Etz Hayim Torah and Commentary

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THE RABBINICAL ASSEMBLY THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF CONSERVATIVE JUDAISM

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Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly EH FM i-x for printer.cou 6/12/01 10:14 M Page Corrected for the 4th printing. —DS Etz Hayim, 6th printing — REPLACEMENT PAGE — Jan. 2006 Page iv

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Blessings for the Torah and haftarot have been adapted from Siddur Sim Shalom for Shabbat and Festivals, © 2000 by The Rabbinical Assembly. Maps © by Oxford University Press, supplied by Oxford Cartographers. Used by permission of Oxford University Press. Illustrations of the tabernacle and its furnishings by Joe Sikora.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bible. O.T. Pentateuch. Hebrew. 2001. Etz Hayim: Torah and commentary / senior editor, David L. Lieber; literary editor, Jules Harlow; sponsored by the Rabbinical Assembly and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. p. cm. Text of the Pentateuch in Hebrew and English; commentary in English. Includes the haftarot and commentary on them, p’shat and d’rash commentaries, comments on Conservative halakhic practice, topical essays, and other material. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 0-8276-0712-1 ISBN-13: 978-0-8276-0712-5 1. Bible. O.T. Pentateuch—Commentaries. 2. Haftarot—Commentaries. 3. Bible. O.T. Pentateuch—Theology. 4. Conservative Judaism—Customs and practices. I. Lieber, David L. II. Harlow, Jules. III. United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. IV. Rabbinical Assembly. V. Bible. O.T. Pentateuch. English. Jewish Publication Society. 2001. VI. Title.

