1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 NORWEGIAN WORLDHERITAGESITES Site (2015) Industrial Heritage - The StruveGeodeticArc (2005) The West NorwegianFjords (2005) The Vega Archipelago (2004) The RockArtatAlta(1985) stavechurchUrnes (1979) Bryggen inBergen(1979) Røros MiningTown (1980) andCircumference (2010) 6 2 6 8 Tel: 2294 0400-Fax:2294 Directorate forCulturalHeritage oto 16Dp 0034Oslo Postbox 8196Dep. UNESCO 3 www.riksantikvaren.no 5 Dronningensg. 13 : www.unesco.org 7 4 7 7

J¯MERK IL ET M Design/lay-out: Grimshei Grafiske, Lørenskog • Print: HBO As 11/17 2 4 0 1 0 6 Trykksak buildings from 1912. Notably, atRjukan,waterclosets were installedinall design, andtheywere facilities. equippedwithultra-modern country’s bestarchitects were commissionedfortheir housing, schools,hospitals,parks, etc.Someofthe company townsatbothNotodden andRjukan,with therefore tookonthe development andoperationof and dependableworkforce. Asacompany, NorskHydro factories andtransportarteriesrequired alarge, robust The developmentandoperationofthepowerstations, Company towns ’s atNotodden. area factory was amodel fortheworkers’ housing atRjukan. early example of thegarden cityconcept inNorway, and Villamoen forengineers andoffice clerks. Grønnbyen isan Town) with itshighstandard ofworker accommodationand built andoperateddistrictssuch asGrønnbyen (theGreen the Svelgfossfallsandthenby theHeddalsvatnetlake. Hydro’s arrivalboostedthespeedofdevelopment, firstat had contributedtothegrowth oftheplace.ButNorsk was atraffic hub,andtheactivitiesofTinfoscompany environ Notodden Norsk Hydro playedapartinthetownplanningand ht:Trond Taugbøl, forCulturalHeritage Directorate Photo: ment whenNorskHydro establisheditselfthere. It already hadthemakingsofanurban P Workers’ Town) housesinGrønnbyen(theGreen atNotodden. owner office formanyyearsand remains inNorskHydro’s painted Adminibuilding,whichwasthecompany’s head at Villamoenhigherupstill.Aboveitallreigns thewhite- Grønnbyen onthelevelabove andtheoffice clerks’housing factory area downbythe water, theworkers’housingat The areas are laidoutonterracesinthelandscape,with PerBerntsen Photo: M/F ”Storegut” HOTO Trond Taugbøl, Directorate forCulturalHeritage : ship, althoughproduction hasbeencloseddown. with twotrainsetssidebyondeck. thereabouts, andconstructed to140different models.The over othercompanies. offering housinggaveitanadvantage safeandmodern pure NorskHydro companytown,basedonthebeliefthat The townwasdesignedandbuiltfrom theground upasa population rose from afewhundred tomore than10,000. P Krossobanen cablecarwithoneofitstwogondolas. Rjukan PerBerntsen Photo: Tinfos II(2)hydropowerplantatNotoddenbuiltin1912. HOTO The houseswere builtinthe period1907to1925or PerBerntsen : was builtoveracoupleofdecades,asits and tobacco tothetown’s inhabitants. power supply, aswellthedistribution offood,clothing water andsewage system,street lighting andthecommon assumed responsibility forstreet androad construction, the financial helpwasprovided tochurches. NorskHydro also facilities andcommunityhalls. Considerablepracticaland gartens, hospitals,libraries,post offices, parks,sports Social infrastructure wasprovided, suchasschools,kinder organic urbanstructures, front gardens andopenspaces. design wasbasedontheEnglishgarden cityconceptof architects alsoproduced aholisticplanforthetown.The The housesatRjukanhadhotwaterandelectricity. - and into thesunlight. inhabitants up to thefootofHardangervidda plateau, the Krossobanen, acablecartocarrythe town’s Gaustatoppen mountain.So, in 1928,NorskHydro built for sixmonthsoftheyear, duetothe1883-metre-high Rjukan’s western valleylocationleavesitsunless Rjukan’s cable car Krossobanen – town andindustrialfacilitiesastheywere priorto1945. community. TheRjukanWorld HeritageSitecomprisesthe Hydro haddirect control ofmore than80% oftheRjukan By virtueofbeingthetown’s developerandowner, Norsk Notodden Heritage Site Rjukan– Industrial Unesco

UNESCO is the abbreviation for the ”United Nations Edu catio nal, Scientific and Cultural Organization”. UNESCO’s goal is to contribute to peace and safety through international coopera tion within these areas. The organization was established in 1945, and became a member in 1946. v The UNESCO convention for the protection of the world’s cultural and natural heritage Bryggen in Urnes Photo: Arve Kjersheim, Directorate for Cultural Heritage The convention for the protection of the world’s cultural and natural Photo: Arve Kjersheim, Directorate for Cultural Heritage heritage was approved in 1972, after cultural heritage and natural areas were increasingly exposed to threats from war, natural disasters, pollution, tourism or, more simply, neglect. The convention encourages all countries to promote the prot ec tion of cultural and natural heritage of both local and natio nal significance. The most important goal of the convention is to identify cultural and natural heritage of universal value. The need for a coordinated effort, both human and economic, was demonstrated Directorate for Cultural Heritage

