processes l, 1 mm long; wing 13 15 mrr.rwidc, dark brown, with notch above stylar di point, decurrent on both sides of seedbody. Separator similar to secd in outline, 14 mm IN long, l2 l7 mrn rvide,with concave,shallow-pitted depressions against secd body, thickened eh above especially belolv stylar point which is beaklike with a split each side. in fo Distribution.(Fig. 51) South West WesternAustralia, between Eneabba and Mogumber; pe inland. intermittent along a belt about 50 100 km arl Selectedcollections. I7 kn S of Eneabba-Carnamahr-oad along Willis road,2'7 Marc1\ 1917, A. S. George qt 14425(seedlings, burnt fruit) (PERTH); betweenMarchagee and Coor-ow,May 1939,Mi.ts Ftarc s.n. an (PERTH);l0 milcs(16 km) NW of Mogumber,26August 196,+, K NcwDcl1,113 (PERTH). Ilqbitat. ln deep white or yellow sand as a component of tall shrubland over open heath; sometimes locally corlmon, but the recorded populations generally small. 27 Flowering period, Late Janlrary to May, with a peak ill February-March. Bqnksia burdettii has a restricted distribr.rtion and may be considered endangered. T1 Most of the land in the area where it is found has been alienated for agriculture, and LC only populations in Alexander Morrison National Park could be secureprovided they are le< propefly managea. Bz The speciesis most closely related to B. prio otes Lindley and is distinguished by its Br dentate leaveswith parallel secondary nerves and by its larger follicles surrounded by the Pa persistent o1d flowers. lts flowering period coincides with the first half of that of -8. dil prlo otes but there is a peak in February-March after rvhich it quickly tails off. it is the only speciesof the serieswith a muricate inner surface of the seed body. 10 Baker considered B. bufiettii to be related lo B. houei and more closely so to B. fir prionotes ard B. menziesii. The first of these is unrelated to bLffdettii; the last resenbles it in leaf size and dentation but not in morphology of flowers and fruit. ab Ie(

Series Cyrtostylis (Benth.) A. S. George, stat. nov. be Banksiaseclion Clrlr.r/y/r.! Benth., Fl. Austral.5:5,12(1870). wi Type species:B. media R.Br., lecto. nov. lor ml Shrubs or tuees,wilh or without lignotubers or fire-tolerant stems. Icares serrate hn or triangular-lobed, the margins flat or slightly recvved. Inflorescezceterminal or on wi short lateral branchlet, cylindrical or sometimes spherical, erect or in I speciespendulous. 1, 'sno:qep 'olnsrlq ,{lesool pulr o^oq" srreq palrnc qlJ.^dtuscsoqnd .{lasolc Sutuoceq ruc 7 1 'Snr ro1 eliri.rril wali 3u11paag Suol urtu y 1 elorlod :e?unc"l uI Ioo.tt elq.{\ luelsrslod ql$ uo snorqulS Sulruoceq sa^Jeu uo luaJsoqnd ,(l]Joqs pu" qyPlur uo,trole_q olnsllq trnq 'snolqBlS l"rel"[ el". -esolueurol ,{lesuap Suruocoq e,loqe luecseqnd-pesserddt euluel :8uol 'ol?uorcl1ur 'el"cullJl 'opltl '3uol-luuJ qleel elnce -,{ueurqlr,tl ol?Jres ol asnlqo urru 9z 9l €-I 'el"Aoqo 'apIS ruc g-9 so^€al req8q :u[u E Z Jo eloltad ()1 8uued4 qcso rlleel 9 € qll.t\ 'apln ruru SZ ptl? Suol ruc A ol d[ ]nq lBlIuIs so^?el t-Z lxau :flloo^\ sulruel eql',\\ol3q qrilrru uo ifni:rq 'snorqe13Sultuoceq o.\oq? elnsrtq-luecsaqnd,(lesool ?uru"l ipedeqs-r1 '3pIS 'paIJns:I sesnurslso3pe p3^Jnc qll^\ Suol luur 'alnc" qleal eql rlc"e uo JI"JJJS-Z '3uo1 s-€ 'e1?eunc-e]"Aoqo'suop3[{loJ d1tq311ssurS:erlr :epld\ luru E1 r.uur gT l- e]l1c" JAoq? 'per ')cql :l '3uo1 ,(iejelpanrury lsrg .sa^Dal8ulpaas snorqzlS U€p ruur S.I uuu 71-9 s0l( 7 'o1nce 'Sulp"eJds '{ 3uo1 Luut ;

'tg'a 'd\eJ 'us ogp!t111 ,r esoqt ot ull? l?q,{\euos selcltloJ plo^o . lenbllqo pu" 'l.roqsJo 'se^"el ecuecsolou:urpepunoJ ? s?q slr at !{qqstt €' ()1 pu" sle,{\ou sI ut DlD uauo '8. 'qcrql{, '€' 01 sdrqsuoDeleJSur,\\oqs olrq,\\ suDBaP sI selJeseql Jo seIJJds snol?luou" lsolu eqJ lerruoJ oql ruluueunpur pu" ]noloc eq] qllt\ Jell"l eql Jo qlu"rlao '8uolJo 'DLIolapP 'g leJou :Je( Suol pu" se^?ol pISu eq] 3ul^€tl puu xDpnD A uee,t\laq luIT €_stuJoJ 'sel€el '8uol 11ztfiin1 orsyuog aleluap ,([p]8u ,{re,r put sacuecselouul snolnpued sll uI -{1pe1rurusraJrp lnq ,(SotorldJour l?rog slt uI DuDtalpult €' selquessJ ^lesolx DuuapP peu DtyluDg 'saaueaserogut ut sre,{\oupep,\\o.rc'ouq sll{q seuoseqlJo Jepulsual €ql utul Fcr:oqds 'sxlxrlloJ uroi.; peqsnr8urlsrp{ DID&eol DleluDg II?us pu" sre,tlog e8uero eq} ur eBJe^lP .r"ll 'g '\trq4sD xopnD puv ouDtw9qtaaq g D!$luDg apLto8D.trJ selles eql qtl,^{ )uJI " eleclpul lceJ 'e8l"l 'suopel,{}oc {lle qcr.q,\\sro,rou peSu"ue ,{luedo Jorll?r sBy DuoIapall ,rsZtr€r oll?ul 'up -Sreruo 'e8re1s1rul4ueqo sreJlp tlvnuauD 'g eseql orolj 'os,toLuao.rd'gpuu xltlsold g 'olpaw 'g el? selresoql Jo srequeru lectd,{1cq1 snoeueSoreleqloql?l sI solres orlJ i3u, J€I,{ 'elull sttu"qtrueg3cuIS peqrlJsop ueoq 'Lutqluog Surr o^.?q soues eqt sercedsrJrllo aqJ, ,{q pe1ooFa,,i.odtqsuotltler E'Dtpaw g Jo 'ereq ."vl ol pel"lal dlesolc sr rsal eql :DS,t.)LuaD.td'Bpup, DipS^apl g'suDEaP g zt,t 8uo1eq sal) syt6oqltg uorlcos sq ur peceld u€qlueg qcq.tl sercadsse:ql selJes leqlo eeJql ol -aJ pa,\oru3JSureq sraqlo eql'poul"ler ereq er" t ,{luo ruq ,{q pepnlcut selcods0I eql JO uoD "11" -oas? s" lI Jo ldecuoc s.urrqlueg ulo{ -'{lq€Joplsuosslegtp peugop 3J0q s€ salles eqJ pe,\\ '3u( 's^\c.rpuVosJotuao,ttl'g pu? roupJ"D 'J slttlsoltd'g ''Jgl 'JoupJ?D 'J 'Joussletrr'{ 'leussret\ 'g -q3r olpau 8' !tzlL[tt]1! B' ottolalputl B Dlt18lQol 'Jousslelr'{ 'g '']I.,LT 'Ileol '€r 'leup.l?D rJoup.l€C sa srr8al, g DLtD.laUa ) DaolwDlfluaqBr J lD ''JgX 'C xoptl1 g DlDnuattog're{"g A Llqqso'g :"tl€llsnY ulalse^\ q}lros uI cluepuo lei 'sercods 'o6lapg 'slql, pe[-r 1le ZI Su,rolloJ eq] sullrluoc LronJ"s eql uI selles lse8r€t eql 'es? 'ol"lnualc 'eleeuns-pepunoJ 'e}eur3:erueseuqeuros uauo ol el"Aoqo suoptl,ltoi LltuL 'Suruedo '8uol rolje pe>1eeq-,{Ileregrl uIc Z uEql ssol fllsoru Stld\F sapllo! qloours Jo xodl 'peue{cll} '8uol elelsoc .,(1oug .(ltq8lls urLu E u?rlt ssel -{fl€nsn re}uosord-uollod : po^rnc 'qslppel 'snoul8nJreJ ',to1e,{ 'slseqlu" ,tylua8 ro lq8l€lls /!,rld lo e8u"Jo .lolJEpexelo.l -s11c 'srseqlu" qtuplDd eJoJeqpouJnldn l"qr't\etuos qull eql qllid seulleuos lo lg8iE.Ils elrr.b JOI 'e8roeo ,?sZarg' S V I86I 346 NuytsiaVot. 3 (3) 1981

, Mqture plant a shrub or sometimes a tree to 10 m without lignotuber, usually much- branched and_spreading, up to 6 nl |"cross. Trunk stout, up 10 30 cm diam. Bark up to 1 cm tlrick, becoming roughly fissured, not friable, grey. Btanchlets sliglrtly angular becomingterete, at first I . 5 2 mm diam., tomentosewith curledpale brown hairs,becom- th ing grey, glabrous after 2-3 years; prophylls at base of branchlei narrowly linear, obtuse, pc up to 8 mm long, tomentose,soon deciduous. leales narrowly cuneate,truncatc, muc- TI ronate, mostly 4-10 cm long, 7-20 mn.rwide, sometimcsup to 12 cm long and 25 mm ev wide ; margins slightly recr.rrvedor 1lat, serrate for 1/2-3/4 of length, the teeth obtuse to mucronate,mostly 1-2 (sometimes3) mrl lorg; sinusesU-shaped, 2 8 mm wide or wider lo towards leaf base; lamina pubescentto hirsute above and on nervesbelorv. becoming ht glabrous,lacunae below white-woolly; petiole 5-10 mm long, tomentosesometimes bel coming glabroLrs. Inflorescenceterminal to short leafy branchlet latcral to stem 3 5 years old, occasionallyterminal to main branchlet,cylindrical, 7-lJ cm rvide at anthesis. flt Axis 6-16 cm long, 8 9 mm wide, 2024 mm wide rvith common bracts, without flowers T] for f I cnr at base and up to 1 cm at apex. Inttolucral bracts narrowly linear on thick bases,up to l0 mnr long, denselytomcntose, deciduous bcfore anthesis. Comruonbrcrc:ts sn linear, 7-8 mm long, denselyhirsute; exsertedapex conical,acute, upturned, ferruginous- pi tomentose, with extreme apex glabrous, cream-browD. Fbrul brects similar but nairower, re with obtuse tomentose apices. F/or,r,erugolden ycllow but soon turning brown, the limb often brown in bud; styles crearn. Perianth32 38 nm long including limb of 3 4 mn; 2l g€ntly crirved, with the limb somewhat irpturled before anthesis, relaxed after anthesis; clawslinear,0 5 mm wide, scarcelytapering, glabrous outside at blrsebecoming appressed- pubescenttowards limb, glabrousinside; linb narrorvlyelliptic-oblong, obtusi, giabrous. PI Anthefs, | 5 mm long on filamcnts of 0.5 mm, obtusely apiculatc. Hylngynous scales T, narrowly triangular, alnost acute, l 5 mm long, frce. Pistil 33 40 mm long, gently G sigmoid, slender,glabrous; pollen-prescnter ovoid, 0.?5 trm long, obscr.rrelycostate, fr with an obliquebasal swelling; stigmatic groove lateral; ovary shortly hirsLrteto pubescent at apex. InJiLtctescerccstorlt, old pedanths and styles persistent, the latter downturned. Follicles up to 70, at first 11.concealed by old flowcrs, in plan view elliptic, l5 25 mm long, o 8-14 mm high, 8-11 mrn wide; valves scmi-elliptic,slightly expanded to stylar.side, gentl-y B. convex, then rounded to suture, colliculatc, sparsely hirsutc becon.fng glabrous, biown; ridge obtuse; suture fine; follicles opening usually with fire, mostly to 10-20 mm across; valves sonewhat recurved, split from stylar point leaving a broad beak; lips 1 . 5 nm wide, broadening.to anti-stylar side. re Seerl fr obovate, 25 34 mm long; seedbody obovatc, Str 10 12 mm long, 5 7 nn.r wide, obtuse at base; inner surfaceconvcx especiaily at apex ol where slightly rugose, black, glistening; outcr surface convex, slightly rugoie, daik broivn; ct stylar nargin narrowly bordcred;wilg l1-20 mm tvide,curved towards stylar side where te split to seedbody leavingnarrowly ovate lobe, anti-stylarside decurrcnt[o base of seed b.ody., Separator obovate, 20 25 tc + mm long, imprcssed against sced body, scarcely ,t ridged above,narrowly beakedto stylar point; rvingsrecurved ollly in upper l/4. Distribution. (Fig. 54) South West Westem Australia; south coastal districts from near the eastern end of the Stirlil]g Range to Israelite Bay, with eastern outliers at point Culver fli and Toolinna (Nelson 1975). In the central part of its range the speciesextends inlard ol to near Lakc Cronin. fc S?lectedLolleLtio\s. Near Point lrby, BeaufortInlet, 29 March 1964,l. ^t.G€o,ge 6155 (pERTHt; LdLe tt MagentaRcserve, ,1July 1963,H. B. Shuggs.n. (PERTH); Along rabbirproof fencc 20 rniles(12 knrl tc S of Jerramungup-Ravcnsthorperoad, 2 Oct. 1966,R. Filson9141 (MEL, PERTH); pt. Ann. Fiizeerald p( River NationalPark, Jan. 1976,A. S. Georyes.n. (PERTH); FrankHann Nationalpark. 7 Aue.'1978. ti D. Mofik317 (PERTH); S of Ravensthorpe, 16Sept. 1925. C. A. Garclcr 1790(PERTH):4 mite;(6 kmj pl S of CrassPatch, 18 April 1953,R. D. Ro),te4065 (PERTH); 3 knr north-eastof Howj.ckHill. 2i SeDt. 1968,A.E.Orchard1164(AD,PERTI{);SendofMt.Raggcd,6Jan.1979,B.Barnslcy33l(Ctsc.PERTH).1c ST Habitat, Ifl white sand or sandy loam, red clay, loam over limestone or occasionally II in shaleor granitic soil, in low opcn heath, tall shrr_rblancland low open wootlllrrd. tc Flowering period. Mainly March to August, with occasional flowers to Decenrber. The diagnostic features of B. neclia are thc lack of a lignotuber, the cuneate, dentate S( leaves usually with recurved margins, the golden yellow flowers, the appressed-pubescent c( perianths with glabrous limb, thc glabrous pistil with very small polGn-presenter, and nr the colliculate follicles that are sparsely hirsutc but soon glabrous. m 'olns:1q-3uo1 '3uol pelmr pu? uoqs Surruocoqs:rrq aq1 ,{lesuep ruIII L'l2aurl sQuq uow 'elnsJrg-esolueruol '3uo1 'ol?lnqns 'snoJerunu -aoJ ,{lesuap ruru ll-g ol r?aurTf[,ro]r€u pul spotq [)lJryoruJ xed? l? rur I + ]oJ ldocxo ]ooq8nolql s.ro,rou8uu€eq'slceJq uoutruoc lue qll^\ urtu 'eplr g'8uol 0Z-9I ulru 6 LLtcLt OI sr{t' qnJqs eql ur pel€ecuoc-l"q,\\euos elB uerll pu? ru3ls loplo u€ 01 l"Jet"l ueuo lelqcuerq uo ro l€urlure] aJud)saloaal LreeJd -snourSnJreJol€d r{luoJ8 ,reu :uor}?ue^ et"lncr}el eq1 Suourz snoncrdsuoaur'quplur ol 'posr?r .0L-.09 olAue l? se^rou :u,\\o]q-a8u?ro leq,roruos qlrplru :a?unc?[ oql Jo l?Jol?[ '8uno,{ f,[t uI elrq,r eug JoJ ldecxe snorq€I8 Surorocaq ueq,r elnsJrq-esolueulolec€JJns Iooa 'sJeq rlJoqs re,\\ol:s[oJq"l8 Suruoceq Suol pu? polmc qlr,r e1r.rs]q-esolueuol .(lesool '1de{H. acqJns raddn uo "urur"l :esntqo sesnurs: elnce ,{llue8und ,{ler"r 'esnlqo ,{ll"nsn 'l"urxoJd '3uo1 (Ixrl u"q1 JolJoqs qcoru urSlsru uItII g qleetr:aJrlue -,{lel"J'es€q ol lsorxlB serull '816 legstp'pe^rncar I -eruos JI"q Jeddn ur elejros -(Fq8rls trre.n:o leg sur8rzru i3uo1 urur g Z elorled PI€I " ol pelroJr?u ,{l1dnrqe 'apr,tr ruc ujc 'ol€uorcnul ,{1esn1qo'esnler o1 (ru)t 'el"eunc l.Z ,.0'3uol a Z o{e' elecunrl .f,1,ttoueusa,ruaT slelqcu"Jq ruo4 luesq" ,{ll"nsn s11.qdord eqr '3uo1 l"Jalel ruru 61-4 s1y,{qdo:desoluoruol reeurl -{1,uoJ.r?u,^\al" rteq.(eur qcrq^\ rua lslg loJ 'srr?r{ 'e1ere1 'spur,r€-Z ldecxe -{;ea1 polJnc qlr,'\\ osolueuol dyesolc + slalT)uD,tg oJoqsuo pur 'poqcu?rq-qcnur . q ,to1 1de>1pu? Surp€eJdsuauo stuetd oql os?q o^oq? rua75 Suqrg JOA 'q8not 'l.roqs 'J.qt1louat J?er 4,rog lnols luntJ I lnoqlr,r ru t ol qnrqs e Ju\ld a.mlqt[ 'qsrppeJ'elnsrrg-esolueLLro!wats 8ullpdas Ile. 'sno.rqel8Suruoceq se,\Jeueql 'eeuncel eql ut f,11oo,\\,{leugpu",lroleq selJeu uo esolueuol 'snorq?l8 'o]no" pea Sutuoaoq e^oqe elnsJrq-esotrueuol.,(lasleds oeunc"l :8uol unll Z-I qlool eq1 'el?Jtes '1rg sur8reru :epr,{ uru.r '8uol uru 'at?cunrl 'ol?uolcnlu 'el?eunc EI 9 !€-gl 'elrsoddo :u,! dl,torreu o1 ol? oqo :pojoll€cs se^?e[ Jeddn :srlopel,{lor e^oqE lulu T II? 'snorqelS 'Icql 'lrorls E '8urp€eJds lsJU :sa^oal Sul taas pal doep esnlqo 'ale Z 'el"Fpun lttoJodtrH 'el"lncrleJ .{yopnt'3uo1 ruru I + selcun" :,rolle,( ,{pq8qs sur8reru:ueeJ8 urnlperu 'opl ,{11ure.;'epr,rruru '8uol rutu 'et€Aoqo 'Surpeerds,{1epr.tr (9g g 3rg) suopa1trc1 8 II-gi :SSC ' '(0I8I) 'r" :u,r -aud g toJsE tedfl Uradns;ollnuou 802:01uopuot .oS uul] .r"ra JT;|::Y#? ,{nu 'I6lI loqolro '3ur 'pet -regrueldes ur serzuelr'{pl?qrqcly dq punog eB.roeD8LIr) 1" pelcelloc pees ruo{ pesr"J '^\e) eJe,r ur"llJg ur poued flll?e sql le u,rol8 slu"ld eqJ ,,208I uoH,, uoqetouu? lu0: eql seq pue Wg lE pe8pol sr 1y ed-,{1oeueql s" peleuuuou eleq sr Z08I ur ,\\e) ruo{ polceloc uerurcedsSuue,nog y pella Buleq uorlcelloo rutqdslJ eql pu€,rre) l" suepl?C '{llu eq] qlog '1eue1erupet"^rllnc uo pes?q s?,r uouducsap eqJ euou :uot1o\o adtl salD lefoU 'snc 'uoC 'eztun) *' t' -pes ^oU (s,uerpuv)1)stotu)titd t).Dlanutts (Z0gI lC IndV) ,r, Onr , O(tfil '97 :srsi s,\\eJpuv Bsrouoald r1sryug ; tuu qul ':aq1o3o1Sut.norB pep:ocar -snc uoaq 1ou o^eq o,\\1 eqt tnq apaLu g o8u?J eql ulqtr.r s,ror8 ,rrylQsolld Jo 'pe{c"dt?cqd€r8oe8 olelaDg slrls\d etnsrrq pu? sqlu?uod luocseqnd '{llrl3rl qllr secuecseJouurJell"rus SI)D 'sur8J"ru pelJnceJ erour Sulteq se^eel Jer\\oJ.r?uqlJ,\\ quqs relFrus .41lzrsn " sI qorq,\\ {clr Jeup.r"C slltlsoltd g sr o4)aw g ol pelsle.rIlesolJ sse-I aulsdolle oJ? salcodso^U oqJ sler,r 'qluelled J .SISO sno:qe18 eql pu? s.ra,\\ouqsrppeJ erll'rllael esntqo -,{JaAll"rus qtr.{\ se^eel }€U -s,{e,rl? eql ur flerluesse sJegrp qcrq^\ pslouao.td g qlJ.lr sr dn{suort"leJ lsesolc eqJ -0q qlr,r JJ^\oJr€u 'lo8uol sul8l?ru olnlo,\or ssol so^tal e^?rl ?ul! 'pe33e11 .re3u 'suotllrlndod puelul uru put 11,,1pu" sep"qC IBed 3 o opr,\\ 67 6y 3uo1 rapl. luc ,{l}sour so^€el s?q sorcodseq} 'o8u?] slr pu" urelse,r eql uI 9 t Jo lr€d l€lseoc 01 a 'luJ)::JoqrT ruloJaq (Ll€nluJ^; lutu 'poqcu?rq-qcnu d€u qorq,r qnrqs Surprerds ? sr lseoc eql uorJ,{e,ue lrq"q l€crd,'(l erlJ -cl1U 'lJq"q eur?s oql Surdole^ap er" plo sJee,{ pue 1" uorle,\Dlnc ur uorl€lndod 'os11: } € HI){Ed 'llq?q urrv ld eql uro{ ,{ua8o.rd pelloJluo3 .,(l1zcr1eue8eq lu3lxa euros ol ,{'pu.rtl srql -ruo roJ uos"er eql -,(pred eq ptoo,r spur,r oroqsuo 3ul[e,re:d q8norply o8?rToJaql o^oqe J"ln: 'et"JlsoJd 'uuv epnrlord secuecsoJouuroql l€ql os qcnu os lsourl" ere s1ueldeql ld 1" 3 e 01 d 'suorl?lndod lBls€oc,reJ ? uI se^?elpu" lrg"q ur uorl?r.r? euos s,roqs sarcedseqJ -q.n 'o8looC ,jrlrr8 S V I86I 348 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981 on the exposed part; exserted apex narrow, acute to obtuse, upturned, almost glabrous, ob when young with a few terminal hairs. Florql brqcts similar but 6 mm long, without lor the apical point. F/ow,ers where exposed deep red-maroon, otherwise pale greenish- nl1 yellow; limb green with extremeapex yellowish; perianth pink inside at anthesis;rarely clT yellow throughout. Petia th 33 34 mm long, ircluding limb of 4-5 mm, gently upcurved throughout; claws t 0 4 mm wide, sligbtly narrowed but thickened uprvards, rvith 3 close central nerves, glabrous throughout on both sides; limb narrowly fusiform, obtuse, _[ keeled,when dry the central ncrve promincnt, lateral ones lessso. lrt,4crs 2.5 mm long, including filament of 10.8 mm and obtuseapiculum of t 0 3 r'lm. HlpogynoL$ scalesoblong, + 0.5 mm lotg. Pistil -l: 3l mm long, gently curvcd, glabrous; pollen- presenter erect, f cylindrical but with slight kink at base, obtuse, I mm long, slightly tr ribbed; stigmaticgroove terminal; ovary glabrous exceptfor short, straight hairs about the apex. InJructescencecylindrical, 5 8 cm diam.; old perianths and styles persistent for many years and often quite concealing follicles, the styles usually curled or bent. Follicles narowly elliptic in plan vicw, 18-20 mm long, 7 l0 mm wide, 6-9 mm high; valves semicircular, convex) colliculate, glabrous; suturc fairly promilelt, slightly un- dulate; follicles usually opening with llre, the valves opening 5 l0 mln, not recurved; lips I 2 mm wide, broader on side opposite style; a split on each side of style base leaving a broad beak. Secd obliquely obovate but notched or stylar side, 20-22 mm long; seed body 10-lI mm long, 6 8 mm wide, base + acutc,wirg extending:l_.halfway down side i! opposite style, both surfacesslightly rugose, dark grey; wing l3-J 5 mm wide, dark brown on both sides. Separator similar to seed in outline but without notch on stylar side, r brownish black,20 22 mm long, 14 17 mm wide. Distribution. (Fig. 54) South West Western Australia; on the south coast between Albany |, and Bald Island. Selectedcollectiot1s. "Swan River" (colony),"/. Drunmond 285 (CGE, G, MEL, OXF, PERTH);Torndirrup Fi! NationalPark, 19 July19?1, A. S. Georye10879 (CANB, MEL, NSW,PERTH)j Bald Is., May 1963, c. M. S/rrl s.n.(PERTH); Nanarup Beach, E of Albany,Oct. 1969,Cd"k s.n.(MEL). Hqbitat. Ot steep, stabilised coastal sand dunes, often overlying granite or limestone, to in mixed heath. fri Flowering period. August 10 November. fer sp is very localised, being known from only a few localities on the to south coast near Albany. It grows on the seaward-facing slopes of sand dunes and is ot usually kept low by prevailing onshore winds. The florvers are somewhat concealed by ba the foliage, and the plants tend to be incol]spicuors. U Characteristic features of the species are the lack of a lignotuber, thc short, flat, IO obtusely dentate leaves; the deep red and greenish-yellow glabrous flowers; and the col- hir liculate follicles. The close relationship to B. meclia is discussed under that species. ne Banksia praemorsa shows little variation. st( 5 29. C. Gardner (Figure 52) th J. Roy.Soc. W. Austral.47:57(13 July 1964). br "Hab. T):pecitation: in distr. Eyre in arenosisinter flumina Oldfield et Young septentrion- to "Fitzgerald alem versus ad collibus Peaks" in arenosis dunosis fruticetis, etiam prope sir Starvation Boat Harbour, fl. m. Oct. Gardner 12149(TYPUS)." Lecto: PERTH. "prope pa flumenYoung", l8 Oct. 1960,C. A. Gardner12891. I have not found any sheetof Gard- lo ner 12149- be Cotyledons (Fig. 8.26) broadly obovate but somewhat flattened at apex, horizontal, ln + flat, 15 mm long, 15 mm wide, very faintly reticulate or ncrveless,margins red; auricles 1- descending, + acute, 2 mm long. Hypocotyl stout, I l 5 cm long, glabrous, dark red. Seedlinglectves: first 2 opposite, 2-3 mm above cotyledons, narrowly obovate, tapering o8 to petiole 2-4 mm long, obtuse,25 30 mm long, 14 mm wide; marginsrecurved, dentate pr with 2-3 + triangular acute lobes 2 3 mm long; upper surface + reticulate, shortly and pc sparsely hirsute with white hairs; lower surface hirsute on midrib, the lamina woolly; tel higher leaves scattered, obovate to narrowly cuneate, 4 5-7 cm long, 1.5 2.5 cm wide,

tt (8)-ZZ6l I 'ep 'SZ ,{lel€laporu aJu. sapnrl 01 dn salJrloJ luolsrsred sot,{ls pur sqlueuad pl-o :lsngol :[T -ili i.pp ,r"^o1uo.{llt;rcidse xeim 1es:,eq tq8rerls 3uo1 qllll r}nsrtq{i"i9 'esnlqo '8uoL 'Prur)Jlql iryY]y^'1 pul e,r.oo.r8'juzru8rli :e1elibi ,t1eug urur I, t 0 lou Joluoseld-uelloo 'r31u:serd-iafiod elB :sleq Surpto.rils Suol qtlll'elnirrq rleiool to1!q peu:n1dn itty"qyg:{ 'u*op '3uo1 'Ja2utl rnoulzo 3ul tliuaa pen.,nr:3ud1uw 1i- 17 1'ts1s Luru I J\lrlqo salws 'p0 - xJCl?l? -d,{g Srelnride (llu:urtuoJd LUtu g 0Jo sluJurelUuo Suol LuLU S l I wa4luh '-eplsqcBo pe^rou-I se[: dlyercedse,te.nr'e Surire,t uelgo"'cudl11jsrreq:ql'!]nsr1U,{Droqs osLc'Jso}ueluol 'lel 'f1,1i"1 'esnlqo ,{imo.rrtu qLuq :Jltq rrddn ut sut8rzur 3uo1e aptsut rtq^o-ot 'ulJoJllu jlnilq 'ophlno elnslq-8uo1 ieszq e,toqt epllr urru s^\€13:slseqlue aJoJeq €:urLu 0 -pJ p:u-,nian'qLur1aql 'pr\rnJu^\op,tpq3,1i Lo iqBte.rts 9 7.-z Jo.q-utt1 Sutpnlrut- 3uo1 "Lut:.,r '\\oll:I rled odc iu, y7 g7'yiio,.,)4 sajlt, :i,ii io rede lP snourSnrr:Jelzd t11en-sn 'p"{Jnf "r}.'o7;' xade're11tt'usgllnt le'\\o r'reu pu" :elroqs ''(pq31s 1nq r"l$IIS edc 1"11qat1 'i1td 'atzlltrruad 'esolueruol -uo qtrt,t snourBLrr.r:j fldaop seuuoruos iti.,q prlil,T xede '3uo1 'r"eulT 'esnlqo'leiiuoc ,{1,to.rieuxide pal.roir: :elnsrrLl,{losuop uIuI 9-t sl"rg '8urre,*,ig .'{lesuep'3uo1 uoMuro)' 111unluelsrsiad -(uzru:sno11t 01 :so-lu:ruol 119 -0^z-! 'sestq 'snoJeulnu sPDlq pntTo^q xede eruerlxe 1" lclecxolnoqdnolql lcrql uo eieliqirs 'ru"IP '3uol s:a,urdg'auureq'st'ceiquou,uroc qtr,il rilirp,.tru gt gt ruru 6 8 urt ol-s 'imnpuil,tc ']3lqcu"Jq osl€ 'ruols .trrfl slserllu€ t" ut?Ip ruc a. g-9 ul€ur o1 l"ulruJel 1nq 'seI urELULUo.1 i"'rrua.,o r".roret ^teJt-ti6q. uo ,{1lertsrtt'u t'toL[u! 5noulSllll+s3\?Jl '"ou 'snorqdlSSurLuoJaq ,j.otu.u,dt dtiol tLu 9 y i1o,r:b :l1ioo"-:liqn r"unJEl llE'elrr\rrLl 'J}nsJrqpuE JsoluJurolIlJSoep '\\oleq qJJPltu:snor ,{losoolpu? esolueruollunlncllol Jtll 'pod€qs-n -{e1a irirruoceqe'toqt; egnsirq puz lsolu:,riol Flosurp Buuu"l:rpr\\ urur sl-t 'elEuorJnLu 'esnlqo puc sesrurs.:auolurw {1lu:3und qleel :os"q ,{q fienortqo ilpeoiq t-l '8uot 'eleuorcnul 'esnlqo oi 'pe.rrneer sur8rtur:opu\ urtrt gz-q rui 9I s slt lsditiln'orr.,r"'d 'Pelell"cs 'snonplcJp 'snollr^-JsoluJulo} :o alecutt:1 'eleeunc f1,to:rtu ,{la^ ,s44,2? eql (l^\orrPtt''lslqJu"rqJo le^\olbuol" peJeo( {1esu:p-duo;urLu g1 9'5.rrtqo'J"Jull tuurS Z sll,(qdoJd;s:re( go Surlea*pue (el8Sululni unluJLunpul:ql'slloulSlllJ{ llJr t f.retle ''ruirp 'elalol 'elqttg :ilnq"p"1lr,, t11t* "sbii:o'51 ilesueft ulur t z slaruruD'lg -'{er8 'pdrnsg 'tsru '{crql tuc 01 'eu( 1ou .(iq?no: 3u[uoceq 1€ q]oorus ruru fz lrDB ru"lp sI pur pericueJq-qcn!uieqnlouSII u ol qrqs E luD(I aJnlow 4il.r-1 ,{qdnq 1r1oq1l,t t 't96 's!!r$ayl efiEtg dnJJ '(vlA !]oprnB tItJogNqtog) rreg a Ilel !u €'lIqBH-v oleqDg zs ,{u?

u,\\( epls peer 3ut,, -un : gEI 'lu0 1UO1 lno( rnq -ueI SNOL IUTII 'osn E II] paAJ 'luecseqnclpu? elosjlq uerll 'luc ,{lorl 'u,\\olq-peJ gull\)S 'qupllu -qSII Z I JoJ elnsJrl{ Luats Suol urLu S f_ JIolJd.:,{lloo,t\ "urul"l io- e1n'srrqeiryns re,,uciyiluocseqnd ,410s:tdsatej:ns lJddn :pJd?I{s-A + sesnuls :8uol 111Or 'peaJncal 'sno ruru s ol dn seqol elnce ]?ln8u?ul ,-g qll{\ elBluop sulSr"ru :el?cunrl 01 esnlqo 'o3.rooo ,ls?rr€. S'V I86I NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

rajh-e-rproninent especiallyas perianths wear away, in plan vierv elliptic, 22 35 mm long, 15 2O mm high, 10-16 mm wide; valves semi-circular,slightly expandedto stylar side, gently_convex,then strongly rounded to obtuse ridge, colliculate, tomentose but exposed parts beconing glabrous, brown; suture narrow; follicles operringusually with fire, to 15.m_mwide;.valves scarcely recurved, split from stylar point leavinga broad beak; lips 1-1.5 mm vide, broadeningslightly on anti-stylar side. Seezlbroadly obovate, 25 30 mm long; seedbody broadly obovate-cuneate,9-10 mm long, l0-ll hm wide, obtuse at base; lateral margins convex, upper margilr thickened, rugose; inner surfacaflat, smooth to slightly rugose, black-brown, glistening; outer surface convex, with scattered small , ridges,grey, shining; wing 21 25 mm wide, curved to stylar side where deeply notched, annular about seed body. S(pqrqtor similar to seedin shape and size, moderateiy robust, irrpressed against seed body, with a small overhanging ridge above, broadly biaked to stylar point; rvillgs recurved. Distribution. (Fig. 55) South West Western Australia: near the solrth coast, between Rarenst horpe and l.raelireBal. Selectedcolle.lions. + 55km E oI Ravensthorpe,28 Nov. 1978,A. S. Georyel52il (AD, CANB,K, MEL, NSw, PERTH); l8_miles(25 km) N of tscdfordHarbour, 2 Nov. 1962,"/. S. Beirtt 2267(pERiH); lj miles(2t km) N of Espelance,20 Ocr.1931, W. E. Bl.lckall1085 (PERTH); Wittenoom Hjlls,,l-Oct. 1968,A_._E._Orchard 1367 (AD, PERTH);C.rpe Arid NationalPark, 13 Aug. 1980,L S. George16000 !.. (PERTH);W. Austraua,30 Nov. 1848,"r. ^S. noe s.n.(K). Hqbit.tt, ln white sand or sandy loam, often at the margins of depressions,il open-heath, tall open shrubland or low open-woodland, the latter with Eucalyptus occidentqlis or Melaleuca cuticularis. Flowering periocl. Late October to Jal]uary. . Although .similar in its general appearance to lj. ne(liq R.Br., B. pilostylis nay be readily recognised by its leaves rvhjch have recurved margins and are more tomentose beneath, by its smaller jnllorescenceswith very tightly packed flowers, by its pilose styles and_by its-largc follicles and seeds. It also flowers at a different season. T[e speciei is fairly uniform, its most variable character being the length and indunrentum of the in- volucral bracts. - At.the late bud and early liowering stagesthe inflorescencehas a very Iirm appearance, the perianths being more closely packed than in any other species. Thc open flowers producea strong,mouseJike odour.

30. R.Br. (Figure 53) Linn. Soc.London 10:209 (1810) Sirnnrclleraattenu.lta (.R.Bt.) Kunrze, Rev. Cen. pl. 2:582 ,rrnf,fun.. "In TIpe citation: Novae HollandiaeorA australi; LewinsLand:prope littora. (ubi v.v.),, Fi€ Holo: BM. C bu B. r;linJotn,.hlo Lindlc)..Skelch Veg. Surr Ri\. ( ol. 1,1rJan. l8a]t. 7tpe.;rdtio : none gi\cr. The nllllefial on uhich lhis $(rrk \.r- b.i.cd $lr. rojlej ed b\ Jrrre. f)runtltnno and olner eirl] .cirlcr. ar rhe Swan River Colony, wester'n Australia. cho\en): "Surn .Lecto.(here CCE, x llor\ering spec;men wittr ttre ioiatity Ri!cr Drunrlnolrd rnd rnnolate! b) | inntey!' c)tintliu,ta&\a. 111i Cotyledons.spreading,_ obliquely cuneate, l6-20 m rr.rlong, l0 16 mm wide, broadly lrr emarginate with one lobe longer than the other, faintly 3-nerved near base and reticulat'e ne above; auricles,d csce nding or spreading,acute, I 2 mn long. Hypocotyl short, stout, thr glabrous. Scedlinglearcs:ilrst 4-6 setclosely ilbo\e cotyledons,opposite or sub-opposite, ml then more scattered;broadly linear in outline but deeply scrrateexcept for l-2im ai px base,the lst pair 2 3 crr long, 2nd prLir3 5 4 cm iong. then up to l1 cm iong, all 6-11 mm 1nl wide, acute or obtuse,nocronate; margins flat to slightly recurved,dentate; teeth (on lor the lst leaves sometimes narrow ald falcate) acutely mlrcronate, on the first leaves 2-4 sel mm-long, on_th€.upperones l-3 mm long, 2 8 nrm wide; sjnusesV- or U-shaped;upper sir surface loosely hirsute, lower rvith the midrib hirsute with long hairs antl pubescent with ha shorter curled ones, the lamina woolly with matled white peisistent hairi; venation i la1 reticulate, obscured. Seecllingstem pubescent and hirsute with pale ferruginous hairs ral '! ,\\olr?u s" lue.rJncep.{Ilensn euturty lnq Suol ruc 1 o1 dn eloqed :pauell"U + lng pesl?l ',{lloo,\\-elrq,{\ 'sll€rl quplu e?unccl u,\\oJq elud 1:oqs pu" Suol qtl^\ uoqe^reu l"Jel?[ :l pu" qrJp[u uo ,{\oleqe}nsJlq,{lesuep'pessa.rdurr f0rlSlls quplru'snojqelB SultuoceqsJI€r{ q 'aoll?qs pelrnc pue tq8rerts qtlr e^oqe etns.rrq"uur?l:ped"qs-n Jo -,\ ,(lenbllqo sesnurs Ji 'esntqo 'qlSuet :8uol ruru retJoqs eq] eprs erll qleol oql Jo lsour JoJ alsJles 'pe^Jncal Z S.0 l"lsrp 'osnteJ 'opl{\ '3uo1 , ,{pq311ssur3reur :ol?Lrorcnul flasn}qo .ro e}"cunl1 Iutu 91-g u 'JEeu\,{lpiroJq 'pep,{\olc ''. t$J LZ V satDa1 ,{el8 Sunuo.3q u,toJq eled ul:]ueurnpul u :snonprcap.roll"l erll 'seuo Suol qlr^\ elnstrrl dlesool pu" stl€q peltnJ qlra lueJsoqnd slelqcu?Jq: uorl€8uoleslr qtlr!\ lelqcu?Jq,ueudn pet;rec oruoslnq qltol8,^\ouJo lueru 'prcsr,t '3u 'elslnqns ,1 -dole^ep eql qlr,lr snorprcep ,{11sour 1nq luecseqnd o1ruru 61-g Ec€rq 3gl 'xed" 'lnols 'LIlEeu eqt ]" slc"rq 3ranlo^ul u? :Iclql uur ,{lel€JaPoruslaq)uDtg Jo 'elq"r.rJ 8-S '{crql -aq u,{\olq-por pu" sllorqlt pu" osocnlre^ ec€Jlns ruc Z I {JEq :J?lnSoJJI dl 'lnols 1?q^\ouJos-'(ll"11s[ lLuitJ Ilzl ur Z I pu" reqnlouSrl ? urorJ 8uISI.t" sue]s ^u€ru -l"Jo^es qtr,\ qnJqs " uiuo urgulD Jo g]rou :ru 0t ()1 eetl e ,{1ectd,{1tutld tJDW fl eq eq iersrirr' roqnlou;,' ruo{ uollerauc'cu cy#J:'{\i,i$"r'lilKt::$ii;iT?f?Wli};lTilJ$ 'Ct idnipSopuen a lA qlog) Ueg a IJetur sI lrqEq ruorsotoqrv v DlDnu,ltDols)tuDg tg :.ln8r+ ..( z8

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352 NuyrsiaVot.3 (3) 1981 ribs, base of petiole swollen; lateral neryes at 70' 90' to midrib often forkine. reticulate ea belween, Inflorcscence cylirtdtical, terminal to a 1 3 year old branchlet, the iew growth ln just mostly occurring after flowering. Axis 526 cm long, 5 8 mm rvide, 14 18 l.rm wide an with colnlnor bracts, bearing flowers throughout, sometimes except for I cm at base and bc apex. Intoluual ,r4ctJ nun'lerous, subulale, 5-15 mm long, hirsite but viscid, persistent until _flowering. Conno brqcts nrrrolly ljnear, 4.5-6 rnm long, densclyhirsute; ex- sertedapex clavale,densely dark-ferrLrginotr s-p ubcice nt, the extrcmeapex obtuse,almost en black but with a tuft of long white haus. Floral r/actu simiiar but nairorver, lesj clavatc an and not penicillate. Flotters green in bud becoming bright yellow throughout, including rts rts styles. Perianth l5-22 mm long ilcluding limb of 3-4.5 n.rmlong; claws slenderi 0.5 mm wide abovebracts tapering to 0. 3 mn below limb, 3-nervedwhen dry, glabrous;lirlb Iin narrowly elliptic to almost linear, keclcd, often also 1-nervedeach side. glabrous. lntlrels an ist 2 mm long, very shortly apiculate. ,Pistil 1522 mm long, gently cLrrieddo\\n then np, jLrst narrowed and_f _qladrangular below pollen-presentcr,glabrous; pollen-prescnter :t I mm long, cylindricalbut swollenslightly at basc,brown exccptingthe roundedapex and fo. a band along the lowcr side,the apex + laterallyconpressed, stigmatic groove latiral but af longitndinal.- Inltuctescence moderately massive, perianths and stylei persistent, the styles after_flowering curled-agairst bracts. Fo1llc1e,rprominent, bro;dly alliptic in.plan view, 2-3 5 cm long, 1.4 2 cm rvide, 1 1 5 cm high; r,alvesseni-elliptic, viry colvex, + sm-oglh but -densely pubescent-hirsute,grey, often mottled with dark brown; sutr.rre {ine; follicles often opening whell maturc, up to 2 5 cnl across when open, somewhat e)(pandcdtowards styllu side, thc rahes slightly recurved,deeply split from stylar point'Seerl which then fornrs a concavebeak: Jips 1 mnr ride, slightJybroadcr at sid'cs. obo'vate,22)6 mn long; seedbody cuneate,l2-14 mn long, l3 14 nrn wide, the lateral mgrglns .L; straight, narrowly winged, upper margin ellarginate often unequallywith a raised flange on inner face, base obtuse; inncr face granular, dark brownish blaik. obscurelv mottled:ottter.face spar:ely rugose. brouni.lr cream uillr grel rnlrgin:. rhc rugo.itie! dark brown; wing I5 18 mm wide. rounded. dccply rlotchcil on stylar side, inn"erface black with some grey nrottlirg, outer facc dark bro\\n. Sepurqtor simjlar to seedin out- line; a prominent flalge on each side corrcspondingto that on seedbody; wings split from stylar point which forms a broad beak. Distributiotl- (Fig. 55) South Wcst Western Australia: from Kalbarrj to Cape Leeuwin and east almost to the Fitzgerald River, extending inland to Wongan Hilli and Lake Grace.

5?/e.tel,'tlL|!iott.,.KalbJf iNaLional Park.Ja r. lgoe.J.&Jttri'rer,.t1. (PI RI H): \4urchi.orR..nodr.c_ Oldncld,.'t.r\41 I )r l0 l,.n \\ of Lrkc trdtror. , Fcb. tq-1. R. Hnatitik7-u006 (pFR I H,; l5 knr N of cingin. l7 M?t. ,1979,!. J. HawkeswoorlI02 (PERTH); Watheroo Hills, 14 lan. 1905.,,i.Morrison s.n. Fir (CANB); Nedlands,31 Oct. 1921, C. T. WltileJt7t (BRt); Do$ erin,24 Dec. 1959, .S. j. no;e/ s.n.(PERTH): (t 47 km E of Dumbleyung,27 Nov. 1978,_,4.S. O.o,ge15266 tpERTH); CapeNaturaliste, Ocr. i909. J. i. Mdr'dcr s.n. (NSW); Bow River, Dec. 1912,,5.W. Ja,ckr.,'?s.n. (PERTH); BremerBay Road t 5 mites(j4 km) W ofBfener Bay,1 Oct. 1966,R. Iilson9123(MEL). 31

Habitqt, II deep rvhite, yellor,v, brorvn or pale red sand, somelimes over limestone or Ge laterite, as a component of low rvoodland or low open-woodland (often wrth B. menziesii R.Br-, B._ilicrfolia R.Br., ot B. prionotes Lindlcy), sometimes as an understorey lree to T1 woodland of Eu('alyptus gomphocephalu DC. or E. maryiuata Donn ex Smith; ir near- LI coastal sitoations often donrinant; when sbrubby, in tall shrubland, ciosed heath and open scrub. Flowering period. Octobet to February, \fith late flowers into May. Bt BqnksiaattenLtata is a characteristictree of sandywoodlands in near-coastaldistricts ter of the South West of Western Australia. It is often dominant, or. co-dominant with such pr speciesas B. menziesii,B. ilicifolia, Casuctrina.fraserana and Eucalyptus nlargifiqta, tl oc- to platcau cursalso in scatteredsandy pockets among the Jarrahforest on the Darling and for Iei a short distanceeast of the forcst. Nofih of the Moore River its habitti becomesIower, Sh and from the Hill River to the Murchison it is usually a malleelike shrub with manv sh stems arising from a liglotuber. In other respects,these plants are the same rs the arbor"- in, escent otres farthcr south and no formal infraspecifc taxa catr be recognised a case be similar to that seenit B. menziesiiR.Br. ln populations through the qheatbelt 11nd be 'sno.Iq€I8 '8uol 'ltorls uo arunsarclfuI + Suruocoq esoluernol ruur 0I-S elolled :uoo,tleq p 'quprur 'sno.lq?I3 e1e1nc11er b1 "06-.08 le se^Jeu l?Jol"l :e?un3?l ul [lloo,!\ Suluoceq 0 se,l]ari uo slzq u,tro.rqelzd popllc ,lreJ" qlt,t ,lloleq eulu?l :snoJq"l8 SuuuocaqsJI?r{ snoul -. 'u,ttorq 'sJI€q -8nueJ qllu osolueluoJ ^\oleq ql.rpttu :snoJq"l8 Sutuoraq el?d peTJnclJoqs .{ '(pedeqs-n q1r,tr 5,t6cie esolueurot [1eso1cuuruel :epr,tt Luur ,{lleuolsecco) ped€qs o) 9-1 'ps,\JncaJ -n ,{l,ro "qs sesnuls :8uol ruur rlleel ssnlqo rllJ.{! esuq ol lsorul€ el"Jles JI Z-g.0 'ol€uoJclllu 'ot?cun4 ,{p:oqs,{re,L ro wU sul8l"u :oplt rrrru Zt-t'3uol ruc EI-t -,{lllolls 01 -a 'pe:a11ecs ein1q6 'reeuq ,{lpeorq sa{ra7 lelqcuerq;o estq 3uo1e3uo1 ruur 0I-S sll,(qdord q 'alolol 'esolueuol 'e1ere} esolueuol ,'!\eJ2 :sJeef Z-I :out sno.rqel8 Souroceq ,{Ieso1c sl ')cql 'repueq 'elq€uJ 'pernssg urlr tsrg ]? stalpao.!{ dera lou l?q.{\eluos Zrrg' 'paqcu"rqZ I ':eqnlou8rl 'Suipes:ds .luedo reql?r qll^\ ur € 01 gnrqs s luDF aln tt[ 'uJos lou .s3r./1Paas pr 'IN 'o 'd '(sleeqs '('I 1" teeqs ou sI oJerlJ E)'IaW -.1 '(sleeqs 'IC 'ACC 'puoLuwn'!Q,, g) ) :osl:JAIg :o1ce-I ..'tOZ'u IA lloc :uoltDlD adtJ ol !!t '^ou 'ezlun) (t6nss@w)oaottrrpatr D,rpnu ts--lg,gr) ozl:/ cslt{ 'IED .^e) +tut'.t}t1t:i;lf*o lc uuu,{a;pullElsIuBg'lt :oussta14 (u .H '(^) :0 'g '(a) '(a) 't9 'u' xopnD pve (a ) o Dlaoqtuaq g Ds.tou)Dtdg DlpawDls)tuog Jo uorlnqulslo orn8rC Jo

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u"l eql 'elu qll{\ soluqeluos 'olnl"ur eI" 1nc '.r?FSaJJI pur selctlloJ eql ueq,u ,{lsnoeueluods seulleutos SutrrnsJo sr solceds-slqlur solcltoJ 'g 'os.rcwa9td eql go ecnecstqe( (sluel.lB^ "tLtos')DtoLrS,tpLu lnoqlll\ + €''3e'SuITJnc'D}onuallD-Jo 'dn ol pessojdde eLuoceq.{eql setcedseutos u1 trlsr ,(1lensn1nq sne eql l?q,\\eruos sta -jelcureqc ur sr Surre,nogre13e sefls eq1;o Surlrnc Suolls eqJ se1cqlo.;:a8re1 pue lensnur.L 'uoll?uo^ 'llq?r{ qu sJe,rou JoJI"urssll 'slc€rq pIcsIAstrI lueleglp sll Je8l"l slr f,qouotap4l 'selJllloJ Jeel'la8lel 'Jell"lus 'g ruo:; peqsrn8urlsrp sr lI qloorus slr pu€ sJe,{\ou,\\ollof sll 9.C 'uollBue^ 3ur 'slc?Jq pue plcsr^ sll luoJeJlp 3 qllt\ se^€01J3,\\oJJ€u sll l"Jcnlo^ur lalqcu?rq 'DuDfapull'g etre 'Ir?q elgeuJ'lcrql str ul']u?relot-3JuSureq urpryaw g ulo4 sreSlplI pu!- 'rele,ltoq 'sFodsor lsor olpaw ;g tlivt sdqsuorl€loJ s,roqs 1r Jerllo u1 suopel,{1oce1zut8:erua 'e8re1 sgr u1 snol"Iuoue sr DionualtD 'g 'sutrtsoi.tt) selJos eql uI poc?ld q8noqllv 'lu?lelo1-oJg lUo: 'ulnq " lelJe slooqs cru.roctda ,{q Sullnolds et€ sturoJ luecsaJoq pur 'luecs -lv otstluDg ,,1ectdt1,,e oAEI{sje,\\ou eqJ acuecsolouuleql Jo qFuel oqf uI pu€ ep! 'qipr,tr pue ql8uel ur e8u"J eBJ?l e ^\oqs qalq,\\ seleel oql ur,{1ul"ru ueas sl sercedseq1 ut qu\ uorl€rr?^ l?cl8ologdro14 saerl pelunls ,{11ensnor? slu?ld eq1 e3uea 3up115 eq1jo lsze el?l 'eRJoaD Dls:luog S'V I86l 354 NuytisaVol. 3 (3) 1981 t9 i (1",'-L i , I aX to rit ilri ot T sh wi +IFt f r- z:, \ D - tsu t-Ttl M I WESTERNAUSTRALIA Se t\l Mr SOUTHWEST 30 \:^^'

t\ o__t!! H 9,_---l!o as FI *i- Fa^ a tir sil -ll"r, \".!) L bl I c( I lBunbury/ri i T t- Ir ' EA/ i e,,l'.*"[4 "i l 1 1 I l-- E# -r l-\ I I "f"r f_ 1n I-r i \-l".-&1 ul i' j-1"

Figure 55. Distribution of B. pilostrlis (..), B. attenuata(L), B. tindleyana( L), and B. elderana()).

erect lateral branchletfrom a stem 4 6 yearsold, sometimesterminal, cylindrical, g_9 cm diam. at anthesis. Axis 5 9 cm long, 10-12mm wide, 24-25 mm wide-withcommon bracts, bearing flowers throughout except a few mm at base, Involucrql brqcts few, srbulate from thick bases,2-9 mm long, closely tornentose,brownish-cream, mostly deciduousbefore anthesis. Com.mon-bracts narrowly cuneate,8 9 mm long,-densely hirsute; exsertedapex conical, slightly upt'rned, obiuse, tomentose,the haiii shortei and pale towardsextreme apex but often with a smallterminal tuft of longerhairs. F/o/a/ brqcts nartowet and shorter than common bracts, without exsertedipices. F,/owers yellow perianth througho,t, including sty.le,s.- 35-43 mm long includinj-claws limb of 9_10 mm, str.aightor slightly-upturnedbefore anthesis, not bent below limb; narrowly linear,0 7 mm.wide^atbase. tap€ring, qqit_e glabrous on both sides;limb very narrowly tusrlorm, keeted,l-2-nerved each sid_eof keel, apex obtuseand straight or itighUy in_ curved,glabrous or with a few short hairs at apei. Anthers5 mm loig on filai.renisof I mm. prominentlyapiculate. Hypogynousscales linear-oblong, obtus-e. 2.5 mm lons^ Pistil 35 43.mm long..straighrat first. somewbatbowed after inthesis. robusr. sparsi"ly hirsute in lowest third, glabrous above; tetragonalat apex; pollen-piesenter4:5 m; Iong.linear-terere. obluse.inely F cosrate,slighrlt swollen at base:srigmatic groove prorn_ 3 lnent. obUque:ovary pubescenIat _apex.olher\ ise glabrous. Infructescence- ovoid; periantbs.persistent "n-r's. or..decid ^sryles . persistent. becoming rigid. Fo irles up to 70, In pranltew broadtye rpflc.ti 20 mm long.5_10mm high.8_12mm wide;valves ob- llquetyse_mFe tptrc. ohset to styla-rside. moderately thick. con\ex,smoolb to slishtlv rugose..densely tomentose-hirsute _becoming glabrous uhere erposedlridge obiuse; 1 suturefine. someuhar impressed_l follicles opening usually with 6re.lo r5 mm]the valves ( spnrrrom srylarpolnt teavlnga beak:ltps _L I mm wide,e\eD. Seednarrowly obovate, i '?u11I '029€I 3q plnoqs ,, rt\ov :osl 'qroH .,erun'tqqsh' 'uolpl"reC :I,.{g :(uesoqcereq) olso'L,'LEgZ'on slr.Iot\l uaqlY l1l,11P!' Sl r",ir] pirnluri,rlrru [7 rnoqe'ul?ld pu"S (crs)r:urna :Vl'lV{JsIlV 15E1v1,,:uotltt1tc adtl '(tt6l ulllol r lio) I8Z:Z/ log -( (y99 e;n8tg) ro{eq C g !^qqs€ El$Iu8{'Z€ ( :l '( 'uoopul V id elE I) II"l u.t t -t '{eg 'llqBH ,:iqe{ saD1ap g g ( V,U IreIlS Jo S) IIE} !u I T 19trL!sDD1sl1log V 99 $nBrJ u ,{1