BS1222 .L54 2001 222 ’.1077—dc21

2001029757

Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly NUMBERS 28:17  ÁÎÒÁÈÙ ¯·„Ó· 932 to the L, 17and on the fifteenth day of that ¯NÚ¨¨¬ ‰MÓÁ·e¸ 17 :‰Â‰ÈÏ ÁÒt L„ÁÏ¤¤−©©¨«©£¦¨ Ÿ ©® month a festival. Unleavened bread shall be ˙BvÓ©− ÌÈÓÈ½ ˙Ú·L ‚Á ‰f‰ L„ÁÏ¤©¤−¨®¦§©´¨¦ Ÿ ÌBÈ²©¬ 18 fi eaten for seven days. The rst day shall be a -Ïk L„˜-‡¯˜Ó¤¨ Ÿ ÔBL‡¯‰ ÌBia 18 :ÏÎ‡È¥¨¥«©¬¨¦−¦§¨® sacred occasion: you shall not work at your oc- Ìz·¯˜‰Â¸ 19 :eNÚ˙©£«§¦§©§¤ ‡ÏŸ ‰„·Ú¨−¬ Ÿ ˙Î‡ÏÓ§¤¬¤£ cupations. 19You shall present a gift, a burnt ÌÈL§©−¦ ¯˜·-Èa ÌÈ¯t¨¦¯§¥¨¨ ‰Â‰ÈÏ½ ©«¨ Æ‰ÏÚ¨ Ÿ ‰M‡¦¤³ offering, to the L: two bulls of the herd, one ² ram, and seven yearling lambs—see that they ‰L½ Èa§¥´¨¨ Æ ÌÈN·Î ‰Ú·LÂ „Á‡ ÏÈ‡Â§©´¦¤¨®§¦§¨³§¨¦ are without blemish. 20The grain offering with ˙ÏÒ¤ Ÿ− Ì˙ÁÓe½ §¨¨ ¸ 20 :ÌÎÏ eÈ‰È ÌÓÈÓz§¦¦−¦§¬¨¤«¦ them shall be of choice flour with oil mixed in: ÈLe§¥¯ ¯tÏÀ ©¨ ÌÈ¯NÚ¹¦Ÿ ¤§ ‰LÏL¨¸ Ÿ ÔÓM· ‰ÏeÏa§¨´©¨®¤§ prepare three-tenths of a measure for a bull, ÆÔB¯OÚ ÔB¯OÚ 21 :eNÚz ÏÈ‡Ï ÌÈ¯NÚ¦²¨©−¦©£«¦¨³¦¨ Ÿ ¤§ two-tenths for a ram; 21and for each of the seven :ÌÈN·k‰¦« ˙Ú·LÏ „Á‡‰ N·kÏ©¤−¤¨¤¨®§¦§©−©§¨ ‰NÚz½ ©£¤ lambs prepare one-tenth of a measure. 22And there shall be one goat for a purification :ÌÎÈÏÚ ¯tÎÏ „Á‡ ˙‡hÁ ¯ÈÚNe§¦¬©¨−¤¨®§©¥−£¥¤« 22 offering, to make expiation in your behalf. „ÈÓz‰ ˙ÏÚÏ©´©¨¦® Ÿ ¯L‡ ¯ã‰¤£¤−§ Ÿ ½ ˙ÏÚ©´© Ÿ Æ„·lÓ¦§© 23 23 You shall present these in addition to the ÆÌBiÏ eNÚz ‰l¤©£³© ‡k¹ 24 :‰l‡-˙‡ eNÚz©£−¤¥«¤¨¥ ff morning portion of the regular burnt o ering. ÁÁÈ-ÁÈ¯©Ÿ ‰M‡ ÌÁÏ¤²¤¦¥¬¥«©¦− ÌÈÓÈ½ ˙Ú·L¦§©´¨¦ 24You shall offer the like daily for seven days as :BkÒÂ ‰NÚÈ „ÈÓz‰ ˙ÏBÚ-ÏÚ ‰Â‰ÈÏ©¨®©©¯©¨¦²¥¨¤−§¦§« food, a gift of pleasing odor to the L; they shall be offered, with their libations, in addition ÌÎÏ ‰È‰È L„˜-‡¯˜Ó¤¦§¤´¨¤® Ÿ ¦§¨− ÈÚÈ·M‰½ ©§¦¦ ÆÌBi·e© 25 to the regular burnt offering. 25And the seventh Ò :eNÚ˙©£« ‡ÏŸ ‰„·Ú¨−¬ Ÿ ˙Î‡ÏÓ-Ïk¨§¤¬¤£ day shall be a sacred occasion for you: you shall ‰ÁÓ¦§¨³ ÌÎ·È¯˜‰a¹ §¤ ¸ §©§¦ ÌÈ¯eka‰À ÌBÈ·e§´©¦¦ 26 not work at your occupations. ÆL„˜-‡¯˜Ó¤Ÿ Æ §¨ ¦« ÌÎÈ˙Ú·La¥¤® Ÿ §¨ª− ‰Â‰ÈÏ½ ©«¨ Æ ‰L„Á£¨¨ 26On the day of the first fruits, your Feast of ‡ÏŸ ‰„·Ú¨−¬ Ÿ ˙Î‡ÏÓ-Ïk¨§¤¬¤£ ÌÎÏ½ ‰È‰È¦§¤´¨¤ Weeks, when you bring an offering of new grain to the L, you shall observe a sacred occasion: ÆÁÁÈ©Ÿ Æ ÁÈ¯Ï§¥³©¦ ‰ÏBÚ¨¹ Ìz·¯˜‰Â¸ 27 :eNÚ˙©£«§¦§©§¤ you shall not work at your occupations. 27You „Á‡ ÏÈ‡ ÌÈL§©−¦©´¦¤¨® ¯˜·² -Èa ÌÈ¯t¨¦¯§¥¨¨ ‰Â‰ÈÏ½ ©«¨ ff shall present a burnt o ering of pleasing odor Ì˙ÁÓe½ 28 :‰L Èa ÌÈN·Î ‰Ú·L¦§¨¬§¨¦−§¥¬¨¨«¦§¨¨  to the L : two bulls of the herd, one ram, ÆÌÈ¯NÚ¦Ÿ ‰LÏL¨³¤§ Ÿ ÔÓM· ‰ÏeÏa ˙ÏÒ¤§¨´©¨®¤§ Ÿ− seven yearling lambs. 28The grain offering with them shall be of choice flour with oil mixed

