CONFLICT IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The 27th Annual Norris and Margery Bendetson EPIIC International Symposium

and

First Annual Tufts Pugwash Chapter Discussion

february 22-26 2012 EPIIC tuftsgloballeadership.org/programs/epiic

EPIIC is an integrated, multidisciplinary program that was founded at in 1985. Through its innovative and inten- sive curricula and projects, EPIIC prepares young people to play active roles in their communities, whether at the local, national or global level. It is student-centered education that promotes the linkage of theory to practice and encourages moral respon- sibility, lifelong learning, and engaged citizenship. Each year, EPIIC explores a complex global issue that tests and transcends national sovereignty.

Past topics: 1986 International Terrorism 1987 The West Bank and Gaza 1988 Covert Action and Democracy 1988 Foreign Policy Imperatives for the Next Presidency 1989 Drugs, International Security and U.S. Foreign Policy 1990 The Militarization of the Third World 1991 Confronting Political and Social Evil 1992 International Security: The Environmental Dimension 1993 Transformations in the Global Economy 1994 Ethnicity, Religion, and Nationalism 1995 20/20 Visions of the Future: Anticipating the Year 2020 1996 Religion, Politics, and Society 1997 The Future of Democracy 1998 Exodus and Exile: Refugees, Migration and Global Security 1999 Global Crime, Corruption and Accountability 2000 Global Games: Sports, Politics, and Society 2001 Race and Ethnicity 2002 Global Inequities 2003 Sovereignty and Intervention 2004 Dilemmas of Empire and Nationbuilding: The Role of the US in the World 2005 Oil and Water 2006 The Politics of Fear 2007 Global Crises: Governance and Intervention 2008 Global Poverty and Inequality 2009 Cities: Forging an Urban Future 2010 South Asia: Conflict, Culture, Complexity and Change 2011 Our Nuclear Age: Peril and Promise

EPIIC’s main components are a yearlong academic colloquium for both undergraduate and graduate students; a global research and internship program; an international symposium; professional workshops; public service initiatives; and Inquiry, a national high school global issues simulation program.

EPIIC is the foundation program of the Institute for Global Leadership (www.tuftsgloballeadership.org).

Cover Photo and Symposium Banner Photo: Jacob Silberberg (EPIIC’01, TILIP’02) DEDICATION

TIM HETHERINGTON 1970-2011

“Tim Hetherington was much more than a war reporter. He had an extraordinary talent for documenting, in compassionate and beautiful imagery, the human stories behind the headlines… His work has raised the visibility of many of the world’s forgotten conflicts.”

-- Kenneth Roth, executive direc¬tor of Human Rights Watch; Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award recipient, 2004

EPIIC this year has been dedicated to the British photographer and film-maker, Tim Hetherington, a Board member of the Institute’s Program on Narrative and Documentary Practice.

He was killed while covering the war in Libya on April 20, 2011.

Hetherington reported on many of the world’s most critical human rights stories: conflicts in Liberia, Afghanistan, Darfur, and Libya. Symposium Program

Wednesday, February 22

Welcome Alumnae Lounge, 7:00pm

Peggy Newell, Acting Provost, Tufts University

Power Transitions in the 21st Century Alumnae Lounge, 7:10pm

Sami al-Faraj (EPIIC’87), Founder and Director, Kuwait Centre for Strategic Studies

Andrew J. Bacevich, Professor of International Relations and History, Boston University; Author, Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War

Ariel Levite, Non-resident Senior Associate, Nuclear Policy Program, Carnegie Endowment; former Principal Deputy Director General for Policy, Israeli Atomic Energy Commission

Lowell H. Schwartz, Political Scientist, RAND Corporation; former Adviser on Arms Control and European Security, International Security Affairs, Office of the Secretary of Defense

Zhang Qingmin, Professor of Diplomacy, Center for International Strategic Studies, Peking University

Moderator Cody Valdes, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Thursday, February 23

The Science, Technology and Ethics of National Security 51 Winthrop Street, 9:00am-5:00pm

A Pugwash-inspired discussion on Robotics, Neuroscience, and Cybersystems (please see later in the program for participants and specific schedule)

The Present and Future Battlefield: Cyberwarfare, Neuroscience and Robotics Alumnae Lounge, 7:00pm

Braden Allenby, Lincoln Professor of Engineering and Ethics, and Professor of Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, and of Law, at Arizona State University; Founding Chair, Consortium for Emerging Technologies, Military Operations, and National Security

Ronald Arkin, Regents’ Professor and Director, Mobile Robot Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology; Co-editor, Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots

Ariel Levite, Non-resident Senior Associate, Nuclear Policy Program, Carnegie Endowment; former Principal Deputy Director General for Policy, Israeli Atomic Energy Commission

Jonathan D. Moreno, Author, Mind Wars: Brain Science and the Military in the 21st Century; Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress

Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award Presentation to Dr. Moreno Ian Wahrenbrock, EPIIC Colloquium Member Capt. Wayne Porter (US Navy), Chair, Systemic Strategy and Complexity, Global Public Policy Academic Group, Naval Postgraduate School; former Special Assistant for Strategic Synchronization to the Chairman, US Joint Chiefs of Staff

Moderator Josh Youner, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Friday, February 24

“Mr. Y”: US National Strategic Policy Directions Cabot Auditorium, 10:00am

Antonia Chayes, Professor of Practice in International Politics and Law, The Fletcher School, Tufts University; former Under Secretary of the US Air Force

Lt. General Dirk Jameson (USAF, ret), former Deputy Commander in Chief and Chief of Staff, U.S. Strategic Command

Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award Presentation to Lt Gen Jameson Konrad Gessler, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Col. Mark “Puck” Mykleby (US Marines, ret.), Co-author (with Wayne Porter), “A National Strategic Narrative” as “Mr. Y”; former Special Strategic Assistant to the Chairman, US Joint Chiefs of Staff; former Deputy Division Head for the development of strategy for Special Operations Forces, USSOCOM

Capt. Wayne Porter (US Navy), Co-author (with Mark Mykleby), “A National Strategic Narrative” as “Mr. Y”; Chair, Systemic Strategy and Com- plexity, Global Public Policy Academic Group, Naval Postgraduate School; former Special Assistant for Strategic Synchronization to the Chairman, US Joint Chiefs of Staff

Moderator Aparna Ramanan, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Eye to Eye, Drone to Drone: The (De)Personalization of Warfare Cabot Auditorium, 12:30pm

Ronald Arkin, Regents’ Professor and Director, Mobile Robot Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology; Co-editor, Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots

Ami Ayalon, former Commander, Israeli Navy; former Director, Israel Security Agency (Shin Bet); Member, Knesset

Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award Presentation to Adm. Ayalon Marla Spivack, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Lt. General Dirk Jameson (USAF, ret), former Deputy Commander in Chief and Chief of Staff, U.S. Strategic Command

William Ostlund (US Army), former Commander, 2d Battalion (Airborne), 503d Infantry, Kunar Province, Afghanistan; former Deputy Commander, 75th Ranger Regiment, Fort Benning, Security Studies Fellow, The Fletcher School, Tufts University

Col. Ferdinand Safari, Defense Attache, Rwandan Embassy

Susannah Sirkin, Deputy Director, Physicians for Human Rights

Discussant Wendell Wallach, Chair, Working Research Group in Technology and Ethics, Yale University

Moderator Ellie Caple, EPIIC Colloquium Member #Power: Youth, Technology and the State Cabot Auditorium, 2:30pm

Amir (EPIIC’86), Author, Zahra’s Paradise

Montasser Jemmali, Student, Faculty of Legal, Political and Social Sciences, Tunis; President and Founder, League of Young Patriots

Sherif Mansour, Senior Program Officer, Middle East and North Africa, Freedom House; Cofounder, International Quranic Center, Washington, DC

Adam White (EPIIC’08 and ‘09), Cofounder, Groupshot

Oliver Wilcox (EPIIC’91), Senior Development Advisor, Middle East Bureau, US Agency for International Development

Alumni Recognition Award Presentation to Mr. Wilcox Matt Sanda, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Student Presentations NIMEP Tunisia Group: Stephanos Karavas and Seth Rau, NIMEP Co-Chairs Seoul National University Delegation

