From the Editor Bill Jones

LakeLine encourages letters to the editor. he philosopher George Santayana The formation of NALMS was is quoted as saying, “Those who Do you have a lake-related question? Or, inspired, in part, by the 1972 Water cannot remember the past are have you read something in LakeLine Pollution Control Act, which created Tcondemned to repeat it.” With this that stimulates your interest? We’d love the Federal Clean Lakes Program. in mind, we devote to hear from you via e-mail, telephone, The Federal Clean Lakes Program this 30th anniversary or postal letter. was initially funded in 1976, about the issue of LakeLine time that pre-NALMS lake restoration to remembering the conferences were held in Wisconsin history of NALMS some of my best friends and I’m proud and Minnesota. It was an exciting with the hope that this to call them colleagues. They have been time. The linkage between that early endeavor will better there to answer my questions and I’ve version of the Clean Water Act, the U.S. lead us into the future. used their work to teach countless Indiana EPA, and NALMS is not coincidental. Each of us has University students about lakes and lake In their article, Anne Weinberg and our own story to tell of how we came management. As we “old-timers” near Tom Davenport provide an historical to discover NALMS. For me, I was a retirement, we must count on a new crop perspective for this relationship. No one young limnologist attending my first of younger lake-management scientists in federal government has been more professional meeting, the 1979 North and activists to carry on the important supportive of NALMS than Anne and American Lake Management Conference work of NALMS. It is my hope that this Tom. at Michigan State University. There I issue will not only allow us to reminisce Lake management has changed a lot was excited to meet and learn about about the past but to also provide a over the past 30 years…or has it? I asked the progressive work of Dan Canfield, foundation on which this new generation Kent Thornton and Steve Heiskary Dennis Cooke, Ken Reckhow, David can help NALMS go forth and prosper. to chronicle changes in lake science Schindler, Paul Uttormark, Robert Who better to provide the definitive over this period. Both are accomplished Wetzel, and others. We were beginning history of NALMS than Bob Kirschner? limnologists and long-time NALMS a lake diagnostic study of Cedar Lake, Bob has served NALMS in so many ways members. Kent and Steve didn’t have Indiana, and I came to this meeting over the years – including two terms as room to include advances in modeling to learn what to do. When my former Secretary, Parliamentarian, and unofficial so they recommended that Dave Soballe professor at UW-Madison, Lowell historian. In their article, we reproduce write about that, and he agreed to do so. Klessig, asked for volunteers who the first decade’s history from a previous Dave’s article is a must-read for modeling would like to work together during the issue of LakeLine, Bob covers the second students. upcoming year on forming a professional decade of NALMS history, and David The past 30 years has seen an lake management society I must have Rosenthal, who has been extremely explosion in volunteerism, especially thought I was back in class because I active in NALMS in more recent years, with lakes. When volunteer lake raised my hand. The rest, as they say, is handles the last ten years. You wouldn’t monitoring is mentioned, Linda Green’s history. I’ve been raising my hand for believe how much effort went into this name is often included. Linda asked the NALMS for over 30 years now. article. very experienced Alice Mayio to co- NALMS has been the foundation of Dan Canfield, another NALMS author and together, they weave together my professional career, as it has been for stalwart and 1979 conference participant, a comprehensive history of volunteer lake so many others you will hear from in this sought out several NALMS Life monitoring. issue. The NALMS members I’ve met Members to share their perspectives When I began planning this special at annual symposia or the States’ Lake to help answer the question, “Why issue, I put out a call to all NALMS Management Conferences have become NALMS?” ( . . . contined on page 6)

4 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE (FROM THE EDITOR . . . contined from page 4) members to share their thoughts about Hoyer. One of the student leaders, Dana so this column is a great opportunity NALMS with LakeLine readers. Nine of Bingham, has taken the lead in preparing to further build awareness of NALMS you sent me reflections of what NALMS a new column called, “Student’s Corner,” around the world. means to you and from the personal in which issues affecting students and Eight NALMS Affiliates responded nature of these submissions, it is clear that their relationship with NALMS will be to my call for news for this anniversary NALMS is a very special organization. explored. The other new column is called issue. They have been very busy! This issue of LakeLine also marks “Worldviews.” In it, Sharon Reedyk and And, as usual, we conclude with the debut of not one, but two new regular Robert Morgan will feature activities of “Literature Search.” columns. Student involvement in NALMS NALMS international members. NALMS Enjoy! x has been an emphasis of President Mark has members in 15 different nations,

6 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE From the President Mark Hoyer

Thirty Years of NALMS: A Short Time or A Long Time?

great deal happened in 1980 when NALMS was born – Mount St. Helens erupted, John Lennon Awas assassinated, Bill Gates licensed MS-DOS to IBM, and CNN was launched as the first all-news network. To me, these events seem to be from the dusty past and if you ask any high school student, few if any have heard of these events or know who John Lennon was. Another yardstick to time is the fact that I have been married for 30 years, as has one of our other past NALMS presidents, Richard Wedepold. We discovered this commonality while eating dinner with the NALMS staff Sarah and Phillip in Madison this year. It was through general conversation that Richard and I discovered that we had both been married in 1979 and while we were congratulating each other on finding extremely tolerant women, Sarah quietly said that she was born in 1979. This made me feel like I Mark in 1980. Mark in 2010. came from beyond the dusty past and makes 30 years look and feel like a long scale of analysis determines if 30 years is 30 years NALMS has tried to expand to time. a long or a short time. a governance model with an Executive Comparing the average cumulative As NALMS developed over the last Director. Each time NALMS was not deviation in long-term rainfall records 30 years, the infrastructure of the society able to financially sustain an Executive (100-year records) from 20 different has grown in stages and in different Director or the desired governance model. Florida stations with the Atlantic Multi- directions, depending on the active This troubles many NALMS members decadal Oscillation (AMO) deviation leadership of a given time period and the who remember the agony of these efforts, in temperature, we see that there is a resources that were available to those making the initial 30 years seem like a long-term inverse relationship (Figure 1). leaders. This growth has generally been very long time. I personally think these However, comparing these two measures good for our society and we have had are just growing pains as we build the in any individual 30-year period by success leveraging the resources of many NALMS foundation for the future and itself would show no such pattern. Thus, willing volunteers who have a common after 100 years has gone by people will be this example suggests that for some desire to protect our water resources. Our able to truly see NALMS successes over considerations 30 years is really a short membership has had peaks and troughs the longer timeline. time. Therefore, the question at hand and and on three different occasions in the last

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 5 I propose that the first 30 years of NALMS has been short and that we cannot yet see the whole picture of NALMS’s impact on lake management. Much like the pattern between the AMO and Florida rainfall (Figure 1), NALMS needs to continue doing business until the true pattern of our successes emerge. NALMS has done and continues to do excellent work in many areas despite the short-term peaks and troughs NALMS has experienced. NALMS’ excellent contributions to lake management include but are not limited to the 26 volumes of Lake and Reservoir Management, 30 volumes of LakeLine, and the tremendous information transfer at 30 annual conferences. I know most of my career (some would debate its success) in the area of lake management was influenced and helped by the many interactions I had with other NALMS members at annual conferences. All of this written material and tens of thousands of interactions at conferences has contributed to fulfilling the NALMS mission of forging partnerships among citizens, scientists, and professionals and to foster the management and protection of lakes and reservoirs for today and tomorrow. Is it a coincidence that in the over 30 years that NALMS has been in existence, the recent EPA National Lakes Assessment showed that 75 percent of the 800 lakes sampled in the 1970s showed either improvement or no change in phosphorus levels or is a NALMS- assisted long-term pattern starting to appear? Let’s all work harder at growing the NALMS membership and keeping NALMS strong into the future so that the impact that NALMS is having and will continue to have on lakes and reservoirs becomes clearer for everyone to see. x

6 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE NALMS at 30

NALMS through the Years

Bob Kirschner and David Rosenthal

Introduction 1980-81 their discussion centered on the type of hen a summary of NALMS’ NALMS was chartered on society NALMS should be, its size, and first decade appeared in the September 10, 1980, in Portland, Maine, its operations. Our Society voted that November 1990 issue of for the purpose of promoting a better the entire Board, not just the Executive WLakeLine, it was observed understanding of lakes, ponds, reservoirs, Committee, would approve policies. that “the story of NALMS has been impoundments, and their watersheds as written by many people.” Still today, ecological units. The Society’s interests 1981-82 nothing could be more true. included protection, restoration, and The Clean Water Act was up That compilation of NALMS’ first management of these waterbodies. for reauthorization in 1982, but the decade was penned 20 years ago by Rick Our first year was an unequivocal Administration’s budget did not McVoy and Bob Haynes for inclusion success. Membership more than tripled include the Clean Lakes Program. in the 1990 NALMS calendar. Their from 105 on January 1, 1981, to 323 NALMS actively supported continued informative chronicle is reproduced here by the end of the year. At that time our appropriations, however, and each issue verbatim (it seemed so presumptuous Society represented 39 states, 6 provinces, of LakeLine emphasized a letter-writing to rewrite history). The next decade, 3 foreign countries, 30 public agencies, campaign among our membership. Also, 1990-1999, was gleaned by Bob and 11 corporations. Our address was NALMS President Tom Gordon testified Kirschner from boxes upon boxes of P.O. Box 68, Winthrop, Maine, and it at congressional appropriation hearings. old LakeLine magazines, board meeting cost 36 cents to mail the first LakeLine Finally, Congress not only appropriated materials, and task force files. The final (March 1981) to members living in North $3 million for Clean Lakes, it also funded decade, 2000-2010, was encapsulated by America. Phase 1 projects. Said a prominent David Rosenthal drawing from his own NALMS’ first president, Dennis Washington lobbyist, “There’s no way stash of NALMS magazines, journals, Cooke, other officers, and some board the Clean Lakes Program should be alive e-newsletters, and the like. members worked hard during the first year today, but NALMS refused to let it die.” We hope you enjoy this stroll through to help restore funding to the U.S. EPA’s Acid deposition issues were also NALMS memorabilia as much as we Clean Lakes Program. By the summer of common fare in LakeLine during 1982. enjoyed putting it together. So many 1981, the House had voted $5 million for Articles and editorials by our members people have contributed so much over Clean Lakes; the Senate $12 million. The debated both sides of the stack emission the years to NALMS. But unfortunately, House eventually compromised to $8.5 control versus lake liming controversy. many of the Society’s hardest working million. However, Congress specified that Even our 1982 election became volunteers – including the annual these funds were allocated to complete controversial when, after two ballots, symposium planning teams and most ongoing Phase 2 projects only. Since Al Duda and Dick Henry tied for the of the annual award recipients, board chances for continued federal funding position of secretary with 72 votes each. members, and those involved with task appeared grim and private associations At that time our Society’s bylaws made no forces and special project teams – simply were not eligible for state or federal provision for settling a tie vote, so Al and couldn’t all be recognized due to space grants, Cooke initiated a drive to contact Dick shared the duties of secretary. constraints. But you know who you are. all known lake associations to encourage Our 2nd Annual Symposium was And you surely must smile – and swell and support local lake protection and held in Vancouver from October 27 with pride – when you think back on the management efforts. to 29, 1982, at the Inn at Denman impact you’ve had on NALMS, and how Over 100 individuals participated Place. Attendance was limited to 300 NALMS has left its impact on your life. in each of two EPA/NALMS “Lake participants. EPA contracted with On the collective behalf of all the Assistance Workshops” in Chicago and NALMS to produce the “Conference lakes in North America, thank you from Seattle on September 29-30 and October Proceedings” as the biennial report, the hypolimnia of our hearts. 6-7, 1981, respectively. At the Chicago mandated by Congress, on the protection Workshop, 40 members attended our and restoration of the nation’s freshwater Society’s first annual meeting. Much of lakes.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 7 A number of our members gave willingly of their time, energy, and resources to ensure the success and maturation of Society. Two examples deserving special recognition were Judy Taggart and the (then) Mud Cat Division of National Car Rental. On a voluntary basis, Judy had put together each issue of LakeLine since the first issue, and Mud Cat gave NALMS $2,000 in both 1981 and 1982 to print the Society’s newsletter.

1982-83 1983 was a good news/bad news year. Among the good news, our membership more than doubled to 500 during the first half of the year and registration exceeded 500 at the annual symposium held at the World’s Fair Holiday Inn in Knoxville, Tennessee. Also, U.S. EPA received 34 applications totaling over $9 million for the $3 million available in Clean Lakes Program funds. Congress authorized $5 million for Clean Lakes in 1984. Massachusetts allocated its first year’s funds under the Commonwealth’s fledgling Clean Lakes Program. Grants totaling $2.7 million in state funds were made to 40 applicant communities. Among the bad news, Wisconsin was faced with a $2.5 billion shortfall in revenue, and the Inland Lake Grant Program and associated technical support were eliminated from the state budget. Maine weathered a similar attempt to eliminate its lake restoration program. At the marathon Board meeting and subsequent annual meeting in Knoxville, several decisive steps were taken by our Society. A central office was established Figure 1. The first issue of LakeLine was eight pages long and in newsletter format. through an office-sharing agreement with Judith Taggart & Associates and our official address moved to P.O. home of President Eben Chesebrough in (October 16-19) migration. For the first Box 217, Merrifield, VA 22116. Also, Douglas, Massachusetts. Faced with the time, non-technical sessions/workshops the controversial corporate sustaining “threat” of farm labor, several decisive were presented for our lay membership. membership fee ($250) issue was resolved steps were taken by the board. They Another first was the award of best by making a “sustaining membership” included establishing a NALMS journal, student paper; Mary Jaynes took home the available to any member and by selecting Judith Taggart as our first $100 prize established by Hydrolab. One reinstating the $50 corporate fee. executive secretary, and publishing more who could not attend the symposium was Bill Jones of Indiana University frequent (bimonthly) issues of LakeLine. Region 1 Director Matt Scott, who stayed compiled his first “Literature Search” Effective July 1984, LakeLine was in Maine to receive the “Exceptional for the June issue of LakeLine, a regular copyrighted and its masthead carried a Achievement Award” from Governor column that has continued uninterrupted Library of Congress ISSN number. Joseph Brennan. since then. By mid-year our membership totaled Kudos also went to Al Duda, who 670, but it swelled to 920 at the 4th Annual was awarded the American Water 1983-84 Symposium in McAfee, New Jersey. Resources Association’s 1983 William R. Even 18 inches of snow did not stop Some 400 attendees flocked to the Great Boggess Award for a paper he authored the mid-year Board meeting at the farm George Hotel during the Society’s fall the preceding year. Al also made major

8 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE contributions to NALMS by chairing the Starting and Building an Effective Lake entries. The Big Shot Award went to Jane Government Affairs Committee and by Association, came off the press in April. Smith for her Egypt Meadow Lake photo, preparing testimony and position papers About the same time, Rick McVoy created which graced the cover of the Society’s for our Society. NALMS’ expertise database. The long- first calendar. The U.S. EPA received 32 project promised Layman’s Bibliography was also Our 6th Annual Symposium was proposals totaling $7.7 million, an published in 1985. held at the Thunderbird Inn in Portland, amount almost $3 million in excess of Nearly 600 people convened in Oregon, November 5 to 8. For the first funds allocated by Congress for FY84. Kansas City, Missouri from May 19 to time, conference abstracts were peer- The Administration’s budget for FY85 22 to participate in the “Perspectives in reviewed, as were the resulting papers included $2.5 million for Clean Lakes Nonpoint Source Pollution” conference, before they were published in the Program, whereas our Society advocated which was acclaimed as an important Proceedings. Our first slide/tape show $15 million. Also, the U.S. EPA awarded initiative in bringing nonpoint source premiered at the conference; it was a grant to NALMS to coordinate a major issues to the forefront on a national scale. developed by Eben Chesebrough and conference on nonpoint source pollution Our 5th Symposium was held at Elaine Hartman of the Massachusetts in Kansas City, Missouri. the Americana Lake Geneva Resort in Clean Lakes Program. Eben (Secchi Disk) Wisconsin, November 13 to 16. The and Hydrolab (Corporate Award accepted 1984-85 poster session and awards banquet were by Jim Flynn) were among those honored Funding and ground rules both first instituted at this conference. Bob at the annual banquet. And members changed for the U.S. EPA’s Clean Lakes Johnson, credited with sparking the idea voting at the annual meeting approved Program during FY85. EPA tapped of NALMS and creating the federal Clean provisions to the bylaws for adding the Program for $1.25 million to fund Lakes Program, earned the first Secchi chapters to our Society. construction grants operator training. And Disk Award as the Society’s Outstanding the Office of Management and Budget Individual Member. Mud Cat was honored 1986-87 directed EPA to fund only ongoing Phase as Outstanding Corporate Member. Dave A formal year-end financial statement 2 projects with the remaining allocation. Schindler’s banquet address brought first appeared in the May issue of To make matters worse, the EPA again nearly 600 members to their feet with a LakeLine. It revealed that our Society requested no funds for Clean Lakes in standing ovation. had grown from an organization with an FY86. The good news was the 94-0 vote Membership continued to grow in annual expenditure of $7,000 in 1981 to a by the U.S. Senate to approve the Clean 1985 with 967 members recorded. budget of $350,000 in 1987. In 1987, our Water Act. Society established a Graduate Student The March issue of LakeLine marked 1985-86 Scholarship/Intern Program using a the 5th anniversary of our publication. To Advertising was first accepted for $5,000 grant from Living lakes, Inc. A celebrate, three holes and progressive LakeLine beginning with the March pledge of $1,000 made Atlas Copco the page numbers were added to this and 1986 issue. Smalley Excavators and first member to contribute to the fund. subsequent issues. Our first book, Applied Research Technology were For the first time in seven years, the the first to advertise. A new column – EPA requested Clean Lakes Program “State of the States” – was initiated in funding from Congress. Ironically, the next issue (July). California, Ohio, however, it fell victim to the Congress’ Oklahoma, and Washington formed last-minute budget reconciliation process statewide lake associations. And on the and the $10 million appropriation was rebound, Wisconsin unveiled its new lake omitted from the final bill. management program in 1986. Lynn Moore, then a writer and editor A major fundraising drive headed by in the Society’s office, researched, wrote, President Wayne Poppe was initiated in and designed NALMS’ Management July. Clivus Multrum and Butterworths Guide for Lakes and Reservoirs. She was became the first to contribute to an assisted by a team of six reviewers from endowment fund by upgrading their our membership. membership to “Sustaining.” And for the The fledgling Ohio Lake first time, Mud Cat directed its annual Management Society organized our $2,000 gift to overall Society needs. Society’s first regional workshop in May EPA awarded NALMS a $270,000 at Columbus, Ohio. A second workshop grant to prepare a lake restoration manual held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Austin, mandated by Congress several years Texas, in July was organized by Texans previously. Spence Peterson served as the Charles Dvorsky and Jim Flynn. EPA project manager. Torrential rains greeted attendees as Figure 2. Judy Taggart helped lead NALMS National Geographic’s Robert they arrived in Orlando, Florida for the th through an incredibly productive first ten F. Sisson judged NALMS’ first photo 7 Annual Symposium at the Peabody years. contest, selecting 13 winners from 80 Hotel. More people, more sessions,

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 9 more exhibitors, and more ducks under the passionate leadership of Bob With board approval, state characterized this successful conference. Kirschner, for the next 22 straight years. associations in California, Michigan, Registration officially totaled 600. Our The 8th Annual Symposium, held in Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, most prestigious awards went to Donna St. Louis, focused on nonpoint source Washington, and Wisconsin joined Sefton (Secchi Disk) and Living Lakes, pollution control issues. Bill Funk was Virginia and Florida as NALMS chapters. Inc. (Corporate Award accepted by Bob honored with the Secchi Disk Award and The board also approved the certification Brocksen). President Dick Wedepohl’s Aqua Technique received the Corporate plan developed by a task force headed by embrace of Shamu the whale at Sea Award (accepted by Richard Geney). Roy Mann to establish standards for the World, and the premier performance of Michael Beckwith of Idaho took first lake management profession. Eben Chesebrough’s “Ode to NALMS” place in the photo contest, and Dennis A special issue of LakeLine, by officers and Board members at the Cooke won a special award for recruiting published in May, contained the first conclusion of the banquet added levity to the most new members. written record of NALMS’ regional and this conference. state workshops. Don Feliciano was 1988-89 technical editor of these issues. The Lake 1987-88 Our 9th Annual Symposium was and Reservoir Restoration Guidance The Lake and Reservoir Restoration held at the Stouffer Hotel in Austin, Manual was in such demand that EPA Guidance Manual was produced by Texas, during the week of November distributed 10,000 copies. NALMS under a contract with the 5. The conference was preceded by Forty-seven states responded to a EPA. Headed by project manager Kent an International Nonpoint Source NALMS survey on their use of water Thornton, the team of writers included Symposium and a Tailwater Ecology quality standards. A special task force, Bruce Kimmel, Lowell Klessig, Dick Workshop. Our conference focused chaired by Bob Johnson, conducted the Wedepohl, Doug Knauer, Bill Walker, mainly on multiple- and single-use survey and subsequently produced the Forrest Payne, Dennis Cooke, Frank management of reservoirs. A modeling Preliminary Report on Water Quality Browne, and Bill Funk, with Garth course by Ken Reckhow and Steve Standards for Lakes. Redfield and Lynn Moore as editors. Chapra concluded the events. EPA also awarded a $1.25 million Lake NALMS cosponsored two national 1990 Assistance Grant to NALMS to fund conferences in the spring: “The Water Membership topped 2,000 for the regional and state workshops. Quality Act – Making Nonpoint Programs first time, though there were just two The first state workshop was held Work” in St. Louis, and “Enhancing the Life Members (Dennis Cooke and Tom in Little Rock, Arkansas. Consequently, States’ Lake and Wetland Management Gordon). NALMS membership in that state Programs” in Chicago. The latter The 10th anniversary of NALMS was surged from 5 to 75. Overall, Society conference hosted the board’s mid-term celebrated in Springfield, Massachusetts membership rose substantially from meeting. at our annual symposium. Ginny Garrison about 1,100 to over 1,700 in 1988, thanks to Jay Sauber, Jim LaBounty, and their committees (Membership and International, respectively). We unveiled a new magazine format for LakeLine that included more pages, a higher-grade paper, a colorful cover, many pictures, and a table of contents. The July issue included a new regular column titled, “How-to for Your Lake,” written by Steve McComas of Blue Water Science, St. Paul, Minnesota. At its mid-term meeting in Chicago, coincident with the first of what would become a much-anticipated annual tradition, the National Conference on Enhancing the States’ Lake Management Programs, our Board approved the Virginia Lakes Association as NALMS’ first state chapter. The Board also opened our journal to publication of articles by non-members. The National Conference on Enhancing the States’ Lake Management Programs would continue, Figure 3. Rich, chocolate desserts were a feature of the annual States’ Lake Conference banquets.