fi fi even though it is a private sacri ce (see Exod. pare food on the rst and last days of Pesah· 12:1–11) indicates that by this time the two fes- (Exod. 12:16). tivals had become fused. FEAST OF WEEKS 17. festival Both the paschal sacrifice and the (vv. 26–31) first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread are This festival, which marks the start of the wheat observed at the sanctuary, precisely as instituted harvest, does not depend on the lunar calendar. by Deut. 16:1–6. It occurs seven weeks after the beginning of the 18. occupations Hebrew: m’lekhet avodah; barley harvest (Lev. 23:15–16). In this regard it literally, “laborious work,” of the sort that is is like Shabbat, which is also independent of the forbidden on the festivals. This is in contrast lunar calendar. to “any work” (kol m’lakhah), which is forbid- 26. day of the first fruits This day is also den on Shabbat and Yom Kippur (Num. 29:7; called “the Feast of the Harvest” (Hag· ha-Katzir) Lev. 23:3,28). The nonlaborious work permit- in Exod. 23:16, and “the Feast of Weeks” (Hag· ted (by implication) on the festivals is not de- [ha-]Shavu•ot) in Exod. 34:22, Deut. 16:10,16, fined, except for the explicit permission to pre- and 2 Chron. 8:13.

*(éðéîù íåé) çñôì äøèôä HAFTARAH FOR PESAH,· EIGHTH DAY*

ISAIAH 10:32–12:6

(*Some also recite this passage on Yom ha-Atzma•ut, counsel, devotion and reverence, justice and im- Israel Independence Day.) partiality. The king will transfigure the interper- sonal sphere by inspired bearing and actions. This This haftarah presents a series of promises con- will be complemented by an even more radical cerning national redemption, as a conclusion to transformation of the natural world. An era of the opening cycle of prophecies in the Book of Edenic bliss is projected for all creatures, resulting Isaiah (chapters 1–12). The prophet repeatedly in the virtual end of enmity and rapacity among refers to a “day” to come, a “day” of victory and them. The prophet characterizes this result as a fulfillment that will inaugurate a new order of ex- universalization of “devotion” to or knowledge istence (10:32, 11:10,11, 12:1). The recitation of (de•ah) of the Lord. Such a quality will change all of these hopes on the eighth day of Pesah· con- people and animals alike, so that “nothing evil cludes the festival of freedom with the anticipa- shall be done” throughout the Land. tion of great redemption to come. The prophet Isaiah spoke his words in Jerusalem during the last RELATION OF THE HAFTARAH third of the 8th century b.c.e., with an eye on the TO THE CALENDAR oppressive Assyrian power to the northeast. Isa- iah’s message, however, has not been restricted to One reason for the selection of this passage for that time and place. It has become a transcendent, Pesah· is the promise that the nation will experi- universal teaching of hope. ence a new exodus from its dispersion (11:11–16). One of the most powerful and influential vi- Just as the festival celebrates the original “Egyp- sions in all of Scripture is expressed in this cycle tian Pesah,· ” it anticipates a future ingathering of prophecies. It moves from foretelling an end from exile. to foreign oppression to utopian visions of na- Why does the reading begin with Isaiah tional justice and ingathering. A dimension of 10:32–34? Rashi’s comment on the talmudic God’s universal dominion is depicted or projected source for the selection is terse, stating that the at each point. The first prophecy begins with an passage was chosen “because Sennacherib was de- oracle of divine victory over an Assyrian monarch. feated on the eve of Passover.” According to the Subsequent prophecies, which portray God’s Book of Kings, destruction of the Assyrian army power to redeem the people Israel from all the na- occurred “at night” (2 Kings 19:35). The formu- tions of their dispersion, anticipate the universal lation there is strikingly similar to the statement acknowledgment of the just rule of the new Da- in the Torah that, on the eve of the Exodus, “in vidic king. The cycle concludes with a call to pro- the middle of the night,” the Lord struck down claim God’s triumphs to all peoples. The messi- all the firstborns of the land of Egypt (Exod. anic era will be marked by justice, kingship, and 12:29). Such similarities were sufficient to link national restoration, as well as the celebration of the two events. God’s acts of deliverance. The linkage of the defeat of Sennacherib with A vision of social and natural transformation the eve of Pesah· is testimony to the Jewish ten- lies at the center of this haftarah. The new ruler, dency to relate acts of divine deliverance to great inspired by the spirit of the Lord, will reveal historic models. By such associations, new events this influence in all ways—through wisdom and in history take on the power and often the char-

haftarah for pesah,· eighth day ‰ÈÚ˘È ISAIAH 10:32   ,   È ‰ÈÚ˘È 1316 acteristics of an original and foundational mo- and the source of national hope. The festival of ment. History thus becomes a series of repetitive Pesah· is one of many ritual occasions when this and conﬁrming truths. For Jewish memory, truth and this hope are publicly celebrated. God’s redemptive acts constitute one such truth,