Moderator Agree Ahmed, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Welcome/Introductions/Recognition Cabot Auditorium, 6:30pm

Welcomes -- Video Welcome from Tufts University President -- Dawn Terkla, Associate Provost -- Sherman Teichman, Director, Institute for Global Leadership

-- Welcome on behalf of the EPIIC 2011-12 Colloquium, Christina Goldbaum, EPIIC Colloquium Member -- Welcome to International Delegations, Regina Smedinghoff, EPIIC Colloquium Member

-- Announcement of Expert-led Discussion Sessions, Hyomi Carty, EPIIC Colloquium Member

-- Alumni Award Presentation to Amir (EPIIC’86), Iranian Activist; Graham Starr, EPIIC Colloquium Member -- Alumni Award Presentation to Audrey Tomason (EPIIC’97), Sherman Teichman, Institute for Global Leadership

-- Recognition of Lt. Anne Gibbon, Naval Special Warfare Development Group, US Navy and ALLIES Adviser and Welcome to ALLIES Delegations from the US Military Academies, Sherman Teichman, Director, Institute for Global Leadership

Dr. Jean Mayer Award Keynote Address: The Better Angels of our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined Cabot Auditorium, 6:45pm

Steven Pinker, Author, The Better Angels of our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined; Professor of Psychology,

Dr. Jean Mayer Alumni Award Presentation to Dr. Pinker Eric Sinski, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Discussant Christopher Lydon, Journalist; Host, Radio Open Source Responsibility to Protect, Right to Prosecute? Cabot Auditorium, 8:00pm

Alex de Waal, Executive Director, World Peace Foundation; Research Professor, The Fletcher School, Tufts University; former Senior Advisor, African Union High Level Implementation Panel for Sudan

EPIIC Colloquium Recognition Award Presentation to Dr. De Waal Kathryn Olson, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Lt. Col. John Maier, Army Senior Service College Fellow, The Fletcher School, Tufts University; Judge Advocate, US Army

Kishore Mandhyan, Deputy Political Director and former Deputy Director of Political, Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Affairs, Executive Office, United Nations Secretary-General

Alumni Recognition Award Presentation to Dr. Mandhyan Emily Clayton, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Susannah Sirkin, Deputy Director, Physicians for Human Rights

Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award Presentation to Ms. Sirkin Chloe Tomlinson, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Abiodun Williams, Acting Senior Vice President, Center for Conflict Management, US Institute of Peace; former Director of Strategic Planning, Office of the United National Secretary-General

Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award Presentation to Dr. Williams Rebecca Dewey, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Student Presentation EPIIC Uganda Group: Christina Goldbaum, Marlie Ruck, Chloe Tomlinson, Ian Wahrenbrock

Moderator Amy Calfas, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Saturday, February 25

Money, Munitions, and Markets: The Perpetuation of Conflict Cabot Auditorium, 10:00am

Mark Baillie, King’s College, London, War Studies Dept.; Consultant, AKE Ltd

Jack Blum, Attorney, specializing in issues of money laundering, financial crime, and international tax evasion; former Investigator, US Senate Foreign Relations Committee

Angelica Duran Martinez, PhD Candidate, Brown University; Co-author, “Does illegality breed violence?: Drug trafficking and state-sponsored protection rackets”

Andrew Feinstein, Author, The Shadow World: Inside the Global Arms Trade; Founding Director, Corruption Watch

Andrew Kain, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, AKE; former Member and Instructor, Special Air Service Regiment, United Kingdom

Peter Rosenblum, Clinical Professor, Human Rights Law, Columbia Law School

Dick Simon, Co-founder, Peace Action Network, Young Presidents’ Organization; Chair, Presidents Action Network Chapter, World Presidents’ Organization

Moderator Angela Lyonsjustus, EPIIC Colloquium Member Resource Wars and the Changing Climate of Conflict Cabot Auditorium, 2:00pm

Sami al-Faraj (EPIIC’87), Founder and Director, Kuwait Centre for Strategic Studies

Abbas Maleki, Associate Professor of Energy Policy, MIT

William Moomaw, Professor of International Environmental Policy, The Fletcher School, Tufts University

Peter Rosenblum, Clinical Professor, Human Rights Law, Columbia Law School

Moderator Sho Igawa, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Expert-led, Small-group Discussions Rooms in Cabot and Olin, 4:00pm

There will be sign up sheets at the registration table -- please sign up for the session you plan to attend before 3:30pm on Saturday

Counterinsurgency and Afghanistan Mark Baillie, King’s College and Pashtoon Atif, independent consultant, Afghanistan

Asymmetrical Warfare John Williams, Johns Hopkins University, and Guy Benjamin, Israeli Air Force

Track II Diplomacy: The Role of the Business Leadership Community in Regional and Global Conflict Negotiation Issues Dick Simon, Co-founder, Peace Action Network, Young Presidents’ Organization; Chair, Presidents Action Network Chapter, World Presidents’ Organization

People Power After the Arab Spring: A World Rising Up? Anne-Marie Codur and Maciej Bartkowski, International Center on Nonviolent Conflict

The Future of China Zhang Qingman, Peking University

Gender Issues in Conflict Susannah Sirkin and Physicians for Human Rights

The Future of Peacekeeping Nicholas Birnback, UN Peacekeeping in Somalia and Kishore Mandhayan, UN Executive Office

Cyber Conflict / Deterrence Lucas Kello, Belfer Center, Harvard University

The Radical Right and Democracy in Europe David Art, Professor, Tufts Department of Political Science

Risk Analysis and the Underworld Financing of Conflict Jack Blum, Investigative Attorney, and Andrew Kain, Founder, AKE

A Changing North Africa Sherif Mansour, Freedom House, and Montasser Jemmali, Tunisian youth activist

Israel and Iran Ariel Levite, Nuclear Policy Program, Carnegie Endowment; Ami Ayalon, former Commander, Israeli Navy; Abbas Maleki, Sharif University of Technology in Tehran; Masha Rouhi, Center for International Studies, MIT The Gulf Region Sami al Faraj, Kuwait Center for Strategic Studies

Mexico and the Drug Wars Angelica Duran Martinez, Brown University

Covering Conflict Daniel Bennett, Reporting War, Frontline Club

Global Health: Discussing the 2012-13 EPIIC Theme Ezra Barzilay, Centers for Disease Control; Mary Lee, Associate Provost, Tufts University; Gregg Nakano, Henry M. Jackson Foundation/Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Dahlia Norry, Tufts Undergraduate Global Health Network

The Media and Warfare Cabot Auditorium, 8:00pm

In honor of Tim Hetherington, Brendan O’Byrne, one of the US Marines featured in Hetherington’s and Sebastian Junger’s film Restrepo, will speak about his interactions with Hetherington and announce the inaugural recipient of the Tim Hetherington Award, offered by the Institute for Global Leadership’s Program on Narrative and Documentary Practice. There will also be a presentation of Hetherington’s photos.