10 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE presented a forward-looking plan for Andrew Carpenter were hired to produce 1992 a chapter-based, grassroots structure LakeLine. NALMS’ financial troubles eased to better help the Society carry out its The Denver Conference Committee, with retirement of all of its external debt mission. Bob Kirschner was presented lead by Jim LaBounty and Bob and in January, a full year ahead of schedule. with the Secchi Disk Award, and Judith Marilyn Shroeder, and assisted by Wayne Led by President Dan Canfield, Taggart & Associates was awarded the Poppe and Chuck Dvorsky, took full NALMS threw its support to volunteer Outstanding Corporation Award. Dennis charge of conference activities and put monitoring efforts and to continued Cooke, Gene Welch, Peter Newroth, on a very successful annual conference. funding of the federal Clean Lakes and Spence Peterson earned NALMS’ Poster presentation space was greatly Program. EMAP, the Environmental Technical Merit Award for their acclaimed expanded and poster sessions were made Monitoring and Assessment Program, book, Restoration and Management of a formal part of the concurrent session was proposed by U.S. EPA to provide Lakes and Reservoirs. In the Exhibit Area, format. There was even a live bull for a comprehensive, statistically valid Miss Colorado staffed the promotional conference-goers to ride at Wednesday sampling program to evaluate efforts to booth for the 1991 symposium to be held evening’s “Colorado Night.” At the protect and improve the environment. in Denver. beginning of the conference, outside This controversial program was much NALMS hit a rough financial patch temperatures were in the mid-60s, but discussed in LakeLine and among in 1990. The Society was in substantial by Friday Denver was socked with a NALMS members. debt, and executive secretary Judy Taggart blizzard and many NALMS members NALMS coordinated the 1st Southeast resigned in June to free up her salary to were seen in the hotel lobby with skis Lake Management Conference at hire a fundraiser. Jonathan Simpson was and ski poles in hand. Richard Wedepohl Kennesaw State College in Georgia, with hired as the new executive secretary in received NALMS’ Secchi Disk Award. 200 lake enthusiasts attending. Alberta, September and was charged with the Ann St. Amand and Ken Wagner offered Indiana, and South Carolina joined the immediate and primary responsibility of their first Algae Identification Workshop ranks of NALMS chapters, bringing the fundraising. at the Denver conference – this highly total at year’s end to 16. Oregon and Illinois chapter petitions popular workshop has lived on as a pre- Jane Dauffenbach and Gina were approved by the NALMS Board in symposium offering ever since. Dauffenbach continued their extraordinary November, bringing the total number of Canada’s first workshop on service to NALMS as Exhibits Chairs chapters to 11. The Board also directed lake restoration, “Lake Restoration: at the annual conference in Cincinnati, NALMS to explore desktop publishing Expectations and Realities,” was held and their company (Aquarius Systems) as a potential option for reducing the March 22-23, 1991 at the Alberta received the Outstanding Corporation production costs of LakeLine. Environmental Centre at the University Award. Ginny Garrison was presented The second edition of the Lake and of Alberta, jointly sponsored by Alberta with the Secchi Disk Award. Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual Environmental Centre, the University The Board of Directors representation was completed with editorial direction of Alberta, NALMS, and Alberta was realigned, eliminating the two at- provided by Harvey Olem and Gretchen Environment. large director positions and creating two Flock. Late in the year, the technical Over 110 NALMS members new regional director positions that only supplement document Monitoring Lake responded to an appeal from President represent members residing in Canadian and Reservoir Restoration was released, Rick McVoy to provide financial support provinces. thanks to the hard work of NALMS to the Society. Life memberships quickly A prototype alternative to the current members Richard Wedepohl, Doug swelled to 24 (from three the previous LakeLine magazine format was released Knauer, Brad Wolbert, Harvey Olem, Paul year). At the mid-term board meeting in November for member comment. Garrison, and K. Kepford. in Chicago, NALMS members took up Called Lakeside magazine, the publication a collection and purchased a $750 life included less scientific content and was 1991 membership for Laura E. Sefton, born intended to be of greater interest to lake Many years later, NALMS’ then- earlier that year to NALMS charter homeowners and managers. Although president Rick McVoy observed that member Donna Sefton. only one issue was printed, the style and 1991 “was the best of times . . . and it Garth Redfield, who had guided appearance influenced future LakeLine was the worst of times.” NALMS’ budget the NALMS journal from an edited issues. situation continued to worsen to the proceedings all the way to a peer- NALMS’ Lakes Standards point that JT&A could no longer provide reviewed journal, passed his journal editor Subcommittee, chaired by Steve Heiskary, administrative services, conference position on to Roger Bachmann of Iowa released Developing Eutrophication planning, and LakeLine publishing State University. Standards for Lakes and Reservoirs. for NALMS. Dan Canfield, Lorraine Minnesota and Georgia were added Duncan, Mark Hoyer, Vince Williams, as the newest NALMS chapters. NALMS 1993 and innumerable members of the Florida began offering a Directors and Officers Attendees of the 2nd Southeast Lakes Lake Management Society helped move Liability Insurance program for its Management Workshop who didn’t leave our office from Washington, D.C. to members that were affiliated with real a little early on Friday found themselves Alachua, Florida. Lynn Moore and estate-based homeowners associations. stranded until Monday or Tuesday of the

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 11 following week as the “snowstorm of the NALMS membership remained chapter petitions from Nebraska, New century” hit Chattanooga. stable at about 1,700, and our first Lake York, and Texas were approved, bringing NALMS’ financial stability continued Management Product & Services Guide the total number of chapters to 20. to improve during the tenure of President was released. Gene Welch. At the November board The annual symposium in Seattle was 1994 meeting, members approved a 1994 hosted by the Washington Lake Protection After considerable discussion, budget of $850,000 with a projected year- Association under the scrutinizing eyes the Board of Directors concluded that end cash balance of $144,000. Creating of Harry Gibbons and Jean Jacoby. NALMS’ long-term mission would be and filling an executive director position While not attending conference sessions best served with its headquarters located remained a priority for the Society, and and workshops, tours of Mt. St. Helens in the Upper Midwest. In spring, NALMS $63,000 was set aside in a special reserve and the Seattle Underground tour were moved the headquarters office from fund to support that position. highlights for conference attendees. Florida to Madison into space provided by Jim LaBounty stepped in as the Jim LaBounty received the Secchi Disk the University of Wisconsin. (unpaid) LakeLine editor beginning with Award. The NALMS board approved the the April 1993 issue, with Ginny Lee A special issue of LakeLine was Executive Director Search Committee’s serving as its publisher. The magazine’s released in September 1993: Volunteers recommendation, and on September 17 masthead changed slightly, and the word Accept the Challenge . . . Future of Our Charlie Gardner was hired as NALMS’ space in “Lake Line” was eliminated. Water Quality at Stake. With financial first executive director. Thanks to a special $600,000 support from U.S. EPA, 10,000 copies Dr. K’s Glossary of Limnological congressional appropriation, the “Midwest were printed and sent to lake associations Terms, Jargon, Acronyms and Concepts Clean Lakes Citizen Outreach” project that were members of NALMS’ chapters debuted in the April 1994 issue of was initiated in the EPA Region 5 states (but not NALMS) as well as other LakeLine. Arranged in alphabetical order, of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, non-NALMS members in the Midwest author Marty Kelly predicted at the time Ohio, and Wisconsin. Michigan State Outreach Project’s six states. that it would take 6.5 years of LakeLine’s University hosted Midwest Outreach The South Dakota Lakes and Streams quarterly issues to get from the first Coordinator Karen Vigmostad for Association was approved at the mid-term term (abiotic) all the way through the this two-year pilot project, which was meeting as NALMS’ 17th chapter. At alphabet to “zymogenous.” In the final overseen by grant manager Steve Colvin. the fall Board meeting, analysis, however, this column’s scope was expanded and it ran

Figure 4. The Lake Line masthead changed between 1992 and 1993 with LakeLine becoming one word in 1993 and back cover advertising requiring mailing label placement on the front cover.

12 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE continuously in LakeLine until its final posters. Even with no major sponsors, the management, Your Lake & You was an installment with the fall 2009 issue. conference was able to deliver a profit instant success, with tens of thousands of Frank Lapensee retired as chief of of over $80,000. Dan Canfield received copies printed in the years to come. the U.S. EPA’s Clean Lakes Program. a standing ovation at the annual banquet Under the watchful eyes of Bruce Frank was honored (roasted, actually) at upon receiving the Secchi Disk Award. Wilson, Steve Colvin, Steve Heiskary, the 7th Annual National Conference on The incredibly informative and Mark Tomasek, and others, the annual Enhancing the States’ Lake Management interesting “A Touch of Nature” column symposium in Minneapolis was the best Programs on May 4-6 in Chicago, with authored by Cindy Paszkowski at the attended to date (over 800) and one of Jay Sauber officiating the festivities. University of Alberta debuted in LakeLine the most profitable. Bruce beamed with Perhaps not coincidentally, 1994 was the with a focus on the diversity of bird life smiles when presented with the Secchi last year that the U.S. EPA’s Clean Lakes that lake habitats provide. Disk Award at the annual banquet. The Program was funded separately from silent auction netted an amazing $7,000, the Agency’s Nonpoint Source Program 1996 which was earmarked for next year’s (Section 319). Lisa Conley presided as president, Symposium Scholarship Fund. The annual symposium in Orlando with many NALMS members Recognizing the important role was a huge success. Airport security affectionately referring to her as that informed real estate agents can regulations weren’t strict back then, and NALMS’ first “layperson” president. have in promoting lake and watershed so NALMS members had no problem Lisa communicated to the NALMS stewardship, NALMS began development getting their Halloween costumes through membership that “building partnerships” of a Realtor Certification Program thanks airport security. Jay Sauber received the would be the priority for her presidential to financial support from the U.S. EPA. A Secchi Disk Award at the annual banquet. tenure. Realtors Summit was held in conjunction Chapter petitions from New Jersey NALMS’ annual individual with the annual symposium. and North Carolina were approved by the membership dues rose $10 to $35, the Jim LaBounty took over as editor NALMS board. first increase since 1991. The ranks of of the NALMS journal, after passing With a charge to provide NALMS Certified Lake Managers ballooned from the torch for LakeLine editorship to Jeff and its publications with an assessment 19 to 40. Thornton with the May 1996 issue. of scientific research in support of lake A special section of LakeLine In the May issue of LakeLine, Anne management, the Society’s Science was created for students, and greater Weinberg described U.S. EPA’s new Advisory Board was established and Ken prominence was given to student posters guidance for the states’ implementation Reckhow agreed to chair. and presentations at NALMS’ annual of nonpoint source pollution management The first Great American Secchi Dip- symposium and regional conferences. programs under section 319(h), including In took place over the July 4th weekend, The Midwest Clean Lakes Citizen a new section of guidance on eligible when more than 800 volunteers in six Outreach project concluded, and the “Lake Protection and Restoration Midwestern states collected and submitted project’s grassroots-oriented guide to lake Activities.” lake transparency data to project coordinator Bob Carlson at Kent State University. The “Lakes and Things…Educational Fun Pages . . . For Grades 4 and Up” column (compiled by Steve McComas) debuted in the May issue of LakeLine.

1995 NALMS Life Memberships continued to broaden, with 32 life members enrolled. Executive Director Charlie Gardner spent 140 days on the road during 1995, travelling to 20 states and two provinces. President Ken Reckhow presided over the annual symposium in Toronto, with over 700 in attendance (352 were from Canada). NALMS received great exposure to many new faces, since less than half of the attendees had been to a NALMS conference in the past five years. Over three days there were six opening plenary sessions, four short courses, 244 papers in six concurrent sessions, and 71 Figure 5. If you remember this NALMS commemorative plate – you are an “old-timer.”

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 13 Barb Timmel was promoted to registration. The perennial symposium Government Affairs Committee on NALMS’ full-time office manager. give-away, the NALMS coffee cup, got a the states’ participation in the federal Thanks to Jim Vennie, NALMS entered clever new twist with a Secchi disk image Nonpoint Source (section 319) and Clean cyberspace with the launching of our first printed on the bottom (on the inside of Lakes (section 314) programs. The survey Website. the cup). Jim Vennie received the Secchi queried how those programs’ funds had Successful NALMS regional Disk Award at a most unusual venue: been used to advance lake management conferences were held in the Southeast, standing ankle-deep in manure in a rodeo initiatives in each state. Many reported Northeast, Texas, and Portland, Oregon. ring together with incoming president Bill that the elimination of Clean Lakes The board approved the petition from Jones. program funding had created serious voids Colorado as the newest NALMS chapter. in their states’ lake-related activities, and Acknowledging how over the past 1998 that Nonpoint Source program funds were two years NALMS had tried to upsize NALMS was informed that it would not being sufficiently allocated to fill at a time when others were downsizing, need to vacate the (free) office space that those voids. rightsizing, and outsourcing, Lisa Conley had been provided by the University of As part of a U.S. EPA grant to announced the departure of Charlie Wisconsin, and so new space was leased NALMS, Dean Premo and Elizabeth Gardner as NALMS’ executive director. in a Madison-area office complex. Rogers from White Water Associates, NALMS made a major commitment Inc., conducted a workshop in northern 1997 to member services with the hiring of Wisconsin, “Promoting Healthy Chris Holdren took over as the Conference Coordinator Terry Thiessen. Waterfront Property” for 27 real estate Society’s president. Fortunately for Terry’s assistance provided significant professionals. NALMS (but not so much for Chris) he relief for a cadre of NALMS members NALMS published a significantly found himself unemployed soon into his that had been volunteering thousands of updated and expanded Lake Management presidential term – and so he was able to hours each year planning and executing Products and Services Guide. devote an incredible amount of time to NALMS’ annual symposium and regional Society affairs and travelling to chapter conferences. 1999 meetings. The NALMS board concluded that In his “President’s Address” column Thanks to creative thinking of Fran the 18-year-old Society was indeed of LakeLine, Tom Conry encouraged Smith and others, the concept of Lakes entering a new stage in its life. A NALMS members to remember that “our Appreciation Week was sparked, to be committee headed by Larry Butler worked efforts to inform people about lakes must held each July and coincide with the with the board to create a new NALMS be consistent, based on good science, and annual Secchi Dip-In. Seed money from logo – a design that still persists today. in recognition of peoples’ fascination with U.S. EPA later that year enabled the first Banff. Ah, Banff. For those attending and appreciation of lakes.” celebration to be held in 1998, made NALMS’ annual symposium at the Upon returning from the annual possible through the design and execution historic Banff Springs Hotel, there are symposium in Reno, at least a few of the talents of Bill Jones and his co-workers at innumerable fond memories. Symposium 600+ attendees probably found a casino Indiana University. chair Brian Kotak and his team of chip or two as they fumbled through their The NALMS Website grew in dedicated volunteers put on a truly first- pockets. And money was on the mind as popularity and received 21,000 hits per rate technical conference program – along NALMS members approved raising the month. Philip Forsberg, a stalwart in the with myriad opportunities to have fun general membership annual dues by $10 NALMS office, was hired on his birthday and experience what has been described (to $45). in May while still in school. He would as one of the most beautiful places on Providing entertainment during the move to full-time upon graduation in earth. Skipping the traditional sipping of Exhibitors’ Reception was the “Clean 1998. coffee during the between-session breaks, Lakes Experience,” a collection of In the “Fun Pages” column of some conference-goers stepped outside musically inclined NALMS members LakeLine, Steve McComas challenged for a quick snowball fight. President Bill including Mike Martin, Alex Horne, Steve students with the question, “What do Jones presided over the annual banquet, Souza, Sarah Clements, Alan Cibuzar, Maalox, pickle juice, and styptic pencils where Lisa Conley was presented with the Frank Browne, and Larry Butler. Later all have in common?” Steve’s column Secchi Disk Award. in the conference, Jim Flynn (who had explained how the chemical compound The Clean Water Action Plan was recently retired from Hydrolab), received aluminum sulfate is found in all three, unveiled by President Clinton and Vice NALMS’ highest honor to an individual, and stepped students through a classroom President Gore on February 19, 1998. The the Secchi Disk Award. experiment to see how alum can be used plan proposed over 100 specific actions In 1999’s final issue of LakeLine, to lower suspended solids and reduce that federal agencies and others would Robert McCauley’s regular column, “The algae growth in a sample of pond water. take to improve water quality protection Forensic Limnologist,” chronicled how The annual symposium in Houston and restoration. fish flesh samples were used to strip a was enjoyed by all those attending. The June 1998 issue of LakeLine “cheating angler” of an ill-gotten trophy NALMS began a policy to not include documented a detailed state-by- and prize winnings at a fishing tournament membership fees with annual symposium state survey conducted by NALMS’ on Bass Lake in Ontario.

14 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE Bill Monagle and the Personnel Committee created NALMS’ first personnel handbook and provided major updates and upgrades to NALMS’ insurance and retirement packages, staff evaluations, and staff contracts. Students in grades 1 through 8 from the United States and Canada submitted their entries for NALMS’ First Annual Lakes Appreciation Poster Contest. The winning entry was from 8th grader Kelsey McBride from Hollis/Brookline Jr. High School in Hollis, New Hampshire. In December 1999, the U.S. EPA issued final Supplemental Guidance for the Award of Section 319 Nonpoint Source Grants in FY2000. As explained by U.S. EPA’s Anne Weinberg in a LakeLine column, the guidance reinforced the eligibility of Clean Lakes activities under the Nonpoint Source (section 319) program including Lake Water Quality Assessments, as well as traditional Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 Clean Lakes Program projects. Figure 5. Kelsey McBride’s winning poster in the first annual Lakes Appreciation Poster Contest.

2000 With a smile on his face and and content quality. The winter issue of the Watershed Academy Web, an online infectious enthusiasm, Larry Butler LakeLine was entitled “Toxins in Lakes” free training Website. Over 40 modules ushered in the new millennium as and covered a wide range of contaminant were made available with a Watershed NALMS president. issues. U.S. EPA had recently highlighted Management online certificate program. Thanks in large part to the persistent the issue of lake toxins in the National LakeLine’s fall issue included an energies of Lisa Conley, Don Bonneau, Water Quality Inventory: 1998 Report update on nutrient criteria by George and many NALMS chapter members, to Congress. In the chapter on “Lakes, Gibson of the EPA. George explained the Congress reauthorized the Clean Lakes Reservoirs, and Ponds,” the second-most process that EPA used to develop regional Program. commonly reported pollutant listed was benchmarks and reference conditions Under the leadership of Tom mercury, just behind nutrients. throughout the United States. The Conry, in 1999 the Planning Committee Warm weather greeted NALMS technical guidance manual for lakes was had submitted to the board a plan to members as they converged on Miami for completed, and EPA was making progress reorganize NALMS’ governing and the annual symposium. Suffice it to say on a guidance manual for estuaries and leadership structure. This new structure that rough seas made for a “memorable” coastal marine waters and another for proposed a “governing board” model time on the Wednesday evening boat wetlands. for NALMS, including some rather cruise along the Miami oceanfront. Bill NALMS worked with the complex changes to how the Society Jones was presented with the Secchi Disk International Lakes Environment would operate. With the charge to further Award. Neil Kamman won the 20th Annual Committee (ILEC) to begin formulation refine the proposal, the board created the Clean Lakes Classic. of a World Lake Vision. Closer to home, Reorganization Task Force (RTF) and NALMS also partnered with the American Steve Souza agreed to serve as chair. 2001 Institute of Biological Sciences and the Other participants in the RTF included Steve Colvin took the helm of American Society of Limnology and members of the Planning Committee NALMS as its president. Advocacy for Oceanography to hire a national aquatic (chaired by Greg Searle and co-chaired public policy in support of lakes was legislative policy director. by Bob Johnson) as well as several Board advanced in Canada with the help of Due to the popularity of the Lake and members and Chapter representatives. Regional Directors Michelle Boshard and Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual, Early in the year, Jeff Thornton Gertrud Nürnberg. U.S. EPA contracted with NALMS to passed the reins of LakeLine editor on to Liquid Assets 2000 was published produce an update. Managing Lakes and Bill Jones. Cynthia Moorhead assisted by U.S. EPA, revealing that Americans Reservoirs was re-written by a number Bill by taking on the magazine’s graphic annually spent over $530 billion on water- of NALMS authors and produced under design and layout, and together they took based recreational activities that supported the guidance of technical editors, Chris LakeLine to new heights in both visual 6.8 million jobs. The EPA also opened Holdren, Bill Jones, and Judy Taggart.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 15 The annual symposium was held on forecasters to educate the public about The United Nations declared 2003 as the shores of Lake Mendota in Madison, nonpoint source pollution and its effect on the International Year of Freshwater and Wisconsin. Thanks to all the support lakes and watersheds. at NALMS’ request, EPA designated July from the Wisconsin Association of Lakes, Marty Kelly’s “Dr. K’s Glossary” 2003 as Clean Lakes Month. NALMS symposium attendance peaked with column in LakeLine wrapped up its eight- expanded Lake Appreciation Week to 824 delegates. Chris Holdren received year run describing limnological terms Lake Awareness Month, and “Clean Lakes the Secchi Disk Award. During the with the final term, “zoonoses.” Marty and You” was adopted as the slogan. symposium the first-ever NALMS Hockey challenged readers to identify the correct Celebrating its 10th anniversary in Tournament was held. The game was definition: (a) a collection of plaster 2003, the Great North American Secchi billed as Wisconsin versus “The World.” casts taken from animals at a zoo or (b) a Dip-In had expanded to all 50 states and The score is unknown, but it is believed disease that can be transmitted to a human eight provinces, with 1,375 waterbodies The World won. being from another animal. having five or more years of collected Prior to the symposium, the Planning NALMS highlighted the activities of data. Of these, 53 exhibited significant Committee and numerous past and present its southernmost members and lakes in decreases in transparency, while 62 Board members participated in a two-day a LakeLine issue focusing on Mexico’s showed significant increases. planning session at a local monastery. lakes, with Owen Lind serving as guest The section 319 Grant Reporting Several NALMS activities were editor. and Tracking System indicated that for prioritized as being particularly valuable federal fiscal year 2001, states used to its members, including dissemination 2003 approximately 5.4 percent of their section of scientific research, outreach and The annual symposium’s at the 319 funding for Clean Lakes-related education, advocacy, and organizational Foxwoods Resort in Mashantucket, projects. support for chapters. A funding plan Connecticut was a complete sell- EPA initiated “The National Study was proposed to support the hiring of an out with 42 commercial vendors, ten of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish executive director. NALMS chapters, and three nonprofit Tissue,” representing the first national After seven years of dedicated organizations. Jeff Schloss, NALMS’ fish monitoring effort that the agency had service, Barb Timmel retired as NALMS’ president, presided over the symposium’s undertaken in more than a decade. office manager. In October, Carol Winge annual banquet where Ken Wagner, joined the office staff as the new office arguably the hardest-working NALMS 2004 administrator. member ever, was presented with the Steve Heiskary assumed NALMS’ Secchi Disk Award (Jeff was considered presidency. He represented NALMS 2002 by many to be a strong contender for the on the U.S. Department of Interior’s The federal Clean Water Act hardest-working title, and he received the Advisory Committee on Water celebrated its 30th birthday. On October Secchi Disk Award a few years later). Information, and he accompanied Don 18, 1972 the federal Water Pollution During 2003, the Society Bonneau and other NALMS members to Control Act Amendments of 1972 (PL- strengthened commitments with Canadian the American Fisheries Society’s annual 92-500) were passed and later became chapters and explored the formation of meeting in Madison. known as the Clean Water Act (CWA) for a chapter in Mexico. The winter issue A grant from U.S. EPA’s Nonpoint simplicity. In recognition of this event, of LakeLine focused on Canada’s lakes. Source Branch was awarded to NALMS the U.S. EPA declared that 2003 would be Thanks to the hard work of past and and included support for the annual “The Year of Clean Water.” current editors, the Society’s Journal of symposium and LakeLine, funding for the President Steve Souza encouraged Lake and Reservoir Management was Secchi Dip-In and Lakes Appreciation those planning to attend the annual added to Current Contents. Month, and development of a training symposium in Anchorage to use NALMS’ NALMS advanced its advocacy for module for EPA’s Watershed Academy new online conference registration lakes and reservoirs by securing positions based on the popular “Managing Lakes system. Greg Searle was the recipient on the National Water Monitoring and Reservoirs” document. The Society of the Secchi Disk Award. NALMS Council and the Advisory Committee also received a significant grant from EPA certainly must have had an effect on the for Water Information, and continuing relating to remote sensing applications for Alaskan landscape: Just as symposium its collaborations with LakeNet and the lake assessment. delegates were departing Anchorage, a 7.9 ILEC. Steve Lundt coordinated the Rocky magnitude earthquake struck. U.S. EPA published the National Mountain regional NALMS meeting. Thanks to a public-private Water Quality Inventory: 2000 Report. Steve also helped initiate the NALMS partnership, meteorologists in Within the report, 46 states, Puerto Rico e-newsletter – it quickly became one Washington, D.C. were not just talking and the District of Columbia assessed of NALMS most popular membership about rain – they were also talking about lake water quality for 43 percent of the services and its publication frequency watersheds. The National Environmental nation’s lakes. Of the 17.3 million acres of soon went from quarterly to monthly. Education and Training Foundation lakes assessed, 45 percent were listed as In February 2004, the board adopted (NEETF) and the EPA partnered with having some form of pollution or habitat three policy statements based on a series organizations to use local TV weather impairment. of articles published in LakeLine’s

16 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE “Policies for Better Lakes” column by Dick Osgood: Personal Watercraft, The Use of Alum for Lake Management, and Climate Change Impact on Lakes. The board also approved a permanent timeframe and geographic rotation schedule for the annual symposia. The Certification Committee added the Certified Lake Professional (CLP) category, with Ann St. Amand recognized as the first CLP. Guest editor Anas Ghadouani examined “the lakes down under” as part of a LakeLine issue on Australia’s lakes. Flu shots in the United States were in short supply, and so some U.S. members of NALMS travelled north of the border in November to get their flu shot and attend the annual symposium in Victoria, British Columbia. NALMS bestowed the Secchi Disk Award to Steve Colvin.