32 Ÿ

10ISAIAH ·a ÌBi‰ „BÚ¬©−§´ é This same day at Nob 32 He shall stand and wave his hand. ÆB„È ÛÙÈ¥³¨ Ÿ § „ÓÚÏŸ ©«£®

O mount of Fair Zion! ÔBiˆ-˙a½ ˙È· ¯‰©´©¦ O hill of Jerusalem! Ò :ÌÏLe¯È ˙Ú·b¦§©−§¨¨«¦ 33Lo! The Sovereign L of Hosts ˙B‡·ˆ½ ‰Â‰È§¨´§¨ ÆÔB„‡‰ ‰p‰¦¥³¨¨ 33 ﬀ Will hew o the tree-crowns with an ax: ‰ˆ¯ÚÓa ‰¯‡t ÛÚÒÓ§¨¥¬ª¨−§©£¨¨® The tall ones shall be felled, ÌÈÚe„b½ §¦ Æ‰ÓBw‰ ÈÓ¯Â§¨¥³©¨ The lofty ones cut down: :eÏtLÈ ÌÈ‰·b‰Â¦−¦§¨« Ÿ §©§ 34The thickets of the forest shall be hacked ÏÊ¯aa ¯Úi‰ ÈÎ·Ò§¥¬©©−©©©§¤® ¦« ÛwÂ§¦© away with iron, ² 34 And the Lebanon trees shall fall in their Ò :ÏBtÈ ¯Èc‡a ÔB·l‰Â§©§¨−§©¦¬¦« majesty.

ÈLÈ ÚÊbÓ ¯ËÁ¤¦¥´©¦¨® Ÿ ‡ˆÈÂ§¨¨¬− àé 11 But a shoot shall grow out of the stump of Jesse, :‰¯ÙÈ ÂÈL¯MÓ ¯ˆÂ§¥−¤¦¨¨¨¬¦§¤«

A twig shall sprout from his stock. ‰Â‰È Áe¯ ÂÈÏÚ ‰ÁÂ§¨¨¬¨¨−´©§¨® 2 2The spirit of the L shall alight upon him: ‰È·eÀ ‰ÓÎÁ Áe¯¯©¨§¨´¦¨ A spirit of wisdom and insight, ‰¯e·‚e½ §¨ Æ‰ˆÚ Áe¯³©¥¨ A spirit of counsel and valor, :‰Â‰È ˙‡¯ÈÂ ˙Úc Áe¯¬©©−©§¦§©¬§¨« A spirit of devotion and reverence for the ‰Â‰È ˙‡¯Èa BÁÈ¯‰Â©£¦−§¦§©´§¨® 3 L. 3He shall sense the truth by his reverence for the L:

Isaiah 10:32. The fall of the Assyrian ag- be a pun suggesting a reference to the enemy’s gressor precedes the accounts of the messianic pride (pe•er). The high branches here should be ruler (11:1–10) and the national ingathering contrasted with the humble stump of Jesse’s de- (11:11–16). scendant in the image at the beginning of chapter Nob The place-name is a pun on the refer- 11 (Luzzatto). ence in this verse to the monarch’s contemptuous Isaiah 11:2–5. The messianic ruler will be and boastful “wave” (y’nofef ) of “his hand” divinely inspired. (Luzzatto). This negative act is reversed by God’s The spirit of the Lord The general reference hand gesture (henif ) over the Euphrates (11:15), to “the spirit” (ru•ah· ) is explicated as the spirit in His act of deliverance. of wisdom, insight, counsel, valor, devotion, and 33. tree-crowns Hebrew: purah, with an reverence. added silent letter alef. This unusual spelling may He shall sense Hebrew: va-hariho.· Tradi- Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly 1317 ISAIAH 11:4   ,   ‡È ‰ÈÚ˘È