Daniel Bennett, War Studies Department, King’s College, London; Author, Reporting War, a blog for the Frontline Club

Nicholas Birnback (EPIIC’91), Chief, Public Information, United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS)

Carlotta Gall, Senior Reporter for Afghanistan/Pakistan, The New York Times; Fellow, Nieman Foundation, Harvard University

Jeff Howe, Assistant Professor, School of Journalism, Northeastern University; Author, Crowdsourcing: How the Power of Crowds Is Driving the Future of Business

Gary Knight, Photojournalist; Co-founder, VII Photo Agency; Author, Evidence: The Case Against Milosevic; Founding Director, Program on Narra- tive and Documentary Practice, Institute for Global Leadership, Tufts University

Moderator Michael Fishman, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Sunday, February 26

Future Flashpoints Cabot Auditorium, 1:00pm

Sami al-Faraj (EPIIC’87), Founder and Director, Kuwait Centre for Strategic Studies

Alumni Recognition Award Presentation to Mr. al Faraj Sharmaine Oh, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Mowaffak al-Rubaie, former National Security Advisor, Iraq (under the Coalition Provisional Authority); former MP, Iraq’s Council of Representa- tives (Parliament)*

Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award Presentation to Mr. al-Rubaie Allison Schwartz, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Nicholas Birnback (EPIIC’91), Chief, Public Information, United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS)

Christian Parenti, Author, Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence Steven E. Miller, Director, International Security Program, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University; Editor-in-Chief, International Security

John P Williams, Program Manager, Asymmetric and Irregular Threats, The Johns Hopkins University

Student Presentations -- Konrad Gessler and Joseph Sax, EPIIC Colloquium Members -- Sharmaine Oh, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Moderator Andrew Maclary, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Post-Conflict Challenges and Building Peaceful Societies Cabot Auditorium, 3:30pm

Susan Bissell, Chief of Child Protection, UNICEF

Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award Presentation to Ms. Bissell Lily Anderson, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Alex de Waal, Executive Director, World Peace Foundation; Research Professor, The Fletcher School, Tufts University; former Senior Advisor, African Union High Level Implementation Panel for Sudan

Sahana Dharmapuri, former Gender Advisor on conflict and complex emergency situations, Office of Women in Development, USAID; Fellow, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard University

Zainab Salbi, Founder, Women for Women International*

Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award Presentation to Ms. Salbi Kathryn Olson, EPIIC Colloquium Member

Ervin Staub, Author, Overcoming Evil: Genocide, Violent Conflict and Terrorism; Professor of Psychology, Emeritus, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Moderator Rachael Alldian, EPIIC Colloquium Member

*confirmation pending Participant Biographies

Amir Amir is an Iranian-American human rights activist, journalist and documentary filmmaker. He has lived and worked in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Af- ghanistan. His essays and articles have appeared far and wide in the press. He is the author of Zahra’s Paradise.

Sami al Faraj Dr. Sami Alfaraj is president of the Kuwait Centre for Strategic Studies, which he established in 1997 as the first private consulting center on strategic issues in the Gulf region. He serves as an advisor to the Gulf Coordinating Council and is a consultant to the Kuwaiti government and to parliamentary organizations, private corpora- tions, and government agencies throughout the Gulf region. His areas of expertise include Iran’s nuclear program, insights into the policy of Gulf States towards Iran, Iranian interests in the Gulf and entire Mideast region, and a possible nuclear arms race in the Gulf.

Colin Allen Colin Allen has broad research interests in the general area of philosophy of biology and cognitive science, with particular interests in animal behavior and cognition. He has received funding from the National Science Foundation and several grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities for his work in digital humanities. His work on the prospects of moral capabilities in machines is also influential. Allen’s appointment at Indiana University is split between the Department of History and Philosophy of Science and the Cognitive Science Program, where he is currently serving as Director. He is also a member of IU’s Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior and adjunct professor in the Philosophy Department at IU. Allen directs the NEH-funded Indiana Philosophy Ontology (InPhO) project, is Associate Editor of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, and is Associate Editor of Noesis: Philosophical Research Online. Allen has over 100 book chapters, journal articles, and conference proceedings papers. His coauthored books include Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong (OUP 2009) and Species of Mind (MIT Press, 1997). He coedited The Evolution of Mind (Oxford University Press, 1998), Nature’s Purposes (MIT Press, 1998), and The Cognitive Animal (MIT Press, 2002). He is also coauthor of a logic textbook, Logic Primer, published by MIT Press, and co-developer of two logic instructional sites on the world wide web at http://logic.tamu.edu and http://www.poweroflogic.com. In 2008, Colin Allen was recognized as Faculty Mentor of the Year by Indiana University’s Graduate and Professional Student Organization. In 2010 he received a Humboldt Research Award, granted in recognition of a researcher’s entire achievements to date, from Germany’s Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

Braden Allenby Braden Allenby is currently Lincoln Professor of Engineering and Ethics, and Professor of Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, and of Law, at Arizona State University, having moved from his previous position as the Environment, Health and Safety Vice President for AT&T in 2004. He is the founding director of the Center for Earth Systems Engineering and Management, and the founding chair of the Consortium for Emerging Technologies, Military Operations, and National Security, at ASU. He is also an AAAS Fellow, a Batten Fellow in Residence at the University of Virginias Darden Graduate School of Business Administration, and a Fellow of the Royal Society for the Arts, Manufactures & Commerce. He was the U.S. Naval Academy Stockdale Fellow in 2009-2010, a Templeton Fellow in 2008-2010, and the J. Herbert Hollowman Fellow at the National Academy of Engineering in 1991-1992. During 1995 and 1996 he served as Director of Energy and Environmental Systems at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. His areas of expertise include industrial ecology, sustainable engineering, earth systems engi- neering and management, and emerging technologies. His latest books are Industrial Ecology and Sustainable Engineering (co-authored with Tom Graedel, 2010), The Theory and Practice of Sustainable Engineering (Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2011), and The Techno-Human Condition (with Dan Sarewitz, 2011).

Mowaffak al Rubaie Dr. Mowaffak al-Rubaie is an Iraqi politician and was appointed as a member of the 25-member Iraqi Governing Council by the Coalition Provisional Authority in July 2003. In April 2004,in recognition of his astute understanding of the risks and challenges faced by Iraq, he was appointed as National Security Advisor (NSA) by the Coalition Provisional Authority. He held this post for its full five-year term until April 2009, when he was appointed as an MP in Iraq’s Council of Representatives (Iraq’s Parliament), a role he held until Parliament’s dissolution in March 2010. Al Rubaie was a major contributor to the widely acclaimed document, “The Declaration of the Shia of Iraq”, which called for the protection of the civil rights of the Shia of Iraq. Many of the principles of this declaration were later incorporated into Iraq’s new constitution of 2004 under the Interim Governing Council. Al Rubaie was the interceder between the Iraqi and US sides in the handover of Saddam Hussein to the Iraqi authorities for execution. Al Rubaie showed Saddam mercy prior to his execution by requesting the guards loosen his handcuffs and personally received Saddam’s last wishes before his dispatch to the gallows. Al Rubaie played a decisive role in diffusing the slide into civil war in the critical period between 2005 and 2008 as he headed the national reconciliation program to reconcile Iraq’s warring Sunni and Shi’ite communities. Al Rubaie received international acclaim for his achievements in isolating Al-Qaeda from the Sunni mainstream and bringing the Sunni community to the negotiating table with the Shia-led government as well as his protection of Iraq’s vulnerable Christian minority. He was awarded the “The Annual Prize for Peace Making in the Middle East” at the House of Lords on 18 February 2009 presented by Lord Hylton of the Foundation for Relief and Reconciliation in the Middle East.

Ronald Arkin Ronald C. Arkin is Regents’ Professor and is the Director of the Mobile Robot Laboratory at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He also serves as the Associate Dean for Research and Space Planning in the College of Computing at Georgia Tech since October 2008. During 1997-98, Professor Arkin served as STINT visiting Professor at the Centre for Autonomous Systems at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden. From June-September 2005, Prof. Arkin held a Sabbatical Chair at the Sony Intelligence Dynamics Laboratory in Tokyo, Japan and then served as a member of the Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Group at LAAS/CNRS in Toulouse, France from October 2005-August 2006. Dr. Arkin’s research interests include behavior-based reactive control and action-oriented percep- tion for mobile robots and unmanned aerial vehicles, hybrid deliberative/reactive software architectures, robot survivability, multiagent robotic systems, biorobotics, human-robot interaction, robot ethics, and learning in autonomous systems. He has over 170 technical publications in these areas.

David Art David Art, an Associate Professor of Comparative Politics and European Politics at Tufts University received his Ph.D. from MIT in 2004. His field is comparative politics, with a regional focus on Europe. Professor Art’s research interests include extremist political parties and movements, the politics of history and memory, and comparative historical analysis in the social sciences. He is the author of Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe (Cambridge University Press, 2011) and The Politics of the Nazi Past in Germany and Austria (Cambridge University Press, 2006). His articles have appeared in Comparative Politics, German Politics and Society, Party Politics, and West European Politics. Professor Art is Co-Convenor of the European Consortium for Political Research’s (ECPR) Standing Group on Extremism and Democracy. During the 2008-2009 academic year he was a Max Weber Postdoctoral Fellow at the European University Institute.

