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Arts and Culture 05 Arts & culture.qxp 1/24/05 9:16 AM Page 101 5 Arts and culture The Department of Arts and Culture aims to develop The Department is responsible for 27 public enti- and preserve South African culture, to ensure social ties, including museums, art galleries, the National cohesion and nation-building. It is the custodian of Archives and six playhouses. South Africa’s diverse cultural, artistic and linguistic In 2004/05, about R1,8 million was invested in heritage. regional community arts centre projects. The Pro- motion of Arts and Culture in South Africa Sub- Funding programme funded six theatres, three orchestras and a range of other artistic endeavours in 2003/04. The Department’s budget has grown at an annu- The sum of R93,2 million was allocated to perform- al average rate of 32,5% over the past three ing arts institutions. The Promotion of Arts and Culture years. Subprogramme was allocated R36,2 million, and the Transfers to heritage, arts and culture institutions National Arts Council of South Africa (NAC) R44,6 mil- are projected to make up an average of 82,9% of lion. The Arts and Culture in Society Programme re- the budget over the medium term. ceived 19,11% of the Department's budget. 101 05 Arts & culture.qxp 1/24/05 9:16 AM Page 102 National symbols Mqhayi. It has been translated into most of South Africa’s official languages. National Anthem The National Anthem of South Africa is a combined National Flag version of Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika and The Call of The National Flag of the Republic of South Africa South Africa (Die Stem van Suid-Afrika). The Call of was brought into use on Freedom Day, 27 April South Africa was written by C.J. Langenhoven in 1994. The design and colours are a synopsis of the May 1918. The music was composed by the Rev. principal elements of the country’s flag history. M.L. de Villiers in 1921. Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika was The central design of the Flag, beginning at the composed in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a Methodist flag-pole in a ‘V’ form and flowing into a single hor- mission school teacher. izontal band to the outer edge of the fly, can be The words of the first stanza were originally writ- interpreted as the convergence of diverse elements ten in isiXhosa as a hymn. Seven additional stanzas within South African society, taking the road ahead in isiXhosa were later added by the poet Samuel in unity. The Flag was designed by the State Herald. 102 05 Arts & culture.qxp 1/24/05 9:16 AM Page 103 south africa yearbook 2004/05 When the Flag is displayed vertically against a National Orders wall, the red band should be to the left of the view- National Orders are the highest awards that the er, with the hoist or the cord seam at the top. When country can bestow on individual South Africans and it is displayed horizontally, the hoist should be to the eminent foreign leaders and personalities. left of the viewer and the red band at the top. When The Order of Mapungubwe is awarded to South the Flag is displayed next to or behind the speaker African citizens for excellence and exceptional at a meeting, it must be placed to the speaker’s achievement. right. When it is placed elsewhere in the meeting The Order of the Baobab is awarded to South place, it should be to the right of the audience. African citizens for distinguished service in the fields of business and the economy; science, medicine, National Coat of Arms technological innovation; and community service. South Africa’s Coat of Arms was launched on The Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo is Freedom Day, 27 April 2000. awarded to Heads of State and other dignitaries for A central image of the Coat of Arms is the well- promoting peace, co-operation and friendship known secretary bird with its uplifted wings. Above towards South Africa. the bird is the rising sun, a force that gives life while The Order of Luthuli is awarded to South Africans representing the flight of darkness and the triumph who have made a meaningful contribution to the of discovery, knowledge and understanding of things struggle for democracy, human rights, nation- that have been hidden, and illuminating the new life building, justice and peace, and conflict resolution. that is coming into being. Below the bird is the pro- The Order of Ikhamanga is awarded to South tea, an indigenous flower of South Africa, which rep- African citizens who have excelled in the fields of resents beauty, the aesthetic harmony of all its cul- arts, culture, literature, music, journalism and sport. tures, and South Africa flowering as a nation. The The Order of the Mendi Decoration for Bravery is ears of wheat are emblems of the fertility of the land, awarded to South African citizens who have per- while the tusks of the African elephant, reproduced formed