2005 During the presidency of Gene Medley, two additional position statements were approved by the board: Watercraft Safety, and Aquatic Invasive Species. The board had previously directed that additional strategic planning and a “situation analysis” be conducted to further help identify NALMS’ unique niche and customer market for its products and services. The situation analysis was completed and the results were presented at the Board’s mid-term meeting. The analysis recommended a shift in the roles of the Society’s Board and its staff; it also concluded that the Chapter model was not working and so the replacement membership category “Affiliates” was developed. In an issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a neurotoxin (BMAA) was identified in water contaminated with Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). The neurotoxin had been linked to common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, and ALS. In response to much- publicized blue-green algae blooms and animal deaths – and at the suggestion

Figure 7. Three historic Canadian Pacific Railroad hotels served as NALMS symposium sites: (top) Banff Springs, Alberta (1998), (center) The Empress, British Columbia (2004), and (bottom) Chateau Lake Louise, Alberta (2008).

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 17 of Jack Jones – an ad hoc committee on In May, NALMS staff and volunteers Dick Osgood, author of the “Planning blue-green algal toxicity was created. A facilitated the National Water Quality for Better Lakes” column in each and track at the annual symposium in Madison Monitoring Conference in San Diego. every issue of LakeLine since December was dedicated to cyanobacteria, as were Discussions continued to move 1998, renamed his fall 2007 contribution issues of LakeLine and the Society’s forward on hiring an executive director. “Planning for Crappy Lakes.” In it he journal. The board had been instructed by the challenged readers that when it came The U.S. EPA updated the National membership to develop a financial plan to invasive species management, lake Pollution Discharge Elimination Permit to fund the position that would limit managers would need to “ . . . adopt an (NPDES) to include municipal stormwater the Society’s financial risk. Under the aggressive approach congruent with those discharges – Municipal Separate Storm leadership of NALMS president Michael of the enemy.” Sewer Systems (“MS4s”). Martin, a plan of action was developed The Outstanding Corporation Award Lake enthusiasts once again gathered by the Executive Committee, the was renamed the Jim Flynn Award in at the Monona Terrace in Madison for Development Committee and approved honor of Jim Flynn, a staunch supporter the annual symposium and NALMS’ 25th by the Board of Directors to hire an of NALMS since its inception. Jim, as a anniversary celebration. Nearly all of executive director in the near future. representative of Hydrolab Corporation, NALMS’ past presidents and many past The annual symposium was set was a past recipient of the Outstanding board members gathered to reminisce, as amidst the historic Union Station in Corporation Award and was the Society’s well as to help reinvigorate the Society Indianapolis, Indiana. The annual awards 1999 Secchi Disk Award recipient. At for the opportunities that lay ahead. The banquet was held at the Children’s the annual symposium at Walt Disney symposium theme, “Lake AEffects,” Museum of Indianapolis, during which World in Orlando, ENSR Corporation was was reflected throughout the program Ann St. Amand was presented with the presented with the first Jim Flynn Award. and reminded delegates that we not only Secchi Disk Award. Later in the evening, Tom Davenport was honored with the affect lakes, but they also have an effect delegates took a spin on the museum’s Secchi Disk Award for his life-long career on us. Jeff Schloss was bestowed with the old-fashioned merry-go-round. commitment to quality lakes. prestigious Secchi Disk Award. Carol Winge resigned as NALMS’ The “Hey Kids!” column in LakeLine business manager after five years of 2008 continued its regular appearance thanks dedicated service to the Society. Jim LaBounty, editor of NALMS’ to the ongoing support of the New journal, Lake and Reservoir Management, Hampshire Department of Environmental 2007 for over a decade, stepped down and Services’ Interactive Lake Ecology Ken Wagner took the reins of turned over the editor position to Ken curriculum. The summer 2005 installment NALMS president and charged forward; Wagner. A plan was developed to offer an encouraged LakeLines’ younger readers the rest of NALMS quickly concluded it electronic version of the journal through to think about how native shoreline would never be able to keep up – the best an agreement with its new publisher, vegetation can contribute to healthy we could hope for would be to keep him Taylor and Francis. As a benefit to all lakes. The winter 2005 issue of LakeLine in sight. professional members of NALMS, Taylor focused on the Madison Lakes and logged Having served as NALMS’ president and Francis provided them with electronic its most voluminous issue ever at 84 during 1999, Tom Conry was reelected access to another scientific journal free of pages. to the board as secretary; Tom is the first charge. Recognized as one of the world’s past president to serve an additional term The fall 2008 issue of LakeLine foremost aquatic ecologists, Professor on the board. addressed the generally undervalued Robert G. Wetzel passed away at the age Yves Prairie, chair of the local social aspects of lake management. of 69. organizing committee for the International The plenary session at the 2005 annual Association of Theoretical and Applied symposium at Madison had broached this 2006 Limnology (SIL) 2007 triennial congress topic and was the catalyst for this issue of The U.S. EPA launched the National in Montreal, encouraged NALMS LakeLine. Lakes Assessment, with the intent members to attend – and to pursue SIL’s Having survived through several to provide unbiased estimates of the and NALMS’ shared goal of advancing office staff changes, office moves, and condition of natural and man-made the science and management of inland board restructuring pursuits, Philip freshwater lakes, ponds, and reservoirs aquatic systems. Forsberg remained a stabilizing force greater than ten acres and at least one The Society continued to pursue in the NALMS office as the Society’s meter deep. Using a statistical survey the transition of the NALMS board to a Project Manager. Recognizing the critical design, lakes were selected at random governance board model. The hiring of importance of serving NALMS’ most to represent the condition of the larger an executive director to handle day-to- important customer – its members – under population of lakes across the lower day operations of the office was designed the leadership of President Dick Osgood 48 states. A total of 1,028 lakes were to facilitate that transition, and in fall the board approved hiring Sarah Unz as subsequently sampled during summer 2007 Susan Urbas was hired as executive Membership Services Coordinator. 2007, representing the condition of about director. Ever since the terrific 1998 annual 50,000 lakes nationwide. symposium in Banff, Al Sosiak had

18 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE yearned to bring NALMS back to Alberta Certification Program, the board conferred The U.S. EPA released the much- and to one of his favorite places on earth: the designation of “Certified Lake anticipated “National Lakes Assessment: Lake Louise. In November, Al’s dream Manager Emeritus” to Dennis Bokemeier. A Collaborative Survey of the Nation’s was realized as NALMS symposium The annual symposium was held in Lakes” in April. The document’s delegates were treated to an impressive Hartford, Connecticut, where NALMS executive summary reported that: technical program and unparalleled scenic returned to its New England roots with a ß Fifty-six percent of the nation’s lakes vistas from the hospitality suite. A dry eye river boat ride and clambake. A special were in good biological condition was hard to find during the annual awards two-day set of presentations was offered ß Of the stressors included in the ceremony as the Secchi Disk Award to Lake Stewards and was a great hit. Assessment, over one-third exhibited was presented to Tom Conry, and Jim Steve Heiskary was presented with the poor habitat condition LaBounty was bestowed with the Friends Secchi Disk Award. ß About 20 percent of lakes in the U.S. of NALMS award. Due to the Society’s pressing had high levels of phosphorus or financial constraints, the executive nitrogen and high nutrient levels were 2009 director position was suspended and the second biggest problem in lakes The board voted to rename the Susan Urbas was laid off. ß Mercury concentrations in game fish “Technical Merit Award for Best Paper” U.S. EPA launched its “Healthy exceeded health based limits in about as the “James LaBounty Award for Best Watersheds” initiative to emphasize half of lakes Published Paper in Lake and Reservoir protection and conservation of aquatic ß Microcystin (a toxin that can harm Management” (or simply “The LaBounty ecosystems. humans, pets, and wildlife) was found Award”) in memory of Jim LaBounty, to be present in about one-third of lakes 2010 who had passed away the previous ß Over 36 percent of the nation’s December. President Mark Hoyer forged a lakes were mesotrophic, based on After 22 consecutive years, the partnership with the recently formed chlorophyll-a concentrations NALMS Board held its last mid- Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership, and ß When compared to a subset of term Board meeting in Chicago in a full track on lake fisheries management wastewater-impacted lakes sampled 35 nd conjunction with the 22 Annual National and research was scheduled for the annual years ago, trophic status improved in Conference on Enhancing the States’ Lake symposium in Oklahoma City. Mark also 26 percent and remained stable in 51 Management Programs. re-energized NALMS’ communications percent of those lakes Under President Harry Gibbons’ and partnerships with the American leadership, a position statement on toxic Fisheries Society and the Aquatic Plant Bob Kirschner is cyanobacterial blooms was approved by Management Society. the Chicago Botanic the board and published in the summer Thanks to the extraordinary work Garden’s Curator LakeLine issue dedicated to algal toxins. of NALMS’ conference coordinator Jeff of Aquatic Plant & Jennifer Graham, Jean Jacoby, and Ann Schloss together with the office staff and Urban Lake Studies, St. Amand encouraged NALMS members NALMS members, the Society facilitated and its Director of interested in cyanobacteria to contribute (with rave reviews) the National Water Restoration Ecology. to NALMS’ new Blue-Green Initiative Quality Monitoring Conference in Denver. He oversees the Webpage. The revenue generated from facilitating Garden’s research and An educational grant from BoatUS this conference represented a significant adaptive management programs relating to was awarded to NALMS for the stabilizing factor for NALMS’ finances. freshwater ecology. He has a special interest completion of a series of four baseball- To increase participation by students, in the use of native plants to help stabilize sized cards that highlight various invasive a Students Council was created. A bylaws erosive lake shorelines and enhance aquatic species threatening lakes and reservoirs. change was scheduled for ratification habitat. He can be reached at bkirschn@ 30,000 copies of each card were printed at the annual membership meeting in chicagobotanic.org. with the main distribution taking place Oklahoma City that would change one though the Affiliate members. of the board’s at-large director positions David Rosenthal is As part of the reorganization of the to a Students Council position. Members the Reservoir Manager board, the bylaws were changed to add of the Students Council took steps to for the City of Norfolk, two at-large directors. The intent of these raise additional funds for the Student Virginia, overseeing the two additional positions was to recruit Travel Grant fund by contacting each of city’s nine reservoirs, board members from outside NALMS’ the symposium exhibitors and sponsors six dams, and over 200 traditional lake management skill sets, about donating products to the annual miles of shoreline. He is and to attract leaders that were not only symposium’s silent auction. a NALMS Certified Lake dedicated to protecting lakes, but could Two new columns were scheduled Manager and is the offer expertise in marketing, fundraising, for upcoming issues of LakeLine: the Chair of the NALMS Professional Certification and financial planning. “Students Corner” and “Worldviews.” Committee. David can be reached at david. In honor of his hard work and “Worldviews” would initially alternate [email protected]. x dedication in advancing NALMS’ between Canada and Mexico.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 19 NALMS at 30

Why NALMS?

Daniel E. Canfield Jr.

Perspectives From Your Life Members and the pig to your breakfast eggs and With special thanks to Virginia Garrison (Past Director), Richard McVoy (Past bacon. The chicken is involved, but the President), and Kenneth Wagner (Past President) pig is committed. All of us joined NALMS and stayed with NALMS because the riends, it’s about the PEOPLE! us, the meeting is the practical alternative organization had a bevy of committed and Thirty years was such a long to work and it is all done on someone talented people. time, but it was also a short else’s dime! So, it is the PEOPLE that make Ftime. During those years, many NALMS, however, was formed to NALMS! of NALMS’ Life Members participated bring individuals together from all walks in the organization during its highs and of life (e.g., academia, business, lake What is NALMS? during its lows. So, when President Hoyer users, and federal/provincial/state/local What NALMS is all about is a asked me to pen an article providing the governments) to help protect and manage question that members and nonmembers reflections as a life member, I are frequently heard to ask. agreed with the thought that I “Lifers” represent a diverse NALMS is populated with good, could provide some historical hardworking people who are perspective on NALMS’ 30th group of individuals that reflects committed to forming an extensive anniversary. network dedicated to the protection But I am just one of the overall diversity found in the and management of lakes. The NALMS’ 35+ Life Members, camaraderie in NALMS is great so I reached out to my fellow NALMS membership. and being with fellow NALMS’ “Lifers” to get their thoughts members has always provided on the organization. The the “shot in the arm” needed to Lifers represent a diverse lakes and reservoirs (actually all aquatic keep going during tough times, whether group of individuals that reflects the resources). NALMS was formed as an organizational or personal. overall diversity found in the NALMS egalitarian organization where everyone Yet, there has been and continues membership. As expected, there were could participate and interact. While to be a debate regarding what NALMS many different reflections on the last 30 some people question the success of an should be when it grows up. Should years, but there were some commonalities organization, Lifers conclude NALMS NALMS remain a loose coalition of that I believe will interest the general has been and will be successful because of members with the organization run membership and hopefully serve NALMS the PEOPLE! by volunteers or should it become well over the next 30 years. Lifers recognize that the a professional organization like the “connections” developed by associating American Society of Limnology and Why NALMS? with NALMS has helped us to become Oceanography or the American Fisheries Lifers recognize that individuals successful in our careers. Over the years, Society having a strong executive director interested in NALMS get to vote on these “connections” have helped us all and staff? How NALMS proceeds in the their membership each year when better protect and manage lakes. The future is unknown, but the thoughts of they must send in membership dues. “connections” have helped NALMS Lifers Ginny Garrison and Ken Wagner Reasons for being a member of NALMS members maintain our idealistic energy need great consideration. are diverse, ranging from wanting to for lake protection and management, Ginny was hunting turkeys when protect lakes, wanting to attend meetings even during the dark times. Our long- she decided to become philosophical where a presentation can be made, to time member, Jim Flynn of HydroLab and had her thoughts turned to NALMS wanting information on lake/reservoir Corporation, has an extreme enthusiasm (perhaps appropriately that she was management. For some individuals, it is for NALMS and its members. His combining turkeys and NALMS together). a chance to travel to a unique city for the enthusiasm was expressed by his joke Ginny explained that NALMS is really annual symposium. To the cynical among describing the relationships of the chicken like an ecosystem; a system formed

20 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE by the interaction of a community of many present-day members, but Lifers with the public. If NALMS gives citizens organisms (The People) with their know the reason after 30 years. the tools to protect and manage lakes, they physical environment. In the case of Lakes have no regulatory champion, will make sure actions are taken at the NALMS, the system is formed by the no “hook” to make people clean them local level to protect MY LAKE. interaction of a community of diverse up or protect them under existing law in But, before this can take place, it members with a common goal of lake most places (e.g., the Clean Water Act must be recognized that there is now management and protection. Just as or Safe Drinking Water Act). Laws and a large and growing void in aquatic in a natural ecosystem, the health and regulations govern many things that relate education at our major universities. success of NALMS depends on its species to lakes, but the most threatening factors Limnology, the study of the physical, diversity. There are other national and are almost ignored in the regulatory chemical, and biological features of international organizations that focus community (e.g., invasive species, inland waters, is no longer a focus at most on some aspects of lakes, but NALMS agricultural non-point source inputs, major universities. Certainly, the applied is the only organization with a diverse internal recycling). With no means to aspects of limnology that are so crucial membership that includes all aspects force action, there is little real impetus to lake protection and management are of lake management and protection – for a professional society. The drive must not being taught on a consistent basis. lakeshore residents and lake users, local come from passion for the resource, a This is a gap in the educational system lake organizations and lake that NALMS can help fulfill leaders, government officials If the NALMS membership wants to by helping train the next at all levels, professional lake generation of educators. You managers, consultants, lake- be relevant to the public and the say what? NALMS can do this related businesses, researchers, by focusing on what is needed students, educators, and rare resources all of us seek to better to attract a greater number of species that don’t fall into any of students. these categories. These “species” and maintain, NALMS has to do a How can NALMS and it each interact among themselves, members attract more students, as well as interacting with the better job of reaching out. while maintaining the NALMS’ other species. How well the mission of forging partnerships NALMS ecosystem functions among citizens, scientists, and depends on how successfully the species desire to make it better or protect it, and professionals to foster the management interact. The interactions within the this is not necessarily a professional and protection of lakes and reservoirs for NALMS ecosystem primarily take the attribute. today and tomorrow? For many young form of communication: LakeLine, Lake In the words of Representative people, reading rots the mind and they and Reservoir Management, NALMS Tip O’Neill (D-Mass) “all politics are wish to have instantaneous feedback. Notes, Lakes-L, regional and international local.” NALMS was formed with a For us older people, time is short and we conferences, and various publications multi-disciplinary mindset and quickly do not want to read tomes. As expressed and electronic communications. For developed a diverse membership by Ginny and Ken, the new world is NALMS to achieve its mission of including nonprofessionals. NALMS electronic communication media. forging partnerships among citizens, enlisted anyone with an interest and found Think about what first drew your scientists, and professionals to foster the ways for them to participate; NALMS attention to water and lakes. It was management and protection of lakes and needs a strong return to this approach, curiosity about “something” you saw reservoirs for today and tomorrow, it must using newer tools like the Internet and at your favorite water. In 1916, James maintain the two most critical components e-mail to keep a tight and current linkage. Needham and J.T. Lloyd wrote an of its ecosystem – species diversity and The local political issue is MY LAKE! elementary textbook on freshwater effective species interaction. So, NALMS is not broke in the view biology titled The Life of Inland Waters to Ken Wagner recognizes that NALMS of Lifers – but it needs a focus that can help students understand the water world can go on for quite awhile as a small reignite membership passion. around them. It caught people’s interest group with passionate interests, but if the and the disciple of limnology began to NALMS membership wants to be relevant The Future grow. There are many well-understood to the public and the resources all of us Predicting the future is always limnological topics such as thermal seek to better and maintain, NALMS has dangerous and rarely accurate, so all the stratification, depth of wave mixing, to do a better job of reaching out. As Ken NALMS members really need to know is or the formation of muck where the notes, NALMS’ members need to step up that Lifers – like the pig in Jim Flynn’s professionals no longer think about the and volunteer time to run this organization joke – are committed to NALMS. Perhaps topic because it is common knowledge. and encourage volunteer activism for the one area where agreement can be Well, it’s not common knowledge for lakes amongst all other members. Shifting reached quickly is the recognition that many students or the general public. to a “pure” professional membership will NALMS needs products (i.e., educational Through its diverse membership not help NALMS. The reason for this materials) to encourage a growth in NALMS is now positioned to bring position may not be well understood by NALMS membership and interactions the “well-known” but “forgotten

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 21 information” to an information-thirsty scientists, and professionals to foster the founder and director public (especially students). NALMS the management and protection of lakes of Florida LAKEWATCH. should consider making the first electronic and reservoirs. It certainly would not Dr. Canfield has served limnology “text book” and The Life of be long before the general public would as president of the Inland Waters could become the outline realize that by “Googling” NALMS, North American Lake for the material to be included. Nearly all basic limnological information could be Management Society of us can now make short, but interesting obtained that would help them resolve (NALMS), and he is a Powerpoint presentations. NALMS problems at MY LAKE. recipient of its prestigious members should compile short (20 The “Fireside Chats” would establish Secchi Disk Award. x minute) Powerpoint presentations on basic NALMS as the organization to join. limnology and lake management and use NALMS could also assist debates of new Webinar technology to reach out to controversial subjects by providing the public. These Webinar sessions would Webinars that present the pros and cons of be like members having “Fireside Chats” lake issues. This educational initiative is with the public. also the type of effort where all NALMS Please take a moment to ensure If NALMS were to develop a series members could participate. Then the NALMS has your correct email of “Fireside Chats” on lakes and place members, who are not yet Lifers, shall them on an enhanced NALMS Website, become the pig in Jim Flynn’s joke and and mailing address. the Society would have the “product” become truly committed to NALMS over Log into the member-only area of everyone claims they want NALMS the next 30 years. to have. Our future aquatic educators www.nalms.org would come to NALMS for fundamental Dan Canfield is past president of to view the information information. With the creation of an NALMS and a professor of limnology in electronic The Life of Inland Waters and the University of Florida’s Department we currently have on file. through the use of the Internet, NALMS of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. He Send any corrections to would reach a greater audience and be joined the UF faculty in 1979 and began true to the Society’s core mission of his research program by studying the [email protected]. forging partnerships among citizens, regional limnology of Florida lakes. He is