Pashtoon Atif Pashtoon Atif is from Kandahar, Afghanistan, currently studying International Relations at Tufts University. Before coming to Tufts, he worked for the United Nations and international NGOs (non-governmental organizations) in Afghanistan and Sudan. In addition to studying at Tufts, he runs a Kandahar-based agricultural coop- erative that makes high-quality skincare products for sale in the United States. The cooperative was founded in 2005 by Sarah Chayes, who then served as special advisor to the former Chairman of the Join Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Mike Mullen. Since 2007, he has been working as an independent consultant for NATO, providing cultural awareness in the pre-deployment trainings for Afghanistan.

Ami Ayalon Ami Ayalon served his entire military service in the Israeli Navy, from his enlistment in 1963 when he volunteered for the navy commando unit. In 1969, Ayalon was decorated with the Medal of Valor, Israel’s highest award. In 1979, he was appointed Commander of “Shayetet 13” (Navy commandos) and received the Medal of Honor for having carried out twenty-two consecutive commando operations with no casualties. Receiving the rank of Admiral, he served as commander of the Israel Navy from 1992-1996. From 1996-2000, Ayalon served as Director of the Israel Security Agency in the wake of the Rabin assassination, and from 2001-2005 as Chairman of the Board of the Netafim irrigation company. In 2003, Ayalon launched, together with former PLO representative Sari Nusseibeh, a peace initiative called “The National Census” to collect signatures of literally millions of Israelis and Palestinians in support of a two-state solution. A Member of the Knesset since April 2006, he served as a member of the Knesset Foreign Affairs & Defense, Ethics, State Control, Labor, Welfare & Health, and Foreign Workers Committees. Ami Ayalon served as Minister without Portfolio from September 2007 until March 2009.

Andrew Bacevich Andrew J. Bacevich is Professor of International Relations and History at Boston University. A graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, before joining the faculty of Bos- ton University he taught at West Point and Johns Hopkins. Bacevich is the author of Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War (2010). His previous books include The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism (2008); The Long War: A New History of US National Security Policy since World War II (2007) (edi- tor); The New American Militarism: How Americans Are Seduced by War (2005); and American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U. S. Diplomacy (2002). His essays and reviews have appeared in a variety of scholarly and general interest publications including The Wilson Quarterly, The National Interest, Foreign Af- fairs, Foreign Policy, The Nation, and The New Republic. His op-eds have appeared in theNew York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, Boston Globe, and Los Angeles Times, among other newspapers. In 2004, Dr. Bacevich was a Berlin Prize Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin. He has also held fellowships at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, the John F. Kennedy School of Government, and the Council on Foreign Relations.

Mark Baillie Mark Baillie is a crisis management and business intelligence consultant to AKE Ltd., an international security and risk-analysis firm, and in 2011 he started a PhD on counter-insurgency at King’s College War Studies Department, London. He has lived or worked in more than 14 countries in the fields of security, finance, economics, business and politics as a soldier, foreign correspondent, diplomat, business consultant and think-tank editor. In that time he has dealt with deserts, guerrillas, jungles, terrorists, insurgencies, wild animals and storms at sea. He works in English, French, Spanish and Italian and has appeared widely in news media on terrorism and international relations.

Maciej Bartkowsi Maciej Bartkowski is the Senior Director for Education and Research at the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict where he works on academic programs for stu- dents, faculty, and professionals, curricular development, and global academic and educational outreach and research in the emerging field of civil resistance studies. He speaks regularly about civil resistance at different academic and policy forums, conducts research and writes on nonviolent movements and strategic nonviolent conflict. His recently co-authored articles include “A Human Right to Resist and Egypt: How to Negotiate the Transition” and “Lessons from Poland and China”. Cur- rently, he is completing an edited book project on Rediscovering Nonviolent History. Civil Resistance in Liberation Struggles and Nation-Making. Dr. Bartkowski holds the position of Adjunct Professor at George Mason University where he teaches a course on civil resistance. He has also done research at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, a traineeship at the European Parliament, was an European Union observer of the Lebanese parliamentary elections in 2005 and the OSCE election supervisor in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1997. He holds a Ph.D. in Political Science and M.A. in International Relations and European Studies from Central European University in Budapest, completed his undergraduate work at the American University of Central Asia in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, and speaks fluent English, Polish and Russian, as well as basic Ukrainian and German.

Ezra Barzilay Dr Barzilay is currently the Team Lead of the National Surveillance Team and the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), in the Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dr Barzilay received his Bachelor’s and Medical degrees from Tufts University, in Boston, MA. Dr Barzilay completed a residency in pediatrics at Emory University School of Medicine and then joined the Epidemic Intelligence Service corps at CDC to train in infectious disease epidemiology and is board-certified in pediatrics. Fluent in seven languages, Dr Barzilay’s field experience includes international public health interventions, foodborne outbreak investigations, and serving as a trainer and expert consultant for the World Health Organization.

Guy Benjamin Guy Benjamin is a Major in the Israeli Air Force.

Daniel Bennett Dr Daniel Bennett recently completed his PhD in the War Studies Department at King’s College, London. His thesis considered the impact of blogging on the BBC’s coverage of war and terrorism (2011). The project was completed in cooperation with the BBC College of Journalism and was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. He writes Reporting War, a blog for the Frontline Club in London, which explores the use of new media to cover conflict.

Nicholas Birnback (Tufts’92, EPIIC’91) Nicholas Birnback is currently the Chief of the Public Information Office in the United Nations Political Office for Somalia. Prior to his current post, he served as Chief of the Peacekeeping Public Affairs Unit in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Additionally, he previously worked as a Political Officer and served as the Special Assistant to the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary General at the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea. He has also worked as an Information Officer in Liberia and Sierra Leone, a Civil Affairs Officer and Special Assistant to the Deputy Commissioner of the UN Mission’s International Police Task Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and an information Officer and Acting Spokesman for the United Nations Mission in East Timor. He has also worked as an External Relations Officer for the UN Department of Political Affairs’ Electoral Assistance Division. His areas of expertise are peacekeeping and military affairs.

Susan Bissell Susan Bissell, the Chief of Child Protection at UNICEF, first joined the organization in 1987 in New York in what was then called DIPA – the Division of Information and Public Affairs. Following graduate school, she joined UNICEF Sri Lanka, working on education and CEDC - children in especially difficult circumstances – issues. Ms Bissell then moved to Bangladesh and continued to work in UNICEF with a focus on CEDC and education and child labor. In 1997, she began a Ph.D in public health and medical anthropology at the WHO Key Center for Women’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne. While completing her doctorate, she worked with Trudie Styler and the Bangladeshi film team of Catherine and Tareque Masud to produce the documentary “A Kind of Childhood.” Dr Bissell returned to UNICEF in 2001 as the Chief of Child Protection in India. In 2004, she transferred to the Innocenti Research Center where she managed the Implementing Interna- tional Standards Unit. She managed a number of reports, including a 62-country study on the implementation of the general measures of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and global research on the Palermo Protocol and child trafficking. As member of the Editorial Board of the report of the UN Secretary General’s Study on Violence Against Children, which was released in 2006, she has also been involved in follow-up activities that will advance the implementation of the recom- mendations of the UN study.

Jack Blum Jack Blum is a Washington lawyer who specializes on issues of money laundering, financial crime, and international tax evasion. He spent fourteen years as a Senate investigator with the Senate Antitrust Subcommittee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He played a central role in the Lockheed Aircraft bribery investiga- tion of the 1970’s which led to the passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and in the investigation of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International. He is currently chair of Tax Justice Network USA, and the Violence Policy Center.