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Cd),ledons (Fig. 8.28) obovate with upper mar.gin oblique, spreading 1o recurved, i stYl: mrn long, 4 6 mrn rvide, fairtly reticulate,dull pale green; auriclesslightly spreading, tos obtuseor acute,1-2 mm long. Il):pocotll l l cm long, slender,I.S mnr-wlae,gtatroLri, styll green. Secrl/rn.g/ern,cs first 2 opposite, 2 3 mln above cotyledons, lilear, acute, 16 l? Dist mm long,-3 4 mm wide: marginsflat, 2-serrateeach side,tlie teeth I 2 mm long, acute; Sou upper surfaceand midr.ibbelow hirsute; lanina woolly belo\\,;next 2leaves sub_opposite, the narrorvly obovate, 25 30 mm long, 7 11 nrm wide, with 3 5 teeth per. side r.rpto 4 mn] in tl long; l.righer leavesscattercd, narrorvly obovate to broadly linear, acute, up to l0 cm Seler long, 26 nrm wide, deeply lobed, the lobes obliquely triangLrlar,to 9 mnr long, margins Quo gently signoid, the distil margin often rvjth (PEI a small secoirdarynucronate loOe; indu_ (MI mertLlm as in first 2lcaves,thc upper surfaceoften becorning_ glabrous;lamina tapering Top to base but sessile. Seer//hg ^rler?hirsuta and tomentosc. HaL Mqture plant a shrub or small tree to 8 ln without lignotuber,uslrally erect and bushy nor but in coastal habitats low and spreading. Bqrk 0.5 n]m thick, -,1_smooth, grey. red Brqnchlets tomcntose witlr c.rlcd pale brown hairs and shortly hirsute with sprea--ding Flo hairs, the former persistcnt for I 2 years; prophylls on lorver part of branchlJt teretel upt'rned, 3-4 mm long, obtuse, closely tomcntose with cr.rrledhairs. Leayesbroadlv sol li[e.r, undulate, obtr.]seto acute,nllrcronate but'rucro often deciduous.l0 i0 cm lonc. 24 cm spe wide,_serrate ihroughout except 1-5 a'' at base; lobes triangrLiar*ith concav'e margins,,mostly5 15 mm pungently IAnl long, acute,the apicesnot usually upturned; sinuses hat U-shaped or broadly V-shaped,up to 2.7 cn wide; iometirnesa secondarylobe un to the 3 mm long on distil margin of pr.imarylobe; marginsflat; latcral ner\e s at I i0. to rnidrib but thosc to each lobe con'erging to its apex, finely reticulatebetween, scarcely evident on pper surface: both surfaces shr at lirst densely tomentose rvith pale ferruginous curled prc hairs, the midrib also rvith clense, straight hairs all over on r-rpperiurface anil o'margins Tht only on lower, both sufaces becomingglabrous except lacunac of lower surface. petiole sce tonentose +..terete, _ and shortly hirsute at iirst, later closely tomentose. Inflctrascence rair cylindrical, tcrminating reccrt branchlet, not subteniled by later.al branchlets at flower- ing, + conspicuous,6-8 cm rvide; a_rrs6 J5 cm long,8-9 n.rmwide, 17_20mm wide with comnron bracts, bearilg flowers throughout excepi for 5-15 mm at base. Inyolucral fair bracls terele, scarcely thickened at base, 5 16 mm long, uncinate towards axis, closely of tornentose, pale brown, mostly dcciduons beforc anthcsis. Common brqcts oblons to W( narrotrly cLrneate,4 mrn Iong..denselyferruginous-hir sute; exsertedapex very obtuseivith an( a.:nlall upfltrncdlrllcro. \vhirc-tomenlose\.\ith short crtrledha.i,. noil'6righ;;r*;g:, brarrs rerv Ra simiier. bur.e\5erredape\ thickcr. rnore conicrl. plle bro"n. lio,,ol ral throrlghout.rncluding sl)les... Pttiontlt26 J4 mlt lorrgirrclrrding limb of 4_-ornnr, ] fec \rri gnr O l.\ome\^ncl aScend lg. and Itntbltpturned jrrst befo|e anthe:i5;clau5 0.5 mrtr da \\lde.JtlS[ abO\ebracl.. ntflouiltg tO 0.3 rnntat br:e of lirtrb.gllbrou. Out.idCat base sol graorng lo anprcssedpubescenl rb_o\e- glabrous in.ide: linrb narrorrlyfrrsifornr. obtusc, appressed-tomento se. Anthers 2.5_mnr long, obtuseiy rpicLLlrte;filiment + b.S i"ni t21g U sca/,s broadl5 , V"^S.y.i1s oblong..| ..i nr m tong.irregu t.rrty IoUed ar apc*. srionliy conenng. f,rJr// lb--42 mtn Jong. + straight to gently sigmoid, exserted5 g nm above penanrn atler-itnthebrs, glabrous, just T1 ,quadrangular below poilen_presenter;pollen_ 5,J rlm long. rerere...lhickcrrlian .rlle. ,lighrll iuollen ur tn... oUiri., op \llghtlylf::elte,.,? rrbbed:.strgrn!r(lcgroo\e.liBhlly l:{eLalal !i.pe\:o\ar) gla.6rous.lu-[rul,.tcsct nce 12 stout,4 6 periantr.rs cm diam.; old f,nd st)resbec_onririg stirTand fersistent totlor""leorr, C. eventually ofl Fol/icles ne _weiuing r_urnerous__ellipticlo llnosi sphericalin piu"'vi"-l .l' lorrg.,3S mm,high. Fe ! ll 5 ll nrrnrriJc:.ualrcs rr,,n.,er.eiy ellipric. .'rrlooit,; lpe\\olncuh?ldcpres.edbutrirhraisedobtu.cridge:slrtrrrc\er) fine:cioscly tortenlosc, Ni grel:folliclc' u-uall) openingrrirh fire.r.r 4 o nrir rcro.s, rrlies not recrrr\ed.shortl\ splrtonst)lar.rde lea\illp an obru.ebeak. Sc,,/oLro\a1c_cunecle.l5-20 mm long: : see6 dr bn!y./-q Inrntung. nirro$l) rriarrgrrhrrrirh upperedge obliqrre: ba\e obru.e;'laleral m a:ute lo"narro\\ty uirrge,l: irrncr lll:1lFrfls surfa..e corrcrre.smoorh ro 5lighllyrugose, CI DracK;ourer sufi.tcc wrth x corl\ex ridge towards stylar side, smooth or sligntly rugose, 2 grey-brown, the margins = recurved; rving 7-9 mm wide, upper half stightiy ;uive?-i; ar ,{lesool dJeA aoloq o?urlcBl ',\\olJq se^Jeu uo pu? o^oq€ elrs:tq '{1osoo1"unu?l :xod? o: 'pe,trncer rueu eprs qc?a poqol-I f,1esn1qopue fploqs ^lo^ {llue8 suISJeuI :epl{\ uJuI Z 'osnlqo 'e1?^oqo 'pop,i(oJc '3uol luru .{J,t\oJleuZ lsjg :suoPel,{loc e^oq? ,qel"IParuluI 0l-6 'snolq"l8 'lcu{l '8uol sato51 Su4paag {uld uJIx S.I luc I T:- 1it1ocrtdt11 Suol Iuul TE g.1 ;o1nce 'Sutpeerds solcun" : el€ln pun-el"lnuela l?tl,\\oluos uISlBuI Joddn :ueel8 Ilnp p. ;pe,t.reu-g'Surpuacs€ 'epl,lr '8uol 'ele^oqo ruLu t ruur 0l-6 (62 8 3ll) suopaltQo1 Kr 'puno.J 'lasN 'ot ueeq seq EtozI reupr"D Jo lcorls oN (Hluad "IEI ') 'ttNyJ 'CV) 'V ') 't961 'uofur.trd I L6OZI laaP.tDD ^oN tZ urof f, rJurC lrqq€U :u,(g g1Xg4 :otcelosl t,ueurcedS ed.'(1,, rulq .{q polloq€l pu" ...reu Joo.rd 'v 'u's 'sJ -prBg J "u?rueqlu38 l?rs{u?gJ'louprl?D .(g pe}?louu? (HJxad) 'laLIPloc'v ) 'OVei "nf 'oullle.,\\l?( :(uesoqce:eq) olce1 (5n611) )aup'!o,9'{orlliN :/6021 a)1. ,, 'sISoeJelS9 LOZI ',{oJlly'^ iuptog utqn16 odoJd 'or.r?nu€f-I.tquecec u|U osouor? uI runlnplddo 'Je8uot\l '.uot1D1!) edord 1e 1t8u41e runc?.1 p" nurlls,{\l€O p" ullsllv Jlslp uI q"H,, adlq '(t96I eA( .{lnftI) ls:/i lerlsnYl[ oos,{oUf '€€ rsupJ€D Bualu8qluaq als{uafl IUU J 'esr .lse,\\ qlllos eql 01 ru)I 00€ euros ese '{J?d rJJeql") ueql cBu?U eql lel€Ju ou slncco ,{\ou lq.crq1.l'plD uallD Ll?p IUII leuolleN 'uouy) -'g -luesird ,{Iesolc .,{re,lelqurosel (6g6y suorsserdur lm{ IlssoJ peJa^ocslp ,'(lluecer + 'Jo^e,roq'elull qEnoql sulos JoJ eBu€U ^pouue) eq] uI peJlncco e,\eq s0r9la0g IIEJurer oAu ',rol i1qu11e:un uoISeJ" uI sell l! ecuts perueldxe ,{ltsuessel sI uo^leul€J Jo lsee e8uut Jo 'te ,{p.rlrre) oql uo Jelll[Lo er{J (gt6t le uos{cua) DlltqdolP'lt)) nnaPlaw prB qll^ l.unislp 'uol8eJ oiotrds D4taqqlg 'llsserd stld.tDollarrrl 3a eql 01 puolxe oslE s}u€ld uJelsol[ olj 'll",Juler 'e8u€){ qlnos Jeqlo Jo Jeqlulru V Je]ut,t ^\ol " 8ur,\leaoJuolSer slq] ed?J er Jo ,{les s-eunp,lreg ? uo pu" edt3 1seL1quoN ol ?qqono luo{ seutp I"lsBoc uo uoruruoc ,{l.Il?J lo,t2, 'pJ?og) sl rI (096I ocur^ord l".ru?log lseiA qlnos eql Jo q ou puclxe 01 "l["r]snv cPI,! uralse16 e]?Jodruol ur smre8 er{l Jo solceds"(luo eql s? ,(quo,'tnelousr rt(qqsDotvluog -.r0,1d 'elq"rTaJun sI Il€JuI?l a)ua 'lqnAeJ.II eql e?u?l slr qcrlu Je^o csll"ceq ,{lqeqoJd l?Ll^\oruossI Suue,'\\oJC luets elop Jo 'selcads 'sJe^\ou ..oteluog,, 1ea,usu ecnpo:d Jer{lo ,{rle u"ql e8uero relq8t.rq € Jo eqJ sur3. 'elq"ue^ osl" sI pul? sre,\\ou 'sa^?ol ezIS l?llq€q eq} lcoJe u" llq"qolo lll{ Jo lels€oc Jo 'qnlqs polJl 'qn.lqs ',\\ol € sI uol.r?ull?J rltlou alrg,{\ 'eer} ? seluqeulos Surp"eJds lI Jo Il?lus luep qlnos uI olq"I.r"^ reqltr st satcadseq1 liere-ue filensn sr tr .'("g ]r?qs Jo lrq?q qIJPI 'spees Je,\\oJ.rBueql pu? selcllloJ Jepl{\ oql ol '{l"g 'lJqtq dl 'sro,rou Jelq8uq 'Je?tloleq}'so^eo[ poqol dldeepo:our'Je8]?l eq1 qloouls eqf 'JeuplcD 'J SOSNI Je8r"l sql ur serceds]"q1 rrlo:U steJlp I lol€g ol u^\ou)un selceds3 ,lrl e,{ecr -tuoqiuaj g ol ielnc4rtd ur pie sri,{isoi.r,f3erll Jo sat€ds o1 pelle ,'(1eso1ce.toul st setc:ds '3uo1 's5,r.ee1 qcnlu oo1 peceld os eq1- paqol-Jeln?u"u:l 3uo1 pue sle'tog e8u?lo eql uo lq8le,t ,{lpeo Surop uI tnq rousslol trarr.olrr{ B ot petelar eq ol ltrqLlsP€r ps.replsuot(tg6l) relPg 'eloJa 'suos€rs 'Jelul,\\ 'pot.tad Il? le pepJoJe.ru33q e^er[ sle,\\ou lnq fueqJ 8tuta,no1{ SutpE 'seunppu€s peJ ',{erB uo a?u€){ ,4pauue) eq] pur eSueg ed"J eql uo :saunp l?lseot uo uo^r"u.l?J Jo qlJou ,{rlsnq 'sounp '|DllqDH :puelqnrqs uedo Jo pu"lqlugs II€:l ut ,{\ol pu" sui?ld uo pues peJ drap uI '(tIJUEd) u-saqunloN 'IL6t tel\ 'uo,uELu€J 'e8ued.{peuuo).Jo doJ, '.{\o.rooJ:X /'l Jo E 'e,{\ellnl?1{ SuHoc :(HJ{aO u s.1r,?.rr, t/ J'0t6t qeC (BNVC)lrtds r'J r'"l'ZS6lldos 0Z JoS:flAtr/{) -npul gogguosllf rdos rtoslqclnt{ (tlr) 9t) sollluI€',{^\H lt}stoJ-lAN:(HlXgd) V'996I'196j 9'e8pu{'etnsulucd U Jo N 'lI '6261,(tnf '€qqon6 sur8rr liiZ .nupnj'V ;r lny /z uorad:(HIUgd) 899,tll.gos Y 8Z 'esnoqlq8rl '0961 tll.roN saoll)aor pat)aps 1rro4 :ee51:(HL1fl 66ZZa8roag S V .aC It'oduJ lsol^ ruc 0J 'uo^JEuJ") l:eJ J8u"u {pJuu3) eql ul LUrU Jo 'elrsodt " osl€ :P,{\olll1r{ ol :lsol|Il? pu"FI Sutpuolxe e8ueJ qI pul uloqllos 3ql Jeltno launfslp Jo 'lse,\\ Jpeu ',ro.rooJ ol ulloru€H !uo{ pue ?qqono o} ed"J lse,l^ quoN olo{ qlnos :elnc€ lood 'uounql.!1s!Q reddn er11ur pu? 1s"oc lso,{\ l"Jlue) oql reeu :Br[€Jlsny u.relse'11(19 3rl) 'snolqLt-9t '{"eq esntqo ' oqs " 8ul^ml opISlel,4ls 'epl,\\ '3uo1 'eulllno 'Surper uo trTds.{llJotlss8uh\ :esnlqo os"g ujru IT 6 ruu OZ-iI uI poesol 'u,rorq 'dpoq lf.]lwrs tolotodag Il"p poos e^oqe peqclou ,,(llJoqssI qcrg,{\ epIS l"ldls 'oiroo5 r7lsluDrr S V I86r(r) NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981 woolly; next 2 4leavesnarrorvly obovate-cuneate, 15-25 mm lo[g, 5 10 mm wide, acutely al dentate each side with 1-3 triangular lobes l-2 mm long; indumentum as in first leaves th€ to 7 cm long,25 mm wide, margins flat, acutely dentate, the teeth to 5 mm long. Seedllng Jle,a?densely tonentose and hirsLrte. al plant Maturc a shrub to 4 m tall without lignotuber, much-branched and bushy. sitl Trunk sto,,tt at base. B$k roughly grey. flaking, Branclrlets terete, slightly striate, at etq first + 3 mm wide, closely and densely tomentose with curled hairs, ferruginous, be- Th coming grey; indumentum wearing off after 2 3 years; bractsnear basesubulate, closely wh tomentose,5-12 mm long; most axils producing short lateral leafy branchletsin second an' yeat. Leavesscattered, linear, acute,mucronate, mostly 10-25 cm long, 5 10 mm wide; ln margins flat, shortly serrate for l/2 to 3/4 of length (sometimes entire), the teeth obtuse to acute, often upturned, rigid, 1-2 mm long; sinuses broadly and shallowly U-shaped, 34. mostly 5-20 mm wide; upper surface densely pubescent with short curled hairs, more densely along midrib, becoming glabrous; lorver surface with midrib and lateral nerves tornentose, the hairs longer on each side of midrib, becoming glabrous; lacunae very Ty. small, white-woolly; lateral nerves fine, reticulate between; lamina tapering, the petiole m. 5-15 mm long, closely pubescent. Inflorescanceon short, lateral leafy branchlet from PF older stem,cylindrical-ovoid, 6 cm wide irt anthesis. ,!.rrs 5 l0 cm long, 9-10 mm wide, isr 18-19 mm wide rvith common bracts, bearing flowers througbout. I .rolucrul bructs numerous,subulate on thick bases,5 10 mm long, tomentoseto shortly birsute,the outer grcy, ones inner ferruginous, persistent until anthesis. Common bracts lincar, 4. 5 5 mm acr long, densely hirsute; exsertedapex shortly conical, tomentose and often pcnicillate, co pale ferruginous with brown extreme apex. Floral brdcls narrower, shorter, with small mi golden apex. Fkners orange to orange-brown throughout. Periqnth 20-24 mm long, in- up cluding limb of 4 5 mm, straight with limb gcntly upturned before anthesis; clarvs f be 0 5 mnl wide above base, pubescent outside wjth the hairs becoming longer and denser ob towards limb, loosely hirsute inside along margin; limb narrowly fusiform but widest fir above middle, obtuse, keeled, l-nerved on cach side, sparsely appressed-hirsutewith the nerves and keel often 1 glabrous. A thet + 2 mm long on filaments of I mn, shortly apiculate. Hypogynousscales linear, acute or obtuse, 1.5 2.5 mm long. Pistil 23 26 gr( mm long, gently curved down then outwards,glabrous; pollen-presenter1 5 mm long, an narrowly fusiform, obtuse,finely costate;stigmatic groove oblique; ovary hirsutein upper ye half, especially on lower side, otherwise glabrons. lnfructescenceovoid, 5 6 cm diim.; sci olcl perianths and styles persistent, at length wearing away leaving follicles shortly ex- of posed. Folliclesup to about 130, in plan view narrowly elliptic, 10-15 mm long, 3 5 r/ n:n high, 3 5 mm rvide; valves semi-elliptic,slightly expandedon stylar side, shallowly co convex,smooth, tomentoseto shortly hirsute,thc hairs wearing off cxposedparts; ridge an obtuse;sulLrre vcry fine; folliclesusually opening with fire, to l3 mm across,valves gently rit recurved, split from stylar point leaving a beak; Iips 0 5 mln rvide, even. Seed,sobovate in 17 19 mm long; seedbody f cuneate,7-8 mm long, 4-5 mrr wide, acute at base,thc to upper margin convex, somewhat oblique; lateral margins + straight, very narrowly st( bordered;inner faceconvex, smooth or with very slightshort ridges,black, slightlyglisten- 14 ing; outer face convex,acutely rugose, brown, somewhatshining; rving 10-12 mrr wide, curvedto stylar sidewhere split leavilg a small obtusesecondary lobc. Separalorsimilar hi to seedin shapeand size,concave and thin againstseed body, thickencd above with a na slightly overhanging ridge, a broad beak to stylar point; wings recurved. Distribution. (Fig. 54) SoLrthWest WesternAustralia: betweenMullewa and Kulia. IN lir Selectedrcllections. Pindar, 20 Dcc. 1962,F. L llitz 1999(PERTH); l6 km SSEof Mullewa,4 June1977, fil B. G.Muir 348(.3. 17, (PERTH); Buntine, 23 Dcc. I959, M. C.c.,r4'c s.n. (PERTH); 2 miles(3 km) ENE olKulja, 13Nov. 1971,..1. S. Georgel1l'77 (BRI, CANB, K, NSW,PERTH). sir si( Hqbitat. In brownish-ycllowsandy loarn or clay-loam,somctin-tes over laterite,on plains in tall shrublandof Aca,iq tnd Casuarinq. ta period. Flou'ering Late November to January. slt Bqnksie be thaniqnn is related on the one band to B. qshbyi and on the otber to B. CC elderana and B. lullJitzii. lts distinguishingcharactersitics aie the bushy, non-ligno- .fr tuberous habit, rough bark, linear leaves 10-25 cm long with short teeth, cylindrical- a\, ovoid inflorescences,dull orange flowers and pubescent perianths. Although found over hi 'cqdlTle-Irues 'q8rq rz1f,1suo pepuzdxe ,tltq8qs ro pe^r[c flu€^o se^l?^ :)crql uru 9 7 JeA '3uo1 'clldllle 'tueuruord '0t 'Azt*e ruiu q-9 ruru tl-8 ,\\al^ u?ld uI tou ot dn sapllog -[1]1 '}uolslsJed 'JlErus Surree,r ,{genpe.r8 sel,(1spue sqluelled plo : ru"rp luJ 9 t aruatsattnt{ -ou 'xodE -r|1 snorqzlS osr,rreqlo l" elnstlq-8uol .,{.I?^o:anbllqo e^ool8 cltr"ru8lls :olelsoc '8uol 'e}elal-le3ulJ 'lepuels ,{1tq31sro qloorus 'esnlqo ruru :alueserd-ue1od :snoJq?I3 '8uol I 'esnlqo '8uuod€] 'rin- ri6qr u,nop [1lue3 peunc rclu 3uo1 tuut s.l €z 6I 1tsld'ut[u lnq r€oull salocssnoutSodtl! ol?lncld" ,{Iltoqs 9.0Jo sltloru"lguo Suol ruul 9.I 'Jel.JEp sulr staquY pue re8uol 3cuecselogul uI sla,\\ou: lsouleddn Jo u.lnlueunpul :epls 'ellraB -1no elnsrq -'(losuep lsoujl" reddn ut lsept,tr lnq u]oJlslu dl,\\oJl?u qIlIIT :epls :lErl 'es"q gNl -ur snorqzlS 'sll"q ,{^e,\\ ro pellnc qlr,\\ epts}r]o luocsoqnd :}" ep!,{\ ruru 9.0'uuoJllg ,LL( 'pe^lnc 'ruu[ s,uElc:srssqlu" e.roJaqpournldn qrull eql f11ue3lo lq8rzrls + t S € Jo qrutl Ssrpnlcur Srrol rutrl qtuDqad snout8n.I]eJ,{ll"nsn oauocsoJouul xede :}" esoql tZ OZ 'xede Jo 'sel,(ls Surpnlour o8ue:o ueplo8 ,{1}souts;a,tto7g pouasxe uu lnoqll^\ lnoqSlo.rq] 'ellrcB 'lq8l?Jls 'l€Jluoc 'Jelrcrls spucl ol?lllclued pu" esolucruol flesuep ,{l^\oJ.r"u "q lo.tog 'JeeLuI xedu pegesxe :etnsJrrl'Auol ruLu sQptq uoulutoJ u$oJg a;ed'alnsrrq r€ll S.t'sesEq t 'snoleulnu 'opl ^lesool puE esoluouol 'Auol ruul uo eltlnqns -F spDrq pn 8 Z {clq} 'slc"tq lo,1. -uo: -aI 'es"q rulu ,\\eJ" .roJldecxe sre,nog 8ut:eeq uoruluoa qtl^\ epr,t ruru 9I tI lB 'l?JtJpullfc-plo^o 'tuels 'opr,r ru[u 'BuoI uc ,!?rF stseqlu? 1? ru?Ip luc fl^\ f9 A-e 'lJoqs 'JxeJea. S S eql Jeplo [uo{ leFlcu"rq l?]el"l ,{JEelJo ssoul?ol uo u sa.totl[Ltl esolueluol '8uol ruru u"ql ss3lelotled eql'os?q 01 Su].ledeleullu?l :p3sIU lou qIlPIu :e"unc€l uI eler 0I 'snoJq?13 ,{lyoo,tr,'(1eug 'snoJqelS SurLuocoqesoluauo} Eutor?l uo lul.IlnclleJ SuruIocoq qrJ ,{ltu -plru uo ,rolaq osoluetuol pu? elnsJttl ^losuep 'snotq",l? aulruoJeq e^oq" ssoluaulol pu? e3p 'pod?qs-A 'pedeqs-6 ^l^\ elnsrrq €urrueJ :epr,{ ulru 0T-Z dleret ,{1,to11nqssesnuls :e^?cuoc '3uo1 'e:lnc€ 'enb11qo 't/Z-|/I sur8reur urur € I ^ltuatund uogo'r?lngu?ut y]€et er]o Joddnur,{luo sorurleruos'es?q (]1lsotlI" et€luopol el?JJes'13Usu6l"ru:elBlnpun uouo 'o^"cuoc 'opr,r 'alsuoJcnul 'olEcunl] 'elseunc 'polell?cs :ur + rulu 0Z-8'3uo1wc 7-7 dl,{ou?u 'J"euIT 'slee.( Jad( ,ra.lra7 osolueuol '3uo1 ruur 'etnon ,{l,\\oJ.t€ues?q }" sll,{gdoJd :,{eJ8 L-V 'snoulSnJloJ 'alnsJlrl '3u< J]IJE sno.rqelS ueql esolueutol ,{lesolc Sultuoc€q -,{lesoolpu? V Z '.tt1n8ue esoluaruol ,{lesuep'1s.rglE lulu g-9.1 -,{pqflls Jo e1erc1ualqtuo.tg feta 9Z- 'peqcur.rq )clql 'Joqnlou8ll flt' 'pornssg ,{Fedo JeqlrJ qllt Iu I o} qn.lqs E lLlold a.mloI{ ryrrB, eql 'elnsJrq pu" esolueruol tua$ Swlpaas elnslq ,{lesuep ,lroleq qIJpIu lnq sa^"el trsJU 'el"uoJcntu 1s3p ur s? ulnluetulrpul :8uol ruru t 01 dn qlee] qll,\\ olllluop dlolnc€ lnq esqqo JESU 'epr,r '3uo1 'ele^oqo ruc 6 ruc S 01 dn s3^€31laqSq :es"q ol Suued"l Bulru?l :uao,\\]3q :Fr ,{11oo,r.,(1esoo1 'se,\Jeu uo olnstq ec"JtnsJ3^\ol'sJl"q ellq,\\ qll\\ e1ns.rrL1erq:ns::ddn -ur' 'pe^lnaol :8uol ruul 'olnc" 'J"ln8uenl qteel eql'oleluep-I Jo elllue fllq8lts solSJ?ru Z '3uo1 'osnlqo 'el"eunc-e1€,\oqo IIEU :eplr LuuI g g u]ru f[,{\oJ]€u Z lslg :suopol,{loc .elsl 8l €t 'snoJq"l8 'Jopuols 'Auol 'e]nc? e^oq? pep,\\oJcsdfial Sulpaas pei + ruul g . l[luodtH 'alelncl:Ial I 'epl'\\ ultu 'Surpuecsepselcun" :e:lBlnueJcdllrl8lls ur8l€ul loddn :ueel8 runlpeul ,{PuI?J '3u 'pe,trnce.r 'e1e,toqo-retnctqJo Jeln ruur g-9 o1ruru g 1-9 ol Sutpee.tds (0€ 8 8rC) .!uopal[rc) sl)p 'ep! eqtrpue '926I requecoc uo percelroc,"^ "u;?SfJrrXlrottt fu ol HJI{gd }" od,{rosr L '.reuPr"9 li;*t: 'ILEZS.lahl ') 'SNVJ :osr:HIUgd :oloH (926I cec uloccc ttl AIOIl 'eIpJEBlooC,, 'llslC V J) 'JoU 'rluoJ8 edord srl.rcdtsIpLI" srsouf,l€uI uI q€H,, :aolJDlDadtl ,{Je^ '(8261 }.O tZ) €9:tT l€rtsnvtA 3oS.{o! f se,\J 't€ oJotl reuprB9 J xBpn€ €ls{uBg 'pad 'slcedsor eSnll 11eur :epl, loll?rus sr puB raqnlouS{ " sBq7nq DuDlulurlluaq o} pel"lel osIEst xDpnDDlslur8' srllu? €r'secuecseJouul puoi -r]ed esoluarljol 'a8Jel pu" sro,\\ou u,\\oJq-o8o?]o lce]e s?rl Je11"[eql elFI,\\ 'secue3serogul ,{les( 'i1ru11qturr:ed snorqzlS e pue sle,\\og n ollof luepued s€q JeuJoJ eqJ -oq 'se^€al '8uol 'sroqnlouSIl al?tuep ,{lqsr?q fre^ pu€ {r?q q8nor e^eq rlz!!/trcg pult Duo.tapp 'g 'selclltoJ 'secuecsoJouul 'ro8uol qlog :oyltrus ,{11ensnpu" l€ulu.r31 ttt s]o,^dou, )lln '.'tqsr 'se^€el ')l€q ,(lesoyce8uero lq8uq pcqol-11?ln8u"I.ttJo8uol qloolus q:lr,\\ lu€ld lc8Jul ? ()1 ltll?nsn sr'DaDlluDqwaqJo lse,r q ou pri" lso,{\ eql sJllcJo q1tq\\'!.(qqso DtsIuDg 3r!lp 'ruro;un ,{1lect8olor1drorust 11 salu"col,\\€J €,{luo uI uoulluoa oq ol u^\ouI sI solcedseql Se^"1 'sacui,lor4 lecruelog u€etua.lq pu? lseld qlnos 391 Jo ,{l"pu[oq oql ]?ou ?oI" e3l?l ? ,(1e1r

69[ DlrTlr€.'e8roe9 S V I86I 360 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981 A.S

side, convex, smooth, densely hirsute and tomentose, the indumentum gradually wearing on away; ridge obtuse; suture inconspicuous:follicles opening usually with fire, to 14 mm across; valves split from stylar poirt leaving a beak; lips l- I mm rvide, even. Seeds leaf obovate, I8-22 mm long; seed body clrneate-obovate,acute at base, 10-12 mm long, 8-l 6 8 mm wide; lateral margins slightly convex,narror,vly bordered; upper margin convex, mnl thickened; inner face , flat, smooth or slightly wrinkled, black, glistening; outer face bra, convex,smoothly tugose,brown with somegold rnarkings,shining; wing 9 12 mm wide, outl curved to stylar side where split leaving small obtuse secondary lobe. Se2aralor similar 5m to seedin shape and size, flat and thin againsl nucellus, thickened above, somewhat over- brat hanging, with a short beak to stylar point; rvings recurved. grel liml (Fig. West Western Austrirlia: central south, bettveen Southern Distribution. 54) SoLrth liml the Lakes and BLrllabulling. Cross,Pingaring, Johnston basr Selectedcollectiotls. Bronti, 242 miles (+ 390km) E of Pefih,5 Aug. 1952,R. Mel',ille& C. A. Gatdnel mar (t (PERTH); s.n.(K, MEL); 42 miles 65 kn,)E ol Hyden,14 Oct.1963, K. Newbey1141 E of Kulin, den I0 May 1979,K. Itral[acesst. (PERTL{); - 130km SE of SouthernCross, 14 Malch ]978,A. S. Gcarye s.n.0ERTH). l.5 alm Habitat. ht yellow sandy loam sometimes with gravel, in oper heath. glat Flowering period. November to January. verl Bonksia auclox is easily recognised among the C),rtostylis by its small habit, leaves, glat flowers and frllit. The speciesis consistent, variation appearing mainly in the size of Folt the lcaves. Although fairly comtrlon over ntuch of its range it is relatively inconspicuous lonl and, flowering in early summer, is not often collected in flower. It is related lo B. betl- pafl thauiana (q.v.) and B. laetigata, the latter being a larger shrub without lignotuber, Ionger leaves,spherical inflorescenceslvith closely packed, fine flowers that arc ycllow and brown 15 or creamy-gley. 0.5 obo for its "boldness" in grorving so far inland, the species Although namcd by Gardner late B, elderana over most of its range, irnd the latter specieshas outlying is synpatric wilh wrir populations farther east o11the descrt margin. 6-ll obtr 35. Banksia laevigata Meissner and In DC.-Prodr. 14:458 aoct. 1856) Published as a nomennudLrm in Hook.J. Bot. & Kew Gard. pon Misc.4:210 (1852) Sim ellerulaerigata (Meissner) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2:582 (1891). "In Tlpe citation: colonia SrvanRiver (Drunm. coll. 5, n. 414!)." Lecto (herechosen): line NY; iso: B, BM, FI, G, K (3 sheets),MEL, NSW, P. corT Cotyledons cul'reate-obovate,spreading, 7 l0 rlm long, 5-6 mm lvide, f nerveless, not( medium green; uppcr margin slightly crenulate,sometjrrres reddish; auriclcsdescending, vtz. obtuse, 1 5 rrm long. H!-pocot!-l1-1.5 cm long, slender,I nrm dianr.,glabrous. Seed- flov ling leat'es:first 2 immediatelyabove cotyledons, narrowly cuneate,obtuse, l3-l7mm long, stril 3-5 nm wide, 1-lobed on each side near apex, the lobes triangular, obtuse to acute, 1 5 som mnr long; margins slightly recurved; lamina hirsute above; hirsute o[ nerves below and looselyrvoolly in lacunae;reticulum openi next 2 leavcsclose above Iirst, similar to them 35A but up to 20 rnm long, sometimesthe margins 2-lobed; higher leavesmore scattered, cuneateto narrowly obovate,2 5 cm long, 7 18 mm wide, obtusebut shortly mucronate; margins almost flat, acutely serrate for 1/2 -3/4 of length, the teeth up to 3 5 mn long; Dis, indumentum as in first leaves,but reticulun on lowcr surface becomirg finer with derser Rar, wool. Seedlingster? long-hirsute and tonentose. Seler (Nst Matwe llant a shrub to 3 5 m without lignotuber,usually rather openly branchcd Rav( and erect, sometimes btshy, Trunk to 10 cm diam. Barlr roughly flaked, grcy. Branch- Hat kl,! terete,somewhat striale, at first 3 mm diam.,densely tomentose to hirsute,ferruginous, in tr the indumentum turnilg gr'ey, wearing off after 2 3 years, prophylls at base subulate, Flot 8 18 n.rm long, hirsute-plumose; short lateral leafy brancblets oftel developing. Zeares scattered,narrowly cuneateto broadly linear, acute or truncate, mucronate,5-14 mm 1ong,4-20 mm wide; marginsflat to slighlly recurved,serrate sonretimes to base,some- tho! times only in upper 1/2, sometimesalmost entire; teeth obtuseto mucronate, I 3 mm brar long; sinusesobliquely U- or Y- shaped,mostly 3-10 mm wide; lamina hirsuteabove and 20. 'slelqcu"rq 3uo1 tuc EI-g .{ltsour se,rrey 3uno.'( elns:rq e^eq Jo}l€l eq1 3uo1 LLrw,Z-OZ pu '3uol 'stralqcu€rq sqlueued pue uru g . 1 o1 dn qleel esntqo qtr.{ Suol ulc I I-9 .{ltsoru so^"el rut 'oAuE){ -al 3uno.( elnsrrq ,{luoqs ot osolueruol oi?rl .reur.roJoql edJoq}suo^"U eql Jo asoql pue suo4elndod Jelrd pl?rc8zlrC erJl uee,rloq uoD?rJ?I euros s,roqs,qeutl sq1, tut 'JoqurJJaOol JJqolJO 'pouad8u!ta\olJ Sal 'pu?lpoo,t-uodo ,{\ol pu? pu€lqrlrqs Il?l uI 'sr 'sfi:,teleerq 'olrlo8uods) 'iD|lqDH Jo dot uo pu? sflrq uo ,{llensn (etr]olEl Ios ,{1cor aI -a: 'pBor 'oiuEu (HlUAd) t€9f aS.toaDS V'0961 IrO tl eJuBredsguo sseclJo S edroqlsue^ed pa : (HJ,uEd) qt69z ultdv g '€961 '(odrortlsue^€u puousec :(Hrusil ',^AsN) H J r)rox 1ro ,z Jo Es) lN E9S0Ia8roa) S'V'0161 ce(l 8t seot e^oqer0ll€^ U pFlo8zlrJJo eplaA suoltrao) patralts 'oAu€d edroqlsuel"U les 'uoltnqllJslO eql pue relr1 plere8zlrg re.{\ol :?rlurtsny u.ro:}so/16lselA qtnos Q.9 EtC) 'qrurl Srrrpnlcur elrsJ\t4Lliuoryad Lunluorlrnpur^el8 qlr,r\ ,rolle,{ uoruel elzd s.tatolg sIEBI^asldsqns reussrel l E}ES!^aBI'{'VSt tue pu' 'lounfsrp,{ll€crrld€.r3oe3 or" pu" spouad Suue,rou lueJeIJrpl?q,re(uos '3us.l el"rl osle -{er{J Jnoloc re,rog eql pu" qturl rllu€rJed eql un}uarunpur eql uL{lSuIIIJts Jo -pa JeJrp qcrrl,r sercedsqnso,\\1 er" eleql tcaJe e{lljl"q z ecnpord DiDSlpDl slet.l'ol1 leug 'sLto8)pJo 'g 'z^ '3n pelced ,{1eso1c oqJ pe8ue:rr ,{luedo ere sre,lrog eq} leqt ur pu? tss: 'rolccr€qc srqt s?q sorcids Joqlo cuo f,Iuo DtslLtD{ uorlces erll 8uoru" JoJ 'dqlJo,\\olou sr ecuecseJou:urIecueqds erlf selcllloJ Il"us pe{c"d .{FqBr} stl pu" sla"rq rloruulot paundBslr 'ecuecsarouur s1r 's3^eol el?luap ,{l oqs 'el?ounJ [1,uo eu o1 reeurl 'l1qzq 'sno:eqnlouBrluoulecrreqds flp?oJq slr tcele slr ,{q pesruSocer[[s12a sr oiDBteol ptpluDg 'ulql roql€r'p.tql roddn uI po^JnceJs8ut,t !]utod 'e^oq" '-,(poq r€l.{ts ot IEoq osntqo )rrqt e qtr.r p€ue{crqt peas tsuret" uqt req}"r pu€ possoJdurr'ozrsprrl,l od?qs ur poas ol tel]Idtrs.tolotodag u,{\oJq :eqol esnlqo 'peqclou l.rup 'epl{\l?Jelst lJogs 8ur^"el , ydeepeJerlt pu" eprs :e1,(1sol peiJnc gFq reddn ruuj 0I 9 8ur,r lu,rorq 'eso8nr ,{1es:eds'xe^uoc ocqJns .rotno :SuruotsllS dllq8lls '{c?lq 'peplulr,r 'xo,\uoc 'lqfr"rls 3ur. fllqSlts 01 oso8nj ojp,Jrns .rousl :pe8upu fl,\\or]"u + sulSftru l"ral?l 'anbrTqo'pouoIcql '8uol 'es?q 'ew^oqo SEI' u€r€ru Joddn erD'eplr urru unu l" e}l.la€ 'e]?^oqo' € 8 I 'epl\\ -el"euno + - poq pees :8uol IuuI 8I UI ,{1,to eu 7raa5 ue^e Ixru 9.0 'pe,unJoJ u,t{l sdrl:l"eq " SurAEellurod rz1,{trsruor; l1lds lpq,$oulosse,\l?A'ssoJcl? Iuru SI ol'erg qlltl Suruedo,411ensrr selorlloJ :eug f:e,t ernlns :popunol ol esnlqo ogplJ:su€d .reBr -aar pesodxo Su ee,tr s:req oql 'snollr^-asolueuol 'eso8nr dleug 01 qloous 'xe^uoc -dllueS 'oprs Jo 'cgd11e-rues 'q8rq '3uo1 sno Jel,(ls uo poSl€lua .{ltq8qs se,\l"A :eplr\ lurtl ruru 1-g 'crldrTle '00It-? ruur -'(1,\\orr"uo1 reeutl ,{lpeorq ,uer,l ueld uI lnoq" ol dn sap111og JOr 'luelsrsJad8I-0i 'l€cuerlds 'se,1 se1,(}spue sqlu?uod plo : ul?rp ruc 9 g atuacsalcntlul stotqzl? osr,rJoqlo'xodelnoqr ellsllq-8uol ,4re,r.olenb4qo e^oor8 crl"ru8qs :e]"lsoc ,{lauu IJo^ '8uol 'esnlqo 'peue{orql urru .,(pq311s.{1uoro lou retueserd-uellod:snorq?18 'dn t.L.0 'rapuals '3uo1 ueql u,r.op f,I1ue8pe.urrc ,fuo^ uru Zt 0t tllsld 3uo1 ruru 71sou1e 'esnlqo 'r"eurT -6no eu sa7,r.rssnoutrSodtll olrlncrd€ 'urlu sluour?lg uo luur 'xed? /.0 Jo'epnlno S. T -2. I sfiqtu| snotq?l? Dallllesnl l"^ ur lE tse8uol slreq eqt elnsJrq,{lesuep 'url11 DJDSltaDlJe^ ur'olnc? lsorule'elpplru e^oq" lsepr,ulnq rurogrsn;,{1,uolJeo qlull:sur8r?Lu 8uol" aprsurelnslq ,{lesreds'qulll spJe,{\otpap,{\ojc orou srr"q oqt'cprs}[o e][s.rlq'es€q e^oq€ epr,\\ rxllr 'uuoJrlu s^\elc :srsaqlu" e.roJaqpaurnldn qurll oql 'LUrug.t-t qtul t.0 ',rolla,{ '1"^)Jo uJel Surpnlcur Suol ulru 9Z OZ qtup!,tal el?d ol ru"aJc seldls :(aalnloJsnJ squrl ,ro[0,{ pu? s,re1c snour8nues \ftltl. Jo (D]o31taol w,r) gnoq8norql runluerunput qst,{o.l3 'pou,\\? 'reeutl qll,\\ ^\olle,( eled sta,rolg elnsJlq 1ou'3uo1 IuLu + ,41,torrtu s;tn.rg -JEA 'xod3 'rllLu t '3uo1 snour8nr.reJ ol olnsJrq / S su,re LLuoJrTgolur pecnpold ruur g l"Jrr 7r,ro7g'r"eull Jo 'snour8r.uloJ ',{ol3 'opll + spDrq uoulutoJ srs3qlu? SoDsrsred J3uur souo Jelro 'osolueuol '8uol lqun 'sessq 'snorerunu eql pue snollr^ ruru SI E lcrrll rlo el"Fqns sJrn;g er?J 'lnoqSnorll sJe,ro! 8urJ"eq'(su,r€ Surpnlcxe)slr"rq uoluruoc qll\\ ru€rp ruur 'xe^.r IDDnptLtI '8uol 'plo^o '3uo LLrEIpruul Lut ot plo^oqo s?rtl srseqtu?ls ru€Ip luc 'l€crJeqds,Z-OZ' 'letqcuB]qZI-0I t-Z 'rui}s 0l-8 ur€ru 01 ,{ll?uors?cco .roplo us uro{ lotrlju"Jq dJ?ol spaa, 'lJor{s l€urrrrJol 'turu I[[?nsn leJolel uo atuacsa.to{u1 0I S Jo eloDed o1 Surredel euruel !,(1oo,'l TUIU -ollq^\ 'll?rus ,ftel eruncel isnorgelS 8ulruoceq grJp[u uo f,lesuepe:oru',!\oleg se,ueu uo 3uu1

'eBJoaC ,.?Jrlrrg S V I86I 362 NuYtsiaVol. 3 (3)1981 A.i

with acuteteeth 1'5-2 5 mm long, and perianths25 26 mm long. In other respects abr they are uniform, however,and I do not considerthem worthy of formal infraspecific rib rank. The FitzgeraldRiver variant is representedby the type collection. to 358. B. laevigata subsp. fuscoluteaA. S. George 417 (22 W. Aust.Naturalist t0:32 Feb.1966). af "17 Type citation: miles E. of Hyden, A. S. George6053, Jal. 1, 1964" Holo: PERTH; tor iso: K, MEL, PERTH. cul F/ou,ers bright yellow with ferrr"rginousildumentum. P?rlarl, hirsute on claws; del lirnb glabrous. nal lnc Distribution. (Fig. 57) South West Western Australia: betweer Barker Lake, Hyden, cui Frank Hann National Park and Mt. Day. os( Selectedcoller:lions. SE of Southern Cross, 14 March 1978, A. S. Georges.n. (PERTH); Lake Cronin' iarly Dec. 1963, C. F. Daies s.n. (PERTH); Frank Hann National Park, 2 Aug. 1978, D. Monk 082 tPEilTH): 305mile oeg,Norseman-Hydcn road (- 160km E of Hvden) Dec. 1956,R..1. Dottot'alts.n. H1 {PFRTH)i Kunrarl-Lak;King Rd, 50 nliles(80 km) W of Klrmarl, 10 Oct. 1966,,RF16ol? 9344 (MEL). InI th€ Habitat. I\ yellow or light brown sand or sandy loam, sometimes with laterite, on plains col tall open-shrubland. in mc Flotlering period. Dcccnber to February. + The bright colours of the perianth, heightened by the lack of indumentum on the val limb, give thi subspeciesan inflorescencemuch more conspicuous than that of the subsp. tor laetigata. The differences and the subspeciesitself are consistent. In foliage subsp. acr luscolutea is like the variant of subsp. laevigqta from the Ravensthorpe Range. Although elsewhere in this paper I have used only the category rq et)' fot rnfua' soecific taxa, I have retained sttbspeciesfo r this taxon, as published i n I 963, partly for the sub-iectivereason that to change it to variety would result in an awkward allthor citation. It does, however, conform to a Nidely accepted concept of a subspeciesin being geo- graphically isolated from stbsp. laevigata.

36. Banksia lullfitzii C. Gardner W. Aust.Natulalist 10:68 (13 Julv 1966). "Hb. Type citqtion: in distr. Coolgardiepropc Koorarawalyee,in campisarenosis apertis, n. nr. feU. Mart., GardnerI6411, TYPUS; etiam haud procul SouthernCross in acacietis lutosis." Holo: PERTH, Gardner 16411. The sheetbears a typed Gardner label with "inter the locality Yellowdine et Boorabbin Mart. 1966". This locality is east of Southern Cross. Cotyledons(Fig. 8.31) obovate-cuneate,spreading, 13 mm Jong, 1l-12 mrn wide, 3-nerved to reticulate, medium green, L shining; auricles descending, 2 rlrm long, :l: obtrlse. H))pocotyl I cm 1ong, l 5 mm thick, glabrous, red. Seedling leat'es crowded above cotyiedons;lirst 2 narrouly obovate,acute or obtuse,22 23 mm long, 10-14 mm wide; maigins slightly recurved, divided on each side into 2-4 lriangular acute lobes 2-5 mm long; upper iurlace hirsute, lower surface hirsute on nerves, loosely woolly bet- ween; lamina tapering to base; higher Jcaresbecoming broadly linear, to 10 or more cm long, 17 mm wide, serrateto base,the teethmucronate; indumentum as in first leaves, but wo;l in lacunae of lower surface becoming more compact and the lacunae smaller' Seedling stem hfistrte. Mqture plant a shrub to l 5 1n tall with lignotuber, much-branched and somewhat sprawling. ,Bark exfoliating in flakes, grey on surface, brown beneath. Branchlets terete wiih slieht rjbs below leaf bases,at lirst 3-5 mm wide, densely tomentose, ferrugin- ous becoming closelytomentose and grey; glabrous after 2 3 years; prophylls only.at base of branchlet, linear-terete, 3-12 n.rm long, densely tomentose. Ieare.r linear, usually flexuose, acLrte,pungent, mostly 20 45 cm long, 8 18 mm wide; margins flat, divided for much of lengthinto obliquelytrialgular rigid pungcntlobes 2 7.mm long; sinuses.broadly U-shaped,I angularat lower corner,motsly I 2 cnt wide; latnina tomentoseand hirsute '( '( 'B '(l) V) ,rr3a1, B pue ) tlTltntttt ottnlot.ttl o1lls 'dsqns '( otoS!,taoldsqds ,tDtfirrl g '(a) oleluDg uortnqDl\rct nSrJ op8lGDl B L) l(Etsn lo 15 {lpt JOJ dler -uFl?d slalt1 lerl^ 'r0ll1 'seA1 cJou -]eq seqo IUIU pep^ 'epl^+'j

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'ol"^oqo 'epr,r 'dsq "rpaas rutu I sdrT:)€oq € 8ur^ce[ lurod Jrl,{1s ruo-rj ]rlds sa^l€^ :ssorc? n ruur ol 'eJq qll^\ Suruedo se1cqlo.;:auu ernlns :esnlqo -{JeAe8pu : elnsrrq-esolueuol 'dsqr 9I 'qloorus 'xe,\uoa 'eprs 'crldrTle-Irues ,{lesuep l"l,{:}s uo papu"dxe t"q,reulos flpeoJq so^[?^ eql ! 'q8H 'crtdJllo,$er^ 'u.pplq :apr,r ulr"u0I-8 ruur Zl-8'8uol urLUEZ-ql u€ld ur'0€ ot dn + sap! ol p]6lJ ?ulruoceq Jell"l egl'luetsrsJed seJ,{tspu€ sqlu?r.rodplo :lnols ,{lolereporu acuacsalcn4!,t1 gleq reddn ur esoluetuot ,{lesuep,4re,ro :enbrlqo eAooJAcrlcru8rls :el"lsoc ,{1eug'esngqo'3uo1 ultu g.Z'LuloJrsnJ,{l,tor.rzurelueserd-uellod :sno.rq€I8 eql sr]l?lc 'aAoqu t/€.redd[ sJr?qasreds oJoLu qlr^\,{r?Ao e^oqe }uoJseqnd-passe:ddr'pe,lrnc-,(11ue3'8uo1 ruu '('rlA '3uo1 '.luur3l?ulo '8uolqo |V-tt t!|s!d uru E.l Jo osnlqo .{1pro:q salDs snoutrSod|H 'el"lncrd"'ruur sluertl"Tguo Srrol ruru g.Z staqtav srr1]rlpoljnc qlr,r .{[oo^\ 280 11 'etnc" 9.0 Jo'crldrlle 'srr"q 'UILIOJ' -,(lesuep tsorule -'(I,\\oJr€uqrrlll : eprsursnoJq"lS pel.rncqtr,r oprslno oso -lualuol 'as?qo^oq? opr,\\ urul .0 ]opuclss,\\€lc :srsaqlu" eroJeq peulntdn qulll eql 'pa^Jnc 'uur 9 'uep,,( .{lluoB 01 lq8r?.Ils 9 9 qrull Surpnlcur Suol ruru 6l-lE LltuD!.lad se1,{1sSurpnlcur 'tnorlSnoJqt Jo 'Je,\\oJr€u u,rorq-e8u"Jo 01 e8ueJoueplo8 s.u,no7g xod" popunoJ II"us qll{\ ':elroqs ,{11q8r1ssnDrq p.tog u,norq eled 'e1e11rcrueddluoqs pul? esolueruol -{lasuep :s,rtlt 'esntqo'peulnldn 'lzcruoc 'eleeulrc leq{\ouos xedr pe esye:etnsrrq flesuep'8uoJ ruur 6 8 ,{1,norreus1.ru.lg trourloJ 'u,'\\oJq'esnlqoseuo Jeuul '",{er6'elnce seuo.relno erll'esolueurol '8uo[ 'ses"q ,{lesuip lnru -g uo ilclrl-llrourl spDtq pDnlotLq est q l" urlu ,reJ 3 )crq] 'slo?Jq 'apr,r ldecxc lnoq8no:q1 sJo,roF 3uu?aq uorullloc qlr^\ opr^\ ruu tZ*02 r[ru '8uol 'l"cupurl,{c-pro^o 'ulc}s 9-g ruc s/rF, srseqlu"l"'ulerp luc ,{lpeolq plo u? €I t 0I 8 'elorled ol lBJel"l lelqJuB.rqps^Bel-,reJ lo sseu"el lroqs ,{;e,r uo'JceJe aJuasarcfuJ ol ,{ylcnpe:3Suuod?l "uru?J :clElncrlJJ,{lluouruo-rdpue pc,l:eu-gseqol :e€unc"l eql ur Ioo,{\ 8ur^?al snoJq?13Sultuoceq IIe'sJreg pelJnr gllr esoluoruol ,{losolcrunlncilor eql','\\oleq qu cgrcec -pru uo esolueltlol pu" elr.rsJrq'snoJqEIS Sururoceg 'quprru Suol? os ,{losuopojolu 'o,\oq€ st3eds

re8roeo ,.?$/tDB' S V r86r(e 364 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