extraordinary acts of bravery. in pairs to represent men and women, symbolise wisdom, steadfastness and strength. National Symbols At the centre stands a shield, which signifies the South Africa’s National Symbols are: protection of South Africans from one generation to • National Animal: Springbok the next. Above it, repose a spear and a knobkierie. • National Bird: Blue Crane Together, they assert the defence of peace rather • National Fish: Galjoen than a posture of war. This shield of peace, which • National Flower: King Protea also brings to mind an African drum, conveys the • National Tree: Real Yellowwood. message of a people imbued with a love of culture. Its upper part is a shield being imaginatively repre- Arts and culture sented by the protea. Contained within the shield are some of the ear- organisations liest representations of humanity in the world. Those depicted were the very first inhabitants of the land, National Heritage Council namely the Khoisan people. These figures are (NHC) derived from images on the Linton Stone, a world- famous example of South African rock art. The The NHC, a statutory body that aims to bring equity motto of the Coat of Arms, !ke e:/xarra//ke, written to heritage promotion and conservation, was in the Khoisan language of the /Xam people, means launched in February 2004. ‘diverse people unite’ or ‘people who are different The 23-member Council was appointed by the joining together’. Minister of Arts and Culture in terms of the NHC Act, 103 05 Arts & culture.qxp 1/24/05 9:16 AM Page 104 National Fish: Galjoen National Bird: Blue Crane National Animal: Springbok National Tree: real Yellowwood National Flower: King Protea The Order of the Baobab The Order of Mapungubwe The Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo The Order of Luthuli The Order of the The Order of Ikhamanga Mendi Decoration for Bravery 05 Arts & culture.qxp 1/24/05 9:16 AM Page 105 south africa yearbook 2004/05 1999 (Act 25 of 1999). The Council, which receives The Council has jurisdiction over all names of a government grant for its activities, is responsible geographical features and entities falling within the for museums, libraries, archives and sites with reli- territories over which the South African Government gious, political, cultural, scientific, archaeological or has sovereignty or jurisdiction acquired by treaty. environmental significance. It is also the custodian The following principles are adhered to: of living heritage such as the traditions of song, • each individual feature or entity should have only dance, story-telling and oral history. one official name The Council provides funding for ongoing opera- • the following types of geographical names tional and project requirements by transfer pay- should generally be avoided: ments to institutions under its aegis. Further funding - approved names of places elsewhere in South may take place through matched subsidy or core Africa funding, and applications for funds are assessed by - names of places in other countries, and subcommittees comprising Council members. names of countries The Council also advises on policies for research - names that are blasphemous, indecent, offen- and the management of collections, curating, sive, vulgar, unaesthetic or embarrassing exhibits and education. - names that are discriminatory or derogatory - names that may be regarded as an advertise- South African Heritage ment for a particular product, service or firm Resources Agency (SAHRA) - names of living persons. The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act 25 The SAGNC has been assigned, among its duties, to of 1999), established the SAHRA to manage the facilitate the establishment of Provincial Geograph- heritage resources of the country in co-operation ical Names Committees. with similar provincial agencies. Publications of the Council are available on the The SAHRA has established the National Heritage departmental website under Heritage Chief Resources Fund to provide financial assistance, in Directorate. Applications for approval of a changed the form of a grant or a loan, to an approved body or new name can also be processed online by visit- or individual, for any project which contributes to the ing www.dac.gov.za. conservation and protection of South Africa’s national heritage resources. National Arts Council of Conservation categories include: South Africa • national heritage sites, registers, areas and The NAC took over the structures and responsibili- objects ties of the Foundation of the Creative Arts on 29 • protected areas October 1997. • structures over 60 years old The 22-member Council aims, among other • burial grounds and graves things, to: • fossils (palaeontology) and archaeology • support arts practice by creating and providing • rock art opportunities to achieve excellence in the arts, • historical shipwrecks.
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