Antonia Chayes Antonia Chayes is an international legal scholar and practitioner. Dr. Chayes’s career-long commitment to peace and justice has focused on teaching future leaders international law and politics toward the end of instilling in others both the skills and values to work toward a more stable and humane world. She is currently Visit- ing Professor of International Politics and Law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, where she teaches courses on international treaty compliance and the law and politics of international conflict management. Her research interests range across conflict resolution and peacebuilding; international courts; international organizations; nuclear strategy; nuclear weapons; international security and arms control; and treaty compliance. She joined Fletcher after a long career of teaching at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (1981-2003). She chairs the Project on Compliance and International Conflict Management at the Program on Negotiation at the Harvard Law School, which advises heads of government and corporations. She also served as Senior Advisor and Vice Chair of the Conflict Management Group, a non-profit international dispute resolution organization. As a Board member of United Technologies Corporation for 21 years, she chaired its Public issues Review Committee, and served on its Executive Committee until retiring in 2002. Not an academic alone, she has ventured to Washington, DC where she served as President Carter’s Assistant Secretary, and later, Under Secretary of the US Air Force for (1977-1981), where she was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. She has served on several federal commissions, including the Vice President’s White House Aviation Safety and Security Commission, and the Com- mission on Roles and Missions of the United States Armed Forces.

David Clark David Clark is a Senior Research Scientist at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, where he has worked since receiving his Ph.D. there in 1973. Since the mid 70s, Dr. Clark has been leading the development of the Internet; from 1981-1989 he acted as Chief Protocol Architect in this development, and chaired the Internet Activities Board. His current research looks at re-definition of the architectural underpinnings of the Internet, and the relation of technology and architecture to economic, societal and policy considerations. He is helping the U.S. National Science foundation organize their Future Internet Design program. He is past chairman of the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Academies, and has contributed to a number of studies on the societal and policy impact of computer communications. He is co-director of the MIT Communications Futures Program, a project for industry collaboration and coordination along the communications value chain.

Anne-Marie Codur Anne-Marie Codur, Senior Advisor at the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict, was a post-doctoral fellow at Harvard University and a research fellow at the Tufts University Global Development and Environment Institute. She has expertise in citizen diplomacy, people-to-people peace initiatives, and civil resistance -- notably in the Middle East and Mediterranean region -- as well as in sustainable development policies and environmental economics. While at Harvard, along with young scholars and leaders from the Middle East and North Africa, she co-founded the University of the Middle East Project (UME). UME is a nonprofit organization that has offered high-level academic trainings to more than 500 civil society leaders and educators from the Middle East and North Africa in the past ten years (from Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Qatar, Syria, the Sudan, and Tunisia). Anne Marie was the Academic Director of UME from 1999 to 2005 and Executive Director from 2005 to 2008. Anne Marie is also the co-founder of Newscoop, an online initiative connecting high school students and offering a forum for young people to produce and share news at the local, national and international level, giving them the opportunity to report on important issues for their communities that are rarely covered by mainstream media. In its pilot phase, Newscoop currently includes a network of about 25 high schools around the world.

Alexander de Waal Alexander de Waal is a British writer and researcher on African issues. He was a fellow of the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative at Harvard University, as well as pro- gram director at the Social Science Research Council on AIDS in New York City. De Waal is currently director of the World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He is also a co-director of Justice Africa, London. He joined the Africa division of Human Rights Watch, only to resign in December 1992 in protest of HRW’s support for the American military involvement in Somalia. He was the first chairman of the Mines Advisory Group at the beginning of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. From 1997 to 2001, he focused on avenues to peaceful resolution of the Second Sudanese Civil War. In 2001, he returned to his work on health in Africa, writing on the intersection of HIV/AIDS, poverty and drought. In 2004, he returned to his doctoral thesis topic of Darfur as the conflict there worsened. During 2005 and 2006, de Waal was seconded to the African Union mediation team for Darfur. In 2008, he became well-known as a critic of the International Criminal Court’s decision to seek an arrest warrant for Sudanese president Omar al Bashir. He is an editor of the African Arguments book series published by Zed Books with Richard Dowden, Director of the Royal African Society. De Waal also writes and published regular commentary on contemporary Sudan through his African Arguments blog Making Sense of Sudan.

Sahana Dharmapuri Sahana Dharmapuri is an independent gender advisor with over a decade of experience providing policy advice and training on gender, peace, and security issues to USAID, NATO, The Swedish Armed Forces, The United States Institute for Peace, international development consulting firms, and NGOs. She is currently a Fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights at Harvard University. Ms. Dharmapuri is the creator of the Carr Center’s Gender and Security Seminar series, which she has led since 2011. She has lectured on gender and security issues at a wide variety of institutions including, USAID, Harvard University, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Swedish Armed Forces International Training Center, NATO, and at three of the major U.S. combat and command centers. Her field experience includes Liberia, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, Israel and the Palestinian Territories, India, Uzbekistan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Ms. Dharmapuri served as the gender advisor on conflict and complex emergency situations for the Office of Women in Development at USAID from 2003 to 2006. She was an Investing in Women in Development Fellow at USAID from 2003-2005. Prior to her work at USAID, she worked in Washington, DC at The Ashoka Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, The Fair Labor Association, and the Center for Middle East Peace. Ms. Dharmapuri was selected to be a member of the American Council of Young Political Leaders in 1999. She is a member of the US Civil Society Working Group on the US National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security. She is currently a board member of Made by Survivors, an anti-trafficking organization dedicated to caring for survivors of trafficking.

Andrew Feinstein Andrew Feinstein served as an African National Congress (ANC) Member of Parliament in South Africa for over seven years. He was initially chairperson of the Fi- nance & Economics Committee in the Gauteng Legislature where he assisted in the establishment of a provincial Treasury and a new Economic Affairs Department. He also acted as economic adviser to the provincial Finance and Economic Affairs Minister and the provincial premier at the time, Tokyo Sexwale. He moved to the national Parliament in 1997. Roles included serving on the Trade & Industry and Finance Committees and the Standing Committee on Public Accounts (Scopa). He chaired the sub-committee that drafted the country’s Public Finance Management Act. He was later appointed Deputy Chairperson of the country’s Audit Commission. At a more local level, he served the constituencies of Johannesburg South and, after the second democratic election in 1999, Sea Point and the Atlantic seaboard of the Cape Province. Andrew resigned in 2001 in protest at the ANC’s refusal to countenance an independent and comprehensive enquiry into a multi-billion dol- lar arms deal which was tainted by allegations of high level corruption. His account of the deal, the corruption, its cover up and his attempts to investigate it are the subject of his first book After the Party: A Personal and Political Journey Inside the ANC. The fourth edition of this best-selling political memoir was published in the UK in June 2010. He now chairs the Friends of the Treatment Action Campaign, FoTAC, a UK based organisation campaigning for access to treatment for people living with HIV/Aids in South Africa [http://www.fotac.org/] and is a founding Director of Corruption Watch, an NGO using case studies of grand corruption to develop policy proposals to combat corrupt behaviour by corporations and governments. [http://www.corruptionwatch-uk.org/]. He works with anti-corruption NGOs, activists, investigators and prosecutors around the world. From January 2010 to July 2011 he was an Open Society International Fellow. His most recent book is The Shadow World: Inside the Global Arms Trade.

Carlotta Gall Carlotta Gall is a British journalist who covers Afghanistan and Pakistan for The New York Times. She started her newspaper career with The Moscow Times, in Moscow, in 1994, and covered the first war in Chechnya intensively for the paper, among other stories all over the former Soviet Union. She also freelanced for British papers (The Independent, The Times, and The Sunday Times) as well as American papers (USA Today, Newsweek and The New York Times). She is the co-author with Thomas de Waal, of Chechnya: A Small Victorious War. The book was awarded the James Cameron prize in the UK in 1997. Gall was awarded the Kurt Schork award for international freelance journalism in 2002, the Interaction award for outstanding international reporting in 2005, and has just been awarded the Weintal Award for diplomatic reporting by Georgetown University. In 1998, she moved to the Financial Times and The Economist, reporting on the Caucasus and Central Asia from Baku, Azerbaijan. From 1999 to 2001 Gall worked in the Balkans for the New York Times, covering the wars in Kosovo, Serbia and Macedonia and develop- ments in Bosnia and the rest of the former Yugoslavia. Since 2001 she has been based in Afghanistan, and today is a reporter with The New York Times in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Gall is featured in the Academy Award-winning documentary Taxi to the Dark Side (2007). She is currently a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University.