22 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE NALMS at 30

EPA Reflections on Lakes for NALMS@30

Anne Weinberg and Thomas Davenport

ALMS has played a key To develop the Clean Lakes Program determine the causes of pollution role over the last 30 years concept, EPA provided $35 million in in a specific lake, evaluate potential in fostering partnerships research and development grants from controls, and recommend the most Namong citizens, scientists, 1975 to 1979 to advance the science feasible and cost-effective restoration and government agencies to improve the of lake restoration and demonstrate methods. Federal grants were awarded management and protection of lakes and the effectiveness of several types of to a state/tribe for up to 70 percent reservoirs. EPA has worked in partnership lake treatments. This effort generated of the study costs to a maximum of with NALMS on many collaborative a wealth of scientific and technical $100,000 per study. Many of these projects over the years regarding lakes information about lake restoration and Phase I studies provided the technical management including, for example, management techniques. These research basis for total maximum daily loads support for several iterations of the Lake and demonstration projects successfully (TMDLs) that were subsequently done and Reservoir Restoration Guidance documented that lakes could be cost- by states under the CWA Section 303(d) Manual and related manuals on lakes effectively restored. program or for implementation that was fisheries management and monitoring, Several key lessons were learned in funded under the CWA Section 319 or annual symposia, the Secchi Dip-In, these early efforts: other programs. LakeLine magazine, and other outreach 1. The long-term effectiveness of lake 3. Phase II – Restoration and Protection th efforts. On the occasion of NALMS’ 30 clean-up efforts hinge on controlling Implementation Projects: These anniversary, please join us to reflect on pollution within the watershed. projects supported implementation some EPA lakes-related work over the of Phase I recommendations. These past 30 years. 2. State lake programs, as well as local communities, need to be involved. projects required the active participation of the local community. Although there The 1980s – 3. Local support and involvement are was no set limit to the federal funds The Clean Lakes Program critical for success – hence, there is a available for a Phase II project, each In 1980, when NALMS was formed, need for matching non-federal funds project required a non-federal match of there were many lakes activities driven to show commitment and promote 50 percent of total costs. in large part by funding from the Clean ownership. Water Act (CWA) Section 314 Clean 4. Phase III – Post-Restoration 4. Good science is needed to drive Lakes Program. The Section 314 Clean Monitoring Studies (created in decisionmaking. Lakes Program was established in 1972 1987): These Phase III studies were under the Federal Water Pollution Control Responding to these lessons, EPA designed to advance the science of lake Act (FWPCA) and initially funded in promulgated Clean Lakes Program restoration through post-restoration 1976. The final year of Clean Lakes regulations in 1980 (40 CFR Part 35, monitoring and evaluation monitoring, Program funding was in 1995; a total of Subpart H). The 1980 regulations set up a and evaluation of completed Phase II $145 million of Section 314 funds was three-part program. Four types of grants projects. Each monitoring study could awarded by Congress over a 20-year were awarded under this program to states qualify for a maximum $125,000 and period. This voluntary program helped and tribes: required a 30-percent non-federal match. states, tribes, and local communities 1. Lake Classification Survey/Water manage their lake resources with financial Quality Assessments: These grants The majority of the Clean Lakes and technical assistance. Section 314 were used to assess the water quality of Program funding was awarded to support encouraged states and tribes to develop lakes across a state or reservation. Phase II implementation projects that programs to restore and manage publicly included a combination of in-lake 2. Phase I – Diagnostic/Feasibility owned lakes. The majority of Section 314 techniques and watershed management Studies: Once the lake assessment funds went to implementation of projects activities. The Program successfully report was approved, the state/tribe to help locals restore their lakes. supported the restoration a number of could apply for a Phase I grant to lakes across the country.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 23 The Clean Lakes Program was a nontechnical conference to share have periodically queried the Nonpoint dynamic program and evolved over time valuable lessons and network on Source Grants Reporting and Tracking based upon legislation and the Program’s lake management issues. With EPA System (GRTS) to see if states are using accomplishments. The Program passed leadership and funding, and Robert 319 funds for lakes-related work. A recent through three key phases: Kirschner’s hard work and dedication, query of GRTS shows that for FY 2009, • 1975-1979: Evaluation/classification the state lakes conference was held an estimated 5.0 percent of 319 funds are of lake water quality conditions and annually from 1988 through 2009. being used to fund lakes-related projects. research and development of restoration 5. The 1987 amendments to the CWA EPA publishes examples of nonpoint techniques. created the National Nonpoint Source source success stories at www.epa.gov/ owow/nps/Success319/. To date, 182 • 1980-1987: In 1980, the Clean Lakes Management Program. The integration of in-lake management under Section success stories have been posted on this Program regulations were published Website. Many of the success stories on and funding was provided to states 314 with watershed management through the newly created Section 319 the Website include projects involving and tribes to support lake classification lakes, including, for example: studies, diagnostic/feasibility studies was a key concept to address lake water and restoration efforts. Partnership with quality problems. • Wisconsin’s Bass Lake was removed NALMS began in 1980. from the state’s list of impaired waters The 1990s – The Nonpoint Source after animal waste management • 1988-1995: The 1987 amendments Program Funds Lakes Projects practices were installed and nutrient to the CWA expanded the program As noted above, the 1987 loads were reduced. to support comprehensive state and Amendments to the CWA created the tribal lakes water quality programs; • Kansas’ Banner Creek reservoir Section 319 Nonpoint Source Program. was added to the state’s 2002 list of enhancing capabilities to preserve, Since 1990, EPA has been providing restore, and maintain lake water impaired waters due to excess nutrients financial support to states and tribes from agricultural and urban sources. quality; and fostering greater citizen through Section 319 grants to implement involvement. Education and information efforts their nonpoint source management and cost share incentives were used The two most important years in the programs. EPA has encouraged states to promote management practices to history of the Clean Lakes Program are and tribes to use Section 319 funds to reduce loading of bacteria, nutrients, 1980 and 1987. In 1980, the program was support the Clean Lakes work previously and sediment. Subsequent monitoring established by regulations and NALMS funded under the Section 314 Clean Lakes in 2003 and 2007 indicated that was formed. NALMS has worked Program. In 1996, EPA issued guidance as phosphorus and chlorophyll in the closely with EPA for 30 years to promote well as a set of “Questions and Answers lake had declined to acceptable levels, better understanding for the protection, on the Relationship Between the Sec. 319 allowing the state to remove the lake restoration, and management of lakes and Nonpoint Source Program and the Sec. from Kansas’ 2008 list of impaired their watershed. The 1987 Amendments 314 Clean Lakes Program” (see www. waters. to the Clean Water Act required EPA to epa.gov/owow/nps/Section319/qa.html) expand its role in lake management. that encouraged states to use Section 319 21st Century – Lakes Surveys The 1987 amendments had a funding for eligible activities that might In addition to awarding grants to tremendous impact on managing lakes in have been funded in previous years under support lakes work, in the first decade the United States: Section 314 of the CWA. The guidance of the 21st century EPA has conducted and Q and As emphasized that Phase 1. Forty states and tribes updated or two major surveys of the nation’s lakes: I, II, and III projects, and lake water established their lake classification the National Lakes Assessment and the quality assessments that were previously systems; National Study of Chemical Residues in funded under the Section 314 Clean Lake Fish Tissue. 2. The Phase III Award Program was Lakes Program are eligible for funding as created to increase our knowledge base; Section 319 grants. National Lakes Assessment 3. There was a greater emphasis on The latest Section 319 grant guidance The National Lakes Assessment technical assistance to state and tribal issued in 2003 reiterated this policy (see (NLA), completed in April 2010, is the lake managers to help them manage www.epa.gov/owow/nps/cwact.html) and first-ever baseline study of the condition their lake resource as a program rather refers to a recommendation by the Senate of the nation’s lakes. This study is one of than on a project-by-project basis. Appropriations Committee that suggested a series of surveys of the nation’s aquatic EPA, working with NALMs and other that “each state use at least 5 percent of its resources being conducted by EPA and organizations such as Terrene Institute Section 319 funds for Clean Lakes its state and tribal partners (see www.epa. updated the Lakes and Reservoirs activities to address the restoration and gov/aquaticsurveys for information on all Guidance Manual and several technical protection needs of priority lakes, ponds the surveys). supplements on subjects such as and reservoirs.” The guidance calls for The NLA provides unbiased monitoring and fisheries management. states to give priority to funding Phase I, estimates of the condition of natural and II, and III projects, as well as lake water man-made freshwater lakes, ponds, and 4. EPA reached out to state and tribal quality assessments. Over the years, we lake managers through a largely reservoirs greater than ten acres and at

24 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE least one meter deep. Using a statistical survey design, lakes were selected at random to represent the condition of the larger population of lakes across the lower 48 states. A total of 1,028 lakes were sampled for the NLA during summer 2007, representing the condition of about 50,000 lakes nationwide. The Great Lakes and Great Salt Lake were not included in the survey. Field crews collected samples using the same methods at all lakes to ensure that results can be compared across the country. Researchers processed and analyzed 680,000 measurements, including indicators of water quality such as nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and algal density; biological indicators such as phytoplankton and zooplankton (algae and microscopic animals); recreational indicators such as algal toxins and pathogens; and physical habitat indicators such as lakeshore and shallow water habitat cover. In addition to providing baseline information on the condition of U.S. lakes, a key goal of the NLA is to enhance the states’ capability to monitor and assess their lake resources. During the 2007 Figure 1. Biological condition of the nation’s lakes. field season, nine states conducted state- scale statistical surveys of their lakes, adhering to the national NLA field and lab protocols.

What are the Key Findings of the NLA? The NLA finds that 56 percent of the nation’s lakes support healthy biological communities when compared to least disturbed sites (Figure1). Another 21 percent of lakes are in fair condition, and 22 percent are in poor biological condition. This rating is based on an index of phytoplankton and zooplankton taxa loss – the percentage of taxa observed compared to those that are expected, based on conditions at least-disturbed lakes. The survey measured a set of key stressors to lake condition to determine their extent across the nation. Analysts also examined the relationship between these stressors and lake biological health, much as medical researchers examine the relationship between cholesterol and heart health. Poor habitat conditions along the lakeshore and high levels of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus are the most Figure 2. Relative extent of stressors and increased likelihood of degraded biology when stressor significant stressors of those assessed in marked poor. the survey (Figure 2). These stressors

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 25 increase the likelihood (i.e., relative risk) samples were collected over a four-year Happy 30th birthday – and we of degraded biological condition. period (2000-2003) from 500 randomly look forward to continuing to work in • Lakeshore habitat is rated poor in 36 selected lakes. partnership with NALMS, states, tribes, percent of lakes. Poor biological health The study titled The National Study and others in the lakes community to is three times more likely in lakes with of Chemical Residues in Lake Fish Tissue, protect and restore our lakes. poor lakeshore habitat relative to lakes shows that mercury, PCBs, dioxins and with good habitat. furans, and DDT are widely distributed in lakes and reservoirs across the country. Anne Weinberg is the Communications • The nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus Mercury and PCBs were detected in all Coordinator for the Assessment and are at high levels in about 20 percent fish samples. The study also shows that Watershed Protection Division at U.S. EPA of lakes. Poor biological health is 2.5 mercury concentrations in game fish headquarters and has worked on lakes times more likely in lakes with high exceed health-based limits in 49 percent issues for many years. nutrient levels. of lakes and polychlorinated biphenyls The full results from this study can be (PCBs) are found at potential levels of Tom Davenport is U.S. EPA’s national found at: www.epa.gov/lakessurvey. concern in 17 percent of lakes. expert on nonpoint source pollution and NALMS has had an important role The full results from this study can be works in the EPA Region V in Chicago. x in helping EPA with the NLA. Numerous found at: www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish/ NALMS meetings provided a forum to study/. discuss the design, analysis of data, and preliminary results. Several NALMS Conclusion Did you know? members peer-reviewed the final NLA EPA is pleased to reflect on some report. of our key lakes activities over the past There are 6 people named EPA and its state and tribal partners 30 years. We congratulate NALMS@30 are starting to plan the next National for its many contributions to fostering NALMS on Facebook – 3 with Lake Assessment. Issues for discussion partnerships among citizens, scientists a first name of Nalms and 3 include the survey’s design, methods, and government agencies to improve the equipment, and analytical procedures. management and protection of lakes and with a last name of Nalms. We will consider not only how alternate reservoirs. approaches will improve future data, but also how we can ensure comparability to the initial baseline findings. Field sampling for this survey will be in 2012. Stay tuned for more information on this next survey. EPA has also recently initiated an outreach campaign to promote lake shoreline protection and restoration based on the findings of the NLA that this is a key stressor affecting lakes. EPA kicked off this outreach effort by hosting a Watershed Academy Webcast in July 2010 on “Healthy Lakeshores Through Better Shoreline Stewardship.” An archived version of this Webcast is posted at www. epa.gov/watershedwebcasts. EPA is working on some other outreach efforts related to lake shoreline protection, and of course, we will continue to build on NALMS’ existing outreach efforts such as Lakes Appreciation Month and the Secchi Dip- In.

National Fish Tissue Study EPA’s Office of Science and Technology also conducted another parallel lakes survey focused on contaminants in lake fish tissue. Fish

26 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE NALMS at 30

Just How Far Have We Come?

Kent Thornton and Steve Heiskary

After 30 Years of Lake Science, Where Are We? uppose Rip Van Winkle had been the first NALMS president in 1980, fell asleep right after Shis term was finished, woke up today, looked out at his lake, and asked, “What have we learned about lakes over the past 30 years?” One adage says that, with today’s technology, our knowledge becomes outdated every six months. Another adage says each generation must rediscover the truths known by previous generations. So, did Mr. Van Winkle experience a 60-fold increase in scientific insight about his lake, or did he simply rediscover the scientific facts we knew when NALMS was founded 30 years ago? Let’s try and answer his question by looking at the past 30 years of lake science from three perspectives: (1) what have we learned about lakes using lake eutrophication as the topic of interest; (2) what new methods and technologies have been developed for lake restoration and management; and (3) how have we transferred this information to the public on the importance and value of lakes Figure 1. Algae scums typifying the eutrophication issue. MPCA staff photo. to their quality of life? Throughout this article, “lakes” refers to both lakes and reservoirs. refer extensively to Schindler in this these problems. The Great Lakes were section, the reader is encouraged to look considered to be dead or dying because Lake Eutrophication at the reference list in the Schindler of eutrophication. In the late 1970s, a A major issue associated with article to see the numerous researchers ban on TP in detergents was proposed lakes 30 years ago was eutrophication who have contributed these advances]. and implemented by some states. All the – over-enrichment by nutrients and the The controversy over which nutrient – Great Lakes states agreed to institute attendant effects of this enrichment, C, N, or P – was contributing to these point source controls to reduce TP loading such as algae scums, fish kills, aquatic problems was resolved. Phosphorus (TP) to the Great Lakes. Phosphorus limits on weeds, and taste and odor problems was the primary cause of eutrophication the discharge from wastewater treatment (Figure 1). David Schindler recently (Figure 2). Point sources (i.e., municipal facilities in the Great Lakes watersheds published an excellent review of advances and industrial wastewater discharges of became more common in 1980s-1990s. in our understanding of eutrophication nutrients into our streams and rivers) Because of recent technological advances (Schindler 2006) that provides insight flowing into our lakes were considered in removing TP from wastewater effluent, into the first question [note – while we to be the primary source of TP causing some effluents that previously had 6-8

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 27 loading from TP that had accumulated an interdisciplinary approach. NALMS in lake sediments. Clearly, TP loadings has contributed to this realization by to lakes must be reduced to reduce or facilitating the interaction of physicists, eliminate eutrophication, but the response chemists, biologists, ecologists, engineers, of the lake to these external reductions sociologists, economists, and other can be delayed because of recycling and disciplines to better understand, and internal loading of TP from the sediments. ultimately, better manage lakes. More will In addition, lakes can exist in several, be said about the role of socioeconomics alternative dynamic states (Figure 3; in addition to the natural sciences later. Schindler 2006). Lakes are not simply beakers in which chemical reactions occur Lake Restoration and Management that drive the response of the system. In the 1970s and ’80s, the Clean Lake biology, interactions among algae, Lakes Program in the U.S., funded by the zooplankton, benthic macroinvertbrate, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and fish species, play an integral role in through Section 314 of the Clean Water the response of the lake to TP inputs, and Act, was a major impetus in developing its state or condition. and implementing lake restoration and Lakes are ecosystems and the internal management practices. The evolution system interactions are as important as the of lake restoration and management can external loadings to the ecosystem. Better be tracked through the three editions understanding of lake system dynamics of Restoration and Management of and the lake-watershed relationships over Lakes and Reservoirs, from the first the past 30 years have helped reveal that edition in 1985 (Cooke et al. 1985) to not all lakes will return to their historical the third edition in 2005 (Cooke et al. Figure 2. ELA whole lake experiment on Lake condition before nutrient over-enrichment 2005), and through the three guidance 226 in August 1973 showing the effects of TP occurred and that watershed and lake documents NALMS has prepared, from addition on one side of the curtain, but not on protection practices are as important, if the first edition of the Lake and Reservoir the other. not more important, than lake restoration Restoration Guidance Manual (Moore practices. and Thornton 1988) to the third edition of mg P/L in the discharge now have TP To understand lakes, and to manage Managing Lakes and Reservoirs (Holdren limits of 0.1 mg TP/L, over a 50-fold lakes, requires multiple disciplines and et al. 2001). decrease. As Schindler notes (2006), this was one of the first instances of linking changes in the watersheds of lakes to the eutrophication problem. Although point source control of TP reduced nutrient loading in some lakes, eutrophication hasn’t gone away. It’s still a major lake problem 30 years later. Two factors have emerged over the past 30 years. First, as point source controls on TP were implemented, it became apparent that other sources of TP, nonpoint sources such as agricultural and urban runoff, were also major contributors to lake eutrophication. Watershed management practices to reduce nonpoint sources of TP would be needed in addition to point source controls if eutrophication were to be reduced. To the paradigm of P being the limiting nutrient for controlling lake eutrophication was added the paradigm that a lake and its watershed are inexorably linked – what happens in the watershed affects what happens in the lake (Schindler 2006). The second factor contributing to Figure 3. Shift in lake condition from algae scums to aquatic weeds when algal control practices continued lake eutrophication was internal increased light availability in the water column. MPCA staff photo.

28 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE The endpoints for lake restoration and management practices in the 1980s and 1990s were primarily algae and aquatic weed control. Much of the early work in lake restoration and management was conducted through the Section 314 Clean Lakes Program. The Clean Lakes Program funded Phase I diagnostic/feasibility studies for diagnosing the source of lake problems and assessing the feasibility of various restoration and management practices to eliminate the problem, Phase II implementation projects to implement management and restoration practices to correct the problem, and Phase III grants to monitor lakes after implementation to document the effectiveness of these practices and make mid-course corrections if needed. Figure 4. Alum treatment at Lake Shakamak, Indiana. Bill Jones photo. During the 1990s, with the recognition of the importance of shallow lakes, in part, because of re- in Region V, Minnesota promulgated watershed sources, loads, and land use suspension and continual removal of P ecoregion-based lake eutrophication activities in controlling lake problems, from the water column. standards in 2008 (Heiskary and Wilson the Clean Lakes Program was subsumed Managing lake eutrophication has 2008) and Wisconsin and Indiana within the Nonpoint Source (watershed also involved developing criteria of have proposed standards under review. management) Program, funded by what constitutes an eutrophic lake. Lake Development of nutrient criteria for lakes EPA through Section 319 of the Clean eutrophication standards or nutrient is now occurring in most U.S. states. Water Act. The shifting of funds from standards have been an issue over the In the 1990s, attention was turned clean lakes to watershed management past 30 years, with slow progress. In toward nonpoint runoff with particular resulted in a decline in research into lake 1986, EPA recognized the need for emphasis on urban stormwater control. management practices. nutrient standards and proposed “Gold This lead to numerous advancements Lake management practices Book” values of 50 µg P/L for lakes in stormwater management, green of the 1970s and ’80s – diversion, and 100 µg P/L for rivers as appropriate infrastructure, and similar approaches hypolimnetic withdrawal, phosphorus criteria to protect against the impacts during the 2000s and continuing. In inactivation and sediment oxidation, of eutrophication. From the late 1980s addition, P-based fertilizer bans became biomanipulation, water level drawdown, to mid-1990s. NALMS was active on popular in the mid 2000s, leading to local dredging, hypolimnetic aeration, and this front and in 1992 published a report and state legislation to eliminate P in artificial aeration – noted in Cooke entitled Developing Eutrophication most lawn fertilizers (e.g., Minnesota). et al. (1985) – are the practices Standards for Lakes and Reservoirs. Agricultural management practices for recommended today (Cooke et al. 2005). This report served as a basis for states controlling nutrient runoff into streams Lake management practices have not to begin developing lake standards and and lakes are receiving considerable changed significantly over the past 30 was used by USEPA to help make a case attention in the U.S. through the years. However, there has been better for development of nutrient criteria. On Chesapeake Bay Program and the documentation of the effectiveness and the 25th anniversary of the Clean Water Mississippi River Basin Initiative to costs of lake management practices. One Act, U.S. EPA and USDA brought forth control nutrient loading to downstream example is alum treatment for sediment the Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP) estuaries. Although this emphasis is on P inactivation. In the 1980s, alum at the request of (then) Vice President coastal hypoxia and nitrogen, sediment treatment was considered appropriate Gore. Numerous priorities were put and phosphorus management practices primarily for deep lakes (Figure 4), forth, and prominent among them was within these basins are also benefiting where re-suspension of bottom sediments addressing eutrophication and the need inland lakes. would not occur, which it was believed for eutrophication criteria for lakes, The missing element in nearly all would disrupt the sediment alum-TP rivers, wetlands, and estuaries. Since that lake restoration and management projects binding (Cooke et al. 1985). However, time, extensive effort has been put forth is long-term monitoring. Those watershed in reviewing alum studies on shallow by states and U.S. EPA to acquire data management projects that do include lakes over the intervening years, Cooke on lakes and develop nutrient standards. monitoring typically monitor for three et al. (2005) found that not only did Actual promulgation of standards has years. Lakes are integrators and respond alum treatment work in shallow lakes; been slow but there is some progress in more slowly to management practices it worked more effectively over time in several U.S. EPA regions. For example, than streams. In most cases, there is