He shall not judge by what his eyes behold, ËBtLÈ½ ¦§ ÆÂÈÈÚ ‰‡¯ÓÏ-‡ÏÂ§©§¥³¥¨ Ÿ §« Nor decide by what his ears perceive. :ÁÈÎBÈ© ¦« ÂÈÊ‡ ÚÓLÓÏ-‡ÏÂ§¦§©¬¨§¨− Ÿ §« 4Thus he shall judge the poor with equity ÌÈlc½ ©¦ Æ˜„â¤ Æ ËÙLÂ§¨©³§¤ 4 And decide with justice for the lowly of the ı¯‡-ÈÂÚÏ ¯BLÈÓa ÁÈÎB‰Â§¦¬©§¦−§©§¥¨®¤ land. ÂÈt½ Ë·La§¥´¤¦ Æı¯‡-‰k‰Â¤ Æ ¨¤ ¦« § He shall strike down a land with the rod of :ÚL¯ ˙ÈÓÈ ÂÈ˙ÙN Áe¯·e§¬©§¨¨−¨¦¬¨¨« his mouth ÂÈ˙Ó ¯BÊ‡ ˜„ˆ ‰È‰Â§¨¬¨¤−¤¥´¨§¨® 5 And slay the wicked with the breath of his lips. :ÂÈˆÏÁ ¯BÊ‡ ‰eÓ‡‰Â§¨¡¨−¥¬£¨¨« 5Justice shall be the girdle of his loins, N·k¤ ½ -ÌÚ¦¤ Æ·‡Ê ¯‚Â§¨³§¥ 6 And faithfulness the girdle of his waist. ıa¯È È„b-ÌÚ ¯ÓÂ§¨¥−¦§¦´¦§¨® 6The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, The leopard lie down with the kid; ÂcÁÈ½ ©§¨ Æ‡È¯Óe ¯ÈÙÎe Ï‚ÚÂ¤§¦³§¦ ¸ §¥ The calf, the beast of prey, and the fatling :Ìa ‚‰¥¬¨« ÔË˜ŸŸ ¯ÚÂ§©¬©¨− together, ‰ÈÚ¯z¨ ½ ¦§¤ Æ·„ÂŸ ‰¯Ùe¨¨³¨ 7 With a little boy to herd them. Ô‰È„ÏÈ eâ¯È ÂcÁÈ©§¨−¦§§´©§¥¤® 7The cow and the bear shall graze, :Ô·z-ÏÎ‡È©¤«¤ Ÿ« ¯ãk¬ ‰È¯‡Â§©§¥−©¨¨

Their young shall lie down together; ˜BÈ ÚLÚLÂ£©¬¥− ¦« § 8 And the lion, like the ox, shall eat straw. Ô˙t ¯Á-ÏÚ©ª´¨®¤ 8A babe shall play ÈBÚÙˆ½ ˙¯e‡Ó§©´¦§¦ ÆÏÚÂ§© Over a viper’s hole, :‰„‰ B„È ÏeÓb¨−¨¬¨¨« And an infant pass his hand e˙ÈÁLÈ-‡ÏÂ©§¦− Ÿ eÚ¯È-‡Ï¨¥¬§« Ÿ « 9 Over an adder’s den. ÈL„˜ ¯‰-ÏÎa§¨©´¨§¦® 9In all of My sacred mount Nothing evil or vile shall be done; ‰Â‰È-˙‡½ ¤§¨ Æ‰Úc ı¯‡‰¤¥¨ À ‰‡ÏÓ¨§¨´¨¨ -Èk¦« For the land shall be ﬁlled with devotion to Ù :ÌÈqÎÓ¦« ÌiÏ ÌÈnk©©−¦©¨¬§© the L

As water covers the sea. ‡e‰‰½ ÌBia©´© Æ‰È‰Â§¨¨ 10 Æ„ÓÚ¥ Ÿ ¯L‡£¤³ ÈLÈÀ L¯L¤¦© Ÿ ´ 10In that day, ÌÈnÚ½ ÒÏ§¥´©¦ The stock of Jesse that has remained standing eL¯„ÈŸ ÌÈBb ÂÈÏ‡¥¨−¦´¦§® Shall become a standard to peoples— Ù :„B·k B˙ÁÓ ‰˙È‰Â§¨§¨¬§ª¨−¨« Nations shall seek his counsel And his abode shall be honored. Æ˙ÈL | È„‡¨³¥¦ Ÿ £ ÛÈÒBÈ¸¦ ‡e‰À ‰ ÌBia | ‰È‰Â§¨¨´©´© 11 11In that day, my Lord will apply His hand Á¯‡MÈ ¯L‡ BnÚ ¯‡L-˙‡ ˙B˜Ï¦§−¤§¨´©®£¤´¦¨¥ B„È½ ¨ again to redeeming the other part of His people