Daniel Holmberg Daniel Holmberg began his career in humanitarian aid in the South Sudan civil war in the early 1990s with the United Nations. He served with the International Com- mittee of the Red Cross between 1995-97 in the aftermath of the Rwanda genocide and on the front-line in the civil conflicts in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In the early 2000s, he served as a Country Logistics Manager in Iraq, Liberia and Northern Sudan. Most recently, Daniel was the Country Director in Pakistan for Action Contre la Faim/Action Against Hunger.

Jeff Howe Jeff Howe teaches multimedia journalism courses at Northeastern University. He was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University. He is a contributing editor at Wired magazine, where he has covered the media and entertainment industry, among other subjects. Prof. Howe previously was a senior editor at Inside.com and a writer at the Village Voice. In 2008, he published the book, Crowdsourcing: How the Power of Crowds is Driving the Future of Business, and writes the blog Crowdsourc- ing.com. In his 15 years as a journalist, Prof. Howe has traveled around the world working on stories ranging from the impending water crisis in Central Asia to the implications of gene patenting. He has written for U.S. News & World Report, The Washington Post and Mother Jones.

Arlen “Dirk” Jameson Lt. General Dirk Jameson served as Deputy Commander in Chief and Chief of Staff of U.S. Strategic Command before retiring from the U.S. Air Force in 1996 after more than three decades of active service. Gen. Jameson was responsible for directing the headquarters staff of 4,000 men and women and participating in numerous nuclear forums with the leaders of the Russian Federation Strategic Rocket Forces. Prior to his StratCom assignment, Gen. Jameson commanded the 14,500 men and women of the U.S. 20th Air Force, and was responsible for all U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, seven major subordinate units, operational training, testing, security and readiness. Gen. Jameson also served as the Chief of Staff, Strategic Air Command and commanded the USAF Strategic Missile Center at Vandenberg AFB, California. There, he directed the activities of the Air Force’s third largest base, staffed with 10,000 military, civilian and contractor employees. General Jameson had numerous other nuclear related assignments including Director of Command Control, Strategic Air Command, 4th Air Division Commander and Commander of the 90th Strategic Missile Wing. Since retiring from the Air Force, General Jameson has continued to serve in a number of private sector leadership positions. Montasser Jemmali Montasser Jemali is a Tunisian law student with a focus in common law,writer, poet and political activist. Born in the coastal city of Nabeul, Montasser grew up in Boucharray and Menzel Bouzelfa before moving to Tunis to attend law school at the Faculty of Legal, Political and Social Sciences. Since the 2011 Revolution, Mon- tasser has acted as a mediator between political parties and local communities across the ideological spectrum to improve communication and cohesion on a national level. Montasser is also the President and Founder of the League of Young Patriots, a group of youth supporting the representation of youth in the political arena. The League is rapidly expanding and currently has members in Tunisia, Morocco, Libya, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Lebanon, France, Belgium, and Spain. In September 2011, Montasser addressed the European Parliament during a conference on democratic transition in the Arab World as the sole representative for Arab youth. He has also spoken on youth engagement for the Government of Catalonia. He was selected recently as a coordinator between arab spring activist in the congress of EPP (european peoples party-the largest party in the European Parliament) in Marseille.

Andrew Kain Andrew Kain is Chief Executive Officer of AKE, Ltd. Following service in the 2nd Bn Parachute Regiment, Kain joined the Special Air Service Regiment in 1979. His active service experience includes taking part in the classic Special Forces Raid on Pebble Island during the Falklands campaign. As an Instructor in the SAS, he worked with other Government and International Law Enforcement Agencies and developed specialist techniques still in use today. Kain formed AKE Ltd in 1991 as a specialist risk mitigation company, which has today become an international market leader, with offices around the world, including in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as intelligence and insurance arms. He designed and delivered the first commercial safety course to prepare journalists for operating in war zones in 1993. In 1997 Kain established a link with underwriters in the Lloyd’s insurance market to demonstrate the value and benefits derived from mitigation training; since then the links with insurers have become much stronger and the benefits of training much clearer and firmly established. Kain with AKE has, since the mid ‘90s, been involved in successfully enabling clients to operate more effectively in hostile environments. He has also pioneered new approaches to the successful management and reso- lution of crises such as kidnapping; Kain has led AKE in its support to clients and in the successful resolution of a number of high-profile crisis situations. AKE, in co-operation with GAC, is currently providing and further developing services for maritime clients in countering piracy. He is author of the SAS Security Handbook, a regular contributor to international forums on issues of safety in hostile environments, a Fellow of RSA and President of the Mull Highland Games. Kain was also awarded a Testimonial on Parchment from the Royal Humane Society for saving life in 1981.

Lucas Kello (EPIIC’96) Lucas Kello is a joint research fellow in the International Security Program and the Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. He is exploring the implications of offensive cyber power for international relations. One aspect of his work involves the design of a conceptual framework for the analysis of cyber conflict and deterrence in the international system, while his policy research focuses on European and NATO institutional responses to emergent cyber threats. Kello has advised European Union (EU) authorities and the Estonian Government on network defense strategy and participated in the organization of the first EU-wide cyber emergency simulation (Cyber Europe 2010). He has also worked with the Spanish Ministry of Defense in various areas of security policy. Kello is a doctoral candidate in International Relations at Oxford University, where he received the Magdalen College Apgar Award. At Oxford, he has taught courses in international relations, security studies, the Cold War, the two World Wars and EU politics.

Gary Knight Gary Knight is the Director of the Program on Narrative and Documentary Practice at the Institute for Global Leadership, Tufts University. For the past 20 years, Knight has covered many of the world’s significant current affairs stories, including over 20 wars and many human rights issues, health care stories and natural disasters. He has worked in over 90 countries on every continent for the world’s leading media organizations, including Newsweek magazine for which he worked for ten years as a contract photographer. His work has been widely published by magazines all over the world, exhibited globally, and is in the collections of Museums worldwide. He has been the recipient of numerous high profile international awards. Knight’s early career began in South East Asia in the late 1980s, where he followed the traditional path of the photojournalist by living amongst the stories he was photographing, in his case the wars in Burma and Cambodia. By 1993, he had moved to the former Yugoslavia and become immersed in the subject that would come to dominate his photography during that period: that of documenting the effects of war on civilian populations, specifically war crimes and crimes against humanity. After pioneering the launch of the VII Photo Agency in September 2001, Knight followed the development of events in Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan. He was one of only a few non-embedded photographers covering the invasion of Iraq alongside the U.S. Marines. Knight is also a founder of the Angkor Photo Festival, a board member of the Crimes of War Foundation, a subject of the award winning CBC film on photojournalism “Beyond Words”, a trustee of the Indochina Media Memorial Foundation, Juror and past Chairman of the World Press Photo Award, Vice President of the Pierre & Alexandra Boulat Foundation, Chairman of the StopTB/WHO Partnership Advisory Board, permanent member of the Frontline Club Award jury, a brand Ambassador for Canon Inc and a contract photographer for Newsweek Magazine.

Mary Lee Mary Y. Lee is Associate Provost for Tufts University, Professor of Medicine, and former Dean for Educational Affairs at Tufts University School of Medicine. As As- sociate Provost, Dr. Lee facilitates multidisciplinary educational and global health initiatives spanning Tufts’ nine undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools. As founder and chair of the Tufts Global Health Council, Dr. Lee facilitates trans-institutional collaboration and commitment to active citizenship, with the aim to im- prove global health through mutually productive academic partnerships. Dr. Lee has a particular interest in how faculty development, leadership training, information technology, and open access can transform education and training, ultimately resulting in improved health of the public. Since the mid-1990’s, Dr. Lee has worked with a talented multidisciplinary team that has developed Tufts University Sciences Knowledgebase (TUSK), an open-source enterprise curriculum and knowledge management system that has won national recognition, and is used by a growing number of institutions in the United States, Asia, and Africa. Dr. Lee is technical lead for One Health Core Competency development for the USAID RESPOND initiative that is part of global USAID’s Emerging Pandemic Threats Program. Her current work involving over a dozen institutions across South East Asia will be able to take advantage of the network training models (including TUSK and mobile access) that she helped pilot in India over the past several years. As former Dean for Educational Affairs at Tufts University School of Medicine, Dr. Lee directed curriculum, evaluation, faculty development, and grants that supported the evolving education of future physicians. While fostering collaboration, continuous reflection and ongo- ing improvement among faculty, staff, and students, she led the school-wide effort to develop TUSM’s strategic plan for its new curriculum (2004-2006), and received the Tufts University School of Medicine Distinguished Faculty Award in 2006, and Distinguished Alumni Award in 2008.