20-23 mm long; seedbody cuneate, almost acute at base, 7 10 mm long, 8-19 mm wide, lateral margins straight to slightly convex, very narrowly bordered, upper margin colvex. ret thickened; inner face slightly convex, smooth, black, glistening; outer face convex, + spl rugose with ridges, sometimesruptured, dark grey to black, shining; wing 15 18 mm re( wide, curved to stylar side, where split leaving an obtuse secondary lobe. Separator lin similar to seed in shape and size, flat and smooth against seed body, a thickened over- mi hanging ridge above, a broad beak to stylar point; wings recurved. up Distribution. (Fig. 57) South West Western Australia: cantral south, between Southern lea and Ravensthorpe; few populations knorvn. be Cross, Coolgardie pu Selectedcolleclions. Koorarawalyee, 16 May 1966,C. -F.dues s.n.(PERTH); 52 km S of Duri, ca. 100 km SE of SoufhernCross,23 Sept. 19'79, K. Nawbet6083 (PERTH); No. 1 Rabbit Proof Fence,N of br, Ravensthorpe-Esperanceroad, Nov. 1967,E. Wittwer(PERTH). cu Hobitat. In yellow sand in tall shrubland, on plains. Flowering period. March to May. sol The most recently discovered species of the genus in Western Atstralia, Banksia tur lullftzli is rare, known from only three widely separated loaclities. Its habit is very 10 like that of B. elclerana,its closest relative and a cotllmon speciesin the same region, c11 so that when not in flower the two could be mistaken for each other. Much of the region mt may prove more surveys m{ is still dillicLrlt of access,ard B. lulmtzii common when thorough glz har e been made. wl The species is distinguished ftom B. eltlerqna by i1s narrower leaves; larger, erect In' inflorescences; orange flowers; tomentose and woolly perianths; and large follicles. The 'are th, seedlingsare very similar, but the teeth of the leavesin /r llf tzii mote oblique and narrow an more quickly towards their apices thatr in elderana, In colour and indumentum the flc flowers of lul\itzii rcsemble B. audax, u,ith which it is sympatric in the northern part of wi its range. The species,in the few collections seen, is consistent except for variation in lin the size of the inflorescenceand perianth, ye str OU th nl m uI S\A ot p€ m co

va OI m SU SU B th Figure 58. Banksia elderana. A-Regeneration from lignotuber after fire- with old pendulous fruit & above (E of SouthernCross, W.A.). B Habit (E of Ncwdegate,W.A.). ac D 37. Banksiaelderana F. Muell. & Tate (Figure 58) af wi Bot. Centraibl.57, l0:317(1893) asElduiana. "Victoria Type citation: Desert; R. Helms". Lecto (herechosen): MEL 52516,annotated "No. "Elder ,.te by Mueller 2, 1891" and labelled Exploring Expedition (c No. 2 Banksia Victoria Desert. Camp 54. Lat.29"33'25" long. 124'38'. R. Helms 19 17/9 /91,." Iso: K, MEL 52574and 52575,NSW. PERTH. A. R. 16)-L16lI *n :i#r.*""ir.',,;jl'?'"..".,fil:5l.iij'fi"'1$3,.J5".:1if,.',TlgJ:f $i*,ilfii?'',.jliP"9{?ti,ff':{ i"il pue-tti';1!1-e1u;J"r:q 1uej:1iLu 66-:'11 1u-l.ir'u\"P-lDr't J's-t6l Si 'q3ji;;i tz".ri'r'.lJ1ij,1 '81u1 1 ,"qqtioog:'n"rUrJ'oqzSr '; n'o:s v \o\ -Z lPSrp$rNJo lurl t:{HIUqd DBJ) TI g.in|dslij |a1 ru'iZti.s"y 9r:le11e11111 01 prlorSooJE ueequrcr€N Jo g Llt19| suo4)dllo)paDalas p 'ueseo ?uolcl^ puu SutrcIS €uo]JIA ueona) reeu suoqepdod 8ul{llno qllt\ l?oJD u-re1se,\\-qlnoseLIt ur '8ulx !3urlpqel1ng o1'spn,rlsiro-i11iou put srl.r"qJ 1"ed o] tsoruL" sp.ru&ls€o a)"'I pu? 'uo€j.r ueeiiiuirii.l-uoauieq qlnos lurlurJ :eIle.rtsrlv u.reisrlA (sg ?la) uo!tnq!'rls1o 'pea.rncer.K11q3qs s8ur.{\ 'lulod .l?1,{1sol pol"eq pu? pJllJIJIql'dol ssorJ" JSPDSUlSUeqJJ\O qlr$ Ipoq pJai l\uIl33 leu J/rspLr" rdUtl. Lrl p335 Ol l"lltlllc.toloJotl's 1t' 'peplurJ,\\ 'eptsut 'aprslno ':qol lEq,{\atrlos u,lto.rq-1ie1q ttrrorq-,{el3 8uo1qo + ^8ul^?ol jet.{rs u'ro.rg ,{icieef 'epn ieli1s o1 pearnr'epltt u.Lu sl Sultr :{c"lq sa8pu el{l rirrod rrtds 'es?q 8I 'umo:q-,{eJ8 elzi 'J,toqe pe8pu flelnce pue -,(Ft;1nfer.It .r"eu asoSoJ'xo^uoc ec"'Jlns '1?!t relno i3uruelsrl8 'u,\\otq-)lcslq 'oso8n.I ^llqSITSJo r{loouls :J esl,{\reqlo_ec"Jlns 'es?q 'ept,lr '8uol .reirur:peSueg ,{1e1tctaprs ririur ub u6.lutu leddn l" alnc? ulru ZI-6 ruul 'rpln8;eul rel€^oqo uo repl'tr ro ZI-0.1 .(poq pees :8uol urur lZ €Z frrs . epISr"lfls-Iluu 'Jpr,r 'pJ\]nce.r s3^l?^ uc^o ruul Z-I sdIT:)i?oq " 8ur'\EJLlulod .rt1[isruoJJ lrLds tr€q'uoruos ;eru 'de:3 'Jo 8uu?o'\\ :cpr.t ruru 8t oi qrr.'t Suruedb f[sotu sitJrttoJ :prt]loru [11113r1s nsr rq ^lJSuJl 'isoSrlr ,{1lq8l1s{.r:,t Jo qloorus'xo'\uoc ,{lienpe.r8sr-re,1 aqt tsolueurol-el 'qag 'ifrs'.r21,(1s b1'pepuedra ]riq cqdrlle-rures s3^JE^:epr,\\, ulru 8t 0I ruua l"q,\\euos 'gg 'aLiol rrrru'si 'e1e,,.o-11d111e,{1[toiq ,tier,r ueld ur ol sal)Ulotr luelstsred oi-g sI 'prono -dr ^ iq4s pue sqlufrirct-p1o :tuerp rirc f g + Duarsaon$Lq snorqtlS oslttraqlo 'xede ie luerseqnd ,{lcsuap,{re,ro :al.IbllqocioolS cr}?ur8lls:q}oouls'es€q le uelo't\s '3uo1 '3lere1-re3ullrelueserd-uo11od :sno]q"16 Joddn ,{pq81ys uiu, 9.i'ednlqo ^€/I Z/^t'3uol 'spie^dr.,"trnor Suru.roieqsrrlLl eq1 'as"q l? Jlnstt[ {Ll.roqso]-lua:soqnd'1t13ter1s ruru '.rrJutT 'sluoru"lg Suoi urur 'esnlqo r'r1t2rssnout'F-o,ltrH eltpctde 8i-vz tusg i.i-i 'pe,r.rncul{l1q3rls i-rii.,ti"n "o Suol ruur Z + s.taqtuv sno;q213 pu? esnlqo^xedz eq1 'epri qcee po^reu -{llureJ t!'alee{ .(iesu}qo 'Suolqo .{l,\\olsu qulII :eprsul snorq?lt.'eprEno 'es"q rp-roqs o1 '3urr3d"1 e.\oq" epl/t ruur s,lr"lc :lq8ltJls eli,irli luecieqrid-pessordde 'lnoqaaorql9 0 'urru qrurl Surpnlcur '6uo1 rutu LltuDlnd sel,{lsSurpnlrul ^\olle,{ i1'go 6Z LZ 'e1u-d s;a,ro-7g :1eius i.re,r'xedt eql'ri,arorr"u pu" JetJoLlsttJr41o.to1g xade eure:1xeqltx '8uol r.r?oull u,norq 'osoiueurol ':lq6t"t1s 'l"cruoc xed" pelJcsxe :elosrrq ,(lesuap ruu 9 ? '8uol 'runlueuol ulr svorq Lloluulo) slclqcu"rq Jo ulc T F te,ro pterds ruru 6-t {cql qlr,\\ 'osnlqo 'sas€q Jo: I uo etolel-r"ourl sl)pJcl lpnnptLtl as?q le luul t Z JoJ s.re,\\ou 'slcurq )crql 'epl,'\\ '3uo1 'srseqlu€ erll 1noq1i,r uouluoc qtr^\ eplr\\ rul-tl SI IT ruru 9 9 utc 9-t slrf/ 'l?3upulT,{c 1" ru"rp IUc S./ g.g ,'{lp?orq :rue}s ui"ul " 01 leJ3l"l uelJo slellcu€Jq eql 'p1o 'sttolllpred.dcu eqJ srii,t z i ro ll.tola lriecer 3o lrlqJuurq .{1e:1o1 puturol- sarotfal '!5rq1 seseqjtel :3uo1 ruc 7 I ilorl:d ssolurLuol u o1 Surr:du1lururtl i,{11oo't-e1tq't 'snbiqeil ,'(llJorls cc?,J.InsJe,{\ol uo urnlncllsr :sno.rq€13 eruricel Sunuocaq esotueruol s,{e., 8u[uociq ',,no1iqq';pi,u uo pu" 3^oqe elnslq-ssolueuol ?ulu]€l :ssolJ€ uI[I ,I-9 ^llsour 'pedeqs-6 'luo8und 'sul8r"ul uoli 'peaeqs-1 .{pioiq siriraeruoi sesnuls :8uo[ turu S-e .{llsouJ 'uot -i11r.^.r 'es"q '1"u '8uol oircu6c qrcil orp ot lsorulB eturos sur8:"ru :epr,ll ruur gz-zt ulc 'at,i.re'J.un\)H (l+uJp'3uo^l g; {ll"rrsirlun PrSrJ'J€JutlJ.rrr''7 esoltlJLuol luur 0l 67 '1crq1 'rteurl ',{or8 D!51 61 dri 6seq-gr: sli,tqaord :s.rPe( t z rrulr suorq€l3 Sulruoceq Sururnl 'slourSnLjel'esolujruo],{tcsuap'{crq}ruul tslg 1"'ele.relSululoceq rep8ue lzq,treuos - 'leqnloLlSlTE t s1a1t1;iotg ,{qsnq pue piqcutrq rlcnru qlt,lr u f

Habitat. It yellow sand, or sandy loam over laterite, in tall open shrubland and in heath. tor Flowering pario.l, Ja[uary to March, sometimes continuing into winter. to When Mueller and Tate described B. elderana they had fragmentary material in wrl which the inflorescence was separated from the branch, and consequently they did not ru! realise that it is pendulous. It is the only speciesof the series Cyrtostylis to have this 16 character. Other diagnostic features are the long, rigidly dentate leaves,the yellow flowers ser and the perianth with pubescant claws and glabrous limb. The leaves are very similar pe( to those of B. lu lltzii C.. Gardner but are usually a little wider. The latter also has larger, tomentose, orange-brorvn flowers. Both elderan(rand fulmtzii form very tangled shrubs Di, caused mainly by the long, flexuose but rigid leaves with their pungert lobes. wi Banksia elderana is the only species of the genus knorvn to extend into the desert, Sel' The type locality is some 130 km north east of Victoria Spring; unfortunately the 16, Queen 622 type has no habitat data. The region is dilicult of access, and further exploration is Gr( needed to learn more of its occurrence there. In the main area of distribution. between Sullabulling and Lake King, the speciesis locally common. Ht' lar 38. Banksia elegansMeissner (Figure 568) FK Hook. J. Bot. & Kew Card. Misc.7:l19 (1855)-Sirmuellercekga,?s (Meissner) Kuntzc, Rev. Gen PI.2:582 (1891). ha "Dtummond, Type citqtion: coll. vi. n. 200". Lecto (here chosen): BM; iso: CGE, K, B. LD,_ MEL (3 sheets),P, U. There is no specimen at NY, where Meissner's Proteaceae spl are nousec. wh Seedlingsnot seen. qnl Maturc plq t a shrub to 4 llr with fire-tolerant rooistock, often suckering. ftrrl. irregular, to 15 cm lhick. Bark somewhat tessellated, not friable, grey. Brutnchlets arc terete, 4 8 mm tbick, densely tomentose with short curled hairs and loosely hirsute with thz long spreading ones, the latter soon deciduous, pale brown turning grey, becoming glab- lik rous after 2 3 years; old leaf scars prominent. ,edres scattered, broadly linear, acute, 2045 cm long, 12-18 nrn wide, usually sometvhatflexuose and undulate; margins flat, (8, dentate about l/2-way to midrib wilh triangular acute to obtuse lobes up to 6 mm long, loc the marginsofthe lobesconvex to gentlysigmoid; sinuses V-shaped, mostly 4-12 mm wide; lamina narrowed to petiole of 2-4 cm; lamina denselytomentose above, also hirsute Ser along midrib and at lobe apices,becoming glabrous; tomentoseand hirsute below on midrib, the lateral veins tomentose, all beconing glabrous leaving oniy wool in the fine Ion lacunae; midrib pink-orange; each lobc rvith 3 converging nerves, reticulate between. len Inforescence spherical, rarely ovoid, terminal to reccnt branchlet, 6-7 cm diam. at an- pra thesis. lrrr 1 5 5 cm long, 9 l0 mn.rwide, 18-20 mm wide with common bracts, without hirr late flowers for 1-5 mm at base. Inyolucrel &/acts subulate-terete on thick bases, 5-17 mm long, villous-tomentose, ferruginous, usually deciduous before anthesis. Conffion bracts nanowly cuneate, 4-6 mm long, densely hirsute; exselted apex conical, compressed, Ty, obtuse, straight or upturned, denselytomentose and often penicillate, cream to pale brown. Floral bracts s\milar but slightly narrower. F/orL,crspale yellow or lemon-yellow through- out, including styles. Perianth 32-33 rlm long, ilcluding limb of 4-5 5 rnnr, straight; bri claws with lhick basal margins, 1 mnr wide above base but quickly narrowed and filiform sle above, appressed-pubescantoutside, the lowermost hairs rctrorse, glabrous inside in der lower half, pubescent along margins above, n'tidribs prominent; limb narrowly oblong, wit obtuse, obtusely keeled, l-nelved each side, the apex incurved, glabrorts. Anthers 2.5 3 D( mm long on filamcnts of 0 5 llm, vely shortly apiculate. Hypogynous scales oblong, tal obtusely bilobed, + 1 5 mm long. Pistil 3l 32 mm long, + straight, glabrous except a few appressed hairs above ovary; pollen-prcsenter litlear-terete, narrower than style, 0 7 0'8 mm dian.r.,irregularly ribbed and muricate,dark brown when dry; apex obtuse, son.rewhatconrpressed, pale; stigmatic groove terminal, open, ovary glabrous. Infruct- Ge escencesma.ll|' old perianths and styles early deciduous; most inflorescencessetting no SEI frnit; common and floral bracts sonewhat enlarged, indurated, grey. Follicles 1,5, in ot plan view ovate,20 25 mm long, 9-13 mm high, l1-14 mm wide; valvesobliquely semi- ovate, curved to stylar side, convex, grey with irregular small white tubercles, shortly in! 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S y I86I 368 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981 and B . chamaephytorwhich tend to be clumped with short stems. Only in .B. goodii is therc 3t a tendency occasionally towards updght growth. A11taxa in the seriesflower in mid to sid late spring except,B,gardneri tar. hiemalrsand var. breyidentatawhrch are winter-flowedng. hai Development of the inflorescenceis acropetal. og" Five of the included species occur near the sor"rthcoast, from the Albany district MI to Israelite Bay, and extending up to 80 km inland. Most populations are in shrubland lo\ communities, bLrt B. goodii and sometimes B. gardneri occur in open-woodlands. The ovi siKth species,B. chamaephyton,is well isolated from the others, in the low sty between Perth and Geraldton. lnI der The seriesappears to have developed from the Orthostylis. A similar prostrate habit sor has evolved in many genera in South Western Australia, including the Proteaceousgenera on , Dryandra, , Hakea, , and Sluaphea. Clearly on there is an intricate story of pollination to be resolved here, probably involving matsupials lor and other animals, and more complex than the rodent pollination of ground-flowering wl in South Africa (Rourke & Wiels, 1977). brc Within the seriesI consider a possible line of evolution to ha'rebeen goodii-gardneri- lns chamaephyton-repens petiolaris blechnfolia, The last two are non-lignotuberous and thi the most vigorous speciesof the serres. sty Di, 39. Banksia gooilii R.Br. an( Prot.Nov.36 (1830) Sirmuellara goorlii (R.Br.) Kunlze, Rev. Gen. PI.2:582(1891), Sel, gur "Ora Tlpe citation: occid.-merid.,regio mont. prope King George'sSound, 1829. D. (PF (here "New Baxter." Lecto chosen): BM: a flowering specimen with the label Holland Ha King George's Sound & vicinity Mr William Baxter 1829-30"; annotated by Brown. "Possibly of Iso: BM (flowering specimen f 2 frr-rit); G (flowering specimen, ex BM, col- lectedby William Baxter I829 30, at King George'sSound"); K (ex Allan Cunningham's Flc , annotated by Brown); L (flowering specimen, ex BM) ; NSW (leafy specinen ex BM); PERTH (flowering ex BM). + inflorescence, specimen, an{ B. batbigetuMeissner in Lehm.,Pl. Preiss.2:265 (July 1848). wrl Tlpe citatlon:"Swan River, Drlrmmond coll. IIT.No.290." Lecto:K; iso: FJ, G, K, MEL, P, PERTH. S9I Th Co4)ledons(Fig. 8.33)broadly cuneate,+ flat, 10-11mm long, 15-20mm wide, faintly mc reticulate, lateral margins slightly convex, upper margin slightly concave but raised in tfa centre, brownish-green with red-brown margins; auricles t horizontal, obtuse. Seedllng /eayesclustered above cotyledons, narrowly obovate, concave, 4 5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, on petioles 1-l .5 cm long; margins flat, dentate, the teeth triangular with concavemargins, upl 1-3 mm long. Later leavesprogressively longer, more undulate, with larger teeth some- wh times irregular. Mqture plafit a shrub with lignotuber; stems prostrate, underground, short, some- 40. times on surface or erect and up to 20 cm high. Slerrs 7 12 mm thick, denselytomentose- hirsute, the leaves interspersed with subulate, densely hirsute prophylls to 4 cm long. Leaves broadly oblong to narrowly obovate, obtose, 20 45 cm long, 3-8 cm wide, very Tyt undulate; margins f flat, irregularly dentate, the teeth up to l0 nm, rarely 15 mm long, (he penninerved, obtuse to mucronate; sinuses U-shaped; laminae the lateral nerves at the angle of about 80', rcticulate between nerves on lower side; lamina densely hirsute above Ha with long straight and short curled hairs, becoming glabrous, hirsute below on midrib and nerves,white tomentose on lamina becoming glabrous exceptlacunae; lamina narrowed De into petiole and decurrent as 2 narrow ribs; petiole 5-18 cm lorg, tomentose-hirsute; Bo new leaves dark red. Inflorescencecylindrical, peduncle short or long, with many sub- Bct, ulate hirsute bracts. Involucral bractu promilent, subulate, up to 5 cm long, densely hirsute. lxrs 8-15 cm long, 5.5-6 5 mm wide, 17-19 mm wide rvith common braced otl bearing flowers throughout. Common bructs linear, 6 mm long, densely hirsute; exsertts, wit apex small, conical, tomentose. Florql bracts similat but slightly smaller. F/olr,ers ,9er ferruginous to pale brown throughout. 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a shrub with ,-,, Ylr.rrnfty, iignolube,r., Stems prostrate, on surface,4_10 mm diam., densely tomentose uith both short, curled and scattered spreading haits. Leaves erect', 10-40.cm long, _sometimesshorter, not glaucous; lamina^23-60'mm wide, dentate to pinnatipartite' ofte^nundurate; robes opposite or alternate, triangular to broadry linear ,ip I .p long. 9l^1,_?l *ti.. Lo ^obtule or a_cute;sinuses rounded, obiiquety U- or V_ihaped; nrcrprn\Hat: bolll surl,icesar firsthirsute wirh shorr. curled and Iong.spreading ferruginous hain.,becomingglabrous ercepr_the racunae on rowersurface wiiich retain-u hite;oor; eacn loDe J-ner\'ed.hnely reticulatebetween; lanina decurrentto petiole 3 12 cm long, + terete with narrow lateral ribs;.new growth pink. Inflortscenciusually closely suSi bl lea\es.rhe pedunclebearing a_ieu subiriare.rofrenrose br,r..r, up'ro 2 cm long. Intolucra[1:-19:d .btLrrts numerolls."ubuh.te. | 3 cm Iong. tomenlose_hirsule.'ferruginousio grey, persistent. Axis 3.5-10 cm long, 5 l0 mnr ihick, 15 20 rnm including-common bracts; Iowermost 5 l0 mm without flowerc. Conunonbricrs tiniai, S 7 mm loig, denselt hirsute; €\serted_ arDe\_ L conical. somewhat upturned, rtrortty tonientor". Flor(tl bracts srmllar bul y . sttgh .\hoffer tnd nrrrouer. F/o,ri.r.rferruginou), orange_brolvn. pale plnR. the la\t perianrlt 9I9) ! 9l becoming._bro\lnafrer llouering. li,I6 mm long in_ ol J-4.mm.:claqs iji",iiq ],TP filifo^rm-densely- hirs re our:ideuith curledand spiead_ n]t Insrd€ in lpper half; limb fusiform to narrowly elliptic, obtuse, densely l-19urrsule 1l-'rr-.-?l lti hrsl bul olien becomingglabrorrs ercept 'U1pogl.rnrs ?_lape\. AnthetsI mm long on thi-ck filarnents0 5, mrn lo_ng...honlj apiculare. i, rl", fi"*r. ," "Ui""g, pi.ert/ lp,lt_.: l,] ,1,,.o1, .tong ^t8_30 mm long, gently sigmoid, glabrous except a ring o,l \rrarghtharrs ar ape\ ol-ovary: pollen-prcsenrernarrowll ovoid. 0.5 rim longi \lrgh(lylong nbbed:.srignrr,ricgroo\e slightly lareralat aper: orary hirsrrreat lper , iih ,::,C":l*lCht_ hl:r ltlf i.ucrcscence f gyoid, stout; oid periantis and sryles pirsistent. routctesr'tp lo.lf. moderatetyerposed.23 40 nrm long.5-20 mm high.g l5 rnm uide; \al\ts \cmr-elllplrc. sometimes. oblique.smooth. densely hirsute: ridge obtuse, suture ,rsualty.opening ::rlI_T.l]91t,!1.r ontl wirh fi_re.uhen openup ro 2;5 ci across.splirring ot stylar point.learin-g 9,_1.,:u:f!'9. a-beak; lips 1 5 mm wide. Seedbroadly obovatE lo stylar\ide.22 : g *,,,a,ttt'ttt.o 17_rnmlong: seed body cuneare. t2 mm long. \^rdc.upper :, .r,,t'n tngles acu(e.basc acute.lateral margins straighr or slight-ly clr\ed; upper margin with acute ridge on inner face; outer facJ convex,"witnirrelutar tllq-.::ql:y: i1ne1f.a1e f flat.smooti, brown or stie[tly-otii"d; lving16_30;;;G aeeply notcned.irt stytar pojnt, bro\\n.- Sepqrqtor similar to seed in sizi and shape, with a transverse thickened ridge on each face above seed body. requircs ,,",!,qyl:sia ,xclntrlcri a new naute since its previous name, B. prcstrata R.Bt. .n: a larerhomo.n).m.ot pimelca lj_o'y] B. frostrara Forsrer& Forslerf. ( 17751{ posrata t.) Willd.). l:::,T, t l9l.l.r The.specie.is chrrd.creri\cdby irs surfacesrerns. deeply loDeoor cenlatetea\e\. tomentose infloresccnce bracts and relatirelysmall ferruginous pink or and brown flowers. It is usually a small plant without a vigorous habi"t. - The specieshas three varietiesdistinguished by leaf dentationor robing,flower corour and floweringperiod.

40A. A. S. George var. gardneri deep green ,Leaves above, _pillnatiptr tite ; lobes 1-3 cm long, F/owers ferruginous, rarelypale brown. opening in Scprerrberard October. Distrib.ution.(Fig. 61) South West Western Australia, from the Stirling Range to Albany, extending west to Cranbrook and east torvards Bremer Bay. Selected,collectior. Mt. Barker,December 1898, R. Her"r s.n. (PERTH);25 km E of Cranbrook,lg 9:p!.Iq.J 1?,61,_t G. Wikan3314 (PERIH); 16miles(25km)SEofBorcten,27Nov. 1960,A. S.Geirge oct. re26,r. N. s/u,r,etPERTH); cheyne Beach, 26 ocr. 1911,N. G. M;r- Y,(i,.r1;-?rr.{filbany, Hobitat. .ln sand or gravel, in tall or low shrubland, sometimes in Jarrah low open_ woodland.

Flot'ering period. Septenber to November. '.(lilolotl '(HJUEdIt!tl-l ofrLoJD \ rrl,trr,rrre^ T.tauPtn;DlsIuDg 'e,,tr1o1o11 S dol (Hl)If.I) !6t6 e,SrooCg y r!rtttsl]1:tq .lr\ t) ntl tDn,/u/r?r{?' LLrollog 69 ernBIg

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408. Banksia gardneri A. S. George var. brevidentataA. S. George, var. nov. (Figure 59A) Foli17supra perviridia. brevjter dentata; dentes 2 5 mm longi. -Florrrf€rruginei, hieme florentes. Leaws deep green above, shortly dentate; teeth 2-5 mm long. F/ol,ers ferruginous, openingin winter. Typer Near Bluff Knoll, Stirling Range, Western Australia,7 July 1969, A. S. George 9393. Holo: PERTH; iso: CANB, K, NSW. F Distribution. (Fig. 61) South West Western Australia, in the Stirling Range, with a single I collectionfrom near Albany. Selectedcollectiotls. Tolls Pass,Stirling Range, 23 April 1923,C. A. Gatdner1449 (PERTH)j Millbrook Rd., Albany,early Dec. 1963, /c. W. Humphrclss.n. (PERTH). t"" Hqbit( . In white sand, ofien with schistoserocks, in low woodland of Jarrah or in tall t shrubland. Flovteringperiotl. April to July. Deriyation of nante, From the Latin brerrs, short, a,Ld de tatLls, toothed, in reference t to the leaf margins. l

40C. Banksia gardneri A. S. George var. hiemalis A. S. George, var. nov. (Figure 598) I Folia palhdeviridia, pinnatipartila;lobi 0.5 2.5 cm longi. Peria thitlm catneumlimbo pallide I brunneo;hieme llorentes. pale green, pinnatipartite; Leaves lobes 0.5 2 5 cm long. Perianth pink with pale F4 brown limb; style cream ; flowering jn winter.. Type: 3l knt west of Ravensthorpe, 5 Sept. 19'76,A. S. George 14354Holo: PERTH; iso:CANB, K. Distribution. (Fig.6l) South Wesi Western Australia, between Harrismith, West Mt. Barren and Ravensthorpe. Selectedcollections.9 miles (15 km) dueE of Harrismith,1 July 1970,L S. G?drs'e9900 (AD, BRI, CANB. I!, !18!,.Njiwl PERTH);between Middle Mt. Balrei andWhoogarup Range, 20 Dec.1970, A. S. George 10588(b)(PERTH); 33 km W of Ravensthorpe,28 May 1975,l. ,S.Gcrlr'e 13123 (PERTH); near Ravens- thorpe,July 1961, R. Coleman(PERTH). Habitqt. lr sand or sandy loam, usually over laterite, in open-heath or low shrubland often with emergent scattered mallee Eucallptus, Flowering period. June to August. Derir,ation of nctne. Fron the Latin hiemolis, belonging to winter, in reference to the floweringperiod. The three varieties are distinguished by leaf form, flower colour and flowering time: vat. gardnari has deep green pinnatipartite leavesand ferruginous or brown flowers open- ing in spring; yar. breyidentata has deep green, dentate leaves and ferruginous flowers opcning in late autumn and winter; vat. hiemelis l.ras pa-le green pinnatipartite leaves and pink-and-brown flowers opening in winter. The var. gardneri atd yar. breyidentata overlap in distribution chiefly in the Stirling Range, bLrt the two never occur together. With the exception of the Humphreys collection from Millbrook Road near Albany, v|.x. breyidc tata is confined to the Stirling Range. The yar. hiemqlis is disjunct from the other two yadeties. Several collectionsof var. gardneri e.g. A. S. George 14382 fiom South Stirling, have flowers of a pa-ler brown than is typica-lfor the varieiy, show- Fir ing a tendency towards var. hiemalis in this respect. ga _ The closest relative of B. gardneri is B. goodii R.Br. which differs in the larger, un- dulate, irregularly lobed leat'esand the large inflorescencessubtended by very long densely hirsnte bracts. Bonksictgoodii also sorneiimes has erect stens to 20 cm tall. There is also a.relatiorship wrth B. chamttephytor A, S. George (q.v.), the only prostrate species found in the heaths north of Perth si sl ,( -I '( 'S '( 'r!-^ | ) stblopad pug L) rl ualE laupro8 'g '( 'J!-^ '8 ',( 'Je^ '19 a ) Doluop!^atq lbtproS L ) lo pD8 lbup,ro3 DlsluDg Jo uo4nqlllsl( eJnSId z: u "il, ,^ *+-]- \ .J p1 tl sa ng SJ 'r.'; N*,r* -[ I f^ii!!n€ -t-] i 1- 1- 1",,"t,",\r

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m ol di br ol in hi Figure 62. Banksiachamaephyton, Holotype, A. S. George 11204(PERTH). ol fil sl al p( 'p1o,Lo 5ll€ur8lls :osnlqo '3uol ruur ,(1'trorreu :olueserd-ue11od I?Jol?l a^oolS Sr'0-9'snoJq?18 0 'repuels 'peurnl{n ,trolei1 pu? po,lloJr?u -{llqEIISxed" iralua'sard-ua11od leuo8erlal '3uo1 'esnlqo '8uuod?1 qrr.{ prou3ts".{1u:3"3uol urur eer.; ruru '{DqBIs S1:EZiUsH I 'ruru 'iiauri rl€lncld" .{lesnlqo pu? dllroqs + s}ueru?lg salzjs snoatSo(I,(H 9'spr"''\\reu" 0 Jo ruur statlJuY se^oolS ^\oll€rls t q1$\ uoos Jo uo Suot c t lt l€ulPnllSuol'sli"q ,{q snorqelS esxep € Surp"eJds q}Lt 8uno.( ueq'tl elnslnl sts:q1uri tnq-'r'ade 1" Un1 't^oq" 'isniqo '",rdttl" fi,^,rb:nu qur11jlueuiuord qIJpIu eql elnsrlq '{lesreds 1l?rl re'trol uI 'LuroJILg ieptslno alnsrtq-3uol 'Jpri\\ ruru s,l,'lllc :!uru 2 Jo oprsui snirrqflS t 0 t '3ut::nrog,0 5-9 o'urrlSurpnl.rur Subi Luur Ot-t( 4tuottdd fJJB usql JeUB u^\orq SururolJq Tlu,d-spnq urnlueullpulJlttl^\ ol snoulSllllq-eledpue u'lloiq IlEp tie l€Jld" Jllt 9LUll']€U 'esnlqo ,{pq311s lslIuIS srr"rg osoltreruotr iilr^'uieerj s.ia,lo7g :ipLus 1nq lr'lo/J 'e\eq 'r,:dep:uasre:Jlnsrrq ^lJsurp'8uol tu tu S-S'{Jlql'.rz0u11sl ',r'tguoauo) 1e wr\I ,4\ete Jol sr€^\oHtnoqll^\ sJullaulos .ro tnoqSnorqt slenou Sulleeq 5lJelquouuloJ qll^\ '3uo1 'srl"rl "pit't *r-it ruru g-g \n stx7 1tn:; ut,{e:3 pue luelsrsred 8I Si'epl^n 'elnaeZl-g '8uol 'seseq sn6urBn:roj qr^\ Jlnsrrq-,4]a^lJ.t,(lesuep T ulul EI-S lsgl uJo'IJe1?ln 'sa^"ol u sanlul" '3s€q ^luo -qns-ieeuri'srrer{ s1t'ott1 lonnptul -{q popoelqns- f,Ilerlsr. le iubl oLil 's!eq polrtlc lroqs qll^\,{3r3 pu3 osolueuotr .4lesolcSururo'oq lLiatsrsred '?uru"[ Sunok uaqn Jlnsrrq-Jsolurruot luoJlncep ^q peruJo;,spISlelx"pc uo squ nAoJJ"u 'ueIP ,{ra,r g qtlu rnq elbjer urut €-s l aloDed :ocP,JJnsJeddn uo luepl\e '{lecr"ts se^Jeu eqt'ecegrns rs^\o[ uo uee,\\leq ol"lncl]ol ,{l3uu'so^Jeuleug I€JeAespu? ul"lu € qll{\ egol 'sauo Suol qlllr qiee :eiulcel ur loo,u.e1g,t eug asuep ro3 ldecxe go 8uu"e,tt l[? lq8le:ls pur: srreq pellnf, q:ll\\ osolueruol ocEJJnsle,ttol :snolq€13 Sululo3oq se,lrau uo olnsril llogs 'lroqs qii^i "1nsitr1X1"loo1pui s4eq pel1nc qtla1 esoluoluot ec"Jrns raddn srr"q tqgr"Jts 'lep€oJq :e^€cuoc fl]tlSlls ol l?U pu" JelJoqs xed? spl€'ttol :siroir8irjreg urnlueu,npur 'epl.\\ '3uo1 esoql 're,troi:ru pus JelJoqs "ulurBl es?q spl",\\o-] esoql l-uru0T E ulc g 3 '1q3rer1sJo 'J?lnSueul 'qt.,pr- ol 'alnre .ro spl?,\\dn ,{llue8 pe^Jnc .{l'{\oJr?u .E8 .0t 1? les 'olnt" 'pedtqs oi :La"'1 '"1eltitali ot rtrsoddo saqol lpl8u ol ssnlqo xed" :epl\\ ruur 11 9 ;eprs -n s"snuts eql qiee seqol 0€ 0l qlp\ qlrPlru ol ]soull? elllr?du?uuld eeulru?l i:pr'" urr g1 '3tro1LuJ r)ue tJdrr)7 Surrza$rrllel :biro1.uc 11-i eloirad 7 09 0z Jo 'ur"lP :r.1tit.,'nq'inou,dnl-,11 tqBierts 3uo1 puE pJlrnJ lJoq\ qll\\ {tarl:,r {1:suep ulLu 'furiorarepun qnJrls 3 a.tnJotll 7y'1 vi,a7g sruegselerlsord q1t,trssolc€ uI T ol luDld 'u,ro.rq epd ,reu :s3^cel uI s€ ulnluorunpul :3uol lua I I elonod :8uol Iuul.s 01 dn glr,\oJ8 z lslg t '8uol 'esuqo '31?Aogo 1i.Lqso,tzel z ts:g Jo esoql o] lelrurs soqol 8 9 qll\\ eleluep ruc A-t qri"-o1 p"u; prll{l-:sr!€q etq,\ pel.Inc qlltr se.I}srelur ut,{11oo'tt '{lesool pu" sl€q i"n:eo1 :slreq stt,eruo :tn..,ttl,ri*o1 Jllqrl qll\\ atnsltqf1a:oo1 epts raddn snourbnl.ratited utr* '3uol :3uoi ru: i erori:Oot pJ^\orrPrr?urru?l :pJ\rnJeJ ^llqSrls sut8.r"Lu Luu Z g l 'Ssnrqo'ttfn8uetrt tlll?Juo sJqol olul aapJ'ur"c.Zlplstp eqt Flanbllqoscqol :Jpls I Z Popt^tp '3uor 'a.rrlqo'oleroqo l.JU :suopJl{loJ:roqe llelt-'tp:tuLurpap^\oJ) 7 Z 'tttot' 'rsnlqo p:: eled 'snorqeli 't.roqs Suol urLu Z S l sanoil Swipa){ 'xe\uoJlttuoJtH '1e1.roruo.jseicr:ne :elejncqe.r a-s5r.rau :3JElluJJJ ^PtlSITsulSreu reddn iuea:8 'epr."r 'ol€eunc (Eg '?rJ) saoPafto) 1ir.rp'"inub" f ruui 17-97'8uo1 ruut IZ 0Z 8 '1tqeq eltrlsord eql ol ocu€leJeJ '3ul&ol3-,\\o[ '-apLuDq) ur '1uz1d e 'uoi{Ud puq- 4eef,9 ar{l ruoJd aw0u Jo uolloitltaQ .HIUEd 'OV 'Y 'lL6.I ',44SN '-Mht 'X 'SNVJ 'IUS :osl :HJUAd :9loH tgzl I a8roaD S :-.g 'dlqsu^\ol 'Itii Er ,s9.qri'i lzo.-ie-"t qlertsnYurelse1\ :eqrun8o41Jo 1{:adtJ 'eprrr rut! 'q8tquu 97 I 1 'sPoes 'luo1ruru :q1 '3^uo1ruc se^"el 97-71 0t qZ salc{loC Buol rlJ 8 Z srqol 05-02 rr5rol qlltr sa^eelra8l€l'sutels iin"i"l"trtoi reareilpir-u'sie og u,trorqpulr ru"rlJ'saqol 'e8rooct 'Y Dleluog ol pe\IY funorfrSfun eqt uI sIeJIp tI qcq,lt ruo{ S lnuPrDB 'I1€lruur rrul 'r8uoiurr ot-SZllnclllog slSuoltut 8-Z 'snqllotEluOZ-SI lllE 0Z ZI srqol?8uol rur 09-02elloJ ueJtp rnbsnqrurturs\rlnrl[loJ-]e^'sr0lrunlq le sleurerrsnqlrou .iriqirorSucilsrqol-sri.lroieur sltloj tsreueii:1c1nssltuer eirb e'srtrge eBroeDS-Y l)auryD8aDlsluDg (29 o.rnalC) ^ou'ds e8roe9 S Y uolfqdatuBqr B.r$Fu{'It 'gSroeC ,lrlur€. S V 376 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

at apex; ovary hirsute with long straight hairs at apex, glabrous below. In/ructescence 42 moderately large, the old perianths and styles persistent but follicles ptottu.drng. Folltcles up to 15, elliptic in plan view, 25-40 mm long, 12-20 mm high, 15 20 mm wide; valves (1E almost semi-orbicular, slightly off-set to stylar side; \'alves smooth, densely tomentose and hirsute with short curled and long straight hairs, pale ferruginous becoming grey with age; ridge broadly rounded; suture obscure, straight; follicles usually opening only OI with fire, when open up to 3 cm across, valves somewhat recurved, split from stylar pojnt sp to leave prominent lateral beak; lips 1 mm wide, not enlarged laterally. ,S?ed:l: broadly sil oboyate,2T-36 mm long; seed body + cuneatewith convex margins, 1l-17 mm long, Ba 14-22 mm wide, base obtuse to acute, upper margin with an acute ridge on inner side; inner face smooth, mottled brown and cream, outer deeply and irregularly pitted, grey- brown; wing strongly cuwed to stylar side, 22 35 mm wide, split to seedbody from stylar de point leaving an ovate secondary lobe. Separator similar to seed in outline and size, H. flat against seed body with a thick, overhanging ridge on each side above. flr ea Distribution. (Fig. 60) South West Western Australia, near the west coast between Mogumber and Eneabba. co

Selectedcollectiotls. W of Winchesteron GreenHead road, early Dec. 1970,C. Chapmans.n. (AD, BRI, m CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH); BadgingarraW of (Depi. of Agriculture)Research Station, 19 Jan. 1962,C. A. Gardners.n. (PERTH); 15 mileseastwards fron Mount Peron,26 Aug.1949 (old fls.)f. l. m G/rgrd,s.n. (PERTH). Hebit.rt. In grey-white sand over latedte, in open-heath. rh Flowering periorl. Late October to early December. ar. Banksia chamaeplrytonhas as its closest relative ,. garclneri var. hiemalis. lt drffers pa from that taxon in the underground stems, the larger leaves with longer lobes, the brown ba and cream perianth, a less denseindunentum on the perianth, the broader perianth limb, utr and the larger follicles and seeds. It is widely separatedgeographically from B. gardneri th in a1l its three varieties, being the only prostrate Ba*siu tn the heaths north of Perth. a It is one of the rare species of the genus, known from only eight collections. Several lo of these localities have now been cleared for agriculture, while the speciesis not common OI at the others. er CU The speciesis somewhat variable in the leaves size of the and the length of the lobes AI but is otherwise fairly uniform. de

sh V€ AI in sp el th = trl th ol hi m hi o1 Sr m ve FtglJJe63, A Batlksiapetiolaris. Habit. B-8. r?per,r. Habii; young inflorescence(left), old inflores, ac cence(centrc). (Both SW of Mt. RaggedW.A.). to 'aprsur lnq eprslno u,rorq--,{a:3al?d u,rolq'orluac lnoq? qclou qll^\ epls JE[^ls sp]?,ro1 pa^Jl1cl?rl,reluos'opl,r uIIII 0€ tZ'pcpunoJ 3ur,r:aprs ]ouur egl uo e8pu poSpo-,{1o1nce 'qloouls ',{ll?cl ue olul peue{crq} ur8reu Jeddn eql :u"elc + ec€JJnsleuur :^er8 e^ 'pe11td'xe^uoc + pou8w sltd eq1 eJq.llrs Jelno :eplr luru SuLt ? qllu ulql sularBru 'elnc" 'ol?ounc 'opr,r Z-l 'el"^oqo es€q + pu? 3uo1 ruru 11-y1 ,{poq paos i3uo1 ruc y g paas 'ue^e 'epr,t\ 'erg .{lJrsJ ruuI Z g.I sdll :pa^Jncar + se^I"^ :ssoic? urlu 0Z o} qll{\ -,{luo Suruado seycqloj :euu eJnlns :e3" rlllr go l]?e,tr,{r,;ru trEql s.rl"q 6urpeerds qlJ.{\ olnsrq -esoluouro] ,{lesuep 'crld111e-rruesol .r"lnc.rrc-rues se^l"I :papunoJ ^lcsnlqo 'epl\\ ruul 'qAIq '3uo1 's.re,$ou ',reg 'fet? SI-ZI ruur 0t-0I ruu 0t 0Z Surpeecxe,{11q8t1s sa1tt11og SuruJnl luolsrsJod-3uolse1,{1s pue sqlutrred plo tllt,.l. u sdpny'i4 ur elnsJq '3uo1 ;leq.reddn -3uo1 urru g . -,fue,to:i?ururJol o^oo.l3 crlurtl8rls 'uollo,rs ,{llq?rls -,{luo lnq Suolqo '8uol 1 'JelueseJd-uellod 'prtql ruru S.0 + relueserd-uellod :snoJq"l3 ,t\o1eqlsrI ["uo8r:1e1 :eddn ut pe,unc-dn'8uol luru 3uo1 ruru . . 'asnlqo '43{ 'r"ln8ueutr tt-g1. tllslJ S l-9 0 '8uol ,{l,rorJ?u ol 3uolqo saTz.rssnol!tr8odtrH rol.toqs ,{tlq8rls $uaurelu eql rull[ I + sQquv guJrl oJluec 8uu€e,u uouo 'xod? spr",\\ol esuepeJoru puB la8uol srl?q oql 'sJl"q Jo'el"d Jo 'asl?q 'tqdITIe f,A",r + qlla eprstno alllsJlrl'esnlqo e^oq" pelcr.r]suoa.{l}q8IIS -,{1,uor:ruqrurl :eprsur snorq"lS 'qruq spJeaol rel.roqs Surruoceq slt"q p3dsuc 'Sulp"eJds 'ruru qll{\ eprslno etnsrrq'epr^\ ruul 2.0 l s^\"lc :lq8r".r}s+ €-g.Z Jo qrull Sulpnlcul Suol ruLu qiLrDlrad Lu?erclo oFd el.{}s :u,rorq eled seruqouos '{urd pu? 6Z-92 'Jc,'\\oJrllulurd uJle7JSottlol! xcdr 3Ll1 pue Je oqs lnq l"lrurs spD.lq drl, fJi/. 1lerus 's]r"rl 'lJorJS lo.tol!'l"cruot.{l egl l" Jeled pu" ro8uol )c"Jq peFnc q1$\ loacseqnd ,{lesuap orls .ro el"curlrl l xede peuesxe :xed€ spr",!\ol Jelloqs Suruocaq slr"q srloul8nr]eJ rlll^\ elnsJrq ,{lesuap '8uol ruru '.r"ourl seD.lq uoLuuloO eso:}ucruolfl oqs pu" dlesuep '8uol 'cs"q 9-g ruln p?oJq € uo{ JEau\ sp'.tq sJe,\\oglnoqlh\ ruru Ot-q '8uol0I-€ lDfinlt)tul'lros re,rol oql urc 0I-9 sirk srseqlu? le opr,\\ urc /-9 uo pelelosr Suueedde put se^eal ruo{ uic 0Z 01 dl \]etJo uaJsa.toLfiI snourgn eJ ql,ror8 ,reu :"u[u?l luoJJnc -ep,,(qpeuuoJ sqrr 7 q1r,r ged rcddll'es"q ]" elerel'8uol ruc Zl-L elor}od:arrlue 'esnlqo 'J"ln?u"ul IeJele['lell?lus uo :: jrel .1o xede pue es"q sp.r",rol seqol :oc?,Jlnsroddn uo ()1 aJncsqouorl?ue^ :oprs qclro uo 3uo1 ruru t dn soqol osnlqo rrln8u"ul + 9 I qll^\ peqol l".r'q] ,'(llenboun so^losuor{l ,{ll"nsn saqol cql 'elelncDer csrr\\roqlo 'aaoq€ e^reu -'{l"puoces " 'pe^Jna-dn ,{ll"nsn pu" ur8r"ru re,uol l"eu (eqol;o) quplu -,(pq8qsro lq8llrJls soqol erll 1tal 'el?uoJcnur 'J€ltl8u"ul 'epr,m 'qu -,{lesntqo Jo el"Jun]l xede eq1 ww ZZ-L'8uol ulc 6 o] d[ 'r?loBueu] ,(I,{\oJ.r?uro elteunc .{l,norrtu '3uo1qo-rteuq ,{lp?orq soqol ureuI :xed" puB es3q sp.re,rol seqot J3ll?rus pu? eprs Llo?ouo soqol et?u.rolll?Jo olrsoddo qlr.\\ elulud sJ0 lere^os 'lcJro 0I S -11€uurd'8uol Luc 'pcroll€cs ,rr,1ra1 ccuJcscrouur,roleqpu? looqs ot-gz l"[uu?'{clql u? Suruufcq le ulels 8sol" sll-'(gdoJd l€€ull :esoluaruol-snouranJ.ral,{lasuep 'le^e[Jo 'letuozuoq puno]? ,roleq ruc |7 I sluels :Jeqnlou8rTqlr^\ qnJqs z yoltl a.m1o11J '8uol 'elnc" 'eqol ruc Z 01 puoces " qll{\ 'o],rl.r€drl€urlld '8uol 'v. ro aJr][e seqol aql 01 el"luap'opl{\ ruc A S.Z ruc SI 8'el?uoJcnur 'ueI 'ot?Aoqo se^Bolrcl?l : so^?ollslu rlr sc urnlu3lunpur :8tlol luc I T etorlod :leg 1sour 1'e surS:e[r 'IUr '3snlqo 'opr,\\ '8uol :8uol u[u t Z seqotesnlqo rulnSuerrlqlr,\\ al?]uop ruc Z g.I luc a-s 'el?^oqo ,{l,uolJ€u se^"el € Z txeu :?"uno?l uI [oo,{\ ellq^\ osool ]oJ ldocxo snolqel8 Sururos -aq sl!€r{snour8nr:e; eled qlr.{.sopts q:}oq uo etnslq Burlusl :pe^]ncal sur8l?ur'apISqc"a '8uoJ 'esnlqo'elp^oqo seqol rz[ll8uer:1t t qll^\'epr^\ ruo I :li ruc g :i: -,{I,\\oJr€ue Z lsru 'ezr :suopel-,(loce^oq? pap,ro]c sa,loalSwlpaas uee;8 elzd'snorqBlS'lcrqt'lroqs fiDodttg '3uol 'Sututqs'uaeJ8 urur Z'elncE'Surpuacsepro Sutpterdsselcurle :el"Fcrlal -,{putz1 deep re1,{ 'xa^Uoc 'epr,r '3uo1 'onblTqo 'e1e,r.oqo '3rl) + rurrl g1 unu t I d11q311s (9E'8 saopattpJ 'lltqe-I "g srQdar toJse adIJ Uroclns'S.lli Luou'(608I loc)€fI iord'lq8lu){ l Dltoltpodllod DteFlDg '3uc 'ucuJlcJds our?soql ruo{ J€el alSurs f,lpe 'pel"louull 'IJ 'ueurtceds e sr"eq osl" l" leeqs Jaqlouv oJQlpllllilq?-I ,{q pel4ouue tulo '1g .{luo Suua,rog euo qll^\ lseqs z :(uesoqc e;eq) o1ce1 -(eg ecutredsE 1? pu?lul€ru orll uo 'u€^I8 ,{eJB sercedseq1 SuIpuU ol sq uI peJJeJereJQlpl€ltlq?-1 lnq euo.u:aotwtlJ ad{J l?uJnof esolt s0AIl uaD ^eU'oztun){ (1,,tqe'I)suadat D'dlptluttls- (OOBIqeJ uel) 'rr9,, nof;U8t) Z8S:Zlal tZ Onr sal)!i (gt9 arn8rC) ruqe1 suede.rulsluug'gp a)uai 'e8toeD 'S 'V Dletutg I86I i 378 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981 darker towards apex- Separatorsimilar to seedin shapeand size,thin where adjacent to seedbody with a transversereflexed ridge acrossthe upper side and then thickened 10 aboveespecially on the stylar side,the wingsthinner' 2 Distribution.(Fig. 64) SouthWest WesternAustralia, from the Stirling Rangeto Israelite Bay. co wi inr '\-ltj ac I I 1\l I " *_-*, fla I Geroldlonf ba i\l li\"i-i-lll ap an OU lo. su rit ter "-t br -r- vil I i E,;i"F l j -i ;l .:.fT T l-i-l-l ml to sli rer Pe be sir Figure64. Distributiol\ol Banksiatepens. ot Ar Selectealcollections. East of Cranbrook,northern edge of SiirlingRange, 16 Oct 1962,7.E, H. Aplin2033 og (PERTH); 25 5 mil€s(40 km) SE of Bordenon BiemelBay load, 27 November1960, .4. S. Georye1718 ot (AD, (PERTH)ca.14knEof ihemouth of theOldfeld River, l2 Oct.1968,Hj. Eithle/20218 PERTH); be Luckv Ba!. 8 oct. 1966,P. G. wilson5602 (NBG, PERTH);Israelite Bav, 2l Oct. 1960,c. A. Gatdnet 1291i(PERTH): 30 km w of Mt. Ragged,l0 Sept.1964, P. G. IVilson2956 (AD, PERTH). ha Hqbitat. In deep white or grey sand or sandy loam, sometimeswith gravel, in open heath pe and tall shrubland; sometimes on consolidated coastal dunes. lo; Flowering periotl, October to November. CX fo Banksia repensis the most widespread speciesof the Proslralae and is easily recognised ea bv its irregularly pinnatipartite leaves, underground stems, and cream and pink flowers. m: Its closestietative-is probably B. petiolqris which lacks a lignotuber and has stems on the surface with shortly dentate leaves that remain white-tomentose below. In B. repens wi the leaves tend to be crowded in clusters, and the inflorescencesat flowering are not sub- br tended by leaves. Only a few follicles are produced, many inflorescencessetting none. sp The new leaves, produced in spring and eatly summer, are deeply ferruginous. 1ir Apart from variation in size of leaves,leaf lobes and follicles, the speciesis relatively to uniform. D G 43, F. Muell. de Fragm.4:108 (MaY 1864). ,se NI citatiotl: none given jn the protologue, but in Additamenta ad Yolumen Quartum, Ka Type "InNova p.iZlttlou. Mueller cited Hollandia austro-occidentali". I haveselected 1864), "S. (MEL 47981)labelled in Mueller'shand W' Austr. Fol. immerso- as lectotvpea sheet te, nervosa.'-Maxwell 1861". lt contains one specimenwhich agreeswith Mueller's pro- tologue; the sheetwas seenby Bentham. FI B. Dinnatis?ctaF. Vuell., lragm. 7158(Ocl. 1869).Nomen nudum. mentioned as an apparenlvariely ol'8.reoens. Thi5nameappe,rsinMueller'-handonlhelectot)peshee.ofB blechnifolia. br pu" "llrq?l suada.t'g rapun ,{ut,(uou,{suI }r pecEld (0t8I) ru?qluog esn olur lq8nolq ,{lo trooq iiiuer:. Aluo seq Stpliutltalq D$IuDg erueu or0 7991 ut peqs4qnd q8noqllY 'Jeqrrle,\oNpru o1 :equteldeg a1e1 pouad 8u1tano1g 'DUOdDJJ2I -ot -ot 'pu€s e}Iq^\ uI 'JollqDH sudtrpJng sz \Ix11sseell?Ill lue8leruo q1l,t ,{11ensnqleeq ,trol SuouI€ pe: '596I '8uI) gS :(Hllad gZLI 'tu {HJ-US.I)S€8t taq$aN , lco l€ eIe'I.Jo 'dnaumuer:af:CV) laqrnx 'H t'ng6l ldeS?iiocuejsitii .lo N :(Hlda4'; SZOL)tuoa1 S V'9961 1.O 0g Jo AN iGiliajiplcqa'a 1prg raaptqt v J'T[6I ^oN'urreg ]I eipPII rllousqreld saau)a o) palralas '8ur) el€-I Jo et"3op ']s?oc -a{eN s? J?J se o11nbql:ou Bulpuolxa Jou eql Jo url 0I urqllt peproceJlou :uosqlC -dn8uiruz:r61 '?I1e.IlsnV 'uoltnqllJsl1 pue uoe^qeq urelse/A lselA qlnos (09 8tg) '-,{poqpeos ur8.r"ul Joddn uo eSptr o1 fla Jo 'ezls Surpuodsa::or s8ur,t.1o:seq 1e s8utlle,trsput lutod .rel,fis01 {rcq pBo.lq qllrd pu? eull 'aqo1 'eu ur p:as o1 rzjruris .totDrDdas lrtpuoces 8u_olqo8unee1 lurod J?J-,{lsuro{ lllds 1no 'e1e,toqo-pe,unc daap qli,t'epr,ra. uiiu SuLt\ :slld )c"lq lsorol€ J€ln8errl qtl^( u^\orq -gr 96-91 'qloours 'ePISuI -reia 'x'eiuoc acej:e1no :u,tlorg oce; rcuul uo eSpu elnce qll.4i\ sua 51io 1rsp '8uol DeAJnJur8rEul l:ddn::snlqo eseq'Jpl\\ LuLU ll-Zl LU(uZl 6'sulSJELupe^inJ qll/r^ eql 'al"\oqo-JlsJunJ .S.I: it;nrunr ,ipoq poes:3uo1 urtu SZ 0Z 1;a5 :1(1satl'oddo :pts tto ruru g.7-7 o1 iuruipur'epllr ruul I sdrL:lraq 1"J;]PJ" 8ur'\"Jl lulod^1"[^]s uro.rJo,tI€A qc?o pes 'o.rg 'a oo'rtidr n qlm-;sso:ie ruur sz ol dn uado u:qt qI,^\ ^l Suru3do .{llensn s.lulloJ ro arqns :popunor e8pu :snolq"t8 ql8uel le slred pesodxe :alntnp.tn f11q8r1s lq8rc:1i 'q8rq '3uo1 'sno'11ir qrooius 'Jllclrllr-rLuJSsr^le^ :JPrr\ tuLu LuLu g1 I rlesljp inq s l-0-l 'luola1q ol osolc ,fiI osle sr lI ru?erc ole sre,trog oql pu? seqol .reln8errr q1r,tre1r1-rrdtleuurd ele sel€el oq1 'puno.rAJ€pun 'g .{lluelsrsuoc er? sruo}s eql qcrrl,r ul lllq"-I suada.r sr e^rl"Jer lsosolc stl 's:e,tog ',\ eso ,ro11e,{el"d pue lurd s1r ,(q pue oloq osoluoruol-ellq,r el" l?q1 so^?e[ eJnlBur eleluep ,{11roqsslt ^q a1lutso,td er{l Suou? pesruSocerdlrp?er sr srnlotqd olsyuog ...II 'JJqueJJC-prurol .rJqolJO-ptl\.Jwn 3utD.\olJ 'osotcadsorslttog Jo snfitrprng eelIELn 'ql"erl lue8rerue q1r.,'rueuo qlp\ pu?s e1q,tr deep uy sr,rota s1,to1ot\ada$luDg 'JpllqpH p'vederro reuorrr:N rr'punoq'J'096r'noN:(Hrxsd) 0€02,t,,(}+qqaxqB|il::J!li:{r;\'.?tfl;tff$ Si,'ff{ :(HLdEd\tz6zt nupn)'v Iz',{Bgolrloerst reeu: (Hrdad) ngotnaliaD./J rd''8t6T ^oN9 -Jerl 'uappEJS:(HJNAd) 'us 'H 'D '896t IrO 'edroqlsueed g 'dnuli3unJ,,{.suolpa D papaps ll!^ug Jo egJ 'pu€lur Lul 0g ueql JJor! pop:ortr rou:,4r9 3ur: '"rt€Jtsnv '?yg)'uounE.4nq eqle?Jsl pue dnurlSuntrAlueo,uteq ulalsslA lssld qlnos (I9 'e^oq? 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be or + sli EX co sti ap Fc hir pr ha US br bo lor mi gli FiEDre65. Banl$ialcmannidna. A Bark. B Habit,3mtall. (BothE of Ravcnsthorpe,W.A.). lnl se( 45. Meissner (Figure 65) Se In DC., Prodr. 14:462(Oct. 1856) cited iD name only in Hook. Kew. Journ. ,1:210(1852) Simuelleru a' lemanniana(Melssllet) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2:582 (1891). re( "In Type citation: colonia Swan River (Drumm. coll. 4, n. 302!)". Lecto (here chosen): Di BM; iso: B, BM, CGE, Fl, G, K, (2 sheets),MEL, NSW, NY, P. Mr Cotyledons (Fig. 8.39) broadly cuneate with distal margin oblique, widely spreading, Fe 12 15 mr11long, 15-18 mm wide, 3-nerved and reticulate, dull green, sonretimesreddish Sel, outside, the distal margin sometimes finely crenulate; auricles spreading to descending, of acute, 2 nrm long. Hlpocotll I 2 cm long, 2 5 3 mm diam., pr:bescentto almost glab- Mt A. rous, red. Seeclhngleaves; first 2 opposite, immediately above cotyledons, + cuneate, acute, 30 35 mm long, 15 20 nm wide, serrate with 2 4 lobes each side, the lobes acute, Ht 2-6 mm long; sinuses t V-shaped; margins flat to slightly recurved; lamina loosely sor hirsute above, hirsute on nrain nerves below with the lacunae woolly; lamina narrowed FK to base; higher leaves scattered, obovate-cuneate,acute, 6-8 mm long, 25-35 nim wide; dentate to base, the lobes and indumentum as in lirst leaves, Seedling sler? densely tomentose and hirsute. brt w1 Mature plant a shrub to 5 m without lignotuber, at flrst erect, when o1d often spread- stri ing, openly branched. Trunk to 15 cm diam. Bark thL\, filely fissured, not friable, an( grey. Branchlets terete, tomentose with short curled hairs and loosely hirsute with long B. spreading hairs, greenish-brown, later closely tomentose and grey, becoming glabrous prophylls after + 2 years; on lower 2 4 cn of branchlet narrowly linear, 5-10 mm long, 46. _f appressed, densely tonentose-hirsute. Zerires cuneate-obovate, trulcate to obtuse, often pungently mucronate, 3-9 cm long, 12-35 mm wide; margins flat, serate almost to base, the teeth 1 3 mm long, acute to obtuse, rigid; sinusesobliquely U- or Y-shaped, Tvt 3-8 mm wide; upper surface of lamina densely tomeotose with curled hairs and hirsute Le( with spreading hairs, becoming glabrous; lower surlace similar but the long hairs more prc crowded on midrib and mair lateral nerves, becoming glabrous except for white wool in K, the small lacunae; petiole 5 l0 mm long, tomentose; new leavesbdght fenuginous. Inflorescencesterminal to short laleral leafy branchlets from stems mostly 3-5 years old, B.t pendulous,broadly cylindrical, 8-10 cm diam. at anthesis. ,4xrs 5 l1 cm long, 10-13 Kev cnol mm wide, 22-2'7 mm wide with comrnot] bracts, without flowers for only a few mm at base. Involucral b/dcls narrowly linear on moderately thick bases,5-10 mm long, toment- ose, often hirsute in upper half, browt Common brqcts lrneat,6-7 mm long, densely anc hirsute; exserted apex flat or slightly convex, densely tomentose, dark reddish-brown aur with paler cenlre. Florql bracts simrlar but slightly shottet, narrower, with small apices, red 's0ar 'el?Aoqo 'suopel,{loc 'ellsoddo 'per ,{lii.o.u?u -'3uo1 o,,roqt,{leletpeurul Z lsJUsaQ|al 8ullpaas 'sno.rqiyE'1crqt 3uo1ruur € 'l"3ple^ selsrJne u,t\o ruur 7 luc z 9.1 lt|otod{g Z'eln 'el€1ncller :alrpirirc ,{i1i1Frtsur8rsru recidn :uiBieur per:ug qtr.\\srttlllruros ua:r8 11np pu? ,{yest '8uol '3upealds'rl"runt '3rg) -luar p"ni"u-g'"pt^ -- uru 61 11 (0t 8 suopaytroC tt-gt leu e'q)olro'r u't ururnrcr)Ir^,u ,",'J"1;3','#;r1] 1",7;ly'"+?''#r"(r'#ri$lil:j"I Ei-0 '1od11 ..1ir0€ .o. ,so"lrra^ rg'1.1 'plo ut ipto*iLir"eir ur'poiic-(qsst id zgv,yt ipcir4-'3q ur roussrel4l lralot 'snor 'id.sN "I ').g 'punos u[ Ic '(lprg :osl retrx?g rIAI ruo{ u,\\oJg rtr{ s,eAJoeC8ur.) edoJd Surpnlcur) tr trg .t 'IIg eJou 'luol^ puJru- prJJo e:o erpue11o11u,to11,, peleqel leeqs e :(uesoqc eJaq) olt-o'I elns: 'punog ''pusru-lueplcco aaq ,,nixog"q 6791 s.a3.roa53ut; edo.rdluoru EtO,,:uotJDJn 'ped' '(168I)Z8S:Z aprDn an?llr.ts(otgl)St ^oN lSOIl !d rIoD^ed'ozlun) (.r8'E) lord 'asnl (99 ernSIC) .Ig 11l{alec EIsrIu"g'9t '3uo snol 'Dpary)o 'g P\E ltaqTg 3uo1 'se^u?leJ 'rJBJ"l pu" 'eTqr esolc slrJo Jorllreu"ql qnrqs u:do erou e sr 11 - 3uo1ruut 1t-0t lpees 's"1itt1i,gerodnl,ilqlooiiri'.,(e:i'i.rrsiutu :8uol Luur E_1.r:luesard-ua11od grlll l4sld lqgl?rls -pEe. 'naollodeFd qllla :3rioi'riru 6 4 qirirl qtr.^r3uo1 ruru ItjE qlu?ued:sJo.trog sooJq"l8 sacuJcsarogursn6llpuod :3uo1 Luur €-T qleal q1L{ selllol e13^oqo-el"eunc:llq"q poqcucrq 'lcele s?q Dq0luuoLualDlsluog .,(1esr f,pedo raqler : sJelc".r"t{, ctlsou8elp 8ul$olloJ eql :epl '.ftenue1 f,peo 01 Jegopo poqad 8ultatttol! pa.{\( 'puelPoo,t-uedo\\ol uI sau rleuos .{losc '|ollqDH 'elna 'puelqnJr{s ur 'saprslllq pue suteld uo (el otr€lpue e1tz1:tnb) IIos ^)lcor LtI IIE1 'Y 'e1?e '(Hrxad 'A\sN 'x 'SNVJ) ol.zsl asnat's ,81.6I 'odroqlsue^Du 'Dsl '-6.16r'!el 'lw -q€li ^oN 8z Jo E rur t€ :(HrdEd 99!!ary!({,q 'uelle86'puolusac '3ul! :(Hrdad) vs g DuprDt 'sz6r loes lhl olppllI Jo to tiruuni.uoleqtsnf 'L96IllDplrtg /14'!uuv4 Y ) irrnluns:(HD{gO lSgZIaqMN X l1OtT }ttrodJo N (t!t) 9-I) all|JJI suolt)allorpaDal2s qsIpl 'ecuec '3uIt ot pue e8ueg odJoqlsue^"d eql ol pu€lul'urc1ed9H ol uerr?g'lhtr JooJd trqq€U aqt lsea '8rc) 'uo!fiq!4slo ts3iN ruo{ ls?oc qlnos eql r"ou :el".Ilsnv urelselA lsed\ q}nos 09 : (ues 'DeAJnCol 'o,roqrz s8ulrA :lulod re1,{1so1 peleaq ,{lpeorq a8prJ 8ul8u€rlJ3^o peu-elcrqt e lBq,roluos 'ezrs ;,tpoq ljloorus pue '1snqo: pun adeqs ul pJJs ol Jel\wls JotDtDdaS p""s lsrireSe 1eg 'eqol 'airsrir^ guruersitg pue 'Sururqs 'oplslro u,torq .4r?puoces 1e!,ueu,os 1ctlq 'epr.'lr.1lllp ruru,drord e 8ur,rea11L1ds ,(1djap o:iqt eprs J€1.{1so} pe^rl.Ic ruru S€-gt 3,uyd :8ur -uatirl3,{uqErts:u*o.,q >1Lu$'pc8prl ,{;relnSorlr puz {1lq3r1s'rJ\uoJoJEJ r:1no :3utoatsr13 '!loours'leH eJelJeuut :eso8nr ,{1tq8r1' pu? ePlsuluo pruolJlql ulSi?ul xrruSrls'irr,rq 'rpr'r '8uol LJobn:piLeiiocj tou r:tior {;tq-8r1s.1slqSterls sutBreuu^lerrl"i LUurtl-01 'bstq 'xJ^uoJ f-d ruru le elnce 01 esnlqo Jo anbrlqo ulSreut JJddn qlP{ elmunt dpoq 9I-ZI-:b;i 'rtts^oqo 'opft\ pers \\\n LI OV ,{lp"orq paas uele ruut Z + sdll :l?oq!"orq it:oqsuBrilreel turod.rr:1,{rs ruo.r.1 ttlds sJ\lr^:pJ\lnJaJ {1p-req'LuLu,gz ol'JlU qll\\.'{llPnsn Suruido seicllyd; iiug ernlns :peu:ileu + e8pu :?erE p:sodxa go Su ea,tr,{11enpz:3 srttq 'eso8nr 'olnlns w eqi 'asoruduirilJelns:iq dlesuep f,lqtoorus sp.r?.ttol pepunor ,(llueutuord 'r€lncrlc-luos 'q31q prin ^:al ri,,no1-urpectl-leg sa^l€A :ep-Lt uru 6.9-67 1"tq1 rnq Jler{ + 'lueunuold 'OZ '3uo1 ruui '8uo1qo-pepunol ,lroll uuld uI o1,dt sap! ol i"rrt dg-bZ ip-dqluerred 69 -:iusseru 'snolq"l3 'xed? say,tli pue pio aarsaon{ul esllr'leqlo r"orii."."a- 'euu 'l"ulluml ffi elns.rrri dpioqs ,{iero ::nb,r1qo lzq,tleuros -{JeA e^ooJ8 cl1"tu8Ps lnoqe 'xede 'es?q ::1rz5nnruF1:lnurLu 'asnlqo ]e pessalduoc pu? pe,tloJJeul"q,teluos l? polclJlsuoc f1jq3!ys'o1eie1-ruio;rsng '3uo1 ruu g:y roluaseJd-uellod:eseq l? s:Ieq pesselddt;,te; e.ldacxa w '3uol '8ulred4 siorriita 'rqare.rtsilrnn 'au6t ruru gE esnlqo ruru g'Z .(llqE{s It /lts.!d 'uru a'udtqo silots snbu,Bodtg olzpctde .(11roqs 9 .9 3o slueu?lu uo Suol lutu t + rnq -'snotqeyS'p€^JnJur 'pelee{ 'o1?^ogo sta4tuy- ^llqfl{s xod? ,{lluaututo:d ,(l,\|ojJeu dre^ Jo 'epl{\ 'ur:oJtTU Suolqo qullt :saprsqloq uo snorqslS olmb lxru 9.-g s,{{?15: slseqlu" eloJoq ^^oi"q+ 'ruru 'ueera qurri tia,e.ls qurq Supnlcur Suol ruru It 9€ qluolral ruiq r.i" i 1go '^\olle^-uouel :orriiserd-riottoo :arone,{ bled se1,{1sipeluecs-,{euog o1 ,lto11ef,aled stauolg