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 29 no corresponding lake monitoring to document the effects of these management practices on improved lake quality. The U.S. EPA National Eutrophication Survey (NES) was conducted from 1972 to 1976. It was over 30 years before a similar study (Figure 5) was conducted to assess the condition of the nation’s lakes (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2009). One of the findings in comparing the NES with NLA was that, over the intervening 30 years, there were almost an equal number of lakes that had improved as had deteriorated, using nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations as the metric, but there was minimal monitoring of these lakes in the intervening period to know why. Monitoring typically is the first victim of budget deficits even though Figure 5. A Minnesota NES lake sampled during 2007 NLA. Severe nuisance algal bloom were it is the only way to document whether noted on date of sampling. MPCA staff photo. management practices are making a difference. This is one of the truths that evidently must be rediscovered by each that TP was the limiting nutrient, and a NALMS prepared, and its local and subsequent generation. set of lake restoration and management state affiliates. Achieving this mission, Human and animal health impacts practices that could be used to reduce however, has been a challenge. The first from blue-green algal toxins, a product eutrophication 30 years ago, but lake step is creating an awareness of lake of eutrophication, have long been eutrophication is still with us. What are issues. If people don’t even recognize recognized. At the beginning of this we missing? The answer, of course, is there is a problem, why would they 30-year period researchers such as people and their involvement in lake change their behavior to help correct this Carmichael (1981) drew our attention to management. Lake and watershed problem? this issue. Since that time research on this management is fundamentally a social NALMS has increased awareness of issue has sky-rocketed with numerous issue. Yet, we treated it as if it were a the value of lakes to our quality of life publications and dedicated sessions and technical problem to be solved, rather through outreach programs such as the conferences to share information on this than a social issue to be resolved. Great Secchi Dip-In (initiated in 1994), important topic. Advancements have been Problems have solutions; issues have Lake Appreciation Week/Month (initiated made in identifying toxins and their action resolutions. Issue resolution requires in 1998), volunteer lake monitoring and development of analytic techniques not just the engineering and scientific programs (Figure 6), and formation of that allow states, municipalities, and disciplines, but also the socioeconomic, local and state chapters. Citizen guides water utilities to monitor their waters political, and psychological disciplines. to lake management, citizen workshops for the presence of algal toxins [note – The importance of these “soft sciences” associated with its annual conferences, microcystin was included as a standard has come to be recognized as a hard lake brochures, and educational material measurement in EPA’s NLA]. Much work reality for lake management (Thornton have been developed over the past 30 remains, though, with the need to further and Laurin 2005). Lake management, in years and are available through NALMS. develop analytical techniques, advance large (once we move beyond regulated Social marketing, behavioral monitoring, reporting, development point source discharges), is a voluntary economics, cognitive psychology, and of water quality standards, and related effort that occurs because people care sociology are now recognized as being issues to help water resource managers about their lake. Over the past 30 years, integral to effective lake and watershed to better address this problem. There is the importance of engaging stakeholders management because they provide insight hope on this front as the World Health as part of the process of lake management on how to engage stakeholders. The Organization compiles research and has become obvious. use of knowledge gap assessment and advances guidelines and recent U.S. The purpose of NALMS is to similar tools has helped lake managers legislation seeks to broaden investigations forge partnerships among citizens, gain insight into what various stakeholder into harmful algal blooms in coastal and scientists, and professionals to foster the groups believe about lake issues, what is inland waters. management and protection of lakes and perception and what is fact, based on our reservoirs for today and tomorrow. This current understanding of lake dynamics. Stakeholder Involvement in has been its mission since 1980. Serving With this insight, more effective outreach Lake Management as a melting pot for its members has and education programs can be developed. We had a basic understanding of lake been a major theme of every NALMS Public perception about lake quality has dynamics and eutrophication, recognized conference, the three guidance documents helped shape not only NALMS outreach

30 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE is more holistic. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, We understand the Madison, WI. management unit Moore, L. and K. Thornton (Eds.) 1988. is a lake and its Lake and Reservoir Restoration watershed. We have Guidance Manual EPA 440/5-88-002. the tools, methods, Prep. By NALMS for Office of Res. and approaches and Devel., Env. Res. Lab, Corvallis, for effectively OR and Office of Water, Criteria Std. managing lakes and Div. Nonpoint Sources Branch. U.S. their watersheds. Environmental Protection Agency. We understand, and Washington, D.C. acknowledge, the critical element in Schindler, D.W. 2006. Recent advances lake restoration and in the understanding and management management is people. of eutrophication. Limnol. Oceanogr. Perhaps the integration 51:356-363. of the social sciences Smeltzer E. and S.A. Heiskary. 1990. with engineering and Analysis and applications of lake user natural sciences has survey data. Lake Reserv. Manage. become a principle of 6:109-118. lake restoration and Thornton, K. and C. Laurin. 2005. Soft management, rather sciences and the hard reality of lake than a fundamental management. Lake Reserv. Manage. 21: truth we must 203-208. Figure 6. Volunteer lake water quality monitoring. MPCA staff photo. rediscover in every generation. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. purpose for which 2009. National Lakes Assessment: A and education programs, but also the NALMS was established is still relevant Collaborative Survey of the Nation’s development of lake nutrient standards. and a keystone for helping integrate Lakes. EPA 841-R-09-001. U.S. Lake user surveys have been used in improved scientific understanding of Environmental Protection Agency Vermont, Minnesota, and elsewhere lake dynamics with ways to get lake Office of Water and Office of Research to identify specific chlorophyll-a and restoration and management practices and Development. Washington, D.C. Secchi disk transparency values at which implemented and sustained – worthwhile algal nuisances and impairment of lessons to carry forward for the next 30 recreation uses are perceived by the public years. Kent Thornton (Smeltzer and Heiskary 1990). It was is a Principal with also demonstrated that perceptions varied References FTN Associates, an among states and ecoregions within states. Carmichael, W.W. (Ed.) 1981. The Water engineering and User perception survey information has Environment – Algal Toxins and environmental consulting been recognized by U.S. EPA as a tool to Health. Plenum Press, New York, 491p. firm in Little Rock, assist in nutrient criteria development. AR and a founding Cooke, G.D., E.B. Welch, S.A. Peterson, member of NALMS. He This interface of the environmental, and P.R. Newroth. 1985. Restoration economic, and social sectors is critical is a past teasurer and and Management of Lakes and regional director of NALMS and a life-long if our growing understanding of lake Reservoirs. 1st Edition. CRC Press. dynamics and lake restoration and student of reservoir ecosystems and their management practices are to be used to ______. 2005. Restoration and management. implement these management practices to Management of Lakes and Reservoirs. rd improve lake quality. 3 Edition. CRC Press. Steven Heiskary has been employed with Heiskary, S.A. and C.B. Wilson. 2008. the Minnesota Pollution Conclusion Minnesota’s approach to lake nutrient Control Agency since So what would Rip Van Winkle find criteria development. Lake Reserv. 1978 and currently after 30 years? We haven’t seen a 60- fold Manage. 24:282-297. increase in knowledge about lakes and works as a Research Holdren, C., W. Jones, and J. Taggart. their functioning. In some areas, we are Scientist III. Steve is a 2001. Managing Lakes and Reservoirs. rediscovering fundamental truths about past president of NALMS, N. Amer. Lake Manage. Soc. and eutrophication and lake management. an associate editor of the Terrene Inst. In cooperation with Office Overall, our understanding of lake Journal of Lake and Reservoir Management, Water Assess. Watershed Prot. Div. x dynamics, restoration, and management and 2009 Secchi Disk Award winner.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 31 NALMS at 30

Lake & Reservoir Modeling 30 Years On

David M. Soballe

30 Years of Progress – good use in reaching lake and reservoir by manipulation of “trophic cascades” Or Just 30 Years Later? management decisions (Figure 1). has been successful in some cases, and We have gained important insights there has been broad recognition that eyond water availability, water in limnology and aquatic ecology there are complex mixtures of (and quality (algae scums, low over these decades. For example, our switches between) top-down and bottom- dissolved oxygen), aquatic experience with reservoirs has pulled up structuring of lake food webs and Bweeds, and fish production us away from the early, narrow view of that these can substantially alter the (including fish kills) are among the most “deep hole” limnology in glacial kettles observed trophic response to nutrient common problems that lake managers and taught us the importance of the inputs. However, multi-dimensionality, and decisionmakers confront. These horizontal (e.g., lateral and longitudinal) for reservoirs in particular, necessitated problems are related to eutrophication dimensions. The concept (or hypothesis) the development of two- and three- (over enrichment with nutrients), which of alternative stable states for shallow dimensional models and food web was a prevalent issue when NALMS lakes has emerged and suggests paths for interactions stimulated the incorporation was founded 30 years ago, and is still an successful management of these shallow of bio-energetic models. We’ve also issue today. In some lakes and reservoirs, systems. Management of water quality learned that people are part of the however, the opposite situation occurs. These lakes, called oligotrophic (few nutrients) are underproductive and are actually fertilized to increase fish production. If elevated nutrients cause nuisance blooms, or lakes are fertilized to increase productivity, managers confront trade-offs. It is in determining the possible responses of the lake or reservoir to different management alternatives or trade-offs that lake managers and decision makers turn to models. Because eutrophication has been a dominant issue in lake management for decades, it should be of no surprise that a substantial modeling effort over this time has focused on the interrelationships between nutrient dynamics (movements and balances) and ecological (trophic) responses (e.g., algal blooms and production of fish and vegetation). This effort has lead to some impressive progress that is, in some instances, truly amazing. It is interesting to note that, although our computational capabilities have expanded enormously over the last 30 years, the problems facing lake managers remain mostly the same, and many of the Figure 1. Richard Vollenweider’s simple, empirical, regression models (1969-1976) have simpler models that emerged more than dramatically influenced lake and reservoir management around the world. Note that scales are 30 years ago are still being put to very logarithmic.

32 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE ecosystem and that the “quality” of a lake The Value of Models decision. As a result, useful models for can be somewhat subjective and depends, From a decision maker or manager’s lake and reservoir managers and decision in part, on the perceptions and background standpoint, the value of a model can be makers come in all types and sizes. They of the resource users. The very old dogma judged by its ability to inform (alter) encompass a broad spectrum that ranges that lakes are part of their surrounding a management decision by providing from mental constructs (maybe never watershed now seems to be working its appropriate levels of accuracy and verbalized), physical models (scaled to the way into management approaches, and it precision, within the available time, and physical dimensions of the lake), box and seems broadly recognized that managing within budget (and within any other arrow diagrams (on the proverbial back a lake or reservoir ecosystem (as part of a resource limitations). Within this context, of the envelope), simple (or complex) larger watershed) for a single species may a model that cannot alter the outcome of regression equations, and complex, not be sustainable. a decision can be said to have no value. It numeric simulation models (Figure 2). Some of these conceptual advances is important to point out, that if the value In general, there are three main have not yet found their way into of a management model is judged by the categories of models. Individual models, “production” models or other software decisions it has influenced, then the value however, can function in more than one tools used routinely by lake and reservoir of a simple, steady-state, mass-balance category: managers, and the basic conceptual model (i.e., Vollenweider 1968) has 1. Conceptual or heuristic. In this mode, underpinnings for limnology that bear overshadowed all the lake and reservoir the purpose of the model is primarily directly on resource managers and models that preceded or followed it. to identify and communicate important decision makers have actually held pretty However, because the specific issues relations among variables or processes constant over the last 30 years. Our and potential actions of a lake manager and to come to an initial understanding understanding of the connections among can vary enormously, no single model (particularly among stakeholders) of water movement, vertical stratification, can be useful in all situations. Thus there how things are interconnected in a nutrient loading, sedimentation, and light is room for a wide variety of models lake or reservoir. Conceptual models limitation is largely where it was decades and there are many differing ways to are often “box and arrow” diagrams. ago. use these models in the quest for a good Precision and completeness are usually

Figure 2. Scale physical models provide insights into water movements and the interactions among water management operations, water quality (dissolved gases), and migrating fish. These example models of Columbia River dams also provide an opportunity for engineers to quietly contemplate the system and consider that maybe they got a little too “hands-on” with the fluorescent tracer dye used in their modelling studies.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 33 less important that identifying the our models. Improvements are most multi-reservoir systems, and hydrologic important connections. Such a model remarkable in engineering models, and hydrodynamic models coupled might actually contribute to semi- which are designed to provide specific, with ecological models (e.g., algae, quantitative diagnoses or predictions. It detailed guidance for the construction or zooplankton and fish dynamics). The can greatly facilitate the implementation operation of structures and equipment and advent of Geographic Information of a more detailed (e.g., numeric) model other engineering works. For example, Systems (GIS) over 20 years ago has of the system (http://www.gomrc.org/ engineering models guide such things as allowed us to more easily consider the tools. html, http://ian.umces.edu/pdfs/ the operation of reservoir release works to spatial (three-dimensional) aspects of our ian_newsletter_4.pdf). maintain downstream water quality (e.g., lake and watershed systems (Figure 3). 2. Diagnostic. Calculations are used oxygen and temperature); the installation Artificial neural network models, which to estimate or assess the source and and operation of aeration/mixing devices function by simulating the actions and magnitude of current or potential to increase dissolved oxygen, the interactions among biological neurons, problems. Diagnostic models can be quantity, application rates; and application are usually used to model complex used to determine if existing conditions techniques used for an alum treatment relationships between inputs and outputs are consistent with our present that reduces internal phosphorus loading; or to find patterns in data. Although knowledge of the system or if there are or the number, type, and location of best they have been somewhat successful in major information gaps (e.g., unknown management practices (BMPs) to control recognizing and diagnosing problems and pollution sources or sinks, exacerbating phosphorus loading from the watershed. directing corrective actions (c.f. Maier or ameliorating processes). Analysis and We can now model lakes and and Dandy 2000), such models are still interpretation of data via a diagnostic reservoirs as whole systems, using “on the fringe” of lake and reservoir model can help identify problems, watershed models for loading scenarios, modeling, and are an intriguing approach, select among management alternatives, linked river and reservoir models for but are extremely empirical (i.e., they are and allow increased focus on specific causes or information needs. It may also be used to set limits (back calculate) some unknown or unmeasured input to the system (e.g., nutrient load) based on the information that we do have. 3. Predictive. In predictive applications, existing knowledge is used to estimate a future condition with differing inputs (e.g., management scenarios), or the likely future if existing (or probable) conditions continue. For example, a model can forecast the expected frequency of nuisance algal blooms after a specific reduction in phosphorus inputs to the lake is implemented. Alternatively, it may calculate the level of phosphorus reduction required to bring the frequency or intensity of algal blooms below a required threshold.

Progress in Modeling Progress in our ability to model lakes and reservoirs has been amazing, but uneven. Much of the improvement has been driven by phenomenal increases in computing power. For example, capabilities and speed that were once only accessible with a building- or room-size computational facility, are now available on the desktop (or laptop). As a consequence, we can now model short- term hydrodynamics (water movements) Figure 3. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) now allow us to more easily connect our and better incorporate the details of lakes and reservoirs to the watershed and include this connection in spatially explicit models of physical and chemical processes into watershed and stream processes.

34 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE “trained” to arrive at a correct answer, but data has also increased the risks from a first-order chemical reactions). Our for reasons that are not explicit). Neural very old hazard: the non-discriminating models can now simulate these processes nets might prove useful for “real time” consumption of data from questionable and the resulting patterns with astounding applications (i.e., analysis of complex sources or unknown quality that produces accuracy, detail, and computational speed. time series inputs and implementation meaningless, or deceptive results. On the For example, desktop-suitable models can of water quality warning systems; http:// positive side, we are making progress now very accurately portray the patterns en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_ in developing sophisticated, automated of vertical and longitudinal temperature network). systems that can detect erroneous and and oxygen stratification that characterize Our ability to rapidly deliver “user- inconsistent data, although it should be many lakes and impoundments, and can friendly” information in forms more a bit disconcerting to have one set of simulate and display the development of readily interpreted by managers has automation checking on the performance these patterns in two dimensions (using likewise brought enormous changes in the of another without any human oversight. tens of thousands of computational way many lake and watershed managers In applying our technological “cells”) for a season or annual period conduct their routine business. We can advances to lake and reservoir modeling, in just a few minutes (Figure 4). Three now deliver sophisticated data analyses much of the effort has focused on those dimensional simulations are also widely and graphics to the user with the click of a aspects of the system that are more available, but are still mostly beyond the mouse, and in situations where changes in tractable to mathematical formulations capability of the typical desktop computer. land use, or short-term phenomena related and can be characterized by well- to the movement of water have important established physical and chemical laws What about Ecological Responses? management implications, our model (e.g., conservation of mass, buoyancy, Our progress with ecological and advances have been truly impressive and momentum, heat conduction, diffusion, biological models has been somewhat valuable. Increased computational capacity has also, in many cases, increased the requirement (appetite) of complex models for detailed and expensive data. Color-Fill Fortunately, substantial strides have also DO been made in making the implementation 10.0 of models more flexible, more automatic, 9.0 and more “user-friendly,” so that large 8.0 parts of the data-reduction drudgery -10 7.0 and computer expertise once required 6.0 5.0 for simple implementation of a well- 4.0 established model presents a much 3.0 smaller obstacle. -20 2.0 Another important change, particularly remarkable over the last decade, has been our ability to “feed” our Color-Lines well-established relationships (models)

Depth (m) Temp -30 with enormous quantities of actual field 31.0 data. Technology now makes it possible 28.0 to monitor a host of limnological (and 25.0 watershed) variables and interpret these 22.0 in nearly “real time.” We can obtain -40 19.0 stunning graphical images and, in some 16.0 cases, short-term forecasts that involve 13.0 10.0 hundreds or thousands of measurements taken over a few hours or days. Small, inexpensive, free-standing sensors are -50 becoming common, and semi-autonomous 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 sampling devices (micro-submarines) are Longitudinal Distance from Upstream End of Branch (m) being used almost routinely, along with remotely sensed information, satellite Figure 4. Two-dimensional models with thousands of grid cells can provide detailed projections images, and GIS coverages served from a of temperature and dissolved oxygen over the course of a year with just a few minutes of wide array of data outlets on the Internet, computation on a desktop machine. Output from a two-dimensional water quality model (CE- often at no direct charge to the user. QUAL-W2) is shown here as a graphic snapshot in time of temperature and dissolved oxygen Sadly, the automated acquisition and concentration. The output can be displayed as an animation over time and differing output processing of these enormous rivers of variables can be displayed. Small black arrows are water velocity vectors.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 35 less impressive, and for good reasons. our more successful, and highly detailed, interactive, computer-based information Although water quality, quantity, and engineering models. The initial, successful systems developed to help managers ecology are closely linked, modeling attempts at making such connections do that by providing information from the quantity and movement of water is have been notably unidirectional (i.e., multiple sources (and models) in an much simpler and has a longer tradition the physical environment simulated by understandable context (Figure 5). These than ecological modeling. Water quality the engineering model is passed to the DSS provide a common frame or platform models (particularly temperature and ecological model, but there is no feedback that can bring different models together dissolved oxygen) have advanced from the biota to influence the physical (including economic models, in some considerably, but many of the ecological model). Successful linkages under this cases) along with statistical and graphical relations within a lake or reservoir, arrangement are limited to situations capabilities so that managers and decision particularly in fine detail, are not reliably where feedback from the biota to the makers can interactively ask questions represented by models that managers physical-chemical environment is not a and get answers about the effects of would find useful. To the extent that driving factor nor of particular interest. various management scenarios on lake ecological interactions resemble chemical This one-way situation has obvious and reservoir ecosystems. Some of these equilibria (e.g., chlorophyll-phosphorus limitations, but it seems about to change DSS are using a modular design so that relations), our ecological models have in the next several years if the major different models, or part of models, can been moderately successful. One area that conceptual and computational challenges be used when needed. DSS and artificial might build upon this general approach, can be overcome. intelligence are two areas that are likely and capitalize on our ability to acquire to be more important as lake and reservoir intensive field data is the near real-time Toward Better management tools in the future. The forecasting of harmful algal blooms. This Management Decisions recent expansion of activity with this is an example where a well-modeled Models for management are approach can be appreciated by entering (and monitored) physical environment intended to assist in making management terms such as “water resources decision might be combined with our biological decisions. Decision-support systems support” into a popular Web search tool. understanding to predict, at short time (DSS) represent an emerging area of scales, the proliferation and accumulation of harmful microorganisms. It appears that the ability to forecast the toxicity of such blooms may still be distant. A huge stumbling block to using the same approach for modeling organismal interactions with each other and with the environment that we might use for physical-chemical processes is that the constants or “parameters” in the formulations are almost never, in reality, constants. Instead, the organisms adjust (adapt) these “parameters” in response to the changing environment on an individual basis, so we are forced (with this approach) to then model these adaptive processes. These adaptive processes can vary from individual to individual, can depend upon the individual’s history within the environment, and can therefore be enormously complex in a large-scale model with hundreds of species and thousands of individuals from each. However, some progress has been made in this regard using agent-based modeling. Such an approach (e.g., Goodwin et al. 2006) has been particularly successful in dealing with a single species (e.g., salmon) and the reaction of individuals to a few aspects of the physical environment Figure 5. Decision Support Systems (DSS) provide a means of connecting differing levels of the (e.g., flow velocity and shear). modeling effort together and to the decision makers. Shown here is a schematic of the USGS One approach to improving our spatial decision support system for landscape ecological decisions in Florida. From USGS: http:// ecological models is to couple them with pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3113/#pdf.