Ariel Levite Ariel (Eli) Levite is a nonresident senior associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. He is a member of the board of directors of the Fisher Brothers Institute for Air and Space Strategic Studies. Prior to joining the Carnegie Endowment, Levite was the Principal Deputy Director General for Policy at the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission from 2002 to 2007. Levite also served as the deputy national security advisor for defense policy and was head of the Bureau of International Security and Arms Control in the Israeli Ministry of Defense. In September 2000, Levite took a two year sabbatical from the Israeli civil service to work as a visiting fellow and project co-leader of the “Discriminate Force” Project as the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) at Stanford University. Before his government service, Levite worked for five years as a senior research associate and head of the project on Israeli security at the Jaffee Center for Stra- tegic Studies at Tel Aviv University. Levite has taught courses on security studies and political science at Tel Aviv University, Cornell University, and the University of California, Davis.

Herbert Lin Dr. Herbert Lin is chief scientist at the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, National Research Council of the National Academies, where he has been study director of major projects on public policy and information technology. These studies include a 1996 study on national cryptography policy (Cryptography’s Role in Securing the Information Society), a 1991 study on the future of computer science (Computing the Future), a 1999 study of Defense Department systems for command, control, communications, computing, and intelligence (Realizing the Potential of C4I: Fundamental Challenges), a 2000 study on workforce issues in high-technology (Building a Workforce for the Information Economy), a 2002 study on protecting kids from Internet pornography and sexual exploitation (Youth, Pornography, and the Internet), a 2004 study on aspects of the FBI’s information technology modernization program (A Review of the FBI’s Trilogy IT Modernization Program), a 2005 study on electronic voting (Asking the Right Questions About Electronic Voting), a 2005 study on computational biology (Catalyzing Inquiry at the Interface of Computing and Biology), a 2007 study on privacy and information technology (Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age), a 2007 study on cybersecurity research (Toward a Safer and More Secure Cyberspace), a 2009 study on healthcare informatics (Computational Technology for Effective Health Care: Immediate Steps and Strategic Directions), a 2009 study on offensive information warfare (Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisi- tion and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities), and a 2010 study on cyber deterrence (Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks: Informing Strategies and Developing Options for U.S. Policy).

Lt. Col. John Maier Lt. Col. John Maier is an Army Senior Service College Fellow at The Fletcher School and also a former Army Special Forces Soldier, CA Officer, and now Judge Advocate. Maier serves in the U.S. Army National Guard. He is currently on Active Guard Reserve Status, as a member of the West Virginia National Guard. Prior to his SSC Fellowship he was assigned to the Office of Chief Counsel, National Guard Bureau where his last position was Deputy Chief of Operational Law and Counter- Drug Attorney, prior to that he served as the Office’s Executive Officer. His duties include legal advisement and review in the areas of Domestic Operations, National Special Security Events, CBRNE Consequence Management Capability, and Defense Policy. In addition he is the principal Legal Advisor to the National Guard’s Counter-Drug Program. He interfaces with DoD Policy thru the Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense Homeland Security and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Counter-Narcotics on a regular basis. Deployment experience includes: Operation Joint Guardian (1999-2000) as a Military Intelligence Officer, Opera- tion Enduring Freedom (2002) as an Operations Officer.

Abbas Maleki Abbas Maleki, Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister (1988-1997), joined MIT’s Center for International Studies as a Robert E. Wilhelm Fellow for the 2011-2012 academic year. Maleki is associate professor of political science at Sharif University of Technology in Tehran, director of the International Institute for Caspian Studies, and a senior associate of the Belfer Center’s International Security Program at Harvard University. Maleki served as Director General of PetroPar Institute, a research arm of the National Iranian Oil Company, from 1998-2000.

Kishore Mandhyan Kishore Mandhyan, the Deputy Political Director in the Executive Office of the United Nations Secretary-General, is a political scientist and specialized in international relations and organizations. He worked with the United Nations Civil Affairs both in Western Slavonia and Eastern Slavonia in Croatia and in Bosnia. Later he became Chief of United Nations Civil Affairs Mission for Bosnia-Herzegovina in Sarajevo. Between 2000 and 2003 he was head of the United Nations Liaison Office, UNLO, in Croatia. Later he transferred to Cyprus and Amman and has served, since mid-2004, as political advisor to Ashraf Jehangir Qazi, the UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy to Iraq. In early 2008, Kishore Mandhyan transferred to the UN HQ in New York and now works in the Executive Office of the Secretary General.

Sherif Mansour Sherif Mansour is the Senior Program Officer for Freedom House’s Middle East North Africa programs. He has ten years of experience working on democracy and human rights issues in Egypt and elsewhere in the Middle East. Mr. Mansour was a program manager for the Cairo-based Ibn Khaldoun Center for Development Studies for three years where he led a national coalition of NGOs as they monitored the Egyptian elections in 2005. He worked as a visiting fellow with the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy where he researched Challenges of Democracy and Women Rights in the Muslim World. He is a co-founder of the International Quranic Center in Washington, DC, an organization devoted to empowering moderate voices of Islam around the globe. He is a member of Network of Democrats in the Arab World and the Global Academy Network for Applied Strategic Nonviolent Conflict. Mr. Mansour has written many articles, reports, and book chapters on democracy and human rights in Egypt and the Arab world, including Annual Reports on Development of Civil Society, Democratization and Minorities in the Arab World (2003, 2004). He was honored by the Word Center for Human Rights in Egypt for promoting Freedom of Speech in 2004.

Angelica Duran Martinez Angelica Duran is a fifth year Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at Brown University from Bogota, Colombia. Prior to the initiation of her Ph.D., she was a Fulbright Fellow at the United Nations Secretariat in the Department of Political Affairs. Her research interests include Latin American politics, referenda in Latin America, cor- ruption, clientelism, and the relation between organized crime and politics. Her dissertation project explores variations in drug related violence in Colombia and Mexico and is funded by the United States Institute of Peace and the Social Science Research Council. She has coauthored “Does illegality breed violence?: Drug trafficking and state-sponsored protection rackets” with Richard Snyder in Crime, Law and Social Change (2009) and “The politics of drugs and illicit trade in the Americas” with Peter Andreas, forthcoming in Kingstone and Yashar, eds., Handbook of Latin American Politics, Routledge 2011.

Steven E Miller At the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, Steven E. Miller is Director of the International Security Program, Editor-in-Chief of the quarterly journal, International Security and also co-editor of the International Security Program’s book series, Belfer Center Studies in International Security. Previously, he was Senior Research Fellow at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and taught Defense and Arms Control Studies in the De- partment of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is co-author of the monograph, War with Iraq: Costs, Consequences, and Alternatives (2002). Miller is editor or co-editor of more than two dozen books, including, most recently, Going Nuclear (January 2010) and Contending with Terrorism (July 2010). Miller is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, where he co-chairs their Committee on International Security Studies (CISS). He currently co-directs the Academy’s project On the Global Nuclear Future. In this capacity, he has co-chaired two conferences on the regional implications of the nuclear renaissance, one in Abu Dhabi (November 2009) and the other in Singapore (November 2010). He also co-edited two special issues of the Academy’s quarterly journal Daedalus On the Global Nuclear Future (Fall 2009 and Winter 2010).