tionally interpreted as an inner perception that is guided by royal example (vv. 2–5). The (Radak, Ibn Ezra), in contrast to the external king will be inspired by knowledge of God (v. 2), senses of sight and of hearing noted in the sequel. which he will generate among the people. An im- 9. Nothing evil An image of righteousness age of Edenic transformation intervenes (vv. 6–7). Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly ISAIAH 11:12   ,   ‡È ‰ÈÚ˘È 1318 from Assyria—as also from Egypt, Pathros, Nu- LekÓeÀ ÒB¯˙tÓe ÌÈ¯ˆnÓe¦¦©§´¦ ¹ ¦¦§© ¯eM‡Ó¸ ¥© bia, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the coastlands. :Ìi‰ Èi‡Óe¥¦¥−©¨« ˙ÓÁÓe½ ¥´£¨ Æ¯ÚMÓe ÌÏÈÚÓe¥¥¨³¦¦§¨

12 He will hold up a signal to the nations ÌÈBbÏ½ ©¦ ÆÒ ‡NÂ§¨¨¬¥ 12 And assemble the banished of Israel, Ï‡¯NÈ ÈÁ„ ÛÒ‡Â§¨©−¦§¥´¦§¨¥® And gather the dispersed of Judah ıa˜È½ §©¥ Æ‰„e‰È ˙BˆÙe§ª³§¨ From the four corners of the earth. :ı¯‡‰ ˙BÙk Úa¯‡Ó¥©§©−©§¬¨¨«¤ 13Then Ephraim’s envy shall cease ÌÈ¯Ù‡¦ ½ ˙‡˜¦§©´¤§© Æ‰¯ÒÂ¨ Æ §¨ And Judah’s harassment shall end; 13 Ephraim shall not envy Judah, e˙¯kÈ ‰„e‰È È¯¯ˆÂ§¥¬§¨−¦¨¥® Ÿ § And Judah shall not harass Ephraim. ‰„e‰È-˙‡½ ‡p˜È-‡Ï§©¥´¤§¨ Ÿ « ÆÌÈ¯Ù‡¦ Æ ¤§© 14They shall pounce on the back of Philistia :ÌÈ¯Ù‡-˙‡¤¤§¨«¦ ¯ˆÈ-‡ÏŸ ¨¬ Ÿ ‰„e‰ÈÂ¨−« ¦«

to the west, ‰nÈ¨ ¨½ ÆÌÈzLÏt Û˙Î·§¨¥³§¦§¦ eÙÚÂ¸ §¨ 14 And together plunder the peoples of the east; Ì„˜-Èa¤ ® -˙‡¤§¥¤ ef·ÈŸ ÂcÁÈ©§¨−¨´ Edom and Moab shall be subject to them Ì„È½ ÁBÏLÓ¦§´©¨¨ Æ·‡BÓe ÌB„‡¡³¨ And the children of Ammon shall obey them. :ÌzÚÓLÓ ÔBnÚ È·e§¥¬©−¦§©§¨«

15The L will dry up the tongue of the ÌÈ¯ˆÓ¦ ½ -ÌÈ ÔBLÏ ˙‡µ¥§´¨¦§© ‰Â‰ÈÀ ÌÈ¯Á‰Â§¤¡¦´§¨ Egyptian sea.—He will raise His hand over the 15 Euphrates with the might of His wind and break e‰k‰ÂÆÆ BÁe¯ ÌÈÚa ¯‰p‰-ÏÚ B„È ÛÈ‰Â§¥¦¬¨²©©¨¨−©§¨´®§¦¨ it into seven wadis, so that it can be trodden :ÌÈÏÚpa¦« CÈ¯„‰Â§¦§¦−©§¨ ÌÈÏÁ½ ‰Ú·LÏ§¦§¨´§¨¦ 16 dry-shod. Thus there shall be a highway for ¯‡MÈ ¯L‡£¤¬¦¨¥− BnÚ½ ¯‡LÏ¦§¨´© ‰lÒÓ½ ‰˙È‰Â§¨§¨´§¦¨ 16 the other part of His people out of Assyria, such ÌBÈa§¬ Ï‡¯NÈÏ½ §¦§¨¥ Æ ‰˙È‰ ¯L‡k ¯eM‡Ó¥«©®©£¤³¨«§¨ as there was for Israel when it left the land of :ÌÈ¯ˆÓ ı¯‡Ó B˙ÏÚ−¥¤¬¤¦§¨«¦ Ÿ £ Egypt.