by the international rescue of cultural heritage monuments in Egypt Directorate for Cultural Heritage and Nubia, when the Aswan dam was built in the 1960’s. Sixty The factory site at Rjukan with furnace house and boiler The valley floor at Rjukan is characterised by planned sett- Gatehouse at the old Skarfoss Dam. power station, site of the sabotage on countries, including Norway, participated. house. PHOTO: Per Berntsen lement. PHOTO: Per Berntsen PHOTO: Per Berntsen 27 February 1943. PHOTO: Per Berntsen Cultural and natural heritage can include monuments, single buildings or groups of buildings, cultural landscapes or natural areas. stream, along with an expansion of the processing facilities Lake Møsvatn at is regulated between In the years immediately following 1906, mineral fertiliser From Rjukan and Vemork, freight was by Norsk Hydro’s Eva Walderhaug, These can be created by nature, or by people in cooperation with Asgeir Spange Brekke for manufacturing artificial fertiliser. 918.5 and 900 metres above sea level. As a result, its from Norsk Hydro was sold for export under the name private railway as far as Mæl on the Tinnsjøen lake and then nature. They can be buildings representing important historic Røros Mining Town The Rock Art at Alta Photo: Photo: 2 2 developments, or natural phenomena of exceptional esthetic or Norsk Hydro’s artificial fertiliser production and the surface area varies significantly, from 78 km to 80,9 km . “Norgesalpeter”. The product had great significance for via Tinnoset on to Notodden. scientific value. heavy water sabotage at Vemork during World War II are This had huge consequences for settlement along the agriculture, both domestically and internationally. Slowly Norway ratified the convention on May 12.1977. The World pivotal to the history of the power plant. lake shore. Subsistence farming around the lake was but surely, agriculture was transformed from a natural Railways Heritage Committee has so far approved eight Norwegian nomi - The Rjukan-Notodden Industrial Heritage Site is built dramatic ally altered by the impact of this new technology. economy to a monetary economy. The Tinnos Line and the were the first nations to the World Heritage List. Beeing nominated as a World Heritage Site does not include any new form of legal protection, rather around four themes from the period 1905-1945: hydro- standard-gauge electrified lines in Norway and attracted it offers additional recognition and status. power, industry, transport systems and company towns. Licensing Acts Trade unions international attention for their pioneer work on railway statue in Rjukan centre with Såheim power The World Heritage Site covers 50 m2, with a buffer zone The Norwegian authorities realised that exploitation of This modern era of electricity and new industrial products electrification. This contributed to the internationally agreed Norway on the World Heritage Committee station in the background. Photo: Per Berntsen of 340 km2. Norway’s waterfalls needed to be regulated. Landowners is also typified by workers, through their trade unions, standard for electrification of the railways in 1910. The The World Heritage Committee consists at any time of the had been able to sell waterfall rights to speculators, both coming to constitute an independent and influential force in railway project was opened by King Haakon VII in 1909, representatives of 21 nations. The Committee’s primary mandate is Hydropower Norwegians and foreigners. In 1906, the first licensing acts the organisation of work and community life at the new and connected to the national rail network in 1917. to implement the World Heritage Convention. RJUKAN–NOTODDEN INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE SITE Norway has been a member of the World Heritage Committee on The natural conditions present in the landscape of this area came into force, and in 1907 proposals were made for industrial sites. two previous occasions, from 1983 to 1989 and from 2003 to 2007. form part of the universal value of the World Heritage Site. permanent legislation, incorporating the principle of The Vega Archipelago The West Norwegian Ferries Photo: Arne Aasheim