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Fignre66. Banlcsiacalefi. A Habit,1 5mtall. B Pendulousinflorescences. (Both W ofRavens- thorpe,W.A.). obtuse, shortly mucronate, 28 33 mm long, 10 13 mn wide; margins slightly recurved, each with 2 4 obliquely triangular obtuse but mucronate lobes 2-4 mm long; upper sur- face and midrib below loosely hirsute; lamina loosely woolly below; higher leavesscattered but crowded, up to 8 cm long, 18 mm wide, serrate almost to base, otherwise similar to first leaves; all tapering, sessile or very shortly petiolate. Seedlirg J/erl hirsute and tomentose. Mqture plant a shrub to 2 m without lignotuber, much-branched and bushy. Bark finely fissured, not friable, Erey. Brqnchlets somewhat angolar-striate, tonentose with short cuded hairs, pale brown, becoming glabrous after + 2 years; prophylls at base linear-terete, 3-5 mm long, tomentose. Leqves scaltered, narrowly cuneate, ttuncate, mucronate, 5-14 cm long, 13 24 mm wide, rather undulate; margins somewhat recurved, dentate-serrate except for I 3.5 cm from base, the lobes triangular, somewhat oblique, pungently acute, 1 5 mrn long; sinuses obliquely U-shaped 2-15 mm wide; lamina above tornentose and shortly hirsute becoming glabrous; tomentose below and hirsute on rnid- rib and rnain lateral nerves, becoming glabrous, woolly in lacunae; petiole 5-10 mm long, tomentose, Inforescence terminal to short lateral leafy branchlet from stems usually 3-5 years old, pendulous, broadly cylindrical or barrel-shaped, + 7 cm diam. at anthesis. lxrs 5-9 cm long, 8 l0 mm wide, 2325 mn wide with conmon bracts, bearing flowers throughout. Inyolucral bracts rathef sparse, linear-terete on somewhat thickened bases, 2 5 mm long, tomentose, brown, persistent until flowering. Sele Common bracts linear, f nod 7 mm 1ong, densely hirsute; exserted apex flat or slightly convex, very short, tomentose, Geot dark brown. Florul bracts similar but slightly shorter and narrower. Flowers cream al base grading through pink to deep red in upper half including limb; styles cream. Peri- HqL anth 30-33 mm long including limb of 8-9 mm, straight, not bent below limb before an- Eua glabrous thesis; claws filiform, 0.5 mm wide, on both sides; limb f oblong, slightly Flot thickened upwards with apex incurved, keeled, obtuse, glabrous. Anthers _[ 5 mrl long on filaments of 0'5 mm, apiculate. Hypogynous scalestriangular, obtuse, 0.5 mm long. flol Pistil 30-32 mm long, straight, glabrous except a few hairs at base; pollen-presenter6 mm flol long, fusiform-terete, somewhat narrowed towards base where slightly constricted, finely con ribbed, minutely mudcate; apex compressed,obtuse; stigmatic groove fine, slightly oblique; leat ovary shortly hirsute about apex, otherwise glabroLrs. Itrfructescerce rather massive; gro old perianths and styles persistent. Follicles tp to 25, prominent, in plan view elliptic- l1ler ovate, 35 40 mm long,22-25 mm high, 15 25 mm wide; valves _l semi-circular but curved to stylar side, convex, thick at base, slightly narrowed, then curved to suture, slightly rugose, densely tomentosei ridge rounded; suture fine; follicles opening usually with fire, hab 'selcqloJ Jaqloorus strrpue sol?ol olquap .{11ue8undoJorrl 'Je,ttoJreu 'Je8uo[ sll 'llq?q ,tqsnq 'papunoJ slr wr DuoluuoLual'B' uro{ sJeJrp s:rc:ds eql 'sJJ,\\oUpe:I sll soplsog '{ll 'ueoo pa, slo,rog aql s" qsrluro pu? llnp seuoceq 1r : lue(u -cI: -dolo^op pnq Suunp esuelul tsou sI lc?J uI r{luelJed eql Jo Jnoloc per eq1 1e,ne1puno:3 l? ldecyo qnrqs eql Jelue ol Sutldureut sl?rulu" ol .reIJJ"q" Sutqleruos epllold se^?ol 'pat?urTlod-prrq Jo eleluep f,l1ue8und oql erE sre,\\ou por 1"r{1fJool0 eql Jo uoltup€Jluoc sre,{\og ,{te t; slerdnsruru prus ,{q peleurllod -,{lqzqord ere ,40q1e:teq,tr e3€lloJ aql ulqtll.r tuu Jreqt I"ocuoc pue ,{qsng er" sqnJqs pepunor oql 1ue1d .rzpcelcads e lou sI sJe,\\ou per 6ur,Leqgo elrds ur lng oBu€J slr Jo qanru Je,\o uouruoc fll?col sr thpc tttstluog 'JOqureJJc 'por.ta,I 3ur ot JJqolJo alzl 3u aaro17 .{l1r 'sryotlD)nfl -u3 'ttt|lqDH eell?ru qt!\,{ll€nsn pu"lqnrqs uodo 11e1ur'sul€ld uo ul"ol ^pu?s ,{er8-etq,\\ uI -rta urr0r) se'u s.rz :(Hruso ."..,,,r,,r'(yE1u;iclt,fi?E"f,.fr,t"?5J,#,Lj$11]'iiliY## 'es(lDt ',S p.'096I ^oN leg rolrlorg uo uepro{ (ru)I selLu :(lgl^) u s 'elep ou 'elterlsnv /Z'peor'SNVJ '(lY) Jo ES'896I 8}) 'dnrSuld9.Ze //r,l{rrrtr tds :(A-I ;VLZ ,qqsY t,,I V ^oN ZI Jo .^t\S'suoura Q paQalas 'ses+

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'dnrSurd 01 puelul pu? re^rll 1s016eq1 ot Surtrll5 qlnos uro{ lsl?oc qlnos eql r?ou :?rl?JlsnY urolsela tse^\ qlros (r9 8rJ) uounqt4slQ 'pe^rnmJ 'e^oq" .{13uor1ss8ul^\ :turod r?lf,ts ol l?oq {rqt € e8pu 3u€uel{Ja^o 'pouelcrql '^poq 'es€q 'lsnqoJ'epl,\\ " qtl& paaslsure8e qloorus pu" l?U le asnlqo luul o€-qz '8uol 'el"Aoqo lrrru Zt-ot ,rolDtodag eqol osnlqo drepuooes 8un"el llis ^lpuotq alorl,u eprs re1.,(1sol pe^rna 'epl,{\ rutu 3ur,t :sruroplde qSnorql Sulldnto saEptr elnce Zt-gZ 'Ic"lq :eln8e:rr u,rorq-1cslq qlr,r u,'\\oJq ol€d 'xe^uoc ec"J .re1no!3utuo1s113 Leq,t\eluos -u,roJq 'qloolus 'l"U acp,Jrouul :pe8ul\\ ,{I,$.oJ.r€u'xe^uoc 'opnul pesrzr ut8ruru .reddn {J?p 'xa^uor 'epl{\ '8uol 'os?g :peau€g dl,$olr?u ,{llq?lls sul8leru l?rel?[ ulru LI-9I ruru gI-tI esnlqo '.leaunr . poq pees !8uoy wr flp€orq t/,ars' ue^o 'opl.\\ ruru 1" LV-EV'ot€^oqo 'uru Z-S.I sdll :I?oq leJel"l 3ur,tee1lurod r€lfls ruo{ llds so,\le^ :pe^rncer -,(lq8lts 0Z ol 'eBJooD ,rsr/rrB' S V 186I( 386 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981

The type collection was probably gathered by Baxter near rather than in the Stirling Range, since the speciesis unknown in the Range itself. Althotrgh Dlummond's collection4, 301, on rvhich Meissnerbased his vat. sitlLlose, is quite typical of the species,Drummond did in fact collectthe taxon describedbelow as B. aculeqta. He visitcd thc Stirlings briefly in nid-sumn.rer of 18434, for a longer stay in summer 1846-7,and again briefly in 1848 (Erickson, 1969).

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FiglneFigule 63. Brrkrrd aculeatu. Hololype, A. S. George11299 (PERTH). zl7. Banksia aculeata A. S. Gcorge, sp. nov. (FigLrres 68, 69 and 70) Bonksiacaleyi R.Br. afinis, a qua foliis angustioribuscanaliculatis lobis paucioribusmaioribus: perianthiislongioribus ad basinrubris sul|a cremeis;pistillisIongio bus;iblliculisaltjo|ibus, crassiorrbus Fi agqualitcrconvexis; seninis corpore in epidcrme exleriote lron eruptoj ct florescentiaseroiiniora, differt. dr- '( 'o8utU Sullrts qlog) ss.uocsotcnlJulsnoJnp V ld ']lq!.II -uodJo salcllloJuodo qll^\'org.{q pa II luelil g rrl r'I Y tpaq)D DleluDg OL eJnStg sn lle} :sr

'Ol19e:roeD'S '69 V uro4 u^\]r.ro ;x eruo.$tcn4ul DtDalllrnnquDg 3.ln8tg

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Related to R.Br. from which it differs in the narrower. canaliculate leaveswith.fewer, Iarger lobes; the longer perianths reddish at base,cream above; the ac longer pistils;.the taller, thicker, evenlyconvex follicles; the seedbody not ruptured on ic outer epidermis; and the later flowering period. at Type: E of Cranbrook on Chester Pass road, Western Australia, 20 March 1972, A. S. B. George11299. Holo: PERTH; iso: AD, BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH. SL Dertt)ation of name. From the Latin aculeatus, sharp, in reference to the pungent leaf looes, AI fo - _ Co\tledons (Fig- 8.41) broadly cuneate, 1l-12 mrn long, 19 mm wide, spreading, 6-7-nerved and faintly reticulate, dull dark green, sometimesreddish outside, upper margi-n convex; auricles f vertical, acute, 3 mm long. Hlpocotyl thick, glabrous, dark red. hi Seedling leaves first few not recorded; higher leaves f obovate-oblong, acute, 4-9 cm long,20 25 mm wide, coarsely serrate, the lobes pungently acute, the distal side convex Sr 3 6 mm long; sinusesV-shaped; margins flat. M-qturc plant a shrub to 2 m without lignotuber, much-branched ^ , and bushy. Bcrk pc finely fissured, not friable, grey. Branchlets ingular-terete, denselytomentose, ferruginous becoming grey. glabrous after 1-2 years; a few linear-terete prophylls near base, densely T. tomentose. Zeayes scattered, broadly linear to narrowly cuneate, pungently acute, 4-9 D cm long, 8-30 mm wide, usually canaliculate; margins flafor very slightl/recurved, serrate ty on each side u,jrh 3-10 rigid pungent lobes up to 1 cm long; iinuies up to 2 cm wide, broadly U-shaped but often angled at lower corner; upper surface of lamina and lower surtaceon nervesdensely tomentose C, and hirsute becomingglabrous; lower surfacewith m persistent white wool in the fine lacunae; lamina narrowed to petiole of 4-10 mm; new lea.vesferruginous.. Inflorescencesterminal to leafy branchlets lateral to stems 2-3 years old,_pendulous.cylindrical to barrel-shaped,8-9 cm diam. at anthesis. lxls 6 9 cm iong, 10-12 mm wide, 25-28 mrn wide with common bracts, bearing flowers throughout. Ii- tIl volucral br.tcts subulate on somewhat thickened bases, 5-10 mm long, tomirtose, per- Br sistent to flowering. Conmon brqcts narrowly cuneate, 8-9 mm long, densely hirsute; in exserted apices very short, rounded, densely tomentose, red-brown around margin, almost SC black in centre. Floral bracts similar but narrower and slightly shorter. Fi6wirs pink de at base.grading to cree-n including limb; styles crean. p-eriinth 30 43 mrn long, in- b5 to cluding limb of l0 12 mm, _straight;clawsfiliform, 0.5 mm wide at base,carinate,luite glabrous; limb narrowly oblong, slightly thickened upwards, prominently keeled,'the oI apex incurved, obtuse, glabrous. Anthers 6 mm long on filaments of 0.5 mm, apicul- UI ate. Hypogynousscales linear, acute,bilobed,3 mur long. pistil30-42 mmlong, straight, glabrous ; pollen-presenter6 8 mm long, linear-terete,fintly ribbed and minutel/muricite, 4t the apex. obtuse, co_mpressed;stigmatic groove terminal, very fine; ovary hiriute about apex, -otherwise--glabroLrs. Iftuckscence massive; old perianths and slyles persistent. (ll lglliclgs-up, to 20, prominent, in plan view broadly ellipiic, 30 45 mm long, iS-30 mm T; high, 20-25 mm wide; valves + semi-circuhr but enlarged slightly on stlyiar side, + (u evenly convex, very thick, somewhat rugose. closely tomentoi, dark brownish-giey; Pr ridge_rounded;suture finel follicles opening usually with fire, to 20 mm across;valvii Bc slightly recurved, split from stylar point leaving a beak: lips I . 5 2 mm wide, even. ,Seeds obovate, 40 50 m_mlong; seed body broadly iuneate, rounded at base, 10 12 mm long, l5-.18mm.wide. lareralmargins straight.narrouly uinged: upper margin rhickened CC or Innersrde. narrowly winged: inner Iace llar. smoorh or slighrllrugose, black, somewbat 1 glistening; ouler face convex, slightly wrinkled, pale brown bui dolted with iiny brown ec shining granules; wing 28-35 mm wide, the uppei part curved to stylar side wheri deeply split leaving secondary obtuse lobe. Separatoi.similar to seed in s'hapeand size, robusi, al flat and srnooth against seed body, thiclened above with an overhanging ridge-on each t', face, broadly beaked to stylar pointj wings recurved. ol ol Distribution. (Fig. 67) South West Western Australia: endemic to the Stirling Range. m Sclectedt_ollections. Wesiern Australia, J. Drummonds.n. (MEL); Cranbrook-Chesterpass road, 5 March sl- 1961.F. ,t/. Hunphrqt (PERTH);Between Yetemerup and Red cum pass,7Oct.1902, A, Moi.rison(E). Hqbitat. In gravelly sand in open to closed shrubland, on plains. br Floweritlg period. February to March. ''ru?l lJorls qlr,\\ olnsJlq pu€ osolueuol dlosuep p uJrul-t lstg rESlalq)uotg slocluol ll.loqlJ^\ ',(er? 'lioorus 'e^oq? peqcuuq -'sseq :i i1crq1ruru s-z ltog ru s-z fll"nsn 1nq ur 3 Surqceer ,tlloo.Io 1z pourrirels 1 ieqnlouBq " tnoqlltl eell ll€lus ro qnlqs " luDF atnlptll '$EJJr.s 'esoluoruol pu" alnsJlg dlesuapwaJs Sttlpaas 'esuop -repun eql uo loo,\\ eql ,{letcedse eJoru pu" JeSuol lnq se^Bal}sjg uI sE runluelu -nfur :pideqs-n .{1,to::eu sesnurs:3uol rru ol dn srqoL Jl"uo^rJnurfluoqs esnlqo S '3uo1 -lnq :efnt'ueirl ,{1in6i1qoolul qlrplur ol tsoruleprpr\P'rpt\ Luur7T uIc t o}^dn'01"^oqo 'opls '3uo1 q dl,itouair seieel ieddn iriiriSutr:r ^1,\\or.r"u soqol eqt qt"e poqol-Z-t ruru 11 ',tto1eq ',t\oleq 'l oi dn tnq J"Irurs so,\€ol t z lxeu :elrsses .(11oo,n,{lesool qlrpru uo pu" 'e^oq? qll{\ 6 elns.rry -{1esoo1''8uof eutuel :pe^Jnaer sul8r"lrl :3uol ruru €-Z seqot alnce J"eull elretii:1xade 5ql ruui ro elnc?'eurnnouI elluFgl"ds-r€oullz lsrg:suope u 71-g:esnlqo 'snolq?18'lclql '3uo1 q,{1oi e.toqr ,{ftlerpeutur pap.torc sarzal 3r41aas rulu 9'1 ruc 1 I p i Suol tuLu I asnrqo'lt2luo/rJotl salJrJn":ssJlJ\Jaur-'1ltql'e'reluoc 'epinr1(to.to,Jt(11 'gr,;t '?utpuJJs?'el '3rl ruut q-S utt!-b 8 E^oqo-Jlnau n J lZt S ) suopJlltoJ 'unpnu ortttJttld DtsluDg q uatuou'(6t8T)8t'9t-€€ s8g'tII qe]:Z cle le36^8a|lBu lueJuoxl' lzltu'ps s( ',.1081 '.IAhI 'Wg :osl caq d:o1tt,r:osqoeql J"ou .{llsl.edso .r[LoqJ?Hle-,{od- sseculJd :1 'yqg pir-"itg ft1-"aroig buix,, u.{org fq pel"touu? :(uesoqc eroq) olce'I ,,Cnn l9l) f :z:orirr 6itio.rosrdirec u-r-ipue1 sut,tril- : rlerlsne 9ro e?Ipu?lloH e?AoN uL, :uo1lnt1t adtl ul '1 Z8S:ZId ueg ^eU'ez1unt (rgU) oaup)o)D,llanulrls (018I) /02:0I uopso'I JoS'ut"', tu"'f6tt' 1I 'Jg'u '8t Ba[lJJot EI$Iu€g 'll 'serrssaq1 o1 enblun { 't1qeg sJol3"r"qc oslE er? salcllloJ 1lerus,(re.t eql pu€ se^?e[ p"o]g oq] peqcuerg fluado Jeql"J 'lcoJe aq7 'aotatpdg salJeseql uI osl" srncto Jell€l tl{l :JeAo ssoJc slseqlu? 01 -u roird soy,(1seq1'lo slred reddn erjr qcrq,{\ 01 uoulpp? uI's,llol erll Jo Sulc?ds repllt-aql .{q 'slseqlu€ nnilt:,oi 'g ui pisrseqdruo :eqtrng si lI 1e lueultuotd uetrJosr pue luetudolelep 1S( pn

c t i-{ lr -i -r-l c ,< \ '\J\ d ,f /'\ f _: - i l-.1 'o

-rts -lilr-i Ft+ I L- l d lii a tril li 1 ) Figure 71. Distributiott ol Banksiacoccinea. t 'sJJUJJSaJoUUI r1,4raqt ot 'awoalert:Pu ocuaregeru1 'Suuueq'l2t- xuns oqlpuE'e{Ids "'rrldr ulle"l eql uroJJ Jo uollDu'tdl r11rur5esolnuFls B\sryEg :sapads adtJ

,n) rcr 'etuotluroz{T onb(rnrorcl 'nrrrrur 'o,,un"r")L'ir1i'{i^ffj.tTlt:I}T'5^"1'!:'ft,fillltl: ?i;::; jar'i!rci elel pe rlsn8ue E'rPd: erellrJlre\'//oJ rrrer0 pe erBaiur.e5iroillo:rsntuebpuen6rld"er.re:ur1 'slrlqnlou8rlle\ sa7,itt3' lseluelsrsir uiau8i lne eetce;relurIuSl qe lne Q)oqtD la^ eurs [6'{ trrnr 'f"t'g €^ou seues'e3:oe9 '5 y eereipldS sstra5

.(serceds 6y) aDulDlqy puB '(sarceds '(selceds I) aoaplo,rpuottq ,) aota'ntds-setl€s aaJgl sul"ltloc uollcos oqJ, ',{llerJedsa qtnog aql ur 3u1le1ceds'roqr?llnN eq} ssorcefltpt:e;o lesuo egtr8uL{olJoJ tsel6 ':olserue 'piie e11z:1snyujoqtfros'sso:ct Srirpe:rds a1t1-aDulrtlDs€ uro{ .{p"e podole^.ep qqrqoias"udssq1'leledrseqsteju:rsarogutaql3o1u:u-tdo1:,rep-:q1'tgasllr,anu'gldec--1lls-Id -ij sircads11e u1 eql 01 xede pJIooU rql ,{q prsruSoc)r,{1rsee st uotlcaseq1 'elc-^oqo 'Suluedo ',\\oJl€u III"[sn suopa/P) JeU" {"eq l"]el3l 'slseqluE laow,\N\ sap! o! lau"-os Sutuleuer put; xede 13 polooq lll,tlJ l?ledlsBq rllensn ecuejderogurjo luourdoll,raq tunllrJrl:J luepr^J ]noglJ^\ asoluauol-ellq,t ,(lesolc 'pe^rntJJ qlr.^\ satoaT pasodxe Jr ec€JJnsJe,l{ol orll Jo Jlnloaer All"nsn sulb.rELueql '(oLgI) ZtS.g Ierlsnv I{ 'qtuaq s1;'{tsoruguottlc5 p€ pa 'suoIleln qr _[ eq} -dod lerares Jo uoqcnJlsep eq] o1 peT saq lwoluzuw) otoqyqdol{q4 Jo uollcnpor1ul q' 're,te,r,roq'ryed JouroJ eqtr uI luausStlu"ru elenbopc qll\\ e^I^lns 01 elq? 3q plnoqs tI sl l.ll eroq,r s{.rud l?ooll"N.le^Jd ple.ra8zlrqpue a8uel SuITrrlSJql-uI pe}uosardeJIIe,$ 1I -q 'suorrelnilod= uoLuuroJ,{11zco1 sr setcedseql ia:ei aunu;oj uei;o eBuer s1rlnoq8norgl -ul 'ee.rl ',{u"qlY 'lnq " JZISerJl qJEJt usuo J"eu ^qqnrqs SIS 'e8ue:o-ll?rrJs 'flllluotseloJo 'pue 'per ,{ll"nsr eJ? s1ue1doq; altd pJJ-JAu?lo deop o1 f,.re't lnoloa lnq lellecs f,11ecrd&e:e qctq,tr sJlfls eq] ruo{ dlelllu3 soluoc ecuecsoJoguleql Jo Jo re,\\ou eI{J 'ecuecsolcn.IJulpue ecueaselouul0rll ezls eql ul pu? sa^"el eql Jo lu"uluop 'selJasJo JI€ ezrs pue adzqs og1 ur uoll?Il"^ elq?leplsuoc sI eroqJ u,\\o sll uI poc?lo eloJeJoql sr puEsnuJ8 oqr ur sJ\tteleJJ"JIJ ou s"Llll snue8Jql ul lsell€LusJql eJEqJrq^\ solJllloJ rc1 'luJulLUoJd 'es JLl.lpu" sJa\\oUJo lueuuArlE l€JIlJe^ paJ?ds-llJ\\ " tlll,\\ eJuJJsajouurJq1 'si,tze1 peorq $oqs eql ,{q pesuelc".r?qo selceds e^lltullslp 2 sr Daup)o) Dlsluog 1et 'leqolco ()1 'pouad UI o] lsn8nv uro{ leed a qll,tl ,{lenu"f eurLl SLntatloll 'p€ 'o!tq[p!t! 'B 'DloutS)n!u PuED!DnaattD B un sn1dtlocttg qtl,"r pu?lpoo,t-uedo ,tlol uI s,trol8 1l FueqlY Jo ls€e-qgou pue e8ul;g 3u1pt15 'g 'Dwnuallo 'g '|ta$oq'g IBI i1 'slwtau DlLtaqwDTpue osopads se setcodsqcns q1L{\ aq1 'pu?s 'lotlcloH peleribsse puelqnJgs 1121.;olueuodutoc e se -,{11ensn ,{aJBJo ellq,& doep ul epl '896 'peor 'lel '(HJugd 'cv) r,,".,d ti N r roclureldes6z uI€LuetueredsE-edjo1Tu,e1:! 9I8z r196T reeN:(HJlIAdl:t:,!_,i::ti3,t3li! qu Sunoi lo,f.fLu)t 8 eJ:(HIUad) t\Ltl nuPD, F , reqolro€Z'unolecloH '968t Z9Z9 ',0,j6\rel^q (u't srlLLU sswlaH Y roquo^oN aatoigtg'f /l-s)te-oruel^I'9tblJo f 19) 'rSLLPU8€:(H-rdqd)-u 's.ed seA ',(uBqivI (HJdfO us'.taup.lo) t' J ,{rEnuPI9T SurFrlS sllol suolt)allo2PdtDlzS ol 'e8ue){ 3ur1.ll1gaqt Jo pue urelse,4\,ql 1" sl{llleJol puBIuI sJn '(acuu:adsE 'ql.i lsoru eqJ pue uno1edo11u5euleq) re.trg Suno1 eql o]^ ls€o pue e8u?d '"IT€.usnv uoltn(fttslo 3ur 8u[rns lql o] qlrou [uei11y ruo{ u]else/A lseid qrnos (L 8tJ) 'p"i .EPIS 'fpoq f,llt re1-{1suo s8uh\:ulq1 ,{le^tl€lal poes ol lxeu o^€tuoc,(1doap eseq '3u 11ds'u,'r\oJq{ltlp 'euitino 'e1c111o; :ai,r^ -ur'g ul poosol J?lIuIS .totDndas red pees 'lel 1'3uo1-uiur'11-1j 'pelilurr,n 'epllt '31€^oqo 'enbllqo eluie; 1 ,{11e:nJn:4ceyq qsrrilr'oiq uouo ruru 8-9 ^llq3}ls ,tlol 'eBroo0 I6€ ,?srylrB' S V 392 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

Shrubs or trees with or without lignotubers or fire-tolerant stems. ,Slelfls erect. t .Leayeswhorled to scattered, nauowly to broadly linear, sometimes narrowly elliptic, T entire to shortly dentate or pinnatifid, the margins revolute to recuwed. Inflorescence I cylindrical, usually 10-20 cm long. Follicles narrowly elljptic, sometimes oblong to t rnomDrc. c The series contains seven species,two in eastern Australia- B. ericifolia L.f. and f B. spinulosa Smith and five in the South West-.B. brotvnii Baxler ex R.Br., B. littorqlis S R.Br., B. occidentalrsR.Br., B. lrlcilryis Meissner and B. wrticillats R.Br. It thus provides s a link between east and west, which is clearly evident in B. spinulosa (especiallyvar. car- l, ninghamii) and B. occidentqlis. Bqnksia littorqlis and B. yerticillqtd are closely related T to B. occidentalis,but the other two species -8. ericiJblia and B. tricuspis are more dis- tinct. a n t L h h t t 1r o h c c c a 0 s fi o Figure 72. A Ba ksia spinulosa\ar. collina. Habit, 1'5 m tall showing severalstems arising lrom lignotuber (N of Kew, N.S.W.). B-8. spinulosayat. cutl i ghamii. Habit, + 6 m tall, showing tr single stem (SealersCove, Wilsons Promontory, Vic.). n 1 49. Banksiaspinulosa Smith (Figure72) SI Spec.Bot. New Holl. 13,tab. 4 (1 Oct. 1'793)-5 nuelleraspinulosa (Smith) Kuntze, Rev. Cen. Pl. b 2:582(1891). 2 Type citqtion: none given with the protologue. In the Preface to the work, Smith stated a "by that the figures were made from drawings John White Esq. Surgeon General to the 6 Colony (i.e. New South Wales), along with a most copious and finely-preservedcollection rl of dried specimens,with which the drawings have in every case been carefully compared." si "Banksia Lecto (here chosen): LINN (162.2), annotated by Smith spinulosa" "New South a Wales, Mr. White, 1793". The upper right-hand specimen is selectedas lectotype. Cotyledons (Fig. 9.a5) obovate, sometimes slightly oblique, not widely spreading, tr 8-10 mm long, 4 6 mm wide, convex, 3-nerved, bright green; auricles descending,acute, cl 2 mm long. Hypocotyl slender, pale red, glabrous. Seedling leaws scattered; the first fl 3-5 mm abovecotyledons, linear, 9 35 mm long,2 5 5 mm wide, sessile;margins slightly t( recurved, acutely serrate,sonetimes sparsely,the teeth 0 . 5 1 . 5 mm long, mucro upturned; a, upper surface and midrib below loosely hirsute with long white hairs but soon glabrous; lower surface white-woolly; higher leaves 2-12 cm long, up to I c111wide, almost flat, 4l acutely dentate almost to base; indr:mentum as in frst leaves. Seedling sterr loosely hirsute with white hairs becoming glabrous. Lignotuber beginning development within B a year in var. spinulosa and vat. collins. T Mqture pkmt a shrub either multi-stemmed with a lignotuber and up 10 3 m tall (var. spinulosa, var. collina) or single-stemmedwithout a lignotuber and up to 5 m tall (var. B cunninghamii). Bark 2-3 mm thick, smooth with lenticels or becoming somewhat tessel- T grey grey-brown. lated, or Branchlets whorled, f angular becoming terete, tomentose H '..Sf8l p:sllqJrnd 'ql^srol qraH puelloH 'euou ,\\eN,, leqsl peluud " puu eu?u sFIl qll,\\ pol?louu" sI ) 1? 100qsY :uo!lttl!) aa^J '(ft8l) ' g 8Ol :, (Z pa) llnJ 10{ srrlo):LLtn(l Dtolllcltuap 'ed, 'euou 1o1ce1se pelcaloseleq sr elt1d eq1 :ttotlo11tad{a 'I 'snoruduouv '(86/t) € ds:8I 8€l^llolcod IDN ,liu8olJ €r 'Y67 esolnulds'.re,r qlurs BsotnuldsBI$tu€{

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Slrub with lignotuber. Zeales narrowly linear; margins reYolute, usually finely serrateonly towardi apices,without prominent \enation. Brunchletutomentose, if hirsute, then the long hairs usually wearing of within a year. Distribution. (Fig. 73) New South Wales and Queensland, in several disjunct areas: North Queensland between Mossman and Ravenshoe; central east Queensland b€tween Coda Bav and Gladstone. with inland outliers on the Blackdown Tableland and south of Biloeli; south east Queensland near Gympie and Brisbane; New South Wales from about the Colo and Hawkesbury Rivers south almost to the Victorian border. Except for the outliers in central Queensland the variety is always within 100 km of the coast. Selectedcollections. QUEENSLAND: Eluma Ck. Rd.,ca. 4 km NE of Julatten,20 June1976, V K. Mori' drry 2099tORS)i WallumMt., w of Atherton,14 April 1975,A. S. Georye12976 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL. NSw, PERTH); Bytield,near Keppel Bay, 25 Sept.1931, C. T. l4/hite8194 (BRI); Blackdown Tableland,Sept. 1937, H, G. ^Smmot?r(BRl). NEW SOUTTIWALES: Cheltenham,30 JLtly1950, L. A. S. "/ortro, (NSW);Near Mt. Banks,Blue Mts, 9 June1974, l. ,S.Georye 11791 (CANB, NSW, PERTH); Lower slopes of Mt Budawang,about l0 rnjles (16km) ESEol Braidwood,Southern Tablelands, 28 Sept.1965, L. A. Crurcn574 (B, C, NBV); Jingamv Ck.,6 miles(10 km) N ofEden,1l June1960, .E. -F. CorrraDle (NSW). Hqbitat. ln sand, loam or clay-loam, often rocky (sandstone,sometimes granite) on flats or hillsides, sometimes seasonally damp, in open-forest and woodland. Occurs on both the coastal plain and adjacent mountains. Flowering period. April to July, sometimeslater. The typical variety of B. spinulosars recognisedby its lignotuberous habit and narrowll linear leaves that are shortly serrate towards the apices. It is usually 1-2 m tall but if not burnt can reach 3 m. The only difference from var. collinu $ n the leaves, but this is relatively consistent. From the Sydney region (where the type was collected) to the Victorian border the varietv is relativalv uniform, with some variation in the size of leaves, inflorescencesand folticles. Between Sydney and Newcastle there is a clinal change to var. collina (q.v.). In Queensland the variety is variable, usually having longer leaves that are not so.tightly rivolute. Intermediates with var. colliua are common in the South East, but there is no correlation with distribution. On the Atherton Tableland the plants tend to have a sparser indumentum, and the perianths are often deciduous from the infructescence within a few years.

498. Srnith var. collina (R.Br.) A. S. George, stat. et comb nov. (Fig- ure 72L) Basionym:Banlcsia collina R.Br., Trans.Linn. Soc.London, 10:204 (Feb l8l})-Sirmuellera collbg (R.Br.)Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 2: 582(1891). "In TrDe citqtion: Novae Hollandiae ori orientali; in collibus apricis prope littora. Brown collection; indeed, according Iiunter's River, (ubi v.v.)". I have not located a \ at BM he did not make one-"specirnina colligere neglexi". I there- to his manuscripts "Banksia fore select as neotype a specimen on a sheet at BM labelled by Brown collina prodr. Newcastle Mr. Caley:. The lower, right-hand specimen on this sheet is the neo- iype. Newcastle is at the mouth of the Hunter River' B. puetheri Reqel. lnd. Sem. Hort. Petrop.37 (1857). Tyie citation:ione given; apparentlybased on materialcultivated in Leningrad. The reotype,here "Banksia subtropicaoccidentalis" to nominated.is a sheefatK labelled GLrnlheriRegei "Berlinx t Australia whichhas been added "Gartenfl. l85S €ollinaR.Br." and Bot GardenJan 1884". Thisis the only sheetI haveseen with this nameand it agreeswith the plotologue. Slrruibwith lignotuber. Leatteslinear to narrowly obovate, flat with recurved margins, acutely serrate for most of length; lateral venation evident on both surfaces,at least when o eo. Distribution. (Fig. 73) Queensland and New South Wales; from Nambour, Q., south to the Hawkesburyfuver. N.S.W. '8 '( '( tl otttuDrJDut JE^ otrcftJttd g pffi '( blloJ!rya re^ ollor ra | \ lutDq8uluunyre\ I '1 l) 'Je^ 'fl Dsolnulds'g'( ^)D;I! ot'nn osoyilds g 1 ) DsoTulals btolnutds,,s Y,'g Jo uollnquislc eJnnIJ

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Selecteilcollections. QUEENSLAND: Carna on National Park, approx. 60 miles (100 km) W of N Di from Injune, 30 June 1965,G. fiapnell & K. Williams 129 (BRI); Ml. Tibrogargon, on lower slopes,23 lar l!1y 1974, F, D. Hock Tr'r(BRI); Chermside,about 5 miles(8 km) N of Brisbane,22 March 1953,R, Melville w 3415 & S. T. Blake (BRI, K, PERTH). Ri NEW SOUTH WALES: 8 krn from Boonoo Boonoo along track to Boonoo Boonoo Falls (C. 25 km N. NNW of Tenterfield,15 Sept. 1977,.L.Hacgi 1397(NSW, PERTH); BarcoongereState Forest,40 miles (70 km) SE. of Grafton, 30 April 1956,E. F. C.,/rtable (NSW); Port Macquarie, May 1915,I. H Maiden Sel (NSW); PacificH\ry., behveenMoonee Creek & Son'rersbyturnolT, N of Sydney,7 May 1975,A. S. George M( I]OOI(AD, BRI,CA\8, MfL, NS\^,PFR TH). NE Up Hobitqt. In sand, loam or shale, often over sandstone, in sclerophyllous open-forest and (Nl woodland, and in low coastal heath. Frt Flowering period. April to August. VI( 19i The yar. collina is distinguished from var. splnulosa by its broader leaves with re- curved (not revolute) margins that usually are seuate throughout. Sometimesthe margins 19( (e.g. 1397),and then the variety is distinguished from aat. cunning- are almost entire Haegi Ht presence a lignotuber, the evident leaf venation and the white ftarrii in N.S.W. by the of an of the leaves. Variation in flower colour is the same indumentum on the lower surface sol as that in var. spinulosa, i.e. both all-golden and golden with dark red or purple styles. Ftl Northern populations mostly have longer leaves than southern ones. In south-east Queensland there is an overlap in distribution with the northern populations of var. spinulosa. At the southern end of its range, neal the Hawkesbury Rivet, var. collina ok shows a sudden clinal change to \at. spinulosa. A representative collection is George US 13062,collected near Moonee Creek N of Sydney, which has narrow leaveswith recurved ou margins giving it an aspect intermediate between the two va eties. thr Occasionally the branchlets remain hirsute fot some time as in var. cunninghamii, du e.g. Wyong, G. Betche (NSW 138044). ho di1 A specimen of Boorman (NSW 138065) bears one of the earliest references by a collector to the lignotuberous habit-"as many as a dozen (stems) which all issue from SN the stool". flo Pa wi 49C. Banksia spinulosa Smith var. cunninghamii (Sieber ex Reichb.) A. S. George, stat. et conb. nov. (Figure 72B) ah BasionJm:Banksia cmni ghamiiSiebet cx Reichb.,Iconog. Bot. Exot. 58,t 8l (Jan.-Jun.1827). bu "sieber "Habitat ge TrDe citation: Flor. Nov, Holl. exsicc,no. 6." in montium coeruleotum wl di:ilivibus occidentalibus ptope montem York Floret a mense Augusto ad Octobrium "specimen usoue." The fieure is of a a cl. Siebero lectum". Seven sheets haYe been J, locited; that at k is selectedai lectotype. It is from the Hookerian herbarium and has pk a Sieber printed label. The other sheets (isotypes) are at AWH, B, BM, MEL, OXF, bu P and S. ar( nor-B. cunninghamiiSieber ex Spreng.,Linn. Syst, 16thed., Cur. post.47 (Jan.-June.1827), aI( necB. cunninghamiiSiebet ex Schulteset Schultesf., Linn. Mantissa3: 289(Jul -Dec. 1827). B.ledifoliaC||Jn. ex Meissnerin DC. Prodr.14:454 (Oct.1856). Nomen nudum, cited in synonymyunder B. c nninghamii. erl B.pionophlllaF. Muell., First Cen. Rep. Veg. Col 17(Oct.1853)nom nud et in Linnaea26: 353 (1853). an "Banksia TyDecitation: "Austratia felix". Lecto(here chosen): MEL, labelledby Mueller prionophylla f6i v Mueller. B. cunninghaii sieber? Austr.felix". thi " B. littoralisLindley", Index Kew. I: 271(1895). Thereference is to Bot Reg t. 1363(1830) where Lindley ba cited3. /ltroraisR.ir., bu1the plant figuled is B. splttulosarar ' c nninghamii.There ]s at BM a cultivated pe specimenfrom Kew correspondingto the plate. vel A shrub to 5 m withoui lignotuber, single-stemmed at base Branchlels usually lat verv hirsute. Leaves linear or broadly linear, the margins slightly recurved, sometimes Th closely and evenly tomentose, looiely revolute, acutely serrate to entire; lower surface th( pale brown, * nerveless. lt! '9 Jaqers'uorloelloc aIII?seql uo eruEu eql pes?q sroqtne 0arqr 'rZgT puoc3s eq1 ur perzedde uo4ecllqnd egJ '(6€81) IIV Jo Jl?q ,sollnqcs qcutorc,{q qc"quaqcreu se pelrc s",r rorltn" eqJ )ro,r\ s.qcegueqcre{ u?q} re}?[ 'Z 'run1[qe1e3e,r se,\\ tI 1"q1 seqdrur qcrq,r ,ZgI ^lnf-eunt ur pe,rer^eJ s€,r u"d y 1o,r ?urals,{Seqt Jo uortrpe s,yaSue:dgJo elunlo^ tu?^olar oqJ /ZgI aunf .{r€nuef poued .sepscep eql uI -{F€e ,{lq?qord s€,r eroJereqt Ig el?ld pu? ur peqsrtqnd s€,r IJo.r s,qc€q .to8uolds -ueqcrou trBrllpol"ts (t96I) reu"ls Iq uoD"cllqnd erll eroJeqpor?odd? sql legl '..qc?queqaro)I ,{leIJI sI lI ocurs xo .reqers,,llta'q8uruun Jo Joqln? eql se pesn e^?q I '(?qn"C) o8u?){ esnoH uoe8rd eql pu€ '8t0fl (6€0€I aS.roeg)uepurl r"eu dru?J slng 1r'3e'poprocol ueeq anq o11oJ!u.ra 'JaL 'g oryoJDr,la pue !!u02q8u!uurJ t€n uoo,rloq spuq,{rl l€lnl?u perunse:d 1ere,re5 'u,{\ou{ e.r? soqelrl]A oseql uae.qeq set?rpeuJelur oN uos,$e.l .sll?C ^olzlr{ 'E e 'crrlzdru,{s ere .re^ llutDqBatuuie Ja,^ puB Dsofalds sur?lunol l enlg eql ur senll?aol l?Jo^es trV 'llwDU8wuunJ're,r go eJ? lunltlolunpur pu" eql lnq 'osolnulds 1zord,{l lrqBq l€^ Jo lsotul? lcedsz eq1 ueql SurArAsur8reur eln1o,rere^?q osl" uego s1ueld s' ,(01091 ,trotuoruord srroslrl6 oqJ sen"el oJUuolsourl€ o^?q q3lq^\ rllr?Jql?C u '{eeJC ,41SN) t eIuelII 3e 'dro}uoruo.rd suoslri& ruoU suorlrolloJ pu" 'sa^"el sl?luop s"q qcrq,r u ',^dS 'uoslrlA 's1co11 '3 'uorl€srT"rauei u (86ZII ldSN) elq"lsuo] a N thtr seuu.,(rq e 'leqtlng slql tg suon"lndod l1e 1ou erueleJrp Jer0o ou sr eJeql lnq '{r FcrSoloqdtoru (.oll{qdouoltd s.roltentr{) ol€JJasel€ ?uotor1 tuo4 esoql elrq,r ernue elrnb to lsorul? 're,l al" leql se^eel e^"q sol?A\ qlnos ,reN^tuo{ lttuDqSuuaw ;o s1ue1dl€Joue8 uJ 'l' 'lllueJrncuos 13,\ou eeiql llv sorlarJ"A00Jql qlr^\ '((9I0€9I '"eJ? '{.r"d sol.eds euo se tr pr"8er I IXg) qterplrH T relsqel& )tooJqguuds l?uoll?N rJJe & 3 e) uregecun seurleutos sr uox?l eql sueurrads Suntn{ pu? Surre,rog Jo sls?q eql uo ocurs pu"'xeldwoa Dsofmds oq1 q1L{ fldd€ }ou op ?rJalrJcesoql aculs IU 'luJoJ 'lrn{ e J?el pu? lrq?q Jo secua.raJrpol uoqrpp? ur ^ll?nsn ro/pu€ sle,\\ou ur acueJegrp 'Je^e,roq lecBoloqdrour sI orerll ,{luo lcurlsrp ^ll€cgl'ods s" €ael polaprsuor e,\"g 'snueg Jr I 'rn oqtrlnoq8norql uorl"ue^ l€Jel?l tueplle lnoqlr^\ o3"Jlns lo,rol eql uo runlueutnp -uI u,\\olq eled esolc e a^sq se^eel eql pu" 'orun ouos roJ olnslrq ur€uer sleFlJu".rq eql 'Jall€l 'r?^ :rtr S ot dn r{cnur s,r,ro:3regel eqJ snoJeqnlouSll-LroulnuDq8uluunJ pu" stro pe -roqnlou8rl Suraqon11oc 'JEt puz Dsofwds'l?^ ,lrq€q eql .{q rueql e1e:edeso} .^s?o,{llensn sr 1I pleg eqt u1 sercedseql Jo serlou"^ ooJql Il" ur eru"s eql -,(llEurr^ er" qcrq,{ ,{3olo ou, -qdrou .J? lrn{ pue l€log erll Jo srs?q eql to osopulds Brqll\\ uox"l srql papnlcur a^?q I ',{lnf 'pouad 01 ILIdV Suuatolg ]sr 'Ios 'se etu (euolspues) ,{IcoJ ur sautl3uros :seprs tq uo ueljo ',{erolslepun Suoru€ puelpoo,{\ pu? 'pu?s ll"1 ':trrcol '|Dtlqog elli 1sero3-uedoro pesolc snoll,(qdolelcs ut ,{I1ensn pu? ureo1,(e1c uI -3u '(1gr{) u s ralarg 'elepou 'e,roHed€J :nEtN) sltlU 'H 'qeg 'puElsddr 'roluLunrc ".{r,\H S 'teluJ t'9961 suri 0Z C lsEarp.J II I rBou serulrAJo S (urI 9. I) elrurI uDiul^ ot peou :(Eluad',,t\SN'I '62-€e8I',toluourord suostr/ :(HJXgd ''IEW)Zggtt a3.!oaD'S ls8uouepuBcIS))atxDg'turod lLt t,'tL6I II'ICIVZZ spoolA01 pEoruo uo nqrelAJo gN (rul 9Z)salur 8l = :VIUOJJIA (Hruad.,rsN)er.sIa,toa,s.v,sL6t Ae,N€,$fdl {:"?il#.fiiis;f";,?fjt^*i:J,iL;$?t"{iii'ifl 861 ELUrtsLuV 8nV 'tsrroJ et€ts xog '...{er'qirH Je^e{ s8urls€H,,'rr^ru soqroJ recldn pur /' .61 0Z tt{ '3urule,!\ 'tI{ '4ruLuns rql Jo Eurs

but vr'it mn lon up\ tol 1r VCI cul jr,s ov( of for an( pla

sid veI Figjne74. Banksiaericifolia var. macraltha. A Habit, 3 m tall (noteplarlt ol B. obtollgifoliair]' front). B Bark. (Bothnear Byron Bay, N.S.W.). lnI 50. L.f. (Figure 74) se€ Suppl.1r(Ocl. U8l) (aseticaefolia)-Sit muellera eticilolia \L.f .)Kunrze, Rcv. cen. Pl. : 582(19S 1)- lsost),lisericifolia rL.f.) Britten. lllusrf. Pl. Cook's\oy. l: 8J (1q05). "Habitqt shi Type citation: rn Nova Hollandia. J. Benks." Lecto (here chosen): LINN "New brr (sheet 162.1) labelled by J. Smith Holland Bqnks. Herb. Linn. fil. Banksia pa (sic)Linn. E, ericifolia sLrppl." lso: NSW, US. 10 B. phyliuleJbliaSalisb., Prodr. 51 (1796),nom. illeg., suped. Type:as for B. ericifoliaL.f. ba Cotlledons (Fig. 9.46) narrowly obovate to oblong, 12-16 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, slr l erect, faintly nerved, bright green; auricles descending-spreading, acute, 0.5-1.5 mm long. Hypocotyl 1 cm long, slender, glabrous or loosely pilose, pale pinkish-green. rts Seedling leaves opposite to subopposite for several pairs, then scatiered, the firsl 2 3 wi mm above cotyledons, then ;[ crowded; nrst leaves 10-12 mm long, sessile,semi-amplexi- caul, linear but widening at base, truncate, shortly mucronate and with one or several pir short mucronate lobes on the upper margins; margins loosely revolute; lamina sparsely dir hirsute above but soon glabrous, densely white-pubescent below with cdsped matted hairs, midrib sparsely hirsute but soon glabrous. Upper seedling leaves nairower, not 50 amplexicaul, the margins more tightly revolute. Mature plctnt a shrub or small tree to 6 m, without lignotuber, single-stemned at Pi. base, much-branched above, forrning a dense, often rounded shrub but sometimes open. the branchlets erect or ascending,foliage dark green. Bq* at first smooth with lentiaels, D, rich brown; lenticels becoming larger and corky and the bark then grey or grey-brown, Di 4-5 mm thick on mature stems. Zs4yeJ scattered, crowded, erect br gently iecurved, linear, 9-20 mm long, 0.75 1 mm wide, truncate to emarginate, shortly mucronate, the ,se mucro often recurved; a mucronate tooth up to 1 mm long on each side of apex; petiolc To 1-2 mm long; margins closely revolute, midrib evident in groove below; upper surface Ge when young sparsely hirsute especially along midrib with straight hairs, soon glabrous; \ar D. concealed lower surface of lamina densely tomentose with crisped hairs, midrib hirsute J. becomirg glabrous; petiole pubescent. Inflorescenceat apex of a usually 1-3 year old branchlet, with a whorl of lateral branchlets below. Lrls 722 cm long, 3 4 mh wide; H, 12-15 mm wide with common bracts; lowernost 1 1 5 cm of axis without flowers. It- of volucrul bracts narrowly subulate, 2-10 mm long on broad bases, erect to squarrose, oI finely pubescent with short straight hairs. Common bracts broadly cuneate, Z-5 mm va long, 3-4.5 mm wide, densely silky; exserted apex upturned, obtuse, striate, appressed- FL pubescent with translucent hairs, pale green when fresh. Floral Drccrs similar to bracts 'lsn8nv s 01 ludv fluYIN polJad 8a!.ta ol! 'ru ol dn sepnllllE popJooel:$c"ld ddu?,\\s-lruesuI .f,ll"uols?tco:s,{ell?^ I 001 I w 'pu"tpoo^\ ur pue se8-piiiro qtoq 'suoliintls iuituoru uI osl" Jott€l eql pue-lseJoJ uado ur oip 'qtuequedo .to qnrcsuedo 'pu"lqnrqs lueuodruoce ua13o sriojlrqoordlis inq 11e1.1o'pu€s ':toJ!E)H .rzeuleuolspues JeAo pu?s ,\\olleqsuI lo 'ruzo1,{pues deepvI tsedb 6qr p 't96t '.rerntpuactred e ,{eNzz',{Eg sr^rel ]urodpue q.Bog iuorprr", """^r""- t,^a(]i$', i;tillrig"f I '6ioi 'ere,r.s