12 ‡e‰‰½ ÌBia©´© Æz¯Ó‡Â§¨«©§¨ áé In that day, you shall say: “I give thanks to You, O L! ‰Â‰È½ E„B‡§´§¨ Although You were wroth with me, Èa zÙ‡ Èk¦¬¨©−§¨¦® Your wrath has turned back and You comfort :ÈÓÁ˙e Et‡©§−«§©£¥«¦ ·LÈŸ ¨¬

me, È˙ÚeLÈ Ï‡¥¯§¨¦² ‰p‰¸ ¦¥ 2 2Behold the God who gives me triumph!

12. hold up a signal The Hebrew (v’nasa convey the new exodus. The splitting of waters nes) is alliterative. The various images of this into seven streams is known from Canaanite and prophecy have been combined by rabbinic tradi- other ancient sources. The transfer of this battle tion to form the 10th blessing of the daily Amidah to events of the Exodus is also found in Isa. prayer. In it, God is called on to gather the exiles 51:9–11. from their dispersion. Its invocation of a trium- Isaiah 12:2–3. These verses have entered phal blast of the shofar to inaugurate this messi- ﬁxed liturgical practice as an expression of mes- anic moment draws on Isa. 27:13. sianic hope in the Havdalah service at the con- 15. The prophet uses mythic imagery to clusion of Shabbat. Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary Copyright © 2001 by the Rabbinical Assembly 1319 ISAIAH 12:3   ,   ·È ‰ÈÚ˘È

I am conﬁdent, unafraid; „ÁÙ‡¤§¨® ‡ÏÂŸ ÁË·‡¤§©−§´ For Yah the L is my strength and might, ‰Â‰È½ dÈ¨´§¨ Æ˙¯ÓÊÂ ÈfÚ-Èk¨¦³§¦§¨ ¦« And He has been my deliverance.” :‰ÚeLÈÏ¨« ¦« ÈÏ-È‰ÈÂ©«§¦¦−

3 Joyfully shall you draw water ÔBNNa ÌÈÓ-Ìz·‡Le§©§¤©−¦§¨® 3 From the fountains of triumph, :‰ÚeLÈ‰ ÈÈÚnÓ¦©©§¥−©§¨« 4And you shall say on that day: ‡e‰‰À ÌBia©´© Ìz¯Ó‡Âº ©£©§¤ 4  “Praise the L , proclaim His name. BÓL·½ e‡¯˜¦§´¦§ Æ‰Â‰ÈÏ e„B‰³©«¨ Make His deeds known among the peoples; ÂÈ˙ÏÈÏÚ¨® Ÿ ¦« ÌÈnÚ· eÚÈ„B‰¦¬¨«©¦−£ Declare that His name is exalted. :BÓL ·bN Èk¦¬¦§¨−§« e¯ÈkÊ‰¾ ©§¦ 5Hymn the L, For He has done gloriously; ‰Â‰È½ e¯nÊ©§´§¨ 5 Let this be made known ‰NÚ ˙e‡‚ Èk¦¬¥−¨¨® In all the world! ˙‡ÊŸ ˙Ú„eÓ©¬©− ˙Ú„ÈÓ 6Oh, shout for joy, :ı¯‡‰-ÏÎa§¨¨¨«¤

You who dwell in Zion! Èp¯Â¦Ÿ ÈÏ‰ˆ©£¦¬¨− 6 For great in your midst ÔBiˆ ˙·LBÈ¤´¤¦® Is the Holy One of Israel.” Ca¯˜a ÏB„‚-Èk¨¬§¦§¥− ¦« Ù ‡¯NÈ LB„˜:Ï §¬¦§¨¥«