Norway has also now been elected to the Committee for the period Photo: Cyril Ruoso The Rjukan-Notodden Industrial Heritage Site is about the In 1903, the engineer Sam Eyde (1866-1940) purchased the The production of hydroelectricity, through the Rjukan- reversion to public ownership. This entailed that the Transport arteries The ferries on Tinnsjøen carrying goods and passengers are 2017–2021. transformation of water into electrical power, which was Rjukan Falls. In partnership with physicist Notodden complex, made Norway a world leader. development of natural resources under private auspices In the pioneer period, power transmission was well the only ones of their kind on the World Heritage List. During As a member of the Committee, Norway will prioritise improving the protection of existing World Heritage sites and also contributing then used to manufacture artificial fertiliser. The products of (1867-1917), and with financial backing from Swedish The two hydropower plants at Rjukan, Vemork and would revert cost-free to the state after 60 to 80 years. understood, but knowledge had not advanced enough to World War II, the ferry D/F ”Hydro”, loaded with barrels of to a more representative World Heritage List. After more than 40 the two factories were transported out by railway and ferry. banker Marcus Wallenberg (1864-1943), he founded the Så heim were built in series. They are intimately related, enable transmission over long distances. Artificial fertiliser heavy water, was sunk by saboteurs, and now lies at the years, the developing countries in particular continue to be under- Two towns housed everyone who worked there. Norsk Hydro company in 1905. technically, architecturally and as elements of cultural Industry produc tion was therefore established close to the power bottom of Tinnsjøen as a protected cultural monument. represented on the List. The World Heritage Site is the story of Norsk Hydro, In 1906, Norsk Hydro acquired the Svelgfossen waterfalls heritage. The hydroelectricity was used to manufacture artificial stations. The two train ferries D/F ”Ammonia” and M/F ”Storegut” are It is also important to raise awareness through the involvement Norsk Hydro’s three power plants at Notodden have all of local communities and to highlight best practices in the manage - from its pioneer phase at Notodden to large-scale from the Tinfos company and built three separate hydro - fertiliser by means of new technology. The industrial also protected. ment of sites on the List through the World Heritage Leadership produc tion at Rjukan. It represents what is known, electric power stations: Svelgfos I and II and Lienfos near been demolished, but the Tinfos I power station from 1901 facilities at Notodden and Rjukan were extended after the For Rjukan-Notodden, the consequence was that Directorate for Cultural Heritage programme. Norway will also stress the importance of List nomi - historically, as the second industrial revolution, which was the test factories at Notodden. Here the new technology and the intact Tinfos II from 1911, with its Holtakanal water initial experiments in the test factory at Notodden in 1905. infra struc ture needed to be built to handle hydropower nations being made on the basis of professional assessments rather based on electrical power and the development of new was tested out before extending the damming of the supply, remain as features of the protected Tinfos cultural The two factories, with their electrochemical production expan sion, industrial development and the growth of two than political interests. A further goal will be a more holistic approach Møsvatn lake in municipality and the development of heritage and are part of the World Heritage Site. These towns. Initially, from 1909 to 1917, all transport was by to and management of the global natural and cultural heritage. industrial processes, the first industrial revolution having lines manufacturing this new artificial fertiliser for a global The Directorate for Cultural Heritage and the Norwegian Environ - Rjukan-Notodden Industrial been primarily coal-fired. Rjukan Falls with the construction of Vemork power station plants supplied power to the test factory before Norsk market, add to the universal value of Rjukan-Notodden. water between Notodden and the export port, via the locks The Struve Geodetic Arc Heritage Site ment Agency represent Norway on the World Heritage Committee. Photo: Trond Taugbøl, Photo: Bjørn Geirr Harsson, The Norwegian Mapping Authority in 1911. In 1916, Såheim power station at Rjukan came on Hydro’s own stations were constructed. on the watercourse.