WI; t ; li| '' '-il::l:lrl::::: i ! i;-,:'.'.".""" [-: :]l I f, Figrtrc75, Btll^ia eicifottuv^r. macrantha.lsoL"-pe, A. S. ceorgc130ll (PERTH). 11 I 50B. Banksiaericifolia L.f. var. macranthaA. S. Geolgc, var. nov. (Fjgures71 and 75) r/:!],/l,f;ilX;'ffll",jlliyil" I (raro2 ) .tentate.Pelian ti tt?26 28 nm, ronsum; rimbus 3; n-,,?"1: | "Coasi Type: ! 3 krn NW of Byron Bay or road to to Coast" notel, Nerv South Wales. I :: 28 April 1975,A. S. George13011. Holo: NSW; iso: CANB,PERTH (2 sheets). tt I I 'e^oq? :elnsrq qlrpru eqt qtr.aA,{\oleqesoluoruol-ellq^\ elnsJlq ?ullx?l : pe^rncer ,{llq8[s '8uol 'soqol surBreur!pe,r.rncer o1 Sulpeo:ds,(lepl\\'epl\\ ulru /-9 lutu tI-tI elnc? JelnAU? 'suopal,{loc 'eitsoddo -p1 dlenbqqo otur popr^rp ,{tdeop lnq Suolqo :F o^oq€ urrr t1-61 'pat 'e1ns:tq '3uo1 'lnols Z $Jg sa^Dal8u!ryaas deep ,,(yasreds tuur g[ ,{1e1e:opot.t.tltf;oro 'avol 'elnc? 'l"luozuoq 'e^ecuoc 'epl'r\ -d(H IIIru Z + selsr.rn?:I]oeJB urnlpeut luur 0I-6 'peurnldn 'ate,rogo '3uol lulrr gl-ZI ueuo serld" qll\\ Sulp€olds (g7 6 Er7) suopa1trc3 ') '(lrn{ Surpnlcul) 1r1g: os1 ',,.relxeg '"d'I'lddns ruIN'Jtrr'{6Z8l p[nos s,e3;oe98ut; ruor; pu€IIII lloH AoN Jold 'I,{g 'rpoJd rru,rorg ?rs{rrEg,, u.rorg fq poleq€l leegs E : (uosoqc eJe\l) otxe'L,la|xDg 'pu3[r'plcco 'Cr '6ZgI 'p[nos s,e8rooC 8uI) edord truoru 0130] ErO,, :uouD]D adtJ '..(rerlxeg)leu^\oJ{,, '3z1un) 'lold se-(I68I) Z8S:Z Td u.D ^oU ( rg }I xerclxeg) llu,trolq D.taIal1u)ts-l0t8l) /t ^oN 'Jg 'IS (91 e;n8rg) U xo Jelxug IIU&orq Bls{uttr

'(Vl 'Ioo.rqllrl^I 'llu,ro.Iq 'g1arn8rg qtog) )reg g IIeltug=']lqEH V olepDg

'stueld perroloc leru:ou Suorut punoJ-(tzltq nASN) 'y '61.61'tdes 'sou"rD 'sIo.{\oB t.tnqwg € Jo A etq,r Suteq runlueurnpul eql al?d .,tJo^ qtr,\\ uorlcalloc euo sr e.reql lunluel[npul snout8n]]eJ t o1 .{pred enp 'peJnoloc ,{ldeep erour uouo or" sJe,rou e\l pvz'tilloJDlra J?^ esogl ueql pep,roJc eJou pu" re,{oJ.ruu '.r"^ Jo ate Dqiao.DrlLLr Jo se,\uelJql ,^ltl]nsn aloltJlJa ]E^ Jo q]JJ] 9 Z eql 01 lspJluoc ur 'aprs qc€e uo qleel o,\\] Ilo.IeJ ro ouo ,{ll"nsn e^ErI pelJesqo l€J os s" se^BelSulTpees eqJ 's.re^^.og .re8;eyslr Jo srs€qeql uo ,{Fr"ru olloJitua :et ruo{ pel?l?des sl{trer.r?n.srqJ 'lsn8nv 'poLtal ol ltdy 8nn$ol4 'rca ouoltEuolqo qlr^\ pel"rcosse eq fEru :uouruoc ueuo :pu?lqnJqs pue qnJcs B. 'du"p 'pu€s Il31 'lDilqDH uodo Jo luouodrxoc € s" dll?uos"es pue 8ur,{l-,\\ol uouo daep uI 't89t 'aI^\BH '7'I '6061 '( {'TAI^{) u s tlnen! J oduJ :Cl|S N) u s uDttuoog 8nV U Ieolcel,^{ qlnour),{Eg al(lDtsuoJ gE|losuqof'S'V eunlZI'pteH xorue'I Jo lur.rl:(A\SN) 'i961J 'Lleqlrlnllr,{\rnlN7'L96l 'Jll.sFurt 'suaa.a Jo /\\N (rd{ Z) selrur1nf :(.{SN) t|s lpplZ 1 ^oN reeu b papaps 'puetsueonOruo4 suorloelloc ou e.r" ejeql €Jcnqru€N pu€ uou?]C uee,rleq luesge ,{11uor€dd?lnq'uou?Jg r"eu ot q?qunllr,rJnt! uro{ 'ts?oc qtrou :sel"l qtnos aeN (E, BrJ) 'Llounqu$lo '8uol urrrr 'olnsrq qrurl 'ur8J€ur 8f9, Ilsld :Euol urlrl gZ-gZ Utw!.rad qc?o uo qloel (Z tprer) I q\t\ satDal Smlpaas 'e8looC t0t ,/sZr./rB. S V 402 NuytsiaVol.3 (3) 1981 next 2leaves + alternate, otherwise similar to first 2; upper leaves again opposite; after 4-8 leaves the lobes narrow and crowded as in adult leaves. Seedling stem sparcely hirsute at base, more densely above, red. Mqture plant an erect, bushy shrub to 4 m, occasionally in sheltered gullies a small tree to 6 m, without lignotuber. Bar,t i thin, smooth with lenticels,grey-brown. Branch- /els slender, obscurely ribbed, closely pubescent with pale brown curled hairs, becoming glabrous after 2 3 years; a few subulate tomentose bracts on lower 2-4 cm of branchlet. Zerzres usually whorled, a few sometimes scattered, rather soft, broadly linear-oblong, 3-11 crn long, 5-12 mm wide, retuse with short obtuse tomentose mucro, divided almost to midrib into many (up to 70) linear-falcate lobes; lobes tapering, obtuse, not imbricate at base; sinusesvery narrowly V-shaped; margins revolute but not concealing under surface; upper surface sparsely pubescent with crisped hairs, becoming glabrous; lower r surface with midrib densely pubescent becoming glabrous, the lamina white-woolly; midrib of each lobe + glabrous near main ads of leaf; petiole 2 5 mm long, pubescent. Inforescence terminal to a l-2 year old branchlet, with a whorl of lateral branchlets below, partially concealed;8-10 cm diam. at anthesis. Axis 6 19 cm long, 4 5 nim wide, 16 17 mm wide with common bracts, without flowers for :l_ 1 cm at base and for a few mm at apex- Intolucral ,r'4cls numerous, subulate-tereteon thick bases, 5-18 mm long, closely pubescent, grey and brown. Common brqcts narrowly cuneate, 6-7 mm long densely Fir hirsute, ferruginous; exserted apex conical but compressed,obtuse, somewhat upturned, closely pubescent. Floral bracts similar but narrower with a lessprominent ape*. Flotyers cream at base,pale brown above, with grey or grey-brown limb; style cream at base,metallic m red aboye with pale yellow apex; old flowers changing quickly to pale brown throughor.rt. tt? Perianth 27-31 mm long including limb of 3 mm, straight with limb sharply downturned th before anthesis;claws filiform, 0.5 0.6 mm wide at base,tapering, hirsute outside,glab- sc rous inside in lower half, hirsute along margins in upper half; limb fusiform, obtuse or acute, hirsute outside, more densely towards apex. Anthers I lrm long on filaments of at 1 mm, shortly apiculate. Hypogynous ,scalesoblong, truncate, 0.7-0.8 mm long, free. 111 Pistil 41 50 mm long (base to bend), slightly curved with apex sharply incurved through !l f 180', glabrous; pollen-presenternarrowly ovoid, t 0.3 mm long; apex obtusewith stigmatic groove oblique on inside of style curve, pale, a reddish-brown band below ex- cept for a gap below the stigmatic groove; ovary pubescentin upper half with ferruginous hairs. Infructescerce stout, 4.5 5 cm diam.; old perianths and styles persistent but gradually breaking away; involucral bracts persjstent. Follicles tp to 60, rather con- cealed,in plan view narrowly elliptic to linear, 17-25 mn long, 5-10 mm high, 4-7 mm wide; valves semi-elliptic, gently convex, slightly rugose, densely pubescent; ridge very narrow; suturefine; foliiclesusually openingwith fire, to 18 mm across,valves somewhat recurved; lips 3 3 . 5 mm wide, broadeningto 5 mm at ends. Seedobovate, 19 20 mm long; seedbody + cuneate,8 9 mm long, 5 6 mm wide, distal margin oblique, lateral margins slightly convex, obtuse at base, not winged; inner face very convex, with a few irregular ridges, black with some grey, glistening; outer surface slightly convex, inegularly ridged, dark brown; wing 9-11 mm wide, t even, dark brown. Separutor oboyate- cuneateagainst seedbody, sharply ridged above but not swollen; wings recuNed; not beaked. Distributiotl. (Fig. 77) South West Western Australia: restricted to the area from Albany to the Stirling Range. Se-lectedcollections. Foothills, Mt. Trio (StirlingRa geJ,22 July 1952,N. H. Specks.rr. (CANB); Summit of_BluffKnoll, 9 Oct. 1978,K F. Ken rally 69Jl (PERTH);Near Mjtlbrook, + 30 km N of Albany. 1-I.l\ne1211,4 f : Georse14584 (CANB, K, NSW,PERTH); 10miles (t6 km) N of Albany,3l Marah 1917.F. M. C.,Scl'octaPERTH). i. Habitqt. IL shallow sand over lateritein low open-woodland,in shalein gulliesin wood- land; and in rocky soil among low heath on mountains. F Flowering period. May to July. (I '( V nA llo'{\od qe'I Jo g qtog) 'llq?H-V ernat{ .Ireg-g o1pulqeq) slrrdrt g q]!^\ (Ual)IIe] tll € sllnlaaptctoDlstluDtl 8L (tq8lr -p(

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'( 'g trorlnqulslcJ 'l.l ernSlC L ) sapn\)uDltp pnt (.) ) 1 lao1q Dtslu'€' Jo .{[es ,{tes let l. I LI_ -riri 'lue +1-r :r[, {!o|3ssns i (rnqunai Je.|d. 7.-'- i' Japl I I e]€a f !!lu:]ll-- ol 1 t"o '3uc iir I i-'Ll-* .-i 'lelr \ 3un .+' ii -q)L I-i II"U 1r.-r\ .Lr-i o6i-64-6 I i I i i\,\1"'""i .,(1es Lr++rlt\1 Jeur

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52. Banksiaoccidentalis R.Br. (Figure78) Sr Trans-Linn. Soc.London l0: 172(Feb. l8l0) Sinnuelleruoccilentalis (R.Bt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. ol Pl.2:582 (1891). fa "In m Type citation: Novae Hollandiae ora australi; Lewins Land: in ericetis.(ubi v.v.),,. sh Lecto (here chosen): BM, annotated by Robert Brown with the locality "King George South Between Princess Royal Harbour and the lake towards Cape How"; an additional D "Dec. note givesthe date 24 1801". Iso: BM, K. th Cotyledons (Fig. 9.47) obovate, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, widely spreading, upper margin slightly oblique, f nerveless; margin red; auricles spreading, obtuse, I mm long. Hypocotyl slender,glabrous, red. Seedling/eales opposite;first two 3-5 mmabove cotyl- edons,horizontal, oblong but tapering,obtuse, T-ll mm long,3 mm wide, very shortly dentate in upper 1/2, sessile, almost auriculate; upper surface glabrous, lower white- tomentose; higher leaves at nodes, 10-25 mm apart broadly linear, acute to truncate, mucronate, 2 4 cm long, 3 4 mm wide, sessile; margins + flat, shortly serrate; upper surface loosely appressed-pubescentbecoming glabrous; lower surface densely white- woolly, the midrib appressed-pubescentbecoming gla"btoos Seeclling stem arrg\tlat, appressed-pubescentbecoming glabrous, reddish. Mature plant a shrub or small tree to 7 m, without a lignotuber, l-stemmed at base. Bark lhin, remaining -L smooth, with prominent lenticels, brown or grey-brown. Branch- /els whorled, slender, angular, pubescent,becoming terete and glabrous. Zeayesin whorls of up to 12, the whorls widely spaced in the lower part of the branchlets, more crowded towards apices; lamina narrowly linear to linear, truncate, mucronate, 4-13 cm long, 2 3 mm wide (to 6 mm in one coastalpopulation) ; petiole I 5 mm long;margins recurved to revolute, sparselyserrate, rarely entire except for l-2 teeth near apex; teeth up to 1 mm long with rigid, acute apices directed outwards or forwards; upper surface of lamina and midrib below when young appressed-pubescentwith straight hairs, soon glabrous; lower surface densely white-matted, obscuring nervation. Ix;t'lorescenceterminating a usually 2y' year old branchlet, subtended by up to 8 branchlets and a whorl of leaves; occasionally on older stems. Axis 4-14 cm long, 3 mm wide, 10-11 mm wide including common bracts, the lowest 5-10 mm and the apex without flowers. Involuual bracts & with swollen, triangular bases, the inner ones produced jnto ne filiform apices, the whole S( 2-12 mm 1ong, densely tomentose with both crisped and straight hairs, persistent. Cofl- mon bracts narrowly cuneate, 4 5 mm long, densely ferruginous-hirsute; the hairs becom- N 29 ing crisped, shorter and white towards apex; exserted apex obtuse, striate, glabrous, up- turned, green. Floral brqcts similar but shorter and narrower, the apex more rounded, h not upturned. Flowers in bud bright green, becoming yellow-gold at anthesis; style u cream at base, meta-llic,shining red above, pollen-presenter cream. perianth 17 l8 mm al long including lirnb of 3-3 5 mm; claws gently down-curved; limb erect at first, sharply d downturned before anthesisand remainingthus; claws filiform, 0.3 mm wide near bise F narrowing 10 0.1 mm wide, appressed-pubescentoutside, glabrous inside about ovary, II densely pubescent above with straight hairs, then almost glabrous except the margini, sparsely pubescent in upper part; limb narrowly fusiform, obtuse, appressed-pubesient outside, glabrous inside. Anthers 3 m[r long, shortly apiculate, on filaments + 2 mm cl long. Pistil 29-35 mm long unstraightened, _[ 33 39 mlr when straightened, + straight p in lower half, strongly recurved below apex through + 180., glabrous; pollen-presenter D slightly thickened, ovoid, + 0 3 mm long, brown; stigmatic groove oblique; ovary I 1 m long, glabrous except for a few hairs at apex. Hypog)nous Jcalesnarowly triangular, TI obtuse, entire, I mm long. Infructesc:encecylindrical, 3.5 4 cm wide including follicles; the styles and perianths persistent for many years- Follicles up to 60, sometimes more, 10-18 mm long,4,7 mm high, 3 7 mm wide; valvesdepressed semi-circular with a trars- 1e verse shoulder or ridge, denselyhirsute, the exposedparts becoming glabrous; ridge .5-2.5 obtuse;suture fine; folliclesopening 5-8 mm; lip 1 mm wide, broadestat the sidg$. a: 'Dlpaa B pue srpuD.tS'€.Jo slu€rre^ r?Illuls qtrIA suodd€q s" 'ls€oJ oq1uro{ .{?,r? slsrsJadlJ Jr ur?lroJs" o1 u,nor3 ueeq 1e,{}ou e^?q .{ueSoJd:uorlE ?A slql esn"c ,{lquqord spur,t o:oqsuo luenbeJC epltt ruur 9 y pue 3uo1 uur g € so^"el rzeuq flpeorq e^"9 puB II"l e.rlau € ,{luo eJ? slo?ld eql e.re11 e8ut: sll Jo pue uJelse,\\ er{l spJ€,trol uorlelndod l"trs"oc € JoJ ldeaxo u.r.roJlun^leclSoloqd]oru sI selcodseqJ 'IIe 1" oUOUles SoCUeCSaJOUUT fu?ur q8noql 'JgrloJd ,(Jrr",Jsr uorlcnpord pees pes"eleJor? sel,&speJ luBllluq eql uoq,t 'srseqlu" snoncrdsuocursr:noloc sql lnq l" plo8 el"d Sunuo$q'uooJ8 ol€ spnq SuIdole^oq ',{:en.Iqeg-trrenue1 ut lzed e qll^\ sqluou l?Jo^es re^o sscuoosaJouul{u?ur ecnpoJd ,{lt?nsn slu?td oql 'selcrJloJ,rojr?u pu? f se1.,(1spor repuels :sglu"ued luesseqnd .{tosolc 'nnou"u :se^?el r?ouJl,{l,roJ.r"u 'peFoq,t s1tf,q pesruSocaloq [ean slloluapwo vlslurtg 'requeldes 01 ,{InI ldeixe sqluou.I 'qtr?I IIe ul papJocoJ ueaq e^?q sJo,\\ou tnq { otr Jequase( f,1u1e1,1pottad 3u4ano1g 'pu"lquqs ll?1 ul seunp pu?s pal"prTosuocuo uogo acuaadsg g :tsuoc eql uo so8€doosur ql?eq d\ol ul ,{ll? 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Bqnksiqoccidentahs is clearly related to the easternspecies B. spinulosaSmith, es- T. peciallyits var.canninghamii(Sieber exReichb.) A. S.George. The latterdiffersinanumber (u of respectssuch as scatteredbroadly linear leaves,hirsute branchlets,larger flowersand li1 broader fruits. It also occupiesa differenthabitat, in sandyloam or on sandstonein D forest. The link betweenthe two, however,is strongerthan that betweenany species of the Orthostylis,the only other seriesrepresented in both South Westernand Eastern Australia. lll h h, o d b a 7 n li

s1 e k I a ff a a t I

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Figure 80. A and B-Banksia littorclis yat. littotulis, A Habit, 12mtall. B Bark. (Both Mandoga- lup, W.A.). C and D B. littotulis \ar. seminuda. C-Habit, + 16 m tall, and D-Bark (Both Tone R., W.A.). I

53. Banksialittoralis R.Br. (Figure 80)

Trans.Linn. Soc.London 10:204(Feb. 1810)-Sirmuelleralittoralis (1tolars) (R.Br.) Kuntze, Rev. Cen. Pl. 2: 582(1891). a

selcllloJ:eug f,Jo^ornlns :etrc€ l: e8pu i,(er8{rep :snoJq?I8tururo33q susd posodxe'eso 'qloouls 'oseq 'al}dlla-Mes fueruot flasolc esl^\Jeqlo e,toqepoSprr ,{lesre,tsut;:1uo13o sa^l?A 'qgFI '8uo[ '.IldITIe r?3ull ^lpsoJq ''\\el^ :epr,r ruul 8-t ruur 8-9.2 urru ZZ II .{l,\\orr"u ol uuld ut 'u"do ujq^ ot ".to- 3ut:eeddz pu? pop,ltols seulleuos lnq pJJ?ds-lle^\ '{llenstr ',{ol3 'pe}?Jnpul 'pe8l?lu3 '002 ol dn sa7c111og slc?lq IsJoU pu" uoLuruoJ :snonprJ T 'esnlqo 'Suolqo -ip-,{1.n" sro^og-plo :1no1s,{1e1erepo w unsapn'{q 3uo1 ruut I + -:u"ui1 "r1rr" snctukaoatg xede gnoqt sleq snoutSnr.reiuoqs,\\eJ e ;o3 ldecxe snorqelS 'esnlqo fre,ro ienbyyqo 'lletus o^oolS clleur8lls if:p uerJ^\ pol]ull,\\ {1lq31s ro r{loolus '.09I-.08 '8uol luru g.0 'plo^o ,(I,tor:Ieureluese.rd-uellod :snorq"l8 q8norql pe,r:nc t.0 '8uol uru 0I 9 lBcrd€ eqt qlr,\\'dn uoql u,ttop ,{11ue8pe^rtc rutu 8t 6z lllsld e$V].xIdE snorqulS ,tproqi ruur i4.6.yo rluettnlg uo 3uo1 ulu I T snqlak' lueuluord quptru eql ueqttr'(Dpnw*ras le^ ut) es?q 1? soluqeLuosldecxa snorqtlS Jo (sllDloltll lB,\ ul) lueJ 'tuloJlslu -seqnd-passe;dde'elnc" lsorul€ o] Jlldtllo qlull :slseqlu".reu" elnlo^ul s,t"lc :qu 'os€q -prur snorqelS= qlr,{ e^oq" luecsoqnd snoJq€I8e^oq€ esoluaulol ^lesuepepISuI 'esJorler 'sp.l€,udn ueuo sJt?q lse,{\ol eql ql!^\ eplslno luecseqnd-pesserdd€ Slruedtl'epl'\\ luru g .0 :l s,rela :spl€,,!\u,\\oplo splB,$dn pou.ml ^ld.leqs sI q5lq,\\ qlulT ldecxo lq8terls 'rrrur e S.Z go qur11Surpnlcur 3llol ulru Lz OZ qluD!,Qd jltq reddn ut'DPnulLu)s'rv{ ',uo11e,{ uI pe: doop serurteuros !1irq Je,trol uI Lu€aJtsel,(1s :plo8 aled o} ,to11o,{s'ia,tio7g 'Jo,\\oJ.r€u 'lq8r"Jls 'll"trls xede pegesxe eql lnq J€IIIIIIS s])Dtq ptoll ellq,\\ ]soul[€ 'e1€utcun 'leln8ri"ul o1 ,(er3-uee:8 eled 'esoluoutol ,,(llJoqs 'esnlqo lsourl€ o1 peu.rnldn '3uol 'el€eunc + x3dp pellesxe lelnsrrq flasuap rulu g € ,{1,tor:eu s7;rolritrcLuwoJ Eu\ 'snoulSnlteJ 'esolueruol ':0tr:oqs -.rJ,roU lrlun luelstsred dllsotu aled ol luoasoqnd ,{lesuep '3uo[ 'ses?q seuo Jelno uIuJ fllsoru uo eleJol-3l?lnqns sl)Dtq PnnP^uI eseq ZI-g )]Iql 'epl{\ '?uol uro{ roc I fI JoJ sle,rou tnoq}LN's13"rq uoulruoc qll\\ ullu Sl-0I ruru g-Z '["Jl.rpurl^J'\ LUcOZ L srxY srseqlu"lE epr,r ruJ /-9 olaq slJlr.lcu"Jql"le]"l Jo tJoq,t 'loJqcuerq '3ool e qtr,r -(l1unsn pyo.ri:3,{ tr I ol l"urrulol aJu fi,loli.t[ lueasoqnd 1uur g1-g elorled:olncsqo so^roulBret"l:.(lloo,{\-etq,t,{Ioso1c €ullu"l erll'snoJq"[8 Sululocaq elnsJrq pu" luocseqnd qr.rpru uo eJ"JJns Je,,lrol:sno.rq"l8 Sulruoceq luecseqnd-pesserdde ece;rns:eddniprorq,4.re,r o1 pedeqs-n sesnurs:8uol ruul Z-9.0 apls l€lslp'osnlqoJo elnc€ 'esBq '}?U qtreol :eJlue elll-Ib ,{lolu ol lsoul" selurteluos !l?rl Jeddn uI elBJ.les,{ll"rsn 'elnlo^eJ '8uol tsourl" serrtllculos dlesooJol pe^Jncojsur8r€ru :epr^\ lulu 8l-? an tZ L'a$ -uojcnul dl oqs 'elecunrl lo esnlqo 'r?eul dlp"orq ol l€oull 'pelell"cs Jo pel.roq,t stdta7 'sree,{ 'u,{\orq 'luecseqnd-esolueruol tr-6.roJ tuelslsrod uinluorurlpur aql aled .,{lesueps7a7 'ieJ?'prerJ 'eiq?r{ -q)uo.tg puE paJnssuJo pu" esocnJ.Ie^flcug'{olql ujc Z I l.tog laale ' ro paqcu€rq ,{lepl\\ u,rorc :lcare lo Furu€el r!€rp ru I ol4ut:tJt :(Dp uttuas lBA) e^lllsues 'ur -etq Jo (suDlo ll re,r) 1utre1ol-e:4 'qnJqs ,uol e.,{lerrr gZ ol oo.t}E iuDld a.tnl?hl .snotq?lB 'suopel,{loc SurruoJequeuo 'dn :aq8rq os ,{lesuep o:our e^oq" ?lnslrLl flesJeds MaN 3u1l -paa5 snorqzlS SuruoJeq elnslq ,\\oleq qllplot :so^"eJ lsru uI s1]Iunlueulnpul :solcnul 'pe,trncer Surlurod-p;e,urogqlr,r el?JJes,{le1nce -,{l}q8ltslo l?U sulSreu : lu"tp ruru 8t-L '8uol 'elrsses'alEuoJcnru 'e13cul111'3l"Aoqo 'Ssolqo 'l]"de ruc 0I Z ,{l.,'\o.Il"u Jo cIldITIe ruur gZ o] sepou t" san"ol req8rq i,{11oo,we1q,{\flesolc ocqlns lo^\ol :snoJq?l8 Sutuocoq 'olnsJrq ,{lesredsecrjrns reddn :8uol Lutrl I + qlee} elnae t € rll1,\\ eprs qc"e uo ol?luep 'l"U '8uol 'olISSes'elnc? 'crldllle-Suolqo + surSl?u :opr,r urru S-t ruru 9l-8 Jo esnlqo 'suopel,{too 'o^\1 onoq? ruru €t-g lslg :paFoq^\ se,leel :eddn ro eltsoddo 11esatoal 3u11 'elnsJ]q ']epueq -paa5 qsqurd ol uee.r83l€d .{lesoo[ :o snorqelS'8uol ru. Z-t ltluod|H '8uo[ 'e]lrce '8urp?erds '1up 'Sulptetds 'epl. ruul g. I salcun€ :ueo]8 lq8uq + .{1apl,r ruur 'e1eur3:zrue 'et"^oqo.(8t'6 u.l E-t'3uol ruu II-/ d1lq8rls sourqeruos 3rg) saopaltpJ ',,\[sN') 'hlg:osl '..T08I rce( '.lnoqJ€H 'seJoqs 'lpold UI Is,{oX ssecuud Jo ,{11t;tcedse punos s.e3:oe5 8ury Z6€ sII"JollIl prl 'l 'rou '^ ?rs{u?g 8,, u,torg .{q polleq"l leeqs " lg :(uesoqc ereq) otce.l ,,( sdelap ^ rqn) Je( 'urnnurs ?souol? ?Jollll pe :pu"'l sul{\o-l :I?]lsn" 9ro e"lpu?lloH e€,\oNvl,, :uotJDlDad{J 'EBroEC ,rrlrrg S V (l) 408 NuytsiaVol. 3 1981

usuallvopening sponlaneou5ly uithin | 2 years.when open up to l4 mm actoss'valves i.."i"'"a-:'rip-r'it""ri"'"a,'fiot i s'JS'l ,lr-nm "ia6.ride. ,seedSeedobovate, is-tsl5-18 mri.long;mrn long; seed body +f triangular, i t;;1""'; 4 5 rnm wide.obtuse al base;iateralnargll: F:y]t :".":=:^".t"titl9:9: rpp.i."igi'i usuaily obliqtie; inner face + convex,slightly rugoseto smooth, black; oii..^i,i". fu""r""..enrtw.^rwex ?"tttty "oitu.*, iogot.,rrqo(e darkdnrk brown;hrown: r'ingwins 8-138-i3 mmnm ^wide, wide. slightlvslightly.expanded o"tuntiitvti.on anti-stylar side,the upper"maigin tf oblique, da*da*-broun. brown. SepqratorS-eporatorsimilar to.seedto,seed il;; ""4 it.tup",steno.jt, impres-sed against seed body not beaked;wings recurved' contains two rvell-clcfinedvarieties which differ in habit, bark, leavesand indumentumof the perianth.

53A, Banksialittoralis R. Br. var. littoralis (Figure 80A and B) A tree lo l2 m, rarely a shrub,fire-tolerant; trunk usuallyirregular: bark v-errucose' * friable. Leoreslilleat, 10-23mm long, up to 10 mm-wide; marginsrecurved, usually r"-tiuii o"tv towards apiies. Perianth ptbeicent throughout, the-limb usually upturned before ant[esis. Prslll usually29-35 mm long, recurvedup to 90" below apex' Distribution. (Fig. 82) South West Western Australia: from Mt. Lesueur southwards within 80 km'of the coast.and eastwardsto Two PeoplesBay and the Stirling Range' Selectedcollections. 1 km SE of Mt Lesueur, NE of Jurien' 5 Dec. 1979, E. A qriflin 2656 (PERT.FI' cANB); Hill R., w or Badsingarr.,zi'irjiii'iloi, i.lt";;..r;:iPi'RrHj; Heiina-n,l w"ii1js.*liL lr"",ut lqis,+,,.*;"ux1-qT:'"""'; C. A. Ga-rdiers.i. ?'"$'+*l:ii"1;,1Ei(PEI{TH); 31 miles(50 i",,i't;!nRlTi?;"*r'j'i;i,hkm) s of Mandurah,16 Mav lgilYlY1964'A' nirlj;' ii.h!-ji" io"d, si.ke'inlct,Jan. 1e80, i c. ,t41so,#i#i;tk+bYlt:(PERTH); xx*'";lJ?;:a+Si-'i,"-tjiriiie +,."#,*i'il; SiBllPii"\."r'j:' !',%59'iI'"?,Wxf''T,fliil:1llHil A'MAshbt 1483N9aliulgtjg.n (PERTH); l,:!,ln:j"l*if$ll'":ilil';s,5tt'-'?;,i1'J'").1,?:"ii','11n2'Srarugt*::m*.ti.rffi;,"11"\?,1,'.iiili",l;'fl;#"'i Habitat. In low-lying, seasonally damp areas, in sand or peaty sand, usually forming low open-woodland, iften associated wrth Melqleuta pteissiana; south of Mandurah an underitorey tree of Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) forest; occasiorally in coastal heath as a low shrub. Flowering period. March to July; a few flowers sometimes seen as early as February or as late as October. This is the common Swamp Banksia of the coastal plain from the Moore River to Albanv. Outlvins populationsoccur northwardsto Mt. Lesueur,on the Darling Plateau throueh the Jaira[ ioicst, and in the Stirling Range. The trees are typically of irregular habit"with a bushy crown which in windy conditions assumes a silvery aspect derived from the exposed white undersuriace of the leaves. They are not killed by fire but sprout from epicormic shoots.

538. Banksia tittoralis R.Br. var. seminuilaA. S. George, var' nov. (Figures 80C and D, 81) Abor ^d 25 rn alta,ab igneinterfecta; truncuq plerumque rectus: corte\.fissuratus, durus. Folralate Ii*arl;,ii;-itcmi;ngu,icl"ts.rntura.'repe.errira.rnaryinibr-spcrunrrelmullorecw\i' P'rianthium ii.m griit.."pr..u-qr? anr. unrt'e'indeor'un cur\ato Pi'tillumplerumque J2 38nrnr longum infra apicemad 150"recurvum. Ivac; Nanp.aBrook, S of Dwelliogup,Western Austf,llia. in 32'4q'Slat.. ll6'04'E long.. t5'uay tq7:, A. S. George11655. Holo: PERTH: i.o: CANB. K. MEL. NSw. PERTH (fruiO. Derit)qtion of name. From the L:alin seni, half, and nudus,bare, in referenceto the glabrous perianth limb. A tree lo 25 m, fire-sensitivel trunk usually straight; bark fissured, hard. Ieares broadly linear, (3)5-12 ccm long. up to l8 mln uide, often serratefor lnost o[ lenglh: marginsrecurved, usually v stiehrl-y.P{ rlarl/r pubescentwith glabrouslimb. usuallyturncd down before anthesis. JPislil rnostly12-18 mm long- recttrvedup to 150 belon apex. Distribution. (Fig. 32) South West Westem Australia: on the Darling P-lateaufrom Banksiadalesouihwaids, and near the south coast from Broke Inlet to Two Peoples Bay. 'edfjoloH {Hlugd) 9S9 oirooC S V Dptlu|uas tE^ stlo.lottilDlslut B tg ojr18ll

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:i rrlil r-- i'-I,r1

-j ,,i i i Ir+ii ii ,t i l l lt- i '?t; lr -++,1fL : ii.ii "i- rr l

Figure82. Distributionof Banksialittoralis \ar. littorclis( L) a]|,d.B. littoralisv^r. seminuda(a).

Selectedcollectiorls. Upstream of BadenPowell waterspoul on Mu(ay R., 30 April 1918,S. D. Hopper s.n.(PERTH); Big Brook,ro daie,M, Koch2'/56 (BP.I, MEL); Canfeld, Brokelnlet, l0 May 1974,.'1.S. 6?o/se11789 (PERTH); Crystal Springs, Long Point, 20 AugusL1913, G. Lidclelow'/'18 (PERTH); Napier Ck.,15 miles (24 km) N of Albany,Nov. 1909,J. H. Maidens.l\.(NSW); Walpole, June 1914, G. Rogenon- fls. red(PERTH). Habitat. Usually in red loam or gravelly loam along creek and river banks in or on lower hill slopes; also recorded on low-lying sandy flats, and on coastal sand dunes. Floh,eringperiod. Aprit to July. -fhe ynr- seminudqis readily distinguished fron var. littoralis by the characters given in the diagnosis, of which the rnost prominent are the broader leaves and the glabrous perianth limb. In typical forest habitats along creeks, the habit is also characteristic, being straight-trunked and very tall; examples have been recorded to 25 m, the tallest trees in the genus(Powell, 1978). In more exposedhabitats such as at Broke lnlet (George 11789) and Coalmine Beach, Nornalup (Royce 8417), the habit is lower and of irregular form, similar to tbat of var. littoralis. Less obvious differencesbetween the varieties are the thinner leaves of vat. seminuda and the slightly deeper colour of the flowers derived from the glabrous limb. Red-styled forms are known only in vat. seminudabut have been recorded at severallocalities, always mixed with yellow-flowered trees. The different odentation of the perianth limb is noteworthy, but I am uncertain if it is consistent, as with fully open flowers it is difficult to ascertain the orientation before anthesis. In both varieties the style is exserted along the lower side of the perianth, so that with the upturned lilrb of var. littorulis the style-end has to bend through about 90" to where the pollen-presenter is inserted; with the downturned limb of var. seminuda it curves through almost 270'. After anthesis the latter form relaxes to retain a curve of 90'-150". The signilicance of this is unknown but it is probably related to different . The two varieties grow together at several localities br.rtno intermediate forms have been seen. The closest relative of B. littorulis is B. occidentqlis R.Br. The latter is always a shrub, fire-sensitive, with thin + smooth bark, narrower leaves, smaller flowers with finer styles (always red) and smaller follicles; the old perianths persist for some years on the infructescence. a

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'o8rooC rtv ,lsZrrB. S V NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) l98t anthesis; claws 0 5 mm wide above base, tapering upwards, closely pubescent outside, glabrous inside above base but pubescent along upper margins which are involute after anthesis; limb narrowly ovate to oblong, obtuse, thick, densely pr:bescent with pale- ferruginous straight hairs. Anthers elliplic, 1 mm long; filaments short and thick; con- nective broad, shortly and obtusely produced. Hypogynous scales broadly oblong, obtnse or bilobed, son.retimescohering. Pistil 30 35 mm long, + straight but curved through 60"-90" below apex; thick, tapering upwards, slightly constricted and ribbed below pollen-presenter, glabrous except sonetimes a row of short hairs extending a few mrn above ovary; pollen-presenterovoid, obtuse,0.4,0.5 mm long; stigmatic groove small, terminal; ovary + 1 mm long, the apex pubescent with straight ferruginous hairs. Infructescence f oblong, perianths somewhat persistent but finally deciduous; axis 4.5 5 cm diam. including btacts. Follicles in plan view narrowly elliptic, 11 15 mm long, 2 3 mm high, 3 4 mm wide; valves semi-circular, + smooth, tomentose with short, spreading hairs; ridge + acutej suture fine; opening without fire after several years, the valves re- curving; lips f 2 mm wide, dark brown. Seedobovate-cuneate, 18 20 mnl long; seed body narrowly cuneate,l0 ll mm long, acute to obtuseat base,upper margin oblique; outer surfacesmooth, grey-brown, inner slightlyrugose; wing 8-10 mm wide, apexrounded, slightly oblique, dark brown. Separator similar to seed in shape and size, dark brolvn tending to almost black at apex. Distribution. (Fig. 84) South West Western Australia: in two disjunct areas close to the F' south coast,one near Walpole and one from Albany to Two PeoplesBay; the most inland Iocality is about l0 kn from the coast. wi su Selectedcollectiotls. Swan River (Colony),no daLe"J. Drummond304 (BM, K, MEL, OXF); Woolbal€ (CANB, AI Rock, NW ol Walpole,6 Jan. 1980,T. G. lyilson MEL, NSW, PERTH); Near'7 Frenchmans Bay, Albany,Dec. 1937,W. E. Blaclcalls.n. (PERTH); MermaidPoint, E ol Albany, March 1979, B. ttle//s(PERTH.) OI Habitqt. On or besidegranite outcrops, usually very exposed;occasionally in tall shrub- tanq. IU de Flowering period. January to April. de Banksia yerticillata is a speciesof restricted distribution confined to surall populations SC "common". excapt for one locality near Walpole where it was described as It is the fi( only species of Banksia in South Western Australia to be restricted to granitic soil. I 1o have not seenits responseto fire and therefore do not know ii it is tolerant or sensitive. Becauseit is usually on granite outcrops it is probably burned very infrequently. in The speciesis clearly related to B.littorulis R.Br., dillering from that speciesas follows: f( spreading,bushy habit; shorter, entire, coriaceousadult leaves; longer, more hirsute th involucral bracts; brown common and floral bracts; perianth claws glabrous inside above m ovary; limb more densely pubescent; infructescencethicker with the follicles less exserted. SU The habitats are also different, and, B. yerticillqta begins to florver I to 2 months before h, B. Iittoralis. Although the development of the inflorescenceis basipetal rn B. Nerticillqt{r, C' at anthesisthe flowers often open in an irregular order. "Mt. p. Two sheetsat PERTH collected in 1911by F. M. C. Schock arc labelled Hoskin" "Mt. and Hosking, Frankland River". I have been unable to trace this locality which ex may be an error for Mt. Hopkins just west of Walpole where the specresoccurs. br th 55. Banksia tricuspis Meissner gl Hook. Journ.Bot. & Kew Gard.Misc. 7: 118(1855) Sitmuelleralr.icrsPrr (Meissner) Kuntze, Rev. pr cen. Pl.2: 582(1891). JC "Drummond, Type citatiotl: coll. vi. n.205." Lecto (here choscn):NY; iso: B, BM (2 br sheets), CGE, FI, K (3 sheets), LD, MEL (4 sheets),P, PERTH. tu Cotyledons (Fig. 9.50) broadly obovate, spreading, 15 18 mm long, 15 mm wide, atr bright green, margins red, very faintly reticulate; auricles spreading, obtuse, 1.5 mm m long. Hypocotyl stout, glabrous. Seedlingleaws opposite for 3 4 pairs, then _l: scattered ol but higher leaves verticillate; first 2-4 broadly linear, obtuse, i6 25 mm long, 4-4.5 mm pl a

'JBlntrlc-rluos :F sa^le^ :epl,r luru 'q3rq ruru '3uo1 urlu gI 'ctldllle,\r3I^ u?ld 'peuasxe 'gg tI 8 91-g 8Z ur ,{llueunuord o1 dn sa1rr11ol snonprcap .{1:re sey,1s pu" sqtru?uod plo 'slc".lq l?Jcnlo^ur :poSleluo slce.rqts.rog pu? uoruluoc oql'ru"rp luc 8-9']nols ,{1e1e:eporu aJu saputul snoJq"lS d.r" o :eprs ro,rol uo xad" ,r.oleq e.too:3 Jll?lu8us :xeda '3uo1 'esnlqo 'pesserduroo lzretrey el€d qll.^{ ryep IuuI I lnq pro^o :eluase:d-ue11od:snoJq€I8 :"08I-.09I q8norql po^rnJor xod? eql srseqlu? JoU? 'qrurJ oql olur spr",{\u,\\op perrnl .{lSuorls ruru Jeddn aqt 'pe^Jnr -{ltueg '?uol rnLu ',^\orr?u pu? p?orq 9 t 'el"ur8J"lue '8uo[ 'SuolqoLt-Zt /./t.rlJ ,(le1eure11zuetJo Jo esnlqo Iuru T -,(lpeoJqol ,(l,uou"u "talr)s 'slueurzlg I snou[8odtH elulncrde ,{1lIoqs lroqs uo 3uo1 ruur Maq]uy luecseqnd 'osntqo '{c!ql 'cr1d1yle )cql t -possrrdd? qru11:ssoSnr tsorul? qurl ,rolaq 1nq aprsur snorqelS 'a^oq? 'eszq 'srsaqlu" luocsaqnd-possordd?.(l oqs l? eprslno snorq?l8 :e1geqfuel :taq1 'spre,rdn 'apr,r Jo lsoru JoJ Suueqoc Suued?l rulu t.0 + s,r€lJ :srseqlu" eroJ3q sp.r",t -u,llop .{ldreqs peurn} qurl :ruru . qru11Surpnlcur Suoy ruru qtuvllad 'Lr^\orq S Z Jo 97-gg 'xed" qsrpper ]r?p 8ur-{rp rltu€ued :sol,{ts ,rollo^ tqSuq qlr.r uoplo8 s.ia,{o/c. pet.rasxo esnlqo rJll.& 'Je,uo.u"u 'rauoqs stJr./g pesreJf11q3qs qrrprur 'u,^{orq ol?d 'esoluetuollJ"rrrs 'esntrqo'pe,\.Incur lo,tol! ,{proqs pue peurnldn fl8uor1s lnq rzln8uerrl + xede pa osxe :snoulSnrroJ deep 'etrnsrrq .{lesuop '3uo1 ruur g.E-E 'eleeunc .,{1,,iroleuspotq uoLutuo) ',{oJ3-qsru,uolq ol€d 'srsaq}u€ ,{q snorprcep euos 'elnsJrq sas?q eql soprs eql 's.Ileq '3uol Jo pel.rncqlr^\ osoluoruol ,(luoqs ruu g Z'potoo{'s3seq uello,rs ^JaA uo ele.rel-elElnqns slcDtq as"q l€ luc ol dn loJ sJe,!\oulnoqlr,r'slc?Jq uoluruoc qllr epuA u.rur lDt)nloruJ'opl.tt '3uol I ruur g-t \nx sryy ,ro1eq ,41e1erpeurur,{gee1 .,{1pnsn lelqcu?rq oq1 ZI-l'l?u[u]01 t Sf L 't"crJpurl^c ro lotqcu€lq uoqs uo srsaqtu€ l" u?rp uc aJu sarcL[ 'snoJq"l8 leralel '3uol 6-L -q Surruoceq esolueruol -{losolc IxuI g Z elorlad :1?U lnq pessaJdul 'snorqr13 Surtuoceq 'elnsJrrl ^\oleq qupru :surSJeruolnlo^ar dq pel"ecuoc ',{lloo,t\-elq,r ecryns lo,ll,ol :snoJq?18Sultuooeq elnsJrq ec"J.r[s Jeddn :xed" oqt o] lxeu epls qc?e uo oqol 'qrJplru I olrluolcnru .{1esn1qoey8urs e rog ldecxa eJrlua Surqcnol pue e1nlo,rer,{11q8r1 e llprrrs '3uo1 'ot?uolcnur 'l?aurT 'perell€cs suraJ"u :epr,r ruur S.I I urc E1 g ,{lasnlqo fl,$orl?u S 'pepndoJc 'sll,{qdoJd 'el?lnqns 'snonprcep ,rr,ira1 Suol ruc I u?ql ssel asoluauol .{lasolJ qll,r\ lolqcu?Jq ruc ,{luo roJ Surlsrsredsa^"al lnq IJ€el dtesuep '.{rp Jo I-g.0lse^\o[:sJ€e.{'ruln8errr Z I 'uedo 'preq 'oso8nJ uoq,r paqqu .{laug s|alpuo.lg reqlsr u,roro i,{er8 + 'ru ro pelEllessel,{leuq lr?q :!1ols 1ut1lJ t 01 eall polunls to qntqs e tuold atryo7. -( 'u,\\o.lo-03 u?.1o :sJI€q allq,^\ Surpzerds qlr,{\ elnsJlrl .,{1es:udsraTs aulpaas ell1:|C.1!ejsur8JEru eql 'epr,r '6 '3uo1 'sur8r"u[ SL uur g. I J?ol ql0z eql lnoqs ,(q ruc g 01 po^Jncar oJoru qlr.r\ lo,roJj?u pu" Je8uol 8u[uoceq seleol Joq8rq :.{lloo,r ^les]€ds Butuel eqt 'quprur uo elnsJrq ec"J]ns Jt Je,rol :srr?q elrq,r qlr,\\ elnsJrq flosool ejqrns Joddn :eJrlue 'po,\JnceJsurSreur iepr,n pr '( t ) edsDtrt g pue ( a ) DtoltpluadD?rrlr€r Jo uorlnqutsro t8 ornSrl

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often shortly and obtuselybeaked at stylar point, convex,slightly rugose,glabrous, grey; 5 follicles opening with fire, up to 18 mm wide, the valves r€curved, shortly split from-stylar sl point leaving obtuse beak; lips I l 5 mm wide, widening to 2 3 mm at base of anti- itylar side. Seed obovate, 23 28 mm long; seedbody + obovate with upper margin a oblique, 1l-17 mm long, 9 12 mm wide; lateral margins straightto convex,not winged; tl base obtuse; inner face convex, somewhat rugose, black, glistening; outer face _L 1lat, rugose, dark brown, dull; wing l3 20 mm wide, thin, brorvn. Sepqrqtor similar to seed inlhape and size, robust, concave and slightly rugose against seed body, .thickened-and sometimes overhanging above, not beaked at stylar point; wings recurved in upper third. lL h Distribution. (Fig. 84) South West Western Australia: restricted to small area around Mr. Lesueur,north-ersl of Jrtrien. l Ii (PERTH); of Selectetlcollections. Summil of Mt. Lesueur,10 June 1931,C. A. Gadners.n. 15 km W 7 BrandHwy. nearMt. Lesueur,2 June1978, 7. Crfin 1028(PERTH). Habitat. ln lateritic, rocky soil, sometimes at breakaway edges,in tall open shrubland o: with open-heathunderstorey. b Flovering period. Late March to July. cl hr Banl\ia ticuspis is a clearly distinct species of very restricted distribution. Its t( characteristics are the stunted arborescent habit; linear leaves with tridentate apices, crowded on the upper branchlets; the conspicuous golden inflorescence; the perianth h which is glabrous inside; the robust infructescencewith prominent glabrous follicles-that al remain closed until burnt, with deciduous old flowers. The species is rather isolated c( from other members of the series Splclqeraebut probably is related Io B. littorqlis R.Br. cl and B, verticillata R.Br., though having narrow leaves with revolute margins like B, bi spinulosavar, spinuloso, 1 c( SeriesDryandroideae Meissner in DC..Prodr. 14:464 (1856). ST cl Zeaves scattered, broadly S/rraDs without lignotubers. Brqnches I spreading. ul linear, pinnatipartite, the lobes numerous, linear-triangular, margins revolute, ,ItJlor- e.rcercesquat. Fol/lcles narrowly elliptic. l hi Type species: Baxter ex Sweet, lecto. nov. SL The series as here defined contains only one species,B. dryandroides As originally J' circumscribed by Meissner, on the basis of leaves alone, it encompassed such diverse th species as B. grandis, B. baxteri, B. victoriqe, B, elegans,B. candolleana and B brownii. al dentham (1870), who did not take up the Dryandroideae, placed .8. brownii and B. dry- anrlroides in the sedes Abieti qe on the basis of the hooked style. The amnity of these cl two speciesis certainly with the section Oncctstylisin which that series falls, but on the d( basis of floral, fruit and seed characters as well as foliage I consider B. btownii to belong appears to provide a link between the to the sedes Spicigerue. Banksia dryandroirles t: and the Ahietinae but is sumciently distinct from both to be placed in its own Spicigerqe c( series. hi Baxter ex Sweet 56. Banksia dryandroides 2( Fl. Australas.56 (1828) Sirmuelleta.lrvndrcides (Baxter ex Sweet)Kuntze, Rev Gen.Pl. 2: 582 at (1891) "dryandrocler(Baxt.) OK." as fa Type drutiott: none. The specieswas described from a plant raised from seed collected SN b;'william Baxter on the south coast of New Holland. At K and BM there are several slr sheetscollected by Baxter and from these a neotype is here nominated. It is one of two ot "Banksia new Seedsmarked Dryandroides". collectionson a sheetat BM, labelled ol Cotyledons(Fig. 9. a) obovate but broad at base, curved, 9 10 mm long, 5 mm wide, D acute, 2-3 mm long. ascending, convex, deep bright green, reticulate; auricles descending, to Hypocotyl slender, 14 17 mm long, glabrous, green. Seedling leaves: first 2 opposite, 'laluI lloJn?a{ o1 'uollnqltlslo dnlu:e11 uo4 ls€or rllnos eql r?eu :"llprlsnv uratsei6tsoi& qlnos Ot 8lc) 'PJ\lnJJJs8ul$ ;aPrcre1'(|s uo '-{poq esnlqo -{lletcedsee,roqe peuelcrgl lEq,'\\otuos peeslsul"SE passeJdul'es?q }? elnl" ol 'jiri 'eplslno 'eplsul 'aPls pue eueqi uipoes o1 lnp-ts.,rirrrdas u,{lorq )r"P u,llorq-{celq ;epr,tr 'u,rtoJq :ey,(1suo pepuedxe f,pq8qs turu 97-41 3ur,^r.: Sululrls luq,lreuos ll"p'qlootus 'al"lnpun '1culq'eso8nr trllq8lls^le^'xsluot eJ€J ol 1sUecBJ Jolno :SuluelsllSl€q,^laluos 'es?q reuur :seprsqloq uo;seq o1 poiur,t ilurod J€1,{1ssp.l€,to} pecnpold ^l,{\oJ.l?tlxad" 18 'epr,tr'rutu '3uo1 'et35t3J-e1e^oqo urlu esnlqo 6 urur 0I-6 ,{ld\ol.t?u ,{poq pees :8uol 8Z-02 'el€^oqo 'apl,\\ urru sdrl :pe{"eq 'po^rncal se^l"A :erg qll^\ ,{lp?oJq spras ue^e + T lou '.11eq aurued; fli;nsn :p"s"r,t*f erntns :eloqe Surutqspue snorqelS iolrrllog iueururord 'x3^uoc 'sp.tB,'t\dn eioru 'eso8nJ,{lqloolus Je,,t\olur alnsrll]-snourBnJJeJdlesuap os,4lesteoc u 'rr1dr11e-ruros luur ,{ltq8rtsor 1eg flpuo.rqse,tlu,l:{clll tuu 6-e'qBU ulru ZI I'8uol 0€ 9l e 'atelnpun 'crldllle 'lueu[uo]d ^I,$o.rJ?uol reeull ,\\et,ruuld ut'91 o] dn ,ta1Jll/o!' luolslsjaq 3 r1"nrq 1r:cnloiut eruos : luetsrsrad-duo1se1,{js pur;.sqtuet:od plo : ru?IP ruc 9-7'passardap e uauo 'lrlcuoqds u slqnqq 'snorqe13 fru,lo :e^ooJ8 cll?ru8lls oql uro{ pellauu"rlJ e Ittdclili,\ i, 1nq1^o1"q .n11o",lto.,q-p"t poualcrqt leg.lleruos € qlltl'soll e,too.r8crleru8tls 'oAooJA 'I oqt eJeq,{\eprs auo 01 pepuvdxe ,{llq8lls cl}?ulSlls l"lelel qll\\ a{ll-uoqsns,xeqe '3uo1 '"1nutq:nj '.00I xedeeqt 3l urru E.6 1 relueserd-ui11od:snorq€18 .06 q8norql pournldn '8uol '3uo1 '.r"eurl sa1"t T qtl/\\ lnq lq8r"rls rulu Sl-Vl t!1s!d eerl ruu S Z'alnaB ,{l^\oJleu 'ruar eltls snoalsodtH eleynctdt ^llroqs S 0 Jo slusurelg uo 3uo1 ruut |L.O sJaqluy 'alppltu -Jrq'elnc" lsorulD e^oq€ lsop?olq lnq uloJISnJ qlull :sul8]srl'l Jeddn Suols sll"r{ 'eplstno 'olElnuelc ,rej z ldecxo oprsur snoJq?I; elnsrltl lsotul€ lo esoluerrlol dlosuep i 'ruloJJIIJ osBqe^oqs sur8.r€ruqlr,{\ as?q1? epr,r ruu.r€ .0 + sl\elt :slseqlu€ eroJaqpouJnlon 'urur LLIB x fldr"rls qrull rtll^\ lq8r?]ls Z I I Jo qull SulpnlJur Suol tuur 9l SI Ll|uDltad selfls :el"d urltruerunpul :tnoq8noJql eSutro l1np lo u,\\olq elud stauolT seJld" Joll"rus qll{\ f,a^\o.rr"u l€lILuISsDDq e}e1[ctued + xede eluo.rlxe'uae]8 ]q8uq ereq^\ lnq lDJolf 'esnlgo 'peurnldn ';ertuor ,{11es:opsnorqelS 'se8pepunor" ssolueluo}-snoulSnu3J lsourlu '3uo1 'Il"rus .{rol xadu pelresxe :sl?q snoulSnr.reJel€d qll\\ alnsJlrl .,{lesuep ruru 9 5-5 'elnsllq-asoluettlol '3uol 'ses"q 'eleauno dl,\\oJJeuseotq uowLuoJ u,torq eltd rulll ,-9 -s 'snolll\ '3uol 'el€,^ulJ 'Jl uo ruJoJllg souo Jauut :s€cld€ u,tolq l.leP qll^\ u^\oJq ruru 9-S )Jrql '$aJ 'lnoq8norql -l?eurl souo Jeloo oql sJJD.tqlo,Dt\olul sle,{\ou 3uu€eq'slc€Jq uouuloJ p0 'epl\\ :li '8uol 'lu?ld 'slseqlue rllr^\ epr,r rulu I I-01 uru € Lu) t Z stx{ ulqll,t uepprq lt 'rrl"rp 'sruols.roplo 'Ilzws saJu sa'rclul q1 rur S. €-t tuolJ sleFtcuBlq,4J1lal l?Jel"l uoqs uo iJ"^ 'seqol er{t o1 sactdu p qll,{\ e^oq" ueer8 lq8trq 8uno,{ ueq,\ so^"el :elolled esoluaruol su 'Icql 'lJorls flo^ qll^\ lo allssesse,^€el :PeJncsqo uon?ue^ IBJ3I?I:luJlsrs.rJd = sll€q '-{11oo,u-e1rqm 'sJl?q palJnc 1Ie ,{lesuap soqol eq} Sulp"eJds Suol qll.{\ etrnsllq pu? sll"q qt!,r qrJprrlr eqt uo ^\oleq esoltleluol ,{lesuep isnorqecs ,{lolnulru llrq snorqelS Sutruocoq 'eloq€ 3lnsJrqrlesool lerllur surlu"l:elnlo^o.r.{l8uo.IlssurSl?tu:peulnldn fpq311suet;o pu 'el"cuqrur 'es"q '.I€ln8ueu] ]ou l€ apIA\ tuul 9 Z seqot 3ln3? ^u€ru olul'qupllu ol lsotrlle 'snolll^ 'esnlqo ,{11ensn'pepr.rrp .{ld€ap :orcnur snonplcep ue q1I.\\el€cunJl'epl{\ ullu 9I I 'pololl€Js 'sll-{qdoJd 'l€3ull Jo '3uo1 ruc 'esonxou ueuo 't"eulT ,{lp"orq sr,1ra7 snolll^ 11 S 'sletlluel ,\\eJrllr^\ Jo qslppel punol llPursqlr^\ qloorus + lnoqlrA\ lrlld leseq:u^\oJq 'sJlBq pu uaqt oql 'sl€er JaUEgo Sulrte,t pue eltqm-der8 SuluJocoq snour8n.ual )r"q €-Z '11"1 'pr 3uo1 q1r,r elnsrlq pu" sJreq pellnc rllr,l.rasotuotuol f,psuap stalqtuntg epllr ru S [ 'reqnlou8rl pul ru 1 o1 lnoqll,t\ qnrqs Sutpeerds poqcue.lq ,{le1ectrlut \LE luold alntDt! .ollq,\{ p?: 'quplu 'snolelunu ',{lloo,r ^losolc wa\s Surlpaag e}na€ ol lsolulB p3pl^Ip seqol eql 'opr^\ urLu '8uol ruc o1 dn 'paleD€ts se^?ol Jeddn :qupllu uo sll"q Suol ,,!\eJ" tl 91 'e,\oq" u!3 osle qtr,r ,roleq esolueLuol-e1rq,t,41esuep slnslq ,{llroqs eutr-ue1:spremdn paurnl -l1u 'elnc€ 'epIS 'pe,rrncor 'r"ln8u"ul qleel aql qc"e qloel I t rlll,\\ ol€lles .{1deep .{11q3t1s JeIl '?uo1 'elna€'ellsses'Suolqo 'suoPel{loc surSr€ur:epr^\ uru g tr tulu 8l gI = e^oq" ulu I g 'o8rooD sIt ,.rs7urg S-V T86l 416 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981

Selecte.lcollections. E of AjbanyHwy. neatNadikup, 26 May 1964,A. S. Georye6222 (PERTH): Swan RiverColony, "/. Drummod s.n.(MEL, OXF, U); CapeRiche, 9 Oct. 1928,C. A. Gadner2159 (PERTH); NearPt. Irby, Beaufortlnlei,29 March1964, A. S.Geolge6153 (PERTH). t ( over gravel, on lowJying flats, in tall Habitqt. Ir\ clayJoam and sandy loam sometimes I open shrublandor low open-woodland;also, in the easternpart of its range,on low sand- stonehills in heath. Flowering period. October to Jaluary; the old flowers persist for some months even if unfertilised. Banksia dryandroiles has the shortest pistil of any speciesin the genus, though both B. meisneri and B. pulchella have smaller perianths. The inflorescencesare usually in- conspicuous, being borne well within a shrub which has rather intdcate branches and leaves. They produce and a mouselike scent, and are probably pollinated mainly by small marsupials.

