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The Manatee River Forts During the Seminole Wars

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The Manatee River Forts During the Seminole Wars View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholar Commons | University of South Florida Research Sunland Tribune Volume 25 Article 7 2018 The aH rdships and Inconveniences: The aM natee River Forts during the Seminole Wars Joe Knetsch Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/sunlandtribune Recommended Citation Knetsch, Joe (2018) "The aH rdships and Inconveniences: The aM natee River Forts during the Seminole Wars," Sunland Tribune: Vol. 25 , Article 7. Available at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/sunlandtribune/vol25/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sunland Tribune by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE HARDSHIPS AND INCONVENIENCES: The Manatee River Forts during the Seminole Wars Dr. Joe Knetsch insufferable to those forced by circumstances to endure these hardships. Descriptions of the land in Florida found in The constant demands for food, water and the promotional brochures of the mid to late fuel meant a daily exposure to possible nineteenth century tell of a new Riviera or death. The often overcrowded area meant "The Italy of America" or some other such short tempers, instant rivalries and the threat romantic vision. One would hardly suspect of violence, domestic or otherwise. Culture that the vision presented in these fanciful and civilization were far from the reality of writings of the early advertisers would these outposts of defense. somehow be a misrepresentation of the truth. Convincingly, they often told of a As those who have read Janet Snyder verdant land being exposed for the first time Matthews' Edge of Wilderness or heard to the pulse of civilization and capable of Dewey Dye, Jr. back in January of 1967 growing any number of exotic tropical fruits know, there was only one "permanent" for- which would readily find a market in the tification on the Manatee River during the thriving industrial towns of the northern Second Seminole War, it was called Fort cities. It would be very apparent to anyone Starke and was situated near the mouth of who came to this new Canaan that the land the Manatee River. It was established on was very well worth fighting for and the November 25, 1840, and abandoned on Seminoles, notorious murderers and lazy January 5, 1841.1 This fort served as a savages, had every reason to attempt to jumping off point for expeditions up the prevent the progressive forces of Anglo Manatee River and its tributaries. Dewey civilization from seizing this Eden and Dye, Jr. reports that the Post Returns for this making it their own. Indeed, why let any installation indicate that it was manned by group of uncouth Indians prevent the officers and men from the U. S. Army First settlement of this new land by those wishing Infantry, headquartered at Fort Armistead on to plant oranges, enjoy walks on the beaches Sarasota Bay, and commanded by Captain and generally bring culture to the wilderness A. S. Miller. Companies B, E and F comprised the garrison and totaled about Those who served the forces of "civiliza- 140 men. Dye also speculates that no actual tion" in places like Forts Armstrong, construction of a fortification took place and Myakka, Starke, Crawford, Hamer or Camp that the position was simply referred to as a Smead found that romance was far from the "post", indicating no permanent buildings.2 reality of the frontier. Life was difficult, The river had been visited many times by tenuous and often short. A raid by hostile the military prior to the establishment of this Indians could bring instant death, loss of post. property and life savings or the end of a dream. The reality of intolerable insects, One of the first such scouts took place on dangerous reptiles, crowded conditions, March 18, 1836, very early in the Second constant fear and an unpredictable nature Seminole War. The expedition from the U. made life in these outposts almost S. Ship Vandalia produced no results and the report of the territory along the river is by an army command in that day was any- bereft of information describing the physical where from twelve to sixteen miles. nature of the area.3 The only indication of However, the only true notation seen is that the topography is found in the following: they went south through woods and no species is identified. "In conformity with your orders of the 16 inst., directing me to reconnoitre an Indian Although not the only reconnaissance of the encampment in the neighborhood of the Manatee River area during the war, it is one Manatee river etc., I have to inform you that of the more complete reports found to date. I landed the same evening, within one and a The major reason that fewer scouts were half miles of the spot where the Indians were sent via the Manatee is that the Indians were supposed to be encamped. Our forces farther away from that area than any other in amounted to twenty five men including Lt. South Florida. If one reviews the Smith from your ship, Doctor Rassler and correspondence, it is easily seen that the the Seamen from the Vandalia, it was nearly highest concentrations of the Seminoles and dark before we arrived on the spot where their allies were in the Big Cypress, around Mr. Johnson saw the Camp the day before, Lake Okeechobee, near the coontie grounds we strictly examined the ground and the on the southeast coast and along the adjacent wood, but could not discover either Kissimmee River. None of these positions is Indian or Cattle, but we saw evident accessible by taking the Manatee River or indications of a recent encampment, such as any of its tributaries. This leads to the prints of Indian feet, tracks of Cattle, etc. question, why establish Fort Starke so late in We remained in the wood until seven in the the war in an area not frequented by the evening, at 8 we arrived on board. Yesterday Indians or their allies morning we again landed our whole force and commenced our march into the wood, It can be seen from the report of November taking a Southerly direction, after passing 24, 1840, that a concern of the army was the the ground that we visited the day before, gathering of Indians along the islands of the we fell in with Indian and Cattle trails of coast. This short report simply noted that: recent date, all of which evidently tending in "The 1st Regt. is scouting along the Gulf the direction of Sarazotta having an Indian shore below Tampa with boats accompanied guide with us we concluded to march on, by a steamer and two schooners."5 Four days and did so until we found ourselves ten later, the 1st Infantry arrived at Fort Starke: miles in the interior of the wood. Men and "B, E, & F companies 1st Infty arrived here Officers being completely jaded down, this morning, bad weather having delayed deemed it prudent to commence our retreat them. The Boat did not arrive at Fort on the cutter. We arrived on board at 6 Armistead until 24th inst. & was dispatched P.M."4 the next morning." read the official notification from Major Dearborn. The The march brought the command through Major then continued his report: "I woods on the southern bank of the river, reconoitered the country from Ft. Armistead however, because the exact location is not some ten or a dozen miles on my first known, it would be nearly impossible to arrival, and since the last rain. The country pin-point the spot today. The ground cov- was wet on my first excursions, and is now ered must have been soft and the going mostly over-flowed. One of the Indians who slow, because the normal distance covered accompanied me as a guide says that we will be obliged to swim two creeks with our The almost constant threat of Indian attack horses on the trail leading to Peace Creek, made the Manatee frontier highly and so far as I went the water was half-leg susceptible to rumor of same and led to deep most of the way, and a very blind trail much correspondence between the settle- that the Indian was unable to follow."6 The ment and Tampa Bay, the regional head- watery way from anywhere to Fort Stark and quarters for the army. Through most of the the remainder of the territory made life year 1846, these communications were car- difficult and lead to charges that the area ried on with the colony's leader, Sam Reid.8 may have been unhealthy, or "miasmatic" in His passing in 1847 meant the leadership the language of the day. However, the real fell upon the capable shoulders of Josiah reason for the fort's founding is found Gates and Robert Gamble. These men, along shortly thereafter in a letter of December 11, with Joseph Braden, carried on com- 1840: "It is the direction of the Commanding munication with the major State and army General that during the present cessation of leaders in Tallahassee and Tampa. Yet, operations in your district, a detachment some of these very same leaders, like under a competent officer be employed to Senator James D. Westcott, also kept the stake out the inner passage leading to Fort tension at a near fever pitch with their Armistead, and any other channels which it questioning of the army's representatives in may be deemed expedient to indicate in that the area.9 Trader John Darling, then at manner.
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