36 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE Selecting a Tool management still relies on the judgment A virtual explosion in the number of knowledgeable individuals who NALMS Address Updates and type of software tools has made understand their system. Simple models picking the most appropriate tool for a can often provide the needed answers, . . . we need your help! specific application a job for an expert, and despite our impressive technological but the end-user must be cautious that the advances, some of the earliest numeric We have an ongoing problem “expert” who they rely upon for advice models (e.g., Vollenwieder 1968) can still with outdated postal mailing and (even themselves) is an honest broker. be effectively applied by lake managers. A sound selection of tools should be However, as management measures come electronic (e-mail) addresses. based on suitability for the problem at to rely on engineering solutions (aeration, Members can go online to correct hand (including the desired/attainable destratification, oxygenation) more end point), its ability to produce the detailed modeling is usually required. their own information now and are necessary outputs, and the feasibility of Finally, emerging pollutants, such as encouraged to do so. Please tell implementing it within the constraints of pharmaceutical products, and algal toxins, available time, expertise, and data. The are not included now in most water your friends and colleagues who most rationale approach is to determine quality models. These offer new scientific are NALMS members to check and the requirements for a tool before one and technical challenges to our modeling is selected, but too often the task gets (and management) efforts update their records. If they are reversed and the requirements are made to not getting LakeLine or the NALMS fit the tool that is already available. References It is relatively easy, in our high-tech Maier, H.R. and G.C. Dandy. 2000. e-newsletter, something is wrong. If environment, to be persuaded that only Neural networks for the prediction and they don’t have access to fix their the most complex and expensive “state forecasting of water resources variables: of the art” software solution will produce A review of modeling issues and own contact info, they can call a result of any merit. The dazzle of the applications. Environmental Modelling the office at 608-233-2836 to get display tends to hide that fact that the & Software 15:101-124. changes made. This goes for postal accuracy behind the display, particularly Goodwin, R.A., Nestler, J.M., Anderson, when it comes to forecasting ecological J.J., Weber, L.J., and Loucks, D. P. service mail addresses as well. responses, is often not improved by the 2006. Forecasting 3-D fish movement use of more computationally intense, behavior using a Eulerian-Lagrangian- and data-hungry, approaches. There is agent method (ELAM). Ecological no substitute for some good field data Modelling. 192:197-223. and some experienced judgment, and in all cases, the software “solutions” that Vollenweider, R.A. 1968. The scientific are produced need to be subjected to a basis of lake and stream eutrophication, “reality” check before they are accepted. with particular reference to phosphorus The “best” model is one that includes and nitrogen as eutrophication factors. all that is needed, but no more. When it Tech. Rep. OECD, Paris, DAS/CS1/68, comes to selecting models and modeling 27:1-182. approaches, the notion that “bigger is better” must be closely scrutinized. Dave Soballe, Ph.D., is Summary a research biologist with Did you know? Models can be extremely useful, or the Engineer Research even critical, in assisting managers to and Development Florida (1994, 2000, 2007) make sound decisions about the lakes Center (U.S. Army and reservoirs in their care. Enormous Corps of Engineers) and Wisconsin (1985, technological progress allows us to create in Vicksburg, MS. He 2001, 2005) have been the precise numeric models of the physical- has nearly 30 years chemical environment of these complex experience in the states hosting the most systems and to acquire, analyze, and limnology of lakes, reservoirs, and large NALMS Symposia. There display the data needed to understand and rivers. Prior to joining the Corps in 2003, his model a lake system. Although the full research experience included an assortment have been five symposia value of a tool cannot be realized unless of federal and state agencies in the Midwest held in Canada (1982, 1995, it is wielded by a competent practitioner, and southeastern U.S., as well as university our technology makes it possible for positions. Dave has been an associate editor 1998, 2004, 2008). even small-scale managers to benefit. of Lake and Reservoir Management for over Nonetheless, sound lake and reservoir 20 years. x

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 37 NALMS at 30

30+ Years of Volunteer Lake Monitoring

Linda T. Green and Alice Mayio

The 30th anniversary of NALMS seems within a few years, state- and university- of ideas.…” In 1991, recognizing the an appropriate time to reflect on a citizen sponsored lake-monitoring programs need for some uniformity in the sampling movement that has grown and flourished were also established in Vermont, New methods used by the growing number of during this same time – the monitoring Hampshire, New York, and Illinois. State lake volunteer monitoring programs, EPA of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs by trained agencies used the information collected by published the first in its series of methods volunteers. It is tempting to call volunteer volunteers to help classify lakes according manuals for volunteers: Volunteer Lake monitors “ordinary folks,” but in fact they to trophic status, as mandated by Section Monitoring: A Methods Manual (http:// are not: They stand out because of their 314 of the Clean Water Act (Clean Lakes www.epa.gov/volunteer/lake/lakevolman. persistence in the face of uncooperative Program), and lake associations used it for pdf). Many programs used the manual weather, equipment, bugs, and boats; local conservation activities. as a springboard to developing their own their ability to learn and do new things; The ’80s and early ’90s might standard lake protocols for field and lab. and their dedication to helping the lakes possibly be considered the heyday of Recently we delved back into the they love. lake volunteer monitoring. Many states dusty annals of volunteer monitoring funded their statewide volunteer lake history and re-read the first several issues A Brief History of monitoring programs using Section of The Volunteer Monitor. It is notable Lake Volunteer Monitoring 314 money; funding of the Clean Lakes that the topics and concerns of 20 years n the early 1970s, Joseph Shapiro, program began in 1976 and continued ago remain remarkably relevant today: a professor at the University of until 1995. States received Section coordinating disparate programs, staying Minnesota’s Limnology Research 314 assistance from EPA to implement solvent (in the ’90s!) working with ICenter, was concerned about projects to monitor, restore, and manage agencies, involving schools in monitoring, deteriorating water quality in the state’s their publicly owned lakes, and many getting your message out, and the lakes and searching for a diagnostic states turned to local lake associations always informative low-cost homemade parameter that could be easily measured for help with the task. During this equipment. Over the years, most of these by people living near lakes. Shapiro had time, state-managed lake programs and topics were expanded into full newsletter a thousand Secchi disks manufactured Cooperative Extension programs were issues. Program coordinators throughout and in 1973 began recruiting volunteers. born in many states, and many lake and the country regard The Volunteer Monitor By 1975, volunteers were monitoring 250 watershed organizations leaped to the task as one of the main reasons volunteer lakes for water clarity and the Minnesota of keeping an eye on their local lakes and monitoring has thrived as a national Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) was ponds. movement. providing partial funding for the program. The ’80s also marked the start of Today, MPCA’s Citizen Lake Monitoring EPA’s support for, and commitment Lake Volunteer Monitoring Today Program (CLMP) is the nation’s longest- to, volunteer monitoring. Beginning in Today, according to the National running volunteer lake monitoring 1988, EPA sponsored a series of national Directory of Volunteer Environmental program. volunteer monitoring conferences that Monitoring Programs (see http:// Similarly, in Maine, researchers offered opportunities for hundreds yosemite.epa.gov/water/volmon.nsf/ and state officials were grappling with of attendees to learn from each other Home?readform) there are over 250 the problem of how to monitor lakes and exchange ideas, successes, and programs (and possibly many more) statewide. In 1974, the state legislature frustrations. (Those conferences have now that monitor lakes using volunteers. provided funding to the Department been merged into the biennial National Host organizations for these lake of Environmental Protection to start Water Quality Monitoring Conferences.) volunteer monitoring programs are the Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring In 1989, EPA began funding The highly varied. Many programs are run Program. Michigan’s Self-Help Water Volunteer Monitor newsletter with the by state environmental agencies. For Quality Monitoring program (now known goal of “providing a timely look at what’s example, Vermont’s Lay Lake Monitoring as the Cooperative Lake Monitoring new in the world of citizen monitoring program lays claim to being the nation’s Program) started that same year, and and . . . stimulate a dynamic exchange fourth-oldest lake monitoring program.

38 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE at the Universities folks who are the backbone of many of Rhode Island and community groups such as lake or Wisconsin to help watershed organizations and municipal build capacity for conservation or planning commissions. volunteer monitoring State and local governments benefit (see www. from their partnerships with these usawaterquality. educated and involved citizens who org/volunteer for actively work to protect their lake their comprehensive resources. Citizen volunteers, for their “Guide for Growing part, benefit by learning about water Programs” factsheet sampling, lake biology, and the pollution series). impacts of activities in and around their How programs communities. are managed While gathering information about and funded may the condition of their individual lakes, change over time. volunteers may also become involved For example, in lake and watershed management when budget cuts activities; volunteer monitoring often threatened the serves as a stepping stone to further dissolution of the community involvement on local Maine Volunteer conservation, planning, and zoning Lake Monitoring boards. The experience of successful Program, the volunteer programs shows us that the volunteers refused to spirit of stewardship and teamwork allow their program engendered by these volunteer efforts is of to end and the great help in protecting our nation’s lakes program became an for future generations to use and enjoy. independent non- profit organization What Do They Monitor? Figure 1. Michigan CLMP volunteer Duane Drake using a water that has not only Virtually all lake volunteer programs sampler for chlorophyll on Lake Bellaire, Antrim County, Michigan. survived, but monitor lake clarity or transparency Photo courtesy of Ralph Bednarz. flourished. Maine using Secchi disks and most take basic DEP remains a measurements of dissolved oxygen, According to program coordinator Amy supportive partner – a good thing, since temperature, alkalinity, and pH. Nitrogen, Picotte, “The program has operated in 2009 volunteers were responsible for phosphorus and chlorophyll-a are continuously under the original program over 90 percent of both Secchi depth frequently monitored. Increasingly, goals established way back in 1979, measurements and aquatic plant surveys. volunteers also monitor bacteria because which are to involve citizens in lake No matter how you slice it, in many they recognize the importance of this protection and to establish a database on states trained volunteers are the leading parameter to human health and because each lake useful for documenting changes source of consistent, long-term lake data, new methods have been developed to in water quality. Nearly 90 lakes have and many lakes would go unmonitored make this easier to do (see http://www. been monitored since the program began, without them. usawaterquality.org/volunteer/EColi/ with an additional 30+ sites just on Lake index.html). Many groups partner with Champlain.” Who are Lake Volunteers? a university or government lab to assist Other lake volunteer monitoring One of the attractions of volunteer with some of these analyses. Each of the programs are managed by local monitoring is that for the most part, no parameters most commonly monitored by residential lake associations determined previous experience in, or knowledge volunteers was on the list of parameters to protect the quality of their local lake, of, water quality is required, just a keen monitored by EPA and states for the first pond, or reservoir. Universities, with interest, a willingness to learn new skills, National Lakes Assessment (see http:// an unparalleled level of scientific and and the time, energy, and dedication www.epa.gov/lakessurvey). management expertise and often as part to devote to a monitoring assignment. In addition to conducting their of Cooperative Extension, run a large Volunteer monitors come from all walks physical, chemical, and biological number of lake volunteer monitoring of life, with professions from student to monitoring, in some programs volunteers programs as well. USDA’s National Water homemaker, accountant to zoologist. report on their perception of water quality. Program, a part of what’s now known An inquiry of Cooperative Extension- Their perceptions have been statistically as the National Institute of Food and associated programs in 2001 found that linked to water clarity and phosphorus Agriculture, has provided a number of the majority of volunteers are mid- levels. These lake user surveys have years of funding to Cooperative Extension life adults or senior citizens, the very been incorporated into statewide lake

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 39 assessments, management goal setting, 2007, LAKEWATCH volunteers and even the development of water quality sampled a total of 2,289 water standards. bodies in 56 counties, including Lake volunteer monitors often 1,511 lakes, 344 coastal sites, commonly report on lake usage, shoreline 425 river sites, and 9 springs. habitat conditions, and aquatic vegetation. Most established volunteer A large number of programs train monitoring programs have volunteers to identify exotic plants and standard operating procedures, animals such as Eurasian watermilfoil, approved quality assurance purple loosestrife, water chestnut, project plans, and formal hydrilla, zebra mussels, and dozens of training sessions designed to other invasive species. ensure that the data collected In fact, volunteer monitoring of are of the highest possible aquatic invasives has become increasingly quality. Volunteer-collected popular – and increasingly important. For lake data are widely used in example, the goal of the New Hampshire state water quality assessment Department of Environmental Services reports, identification of (NHDES) Weed Watcher Program is to impaired waters, local promote a volunteer, grass-roots effort decisionmaking, and scientific to monitor lakes, ponds, and rivers for studies. For example, in 2007, the early detection of exotic aquatic the Indiana Department of plant infestations. Because eradication of Environmental Management well-established exotic plant infestations (IDEM) hired an independent is rarely possible, early detection is of contractor to conduct a the utmost importance. Weed Watcher rigorous, statistical evaluation volunteers are trained by NHDES of Indiana Volunteer Lake biologists to identify both exotic aquatic Monitoring Program data for plants and commonly found native total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, plants. They monitor waterbodies for and Secchi disk transparency. new infestations monthly during the IDEM concluded that since Figure 2. Illinois Volunteer Monitoring Program summer season, and report suspected there was no statistically volunteer Bob Roels measuring Secchi transparency and new infestations to NHDES. This allows significant difference between water color, circa 1994. Photo courtesy of Holly Hudson. NHDES biologists to respond rapidly, in the volunteer and professionally the same season as the discovery. collected data, the IVLMP data could be reservoirs, but also streams) in the United The Volunteer Monitor newsletter used to develop lake and reservoir nutrient States and Canada. A main goal of the recently devoted an issue to the work of criteria in Indiana. Rhode Island went Dip-In is to increase the number and volunteers in detecting the early arrival of through the same process, with the same interest of volunteers in environmental aquatic invasives, stopping their spread, result, in the early ’90s. monitoring, and provide national-level and educating local communities (see recognition of the work they do. http://www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/ The Great American Secchi Dip-In The 1994 Dip-In began as a pilot volunteer/newsletter/volmon20no1.pdf). One national program designed to project with 800 volunteers in six Most of the larger lake volunteer promote the involvement of volunteers Midwestern states. Today, the Dip-In monitoring programs monitor a range of in lake monitoring is the Great American database has grown to more than 30,000 waters in addition to lakes, ponds, and Secchi Dip-In, managed since 1994 by records on more than 6,000 separate reservoirs. For example, Alabama Water its founder, Dr. Robert Carlson of Kent waterbodies. To learn more about the Watch, coordinated by Auburn University, State University under an EPA grant Secchi Dip-In, visit http://dipin.kent.edu/ monitors Alabama’s lakes, streams, and with NALMS. The concept of the Dip-In index.html. coasts. The University of Rhode Island’s is simple: Individuals anywhere who Watershed Watch program focuses on are members of a volunteer monitoring A Peek into the Future of Lake long-term ecological monitoring of the program are encouraged to take a Volunteer Monitoring state’s fresh and salt water resources transparency measurement on one day What does the future hold for lake including lakes, ponds, streams, bays, around the 4th of July and report their volunteer monitoring? Unfortunately, estuaries, and coastal waters. In Texas, results to the Dip-In Website. Volunteers one trend appears to be the struggle for 1,400 Texas Stream Team volunteers may use a Secchi disk, a transparency funding: Volunteer programs of all sorts collect water quality data on lakes, tube, or a turbidity meter to take their are reinventing themselves to stay afloat, rivers, streams, wetlands, bays, bayous, measurements. These values are used regrouping as sources of funding dry and estuaries. Florida’s LAKEWATCH to assess the transparency of volunteer- up with the economy. This may mean program reports that between 1986 and monitored waters (primarily lakes and the dissolution of some programs, and

40 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE cutbacks in others. Cutbacks often mean in all kinds of ways, such as planning, Participating lake associations use their fewer staff to support the volunteers – implementing and evaluating shoreline own data to manage their individual organizing, training, and supplying them, restoration projects, cleaning up pollution lakes, and at the same time University of and managing, analyzing and reporting sources, upgrading the protection status Florida researchers use the comprehensive the data they collect. As we must of waterbodies, and advocating for sound statewide LAKEWATCH database to constantly remind those with the purse local land-use planning. answer a variety of scientific questions, strings, volunteer monitoring is cost- Also gaining traction is the “citizen- often published in science journals. effective but it isn’t free. science” movement, in which scientists It is EPA’s hope to partner with Another trend, and one that might and citizens partner in collecting data lake volunteer monitoring programs in help meet funding gaps in the future, on everything from worms to stars. implementing future statistically based is social networking. Some volunteer Some volunteers enjoy participating in surveys of the nation’s lakes. During programs are discovering the benefits of national or regional research studies, the summer 2007 sampling season for using Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and and researchers themselves are growing the first National Lakes Assessment other social networking tools to reach out increasingly aware of the talented (NLA), the Vermont Department of to their community, increase membership and dedicated pool of volunteer water Environmental Conservation (DEC) in lake or watershed organizations, raise monitors they may be able to call upon conducted a statistically valid assessment awareness of the role and achievements for help with their projects. Many of of its lakes alongside the NLA-selected of their programs, and energize a younger these projects are run along a “top-down” lakes and visited 50 lakes, about half generation of adults. The times they model – i.e., organized and implemented of which were also routinely sampled are a-changing, and so are volunteer by scientists to meet their research needs, by volunteers in the DEC-managed monitoring programs. rather than by the community to meet Vermont Lay Monitoring Program. Still another trend that has emerged community needs (the “bottom-up” Volunteers were informed ahead of time and solidified over the years is that model). However, as Eleanor Ely pointed when NLA sampling crews were going volunteer monitoring programs are out in the Summer 2008 issue of The to arrive on their lakes, and in some moving away from monitoring for its Volunteer Monitor, Florida LAKEWATCH cases were able to provide boats for the own sake, toward monitoring that leads to offers an example of a program that crews, as well as advice regarding lake action. Volunteer monitors use their data incorporates the strengths of both models. navigation and access. In Rhode Island,

Figure 3. Nancy Turyk teaches Wisconsin Lake Leaders how staff monitor water flow into and out of lakes through the use of piezometers. Photo courtesy of Bob Korth.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 41 Figure 4. Susan Knight, Wisconsin DNR, trains Mike Farina, a volunteer from Long Lake, Iron County, in aquatic plant identification. Photo by Frank Koshere. some volunteers conducted side-by-side will continue to explore possibilities for Rhode Island Watershed sampling with the NLA crews for later cooperation in future surveys. Watch Program, a analysis and comparison, using Watershed As the editors of the very first 1989 scientist-led volunteer Watch methods. Volunteers observed the issue of The Volunteer Monitor noted monitoring program, sampling, assisted crews with equipment in an overview article on lake volunteer since its inception in and their first-hand knowledge of local monitoring programs, “Lake country, 1988. She is long-time lakes, and contacted local news media it seems, is good country for citizen member of NALMS and to provide publicity on the monitoring monitoring,” a sentiment as true today as is currently its treasurer. events. In Michigan, the Department it was then. She is a founding of Environmental Quality added 21 member of the New England Chapter of additional lakes to the initial 29-lake Acknowledgements NALMS. survey effort to allow for a state-based This material is based upon work assessment. At two lakes also monitored supported in part by the National Institute Alice Mayio is an by Michigan’s Cooperative Lake of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department environmental protection Monitoring Program, volunteers sampled of Agriculture, under Agreement No. specialist in the side-by-side with the NLA crews using 2008-03530. It is contribution #5252 Monitoring Branch of their program’s techniques. of Cooperative Extension and the EPA’s Office of Wetlands, EPA welcomes future partnerships Agricultural Experiment Station, College Oceans and Watersheds with volunteer monitors, including more of the Environment and Life Sciences, in Washington, DC. sharing of information and tasks between University of Rhode Island. Since 1990 she has local lake experts and survey crews. coordinated EPA Volunteer monitors are important partners headquarters’ volunteer monitoring in the assessment and protection of the Linda Green is an ardent proponent and program. She also works on outreach and nation’s lakes, and state agencies and EPA supporter of volunteer monitoring. She has communications for EPA’s National Aquatic been program director of the University of Resource Surveys, including the National Lakes Assessment. x

42 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE NALMS at 30

What NALMS Means to Me

Reflections from Members

Doug Ball The that the goal of “forging any tidbit about these fish. I came across a Los Angeles Department of Water partnerships” among diverse groups notice for a NALMS conference and saw and Power including fishing groups, homeowner that two of the preeminent researchers attended my first NALMS groups, lake associations, volunteer on the topic, Drs. Dennis Cooke and Dan Symposium at Orlando in 1994 and monitors, and others has exposed me to Canfield, were giving several talks on was blown away by the energy and some different perspectives, which, while the matter in McAfee, New Jersey – at I the attitudes of the other delegates. I sometimes challenging, helps me to gain a an old Playboy resort. As it was driving was treated like an old friend even though broader view of aquatic resources and the distance from northern Virginia I decided I was meeting everyone for the first time. world in general. to take on two firsts on one trip – my first That experience has been reinforced from Above all, I enjoy the company and professional conference away and a (one- that time on and now, many of those that the many talents of my NALMS friends. time) Playboy resort! I met for the first time over 15 years ago I am in awe of the great effort and time I went to the sessions on the grass really are “old friends.” Well, carp and was immediately maybe I should say “long-time impressed with the knowledge of friends.” Another thing I like about NALMS is the speaker. I gathered as much There are many wonderful information as my young brain reasons that I have continued the goal of bringing applied science possibly could and called it a day. to participate in NALMS. Not Later that evening, while strolling the least of these is the access to bear on the many issues that around the resort, someone, and that members have to a wide I wish I could remember who it range of marvelous expertise in affect lakes and reservoirs and our was and thank them, asked if I our field – not only through the was going to the hospitality suite. highly acclaimed publications, collective use and enjoyment of them. I asked what that was and he said LakeLine and the journal Lake it is where everyone goes to talk and Reservoir Management, but – oh, and have a couple of drinks. the people themselves. All of the NALMS that so many people have devoted to He said he was going and I willingly people that I know, including researchers, this organization. I guess that one might followed. In the suite I saw many of the textbook authors, practitioners, and many describe the feeling I get hanging around faces who had spoken that day, including others have always been so willing to with NALMS people as “basking in the Denny and Dan. I gathered some courage share their knowledge and experiences. glow.” I am extremely grateful for all the to approach these two stalwarts of grass I always come away from the symposia contributions they have collectively made carp fame, and I guess a beer helped. with new ideas and renewed enthusiasm. to my personal and professional life. What followed was at least an hour-long (I find the discussions that are spawned discussion about the use of grass carp in by controversial presentations particularly my specific situation! It was fabulous. I fascinating.) Larry Butler could not believe these two distinguished Another thing I like about NALMS Reston Association gentleman would take the time to have is the goal of bringing applied science As a young resource manager such an in-depth conversation with an to bear on the many issues that affect not long out of school I had the job obvious rookie. lakes and reservoirs and our collective of researching triploid grass carp as a Needless to say I was hooked, like use and enjoyment of them. I judge that, possible aquatic vegetation management grass carp on a hydrilla-rolled dough ball. for too many groups, the concept of tool for the community of Reston where I joined NALMS, participated at many environmental stewardship consists of I worked (and still do!). As there was levels, got over my fear of presenting suing somebody else to fix a problem no Internet in the early to mid-1980s, I to crowds, learned a whole lot about instead of working on actual solutions. relied on various newsletters and phone lake and watershed management, visited conversations from which I could glean many great cities and places at NALMS

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 43 conferences (Banff anyone?), made ~ The All American Fly-In in the Houston long relationship with the organization. many life-long friends and now rely on hotel lobby as we launched paper The relationship started slowly at first by those many connections to help not only airplanes from the top floor in a race to attending the annual symposia, presenting Reston’s lakes, but also many others the bottom. papers, and meeting some people. The through the vast referral network that more meetings attended and people met – NALMS is. The willingness of NALMS ~ Jim Flynn and his ginourmous heart, the more I wanted to get involved. At first members to share information, and not always picking up the check at a group I served on committees. Involvement in just in a hospitality suite, is one of the dinner. committees meant meeting more people greatest assets of the Society. from other states, federal government, and Thanks, Happy Birthday, and here’s ~ Sledding on an old piece of plastic, in other countries – another bonus. People to another 30 years of keeping lakes in the falling snow, in Banff, in the middle of the like Bob Johnson convinced me I should forefront! night, with a bunch of other big kids. chair a committee on lake standards. If Bob thought I should – that was good ~ The hospital ship in Miami that doubled enough for me and it helped me advance Jane Dauffenbach as a dinner / gambling cruise. Swaying an issue I needed to address at my job as Aquarius Systems on the top deck gasping for fresh air, but well. After attending numerous symposia I have so many wonderful memories inhaling toilet exhaust instead! it was then time to help host a meeting in of NALMS that it’s hard to single out Minneapolis, in the cold of November, the best ones. Of course it is a with several other Minnesota serious organization of leading NALMS means meeting other NALMS members. professionals – one might even A while later I was invited say overachievers. The level people interested in lakes, to join the Board. Again, this of intelligence, dedication, and was a chance to get to know talent to be found there is truly who enjoy working together to more people and an opportunity humbling. I feel privileged to call to influence lake management. these people friends, and lucky to advance lake and watershed Soon my term was done, but Jeff have the chance to hang out with Schloss came calling – suggesting them from time to time. science and help others protect I should run for resident; nothing I was just a sweet young thing I thought of doing on my own in 1985 at my first conference in lakes for future generations. – but as with Bob’s suggestion Lake Geneva, terrified of what – if Jeff thought it was a good to expect, not knowing if I’d be idea, that was good enough for welcomed or ignored. By the time of the ~ Ducks trotting out of the elevator and me. After completing that tour on the banquet I had lunches and meetings and across the lobby at the Peabody-Orlando. Board, and hopefully helping advance the drinks with several members who made it Society, I thought my work was done. Not a point to be inclusive. It was impossible ~ Freezing outside on the bow of the boat so – Jim LaBounty came calling – saying not to catch the enthusiasm of the lake in Seattle heading to an island for dinner he needed another associate editor for lovers in attendance. and mistaking Captain Karl’s name over the Journal – I didn’t think I was editor While belonging to NALMS and the loudspeaker as “Cap’n Hurl,” for material, but again, if Jim thought it was a attending the annual conference provides which he will be always remembered. good idea, that was good enough for me. an excellent education and networking Shocking a nice lady later that evening So what does NALMS mean to me? opportunity, it is the free time that I after declaring that the cultural dancing NALMS means meeting other people remember best. Silly little vignettes play we had witnessed after dinner could not interested in lakes, who enjoy working in my memory . . . be likened to Chipeindales (okay, sorry – together to advance lake and watershed but it still cracks me up!). science and help others protect lakes for ~ Stuffing the exhibit hall balloon arch future generations. And in this process it into the elevator in Cincinnati for the ~ A cold misty autumn evening spent at means making friends – friends that can purpose of delivering it to the hospitality Sturbridge Village in Massachusetts. And last a career and beyond. room. The poor souls squished in the huge sneakers at the basketball hall of corners with their hair standing up from fame! static put us into fits of giggles! Spencer Peterson U.S. Environmental Protection ~ Frank Browne politely asking sweet Steve Heiskary Agency young thing Gina her name at her first Minnesota Pollution Control Agency I have not attended a NALMS NALMS conference in Denver. Her reply: I have been a NALMS member since meeting for several years now, but for the “Your worst nightmare!” 1983. Little did I know when I attended first 15 years of NALMS Harry Gibbons my first NALMS symposium in Knoxville and I had not missed a meeting. We were that I would begin to establish a career- in Portland, Maine for the pre-NALMS