SeriesAbietinae Meissner in DC..Prod. 14: 452 (1856). Lectotype species(\erc chosen): Banksia sphaerocarpaR.Br. Sirabs with or without lignotubers. ,t/erxJ erect, ascending or spreading. Zeales linear, entire, with revolute margins. Inforescence spherical to shortly cylindrical; developnrent basipetal (acropetal in B. utans R.Br.). Fol/icle; small to large, mostly opening only with fire, when open without lateral beak. Seerlobovate; seedbody usually narrow; wing not notched. The Abietinaecontains the following 13 species,all cndemicin South West Western Australia: B. grossaA. S. George,B. incanaA. S. George, B. lqnata A. S. George, B. laricina C. Gardner, -8. leptophylla A. S. George, B. neis eri Lehm., B, miuqnthq A. S. George, B. nutans R.Br., B. pulchella R.Br., B. scabrella A. S. George, B. sphaerocarpa R.Br., B. telm.ttiqea A. S. George and B. violqcea C. Gardner. As originally circum- scribed by Meissner it also included B. ericifolia L.f., B. spinulosa Smith and B. tricuspis Meissner but these three species are here transferred to a new series, Splcrgerce. The Abietinae \s left as a fairly well-knit group characterisedby linear leavesand short, rounded inflorescencesand infructescences, Nine of the included speciesare very closely related; of these, only three speciesand one variety (here raised to specific rank) were described prior to this revision. This was due partly to a lack of good collections in flower and fruit, and partly to lack of lield studies. The other four species B. laricinq, B. meisneri, B. nutons and B. pulchella are less closely related but clearly belong with the series. is distinguished especially by the remarkable attenuation of its follicles; B. meisneri and B. pulchella by the small flowers with very short perianths and by the small follicles; ard B. nutqns by its pendent inflorescences,crowded flowers, acropetal development and large, + flat-topped follicles. The presence or absence of a lignotuber is constant within all speciesexcepting B. yiolaceain which both states occur. In general, non-lignotuberousspecies are more vigorous and set more fruit than do lignotuberousones. Among the latter the extreme seens to have been reached in southern populations of B. sphaerocarpain which few fruit develop and those that do form contain very few viable seeds. These populations must be very stable, regeneratingfrom the lignotubers after each fire. Specieswith ligno- tubers generally inhabit heavier lateritic soils. Apart from some populations of B. sphaerocarp.t,the Abietifi(te are all plants of heaths and shrublands. Most occur in the medium- to low-rainfall regions of South Western Australia in dry situations. Both B. neisneri (both subspecies)and B. telmatiaea, however, grow in lowJying swampy habitats. ,the most widespread and variable speciesof the series,grows in shrublands, in the Jarrah forest and in Wandoo woodland. Both B. leptophylla and B. violqcea also have extensive distributions. On the other hand B. lanatq, B. laricinct, B, micrantha and B, scabrello are restricted to small areas. a

'spls -qe1?Surruoceq 1nq sll"rl Surpee:dsqll,\\ elnsllq,{[osool rIste JJplnolls" t]ll\\ e?pr.t pesr?rs" eJnlns8uueo1 uotssordop JsJJ^sul?jl rlll,^\ J\1"^ qJPJ :8ulp,\\oJcol enp ue'\eun ,{lesre^su"r1,ter,r utld uI'eprl\ Lstu (SZ)ql-01jUBIU uru 8 S'3uol urur uetjo tnq crtdrlle '1ect:eqds (Oejsz '[9 ol an'sr1tt11o7 luelstsred-8uo1sel.,(ls pu" sqlu€ued :3pL{ ruc 8 7 si '3uo1 )riiitinij".iit sno:qe18 ruul I fre^o :x3d? 1" I"ral€l e,toorB ctlztu8rls :8uol ruru 'einct 'eseq 1sor"u1e t€ uello,{\s,,i1lq8r1s 1nq ,nrolr?uJelueseJd-ueltod : snolqelS E.t-S.O '8uol ieiuisarct-ue11oo,ltoloq pe^.rnJer^lSuorls ruLlI S9-62 lrsid prqol '(1rz1n8::rt u:13o 'elecunrl ol jlnre'3uo1 uLUZ+ sapJssnou{qodlq fluol urru S I T sratllirg sno:qe13 's:ieq 'elnc? Sururoceq saul]3ruos s.tluJc eql lq8rt:1s qll^\ oplslno elnsJlq,{lesu?p lsoruP 'uio;rsnj- qutll :ql.rprur8uole serurlouospue gzd roddn ut sno:qe18uogo lnq olns]It{ 'sJleq -pessetddeuaql ',{re,\o e^oq€ oplsut luooseqnd,{lesuep lq8l?l}s I rlll\\ epls}no alnslq 'aqnl '3pl\\ 'ruroJIIU o^oq€ 8ur1e:edes uru E.0 2.0 s.{\"l5 :pe.uncer qullt fnq fqSl?rls + '*'- ueuo 'u'ttorq 9 g jo qrurl ?urpnloul Suol urru ;g-VZ 1JuD!.taJ pe: deap ro eldrnd -ueplo3 so1f1seqt'snoul8nJjoJ ol u,toJq ueplo8 "tlti{oE Jell?uls lnq r"lltuls sl)p'tq lDJoll - 'qsI}Iq^\ 'esolueLuo} 'l?cltlos-possJJdep 'peuinldn ,{pqArls xocle eruJ:1xe }Jde pJllJS}J '3uo1 rulu 'J€eull s],?,tq uoluulo) snorqelS ere qctq'tr :e1ns:rq-snour:in:.reg ,,t1esuep 6-9 'sos"q xocl?pue q,rpr..t1d""t" s.rteqsnour8n:.re; pelJnc qll,t esoJueurol'8uolturu, ol dr 'Jpr\ ruLu p"orq uro{ el"lnqns slJr.r.1lDnryonq slc"lq uoulLuoc qll^\ epl,\\ urlll /Z 0Z -,auoi .epr,{\ 'l"arJoqds 'l"u*ulel 'lelqcu"rq g1-g ruc 9-e strt' o'c 0t-/ + setul}eruos :inorqtla pal]nc qll^\- rjn"y 1nr"ie1 lJoqs uo atuotsa.tog[u1 SuIruoceq s:l"rl luecsaqnd '3uo1 Sutruoceq ruu, 7 elorged ipeleecuoc 1nq ,{1oo,tr ,(Ieso1cace3rns le,\\ol :sroJq"l8 E 'pesseJdrul(pq8qs s.rr?r{snour8n.uoJ gll{\ e}ns.rll quprur :snolqslS Sulruoieq e}xsllq- pesserddrscz;rni radclnlellua 'e1n1o,te'l,{pso1c sulSreru:oJJnru oqs " qll^\ lue8und'eptm '3uol 'pe^rncul{nq8lls saa'a7 I ruul (2.{ler?r) 9.1 IlIc 0l S.Z'}cere + ro lq8l?rls'l€3ull 't""ton splr^o1 pep,\\o.roeJour se^eoloql'urc z-I re,llol eql 8uot" sll,{qdold snonplcop 'u,,'^oiq-e-3uelo'snolq"l8 srl"q I .roJ ldecxe lnoqSnorql ,{1ee1; Sutruoccq ,(ll€nsn }q8l?]ls 3uo1 pue poFnc ljoqs qlu 3uno,( ueq,mluecseqnd s@ltPuotg ll?1 utql l3p"oJq ueuo ctntttl'\ 1un1i "qf ia{nlouarr " iuo.rj Sutsut suets ,(u"ul qllrl Il€1 tu t ol qr.t.qqc tuold : sqluoruzl 9 ur suopel -dloc e^oqs ,{leletperuutt Sutclole,tepEelqcuclq l"l3l"[ :elnsllq utals 3u11paag rcywts I oslrr:Oqlo ;"1n1-on"i-,{1oso1" eJolu Sulruoceq suISJ?rueql pu" le8uol ,(13^IssoJSoldso^€el 'elqISI^ ',{\oloq Joq8rq :pe^rnceJ sur8r?ut :-(lloo,{\-3}Iq,\\ ecq.Ins lo,\\ol quPIur uo pu" e^oq" A 'o.tllue'elna€ 'JPeull (.{lesrrdsuouo) elnsJlrl'8uolu]tu tI 8 ,{lp?olq'suopel,{loce^oqe 1uur A 'pep^orc 'lnols ,{lol?JePolu 0l S o^\l lsig eql l€q,tletuos sdl.DalSutl7aas alnsJlq ,{losoo[ :1tot1s :3uoJ 'osnlqo 'pslJncel :pJ^.rJu-f '{llurEJ .t 1,rnrc,clt11 '"uru Z-I ol e1l.Ic" sQIcr.rt" 'pa,tinra:'ept,rr '3uol '31"^oqo 'tS ruuI I S.i urur ZT lt (ZSO g sSrJ) suopaflo) .htg 1" fq uorlcolJoJl"JlSolodr"c oql uI 1Il1{ " sI sJJtlI ,,ed:ucoraeqds€ISIu"g 2,, s? u,aolg peurureteprelel pu":,.1081 rce( pu"lloH,\\oNJo lseo. r{lnos Punos pIII a8roaD8uI),, i,,qtn"r{ " ,ro rnoq:eg :e1s,{6 d, JnoqlEH 1e(ox ssacuu4 uao,\\leqp.^Josqo lu"ld elSuls V 'JAiB (etueu s ru) sIuIJB uIs{u€BJ, u,\\olg .{q pelBlouus :(uesoqc ereq) olcol .,( ^'^ l9l) 'srsserdep r1 slloclre ur :pu€-I srll,\\e] :IleJlsn" 9.lo o€IpuelloH ae^oN uI!, :uotlDllJ aaq p -! tu 'uec ^eu 'ozlsn) ('re >J)od.tD.)o.DDq(Is petptM'ls (otgl q3l) toz :0I uopuo'I 3os lrlg{lJtt"t,'t r{: 'Eg (V/8 pu" se.rnSrg)JB U €drEJorasqdse!s{u8{'19 99 JI 'o11tt1dolda1g pue D a.tqDrs g 'ta! 'g 'Dtsa') 'g pv? 'od,{uoJaouds DdJoJotdDLlds€. Drso,lS JeA'odtmorcaqs pue Pu" 'lElIqEtL IIt D Dlott 'g 3 o 'JeqteSolrncco setcedso,rq -'(llzuotstccolnq lluqstp e s:tdnllo qa?o ^l["JeueC purloJ ar? setcads euru eJeq,t uolPl€]eD ol uI8uI9 ruo{ sqlEeq eql 'qued uotletr:ds JtlI ur ,41lurcadse Jo quou peJjncco sEq aDu\atqY eLll So lsJlPJrB LI€

LIt ,/sr/rr€.'o8JoeD S V I8 418 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)l98l rous where exposed,dark brown, often turning orange-brown,shining or matt, the epi- 3 dermis sometimespeeling; follicles usually opening only with fire, when open 6 16 mm t wide, the valvesslightly recurved;lips 0.5 I 5 mm wide; no beak on stylar side. Seerl cuneatewith rounded wing, 20 26 mm long; seedbody cuneate,l0 14 mm long, 5-13 + l mm wide, smooth, mottled brown; wing slightly wider on stylar side, wide 14-24 mm , ,i 1 decurrent on side opposite slyle. Separ.ttor similar to seed in shape and size, thin, orrenpapery. t Banksia sphaerocarpars a vatiable speciesthat has caused mr.rchdifficulty over the I years. Much of this has been due to a number of unnamed taxa which are described I in this revision, but the speciesitself remains a group which would benefit from further detailed study. As here circumscribedit is distinguishedby the following characters: J the presenceof a lignotuber; leavesmostly 3-10 cm long, often slightlyglaucous; perianth S 24 39(55) mm long, hirsute outside, pubescent inside, golden-brown, sometimes yellow; I pistil 29-46(65)mm long, golden-brown,purple or maroon; folliclestransversely shouldered t or ridged, loosely hirsute with straight hairs becoming glabrous, usually shining, dark brown oflen with orange to gold in exposedareas; body of seed _r cuneate,5-13 mm uide: :eparatorthin. ofien papery. Within the speciesthree varieties are recognised, of which var. sphaerocarpais the t most widespread and variable, yar. caesia also widespread but relatively uniform, and I var. dolichostyla of restdcted range and uniform. I

57A. Banksia sphaerocarpaR.Br. var. sphaerocarpa B. sphaerccarpaR.Bt. \af.latifolia F. Moe1l.ex Benth., Fl. Austral.5: 546(1870). Tlpe citation:"Pa(on.- efup Range,Maxwell". Lealo(here chosen): MEL 16027,annotatcd by Mueller"Banksia sphaerocarpa Br. var. latifolia". MEL 16026is an isotype. Shrub 0 5-2 m tall. Leqvesdark green, rarely slightly glaucous. F/onra.sferruginous or purplish-brown, rarely golden. Perlqnth 24 39 mm long. Pistil 2946 mm long. Follicles 15-30 mm long, 5-8 mm high, 10-25 mm wide. '' Distribution.(Fig. 91) South West WesternAustralia, in two disjunct regions,one ex- tending from Mt. Lindesay(north of Denmark) east to Cap€ Riche and inland to the Stirling Range and Chillinup, the other extending from near Eneabba south to the Whicher Range and Boyup Brook, mostly on the Darling Plateau. Selectedcollections.4 niles (6 km) N ofBadgingarra,I 1 Aplil I964,,4.S. c?orf'c6185 (PERTH); Mogumber Mission,12 April 1964,A. S. Georga6200 (PERTH); Chittering Valley, 10 June 1966,A. S. Georsej768 (AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH); Near Darkin Swamp,on Yar.raroad off BrooktonHjghway, 2 Aug. I980,E. Berrdr(PERTH); Yoongarillup, Whicher Range, 16 May 1964,1..S. Georye 6211(PER'tHj: King GeorgeSound, Feb. 1901, B. T. Goaclbfs.n. (PERTH;) Near Red cum Pass,Stjrling Range, 4 May 1964,C. A. Gaftlner14705 (PERTH); W end of Porongurup,30 M arch1964, A. S. George6164 (PERTH); BoxwoodHills to Toompuproad, 10 km W of ChillilupPool turnoff, l5 Iar. 19'79,B. Bar sler 632(CBG, PERTH). Hqbitat- I\t the south-eastern part of its range, the speciesoccurs in tall shrubland and open scrub or occasionallyin low woodland, usually in shallowsandy loam over laterite, sometimes in gravelly clay. In the western sector, it occurs mainly in Jarrah open-forest or woodland, in laterite or shallow sand over laterite. Towards its nofthern limit, betweenMogumber and Eneabba,it grows on lateriticrises in open-heathand low shrub- land. Flov,ering periotl. January to July The type of var. sphaerocarpawas collected just north of King George Sound and most populations in the south-easternsection of its range are fairly typical and consistent in morphology. There is some variation in leaf length, a few collectionshaving leaves 2.54 cm long, e.g. CheyneBeach, George 6296, and 23 miles south of Borden, Green '6889^llBeuue) d e 'eBuBJ d-e1:e'toeruos aqt Jo slr€d utelso,\\ pu€ uJaqlJou aq] luo{ suollcoloc ul{ll?Icedse s, ateql bdio"orao4ds re,t ;6 esoql u"qt Jellstus fll".ld^l el"_ solcIIIoJeql q8noqllv 'cul€dtu^s eJeq,$ouel? sallsll?A o,t\l ]eA Jsoql u"ql pell"A ss3l el" qclq^\ l€llq"q pu" e8ugJ aql DL[fi)oDDtlLIs fo 'a8u"rl?cqd"J8 -o# st, ro rlorlJager" sr sdtq:ed srql :Dd,tD)o.taoqdsl"A u?rll os aloru rlcnu sll lno -r{8no:ili ruersrsu5celrnb sr -,t1errz,'r:q1 spJespuP sJlJllLoJle11u urs pue e8utloSueeJS-qslnlq ']rq€q leSl?l atll ete od,tototaoryds .lzr utorJ PtsaD) )Ei Sulqsnliullslp slalc".l?rlJ '.{lnf 01 ,{lenu?t portatl 8ttuato17 'oopapt snldtlDng Jo pu?lPoo,\\ ,\\ol puz 'pu€lqnrqs ur u3uo s8o€r slrJo eape uJolsa,lteql spl€,ttol :ql€eq-uedo -qnrcs-uedo 'i1rre1e1 ct1tre1eluI 'toJlqDH 11i1.rd .*o1 ur ,{1leirsn re,ro ueol ,{puts ,ttoll"rls ro le,ttr8 'ui|rtI:tf,-lii:&!i:i3:i .s .v'ts6t uEr9z'er€aop.^\oN to :r (Lu) 9I) setlluot :(HJUsd)rar"- , , ,toprit'g '6t61q::e11 'aun,{elqtunqol peor?uole uraelA Jo ts :igrui?',rnsNltjlrzl4 i s iiri ttj 1.rg'/16I 61'3urue^\eld Li;;I ) striu ;. 9 :iiJj lid) 68BsrlDauuaN :r ) qrr€1,\l0z Jo :l LLrIt n/o!tra oi Pat)alas 'et?8?p,{eN pue ut8tr;o3 {)1 ls"t pu? dnuofot ol qlnos Sulu€..\\?Idluo{ '"ll"rlsnV 'strulsrp 8uru.r"J u-rerpnos ur uletsolA lsey'A qrnos (16 3rg) utt1lnc1u1s1g 's0A?el 'aw0u.Jo snocnryS.{11q311s or{1 ot eJuoleJe.Iul'anlq el"d'sntsaal url!.-l oql Iuo.u uollDttJao '(ecuof,selcn.IJul ',\[SN 'X u? Sulpntsul)HIUqd :,osl:HJUEd :oloH 8II8 'r{od' 'erltrlsny 'Suruul{uedo4;o (ur{ sapru :adiJ o i''ige t,tierirqog gg u.rolse,1\ lsee 9) Z , 'epl'\\ 'epl{\ 'qgq ruul 1-9tpoq paag rutu (Et)Zt-Ot ruru ,-t '8uot sa1t111ogSuol ulur gt(t€) SnoI wut qluolrad ruru (77)1,19 9t lltsld 'lP} 9e-Ot(92) .ueplo8s.ra,roi1' ueelS qstnlq -,{1lensn sa,rzaT ut"Ip ur t ol ui l9.I qnrqs t;t,;ii;' 'iiuJ;l.,r Luru(sr)zr '!'c ruLu 'r'uol ruLu (zz)Lr rurlttot- Lunauolunuffiffi l::'J 0r /+ 'ersoe.8 'snlle r"itrrrr 99 g{1ilj uitt4iuat.na rornesa.ro6r enbLunreldrrdrlluelp !u t prl tu } 9 J '.1"^ (Vtg pu? S8 sornglC) ,\ou J€A'a8roaD S V €lsaEr Jg l{ ednmraeqds Els{usg'grg

'eseqeql l? rtnre ,{llensttst 'od'twotaoqds pue sueurlcedsuloqlnos Jo 1€rll uu LI] ra,tol.reu sI peJs JL{l Jo ^p^oqoqJ. 're\ to urnluJLunpulJln(llq ^tJsoolpu" J;plnoqsJqr bululelJJqbnoql ool uo pJuJll"U '1rtqt req*iruos put'ttrLutZ ot dtr fuar u:1.;oJl" ^eql loJ'o3.to:5 5 v DIlluD)ttu!'Bol qc"ordde ue,roqs slur1dosaql setJrltoJ eql ul Suol r.utu[€ 6z s:1(1spue 3uo1ulut 8z-qz sqturued qll,ld 'plo3 eltd :o u,tlo:q-ueploS Jeqlle a.l? sJe,\\ou aqI sll"q palJnc qll{\ '1131 I .{y!so15u,euer slelqcu€rq eqJ ru I ,\\oleq 11qtq .'to1Jo .{,ll€nsnosle ere lriecsiqnd 'Dd,tD)oraDLlds ;reqrun'8o11b1 rqqebua ruorj sql€eq eqt ur lz,r 1o suollelndod uJerluoN- ) 'l?clq^1 ,\l. "J 'pnq I srsJqlu"{q :1pp[u tql uI sno]q"I8 lsoulle ueuo sl ^ll?e uI alnsJrLl JrB srlJrTloJJrlI 'suoll"Fldod qanorjl 'i1uilqlud r.r:d at11- i!1roqs e1rtrl€ er" sre,lrogeql pu" ureqlnos ! le' 'Pu?lpoo,\\ 1o lur.ll uer{l tlq"q J3,tol Jo IlLEnsn els slu€ld eql ,{\ol oopu"/r\ pu? q"JJ"f : ur rncro suoqelndod por:11ursJleq,\\ Suuellrq] ol "IcJoN ,\\eN uro{ B3l€ erll uI I 'Suluqs 'oJnll.IS ssel pu? erll F 'tJPl\\ Suolr rrnJ" arotu Lulu0f ol dnt ra8lelsltrllleuoc f,Je sslJllloJ aqt pue "{ltsuop1e:1 e .t' p'uu1,qnq aurqcueiq ut u:do eroruel lT" eq ol puel slueld eqJ ,{}oue^slql Jo l"5ld.'(1 eirno osid eiz e8ut;11reqcrqlA eq] put; druu,tlg ut1;eq uso,trleqSuu.InaJo suollelndod 'odtrttr.t.raoqtls 'snoru,{uou-,(speloplsuoJ e:aq st ,41et;t,taql qclq.^\qlJ.{\ .: 'uees ':e,r suorulcedseql qlpll\ ruo{ pue ueeq e^"q slln{ oN .1olzcrd-{1 .l?edd" J?01 lr"d? '3saq1 ',t1uo ur-r6t ssre:d-euo pu? Ja,\\og uI e.r"-su1lv pu" lle,ttx"J I o,lll Jo E 1de1 'suoproloc 'gi6y itt dpetrr lsri eqi eerql fluo uro{ rltrou{ sI qclrl,tt llenw J Dllolltol tv^ P; .{quo,llolou oql (06t uoaJD) ^\oll.^ soturl tu d:riiu rrqr sr uorSei srql uI tu"r.r€ lsoru -( leruos 1nq-snour8nr.reJ ol u,lroJq uoplo8 fll?cld,{l Suteq satre,t osl" lnoloc ra'{\old 06€ ,r.rryrr€.'o8rooo 'S 6Il V NuytsiaVol.3 (l) l98l

Figure 85. Barlcsrasphaerocarpu var. caeJl.?, Holotype, R, D, Royce 8118(PERTH). '(HJUld) 'adflosr 90lSt o8roaC S V puP ediloloH DlltsotpuoP rE^od.tnuaDqds Dlt:lrD€' 98 ein8l:l

rtl a'.1

'a,9looD'S ,lsrlrrg V 422 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

57C. Banksia sphaerocarpaR.Br. var. dolichostyla A. S. George, var. nov. (Figure 86) T 1. Frutex 2-3 m altLrs.3 4 m diam. Folia caesia.Flores aurei. Peiallthium49 55 mm longum. Pistillum50-65 mm longunr. Folliculi15-22 mm lorrgi,5 8 mm alti, 10 15 mm lali. I Shrub 2-3 m tall, 3 4 n.r diam. lealcs bluish-green. Flowers golden. Perianth rl 49 55 mm long. Pistil 50 65 mm long. Follicles 15-22 mm long, 5 8 mn.r high, 10-15 mnr wide. I ar Tlpe: Just SSE of South lroncap, east of Lake Varley, Western Australia, 14 March o 1978,,4. S. George15106. Holo: PERTH; iso: CANB, NSW, PERTH. cl DeriyLltioti of nante. From the Greek dolichos, long, and st1los, pillar and hence style, al in referenceto llrevery long pistil. n s Distribution. (Fig. 91) South West Western Australia: restrictedto a small area from Mt. Holland to South Ironcap (eastof Hyden). Selettedcollections. Eastcn] slopes of North lroncap,6 May 1978,G. J. Keighery1644 (PERTH); Near Mt. Hollandcast of Hyden,I Sept.1978, P. Luscombe s.i.; Mt. Holland,1934, fl. ,S1eed,r?a,s.n.(PERTH) Hehitat. Io lateritic gravel, in low open-woodlandand lorv shrubland. Flowering period. March to May. This variety is very similar lo var. cae[ia except in its much longer perianth alld style, and somewhat larger follicles. Although known from only a few collections it seems consistent and therefore worthy of varieta-l rank. At the upper end of its range of size, the pistil is the longest of any Banksia.

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Figvrc 89. Bdnktia micrctlthq. Holotype, A. S. George 1.1415(PERTH). 'g '(a) '( ,srora 'g pue '( n bqtab,blu'g '(l oltisoUxrppre^ otuD.obbtlds A ) ) 'te^ ) '16 olsao) 'te^ ottnoiotlli 'g '(a) Dd,tocora^qds o.ho.o.!2oqdsblstlt Dg Jo uollnqlJls!( ernBld

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Selectedcol[ections. Souih of Eneabba,9Ma]ch 1974, A. S. Geoge11782 (PERTH); Bctwcen Cockleshell Gully and Mt. Lcsueur,August 1938, ,It. E. Blackall3611 (PERTH); Mt. Lesueur,Hill River,January 1940.C. A.6dlr/rel s.n. aPERTH). Hdbitot. Il shallow grey or white sand over laterite,in low shrublandor open-heath. Flowering period, ltnuary to May, with a few inflorescencesas late as September. Banksia miUantha is closely related to B. sphaerocarpa,especially its northern pop- ulations, bLrt is distinct enough to be given specificstatus. The principal differencesof B. nicrqntha are its sprawling habit, very pungelt leaves,small appressed-pubescent perianth, almost glabrous perianth limb, and large follicles with a closeindumentum of short, appressed striright hairs. It is also related to B. incqnq A. S. George from which it can most readily be distinguished by the pubescent inner surface of the perianth, the infructescence with persistent old flowers, and the slightly shouldered brown follicles which are sparselypubescent with straighthairs. Bqnksiq micranthq has the most restricteddistribution of the soeciesin the series Abietinae. It is centred around Mt, Lesueur. an area nronosed as a nature reserye but not yet declaredas such and curreotly threateneclby proposed open-castcoal nining. It is not yet generallyin cultivationas it is not well known. Although the specifc charactersare consistent,there is variation in some features, especiallyin the sizeof the follicles. tn its low, sprawlinghabit the speciesshows a tendencytowards the prostratestate. In particular some of the lateral branchletsat first developunderground for up to 60 cm before emerging to continue as aerial branchlets. Where underground they are covered with linear-subulatebracts giving them a rhizomatousaspect.

59. Banksiagrossa A. S. Georgesp. nov. (Figures92 and 93) fuutexad. 1 m altuscum lignotubero. -Folra + sparsa,linearia, obtusa, 4 12cm longa,(l)1.8-2.8 mm crassa,marginibus arcte revolotis. Inflorcsccntia 5-7 cm longa,8-9cm diam.sub anthesin. B/dcteae involucrales5-..7 mm longae. Btucteaecommunes 7 9 mm longae. Per[anthiufi 35 215mm longum iimbo 5 6 mm long includens,extus et intushirsutum; linbus hirsutus. Pistillum38 48 mm longum,glabrum; pollinis pracbitor I mm longus; ovarium glabrum. Fotliculi ellipttci,20 45 mm longi, l0 18 mn alri, 10 18 mm iati; valvi laeves,hirsuti; sutura obtusa; flores et pistilla in ffuctu pe$istentia, + appressa. Seminalate obovata,28-39 mm longa; seminis corpus anguste-cuneatLLm,14-18 mm longlm,4-9 mm latum; ala 27-33 mm lata. Type: 45 miles (76 km) north of Regans Ford on Brand Hwy, Western Australia, 14 May 1969,A. S. George9316. Holo: PERTH; iso: CANB, K, NSW. Deritution o/ nane. From the Latin g/osJ,lJ, coarse, in reference to the appearance of the leaves, flowers and fruit which are more coarse th.ln other species of the Abietinae. Cotyleclons(Fig. 9.54) obovate, 16 22 mm long, 9-12 mm wide, convex or concave, { recurved, 3-nerved, + bright green; auricles obtuse, descending,2 mm long. Hypocotyl moderately stout, short, loosely pilose, pale red. Seedlingleayes: firsl two 6 8 mm above cotyledons, + opposite, broadly linear, obtuse, 14-16 mrn long, nargins revolute but not concealing lower surface; upper surface hirsute with white spreading hairs, lorver surface white-woolly; next leaves also in + opposite pairs, similar but longer. Seetlling r/erfl reddish, hirsute. Maturc plqnt a shrub 70 cm to I m tall with many erect stems arising frour a ligno- tuber. ,gleins with flaky pale brown bark. Brqnchlets hoary-tomentose with short crispedhairs and scatteredlonger ones,the latter soon deciduous;prophylls at base of branchlet few or none, terete, tomentose, soon deciduous. Lea|es erect,straight or slightly curved or flexuose,obtuse but the midrib shortly producedas a hard, obtuseapex; 4-12 cm long, (l)1.8 2.8 mm broad, thick; lamina closelypubescent above with short crisped hairs,becoming glabrous; margins closely revolute against midrib, the latter flat, prornin- ent, not or slightly sunken,pubescent with short crispedhairs becomingglabrous; petiole 3-5 mm long, pubescent. lnflorescenceon short, thick, lateral branchlet r.rsuallytowards the base of the stem, occasionally terminal, usually cylindrical, 8 9 cm diam. at anthesisj a few leaves close below inflorescence. Axis 5J cm long, 7-9 mm wide, 21 24 mm with common btacts. Inyolutql Droctu covering t 5 mm of branchlet below spike, subulate '(Hl.[gd 'rd,{loloH 9t!6 cS]ooD S V Dsso.tEDlsl og Z6 arn?tJ

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6 Flgrre93. Banhia g/'rrsa. Inlructescencex I. Drawnffom A. S. George6750. B (1 from swollen bases,4 7 mm long, closelytomentose with short, crisped,hairs, grey to pale grey-brown. Commo bracts linear-subulate, 7-9 mm long; exserted apex conical, 7 grey, slightly upturned. Floral bracts similar but slightly shorter, apex ferruginous. ( F/owers ferruginous to golden brown, the styles usually dark red to purple where exposed. I Perianth 3445 mm long including limb of 5-6 mm; claws filiform, hirsute outside with I( long coarse straight to flexuosehairs, hirsute inside with straight ferruginous hairs, densely B so near base; limb narrowly elliptic, obtuse, denselyhirsute with + straight ha\rs. Anthers T narrowly elliptic, navicular, 2 mrn long, connective shortly produced. Hypog.ynous f B scalcs oblong, f 2 mm long, acutely and unevenly 2 4-lobed, cohering to perianth for h + I mm. Ptslt/ slightly curved, then strongly so towards apex, 38 48 mm long, stout, glabrous; pollen-presenter ovoid I mm long; stigmatic groove lateral at apex; + ,+ s style slightly constricted below pollen-presenter; ovary glabro]u's. Infructesrcnce + a ellipsoidal,6-10 cm long,4 8 cm wide; old perianthspersistent, the stylescurling stiIl1y g against follicles; common and floral bracts slightly enlarged and indurated. fol/lcles 8 (20-)25 35(45) mm long, l0 18 mm higb, 10-18 mm wide; valvessemicircular, convex, li smooth, very hirsute with straight, spreading hairs eventually wearing off exposed areas; n ridge obtuse; suture scarcelyevident; follicles opening usually witb Iire,3-11 mm at h widest, not recurving; lips + 1 mm wide, dark brown. Seedunequally obovate, 28 39 mm long; seedbody narrowly cuneate,base acute, apex obliquely acute to rounded, 14 l8 I mm long,4 9 mm wide, dark grey-brownand fleckedon inner surface,pale brown and I flecked on outer surface; wing 27-33 mm wide, decurrent on side opposite style, dark c brown with large pale flecks on inner face, brown and slightly flecked on outer face. a Separator similar to seed in size and shape, concave next to the seed body, dark brown, c the wings recurved. t S Distribution. (Fig. 9l) South West Westem Australia, between Eneabba and Regans Ford. l (el)-r451!

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DlyluDg 'a8rce9 'S 'V 430 NuytsiaVol.3 (3) 1981 tomentose. Axis 3-10 cm long,7 9 mm wide, 20-30 mm wide with common bracts. ir- h yoluual bracts subulate with thickened bases,5 10 mm long, densely tomentose, ferrugin- fl ous to grey-brown. Common brqcts linear, 10-12 mm long, densely hirsute with ferrugin- sl j ous hairs; exserted apex conical, often produced into an acute point, densely tomentose, ferruginous, pale brown or cream. Floral bracls linear, 8 10 mm long; apex small, ll as in floral bracts. F/ori,erspale yellow obtuse; indumentum to medium or brown, al- F ways brown when fading; style yellow, rarely purple. Perianth 3345 mm long including limb of 3 5 mm, _l_straight with reflexed limb; claws filiform, 0.4-0.5 mm wide above tube tapedng upwards, pubescent to shortly hirsute on both sides; limb narrowly elliptic, hirsute or pubescent,the apical hairs longer. Anthers 2 mm long, tbe connective shortly produced. Ilypogynous scales oblong, irregularly lobed, 2 3 mm long. Pistil 34 58 mm long, slightlycurved, the apexturned down at90" I 10",glabrous ; pollen-presenter0 . 9 1.2 mm long, slightly thicker than apex of style, upper 1/4 pale, remainder dark; stigmatic groove terminal, slightly oblique; ovary glabrous. Infructescencespherical, 6 10(12) cm diam.; old flowers persistent; comnon and floral bracts slightly enlarged, indurated, sometimes pungent. Follicles up to 80, sometimes more, in plan view elliptic, 15-30(35) nm long, 5-12 mm high, 6-10(14) mm wide; valves semi-circular to semi-elliptic, convex, smooth, densely hirsute with spreading hairs becoming glabrous where exposed; ridge obtuse, sometimes slightly undulate; suture very fine; follicles opening usually with fire, to 10 mm across; lips I I mm wide. Seed broadly obovate,25-29 mm long; seed body t oblong but narrowed to acute base, 12-15 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, mottled dark and palebrown on both sides;wing 15-27mm wide, decurrentdown seedbody on sideopposite style, outside mottled brown, inside dark brcwrl Separator similar to seed in shape and size. Distribution. (Fig. 97) South West Western Australia, in near-coastal regions from Kal- barri to Guilderton, extending inland to Tathra National Park, Moora and Mogumber. Selectedcollections. Rabbit Proof Fence,Kalbarri, 10 June1968, R. Glirldons.n. (PERTH); Butma road, SE of Walkaway,2l Aug. 1966,A. C. Bur s 7 (CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH); Beekeepen'Reserve, 5 km W of PoodalooWell, in 29'41'5,115'07'E, 2 Jnne19'17, R. Hnatiuk770050 (PERTH); 12 km S of Jurien-Coomalloroad alongCervantes road,26 May 1977,A. S. George14412 (PERTH); 25 miles(40 km) S of Lancelin,2 July 1961,A. S. Ceorse2623 (PERTH); 14 miles(22 km) SW of ThreeSprings, 10 Dec. 1961,A. S. Gcorge3227 (PERTH); 12 miles(20 km) W of Mogumber,5 Jan.1967, K. Ne\ibey 26?1(PERTH). Habitat. \n deep white or grey sandy clay or sand, in shallow depressions(rarely damp) in tall shrubland and open heath; near the coast often in shallow yellow or brown sand over limestone; rarely in laterite. Often locally common.

Flowering period. December to August. Although Banksia leptophylla is variable it is not practical to formally divide it into infraspecilic taxa, largely due to the lack of suitable morphological characters. There are two principal yariants, one with large flowers produced in summer and one with smaller flowers produced in winter. Each shows variation and there are intermediates. The fruit are perhaps the most variable feature, for individuals of the smaller variant produce both small and large infructescences. The common bracts also vary, those of large-flowered variants usually being obtuse, while those of small-flowered plants range from obtuse to acutely pointed. The flowets are typically medium yellow (both perianths and styles) but are sometimes pale brorvn, sometimes cream; rarely the upper styles are purple; in all casesthe flowers turn brown with age after anthesis. The new leaves are ferruginous. The closest relatives of B. leptophylla arc B. lanats A. S. George and B. telmatiqeq A. S. George. The former is usually easy to distinguish on the basis of its small bushy habit, its crowded leavesthat are deep pink when new, i1s white common and floral bracts, and its cream and purple flowers. A few small-flowered specimens of B. Ieptophylla 'DJouol '16er(€ld (HIUIO 16llI o€roo9 S V'od,tlolo:H olvluog

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61, Banksialanata A. S. George,sp. nov. (Figure94) D FvrreJ.nanus ad 1 nr altus sine iignotubero. Foliz angustelinearia,acuta, 3 10 cm longa, supla hirsuta deiode glabra vel minute scabrida,marginibus arcte revolutis. ,Rd7nrlltonentosi. Inflorescentiae ,s. sphaericae,3.--5 cm longae,7 10cm lataesubanthesin. Bracteaei volucrclesl: confertae,subulatae, 5-10 mm longae,villosolomentosac. Bracteaecommlnes lineares, 7 9 mm longae pilis albis densehirsutae, apicibus Er acutis sursum a]urvalis. Perianthiumcremeum, 32 38 mm longum linbo 3 4.5 mm includens,utrinque 19 breviterhinutu ; limbus densehirsutus. Pistilhm 38 48 mm longum, glabtLrm; pollinis praebitor anguste conicus, l mmlongus. Fo iuii elliptlci,12-30 (35) mm longi, 4 ll mm alti, 6 12 mm lati, laeves,dense h hirsuti; bracteac con,nunes induratae, + pungentes; flores et pistilla in fructu persistentia. ^Ssmil?a obovata,17-25 mm longa; seminiscorpus late falcatum,9-13mm longrim: 5-6lnm latum; ala 18-27mm lata. F Tlpe: E of Enea,bbaon Winchester road, Western Australia, in 29'48'5, 115'27'E, 14 Nov. 19'11,A. S. Georga1ll9l. Holo: PERTH;iso: CANB, NSW. c Deri,ation oJ name. Frorn the Latin lanatus, woolly, in referenceto the white hairs of the le common and floral bracts. B o Cotl:ledons (Fig. 9.56) narowly obovate, gently curved, 13-17 mm long, 5 7 mm fr wide, nerveless(3-nerved torvards base when dry), bright green, spreading; auricles spread- tl ing or descending, acute, 3 mm long. Hypocotyl slender, I cm long, pubesceni be- f tI coming glabrous, reddish. Seedlfug /eal,cr at fiISt in pairs or scattered, upper ones scattered; first 3 6leaves 4 6 mm above cotyledons, linear to narrowly lancaolate, obtuse, 12-2O cm long, sparsely hirsute above with spreading hairs, white-woolly below; margins o only slightly recurved; next few leavesup to 4 cm long, narrowly linear, the margins more B revolute, otherwise similar; higher leaves crowded, very narrow, acute, 6-7 cm long, the a margins tiglrtly revolute, moderately densely hirsute above. Seedling stem above cotyl- edons sparselyhirsute, higher up hirsute and densely tomentose. Mature plant a shrub to I m tall without a lignotuber, much-branched and spreading; branchlets densely leaved and usually concealing flowers and fruits. ,Br.aru./l/etsdensely p white-tomentose with curled hairs and scattered lorg straight hairs; base of branchlet I with persistent, subulate, tomentose prophylls 5-15 mm long. Leaves crowded, narrowly linear, usually curved, acute to acuminate but scarcelypungent, 3-10 cm long, 0.75-l mm l( wide; upper surface hirsute with short and long glabrous b straight hairs becoming and very p slightly scabrid; midrib hirsute below becoming glabrous; margins tightly revolute, con- 12 cealing white-woolly undersurface; petiole 3 4 mm long, tomentose; new leaves deep p prnk. Inforescence usually on shoft lateral leafy branchlet from a stem 2-4 years old, l( spherical, 7 10 cm across at anthesis; branchlet for 1 3 cnl below inflorescence with ,] subrilate bracts on thickened bases, 5-10 mrn long, woolly at base, tomentose above. I lxrs 3-5 cm 1ong,4-5 mm wide, 19 22 mm wide with cornmon bracts. Inyolucral bracts similar, crowded, persistent. Commofi brqcts linear, 7-9 mm long, densely hirsute with l creamy white (rarely pale brown) hairs; exserted apex conical but narrowed to acute up- d tufned point, densely tomentose. Floral bracts linear, 6 7 mm long, densely hirsute, obtuse. F/orfer-spale cream, sometimes pale brown, the styles parple. Perianth 32-38 -l: mm long including limb of 3 4.5 mm, + straight with reflexed limb; claws filiform, + l 0.5 mm wide tapering upwards, shortly hirsute on both sides with f spreading white t pale or brown hairs; limb narrowly elliptic, densely hirsute especially at apex. Anthers I produced. 1 5 mm long on short fllaments, the oonnective shortly and obtusely llyp- c ogynous scales oblong, obtusely lobed, 2 mm long, adhering to perianth. Pbtil 3848 ( mm long, gently sigmoid, the apical 3 4 mm recurved through 90'-130', glabrous; pollen- presenter narrowly conical, I mm long, slightly swollen near base, lower half dark, upper pale; stigmatic groove transverse at apex; ovary glabro:.j's. Infructescetce spherical, 4 5-6 cm diam., old perianths and styles persistent; common bracts somewhat enlarged, indurated, + pungent, greyish. Follicles up to 50, elliptic in plan view, 12,30(35) mm long, 4-11 mrn high, 6 12 mm wide; valves semi-elliptic, smooth, convex, densely hirsute with spreading hairs, the exposed parts becoming glabrous; ridge obtuse; suture fine; follicles opening usually with fire, to 18 cm across, valves gently recurved; lip t I mm wide; inner surface brownish black. ,Seedbroadly obovate, 17-25 mm long; seed body broadly failcateto almost semi-circular, 9-13 mm long, 5 6 nm wide, obtuse at base, apex produced to beak o[ stylar margin which is concave, the other margin very convex; both sufaces + flat, brownish grey; wing 18-27 mm wide, brown. Separator similar to seed tn snaDeano slze. 'sJl?q g srrr' 'srseqluEoroJeq snonplcop uouo s15?rqlso,\\ol aql uiaorq 01 ,(el8 ql$ € 'seseq esoluaruol--,{11oo,t peuelcql l?q,{\oluos uo Suol ruul 8-z slc?Ig el"lnqns esuep qllt\ p;rr^oc s! qcrq,\{ uc s . 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Figlrre 95. Bdlr/iJldrcabrclla. Holottpe, A. S. Ceorgc 7860(PERTH). ',(€a?{l?id Jo ES '?rT?.rlsnY 'ao!Jnq!.us!( pu? g ?er" lprus ? o1 pouuuot uJelseiN lsol& qlnos 06 ard) 'e4s pue edeqs uI poos o] Jr-ltuJts.totorolas slJeg JJ{J"p ,!\3J9 qll^\ u^\oJq 'xa^uoc ':pr,lr. i- 3rir.t lsle a:1s{.r?p ,\\eJB qll^\ u,tro.rq .{ltq8lls oJ€Jrnsrelno {r?p vz-yt 'asoSnr :ur,nb:q p:111ot"u ,{l}q8lts reddn pou3]3rql qlyd }"U T ec"Jms rouul lrup :leq 'aseq 'ePI,\ '3uo1 :1urod iei,{1i 1i >lzeq ,to11eqsoi pecnpo:d xede 1" esnlgo luur 91 unu '"1zc1nyoi areloqij ,(1,torizu .{poq peas :8uol \u\n qZ-VZ'e1e,togo dpzo:q paa5 91ig1 'ssorc" 'epr-[ sdq :pe,t:ncer,{1rq3rts ruLu-tl-S uodo ueq.,it'lurnq pesolc ruru i'a '.lroll?u I!1un rpsoru ii1c11yo;:euu ernlns :el€lnpun .{pq31s-uego e8plr :pesodxe Srir eure: 'xaluoc-,(luo^e 'esoSnr auluoi!,] slzq Surpee:ds qll^\ elnsrlq flesuep eriq,t snorqelS 'q8lq '8uo1-ruu ,4lrq'3rtsor riliorus 'cttdlfe-1ulos se,\1"^ :3pllr ruur 8-9 ruru 6 9 97-31 'q3 'selcIIIoJ ',m:il ueld ur lr1d11: {1^olLtu ol dn sdplllo! eql ueei4eq lcods"-erculqce pele:i piii pde po8repJ slcerq uounuoc :slu"uural ideJ " Sulldecx€ ue bun'i lerou Pue 'ru"!p 'plo^o-l"cueqds snonpbip uaql sie:r ;o3 luelsrsrods:e,tog plo eql ruc 8-9 tnq i-1 '3uo1 'ol"lnqtrs atuaisalt'n{ui rlluer.rad ol Sui:aqoo ruu Z saPJS snoutSodtH xede e iuorqtlS dre,to:l"utrulel elool8 c4"ur8lls:xed" 1e ol?d 1e s:rzq 1Li8r^zr1s,ll4 ldJJxe '.0€ ;ereq '3uo1"unu ,{lecl?csrelueseld-uellod :snoJq"l8 I-"06 lri liep I-EL 0'peuo{crrll'elpprru '8uol 1e u,rrop iueq urur g t l?cld" sp.l?,tol spJ",\\dn po^rnc luru 9l r€, lllsld :pecnpo:d 'ryep '3uol ,(pioqs elllceuuoc :8uol tuur 9r.0-9.0 slueru€lguo -lutl 8 I-g'l 'xede 'eprslno 'os"q 'e1nce s'n4tiy 1i tebuol srieq eqt elnsrlq ,4I].roqs 1" pauelctql .{11q31s 'urJoJlslu qrull i;1eq roddn ul oplsul elnsJlq eqnl :oplslno pu" eplsul luecsoqnd ol elnsJlq 'ru.IoJllg rproiis 'ipien'an 3ui-r:de1aprr,r uiut I 0 s.tl"-lc:rutu S-f Jo-qrull Sulpnlcur Suol ruru 'lrollo-{ rusort s'ia'11ol!r gi-27 1tito1.ra1 :1drnd s:1fis Sutpnlcut seuo :eddn eql al?d 01 '.rouoqs ,4pq31s Ja.ILIIrssDotq sJ\EqpelJna altq,t\ qll,\{ luacseqnq pu? Je,toJreu 1,nq lDJol! '8uol 'pou:n'1u^op 'a1e1nqnsx-eciz :srl€q snoul8nJl.J qllll alnsrlq,{lssuep qur 0l-9 'slxalqlalrosxe 'epl^\ '8uol 'rzan\ spotq uowruoJ uoluruoc r{ll{\ epl,\\ ullu 0Z 8I ultu 9 I ruc

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'e8roaD rrslrr€. S V I8r 436 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

I AaA I /^ !\ \/- \ . rl'-y I j'I 9;i-r-rv -,+ "lLil I \t--i F ,-).r- I L l i- i- tt-

Figure97. Distributionol Banksialeptophyl/d winter flowering ( [ ), summerflowerirr p, I L ,. B. la ata ( r ), B. scabrella ( 1 ), 8, telmaliaea ( a ), B. laricina( a ), anC,B. lncana ( l I.

t:k:t!!fo fctignl._.GreenoughRiver, Nov. 1877, F. Muclltr IMEL); Watka$ay, Nov. 1963,F. Ut. Humphreys (PERTH);E of Allanooka,Oct. 1961,S. M. fiar r€1,(PERTH); Ceratdron; I5 Ocr.18d,7, M. Broin (E'. Habitat. In deep white or pale yellow sand, in open heath and low shrubland. Flowering period. Septenber to January. Bqnksia scabrella is a distinctive speciesamong the Abietinae, characterised by the sprawling habit, the short scabdd leaves, the subulate common bracts. the vellow and purple flowers, and the prominent indurated bracts of the infructescence. ltls the onlv species of the series with markedly scabrid leaves and elongated apices to the common and floral bracts, the last character seenin only two other speiies of ihe genus,B. coccinea R.Br. and B. laerisata Meissner. Its closest relative in the series is probably B. leptophylla with which it is synpatric over its small range. Bctnksia kptophylla is usually more densely branched with lbnger smooth leaves, acute (not subulate) common bracts, golden brown flowers and smal'ier follicles. Bqnksiq scabrelle also approaches B. lanati in the flower colour, the latter being typigally cream with reddish purple colouring rhere exposed to moie sunlight. The spreading habit and larger follic]es of B. lanatq are also similai to those ofB. scebrillo. though the latter is unique in having lower branchlets which lie on the ground. Tbis tendency towards the_prostrate habit is accentuated by such branchlets often producing inflotescenceswhich also rest on the ground.

63. A. S. George, sp. nov. (Figures 98 and 99) ,. ftutir. ad I,m alluc^sine.Iigrrolubero.Fulid linearia. obrusa vel acLrla.1.5-1r4, cm lorga,suprc nrr\uraoelnoe graora. rntra atOo-lanala. nargtntbu\ rcvolulis, lnJtore,\(enrla cylindrica_elltp\oidea, J-5 cm longa,4 7 cm latasub anthesin. Btucteae inwlucrales subulatae, 3-4 mm longae,tomentbsae. _Brac_ t?a?(ontm.u e'.7 8mn1 lorrgae_dpicibusac|ltis. p,rianthium 22 25mmlongumlimb;4mnlongoincluden.. ulrl,nque Drevrter hrrulunt:,ttmbL5 _pubesccnsaptce hir,Dto, Pir!illum 25_29 mnt longurn. glibrurn: polllnls_praebllor angusre.oblonguq.I mm_lorrgus. Follidtli angu,te clliplici. I2 20 mm longi.-4 a mm alIl. + / nlm rilIl. valr.\ senll(llcularlbuslae\ibus clense h 15utis:flore\ et pisLillain fructu persislentia, Semina obovala, 19 23 n]rn longa; seminis corpus oblongum, 10-13 mm iongun, 2 3 nnilatum; ala 14 18 mm lata.

Type: 28 mrles(:1. !!!m) N of RegansFord on Brand Hwy, WesternAustralia, 14 May 1969.A. S. George930e. Holo:PERTH; iso: CANB. '('Y l 'o^orD pue 'sle.{\olJ oJnle^rnaul se8ueqcSulr^oqs otuocselogul eBuBrOIIV) luorudolo^epIeledlseq Jo '\qePl-v '86 Jo luaurdole,req-l ot J urelsI€s€q elSurs-{ rc} ul s. I DaDu'wltiDleluog err.Brg

Drstluog 'e8Joe!) 'S 'V NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) l98l

Figtdjle 99. Banksia telnatiaea. Holotype, A. S. ceorge 9309 (PERTH). 'lsn8ny o1 tetrN poLladSuua oH 'puElpoo,\\-uedo,rolsatutleulos lo 'IIIEOJ ']DtlqDH 'qlBoq uedo Jo pesolc 'qnrcs uedo ul 'Jelul'r\ ut Jo,\\ ,(puzs ,(er8 daep uI '106T 'outluodr6s '$ILdEd,) Ift PztfQ g PuesPlQ 7 ,{EII : (HDAd) u s rrrPrr9 'V ') 'tZ6I eunl 'uotaiiruuej liqlltad) r/ro{rs ') '6t61 ounl 'ellepueql :(HJdE.I ',{\SN) '016I 'pe ttt f 9 lgItfaa^oJ y pvDulldv H g'J ldas Z or Iq uISuIDJo / NNul)J6.SII suollralo)pat)aPs 'eutluedrogpue tr:e3ut3Pzg '?ll€Jlsnv uoe,rtoq drecs 8uIU"C eql Jo /^{ ure}seiN lselA qlnog (46 3rg) uorynqLtlslo 'ezNpuE od"qs eueyd ur pees ol l€Ituls rclondag ,,{poq paes u,\\op ^?,'\\ i/t Z,/1 luarrncap:epIS J_euul 'u,\\orq 'popu"dxo 'eplll uo ieyefi 'pal oru ,(ll?ulpntlEuol .{lpnbeun ruur 8I-tI Sullr :{i?lq Jouur'peFloruu.{.orq-,{er3 e3"J.rns ralno :pe,\.Incur8J?ru Joddn'es€q 1B esnlqo:epl^\ '8uol 'Suolqo 'el"^oqo ruur urur dpoq pees :3uot uru tZ-6I pars u,'t\orq € Z 'apISuI€I 0l -qsr,{e:3)lJup qloouls so^l?,'\:u,l\oJq {ltp'epl{\ ruru 6 0 8.0 = sdll :tuLu II-8 01 'aig qlni Sunedo fll?nsn selcllloJ:eug ernlns :osnlqo e8pu :snolq?I8 Suruoceq s ?d 'u,ltoJq 'qlootus '3lldllle pesodie eqr ;s:req Surpze:ds '8uol qlr^\ alnsrlq fl3suop )F?p T 'q8lq '8uoJ 'cIldITIe -Irues o1 :elncrrcrtuos se^I"^ :epl\\ urlu tuul rulu 0Z-Z[ + l, t 'pa8]tluo6-t ,(y,r,r.o::eu,16r,'r riuld uI'S9 o] dn sap4lo! petr-Jrrpul l"q,teruos slc?.Iqlluelstsred 'l"aueqds slo,rou plo :trl"Ip rucg trlc lo plo^o uaJsalJn4uJ S.t'3uol 9 'lEurrulol9.t'plo^oqo 'es?q 'snorqe13'3uo1 ruur fr"Ao :enbllqo o,r.oo:3crleu8tls :8uol ruru I :]i I + 'xede Je,roJlEu lnq Suolqo dJ,t\o.uEuleluoseld-uellod :s[o]q"13 ,uo1eq u,{\op lueq l? '8uot '3uo1 .4l3uoJls'proru8rs ^llqSlls ruu LuuI + JoJ qlur:t:ed qlrt Sutreqoc 6a 9Z tllsld'Suolqo I rulu :F 'poqo1 ,(Fep8errt pue ,(1e1nce salrrs snoa,lSod|H pocnpoJd ,(Juoqs Z i3uo1 '.r?lncl^"u 'clldllte e,rqceuuoc ruur + rli KV\}JJE[ s.Dlltu{ xod? 1" reSuol S.I 'uoqs 'e1nc3 'slldrlla are l"ql sr-r€qluecnlsu".rl qll{\ tuacseqnd-pessaJdde dll!\oJl?u qull :Jt"q Jeddn ur eprsur elnsrq equ :sJl"Ll ellq,t-luecnlsu€Jl qll!\ eplslno pu" eplsul olnsjlq .{1goqs 'ruro;r1g s,\\"lc :8uo[ ruu quIJ pexeuer Surpnlcut Suol luru qlu'lQd ? + 'lelJoqs SZ-ZZ 'sJlztl 'ruze:c se1,{1s:u,\{oJq el?d ol uoPloa s./r,rl.r1J .I3,to.u"u sPDtq ptoll 'elnc" 'paunldn 'lBcluoj eled'pedsuc qlr,r esoluorrlol l"rl,\\aluos xed? pe asxa :pesolcuo 'sp.re,tdn '8uo[ eieq,r s:req snourgnxeJ qll,lt elnsrlq ,{losuap Jep?o.lq 1nq J"euII urru 8 L 'u,trorq 'esolueruol-,{11oo,n '3uo1 'pe^lnaer sllDtq uotawoJ eled Jo olrq,\\ ,t1osolc luul t-€ 'lelqcusJq 'sos?qr?ln8uurl ,tl,roJr?u ruo.IJollrFqns dol lulrr 8-€ r3^o sQuq looryot 'ep],\\ Jo Jo'3uo1 'slseqlue -r{ slc"rq uouruoc qll'\\ epl^\ IuuI 0Z 8l ruru 91 1uc g-t ,flrf/ epr,r ruc ol 'qnrqs uqll,\\ ruets (sr?o.{ u€ql eroru) replo 1e 1y'lzprosdryla l"cl.lpull,4c 'ueer8 ? ruo{ lelqcu"Jq ,(;to1 1erele1uo a)ud)sanlJlu lq8t.rq Ssluocaq uoos lnq u,\\oJq eled lsrg 1e qluor8 ,reu :ql.lplur Jo epls qc"e uo elqrsl^ ?ultu€l Jo ec"J.Ins.I0^\ol Jo srleq ejrq,tr p511rur:elorlad uo lsISJedrlclq,tt es"q sp.re,llols:teq pedstrc ,lte; e q1t,Lt:o snorqelS ts.leq uoos Suol qlr,r elns:rq ,(lesrrds ocqrns re,ttol uo qtJplru :snoJq€cs 4lrq3Jls d:e,r ro rlloorus 'snoJq?I8 Sululoceq sJlsq possatdde lJoqs qlr^\ ]uecseqnd ,{lesreds eututzl jo ec"Jms Jeddn:eseq spls,totr 1? lou Jo os ssol'epts Ja,{\oluo xad" spl?,\\o] ueluns qlJpl(u Il? '3uo1 'el"uor :etnlo^er^losolc suISrEu :8uol urru g. eloued'epr^\ulru ruc (t)f S. I Z I 5.'8utp?3Jds 1 i -cnur ^l oqs 'elnc" ol 3snlqo 'r€eull 'pe^lncut ,{llrl8lls lo l"q,\\eluos Jo lae.ro satoaT eseq l" sll,{qdord elelnqns,\\3J?:s3uo le8uol,,\\eJ" pul? s:ter1ellq,tl podst.rc 'pall?u 'lu3]s qlr,\\ esolueutol-,4rtoq staflJuo,tg e^oq"-ptqcu?lq qcftlu I?sBq elSuls " qll,r'roqnlouSlT 1noq1t.t (cpr,t u€ql rell€] [1ensn) 11e1ur Z ol qnrqs e pold atn7o77 's.Ileq pelJn3 olls qlr,r ,{1eso1cpue sJleq autpttords gll\\ elnsJlq Lua$ SLtqpaas elnlo,\er ^losolc luaJseqnd 'porelltcs o:oru sur8rer.uq1r,r Jo,ro.rJ"u lnq l?l[uls eslt\]eqlo'3uo1 ruc a.7 o1 dn se,rzel ',{[oo,\\-e]lq,\\ :eddn lsu13reur pe,uncer ,{q pel?ocuoc lou 3c",J.InsJe,\\ol :olns.rq -{lesool 'osnlqo 'JBaull 'suopel,{lot ^\oleq qup[u pue eJ"Jrns reddn i3uo1 ruul 8 t-8 eloqe lutu S-t 'sJr?d 'sno]q?I8 '?uol tso,rol oql elrsoddo uI lsJU 1?.radtal Snlpaas pet Jo ueoJ8 ruru €-Z 'j€paeF 'e]InP' '8ulp€eJds 'uo€13 3uo1 ruut t-Z salcune :ssele^]eu + Ilnp 'epl,f,L I&uodIH'avoI 'SulpteJds 'etE^oqo rrru l-Z LULIJLl-Zl ^I,{.oJl?u (SSO AtA) suopal!(\o) 'solceds aql Jo t€tlgBq 'qsr?ru 'soa,llDwpJ 'aLuDu ,{dt,t,t?.{\saql 01 ecueJeJeJur e Jo {ooJC egl wotg lo uoltoqJa(J

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L 440 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981

Although closelyrelated to Banksialeptophylla A. S. George,and in northern areas showingsometimes a tendencyto intergradewith that species,,8. telmatiaeqis regarded as wodhy of specificrank. It typically has short leaves,a cylindricalinflorescence, with flowers shorter and follicles smallerthan ]n letpophylla. In most localitiesit grows in swamps,whereas leptophylla usually occurs in deep, well-drainedsand. The winter floweringseason is much more clearly definedthan the summerand winter floweringof leptophylla. The specieswas first collectedin the late 1830s-early1840s by Preissand Drummond and has until now beenincluded with Banksiasphaerocorpc R.Br., e.g.by Meissner(1856) and Benthan(1870).

64. Banksialaricina C. Gardner J. Roy.Soc. W. Austral.4T:57 (1964). "Hab. T))pe citation: in dist. Darling prope flumen Moore et Beermullah, in arenosis depressissubhumidis, fl. m. Jun.-Julio, Gardner 12840". Holo: PERTH, a collection "Type from Beermullah, Gardner 12840, and labelled by him Specimen"; iso: PERTH; syn: PERTH, a collection by Gardner labelled Moore River. Both collections were made in July 1958 and contain only flowering material. Cotyledons (Fig. 9.59) narrowly obovate, 10-12 mm long, 4-7 rnm wide, slightly curved, + nerveless, medium green, the margin solretifires red; auricles descending, acute, l 5 mm long. Hypocotyl slender, appressed-pubescent,green. Seedling lea.ves not recorded. Mature plunt a shrub to 1.7 m tall without lignotuber. Sleia single at base, much- branclred aboye. Branchlets when young sparsely hirsute with long straight hairs and hoary with short, crisped hairs, the former soon disappearing, f densely leaved, often without bracts at base but sometimes with a few deciduous narrowly subulate prophylls 3 4 mm long. Zeayesscattered but usually crowded, linear, spreading, straight or slightly recurved, acute, + pungent, bright green, 5 15 mm long, :l_ 0.8 mm broad; margins revolute, the midrib below flat and sunken; upper surface sparselyhirsute, soon glabrous; midrib below sparselyhirsute with long hairs, soon glabrous; petiole 1-1 .5 mm long, pubescent with short, crisped hairs. Inflorescenceon shofi leafy, lateral branchlet, oc- casionally terminal but then with a whorl of lateral branchlets immediately below, obovoid to doliforn.r, 5 cm broad at anthesis. Axis l. 52. 5 cm lotg, 2-3 mm wide, 6-7 mm wide with common bracts. Involucrql brqcts alo\g 5-15 cm of branchlet below spike, subulate, 2-3 mm long; base swollen, tomentose with crisped hairs, the apex glabtous. Common bracts oblotg, flat, broadened upwards, 2 mm 1ong, densely hirsute with pale-ferruginous hairs; exserted aper shortly conical, upturned, obtuse, with shofter cuded hairs, grey. Florql brqcts similar but narrowet and shorter. Flowers pale yellow including styles, but perianth drying red-brown. Perianth l7 19 mm long including limb of 2 2. 5 mm, somewhat bent downwards above base, then straight, much relaxed after anthesis; claws filiform, flat, t 0'l mm wide, appressed-pubescentoutside with straight hairs, glabrous inside; limb fusiform, almost acute, appressed-prbescent. Anthers broadly elliptic, 1-1.3 mm long. Hypogynous scales oblong, obtusely 2Jobed, + 1 mm long, free from each other but adhering to perianth at base. Pir/i/ t 27-30 mm long, glabrous, apex recuffed; pollen-presenter + ovoid, obtuse, + 0.3 mm long, somewhat wrinkled around base; apex pale, the stigmatic groove lateral, ovary glabrous, t 0.5 mm lorll. Inftuct- escenceof up to 25 follicles, f spherical, 8 9 cm diam., tbe old flowers early deciduous; common and floral bracts indurated but almost obscured except at baseand apex of spike. Follicles 2223 mm long, 192'l mm high, 14-18 mm wide at base, much thinner above; valves + semi-circular, slightly oblique, somewhat undulate; closely tomentose with short crisped hairs and scattered longer ones, persistent only on the thickened base; ridge obtuse; suture prominent; follicles opening widely to 12 20 mm, bent at fron top of thickened portion; lips 3-4 mm wide, dark brown; inner surface | undulate but smooth, pale brown. Seed obovate, 27-35 mm long; seed body f narrowly cuneate, 9 11 mm "beak"; long, 3 4 mm wide, anti-stylar margin + straight, stylar margin curved with stiff inner surface dark brown, slightly undulate, glistening, outer surface _f unevenly ridged, '8ulp?oJds 'asaq 'J?eurT otr toe.Ie'patolpcs sana7 w sJl.(qdord snonplJep ,l "'seild? 'lnoq8no:q1 _{ spr"tr\ol pop.rorc erolu so^?oloqt ,{.1te1+ :sr?0,4Z + JoJ Eutlslslad JouroJ oql 'seuo 'ltoqs 'reqrllou lq8Flls re8uoy pue s:leq pedsuc qll,\\ esolueruol-f.Ieoq sPl\)uDJg -311z ruor.1 Bursus sruols ,{u"," qr',nn epl\\ ru I pu' tt." ir".?Jlil;r|t::li:rtt:I^rr" ,(lelurperurur 8urdo1a,,r.apseqcu"Jq pJJl?[ :elnsrtg ,{lasool wa$ SuuPaaS e}lq,tl '8uolIoo^\ Jo eurT,&oJJBu e ldocxe ecegrnsJa,4{ol Sull?ecuoc Pu? elnlo^el d11q34e:our rua € 01 se^?olJeq8rq:l?lrrurs esllueqlo'3uo1 urc 6.1 o1 so,{?alos.ro 0I lxou :esolueruolallq,{\ '3lqrsr^ ec"JJnsJo,\\ol :sJI"q Surpee:dsqll,{\ elnsllq ,(1esoo1,toleq qIJPIlu pue oc?J lq8rerls 'e1n3" 'leeull 'suopelf]oc -rns reddn !a1n1o,ler-{1esoo1 sul3r?Ix eql '8uo[ ruul o^oq? 0I 6 'snorg"l8 '8uol ruur o,r1 lsJg :pep,^dora.{Ie1t:aporu sal.Dal8ullpaas per ol€d ruru € Z 'Aulpuocsap'elnc" 'ssale^reu 3uo1 ruur Z g.I salcune iueerS 1q3gq + 7y-gf'epr,tr 1Irccodt11 'pe^rnc 'eleroqo rirur 9'3uol ruur 9I tI .{11q311s ,(t,toJr?u (09'6 3rg) suopaltto3 'd'CXO'lAN 'C'I') 'D 'gCJ'l^lg (/€€puotulunrc :,,sllDrqtl8slqol '

Figure l00. Banksiaincana. Holotype, A. S. Ceorge 8644(PERTH). 'JJ?J laUUlUO leq\\etuOS'U,\\olqIJ"p 'eptslto Palllo(u 'eplsul 'od?gs pu? ezrs ur pees ol .I€lItuIs .toJDJDdaS u,tlo:q-,(aJE u,^{orq 'u lr"p '^pog pees oprs euo uo 'epIA urln Sulid :s.8pu uoqs ,|d.al" qll^^. \olq Jo luaJJncep 9Z 0Z 'Sutulqs ,{llsoul ec"Jrns Jelno 'ru"eJa pu? u,ldoJgpelllolu ,{1eug acqJns Jouu :apJ,^\ llnp 'reqlo '3ul\d uiur 9-7'3uo1 ruur SI 0I oql uo lqEtzrls + luerrncep qll.tr opISrel.{}sl}url uo pe,rrnc ,{13uoi1s'es"q asnlqo Jo elnc" 'Suolqo ol elseuna ,{1,tro::eu,{poq peas iEuol lB 'epl,||. ;dJtugg-g7 paag u,to:q 'Suutqs elcllloJ ocqrns reuul :u,torq urIII i +_sdll Jo IrEp 'possaJdd€'pedslrc :Sur,lince: 'urur 01 .{l,roJ.r"u eJg qll{\ Suluedo :slt?q luelslslad iou 8-Z 'e8pu 'es€q 'uoqs qlr,r ,{ruoq-.{a:3 :ouu erntns lesnlqo 01 pecnpord 1? pePunol I?lnlns 'q8q pu€ .{re^ 'ploquloqr-p3punol ot cIldITIa :F so^l" :epl|d.ruur luu 9l-t {crgl 'Pedola^3p _0€-01 '8uol rrrru '9€ o\ dn sapulol lou rellEl ereq,^j.ldaJxo salcrTloJu00.^\13q tE-8I 'pel€Jnpul 'pe8J"lue elqrsr^,|.\.eJ lnq ,'(FI{3Ils slceJq l"log purt uoluluoc :snonplcep uoos s:e.trbgplo eq]'ur"Ip ruc ,-p'lecueqds T u sapn.(ul Suot ulur 91.0 + 'snorq"l?.{J?^o :xad" le e^oot8 cqeu8tls i3uo1rutu 9.0'peqqu +_'asnlqo'plo^o Ielel€l'.08I 'es"q raluas?rd-uollod :snolqslS .06 qSnorql pe,rrncer .(lSuorls xad" a^ogE + '8uol 'peqol pe,rrnc .{11q311s Lulu ge 3uo1 urut I :i- flasnlqo pu" .(lJ?ln8errl 'il:uolOt lllsld 'nrl 'duo1qo salncssnuu,God'tH uut s.raLltuY + ,iq ll speocxo3lfls 1eql os €. I I 'sJr?q I srseqiire rilje pexelor qlueued :sno.Iq?I8 esl^\reqlo lqal?rls qll^\ elnsJlq xede pue 'osnlqo 'arldllla 'splslno es"q dl^\ou"u qurJl :epISuI snoJq?l3 :osJolleJ s.It"q lEs?q eql 'pe^reu-€ 'qtull 'J?eu[ luecseqnd-posse.rdd1? spJ",{\ol ldecxe l?U pu" Suueqoc slseqlu" JelJe s,r"lc :ruur qruJl Surpnlcur SuoI :uJrJrtZ lZ qlLl?ll2d-scuotselouut 3o xadz spre,t S.Z Z Jo 'se1.{1s '.ro.'ltoJreu -ot rlsrppar -{pq311s.{yleuorsecco Sutpnlcut ,,lrolte-,ilqBJJq .s.ra,olJ lnq 'pouell?U tzyuiri'ilcotq ptolg u,no:q oltd 'pournldn lnq xedt polJosxe:xede 1? 'lq3tt:1s lecruoc '3uo1 pebsric puu.rojrogs Surruocaqsl?q snour8nrrog qllt elnslq.,{tosuap ruur_7 E 'snoulSnJ.roJ 'sl"q 'nair1 ilcotq uolawo) '8urJe/ oU q8norq] guelsrs:ed ol"d podsuc 'ses?q '/i.xJ q1r,r asoluerllo] ,(lasuep '3uo1 ruu peue{clq} ruo{ al?Fqns spDJq lJoqs €-[ 'epl.\\ '3uo1 ponlo^ul slc"rq uorrrluoc q1L\\epl\\ uru 0I 8 ruur g-g luc € Z slrtl slc"rq 'plo 1e:cnlo,ruro1 ,{;ro1Jo ar"q tolqau?rq oqt sr€e.{Z ls?ol1? Iuots ruo.IJlelqcu?iq l"ral"l uo :peorq ruc uarsa.toL[uJ ueerS ll{?ug sel"el ,'rreu:luocseqnd .{tuoqs 1-! lecueqds + 'uoqs ejoqed leurruzl pue qlrplru uaa,,ti.laqluepl^a sll?q polJrlc :sJI?q SuIpEJds fllqAIS 'sjl?q lq8r?lls qll\\ elnsrn{ ,{\oleq quplu :snoJq?I3 Suuuoceq pesseJdd" Surp?olds + ol 'lq8re:1s 'xe^ q1r,t luocsaqnd lsJg t" ecqJns :addn isut8reur qll'\\ Ie^el ro la{uns fllq8lls -u6i,{pq311i ro leg sr qcrq.{\ qrrplru tsul"8" elnlo^.J ,{lesolc sul8r€ru :8uo[ ruur 7-1 elo4ed 'peorq '3uo1 'oJcrlur 'pe^.Inc ruru 7-9. 1 ruo 9 I lueBund z qll,n elnc? ,{llq8lls .lo 1q3ter1s 'tl slrrng J V trroJl u^\]]rc .f x etuerselrnlJul DuDrrt!DlslaDg l0l eJniIJ

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| 444 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)1981

Distribution.(Fig. 97) South West WesternAustralia, betweenthe Arrowsmith River In and Perth. su Selecteclcollections. S of EDeabba,30 Oct. 19'78,E. A. Grifin 1381(PERTH); Coonallo Creek, in 30'11'S, SI 115'23'E,15 Dec. 1976,R. J. Hnatiuk761395 (PERTH); W of NW corner of BadgingarraNational Fl Park,26 March1977, A. S. Georye14411(PERTH); Near Gingin, July 1943,C. A. GaNlet s.n.(PER.'|H); IA Belmont,Nov. 1925,H. Steedman(PERTH); Orange Crove, 28 Jan. 19'72,A. S. Georf'e11259 (CANB, m PERTH). m Habitat. \n deep sand or sand over laterite, in open- or closed-heath, tall shrubland or hi low open-woodland, often associated wrlh Bqnksia menzies[i and B. attenuats. in ol Flowering periocl. November to April, sonetimes continuing into winter. h Bqnlcsiq incana may be recognisedby the presenceof a lignotuber, the bright yellow tTt flowers, the perianth which is quite glabrous inside, the alnost-glabrous limb, and the pl large follicles which are closely tomentose with short curled hairs, with the old perianths A and styles early deciduous. The foliage is usually grey-green. When the follicles are fully grown but not mature, they are green along the ridge grading to red-brown at the b base. In comrnon with most lignotuberous species of the genus, nany inflotescences r1 set no fruit, but the flowers are early deciduous. The follicles open only a little on being 0 burlt, the thick valves scarcelyrecurving. o c The species shows variation cspecially in the leaves and follicles. The leaves are tl to 6 cm long, while usually erect and 1-3 cm long, but in some collections they are up c in others they are widely spreading and only 1 2 cm lolg. The follicles, as in most species l( with closely-packedfruit, are often somewhat irregular in shape and size. In some collec- p tions they are consistently snall for the species,in others large. Habit and floral morph- fl q dis' ology are relatively uniforrn. Relationships with B. micrd tlla and B. la ci arc a cussedunder these species, S

66. C. Gardner (Figure 87B) I b Journ.Roy. Soc. W. Austral.13: 62 (1928). tr "Hab. in distr. Stirling, ab Lake Grace orientem versus,in arenosisfruticatis Type citqtion: "TYPE s apirtis, fl. m. Decern.(C. A. Cardner)". Holo: PERTH, labelledby Gardner I Banksia violacea, Gardn. Small shrub, flrs deep violet. Lake Grace, C. A. Gardner, I 14 Dec. 1926". Iso: K, PERTH. (l B. sphaerocarpaR.Br. var. uolac?l/auctt. e.g. Blackall. How to Know W. Auslral.Wildfl, 1:130 (1954). t Thecombinaaion has not beenvalidly published. Cotyledons (Fig. 9.61) oblong to broadly linear, curved, spreading, 15 mm long, 3 mm wide, + bright green, nerveless; auricles spreading, very acute, 3 mm long. flypo- colyl slender, 15-18 mm long, loosely hirsute, greenish-red. Seedling leaves at firsl in opposite pairs, the first pair close to cotyledons or up to 5 mm above, linear, obtuse, spt.iiing. ?:13 mrn long. l6osely hirsute ab'ove,white-woolly below, the margins recurved but not concealing lower surface; higher leaves + crowded, up to 20 mm long, otherwise similar but with rnore revolute margins. Seedlittgstem hirsute. Lateral branchlets often developing just above cotyledons within a year. Mature plant a shrub to I 5 mtall and 1mbroad, usually with a singlebasal stem, much-branched above, rarely with many stems arising from a lignotuber. Branchlets pubescent with short crisped and long + straight hairs, the hairs sometimes persistent ior 1-2 years, sometimes becoming glabrous within a year; subuJateprophylls crowded on basal I cm of branchlet but soon deciduous, above denselyleaved throughout. Leaves scattered, erect, linear, obtuse, rarely aclte, mostly 1-2 cm long, sometimes to 3 cm or as short as ? mm, * 1 5 mm wide, petiole 1-2 mm; margins tightly revolute, touching midrib which is flat or gently convex and slightly depressed; lamina above and midrib below loosely hirsute with straight, appressed hairs soon becoming glabrous; petiole pubescent with crisped hairs becoming glabrous; new leaves bright green. Inforescence on lateral leafy branchlet, ,l- spherical, 6-7 cm diam. at anthesis. Axis 2-3 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, 10-12 mm wide with common bracts; basal 5 mm of axis without flowers. Ql)-L16Ll 'DDopln oleluDg Jo trortnqulsr( Z0Tern8rl i1') -l l r- ,, ,f (5 \r^L"/ 1l lT rl

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low Hqbitat. tn white sand or sandy loam over laterite, clay or quartzite, in open-heath, with ;ir;;6il;i;t iuli op"n shrr.rblind with 'rallee EucalvptLrs;sometimes sympatric B. sphaerocarpaYat. caesia. Flowering perlod. November to February, a few flowers as late as May or as early as October. purple Banlcsia violacea may be recognised by its short Ltsually obttrse leaves,itl or outot. unO'*r..nno*er. ind its llaitened.ilosell pube:centfollicles {\iscid rhen loung) Ii,[ o.iri.,?"i "tJ fio\\er5. ll shon. the usualrariation ol Banksiaspecies.in size.of l.ri etl ffo*.tt and fruit but generlll5is con:islentin ils features lhe most interesting "rti"",i "* severalpopulariois in the north-uesternpart of thespecie''- range' e g Ceorge -while pop- |qiii.1+gz1. i5268'. the speciestypically has no ljgnotuber,plants-of these ufr,iont uJpuranifvdo hare them.though'ihe1 haue not beenseen-in po't-fire situalions' ge'us. if,il i, it d ."tr raion in the ,qbietinacii uhich both statesoccttr. Throttghoul the in"fu.t, th. prar"n"a ot absenceof a lignotuberor fire-Iesistantstelns is usuallyconsistent *it1rin u tu"bn. The only other specieJ*hich variesin this respectis the very polymorphic B, mqrginqta Cav.

6?, Banksia meisneri Lehm. P]'Preiss,1:582(35Nov.1845)Sirmua|lerumcis|lei|.Lehm.)Kuntze'Rev.Gen'P1.2|582(1891). ,fvDpdtatit,n:"ln planitiearenosa prima cis frum.Cordon Hay' m Ocl l840 Herb' i,i6iir.X".488". Frornseveral isorypes I ha\eselectcd as lectotype r sheetat LD bcaring ,,Frutex "Gordon" u-Fi"i$ t"o.t 2_3_pedalis."Inplanitie arenosa prima cis fluvium iff"ti-S"-. ""-. 382 Octbr.'40. L. Preisslegit" and the number 488 Iso: B' L' MEL ihe'ipecimens are in old flower. uide' trervelcss' Cot\tlc,lons1Fig. 9.b2t narrowly obo\a1e. l0 t2 lnm long'4 5 mm rn.Aiut'st"in: ,u"riclesspreading. acute. 2 mln long' Hypucrttyl 2 5 3 5 crn long' pairs ii.na.i. eiuUrou., ereen. Set,tlinB/eaves crouded. the first feu in opposite .iii. uUo"".coryledins, spreading.-linear. obtuse. 7 ll mm long-hirsute abore including ;i;;;;;l ,uri i,i tonghairs. uh"ire-uoolly belou. marginsIoocely revolule higherleares S,nitu. t.'t ,"ot" closeiy revolute, acute, tLose of .var. meisneri remaining widely spreading ot teR.r"d, t I 5 mm'wide, those of var. ascendensspreading, then erect, much narrower {+ 0.5 mmt with margins more revolute than in vat meisneri; seedlingstem hirsute *i6- rirulghi hiirs and"pubescentwith short curled hairs, some I persistent;lateral branches soon developing above cotyledons. Mature plsnt a shrub to 2 m with.a single basal stem.and much branched above; no lGtrotub"i. Brqnchlets tomentose with short crisped-and long spreading hairs, some ""triiGnt for 2-3 years; a few subulate, tomentose prophylls for up to I cm from.base, J deciduous. /.,.''cs scattered, f reflexed from the top of the petiole or erect, linear- elliptic to linear, shortly mucronatewith a slightly upturned-nucro, 3 15 mm long in- . "i"iins o p"tiof. of 0 . 511 mm" I 1 5 mm broad, 'rargins revolute, often almost touching, itr" -iArl6 depressedon lower side; lamina hirsute-above wh-enyoung with,spreading iiulrr, U..o-irig glabrous except the margins; midrjb.below also hirsute. Inflorescence- .r Gt.i"i branitrftt, occasionally terminal, the branchlets leafy to within I cm or so of lni1oi"t".n"" where there are subulate involucral bracts 2-3 cm long, becoming more nr*"tous and forming the involucre around base of inflorescence Axis 2 3 cm long, 1Ij -- *iae, 9-11 min wide including common b-rac^ts. Common bratts broadly linear, 3 ;J;n.r long, tienselyhirsute with straight, pale ferruginoushairs; exsertedapex l: Lni"uf, oUtur.l upturned, tomentose.with pale hairs. Flo.ral bracls similar tut slightly .toii.r un,t narrouer. f/orrcrs gotden-brown: styles 5ellou. Pcriunth 7-q mm long inifudine limb of 1 5 'rm; claws filiform, 1 0 3 mm uide, denselyhirsute outsidewith ihort an"dlong curled hairs, glabro's-Hypogyn'us inside; limb elliptic, obtuse to aln''ost acxte, glabrous. )ithrrt + 0:9 mrn long. scales oblong. obtuse' irregularly lobed, :L 0 8 -I]r ton*. plstil 20 mi long. recurvedbelou apex. glabrou': pollen-presenterfttnnel- 'trup.o,t :0 4 mm long aid broad. the.ape\-flattened-convex' margins on.opposite .ia"i "iod""ed into smalflobes with a \ertical flange between them on one side, along '(HJUid, u s.V,ru,d.g'H.'9961tr€trr'{ 'uoproluoJ :(Hlufd) 990t/i'lJllq 'dnrsur4 j:i,,d dn'{osueo^\req 's ,4,t tt6t lcs 13 :iil-Ji-gii u. i 7't|el 3'o .9-,,y9F€^c-pueroor{ 'iadijodir-oiotppenreeN:(11196) y1g1rauptog:v'3'77611ttdv 8'oIIloJJo g'efnt^'l sua!ltaIo) papalas 'ueplelu0I puzdnr'u';4'erTror uee^\'oq':fil'J." :::::J::ir"'1"1,:::;fi'-' r::",il:*,'l?A 'luqe-I 'vl9 Irauslaur Irauslau u!s{u8g '( L) D al{r re/. €r Jo uollnqlllslc tol oJnBU lnd g ptt1 (a) saapu so te^ l)aaslau'g'(a) !.ouo^tatu !rau''!da

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Hqbit(tt. It deep white sand on lowJying, sometimes swampy flats, usually in low or tall shrubland, e.g. wrth Kunzea ericifolia. Flowering period. Late April to August, with a few flowers into October. The short, reflexed leaves of yar. meisneri are unique in the genus. The variety is widespread but most of its known popolations are small and it cannot be considered common. Being killed by fire, both varietiesare vulnerableto frequent burning.

67B. Banksia meisneri Lehm. var. ascendensA. S. George, var. nov. Folia ascendentia, interdum patentia, 8 15 mm longa. Zype: S of Tutunup (east of Busselton)Western Australia,26 June 1973,A. S. George 11659. Holo:PERTH;iso: CANB, K, NSW, PERTH. Leavesascending, sometimes spreading,8-15 mm long. Deritatlon of name. From the Latin ascendens,ascending, in reference to the leaves, DistribLnion.(Fig. 103) South West WesternAustralia: near Busseltonand on the Scott River plains. Selectecl,collections.Scott River plains, E ofAugusta,24Oct. 1948,R. ,. Rolce2973 (PERTH); Tulunup, 2! Aprlf 1969,E. Wittiiers.n. (PERTH); E end of ScotrRi\,er plains, 20 April 1976,H. Dempsters.i. (PLRtH);Swan Ri!ercolon),J. Drnmnoud 2:138 (BM, C, K, | , MtL). Habitat. Deep white or grey sand, on or near swamp flats, in open-heath and low shrub- land, sometimes in low open-woodland with BanksiQilicfulia. Floveting period. Late April to August. Although this taxon differs from yar. neisfieti only in the erect, longer leaves,the character is consistent and gives it a diflerent aspect. The two varieties occupy similar habitats in the South West but they are nowhere sympatric. The var. ascendensrs lhe only taxon of the series Abietin.te found in the extreme South West. It is known from only a few localities in areas mostly cleared for agriculture.

68. Banksia pulchella R.Br. Trans.Linn. Soc.London 10: 202 (Feb. l8l0) Sirmu?erc pulchela (R.Br.) Kuntze,Rev. cen. Pl.2: s82(1891). "In Type citqtion: Novae Hollandiae o16.australi; Lewins Land; in ericetis aridis prope littora. (ubi v.v.)". Lecto (here chosen): BM-a sheetlabelled by Brown "I Banksia pulclella p1. 391 desc, ic. D. Bauer Ericeta prope littora sinus Bay I ora australi,'. Bay I is Lucky Bay,just eastof Esperance. Iso: BM, K. Cor)ledofls(Fi9.9.63) narrowly obovate,slightly curved, 9-10 mm long, 3 4 mm wi<1e, spreading, dullgreen; auricles vertical, I .5 rlm long, acLrte. Hypocotyl slinder, glabrous, reddlsh. Seedling /eares opposite for 3 pairs then scattered, and + crowded, the first pair 3 4 mm long, loosely revolute, hirsute above becoming glabrous, white-tomentose below; upper leaveslinear, obtuse, 8-15 mm long, tightly revolute, indunentum as in first leaves. Seedling stem sparsely hirsute becoming glabrous; lateral branches often forming in axils of cotyledons within a year. , l4atltrg plant a shrub to I m tall without lignotuber. Bctsctlsteru single, openly branched aboye. Bark + smooth. grey.. Br,ctnchletswhen very young sparsely hirsute with long straight hairs which are soon deciduous except r few around petioles; a few linear obtuse prophylls near the base, the rernainder leafy. Leaves sclttered, linear, straightor slightlyincurved, erect, obtuse, 4 l3 mm long includingpetiole of l-l .5 mm, f 1 mm wide; margins closely revolute; midrib sunken on lower surface, flat or slightly con- cave; lamina when very young sparselyhirsute, soon glabrous except the white wool'of the lower surface. Inforescence terminal usually on lateral leafy branchlet, cylindrical, 20,25 mm wide jusl before anthesis,.35-50mm with styles expanded. Axis 20 ,5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 5-7 mm wide including common bracls. Inyolucral bracts spreadover 2 3 mm of branch,subulate from thick bases,2 3 mm long, inner surfaceand ouisidemargins toment- 'snolq€I3 'olnsllq 'JzltrLr\s Sultuoceq ^losJ"ds uQls Su PaaS ':1ncu'3uo1 esr,rr)qlo tutu 0Z o]'JJtluo'JBeull^l,toJ.l?u s3^€el leq8tq lalnlo,ror01 pe^lncer sui8:eLuaqt {olJq,{lloo,ll,(1:soo;:roqz llnslrq IIJsJ?ds'3uo1ru t-u 8 g'PJqolrq 53Lurr -eulos'3snlqo 'el?aunc.{[,{\ojr?u d]e^ o] l"eutl'suopJJ^loc :\oq" esolasolql lo o'{\l lsJU 'por 'repuols :pep,rorc sitoal Suupaag (o11anu,ra;>l3^) snojq€I8 to (sw|nu re,t) elnsrtq "3uo1 'e1nce 'Sulpuocsep ,iu6t *r,, ruru 91 selcun€ :sur8r?ru Etil iitocoati 9.7'olelnJllor '8uol uooreur-per- i1rfi ireera lq8rrq'uiSjeur o1 utrrpeur fllureS'epr,tr. ruru 0I 9 rurll 'ainpzeitis 'anbrlqo sLloPdlllo) 71-11 reddn qlt,tr ele^oqo (996't96 s8ll) 'iI'>{'IC'n{ :osl ,{u"t l ltg t1e:1snz?ro eleol.rg16g .rpord su€lnu 'purl1o11.,2081 ?rs{u"g pu",,Z08l .{ue1 ^\eN }s?oJ qlnos'I. oN I€B r"eu sql?eH uo pu€ eJ, 'hlg sllrH u3rr"g,, slJq?l u.\\org z qll,\\ :(uesoqj 3Jeq) olca.l .,(^^ rqn) ?Jollll edo:d srprrr snaclJeuI :pue'l sul\e1 :Ilellsn€ gJo o?Ipu"lloH a?^oN u[,, :uo!1DlpaatJ '(1061) z8s:z ld ueD ^od'ezturl) (r'gU) saotnuDGllanu)tS-(OI8I qol) €02:0Iuopuo-I .oS uul-I'su€rl (S0I pue tol sern8tg) rg'1 suslnuBls{uEfl'69 'ur:oJrun ,{11ecr8oloqdrourst satcedsaq1 tg)d Dlnuao g Jo l€q} uo{ ulJoJ luelaJlp 'riieqi otsltlug reqlo fu" ;o auieq ol peuguoc osle st rslueserd-uellod el"urqrnl eYL itt .rnqr i"1n.,ir sr sircods o,n1 eseqi uI qlu€ued eqJ ecuocselonlJutpelced ,{pq8p e u1 're8uol 'r3lclql sdlcrlcig.reiieurs aql pire 'seneeluoo.r-3-,{jr8 lcore eq} :llq"q uodo elour Jql fq pjqiinauasrp oq u"r lnq ulle'l lrlusDw 6r ot poleler flesolc st olldplnd alsluog 'J31Ur,{\,{ll€0 pu€ Jauruns ur sI Sur]o,rou l"ed eql :Jt3,( erJlJo s3t[D II" ]" Peplocal ueaq o^?q sJe^\oIJ fottad SuJafurl! 'slw.taw D4,taqwD1pue DsonddsDrvluoB qTvt\pel€Icoss" 'q1r:aq-uedo 'pu"lqnJqs 'pu?s uego pu? pu"lqnlqs-uodo ll"l ul eltL1,uda:p ul tottqoH '(HIU3d) u s.rarp.rDD tro '{eg e}rlsersl:(Hluad '(JV) I d 'poEseu V J'lt6l 0S6Z,r.itl1 't96t ldcs0l lt\t Jo /A tu)l 0t :(HlUEd) 6zltl .DuPrDtV J'2961 ldesZ'pu€rC el edeJ :(HJdf,d) y'Mltsn3nv0I'uosqrCJo (LuIZt) sellul0Z:(HpJE tILl l2aPiDDY J 'iie1 6ttt,r,{oy'erueredsg:es51 O N 'sdroqlsua Gln ZZ :(HMd) /ZZl ua D /1,1t'1961q.reIAI 9T eX Jo g (tu{ lt) s6rruft:(Hiuga) usaBn)DS t'696tlEI,i{}Z'unol5doHJoN(LuIZ)s6lr$9.1'suolpa or PatDPS 'pu"lul rul 0t ot dn Sulpuelx€'^"8 3lrla"rslpu€ lclul ru€qlnJ uoa,\\teq:"rlsrlsnv urelseiN]s3^A qlnos (f0I 3ll) uottnqltN!Q 'u,rorq'azrs pue edeqs ur pooso1 lBllurts .rolo.todag qloorus pu€ u,{\olq-,{el8 epls}no Il"p 'el€ounc rJlnp pu? qsrutr\oJq eprsul 'lulod lBl^ls ollsoddo epISu,\\op Sulpuelxe {c"lq 'apISuI)rep 'xe^uoc 'lq8teJls dirrn :eprslnou,{olq IJ"lq epts sllsoddo + pue ro8uol aql epls r?l&s qlr^\ anbJlqo-:utBJ"Lu Jaddn'esnlqolo elnc" es€q'opl\\ ulul S e Z'Suolluru tl t 'Suolqo ol al"eunc ,{l,norreu -,(poqpeos i3uo1 uttu paas u,\\olq I.Iep'epl,\ ruu I 0 'turu OZ-ZI + sdll :8ur^Jncel .{1ac:ecs.ro tou se^l"A eqt I o1 alu qtl^\ Su]uodo selsllloJ :al?lnpun 'euu 'slt"q 'clldllle + eJntns:snoJqelA SuruoJaq s1.red pesodxa eql Sulpte;ds qll\\ olnsrlq -[ues sJ^L€^:pasodx:,{laucrs_uauo 'epl,\\ ruur dn'qBIq ruru ()1dn'?uol rtlul 1o1 f 'leln8us ll-8 s)7ll7rg rllooruspue snorq"li SulruoJoqs"el€ pesodxolnq esolueutol .lo clldllle ,(1rz|r3or:r'xe^uoc 01 se du eql'peletnpul pu? pe8j€lueslt"lq :snonplcep,{lJeosal-{ls l€U 'JEln8e.ur 'plo^oqo pue sqluerred plo :,{eJB'epl^\ otc y-g '3uo1 ruJ g-t ueuo Jo plo,^o 'pcr.reqds atuatsaltn{u1 sno.Iq€13 '3uol ruru g.g ,{le,to :l€uIuIrel e,\ool8 clleru8I}s : ol xed" '8uol ruut 'JelnqolS-el"ulqtnlJolueseld-uollod :pe^lnml xed? ot{l l?cruoc l€U 2.0 'qluztrad 'snorq"l3 '8uuad?l ueqt.{1"^o o^oq" peue{Jrll '3ool ruul 01 es"q 1€ 'peqo1 tz-rI 71ts.t7 'esnlqo 'Buolqo Suueqoc roqlo qcao uoJJ eeJJ'3uo1 Luu.t g .6 .,tll.loqsserulleuos tnq 1 'pllql -J"aurl salrJ"r snoul3otltr1| stueulBlg llorls uo Suol tutu 9 0 le,\\ol uI lep"oJq lnq 'snorq"l8 'esnlqo 'pJrrlt ctldrye atpuy e[?d surS]Bureql + re,\\ol ut repzorq ,{11q311s 'paxauar 's.rteq ]nq cDdrlle qlurl :aprsul snorq"lS Sulp"eJdslJoqs pu€ 3uo1 qll,t epts -lno elnsJILI,{lesuep 'sp.rE,udnpe,\\oJt"u ,(11enper8pu€ ePI'{\ ultu s,,\\"lc '^\ollzi Z 0-I.0'ruloJllg :r-llurE.l-I;o qru11Surpnycur Suol ur(I OI-8 qryoled lqguq sel-{ls:u,uorq-ueploS sralio/j palJosxo ,{letl"cs seald? eql pu" .I3^\olj"u 'lauoqs lnq tBllrults spDq 'peurnldn 'lecluoclDtol! 'seuo SuoJ ,uej t pu? srI"q ,4er8 papnc JelJorls qlllr. '(DqAIls lq8rrrls '{cql '8uol 'JBeuIT xedr pegesxe :sJr€q snouISnJJeJqll^{ elnstq ,{lasuep ruru S Z Z o} 's.rl?g 'lloqs eleeunc ,{1,ro::eu sDD)q uowwoJ tnoq8nolql ,{ll"uolsPcco pollnc qll,!\ eso 'e8roo0 rrslrrf,r S y

t 450 NuylsiaVol.3 (3)l98l

M.1twe plqnt a shrub to I .3 m tall, I 2 m wide, without lignotuber, single-stemmed a-t base, much-branched above and usually dense, Branchlets glabrous excepting a few curled hairs in the axils, with several subulate prophylls near the base, denselyJeaved above especially a1 apex; older branches with the bark peeling in thin, irregular, reddish or grey and brown flakes, Leqtes scattered,spreading or erect, linea-r,straight or curved, acuteto pungent, l0 28 mnr long, 0.5-1.25 mm wide, the petiole2-3 mm long; margins closely revolute, often almost touching and concealing the sunken midrib; upper surface glabrous e\cepting a few stra.ighthairs when very young! the lower surface white-woolly; foliage often with blue linge. Inforescence lerminating a lateral leafy branchlet or on a- short peduncle on an older stem, mostly somewhat concealed within shrub, pendent; stem below inflorescence with many bracts passing into the involucre, Axis 4-7 cm long, 3 5 mnr wide, l0-14 mm wide with common btacts,bearing flowers a-lmost to base; floral development acropetal. Inyolucral lr,'actssubulate from broa-d bases,lower ones 2 3 mm long and pubescent,upper onesto 4 mm long and pubescentonly at baseand apex, otherwiseglabrous. Conrruon bracts lilreat,4 5 mm long, thick, denselyhirsute with ferruginoushairs shorter apically; exposedaper expanded,flattened, :l- wrinkled, glabrous, when fresh bright green, or reddish-purple when exposed to hght Floral b/acl,r similar but narrower and with smaller apices. Flol ers pinkish pr-rrple in bud, purplish-brown at anthesis; strongly onion-scented; styles cream. Periantll 22-29 mm long, including lirnb of 2 5-3 5 mm, + straight but limb abruptly reflexed; claws filiform, 0 2 mm wide, appressed-pubescentoutside, and inside along margins which often adhere for 3/4 of length; limb narrowly elliptic-oblong, almost acute, shortly appressed-pubescent at base, the apex glabrous. Anthers elliptlc, f I mm long, filaments I mm long. Htp- ogynous scales narrowly linear, almost acute, entire, 2 mm long, free from each other, adhering to perianth at base. Prs/l/ 22-36 mm long (20-33 mm to bend), strorgly re- curved below apex, glabrous; pollen-presenterovoid or narow, + I mm long, mostly dark red-brown; stigmatic groove lateral to apex; ovary + I mm long, glabrous or shortly pubescent. Inrtuckscence spherical-oblong, 6 10 cn.r long, 6 8 cm wide; old perianths and styles persistent but often squeezedout or obscured by the massive follicles. Fol1icle,r much enlarged, broadly oblong to narrowly elliptic in plan view, 18-40 mm long, 8-1 5 mm

Figure I04. Banl^ia utans var. cernuella. A-Habit, + 50 cm lall (W of WoodanilliDg,W,A.). B-^ Young inflorescence,showing involuctal bragtsend comlnon bragts(Scal9 in mII],) it3,r,tvfi;i!%q'fi#iit3;i;i#';'d'.i9.,jft=s::".#,"--lt+;;1;v,li1,{i,J;hf,;fu*

t)tsIuDg 'e?roe9'S 452 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3)l98t

high, 8-38 mm wide, :| flattened on top; valves broad and thick, often laterally flanged, usually very rugose or wrinkled except on each side of the very narrow suture where + smooth, green when young becoming pale brown or grey, loosely and shortly hirsute becoming glabrous; in western populations the valves less wrinkled but the lateral flange more angular; follicles opening with fire very narrowly, to 2-4 mm, not recurved. Seeds cuneateto broadly obovate, 15 27 mm long; seedt:ody 7-12 mm long,4-7 mm wide, almost semi-orbicular but very oblique; stylar margin + straight, the other very convex, base obtuse; inner surface smooth, shining, brown; outer surface dull, pale brown, + mottled; wing I 5 25 mm wide, fairly evenly expanded, decurrent down side of seed body opposite style, scarious, dark brown outside with golden-brown centre, mottled; pale brown inside, not mottled. Separator similar to seed in shape and size, rather thin, lorver half pale brown, upper dark dull brown, inner surface shining; r.rpper margin of wiogs 1 undula,te. Banksiq nutans rs a distinctive member of Abietinae, recognisedby its crowded, bluish- green short leaves, its pendulous inflorescencewith acropetal developnent and its flat- topped, rugose to slightly rugose follicles. The onion-like scent of the flowers is unique to the species. There are two varieties, distinguished by the size of the follicles and to a lesserextent the size of the flowers.

69A. Banksia nutans R.Br. var. nutans (Figure 105) - Periqnth 25-33 mm long; Iimtr ]-3.5 mm long. Prsril 28 36 mm long. Follicles 25-40 mm long, 10-15 mm high,_.I5-38mm wide, flattenedon top, often laterilly flanged, usually very rugose,sometimes slightly so. Distribution. (Fig. 107) South West Western Australia, from the east side of the pallinup River to Israelite Bay, within 30 km of the coast. Selecredcollecriont. l0 mile.r48Lm) Wof BremerBal,2T Ocl. 1q65. A. S. G?ottto9l4 tpl:RTH I S cnd ol MiddleMr. Barren.27 Jan.t976. A. M. Cpo,'ge22 (pFRTH);Dallup. W 6f E-Derance.Jan. 19J5. C.A.Gaftler s.n.(PERTH);3 km WSW offsraejite BayrLrins,7 Jan.19j9,b. Barnsley 347(CBG.pERTH): Habitat. In deep white or grey sand, sometimes over gravel, or on coastal consolidated dunes, in tall shrubland, tall open shrubland and open scrub. Flowering period. November to February. Bdnksia nutqns yar. nuta s is fairly uniform in habit and inflorescencebut variable in leaves and follicles. The leaves are usually fine and crowded but in a few collections are-morewidely_spaced, spreading_and 1.5 mm broad, e.g. Duke of OrleansBay, 2 Oct. 1968,_A. E. Orchard 1324 (AD, PERTH). The follicles ilre typically very rugose,and rounded at the edges,but in westernpopulations they are often;nly itigtitiy rrftose and the edgesare rather narrow, sometimesoverhanging. When burnt the follicles open very narrowly.

698. Banksia nutans R.Br. var. cernuella A. S. George, var. nov. (Figures 105 and 106) , ..!elqn!hlL!m22 _24 mm iongtlmlimb^o 2_.5-3 mm longo inciudens. pistittun 22-25mrn longum. Folliculi18 30 mm iongi, 8-12 mm alti, 8-15 mm lati, supta + complanatised con\,exi, paru- ,igo.i vel corrugau. Type: SW-of Pallinup River on HasselHwy., Western Australia, 28 Jan. 1978,.4. S. George15092. Holo: PERTH;iso: CANB, K. pistit ^ ...P9riqn1h-!224 .mm long-,including limb 2 5 J mm long. 22-25 mm long. Follicles18.30. mm long,8-l2mm high.8 15 mm wide, + fltttened but convexon to[, flanged,slightly rugose or wrinkled. Derivation of nane. From the Latin cernuus, noddlng, with the diminutive suffix-e//a, in reference to the pendulous inflorescenceand jnfructescence with smaller flowers and follicles. Dht.tibution.(Fig. 107) South Wesl Western Australia, chiefly from the Stirling Range to Albany and east almost to the Pallinup River, with an ouilier near Woodanllling." a

'(HlUg

,Js1rr€r 'g8loeo 'S 'V 454 NuytsiaVol. I (l) l98l

b b ti

Figue 107. Distributionof rdrkria nulansvat. nuta s ( a) and B. utans\ar. cemuella( L )'

Selectedcollections. w of Woodanilling,29 JaD.1978, A. S. Georye15093 (AD, BRI, CANB, K',MEL' NSW.Nf. PERTH);Chester Pass, St-irlins Ra.,2 Julv1957, A.R-Main s.n.(PERTH); Soulh Stirl;ng .*a-'r .i cn"sii Fisi road.28 J;n. tsl{, A. S. Geoir'c15087 (CANB. PERTH); Gull Rock road, E of Aibany,l5 Jan.1980, l. S. G?o/ge15799 (PERTH). Habitqt. IL deep white or grey sand, often in depressions,in talL shrubland and in low open-woodland,i. g. lsith Eacalyptus occidentalis,Banksia attenuata afld Lambettia inetmis. Flowering period. Late January to early April. The variety cernuella differs from var. nutans chiefly iL its smaller flowers and much smaller, less rugose follicles. Flowering is generally later, but there is some overlap between the varieties. The distributions are disjunct, but only a short distance separates the eastern limit of var. cernuella and the western limit of var. utqns, the valley of the Pallinup River lying between them. The vat. nutans always has much larger follicles than vir. cernueila,-bul in western collections they are often less rugose than is tyPical and sometimes approach var. cernuellu in this respect. Both varieties have the same bushy habit and iurious flaky bark, though var. cetnuellq is often nore open and slender with greener foliage. Banksid fiutans var. cernuella is fairly uniform thoughout its range except for the population west of Woodanilling in which the leaYesare longer and more slender than is typical (George 14916).