44 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE meeting entitled International I wish for all new members We have had to bid farewell Symposium for Inland Waters and to a few members, always a sad Lake Restoration, the meeting at the same experience that occasion, but we celebrate their which NALMS was formed. I still lives and accomplishments. As have one of the original agendas I have had: intellectually President in 2007, I was fond of for that meeting in the Holiday including in every talk or speech Inn (Downtown). Recall the two stimulating interactions that lead the line “NALMS is about lakes, lobster tail dinners complete with but NALMS is people.” trimmings for $6.95? Ah, those to professional development, I stand by that statement were the days! That meeting today, and wish for all new attracted a huge European all rolled into a darn good time members the same experience contingency that I don’t recall was that I have had: intellectually ever matched again. NALMS was with friends. stimulating interactions that lead and still is a great bunch of folks to professional development, all to hang out with. rolled into a darn good time with friends. stature in the field. I met Denny Cooke (in Robert Thorsen the first ever Clean Lakes Classic!), Gene University of Connecticut Welch, Bob Johnson, and others who Gene Welch Joining NALMS a few years ago would become the backbone of NALMS University of Washington helped me appreciate three things I hadn’t in the early days. I recall the excitement Here are my thoughts on NALMS thought much about before. First is the of NALMS being put forward as an idea highlights – just personal impressions that critical role the organization plays in and its broad acceptance as a melting pot are not very equally distributed. preventing recreational lakes from falling of lake interests. It was a pivotal event in A. Jim LaBounty my early career, and the willingness of so into the abyss of intractable recovery. a. Saving the budget and the Society many eminent scientists and accomplished Second, I learned how tricky lake politics with a big Denver conference – practitioners to discuss lake management can be, given the limited political clout 1991. with “upstarts” was impressive; that of small lakes, the island-like behavior b. Saving LakeLine and $60,000 on openness has become one of the core of lake communities, built-in conflicts another magazine risk – 1992. values of NALMS over the years. regarding taxation-representation, and the c. Converting to four issues of Lake From there, I became an ardent overlapping jurisdictions and mandates and Reservoir Management per NALMS supporter, and feel that NALMS of government agencies. Without the year – 1997. has supported me throughout my career. objectivity of NALMS, many lakes would d. Persisting to secure Lake and The network that has developed over not get the treatment they need. Finally, Reservoir Management in “Current 30 years is truly amazing, and the joining NALMS helped me appreciate Contents.” the people who volunteer their time to professional benefits are very real. I have run it. I plan to maintain my membership progressed from member to committee B. The Minnesota quintet: and encourage others to join, if only to member to committee chair to treasurer to a. Bruce Wilson, Steve Colvin, Steve support our collective mission to protect president in our Society and from author Heiskary, and Dick Osgood as this freshwater resource. to reviewer to associate editor to editor- Presidents and steady, long-term in-chief for our journal. I have learned support and hard work for the a lot about applied limnology from my Society. Ken Wagner colleagues, who continue to be willing to b. Joe Shapiro research. Water Resource Services LLC share experience and lessons freely – and C. The Florida contingent: I have grown up professionally I endeavor to do the same. a. Presidents Dan Canfield and Mark with NALMS. The meetings that led Yet as instrumental as the Hoyer. to the formation of NALMS occurred professional side has been to my career, b. Leader of the SE conference – an during my first two years of post-college the social side has been equally important. important $$ contributor. employment with the NJDEP. I attended I count many NALMS members as my c. Leader in volunteer monitoring the inaugural NALMS meeting in personal friends, and enjoy spending programs. Portland, ME and was excited by the 800+ time with them as much or more than any d. Roger Bachmann and Claire people who were just names on papers to other friends. We have laughed, cried, Schelske – provocative lake me before then. I met my first consultant learned, grown, and aged together. We management research issues. firm employers at that meeting, although have reached a point in NALMS where D. Generous conscientious efforts of the it wasn’t until after graduate school that I our founders are mostly retired, but I am many (TNTC) faithful to keep the went to work for them. I had a drink with impressed at how involved and vibrant Society going. Richard Vollenweider and another with they remain – I hope to do the same. Bob Carlson, both people with real

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 45 “A NALMS Love Story” Doug Larson Portland, OR

If you don’t know where you are going, “It’s about 30 miles straight east of any road will take you there. Lake Geneva,” he said, his voice now Next Issue – ~ Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland raised considerably to block out the noise of a clamorous “ice-breaker” social event Winter 2010 In November 1985, I was scheduled going on in the background. LakeLine to give two papers at the NALMS “How do I get from there to Lake symposium in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. Geneva?” I yelled back into the phone, LakeLine The symposium was being held in a this time ending the sentence with a The winter issue of hotel that was formerly a Playboy club – muffled expletive. will feature “Northwest Lakes.” Playboy as in the glossy, risqué magazine “Again, I’m sorry, sir,” he replied. with the eye-popping foldouts. “When you get to the gas station, call here You will learn how these lakes My plane from Portland (Oregon) and we’ll send someone to pick you up.” to Chicago’s O’Hare airport had been He ended with a more ominous remark: are different from those in other delayed due to bad weather. As we “We may try to get the van there to meet regions and we’ll highlight a approached O’Hare, the lights of you in case the gas station is closed and Chicago’s suburbs were barely visible there’s no phone available.” (Ah, yes… variety of lake management through the clouds of blowing snow. By the days before cell phones.) the time we landed and had taxied over to I responded with another expletive, issues and success stories. a passenger off-loading dock, my watch this time fortissimo. This issue will also include a indicated that we were nearly two hours After saying good-bye and late. apologizing for my two profane summary of the 2010 NALMS Weeks before, when I had received utterances, I hung up the phone and the symposium’s information brochure, I headed to the baggage-claims section to Symposium, election results, read that a van would be at the airport to retrieve my luggage. “Great,” I thought, and award winners. transport symposium attendees to Lake “now find the bus.” Geneva. But when I arrived inside the As I made my way to the terminal terminal, no one from the symposium was where out-of-town buses picked up there to meet me. I called one of the airline passengers, I checked my watch. symposium organizers at the hotel to “Damn!” I said. It was getting very late: The young woman, sitting nearby, determine the whereabouts of the van. I The big hand had just passed the number apparently overheard us mentioning was told that I had missed the van because 12 and the little hand was pointing at the NALMS. She introduced herself and said of my delayed flight. The van driver, number 9. that she too was heading to the NALMS probably concerned that the highways At the bus terminal, I bought my symposium. Her flight from the East were becoming impassable due to the ticket and was told that the bus for Coast had also been delayed, forcing her snowstorm, had waited as long as he Milwaukee would be departing shortly. to catch a bus. could before deciding to return to Lake Luck was with me here, at least. The bus The bus soon pulled up in front of the Geneva. would not be crowded tonight, I observed. terminal and we climbed aboard, taking “So what should I do?” I asked Only a handful of passengers were seats near one another. En route to our patiently. “Stay here overnight and wait waiting. destination, we chatted about our personal for a van tomorrow morning?” Two of the passengers, who were lives and our professional work. (I believe “I’m sorry about all this,” replied sitting apart from each other, appeared to the young woman indicated that she the person on the other end of the line. be the kind of people who would attend a worked somewhere in Massachusetts and “But there’s a bus that departs O’Hare NALMS symposium: They were young, the young man in New York.) Outside, the periodically, bound for Milwaukee.” probably in their mid- to late-20s, and weather was cold and windy. And it was “Does it go to Lake Geneva on the they were both shuffling through some very dark, like the inside of a closet in way to Milwaukee?” I asked. papers that they had pulled from their Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, in the winter. “No,” he replied, “You have to tell briefcases. Neither one of the two Eventually, as we proceeded the driver when you board the bus that apparently knew the other. northward through blowing snow, a tight you’re going to Lake Geneva. He’ll We sat, waiting for the bus, cluster of lights began to appear up ahead stop and let you out at a crossroads gas occasionally looking at one another and through the bus’ windshield, indicating station along the highway about 50 miles smiling. Finally, I asked the young man some kind of settlement in an area that I north of Chicago.” if he, by chance, was heading to the correctly assumed was the boondocks. “How far is the gas station from Lake NALMS symposium in Lake Geneva. He The bus began to decelerate as the driver Geneva,” I asked, this time trying to keep said yes, expressing frustration that he had pulled off the highway and onto a dusty from yelling an expletive into the phone. missed the NALMS van. gravel road leading to a mixed assortment

46 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE of small buildings, one of which was a gas each okay?” he replied. He could have myself, curious that such a relationship station that was still open for business. asked for a $100 each and I’m sure we could bloom so quickly. After all, they The three of us grabbed our luggage would have gladly forked it over. had been perfect strangers when the three and disembarked. The bus driver waved He introduced himself (I have since of us first met while waiting for the bus to farewell, closed the doors, and steered the forgotten his name) and, motioning Milwaukee. I never found out – not then bus back onto the highway. The bus’ tail- toward the truck’s cab, said “I think we anyway. When the symposium ended, lights soon disappeared in the darkness can all fit in.” Then, with a laugh, he I bid my two young friends farewell, while the roar of the engine faded out in added: “Someone may have to sit on boarded a bus that returned me to O’Hare, the distance. Only the sounds of a few someone else’s lap.” and caught my flight back to Portland. cars passing by broke the silence. We We managed to squeeze ourselves in were now alone. The promised NALMS a single file, stretching from door to door, Postscript van was nowhere in sight. with our bodies compressed shoulder to A year later, in November 1986, We entered the gas station and I shoulder, hip to hip, thigh to thigh. NALMS held its sixth annual symposium asked the attendant if I could use his With its engine revved up, the pickup at Portland, Oregon. During an “ice- phone to call Lake Geneva. He motioned suddenly lurched forward, its rear wheels breaker” social gathering, I ran into my toward the phone and said to use it. I spinning to gain traction on packed snow two friends. They were together, hand in called the hotel. After several rings, while sailing across the highway and onto hand. “How are you,” I casually inquired. someone finally answered. It was not the a country road leading to Lake Geneva. “We’re married,” replied the two of them, person I had been talking to earlier. This As the old truck worked its way through cheerfully and in unison. And if they’re person identified himself as a night clerk gusty winds and drifting snow, we still married, they’ll be celebrating their with no affiliation with NALMS. I asked chatted with the driver about our personal silver wedding anniversary a few months about the van. “Sorry,” he replied, “I don’t selves and why we were attending a from now. I think it was the pickup ride know anything about a van.” convention of scientists at an old Playboy that sparked their romance. They sat side By now, the little hand on my watch club on the shores of a frozen lake in the by side while I sat between the driver and had moved passed the number 11 and middle of harvested cornfields. Thinking his dog. x was heading for number 12. And we were about how my trip to the symposium had stranded in an isolated gas station that gone so far, I began to ask myself that would soon be closing for the night. question. I looked at my two plainly worried Then, without any fanfare, lights friends, thinking “What now?” of the hotel came into view. Our driver The gas station attendant dropped us off at the front door, we paid had apparently overheard my him our fees, he thanked us, gave us a phone conversation. He called us over wave, and then drove away. Lugging our and asked where we needed to go. “Lake baggage, we struggled up some stairs and We'd like to hear Geneva,” I replied. He asked if we would into the hotel’s lobby. The clerk at the from you! be willing to pay someone to take us front desk checked us in and issued room there. “Sure!” we exclaimed in unison, our keys. I went up to my room, as did each Tell us what you think voices tinged with growing desperation. of my traveling companions, opened the of LakeLine. The attendant said that he had a friend, a door and dumped my luggage in a corner. local farmer, who could deliver us to Lake While sprawled on the bed, I checked my We welcome your Geneva. Once again, we applauded him watch: The little hand was on the number comments about for our deliverance. Checking my watch, 1 – or was it the number 2? I wasn’t sure. specific articles and the little hand was inching up toward the It didn’t matter. I woke up a few hours about the magazine number 12. There, in a matter of minutes, later, still sprawled on the bed and still it would be joined by the big hand. A new fully clothed. I thought it would be nice in general. day was about to begin. to just stay in bed until it was time to go About 20 minutes after the attendant home. What would you like had called his friend, a beat-up pickup During the symposium, I occasionally to see in LakeLine? truck pulled up in front of the gas station. ran into my two young companions who A crusty, middle-aged guy hopped out had braved the unknown with me a couple Send comments by letter and came through door, a burst of snow of days earlier. I began to notice that they or e-mail to editor whipping in behind him. “You the folks were usually together, often laughing and Bill Jones who need a ride to Lake Geneva?” he obviously enjoying each other’s company. (see page 3 for asked. We all nodded, vigorously. He While attending various talks and contact information). led us out the door and into a vicious workshops, I’d see the two of them sitting wind blowing snow horizontally. Pointing together. There they were at meals, the x to the bed of the truck, he shouted “Throw two of them, standing in line together and your suitcases in there.” “How much do then sitting together while they dined. we pay you?” I shouted back. “Is $10 Were they romantically linked, I asked

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 47 Affiliate News

wishes to support students studying in DNR Lake and River Enhancement an area related to lake and reservoir (LARE) funds to the general budget due limnology, ecology, or management and to the poor economy. will present two $1000 scholarships in All states are dealing with economic 2010. The scholarship may be used to pay issues and Indiana is no different. Over for education and/or research expenses. the past year, we’ve made the national Eligible applicants must be enrolled as news for our losses in the recreational a full-time undergraduate or graduate vehicle and manufacturing industries, cuts student in an accredited California, to our educational funding, and movement California Lake Management Oregon, Arizona, or Nevada college or of our industries to neighboring states and Society (CALMS) university. countries. Through it all, we’ve had our Palm Springs was the venue for All scholarship winners also receive best and brightest gems waiting to bring our 25th annual meeting. The dates were a one-year membership in CALMS, refreshment and relaxation after a hard October 7th and 8th. Hotel rates were set and the registration fees for the October day or week – our lakes. at a smoking-hot $65 (+tax) per night. 7-8, 2010 annual meeting were waived. We all thought that our lakes would The technical program is still a work The scholarship winners will have their continue to be protected through our in progress at press time, but drought, research summaries published in the unique LARE program. The program has reclaimed water, Salton Sea restoration CALMS newsletter and will be invited been protecting lakes since 1989 when and, of course, quaggas are a HOT topic to give a presentation at the 2011 annual the legislature established a $5 boat fee in southern California right now. October meeting. A committee consisting of with the support of citizens statewide. in the desert is gorgeous – we hope you academic and industry representatives will These funds provided diagnostic, made your reservations early at the Palm judge applications. Submitted by: Pete project feasibility, project design, and Mountain Resort (www.palmmountain. Alexander. construction funding for watershed land com). Plans for Friday included a tour of treatment practices such as wetland Coachella Valley! Chris and Paul Beaty Indiana construction, streambank stabilization, planned an interesting day featuring Lakes shoreline stabilization, buffer strip the Salton Sea, the Coachella Canal, a Management installation, and so much more. Local 45- acre water ski lake (in the desert!), Society on-the-ground efforts matched these funds the San Andreas Fault, Coachella Valley (ILMS) with money from bake sales, garage sales, agriculture, and a Date Shake – a desert The their local SWCD, or foundation funds. delicacy guaranteed to leave you wanting Indiana Lakes These efforts created unique relationships more! This is a fascinating tour of one of Management among lake associations, their watershed California’s most diverse areas. Beware: Society has been land owners, and local governments fall means turnover and nose plugs hard at work as they all worked together to improve will be allowed at our state’s largest keeping our Indiana’s lakes and streams. “accidentally” created lake. members in touch In 2003, the program expanded to and up to date with a scaled fee system allowing the DNR CALMS Scholarship the latest and greatest to fund aquatic plant management and The California Lake Management educational opportunities through sediment removal projects in addition to Society (CALMS) announces a our summer workshop series and about providing more funding for conservation scholarship to support students pursuing the greatest legislative issue affecting officers and law enforcement efforts a degree in aquatic sciences. CALMS Indiana’s lakes – the loss of our Indiana on Indiana’s lakes. Funding generated

48 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE annually totaled $3.7 million which Bringing Zooplankton Taxonomy, Ecology was used to improve the conditions on and Biology to a Wider Audience through Indiana’s lakes throughout the state. the UNH Center for Freshwater Biology In 2010, Indiana’s lake residents Zooplankton Key (taught by James Haney and users will not see the return on their and Amanda Murby) and a two-part boat fee investment in the form of lake session on Mapping your Watershed water quality or safety improvement. in Google Map and/or Google Earth Lake residents and other citizens who (taught by Cary Chadwick, Dave Dickson use the public waters of Indiana for and Shane Bradt). Geared for lake recreation have actively supported – both management professionals and stewards financially and with their time – these alike – these sessions provided simple New York State Federation efforts to help protect the valuable public tools for better understanding our lakes of Lake Associations, Inc. water resources of Indiana. They need to and watersheds. (NYSFOLA) be assured that an important element of Following the annual NEC-NALMS The New York State Federation of our state’s economic engine, good water membership meeting and dinner, Ken Lake Associations, Inc. (NYSFOLA) quality, is not sacrificed. ILMS is leading Wagner and his son Jeff led a tasting tour celebrated the 25th anniversary of the the effort to get LARE funds restored. of New England microbreweries and Citizens Statewide Lake Assessment Submitted by: Sara Peel. vineyards (yes, there are vineyards in New Program (CSLAP) at the White Eagle England!). Needless to say, the evening Conference Center in Hamilton last was great fun and a great networking May. CSLAP is the state’s premier opportunity! We discovered that it takes volunteer lake monitoring program and is longer to sample 30 beers than it does to coordinated by NYSFOLA and the New sample one lake. York State Department of Environmental Saturday was dedicated to a Conservation (NYSDEC). This year, 123 variety of technical sessions intended to sites will be sampled by volunteers in educate participants about the value of every corner of the state. community- based watershed and resource protection efforts by presenting successful New England Chapter of local projects and programs. New NALMS (NEC-NALMS concepts and techniques for monitoring The New England Chapter of and protecting their watersheds were NALMS (NEC-NALMS) reached a presented, and panel discussions milestone this year when it held its 20th stimulated interaction and cooperation annual regional lakes and watershed throughout the region, and collaboration conference. Hosted by the Massachusetts between citizen and government Congress of Lakes and Ponds programs. Associations, Inc. (MACOLAP), the two- But to help remind us all of why we day event was held at Worcester State are involved with lakes, Tom Gordon College in Worcester, Massachusetts, the (founding member and second president weekend of June 11 and 12.. In keeping of NALMS) reprised his acclaimed The 25th anniversary cake. with the prevailing current conditions, this presentation for the 2009 NALMS year’s theme for was Lake Management symposium held in Hartford, CT. Titled The highlight of the anniversary in Lean Times: Focusing on Practical “Loving Lakes – Soulfulness in Lake festivities was the presentation of the Solutions and Achievable Results – and Management,” Tom’s eloquent reflections “Lake Tear of the Clouds” award, we did just that! helped us all to explore our personal NYSFOLA’s highest honor, to Scott Friday featured intensive interactive connections with lakes. His stories of Kishbaugh, NYSDEC, who has workshops that provided hands-on environmental experiences, and the links coordinated CSLAP since the very training in a variety of topics, many with natural science served to reawaken beginning. A special tribute was paid to of which were taught by experts well- a deeper spirit of place, and hopefully, a Scott by CSLAP volunteer, environmental known by NALMS members. The more sustainable relationship with lakes journalist, and political cartoonist Mark workshops, which were generally two for all those who enjoyed his presentation. Wilson from the Shoreowners Association hours in length included: Nuisance Algae: Next year this regional conference of Lake Placid. His talk, Kid Kishbaugh Identification and Control (taught by Ken moves south to Rhode Island where it will vs. the League of Invasives will long be Wagner), Macrophytes: Key Native and be hosted by URI Watershed Watch and remembered. Introduced Species to Know (taught by RI’s state association of lake associations, NYSFOLA also honored Donald Amy Smagula), Pre-Invasive Freshwater Save the Lakes. Watch for details – we Keppel for his many years of service as Fish in New England: An Archaeological welcome suggestions for workshops, Treasurer and NALMS representative. Approach (taught by David Halliwell and speakers and topic ideas! Submitted by: Don is stepping down from his role Art Spiess), Zooplankton for Everyone! Elizabeth Herron.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 49 our organizations. Submitted by: Nancy network of contacts by having access Mueller to such a large network of professionals in the field of lake and reservoir management. In my own personal experience, I have yet to meet someone who isn’t willing to assist with a question or point you in the direction where you can get the answers you need. Submitted by: Julie Chambers.

Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association (OCLWA) This year OCLWA held its 19th annual conference at the Oklahoma City Zoo. The theme for the conference was Lean Oregon Lakes Association and Green with speaker presentations (OLA) focused on municipal stormwater, point OLA held its annual conference this and non-point source implementation, year in Corvallis on September 10-11, as well as green projects that have been at the Oregon State University campus funded through the American Recovery during an idle weekend for Beaver and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). football. The focus of the meeting was a Kid Kishbaugh artwork © Mark Wilson, Attendance was excellent, with over review of the Oregon results of the 2007 Shoreowners Association of Lake Placid. 100 participants registered. National Lakes Assessment. Planning is well underway for the 30th There were 30 Oregon water bodies International Symposium for the North sampled in this survey, and two of these as treasurer after nearly two decades American Lake Management Society, 30 sites were sampled twice. Shannon of service. Don played a vital role which OCLWA is proud to be hosting. Hubler and Leslie Merrick, at the in continuing NYSFOLA’s ties with It’s exciting as an affiliate organization Oregon Department of Environmental NALMS, and we thank him for his many to be selected and have the opportunity Quality, Laboratory and Environmental trips from Findley Lake to Chicago and to showcase both our state and region. Assessment Division oversaw this project beyond. Oklahoma has been an affiliate of and produced the report summarizing the NYSFOLA congratulates NALMS NALMS for many years (when we were findings. The report became available this on its 30th anniversary. Many of our own still called “chapters”). One of the benefits last June. Board members have served as NALMS of being associated with a national The 30 Oregon “lakes” were evenly Region 2 Representatives, which has organization such as NALMS is having divided between natural lakes and always strengthened the tie between the opportunity to build and expand our reservoirs. All but five of these lakes were in the Western Mountain ecoregion. Oregon had just two of the nine, level 3 ecoregions recognized nationally; the other Oregon ecoregion was Xeric West. There were three of these sample sites in the 4-10 hectare size range, five that are 10-20 hectares, four that are 20-50 hectares, eight that are 50-100 hectares, and ten that are >100 hectares. Oregon has about 3200 water bodies in the National Hydrography Dataset, but the 30 sample sites represented just 694 lakes in Oregon that met the NLA study criteria and had the private owner’s permission for access. The sampled population therefore was 30 ÷ 694 = 4 percent of Oregon’s inferred population. The national survey sampled 1028 sites from the 49,546 inferred population of lakes in the lower 48 states. This Don Keppel is honored for his years of service to NYSFOLA. sampling represents just 2 percent of the

50 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE available water bodies, but the selection In addition to forging partnerships, PALMS will be responsible for of these sample sites was designed to the ODEQ hoped to get ideas for soliciting project proposals, scoring provide proportional representation of enhancing the 2012 NLA in this session. each proposal according to the priorities the surface areas and ecoregions of the Ideas were plentiful and included designated by the state and approved nation’s lakes. Designing the selection greater use of remote sensing as a way within the grant Scope of Work, and protocol from the national perspective to both reduce the estimated $8,000 administering the reimbursement process did address the primary objective of the spent for each sample site in the 2007 for approved applicants’ projects. survey, but it skewed the distribution of NLA, and to simplify the required field PALMS has set a grant limit of reservoirs and lakes, surface areas, and work. Evaluating the extent of shoreline $24,000 per project. Eligible applicants ecoregions in the Oregon subsample/ disturbance was suggested as an example include non-profit organizations, lake While the study findings from of a remote sensing enhancement. All associations, municipalities, local Oregon supported those from the national agreed that riparian conditions at the high government and county conservation assessment, the disparity between the water line should be a factor in shoreline districts. All projects will be sample population and the true nature of appraisals when looking at drawn implementation projects. If additional Oregon “lakes” made further observations down lakes. The difficulty of collecting design or permitting costs are necessary difficult to justify. This complaint must sediment cores should be honored prior to the project’s start, these costs also be prevalent in the conclusions from with a thorough examination of these must be included within the estimated other states because sample site selection samples. As long as the NLA crews were project budget or applied as match. for the 2012 NLA will give a higher visiting ten perimeter sites at each lake, Projects can be located directly priority to proportional representation of a composite sample for cyanobacteria within a lake or upstream of a lake within lake categories at the state level. and microcystin from these shoreline the watershed but must contribute to The concept of a probabilistic survey locations would provide more confidence improved water quality of the lake. Each of lake condition was unusual for the two about these components than a single project must implement a BMP found dozen lake managers that were present for sample from mid-lake. The correlation in the PALMS BMP Manual. Types of this special session in Corvallis. that was demonstrated at both the national projects include, riparian buffer plantings, The time spent in Corvallis and state levels between some of the shoreline/streambank stabilization, discussing how a single sampling of stressors investigated suggests it would invasive aquatic plant removal, water multiple “lakes” in a probabilistic survey be worthwhile to establish an evaluation quality improvement projects, and many can capture the range of conditions that procedure for macroinvertebrates. more possibilities. lake cycles present may not have proved The time allotted for these Applicants will be responsible for convincing to all of the lake managers discussions seemed to pass quickly matching the total dollar amount of their present. This exchange, however, did and the impressions that came from the request with a 25-percent match in cash point out that a wealth of data does exist exchanges dominated the take-away or in-kind services. Documentation of all from the ongoing, systematic monitoring memories for the meeting. With the expenses and match must be submitted to of Oregon’s lakes and reservoirs. This results of the 2007 NLA in-hand, and PALMS for reimbursement. In addition, a data trove could and should be used to 2012 looming, the coming year could site visit by a PALMS Regional Director validate the results of the single sample generate substantial activity for OLA. is required for reimbursement to verify the visit of the NLA collection crew where Submitted by: Roger Edwards. project was completed per the guidelines the data overlap. Corroboration between of the grant. these datasets would justify the view Pennsylvania The PALMS Board of Directors has that they are equivalent, and so relax Lake developed project request forms to be the insistence on narrowly defined Management completed and submitted by applicants. methodology for sampling and analysis. Society The form will be made available on the This relaxation could go either way, (PALMS) PALMS Website, www.PALakes.org; with future NLA surveys accepting PALMS is please check the Website for follow-up samples/data from systematic monitoring proud to announce information at that time. programs, or varying the methods of that we have received We hope that our members take systematic monitoring to collect an NLA a PA Department of Environmental advantage of the opportunity that has sample. Doing so would offer a means Protection Growing Greener Grant in the been given to PALMS through this grant. of increasing sample size without undue amount of $250,000. If you are interested in applying for a cost by leveraging monitoring expenses. The goal of this grant is to provide grant through PALMS, please contact Sampling crews could be volunteered funding for small projects throughout your PALMS Regional Director for more when a lake selected for an NLA survey Pennsylvania to implement lake best information and to set up a site visit. was of interest to a local lake manager. management practices (BMPs) or PALMS would like to extend its The existence of unpublished monitoring control aquatic invasive species (AIS). thanks to the PA DEP Growing Greener data for Oregon lakes and reservoirs also The funding will also assist PALMS by Program for funding our grant request, provides an untapped source of candidates defraying some of the costs associated to Kerilynn Frey, our Executive Director for survey reference lakes. with hosting our next two annual for administrating our grant, and to our conferences.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 51 President, Lance Bowes for writing our grant application for this project. We could not have accomplished this goal without the hard work and support you have given to the PALMS organization. Submitted by: Gretchen Schatschneider.

Washington State Lake Protection Association (WALPA) As Washington State Lake Protection Association prepares for WALPA at the 3rd annual Lakes Day at the state capital in Olympia. our 23rd Annual Conference in Tacoma, ban the application of fertilizer containing our fresh water lakes. We have also found we can reflect on a busy few years phosphorus, and another would reinstate that this forum makes it easier for us to and look to a bright future with robust a State Lakes Program. Unfortunately, the share our information and achievements, membership and continued advocacy for bills have yet to clear the final hurdle, but including our landmark effort in making our region’s lakes. This year, we held our we have been making progress and are Washington state the first in the union 3rd annual Lakes Day at the state capital in achieving good name recognition among to ban phosphates in dish detergent. As Olympia where WALPA members engage our state’s citizens and legislators. other states follow suit, it is heartening their legislators on important lake issues. Being an affiliate of NALMS is to know that as a part of the larger group Major areas of focus include nutrient useful in these endeavors, as it eases the of NALMS, we will be there to share management, state-run lake and fresh dissemination of information between the challenges and successes of such water specific programs, and invasive our chapter and those throughout North an undertaking. Submitted by: Jacob plants and animals. More specifically, America. This has been invaluable as we McCann. x WALPA introduced two bills: One would continue to look to new ways to protect

52 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE Student Corner Dana Bingham

Student Nostalgia? in the professional family that NALMS members providing updates, inquiring can provide. We need the support of all if students would like to get involved in ith the potential to share NALMS members and affiliates to make NALMS (i.e., helping with newsletters, exciting research stories and this possible. finding funding to support future student endeavors, I can currently Initial steps have been taken to travel to the conference, etc.), and asking only share some nostalgia facilitate such an opportunity for students, for feedback. W most notably the NALMS board of To date, I have received a few from your past or current student days. I am amidst reading works by some directors is proposing a By-Laws change responses suggesting the conference familiar folks such as Boyde, Hutchinson, in Oklahoma that would change one of expenses make things unaffordable for Kuhn, Naunmann, Peters, Popper, Rutner, the NALMS at-large board positions students to attend. Out of curiosity, I and Wetzel. I sit anxiously drinking to a Student Board position. If passed, compared NALMS student registration cups of coffee trying to absorb as much the student representative will attend and membership fees to other aquatic information as possible, identify the all NALMS board meetings and vote oriented societies. NALMS cost critical concepts, and understand the on issues based on the student’s interest falls in the middle and NALMS scientific application of the information as a whole. In the 30 years of NALMS registration includes meals, whereas overwhelming my head. I sit day and existence, there has never been a student the other conferences do not (Figure night reading, thinking, reading, thinking representative, so this is a huge step 1). NALMS student’s registrations are more, and occasionally taking a break to forward in supporting the students! Please also approximately half of the regular complete some analyses for my research. I vote for passage of this change. registration and there are student travel sit nervously anticipating what is to come Taking the next step to get more grants that depend on the amount of . . . you guessed it: my qualifying exam! students involved has proven difficult. money raised in the silent auction at It is probable that such a scenario I have contacted all 60 current student ( . . . continued on page 58) triggers some personal memory of being a student. If you are now feeling 450 nostalgic about your path as a student, 400 you may be remembering that although 350 the process was grueling, the rewards 300 were tremendous. There are an array of 250 memories from your time as a student; 200 stressful memories of an exam to Dollars US 150 memories of professional development 100 from participation atinternational and 50 national conferences. 0 Many of my memories of personal NALMS ASLO AFS OSM NABS and professional growth are from Organization participation at NALMS conferences. These are invaluable memories for me and Conference Registration Annual Membership I hope to help other students have such an opportunity, so one day they can look Figure 1. Comparison of student annual membership and conference registration fees among back and be nostalgic about their student aquatic oriented-organizations; North American Lake Management Society (NALMS), American days in NALMS. Therefore, I have been Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO), American Fisheries Society (AFS), Oceanic trying to increase student involvement Sciences Meeting (OSM), and North American Benthological Society (NABS).

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 53 registration fee if students work at the (STUDENT CORNER conference), (2) contact vendors and . . . continued from page 53) exhibitors (get more items donated for the student raffle or vendor and exhibitor the preceding conference. So even with sponsor a student for the conference), this aid students still need help to attend and (3) persuade academic advisors and conferences because travel is expensive. schools to send their students to NALMS. The fees are from the most recent If you have any ideas, I would greatly conference and include rates for the early- appreciate your suggestions. If we get a bird fee for student members. cohort of students involved now we can However, this short exercise further not only expand the NALMS family, but emphasizes the need for all NALMS secure our future! members’ to support the future of the society – the students. Active support Dana Bingham is of students is ultimately needed to currently a graduate provide the opportunity for students student working toward to become involved in NALMS, so a Ph.D. at University of they can personally decide NALMS is Florida. Her interest is an organization they want to become lake management and involved in and help to progress through her research focuses on the future. So, what are some plausible understanding changes ways to increase opportunities for in lake trophic status. students? Dana is the student representative of The following are a few ideas I have NALMS. x been contemplating: (1) adjust student fees (reduce conference registration, include annual membership fee in conference registration, or waive the

58 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE Worldviews Sharon Reedyk & Robert Morgan

elcome to “Worldviews.” Cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula, México This column will highlight the international character Roger Medina-González and Mark Brenner Wof the North American Lake Management Society by featuring the Roger Medina-González hole with water. There are an estimated activities of a NALMS member in an (Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán – 3,000 cenotes on the Yucatán Peninsula. international setting. We hope the column México) and NALMS member Mark Limnological characteristics of the will help build awareness of NALMS Brenner (University of Florida – USA) majority remain unknown. Few have been and encourage participation in NALMS have collaborated on limnological and studied systematically. world-wide. paleolimnological study of cenotes in Cenotes vary in size and shape. NALMS has been an international Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula since the Some are large and cylindrical and society since its inception. As of May mid-1990s. Cenotes are water-filled completely open like the famous Sacred 2010, the society had 940 members solution features, which lie in the Cenote at the Maya site of Chichén from 15 different nations, including (in region’s karst terrain. The name derives Itzá (Figure 1). Others have only small no particular order): Australia, Canada, from the Maya word d’zonot meaning a openings at the rock surface with little Mexico, Austria, Denmark, India, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Poland, China, South Africa, Spain, and the United States. Almost 8 percent of NALMS members come from Canada and 2.5 percent from other parts of the world. Of the 29 NALMS Symposia held, five were in Canada. NALMS members work on projects throughout the world. This column is a call to all those members to help throw a spot light on some of activities that take place internationally. Our first column highlights the work of member Mark Brenner and his colleague Roger Medina, who are conducting research in the Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula.

Figure 1. The Sacred Cenote at the Maya archaeological site of Chichén Itzá. At this inland site, the water surface lies about 20 m below the land surface. The cenote long fascinated archaeologists, and dredging and diving operations in the 20th century yielded numerous artifacts, including human remains, ceramic vessels, and trade items from afar (e.g., obsidian and jade). This cenote was probably used principally for ceremonial purposes, and another more accessible cenote at the site was likely the drinking water source.

54 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE or no light penetration. Most display underwater cave development. The water that fills these solution basins represents the local aquifer. Near the north coast of the Yucatán Peninsula the water surface lies just below the land surface (Figure 2). Moving inland, the water lies considerably below the rock surface (Figure 1). Cenotes near the coast may have fairly saline waters, while those of the interior are often fresher. Many cenotes first filled with water about 8,000-10,000 years ago. Since then, cenotes have played an important role in the environmental and human history of the region. Beginning about 3,000 years ago, the Maya used cenotes as sources of potable water. During the dry season from January to May, these water-filled sinkholes, along with local caves and constructed cisterns, provided the only reliable sources of water. Many high civilizations arose near major river systems. There are no rivers in the endorheic northern Yucatán. The Maya had cenotes. Most archaeological sites possess at least one cenote. Figure 2. Cenote Xlakah at the Maya archaeological site of Dzibilchaltun, only ~20 km from the Today, cenotes are recognized for the north coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. Note how close the water table is to the land surface. The role they play in supporting biological and cenote provides a cool break after a tour of the site. It is populated by a number of fish species cultural diversity. They provide habitat for (cichlids, livebearers, characins, and catfish), apple snails, and a host of aquatic plants. The pads many species of aquatic plants, algae, fish, of the water lily Nymphaea ampla can be seen. This was the primary water source for the human insects, crustaceans, mollusks, rotifers, inhabitants of this large center. cladocera, and protozoa, many endemic to the region and most poorly studied. They are also important water holes for resident and migratory animals. Some cenotes still serve as water sources and even sacred sites for the modern Maya people of Yucatán. There has been renewed interest in cenotes. In addition to serving as sources of water for drinking and bathing, cenotes are being exploited as tourist destinations (Figure 3). Along the Caribbean coast (“Maya Riviera”), cenotes have been developed exclusively for tourism. Stairs cut into the limestone walls provide access to the clear waters below. Unfortunately, many are being substantially modified before basic physico-chemical and biological information has been acquired. Other human activities affecting cenotes include fertilizer and pesticide runoff, swine and poultry operations, slash- and-burn agriculture, roads, and water withdrawal (Figure 4). Some are even used for solid waste disposal. Figure 3. Gran Cenote near the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. The cenote has been In recognition of the threats to the developed for tourism by virtue of its crystal clear waters.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 55 the University of Florida, where he is also director of the Land Use and Environmental Change Institute (LUECI). He teaches courses in limnology, paleolimnology, Florida lake management, and tropical field ecology, the latter in Yucatán, México. He has done fieldwork in México, Guatemala, Panama, Venezuela, Bolivia, the Galapagos Islands, Haiti, Dominican Republic, China, Cambodia, and Florida. You can reach Mark at: Brenner@ufl.edu.

Sharon Reedyk has worked on projects that assessed the feasibility of various lake restoration technologies and the impacts of landscape disturbance on water resources. She currently works as a water quality specialist for Agriculture Canada where she assists the agriculture sector address impacts of agriculture on water quality. She has served several terms as a director of the Alberta Lake Management Society and more recently, was the program co-chair for the 2008 NALMS conference. You can contact Figure 4. Cenote Chen Ha near the town of Dzityá, just north of Mérida. This cenote is badly Sharon at: [email protected]. polluted by runoff from a nearby pig farm. The area around the cenote has also become a place for dumping solid waste. Bob Morgan, PhD, PE Is the manager of environmental quality Yucatán’s cenotes and the host of faculty member in the for Beaver Water District environmental services they provide, Ecology Department of a public water provider researchers at Universidad Autónoma the Facultad de Medicina in Lowell Arkansas. de Yucatán (UADY) are undertaking an Veterinaria y Zootecnia He is responsible interdisciplinary program to assemble (Veterinary Medicine and for protection of the what little data do exist on these Animal Science) at the District’s source water, unique water bodies, and to collect new Universidad Autónoma de 31,000-acre Beaver Lake. x information as well. The team consists Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, of natural and social scientists, and their México. He teaches students. The objectives of the project are: classes in limnology, aquatic ecology and (1) gather fundamental data on cenotes, socioeconomic and political importance of (2) raise public awareness concerning environmental problems. He coordinates the importance of cenotes, and (3) the Tropical Field Ecology class for UF formulate management plans to protect students in Yucatán. You can reach Roger at: these valuable water bodies. Though [email protected]. cenotes have served the needs of people for millennia, they still remain relatively Dr. Mark Brenner poorly studied. The efforts of the UADY is a limnologist/ project will soon provide a better paleolimnologist with understanding of these unique systems. special interests in tropical and subtropical lakes and watersheds. Chemist-biologist Roger Medina-González He is a professor in is a limnologist interested in the karstic the department of aquatic ecosystems of Yucatán. He is a geological sciences at

56 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE Literature Search Bill Jones

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Covich, A. 2010. Winning the biodiversity Journal of Fish Biology Aquatic Sciences arms race among freshwater gastropods: Jones, N. E. 2010. Incorporating competition and coexistence through Gozlan, R.E., J.R. Britton, I. Cowx and lakes within the river discontinuum: shell variability and predator avoidance. G. H. Copp. 2010. Current knowledge on longitudinal changes in ecological Hydrobiol 653(1): 191-215. non-native freshwater fish introductions. J characteristics in stream-lake networks. Fish Biol 76(4): 751-786. Can J Fisheries Aquat Sci 67(8): 1350- Pedusaar, T., I. Sammalkorpi, A. Hautala, 1362. J. Salajõe, A. Järvalt and M. Pihlak. 2010. Journal of Forestry Shifts in water quality in a drinking water Edwards, P.J. and K.W.J. Williard. 2010. Conservation Biology reservoir during and after the removal of Efficiencies of forestry best management Hickey, V. 2010. The quagga mussel crisis cyprinids. Hydrobiol 649(1): 95-106. practices for reducing sediment and at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, nutrient losses in the eastern United Nevada (U.S.A.). Conserv Biol 24(4): Scharf, W. 2010. Rehabilitation and States. J Forest 108 (5): 245-249. 931-937. management of a moderately deep- stratifying reservoir by the use of nutrient Journal of Paleolimnology Environmental Management reduction and food-web management. Norberg, M., C. Bigler and I. Renberg. Huang, L., K. Sun, J. Ban and J. Bi. 2010. Hydrobiol 649(1): 77-94. 2010. Comparing pre-industrial and post- Public perception of blue-algae bloom limed communities in Swedish lakes, risk in Hongze Lake of China. Environ Journal of the American Water with implications for defining realistic Manage 45(5): 1065-1075. Resources Association management targets. J Paleolimnol 44(1): Damodaram, C., M. H. Giacomoni, K.C. 233-242. Wilson, C. and Q. Weng. 2010. Assessing Prakash, H. Holmes, A. Ryan, W. Saour surface water quality and its relation with and E.M. Zechman. 2010. Simulation of Journal of Phycology urban land cover changes in the Lake combined best management practices and Bellinger, B.J. and S.E. Hagerthey. 2010. Calumet Area, Greater Chicago. Environ low impact development for sustainable Presence and diversity of algal toxins Manage 45(5): 1096-1111. stormwater management. J Am Water in subtropical peatland periphyton: the Resour Assoc 46(5): 907-918. Florida Everglades, USA. J Phycol 46(4): Freshwater Biology 674-678. McEwen, D.C. and M.G. Butler. 2010. Journal of Applied Ecology The effects of water-level manipulation Kovalenko, K.E., E.D. Dibble and J. Journal of Plankton Research on the benthic invertebrates of a managed G. Slade. 2010. Community effects of Dzialowski, A.R. and J. William. 2009. reservoir. Freshwater Biol 55(5): 1086- invasive macrophyte control: role of Zebra mussels negate or mask the 1101. invasive plant abundance and habitat increasing effects of nutrient enrichment complexity. J Appl Ecol 47(2): 318-328. on algal biomass: a preliminary mesocosm Hydrobiologia study. J Plankton Res 31(11): 1437-1440. Atalah, J., M. Kelly-Quinn, K. Irvine and Journal of Chemical Technology & T. Crowe. 2010. Impacts of invasion by Biotechnology Tadonlk, R.D., J. Lazzarotto, O. Anneville Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) on Tsolaki, E. and E. Diamadopoulos. 2010. and J-C Druart. 2009. Phytoplankton the performance of macroinvertebrate Technologies for ballast water treatment: productivity increased in Lake Geneva assessment tools for eutrophication a review. J Chem Technol Biotechnol despite phosphorus loading reduction. J pressure in lakes. Hydrobiol 654(1): 237- 85(1): 19-32. Plankton Res 31(10): 1179-1194. 251.

Fall 2010 / LAKELINE 57 River Systems Effler, S.W., A.R. Prestigiacomo, A.J.P. Effler and C. Driscoll. 2010. Water quality patterns in a river-lake system from multiple drivers (Three Rivers, New York State). River Sys 19(1): 75-94.

Soil Use and Management Dermisis, D., O. Abaci, A.N. Thanos Papanicolaou and C. G. Wilson. 2010. Evaluating grassed waterway efficiency in southeastern Iowa using WEPP. Soil Use Manage 26(2): 183-192.

Tourism in Marine Environments Salk, R., I.E. Schneider and L.H. McAvoy. 2010. Perspectives of sacred sites on Lake Superior: the case of Apostle Islands. Tourism Mar Environ 6(2-3): 89-99.

William (Bill) Jones, CLM, is LakeLine’s editor and a former NALMS president. He can be reached at Indiana University’s School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Room 347, 1315 E. Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405-1701; (812) 855- 4556; e-mail: [email protected]. x

58 Fall 2010 / LAKELINE Plankton Charades! 1 I took 30 of my limnology students on an overnight weekend trip to the Indiana University Biological Station on Crooked Lake in northern Indiana recently. I do this annually to expose the students to a deep, glacial lake, to conduct additional studies in limnological science, and to have some fun. It is a voluntary trip and this year, a record number of students signed up to go. The Indiana University Biological Station was established on Lake Wawasee in 1894 and was the first station of its kind to be located on a freshwater lake in the United States. The station was moved to Winona Lake in 1899 and then to its present location on Crooked Lake in 1965, with financial support from the National Science Foundation. Anyone who has ever spent time as a student at an academic field station can remember it . . . usually fondly. Experiential learning in this way can’t be beat – both for the students and the faculty. The enthusiasm and scientific curiosity of the students is truly infectious. As the photos below illustrate, learning can be fun, too. While waiting to depart the station, the students engaged in a game of “plankton charades,” in preparation for a laboratory practical exam the following week. Can you identify the plankton illustrated in the photos? Send 3 your answers to me at: [email protected]. The winner(s) will be announced in the winter issue of LakeLine . ~ Bill 2

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