SubgenusIsostylis R.Br. Prodr.396 (1810). Section,tuosr-l'/ls (R.Br.) Meissnerin DC. Prodr. 14:466(1856) Inflorescenceshofi and headlike: receptacle ovoid, less than I cm lon9. Periq ths not tightly packed. Plstll straighl, slender. Ftrl1lclesobliquely ovoid. Type species(by monotypy) : R.Bt. The subgenus ftos4rlls contains only two closely related species, B ilicifolia.R.Br. and B. cuneqla A. S. George. Both are endemic in South West Western Australia, the latter being knorvn from only four slrall populations and therefore consideredendangered. The superficial resemblancero Dr))qndrq tas prompted the suggestionthat the two species p:r:nr- (1tq8tls c r sJoor rc)tde DuElB\?q eUl'\JdP JllrJ? ol pf,^\olJ?u'{ltdrtrqe'tplz'$to.1 :g,i"ioJ srqol {ldaap'att;oeruel {lpeo.rq o1 ale\oqo {l$orreu .i, i"ina"!'rr.{tt o'r.,cu :prqol 'snorqel8'lJrql 'uoq' ""1;L;;i =uop"irtoj "'oqe pjpr,o.,rs'tbal Hu!lpttS ueerE :Surpta.rd* 'r\eJuoJol eudl L,tu E. t irnre s:lrtrnu:uaar8 llnp-'ssalr\rru '"en.rocliiJ-io,tr11 '5pr,r,r '8uol 'cr1d111: suoPafloJ 'jnluottroq { ruur 8l-Zi uur g1 g A;psre^suzrl 'ueqlueg -{q pelelouue !e^\ sleeqseql Jo 'uoN .1."9,.91"i,;it";.^1il.Ji:il'i1:*?,r'fih."il*tii:::J#;$1:t',TqlJ*\,,,?tqli# 'r:rrr nen5" tt"ttDtt) ddq (0181\ zt LuunlloJlnbv (sllf,]sosl)elsrueg,, '{olpu.r '{q pol€}ouue

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'Dautno) 'g Jo osol{l elll ,{J3,\ele sel?31Sullpees lsJg eql I lsnorqzlS sr puL, uql lorll€J sl ,(poo,\\ qanoql elcllloJ e]ql olpuD'(lQ LrI 'zrsyrrg darrabi(!etu ol t?pultsst Suluodo;o poqleul sll :suD8alaB 3o Jo l?ql !]ctql jo leqt ol .l?lrurrssr urEgp pue JsoluaurolpuE ,{poo,{\ sl slcITIoJorll t :o!filuDg Jo lectd,{1ele slceJq Ielou pu" uouluoc eql E :l€U fllErsn or? 3€urru€l noql pu? pas€q,{lpeolq lou el" spelq eqt olpuD!fuo uI :secld? elslel ',roi:eri q1r.t' paseq '\lpeotq-o1st1uag ;o 1ecrd.{1er" sla€Jq l"Icnlo^ul eq1 Z :elaeldeceJl?U " sl arogl o,tPuotrtOur:suD8ala a$laDg ol J"lIurIs sI lcadsel slql uI pu? srxe pio,\o ue s"q acuecselouul eql I :suos?el SuLtolLoJa\l toJ DtgluDg uI ularJl urElaj 1 snue8 u^\o rlsql ut ueql ectld o1 y :q oi a-rS,r,ra8ueqr Auz pue ots4uogol uEql DtpuDt'tool 5\31SuolJq rq plnoqs obzui 1t ''nuJb lJel ur FJqf uJ)iPt{ll"tuloJ uasqJ3^au seq d;ls Jql lrrq lBql ol pJJl{suejl eq ,t7$l/r€. 'e8roaD ESt S V

I I NuytsiaVoJ. 3 (3) 1981 mm long, othersup to 1 5 cm long; first leaves1-2 5 cm 1ong,{ I cm wide, with 3-4 lobes oi eachside; sinus narrowly U- to V-shaped;upper surfaceloosely hirsute.with soreadins.straisht hairs; lower suifacelong-hirsute with spreading,straight hairs; lower surfacel"ong-hiriute with straight hairs on nerves,otherwise densely woolly with curled leaws narrowly hairr; ,narlins somewhatrecurved. ,Seedlirgslefl hirsute.-luvenile obovate,ob'tuse to truncatebut mucronate,4-10cm long, 1 5-3 5 cm wide, deeplylobed' proximal the lobes f triangular; distal side shorterand usuallycurved, 5-14 mm long; side often curved,s,20 mm long, the apicaland basallobes smaller: narrowed to petiole; indumentumas in other leaves. Maturc plant a tree to l0 m. It rnlr stout,up to 50 cm diam ; bark up -to-2cm thick, nn.tuio'ioulntv fis\ured-lesseltaled,rery fibrous.grey. Branthlctsat frrst2-3 mm thick' iooritvt,ir.ui. *irh srraight.spreading hairs and closelylomentose with curledhairs. L..o#in* elubtou.after 7 3lear. tleovesmostly on bianchlets-less than 2 ycarsold' i.uri.r.Ol5ut morecrot ded towards apices: obovate-elliptic.-undulate' obttrse to lruncale usually Lur'pung.ntty'upmucronate. 3-10 cm longincluding petiole of I.10 rnm: murgins ;;"i;;i h to 14teeth on eachsidi. usuallyentire in prorirnal| 4 1.2-'sometimes ""tlri thtouehout or with few teeth; teeth -[ triangular, distal edge straight to -gently sigmoid,2-b-mmlong: apice. pungenrly mucronate. the mucro.erector turncdsllghtl) "i"r"rOr; sinusbroadiy V- ro U-s[aped:upper surlace of laminawhen young loosely Fi t irr"i. *rt1 spreadinghairs and closelytomentose with curled hairs, becomingglab_rous hairs on nerves,tomentose throughout & u"J ,t-i"iiii i"ine; io*et rrirfac" hirsute with spreading N *itf, luitr, becomingglabrous excipt in the very small lacunae;nerves at 60" 70' (r to u*i", onty thoie to teeth'ind sinusesevident, finely .reticulate between lnfior.escence F ir"J-iii ", t.i'"-i"uting a leafybranchlet usually I yearotd. not subtendedby lateraltranch- ovoid-globose,4 6 mm-long, 3-5 mm wide, l I i"ii: A"u.top-.nt ce.'ntripetit. lxis ^9-l p i". *iO" *litr common6racts, bearing 'iomentose-pubesc€ntfloweis all oyer. [nvo.lucrcl bracls linear-fusiform, .l' oti"i",-irri.t, 'p"tristentz 5 mm long, densely with grey-or pale ferruginous truitrl Utu"t, thr-oughflowering Commonbracls- linear, 3 mm long, densely F/owers paie-lrinute; dxsertedapex odtuse,roundid, tomentose. Floral bractssimilar. l i"hlt" at but'e,then deeppink for up to 6 mm, then cream,becoming dull red througho-ut; st;le; 3ream,pollen-prisenter greei Perianth32 40 mm long including limb of 2'5 4 n'm. stiaiel,t ir the outer oneicurved at base;tube slighlly swollenabove base, splitting ;b;t;;i;;g adaxialside. and recurving abarially. disrai part splitting.into.4 lobes:.claus O:j O +,i uide,shorrly appressed-fubescent oulside. glabrou' inside: limb fusiform. long on i*oll"n ut base,obtuse, gta6iout, wiiholrt prominent.71erves.. Anthets 2 mm it.ri"t nto*"ntt b'5 -- long. Hypogynous'scalesoblong,- obtuse, 2 mm long' P6li/ i.7-Z S" long,straight, or-slightiy cuned abovebase, thickened above ovary and l -mm ttli"t, tfr* tap6ied, giatious eic.pt u f.* short appress-edhairs above ovary; pollen- '5 oi"i"nt.t tttuiittt, scaicelythickenei, l-1 mm long, f oblong,obtuse, stigmatic groove 2 f,apsobliqui ar ape:r:orary glabrous. Infrucrescen.cesmall. of I .3follicles: i.iUi,"..n -j- "om-on and flriral brdcts slightJyenlaiged' indurated. Fol,licles ovate but curued, 1'+ Z "- long abovebase, ll3 2 + cm higti, l-1'6 cm wide at base;usually opening uft.t Z-i ytuti perianthsand styt.t quite-grey-tomentose de;jduous;!-alves + smooth,or wrinkled along ruiirri r6-"ti-'"s mottled, densely but- becoming glabrous^Yith age; rideeansled:suture \ery fine;follicle opening to basealong longer side' to 3 5 cm' on ,ho'rrat."id.wirh a lateraisplit each side for up lo I cmfrom stllar point leaving a truncate L"ut t "torl 'elliptic,lips 2-3 mm-wide. Seedvery oblique, + trans''/erselyelliptic, seedbody convex, transversely often irregular,9-12 mm wide,-5-7 mm high, the inner face coarrelyrr"tgose. ottter face imooth: wing terminal.-not -decurrent' narrowed upuards bur apir ro"unded.l0 l5 mm long.7 l0 mm wide.slightly wrinkled. black' Separatot 2.4-2 8 cm long,l 2 l 4 cm wide:seeds sel into carities on eachside ar base'lhe upper "ag.leepty co,icare,lower edgewith short central beak; wings-obliquely semi-elliptic, oU?"si,o'n'ttytut sidesplit only"to stylar point; much thickenedbelow this point, to l0-12 mm thick. Distribution.(Fig. 109) South West WesternAustralia: from Mt. Lesueursouth to Cape Leeuwinand eait to Albany and the Stirling Range,always within 70 km of the coast' 'seI€31 'etr?eunctsnibaunJ 'awDa padeqs-e8po,t oql 01 ocueJeJoJul ultz'I eql luou lo uo!|DtlDO 'q8lq ruul fl-OI salcrTloJ:3uol ruu 9Z lZ qluPJJ.d:8uol ruc € I sa^?e'I 'qrurl uaar8 qlr.r'qsrppar dleug pue ru?erc usqt'luld lSlU lu Surog srs,\\ou eql pu?' nlJ rl.rBq pue sra.\\og 'se,\?ol rell€rus eqt qloous eqt u|rg'id Dllo|Dlll Br luo{ sreJIO ',{\SN ') 'gNYJ 'IUS 'CV 'S "MW :osl :HJUgd :oloH S0ZlL a8roaD 'Il.6l iE,bE"fl tauot '5,6S"ttttzt '"rt"rtsnv '8ulp"rr?nd -"V ^oN OZ ut u.rolsoi6 Jo g :adtJ 'snqlp,r,,r ruLusz tz unrqruerrocl'ocui:o :€Euor tur € I "IIoc uoJrp .,q*,1 tnqari?lcnsJflH,$"t1"p'|"l!l:irrt"|tiS srecellrqob,t:e5 snqr:ofu:snqrrourur snq4cn.g 1e snquou'sIIloJ :edoel ocpro. rg ll D!tol!2!t!'gY 'ds 'eE:oeg 'Y 'IL (t l I pue 0I I sern8tg) ,tou S aluaunr Bls{us{ 'sJnoloa ro,rou slr , q pu? 'lrnrJ pu" sretr\ou'so^eal JeEr?l ')lJeq qSno: 't1qtq reErel sll ,{q peqslna 'S'y -urlsrp eq u?c sercedseql e8roog Dtoaanc 8r uolC Suunletu 1I Jo slee[ ee.Iql Jo o,1dlurqlr,r pees eql es?elar ol eJU lnoqllir{ uedo dltrsolu solcIIIoJeqJ slooqs cltulocldo '1u"lslser-eru 'uoluluoc uroJJlnoJds ol ,tllltq" eq1 qlr,{r sl lI .{le^IlEler sr salcedseqJ 'poul?turetu eq u?c r{luo{ ololtt&alut 'rct o11otrc11tg :ou .{e1pul1 MnlPJlnbD g JeqlroN seeJl uJOq ou oruos ut e8rel osle ore .{eql suorleltdod uraqlnos ut re3.re1oq '1uz1d 'ellf,{[oq ot puel sreaou pu? sol?al eqt q8noqtlv euo uo uees eq ,(?ul sql tnq 'sel"el ot eJrlue uo{ ,{lEA Jell"l oqJ 'sol?ol egl;o 3utqo1 eql uI pu? 'lln{ pu" ste,t,rog ezrs oq1 ur sreedd? uonet:e,t ooJl Jo qnJqs Sutpee:ds e st 1t Jo lec6oloqdJot{'eer] llelus 'uoIsIAIp iuorlelndod l"ls"oc qlnos oruos ur lnq lcoJo ue ,(11znsnsI lI cgtcedstrSut lu?JJ?,r ol ,{lluercqns lou lnq .{Sotoqdlou pu? ltq€I{ uI elq?I.t?Ast tt11oln4tnrsluttg 'Jeruumsll.r?0 01 .relur,r elsl uro4 {"ed " qtl,|\', J?nJqaCldecxa sqluour lt? JoJ popJocou portad Sntauolg 'puelqnlqs llPlSuttuJoJ'sPur,1 's"ere eroqsuo .{q pelcoJ€ o.Ieq,!\ l?ls?oc qrrcs v lopunEnA[ as|tnN puB ol,w8tou snfi{- 'llsalzuau,t'g 'oJDnuaJp lDng Dlpluo{ sE selcadsqcns qll,\\ pu"lpoo,t\-uedo ,^{olJo luouod -uroc € s? 'sl"g Sut'ft-,trol .Io sounp pel"pllosuoa uo pu?s fer8 ro eltqlr d,eepuI tDllqoH ,ze6r'.e(r .^ueqrv '"tr,'";{51o.tlaE"t11?il(ff'Po;i rr JoN (ru)ror) sorru sz :(-rsr.^l) us t)td!{pto 'll-61 'i's uos1t.ro7t1 ^oN ue^^SrJ^lol 'rrlE,^1sfEg:(HIUaa) atuoaD'S'y ^oN t,'206I 8're^lx '(16/I IOZII SI',{[nD llaqsollco] ]o S:(r{S) salzwI,\tr / lco-ldos) punos oSrooo SLrlt'suolpalP) prpzl)S '(a) DwauD'g pte'( L) D!lo!p!l!olsl?/D€r Jo uollnqlrtslc 60I ornSIC

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;A

Figure 110. Banksi! cuneata. A Habit, 1 3 m tall B-Bark. (BothE of Quairading,w.A.).

Cotyledons (Fig. 9 661 broadly cuneate, somewhat oblique, widely spreading, 7 8 mm long, 12 mm wide, reticulate,medium green; auriclesdescending, obtuse, rL l5 mm lone. Hypocolyl 3 4 mm long, l 5 mm diam., glabrous, green. Seedling leaves crowded jmmediatelyabove cotyledons,obtuse, l5-20 mm long, 7 l0 mm wide, obovate in outline but deeplydivided eachside into I 3 linear to narrowly triangular obtuselobes, the distal side the shorter, I 5-3 mm long; margins recurved;lamina hirsute above with white hairs,more denselyso at lobe apices;midrib below hirsute,the lamina white-woolly. Seedling stem hirsute. Maturc plant a shrub or small tree to 5 m with l-severalwoody stems,without ligno- lrber. Bari smooth, grey. Main branches+ straight, erect; lateral branches numerous; crown becoming bushy and irregtlar. Bronchletu when young hirsute with spreading hairs and pubescentwith short curled hairs, becoming glabrous after 2-3 years; epidermis then deciduousto revealbrown or grey-brownbark beneath. Leavescuneate to angular- obovate,obtuse or acutebut mucronate,1-4 cm long,0 5 I 5 cm wide, sometimessmaller, usually concave; margins flat, serrate with 1-5 teeth on each side, rarely entire; teeth triangular, l 4 mrn long, mucronate; sinusesshallow and broadly V-shaped; larnina hirsLLieabove especiallyon midrib with pale ferruginousspreading hairs and pubescent with short curled hairs, becoming glabrous; lowet surface similar but with line white wool oersisting in lacunae; petiole tomentose. Inforescenceterninal, 3 4 cm diam. Receoiaclc ov6id. Involucral brqcts o\ale, acuminate, thick, 4:l mm long, tomentose outside with grey-white curled hairs, silky-hirsute rnside Comuon b/acls narrowly linear, 3-4 mm tong, silky-hirsute with long ferrugin-ous hairs; exserted apex conical, some$hat upturned, tomentose, pale brown. Florql bracts similar. F/owers cream, pink towards base,limb sometimesgreen; becoming pink throughout,finally pale brown; irvle cream becoming red; pollen-p resen ter green. Perianth 24-25 mm long including lifib of 3 4 mm: claus narrouly linearto filiform-on upperside splitting to within 5 6 mm of base, otherwise cohering for most of their length, appressed-pubescentoutside '(Hlufd) 'od,(loloH 90Zl I o8roeD S V DJoaunrDleluDg III ornSrj

'afroaC 69i ,rslrr6f S V 460 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

except base,glabrous inside; limb narrowly obovate to oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Anthers + 2 mm long, shortly apiculate. Hypogynous scales oblong, obtuse, + 1.5 mm long. PrJl,7as longas perianth, exsertedwhenperianth relaxesat anthesis,swollen above ovary then tapering, + straight, glabrous; pollen-presenter ovoid, + wrinkled, + 1 mm long, the apex compressed, obtuse; stigmatic groove terminal; ovary narrow, I mm long, with a few hairs at apex. Follicles usually l-5 per infructescence; perianths and styles early deciduous; follicles obliquely ovoid, 17-21 mm long, 10-13 mm high, 9 12 mm wide, obtuse, + smooth, densely and closely tomentose with spreading and curled hairs, the former wearing off, mottled pale and dark grey; suture fine;follicle dehiscing along whole of lower side and l/2 2/3 way along upper side; 2 lateral splits 5 7 mm long from stylar point, leaving beak below; lips _[ I mm wide, dark brown. Seed obliquely ovate, 17-20 mm long; seed body obtusely and unevenly triangular, 7 8 mm wide,4-5 mm high, very thick, black along upper inner surface with a prominent ridge, elsewherewith irregular short plate-like projections; outer surface irregularly wrinkled; wing 8 l0 mm wide, 1 wrinkled, with a broad, irregular sinus on stylar side. Separstor obliquely ovate, deeply excavated next to seedbody with the upper margin of cavity overhanging, much thickened above then becoming thinner on wings. Distribution. (Fig. 109) South West Western Australia: central agricultural region between Brookton and Bruce Rock. Selectedcollections. Boxvale, no date,Miss Wells(MEL); E ol Quairading,7 Oct. 1961,T. E, H. Aptin 2807a(PERTH); Near Lake Mears, 20 Nov. 1971,.1. S. Geolg?11208 (PERTH). Habilat. In deep yellow or yellow-brown sand as a component of tall shrubland or low open-woodland, associatedwith such speciesas Bqnksiq priotlotes and angusti- Jblium. Flowering period. Septemberto December. Banksia cwteqta is distinguished ftom B. ilicifolia by its srnooth bark, its smaller leaves, flowers aud fruit, and by its flower colours. It occurs much further inland than d,oesilicifulia, the shortest distance between their distributions being over 50 km. The follicles of cuneala :usually remain closed until burnt, while those of ilicifolia often open after 2-3 years. The speciesis restricted to a few populations in the central wheatbelt between Brook- ton and Bruce Rock. None of the populations is larger than 30-40 plants, so that the speciesmust be considered endangered. Although no post-fire studies have been made, it appears that the plants are non-lignotuberous and hence would be vulnerable to fires at interyals too short to allow regeneration from seed and subsequent seed production. The type locality is a Nature Reserve where with correct management the speciesshould be able to survive. (9r)-zz6l r

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'J'1 Bls{uBfl ul Blqnp suluroN

'eBJooD t9v ,/slrrg S V NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

Excluiled Names

Namespublished in Borl<$d but not referablelo BanksiaL.f . Except as otherwiseindicated, all are lefel- able to Gaefin.

B. ablsitl icaBr!ce ex Stendel (1841): Hdgefiia B. a/pna (Meissner)Kuntze (1891) B. arlor (F. Muell.) Kuntze (1891) B, ammocharis(F. Muell.) Kuntze (1891) B. a gustifolia (R.Bt.) Kuntze (1891) B. argentea(R.Br.) Kuntze (1891) B. axiflora (Mei'ssner) Kuntze (1891) B. bowmanii (Benth-) Kuntze (1895) B. bruchyphrlla@enth ) Kurtze (1891) B. brei.folia (R.-Bt') Ku'ntze (1891) B. ciliata DonTbeyexDC., nom. nud. (1828): Cl//lea B. cinerca(R.Bt.) K:untze(1891) B. ctavata(Labill.) Kuntze (1891) B. colrna (R.Br.) Kuntze (1891)non R.Br. (1810) B- colorans (Meissrrcr) Kuntze (1891) B. co crcta(F, Muell.) Kuntze (1891) B. comucopiae(Yahl) Kuntze (1891) B. cuntifora (R'Br.) Kuntze (1891) B, dactyloides Gaettnet (1788)- Hakea B. drupacea (Lablll.) K.unlzq (1894) B. elachantha(F. Muell.) Kuntze (1891) ,. ellei (F. Muell.) Kuntze (1891) B. fetrugtuea (Lab|ll.\ Kuntze ( 1891) (1891) B. ftifomis (Hook.f .) Kurtze ,. Jtava(R.Br.) Kuntze (1891) (1891) (1849) B. flotib tda (Meissnet)Kuntze non Drummond (189I) B. foftestiana (F. Muell.) Kuntze B. gibbosa Smitl1 (1790): Hakea B. gra,rca(R.Br.) Kuntze (1891)non Cav. (1800) B, glutinosaDornbeyex DC., nom. nud. (1828): B. gnidia Forst t & Forster f. (1776) B, hltematostachya(F. Muell.) Kuntze (1891) 'l B . hetercphylla Colla. (1824) : Hakea ,. l''ruda (M€issner) Kuntze (1891) B. ,ispida (R.Br.) Kuntze (1891) B. hotrcydii (F Muell.) Kuntze (1891) B. lnnifts (R.Br,) Kuntze (1891) B. i bricata (R.Bt.) K!ntze (1891) B. latifolia (R.Bt,) K\rntze (1891)non R.Br' (1810) B. lehmdnniana(Meissner) Kuntze (1891) B, leptospetmoides(F Muell.) Kuntze (1891)-as leptospetmodes B. leptostachry(Benth.) Kuntze (1891) B. ligustrina lL^bill.\ Kuntze (1891) .8. /,r,/olrd (Smith) Kuntze (1891) (168I) oztsnx (raussrolN) a!!ll!^'A o.tpuottQ:(9681) tro$lcef '( g (reussletrAl)DlDluaplq'g (1681)ezlun) (,{olpur-I)otlttDttottcltt 'g (9//I) JJelsroJ T' ralstoJ osoluauot g (168I) ezlun) (rausslol{) oltotcttlt'g oa4og : (96 LD' qs\es oP! p)at' g o loH:(96Lt) qstles Dllolln aJ g (168I) eztun) ( rg {) s!4sa^f{s I barnllnsse-(1681).zlun) (FussreIAI)rarrrld/rr'€' (168I) ezlun) ($usslelI) otzltts g (1681)eztun) ( enN J)otaSlvrlds'g '€r (88/I) ulreBC uou (168[) eztun) Crg X),rrrrd.r (168I) ezlun) (,ietpul'l) sltlqt rads'g (168I) ezlun) ( tlq"t) DplnryDdsg 'd) 'g (t68t) aztun) (Ienj [ MFU\S (t68t) oaunt ( rg lI) b!lo!! ,Q)ayg (168J)eztun) ('llonJ,{'9) ol.qzotsoclras'g (168I) ozlsn) ( rg u) ,rrTras €' '9.) (168I) ezlun) ( llenw baa! 8uDs'g (168I) ezlun) ( rg u) ,aso|g uhputollx :(gglj) JetJi.Jae}eulto!,tl.d'g (I68t) ezlun) (rousslelN)Daola8td 'q (168I) ezlun) ( rg U) ,ar.t'r d B' 'g (9//I) JrolsJoCT totsJol DtDttso,td 'tlos:'rorro ur (208I) 'Jl6r(i DtDtdotd'g (168I) ozlun) (reussrolN)llsslard g DaIDH:(9aB) s.]ltr].qasT' loruooU xe UoH ,tDrlr.rd €. DrtoH:06LD 'qstles olloluld 'g (t68I) lzlun) (relooH 'e 't) saposttld'g rapozut4d se-(l6gl).zlun) (leussrel,,{)saporll.t{d €. (168I) ozlun) ('llon] '8) Dllqdouad'g (I68I) ozlun) ($ussr6t[) DaD4ad'g 'g (168f) e4un) ( rg d) on4llt od ba)lDH: (96LI) 'qnrcS DlplaDap 'g 'B (168I) ozlun) ( rg t) Dlltlldot.o (008I) l|qel uou (168I) ezlunx ( llqe.I),rn a €. D.tpuDfuO:(OOqD 'Urqe1 oa^la 'B (168I) ozlun) (roussret[)Dsouau 'g oEocBpBrdoltsv:(8 8/ l) l3rrueeDsltuollrycsna g .g (169I) ozlun) (roussrelN)!!ub8r M alrqdoted: (OOgl) snout(noldv oroAlltlhu .g (168I) eaun) ('rg U) DlDqda.ortltu'g (168I) azlun) (qlueg) utpntxotu g (ZO8I) rrorq uou (1681)64un){ (revss]€w)ollol!8uol g (168I) oztutl) ( rA U) o4:quot'g 'oBJooC '?rZr'l'€' S V NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

Acknowleilgments

Mv earlv interest and study in B4rtrsl4 was encouragedand assistedby the late Charles Gardner under whom I worked for a year on joining the WesternAustralian Herbarium i; 1959. Two collectorswho kindledthe flamein thosedays were the late Fred Humphreys and Charlie Davies. Mrs. Evelyn Humphreys has contjnued to take a close interest in the study. Mr. Bob Royce, Cuiator at PERTH from 1960 to 1974, provided^the early suooort and euidance that are needed in a long-term pro.ject ln the early 1970sLawrie joi|rron unabon VcOillivrayurgcd me to expandbelond-the \\-estern Au'lralian border to include the easternspecies in ihe rerision; they and other colleaguesat the-National Herbarirur of New Souih Wales have since readily assistedwith field work and discussion. Fuither assistancewith field work in the east was given by Geoff Stocker (Atherton), Betsv Jackes(Townsrille), SelrvynEverist (Brisbane),Elma Reilly (Sydney),Alex Blom- berri rsrdnev),Treror Hituke'w.rod(-lo\ ns\illc)Alf Salkin.Sue and Rer Filson'Celia (Portland). ioriet inO CeorgeScott lMelbourner. Colin and Dorothl Woolcock Den.ny Kine (south westirn Tasmania) and Ron Crowden (Hobart). Clyde Dunlop (Darwin) colfected mature seedof Banksia clentata. In Western Australia I have had much assistanceand discnssion from the staff of the Western Australian Herbarium. especiclly Paul Wjlso^n..The librarian, Marion Wickham, sought out many references Collections and ljeld data here have been ausmentedbv Llem Burns (Ceraldton), CharlesChapman (Wilchester),Stephen Hopper i*iiOtif. l.iearcfr Centre, wtnneroo), Terry Wilson (Perth), Spike Daniels (Albany), Alison Harrington (Perth), Nancl Verco (EsperanceJ,Ray Garstone (Woodanilling), (Vanmanning)' HazelDemDste-r tManiimup), led Crifrin 1Perrhl.Ba,'il atrd Vary Smith Ken Newbev lOngerupl. Ernst Wittwer (Kings Park) and Peter Lusconbe (Narrikup). John Maconochie(Alice Springs),Bruce Maslin (Perth),Munir Ahmad Abid (Adel- aidel and Ian Brooker (Canberra)assisted in various ways during their respectiveterms as Australian Botrnicat Liaison Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew' Arthur Chapman (Canberra) provided very useful advice on bibliographic aspects. Outside Australia I have been greatly assistedby the staff of the herbarium and (Natural library both at the Royal BotanicCardens. Keu. and at the Briti'h MuTeum iistoivt. John Rourk; (Kirstenbosch)gave adviceduring the searchfor data on Salis- bury and his work. The Directors of the following herbaria lent material for study: AD, B, BM, BRI, CANB, CBG, CGE, E, FI, G, HO, JCT, K, L, LD, MEL, Moxash -University,NBV, NSW, i\T, OXF, P, QRE, S, TUB, US, W. I also t!1n! t!" llafl of the following herb- aria for assistanieduiing visits: AD, BRI, CANB, CGE, E, FI, G, HO, LINN, MEL' NSW, NY, P, QRS, US. At the Western Australian Herbarium the technical assistalae cssential to }andling the large amount of material studied was cheerfully provided by Karen Barker, Wendy Lee-Frimpton, Cheryl Lynch and Gail Frost. The draft manuscript was typed by Vicki Hamley,Janice Rooie and John Eygenrarm.\\ith the finalcop) by tlpi5l' of theDepart- ment of Agriculture's\\ord Proce:singLenlre tlnderthe guidanceof Phlllis Fry. Two grants were teceived from the Australian BioJogical.Resources Study,- one in 19?4 to al'iow the employment of a techical assistant (in particular to clrrate the car- oolosical collection of' Binksia at PERTH, estimated 10 contain about I 000 collections); ih. si.ona in 1975to support an expeditionto easternAustralia when I was able to study all taxa there in the field. The line drawings of fruit were carefully prepared by Sharon Genovese. My family has varioLrslyenjoyed and enduted "in many places,at many times-but alwavswith interest. 'I9-Iz:II tog f tsnv 6toi?o1ojdeql ul uorlnlo^g €961 f) g's38rrg?9 s v'I'uosuqof :01 r.(S ^rU ZZt-6of lorf 'l6ddoH 'uuv u€Ilertsr'lv eql ul uoDelreds slcedsE 6/6I ( S eJog lso^\qlnos Jo lt.lqcler8oe8ol8 'Lroll?l 'eplBlopY'.{q8rd selslo€go} oplno plelCV 9L6l D d, I'tr?prltoH '/9 nDUOLULrredpun UepSaJcnz uellBc t9 : 'SSesuuBlulloH uaqrsfSesuuEluJoH perD uop ut llernllnluozuegd rop ssrll{Jrezre^ 9Z8I D ] I .ILt II 'S OLE'g8roaD ersl,{nN Erlertsnv uFlso/ IlolJ (eeerDo}ord)]?olll^olD Jo selceds.{\ou ue^es t/6I Y 'ue8urqnJ/ueSllnls 'zzz-ozz.l 'reu 8t't' qet LlrnreluEidsnqlulLuos 1o snqll.n4 ec 88lI f oec 'LropLro'I'ollqld 'ro1'16d t qet'8-1. : cle'LunJeluPJdurueuoD selolcer€qC SlfI C t l{ I '.,{eup,{S'uoLupBred uoF€^lllnJ ur stu€ld o^peN uelierlsnv lsold 0Z6l U V llelreJ 'ournoqlaw'ssard,{llsla^run 'lrP^13 l0t /6€ :elrolct^Jo "rol{ 0€6I f V '.{euP,{S'PaoU €Ilellsnv urslsa^\ 'eqLLlot.tol\l '63:IoeD'€rt{ 'uo$lcug Jo sluDld pu€ sre^\oJJ €16I X J I T {) N'lutq.ret\l'S V qued'uosreled qlue-I uopuloq$\?H Jo spuotuuuc 6qJ 6961 E U'uos)crlA 'LUnuEnO 'unrElutld I 'euuor^ 'I.ag :Z tred untugrxelcldns unraueD 1i8I S rrqrllpuf 68-88 'l 'lesrnoJ '0f :l 'lo^-]urtuolddns 'Z pa rno]e^tllnJ e]sruBtoge-I I'SI I I D ep luot\ n(I l 90I 'gLE gLe:I TSIII pr€D ^\et log urnol IooH 6t8L I'ptrotulunrc '009 969 :68 tog Jqlg suerlejlsnv olqclelSoe8uezuBudpun eJolJ rnz eBBtIeg lz6l ) urluo(I '0T81 qrulelc urFeg I9l-8tl :Z )Iuelo{ pun lorauueDrep uoclxol se8lpuBlsllo,\ D J 'rELule/,\A[Inrelueld srsdou{S 6€8I Cl qtu}elo 'eruELuseJ'JatuJ.rd tueLuure^oD 919-tt9 : I eluE[Isel Jo erolJ s{luepnls3qI l,96I I { lA sl]lnJ t99I glf :g 'c5 ros seU IiS soltedsaut^rl Jo {Llloleuepue iSoloqcl 'erioicinlorg'g 'ulno11e1 f leilsnv ;ou eq1uo-ieioir-{1r,i uro{ o€ersrueg|ssoJ 0t6l 1 s'u€8rnc tY c I'uos)ooJ 'LLI sad rcs 991.E ItS Iolg'S res f lErlsrlv'uoslooJ 'ErlErlsnv sul€13uollod ur stlsodep ,{reluel LLIo4edIl snooealord Jo llssol 0S6t J I 'EIIoJ 'ourloJ slsuelndtdsnuoH tZSt V '61€-TIg od.r freulwllerde :Z €3uue{clv 'lgqdolsrlqJ iErlerlsnv qtnos',{€g uIIseAIJo elog lrsso]eSoru.{r€Iuel 8/6t J O'urnqlc€lg 5) J C 'ISS :9 rnluelldsoqsDroq €t9 Id't€-ZZ 'V '!salluE^"J ur lne luncserr eru€dslH uI eluoclslnE eenb LunleluBldseuolldu3secJ le seuoJl 9008I I '6tz uuv e'Iul?log 902:t lEN lslH 'V 'olens orqossouotc€^rosqo sellluE^€J Erqeg,{'' sosl.ef ottend lep se}ueld,{sele.rnleu le V008I I '!u'{\olg urnlulld unluauelddns uopuo'i'rb1xe1 eelpuElloHoe^oN e€lolJ ll$orpord 0€8I { Io] ^\oH t96I I A ll"IrDiA eprelepy 'regurrdtueururo^oD 8gz'L9z'.2 tred'e\erlsnY {lnos Jo "roll 8}61 I^l t')cEtg .Z'l qel't9 gS:€l cos uur'I urnol '5€aJ€ololdul:llerlsnv sel.{lseq} uo sa}oN Il-81 D Lueqlue€l '[oAJo 'slsueller]snY 'tu€qlue{ 'uopuoJ 'e^eeu g elolJ 0t8 t 1]| 'pood 'ullore] 'sLre\l "ld rolpcea 'Ioup,{S uoISeU,{eop,{S3q} Jo erolC Z/6I J U 4' ( O J N 'ei"prLurv 'sroqln€ :sulEluno^I enlg pue ogl /81 t8I lsuB^ar'l^ l'ulsl('etpPeg ,{aupIs eq} Jo slueld repcsel etp.1olooilpuEH Z96I J d'utlortJ? 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'Pet?Jnpul Il,uorreu ,ror^ u?ld ur '09 o1 dn sa1c41og lua8und lsorult sla?Jq uoluluoc eql 'fe3:elue slce.rq pu" uoruuloc :snonplcep uoos sel,{1spu? srllu?Fed plo : u?Ip l?rou 'olnce 'ale^ogo ruc 'lnols 'pro[o L! sapw/uf eer.1'Euol ruru g Jo asl]qo Jo S-t l 'xode reln8urr.rl f1,trouru o1 J€euITsa/r2s snoutSodtll sno]q?I8 esl\\Jeqlo lnogz-elnsrtq 'esnlqo'et^ls .{1}.rogs,'fue,Lo :xed? 1e enbltqo e,too:Bcrleru8t}s 3ql'3!ol ruul 1.0-9.0 u?ql :i>1cnir ,(lecrrcs 'eseq polluu,tr. pus uollo.trs [llqBIIs lnq reluoso:d-ue11od tB '3uo1 lecr:pu,r1,(c :snorqBlS ol^ts :pe^rnc .(1lue8:o utw flLroI urur I sluelu"lu 1q3rvr1s 8Z 9Z lllslJ'epls}no uo 'ol?lncrdE ,{llloqs '8uol :d:rwr sJ;lllLlY ePlsul snolq€I8 olnsJlrl lsorul" Jo 'pelael I ,{lesnlqo'elnce lsourl"'uuoJISnJdl^\o.u?u qull:eplsul snol luocsaqnd-pessaJdd? '3uuodel 'eseq -q?13'sleq eltqm-,{.re,t1tsqtl.{\ eplslno luecseqnd-possardds .{pq311s 1e apr.tr u[u g.0-t. 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L-S 'opl^\ -woJ 'estq ujc ol dn loJ sJe,\\oulnoqll^\'slcslq uouutoc qtl^\ opl{\ ruru ,I-Sl lz I 'soout8nljoJ 'secld" ruru '3uol L\Ji slxv 1tn;g o1 luelsts:ed eruos lcalq spls,\\ol ,-E ll-L '8uol 'esnlqo 'seseq Je8uol ,{llq8rTssJrEq oql 'esotueuol "(lesolc ruul uo elele} 8-Z'l€cupurlfc 'slalqcueJq{clq} -rcau\ sDptq a saJo[uI srseq]u? l" ru"rp ruc 9-g I,E.lelElJo ,{q popuolqns ueuo '}elqau"lq pto-l€e^-Z e ol Da satolJiuJ Suol urLu 1.roq,r I l€u[ula]'snoulSnueJ 'esoluaulol salorled :-,(luntsul reu€ uoos snolq?l8 Sunuocaq ^lesuep 0Z-g 's.rrsq eururel ecu;rns roddn :-{lloo,{\-auq,u eeuncEl :snolq?l3 Sultuoceq snoulSnJ.IeJ ;o 'qIJpIru qlr,r esoluetuotllasuep se,ueu el"lnaltrl'uISJEru eJoJeqpalloJ o] II3:uoe^ueq 'e^oqe .06 .08 1" ,41lsoruse,'r:eu l"Jet"l :,{\oloqlueuturord pesssldtulquplu:epllA ruul 'enb11qo',ro1leqs '3lt}uo gT -{llsoru sosnuls:8uol urtu € I qleel eql ol el"J.Iasflesnlqo 'pe^lncetS '8uol 'eleul8l"rua 'esnlqo sur8J"ur :epr,'!\ urlll 9 ulc 0Z 8 lsorul€ seLulletllos 'el€^oqo -{l,1\orr"u^::,r. o1 eleloecuul ,{1,{oll"u 'slelqouslq;o secldespre,tol pep'{\olc ,{Jlsoru 'esnlqo 'J?ouIT'lelqcu?Jq perell"cs sr{rr1 snonplcep 'esotuouol ,,(lesuep'3uo1 ujtlr 0I Z ',{er8 jo ped ra,mo1Suole pere]]"rs .{lapl\\ sll^qdord :sr?e,{ ro .reue snorq€I8 3u[uo5 E Z'ur€Ip t.lapuols -3q 'sjr?q polJnc peJ-snour8nJreJqlr,r esolueluol dlesuep luru I Z ls]g ',{Uoi 'peJnssu le slafpuotg u^\orq-qsl(eJ8 ,{lesJ"oc t!./r€' lu"Ip ruc 0t ol luruJ 'os€q EurqceeJseurl?ruos u,tro;c Surpesrds? qll,tt llel ur g ol qruqs e golJ a.tnlo1,q 'sercodsaql arnleeJ e^rlcurlsrp " ere peurnldn ,{11q8r]se'le lBql solsllloJ reln8u€ul ,{1enbt1qoeql Jo 'enbrlqo 'sot8o1tl 'awDa l1rnt1 e sodtoc pue ro Sutdols egl uoJC lo uotlDtua1 4aaq1 'gt_u!Id 'Y '186t ',^(SN') 'gNvJ :osr:I)Ig :oloH teSI) ulr,'PoDtr[ pueau.toqstotlJ'W A

'0raq poqrjt 'W -sep sl 1r pu? serceds poo8 ? sr uox"l aql 1?gl ,\\oqs .{eqJ ul{\poD puB euroqsjoqJ 'putlsuean} 'pu?lsl lere8j€J,^l puB Jnquv,{q loolqulqcutll uo pereqll]8 oJa,{\ suelulceds oqJ o^oqe e8"d uo pessncslp pue pu? ut ,{qcel1eq .{q pelcalloc lsru 082 898I ,98I '1861 olvluDg aql Jo pe^reco.r stt,\\ I?ueleu 3ut1tn:1 pue Sulre,t\ou luollecxe ?un[ ul urnpuappY

'oBro55 ,?.r1,/rg S V NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

elliptic but somewhat turned upwards, 12-16 mm long, 5 t0 mtr high, 5-8 mn wide; valves.+ triangular but antistylar margin the longer and curved, obtuse,gently convex, smooth, closely tonentose becoming glabrous where exposed; some follicles opening after I 2 years, others remaining closed; when open, up to I 5 mm across; lips I m ni widel alnrost even; no lateral beak. Seedobovate but upper margin obliquely curved, l5-17 mm long, a shallow angle at stylar point; seedbody obovate with stylar side straight, 8 9 _mm long, 3-4 mm wide, obluse at base; inner face flat to convex, slightly rugose, black-brown,glisteningj outer face obtuselyridged to almost flat, :l smooth,dark brown, shining; wing 8 9 nm wide. Separatorsimilar to seedin outline and size,but 9-10 mm wide. Distributiotl. Queensland,restricted to Hinchinbrook Island and the adjacantmainland. Setecte(l^colle ct ions. ,CoastRange (near Rockingham Bay), 2t Feb. 1868,Dallachy s.n. (K, MEL); N slopeof Mt Bowen,Hinchinbrook ls., A. & M. Thorsboneand M. Gotlwinl83l aBRl.JCf.). Habitat. In sandy loam or clayJoam on rocky (granite)slopes in closedshrubland and Jow woodland, with Casuarina, Syncarpia, Xanthorrhoea, Leptospernum, etc.; altitude 270 530 m. Flowerlng 2erlod. Flowers recorded il January and June. Banlcsioplagiocarpc belongs to the series Sqlicinae of thc section Bqnlcsia.and in the systematic arrangement used in this paper should be placed before 7. B. ublongif,lia Cav. It is distinguishedespecially by the bluish-greybuds and the obliquelytriangular follicles. It is ciosely related to B. oblong(olia, fronr which it differs furtherln the shoit, stout trunk and in the longer, serrate to entire leaves;that speciesis often somewhat bluish-srey in bud, but not as much so as in .8. plagiocarpa. Another relative ts B. integrifotia-L.i. var. aquilonia A. S. George which is a snall, erect tree with narrower leaves.vellbw flowers. and fruit that open within a year of flowering; it occurs on Mt Bowen close to the new specres. In the key to species,a specimenof B. plagiocarpawith entire leavesruns down to lead 67a (4. integrifoliq var. aquilonia) and can be distinguished by the characters men- tioned above. If the specimen has serrated leaves it runs to lead 84a and can be separ- ated from the three taxa which key out through leads 85 and 86 by its longer leavei. Plants of B. plagiocctrpahave shofi, stout trunks with fissured, corky bark, and are probably fire-tolerant, sprouting by epicormic shoots after a burn. The assistanceof Arthur and Margaret Thorsborne of Cardwell, and M. Godwin of the National Parks and Wildlife Service, Cairns, is gratefully acknowledged. Their collections of Bqnksia plagiocarpa contained flowers, fruit and new growth, and were accompaniedby detailednotes.

Corrigenda page 264 Para. 3, line 2. For has reqd haye 269 Lead 5a. For cm read mm 274 Lead 89a. For,4. read B. 276 Lrte 20. For 31 46 cm read 31 46 mm 284 Latin description,line 6. For versisrenrl versus Lines 7, 10. For + read + 292 Under B. marginqta yar. humilis,line 2. For his var, real his var. E 301 Underr. latilblia yar. ninor,line 4. For N.S.W. readNSW Und,er B. salicifulia, \ne 2. For ptr-formis rcad piriformis 302 Habitat, line 1. Fol seasonablyread seasonally 304 Line 1. For Bonksia olea

.l ,.eted 9 pDat 9 .tol eurJ fss.I 96€ 'Buo1 ru*(rr)8-r ruc71 E poat uw rtl,t."9*"lii"f,!rit:"'!"tti:i':l:i ;];j "t .7 9 ppat 9 lo4 euq,rcnd 1se1 76E ' ?]J!&drJf,pDat eyedul .tog t ourl et?d lsel puz 6gt .6 'E .EJed urc g g pDat urru g-g .roJ ourt zgt .l seqn1ou8[poa.t sruels a1e;1sordrcl eu\..?J?d ls?-I gl€ .l 9Z IZ poat 9Z,LI .to.q 9I eull ered OLE 'V te pDa.!pLLe rcI ewl,.e:ed tsey p:g 699 .tI ,."l?d pelJesxepDat s11l0sxe/oJ eurT ls?"I .€I ,.erBd spBrq pDat patztq lo4 eu{ ls€-I g9E .t suecsoqnreppal suorseqnJnI eLr\,srsou8erpurle-I Lg€ .eurl ^ltsout poat, 1s1oru;og 1s€.I Z9€ 'dsqns 'Je/\.tol ' 'II '0I ,I .er?d poa.t 9I seurl I9t .6 .l .?.r?d lpoq peespoat snllocnu..oJr eurt 098 'a1op 'tc} .xgpne wo.tl lZ appp Er$luE{ repun 69t 'Z ,I .ered so^"elreq8rq anl lo paa to ppv ourl ggt .Z .eJEd tuut 9 pDat luru 9 .0 ,/oJ eu\.2 9gE .gI ,I .erBd rnvr 0l g poat ulc 0I g rol eull ,vt qrr.{\epr^\ *- ::l n:Itt;X:,";l,X{":,:3t,., :Xil:: ;j;$ \nx 9 V pDat urur g-V .tol erull,Z EJed ZIE .rI ..?r"d utc af L poat I.]Jrn9l L .ro! aurT lss.I g€€ .zI epr,rd.turu gz-gl poal opP\ su gl .tol eu\.g.ered tzt Surseduleurusel poa,r Sur.redegr BLrLupI lol .t eull ,l .€.red glt .Z .ese4 segolasnlqo pra.r so^?el esnlqo rol eu\,9 719 .9I . uJ\I 9 9 poat ux 9 9 to! eurT ?J?d ls?-I .Leu\.I .?red gl poat gz.to4 IIE

69' ,?r1rr€. 'o8roeC .S .V 470 NuytsiaVol. 3 (3) 1981

Index Numerals in bold type represententries of acceptednames. Names in bold type are new taxa describedin this account. Names in italics arc synonyms,nomina dubia or excluded names. Names in roman are acceptedDames. Illustrations and distribution maps are not indexed.

Ba kesia Broce 266 bob)manii(Benth.) K:lntze 462 Banksa Cotheni,rs 266 brachyphlilla (Berth.) Klntze 462 bteifolia (R.Br.) K]untze 462 Banksea Koeriq 266 brownii Baxter rpeclosaKoenig 331 ex R.Br. 401,403 burdettiiE. c. Baker 339,343 Bdrl.rm Dombey ex DC. 266 caleyiR.Br. 383,389 Ba,?krrdFor'ster & Forster f. 266 vat. .vrrosa Meissner 383, 386 candolleanaMeissner 329,333 Banksia L.f. 266 subgen.Banksia 274 caneiJ. H. Willis 294,295,300 IsostylisR.Br. 454 chamaephytonA. S. ceorge 3?2,375 sect.Banksia 274 Liliata Dofibey ex DC. 462 Cyrtostylis BenIh. 344 cinerca(R.Br.) Krt]tze 462 Euba ksia Endl 214 (Labill.) ro.rl),1rr'(R.Br.) Meissner 454 clavata Knntze 462 OncostylisBerlth. 391 coccineaR.Br. 389,436 Ort host! l is BenIh. 319, 345 collina R.Br. 394 ser. Abietinae Meissner 414,416 collina (R.Br.) Klrntze 462 CoccineaeA. S. George 389 czlorazs(Meissner) Kuntze 462 CrocinaeA. S. George 337 Cyrtostylis(Benth.) A. S. George 344 comparR.Br. 281 DryandroideaeMeissner 414 conc h ife r a G aettrer 320 GrandesA. S. George 308 concrcta(.F. Muell.) Kuntze 462 (Benth.) Orthostylis A. S. George 319 conf€rtaA. S. George 280, 284, 294 ProstrataeA. S. George 367 var. conferta 288 QuercinaeMeissner 312, 389 var. penicillataA. S. ceorge 289,294, SalicinaeMeissner 274 308 Spicig€raeA. S. George 389,391,414 TetragonaeA. S. George 381 conlucopiae \Vahl) Kuftze 462 ab),sinnica Brvce ex Steudel 462 cuneataA. S. Ceorge 367,457 aculeataA. S. George 386 cutreifolia Hotrsg4. 461 aemulaR.Br. 322,323 cunninghamiiSieber ex Reichb. 396 demrla Sieberex Meissner 320 cun i gharnii Sieber ex Schultes & Schultes f.396 alpi a (Melssner) Kuntze 462 cuntlinghafiiiSleber ex Sprengel 396 altior (F. Mue1l.) KunIze 162 cutviflora(.R.Br.) Klntze 462 ammocharis(.F. Muell.) Kuntze 462 q lhdrostachtia Llrdley. 350 .!ng stifolia (R. Br.) KtnIze 462 dact y lo i des C ae(tner 462 aquifolia Hort. exDrm.-Cours. 455 dentataL.f. 275, 280, 284 aqaifolium Llndley 455, 457 denti culata Dut\l.-Co[rs. 393 argeltea (R.Bt.) KuJJtze462 deprcssaR.Br.29l ashbyiE. G. Baker 355,358,367 \ar. subiltegru Meissner 291 asplenlfulia auctt. 301 dile iaefolia I. Knight 305 asplenifolia Salisb. 302, 461 &upacza (Labtll.) K\ntze 462 asp len iifo I ia Knight 46 | dryandroidesBaxter ex Sweet 414 attenuataR.Br. 350,355, 357 elachatltha(F, Muell.) Kuntze 462 audax C. Cardner 359, 364 elatiot R.B(. 323 austftlis R.Br. 291 eldelanaF- Muell. & Tate 358,364,381 austratisvar. depratsa(R.Br.) J. D. Hooker elegansMeissner 361, 366 291 elicifolia L.f. 398 airifo/d (Meissner)Kuntze 462 var. ericifolia 399, 401 ,a/D/geraMeissner 368 var. macranthaA. S. Ceorge 400, 401 baueriR.Br. 313,317 e/gelll Hort. ex Jacques 461 baxteriR.Br. 329,331, 335, 337 e//?i (F. Muell.) Kuntze 462 benthamianaC. Cardner 357, 360 JaeiJblia }{otrsge. 305 blechnifoliaF. Muell. 378,381 ferreaYent. ex Sprcngel 292 (roussror\l)oaoluuDaqal 9Z[ Iqqsv'ADl re^ Z9t ezlun) 'gZt'ZZt ne lausslel l xe llont l g €l?uro 96! rausstel xe vun) Dllo!ryal '9Ig 'tlt 6l€ e8roe5 S V EMdoero Z9t rzlun ) \'rg'd) nltul!tol O8Z ^eJ DlPlaDalo z0€'I0€ ple$u€) d, uepIeIN)oalu ft^ rg ololltol ljt qstles owlaDalo ;Of d 'ott eulcuel t9v .'4$nt ( rq'ld) Dlll(qdoQo ttt leuPrBD J 'tot 'l|.} 'ow .v olt rg d slleluePl'3o gW'Zet eSrooc s eleu€l 'PPo-l 691 Dlloll8uono I9e ElegI^eBIdsqns e8roeD eetnloJsnJdsqns '00€ ^eJ €lloJlSuolqo Z9€ S Vt09€ 90€ 9[t raus\reNE]ebr\oPl z9' suelnu le^ 19t }q.Alqcs Dt|o! 3a1a! 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ZgV aautrt ( rq d) DPldslt! 69t ,lr 76Z lPuJ tt3al|tuD^o|ret. Z9i ezlun) (reussrol,{) /{ 9'vV 29, e'lo) Dlltuldonqq , ^eJ el"uI3PuI L9t,96Z'16Z'LtZ' I8Z'082 Z9t eztun) ( llenl^l J) Ditlpotsouaoq Z6Z' ldrrog sua c s a2 t DtlI Z6Z rauss]€l lluan8 ']€ZelJ 69t €llo) (s^ oQUY) o oaao)d re^ t6t uavuan8 rg'd sua)sar'Iou Llt gzt e8looC S V €ssor8 got Dllttldu)Dtu '608'80€ )lutl ZIt pllr/AsIpuBrB '29€'89t roLrp.rE5 llzlullnl 99t J I9t srnoJrlunc DlDluaPlPu3 ezlun) ( rq')d) oltol!8uol '89€ €9t Zt€ r{ t{ rrpoo8 ezlun) (reussrar{),rolt o/ €9t Z9t J rols.loCT re$roJ DIP|aE xe Dllolt8uol I9t Iepnels uott Z9l J(l xa feq]rro(f Dsoulltlt8 xe uuo

,7r1rr€' 'e8loeC IL' S V 412 Nrytsia Vol. 3 (3) 1981

paludosaR.Br. 28'7, 289,307 solandri R.Br. 311 patulaR.Br.292 var. majbr Meissner 301 pauciflora (R.Br .) Krntze 463 spathulata (Labill.) Krntzo 463 petiolaris F. Muell. 378, 380 speciosaLindley 332 pelrded (Meissner)Kunize 463 speciosaR.Br. 329, 333, 335, 337 petrophila(F. Muell.) Kuntze 463 spectabilis (Lindley) Kuntze 463 phy Ii caefoI ia Sahsb. 398 sphaerocarpaR.Br. 416, 411,426, 429, 440 phJlicoides (Metssner) Kuntze 463 var. caesiaA. S. Ceorge 419,422 physodes(.1. D. Hooker) Kuntze 463 var. dolichostylaA. S. George 422 glabrescens 441 pilostylis C. Gardner 347,348 var. Meissnet \a(. latifoliaF. Muell. ex Benth. 418 pinifolia Meissr,er 429 va(. major atrctt. 429 pinifolia Salisb. 463 var. pinifolia auctt. 429 pinnata HotI. ex Roemer & Schultes 463 var. sphaerocarpa418 pinnatisectaF. Muell. 378,380 va(. riolacea auctt. 444 plagiocarpaA. s. George 467 splcalaGaertner 280 poll,podii.foliaJ. Knieht 377 splcala(R.Br.) Kuntze 463 praemorsaAndrews 347 spiculigera(.F. Muell.) Kuntze 463 praemorsaDum,-Corrrs. 461 sprnulosaSmith 391,392, 406 pne$ii (Meissner)Kuntze 463 var. collina (R.Br.) A. S. George 394,397 prionophylla F. Muell. 396 var. cunninghamii (Sieber ex Reichb.) prionotes Lindley 33'7 334, 341, 343,344 A. S. Ceorge 396,391, 406 , var. spinulosa 393, 396, 397, 414 procumbensHort. ex Dum.-Cours. 461 rlllctd (Meissner)Kuntze 463 proprata Dtell. 463 rr//pir,?d (Meissner)Kuntze 463 prcstrcta Forster & Forster f. 436 J],lverrl/s(R.Br.) Kuntze 463 prostrata R.Br. 369, 310 telmatiaeaA. S. George 430,431,436 prosirata Sweet, 469 tenaifolia Sa,lisb. 463 prr?sc?r.rHofi. ex Dietr. 461 teretihlia Salisb. 463 pulchella R.Br. 441,44'1, 444 lrrctor.ra(Meissner) Konize 463 punicea(R.Bt.) Kuntze 463 tomentosaForster & Folster f. 463 purpurea Schnitzl. 389 tomentosaF. Muell. 461 pygm.?ea(Meissner) Kuntze 463 tomentosaHort. ex Dum,-Cours. 461 pyrifomis Gaertnet 463 tomefitosaHofi. ex Meissner 461 quercifolia R.Br. 312, 313, 317, 319 trichostachla (Li\dley) Kuntze 463 \ar. iktegrifolia F. Muell. 316 tricuspis Meissner 241 rcpensLabill. 367, 377, 380, 381 /,'rderl.1/lr(Meissner) B. D. Jackson 463 rcticulata Hoffsgg. 461 urigerc J. Kttight 305 robur Cav. 304 var. mifior (Maiden & Camfield)Maiden undulata Lindley 320 & Betche 301 verticillata R.Br. 411, 412, 414 /orea (R.Br.) Kuntze 463 victoriae Meissner 339,340, 357 rosmatinifoliaC. Benneit461 vil/,/e/a (Meissner)Kuntze 463 rubra }fort. ex Dietr. 461 villosaHott.461 salicifolia Cav. 301 violaceaC. Gardner 444 sanguinea(F. Muell). Kuntze 463 rrlarr Don ex Roemer & Schultes 461 saxicolaA. S. Georye 280,294, 296,297 banKslae tefae R.t3f . 214 scabrellaA. S. Ceorge 433 Bentham,G. 242 sceptrumMeissner 319,335 Bract, common 246 .terlcea(R.Br.) Kuntze 463 fr,otal 246 seticostachya(F. Muell.) Kuntze 463 involucral 246 serryltifolia (R.Br.) Kuntze 463 Brown, R. 242 serrcefoliaJ. Knight 320 Cavanilles,A. 242 ser.ata L.f. 319, 320, 325,327 Dryandra 454 var. hirsuta R. Baker 32o var. latifolia Raf . 469 EubanksiaEndl. 274 serrctifolia a]uctt. 323 Evolntton of Ba ksia 257 setrutifolia Salisb. 324, 461 241 simplex(F. Muell.) Kuntze 463 Gardner, C. 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