William Moomaw William Moomaw is Professor of International Environmental Policy at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, where he is the founding director of the Center for International Environment and Resource Policy, the Tufts Climate Initiative and co-founder of the Global Development and Environment Institute. He works to translate science and technology into policy terms using interdisciplinary tools. His major publications are on climate change, energy policy, nitrogen pollution, forestry financing and management and on theoretical topics such as the Environmental Kuznets Curve. He was a coordinating lead author of the 2001 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change chapter on greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and for the special report on renewable energy due in 2010. He was a lead author of three other IPCC reports (1995, 2005 and 2007). The work of the IPCC was recognized with the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. He also was an author for the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment on nitrogen and serves on the Integrated Nitrogen Committee of the EPA Science Advisory board. He was the first direc- tor of the Climate, Energy and Pollution program at the World Resources Institute, and directed the Center for Environmental Studies at Williams College where he held an endowed chair in chemistry. He has received Teaching Awards at both Williams and at The Fletcher School, and an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Belgrade for his work on sustainable development. As an AAAS Congressional Science Fellow, he worked on legislation that eliminated American use of CFCs in spray cans to protect the ozone layer, and also worked on energy and forestry legislation. Dr. Moomaw currently serves on the Board of Directors of The Climate Group, Clean Air-Cool Planet (which he co-founded), Earthwatch Institute, Center for Ecological Technologies and the Consensus Building Institute. He has facilitated sessions with negotiators of international treaties.

Jonathan Moreno Jonathan D. Moreno is a Senior Fellow at American Progress, where he edits the magazine, Science Progress. He is one of 13 Penn Integrates Knowledge University Professors at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also professor of medical ethics and health policy, of history and sociology of science, and of philosophy. In 2008- 09 he served as a member of President Barack Obama’s transition team. Moreno is an elected member of the Institute of Medicine/National Academy of Sciences and is a national associate of the National Research Council. He has served as a senior staff member for three presidential advisory commissions, including the current bioethics commission under President Obama, and has given invited testimony for both houses of Congress. Moreno has served as adviser to many non- governmental organizations, including the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He is a member of the Governing Board of the International Neuroethics Society, a faculty affiliate of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University, a fellow of the Hastings Center and the New York Academy of Medicine, and a past president of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities. He advises various science, health, and national security agencies and serves as a member of the Defense Intelligence Agency’s TIGER committee on potentially disruptive novel technologies.

Mark Mykelby Mark “Puck” Mykleby is a senior fellow with the New America Foundation’s Smart Strategy Initiative. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps following his graduation from the United States Naval Academy in 1987. During his career as Marine fighter pilot, he served in various operational, staff, and command billets and participated in combat operations in support of Operations Provide Promise, Deny Flight, Southern Watch, and Iraqi Freedom. From July 2007 to July 2009, he developed strategy for US Special Operations Command and from July 2009 until April 2011 he served as a special strategic assistant to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff developing grand strategy. Mark retired from the Marine Corps with the rank of colonel in July 2011. He has since joined LRN, a company dedicated to helping organizations build ethical, values-based cultures that inspire principled performance in business and in life.

Gregg Nakano Mr. Nakano joined the Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine (CDHAM) in 2008 as a Development Outreach Coordinator and is working to strengthen the interagency coordination in medical stability operations. Prior to joining CDHAM, Mr. Nakano served USAID’s Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) as a military liaison officer coordinating the USG’s interagency efforts during overseas disaster responses. Mr. Nakano provided coordination support in a wide variety of disaster response operations to include Hurricane Stan response in Guatemala, the Indonesia tsunami, invasion of Iraq, Bam earthquake in Iran and mudslides in the Philippines. In addition to helping strengthen the safety and security component of the Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) pre-deployment training in 2002, he initiated the establishment of the Joint Humanitarian Operations Course (JHOC), designed to educate military personnel on the existing USG di- saster response coordination mechanisms. He was awarded the Joint Civilian Commendation Award for his work as the USAID/OFDA Liaison officer at SOUTHCOM from 2005-2006. Mr. Nakano was commissioned in the Marine Corps where he served as an infantry officer during the first Gulf War and deployed to Los Angeles for the Rodney King riots. His academic background includes a Masters in Security Studies from the Fletcher School at Tufts University, as well as language studies at Fudan University in China and International Center for Persian Studies in Iran.

William Ostlund Enlisting in the Army in 1983, Colonel Ostlund served with the 1st Battalion, 75th Rangers and was stationed at Hunter Army Airfield through 1987. As a Staff Ser- geant, he transitioned to the Nebraska National Guard’s Long Range Surveillance Detachment and simultaneously enrolled at the University of Nebraska at Omaha and joined their ROTC program. Colonel Ostlund was commissioned in the Infantry and re-entered the active Army in 1990. He served as a Platoon Leader and Company Executive Officer in the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) – which included service in OPERATION DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM – and in the 75th Ranger Regiment. He commanded a mechanized infantry company in the Republic of Korea and then attended graduate school at The Fletcher School, Tufts University. Colonel Ostlund was subsequently stationed in Vicenza, Italy, where he served as the Southern European Task Force’s Chief of Operations and as an Operations Officer for an airborne battalion and airborne brigade. This assignment included service in the BALKANS and OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM. He then served in the Strategic Command’s Plans and Policy Division as the Chief, European Support Section and Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction Planner. Colonel Ostlund subsequently, commanded 811 paratroopers in 2nd Battalion (Airborne), 503rd Infantry Regiment – The ROCK – of the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. While in command of The ROCK, he deployed his unit for 15 months to Kunar Province, Afghanistan adjacent to Pakistan in the Hindu Kush Mountains in support of OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM. Upon return, Colonel Ostlund served as the Deputy Commander of the 3600-man 75th Ranger Regiment. He deployed to Afghanistan several times for a total of 15 additional months – he returned from his most recent deployment in August 2011. While deployed, twice he served as the Commander for a large Joint Inter-Agency Special Operations Counterterrorism Task Force. In addition, he served as the Task Force Liaison Officer to the Com- mander of International Security Forces Afghanistan for four months. Colonel Ostlund currently serves as a Senior Service College Fellow with duty at The Fletcher School and for a follow on assignment as a Brigade Combat Team Commander. In July/August 2009, Colonel Ostlund was published in the Military Review – Tactical Leader Lessons Learned in Afghanistan and has contributed to over a dozen books and articles.

Benjamin Paganelli Lt. Col Benjamin Paganelli (USAF, ret) is a partner and senior consultant with Viable International Applications (VIA) Unlimited, a research and consulting firm focused on success in the international community. In 2004 Paganelli attended the NATO Planning School and began his assignment as the chief air planner to NATO’s International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), Afghanistan and in the same role for the development of NATO’s first rapid response force (NRF). Paganelli joined the faculty of the United States Air Force Academy in 2007 and was named an Assistant Professor of Political Science in 2009. He is a combat veteran of Operations Northern Watch, Southern Watch, Iraqi Freedom, Enduring Freedom, and ISAF.

Christian Parenti Christian Parenti is a contributing editor at The Nation, a Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow at The Nation Institute, and a visiting scholar at the City University of New York. He has a Ph.D. in sociology from the London School of Economics. His most recent book is Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence. The author of Lockdown America, The Soft Cage, and The Freedom. Parenti has written for Fortune, The New York Times, Los AngelesTimes, Washington Post, Playboy, Mother Jones, and The London Review of Books. He has held fellowships from the Open Society Institute, Rockefeller Brother Fund and the Ford Foundation; and has won numerous awards, including the 2009 Lange-Tailor Prize and “Best Magazine Writing 2008” from the Society for Professional Journalists. He lives in Brooklyn, New York.

Steven Pinker Steven Pinker, a Canadian-American experimental psychologist, cognitive scientist, linguist and popular science author, is the Harvard College Professor of Psychol- ogy at Harvard University and is known for his advocacy of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of mind. A two-time Pulitzer Prize finalist and the winner of many awards for his research, teaching and books, he has been named one of Time’s 100 Most Influential People in the World Today and Foreign Policy’s 100 Global Thinkers. Pinker is the Chair of the Usage Panel of The American Heritage Dictionary and has served as editor or advisor for numerous scientific, scholarly, media, and humanist organizations. He has won many prizes for his books (including the William James Book Prize three times, the Los Angeles Times Science Book Prize, and the Eleanor Maccoby Book Prize), his research (including the Troland Research Prize from the National Academy of Sciences, the Early Career Award from the American Psychological Association, and the Henry Dale Prize from the Royal Institution of Great Britain), and his graduate and undergraduate teaching. He is also a Humanist Laureate, the 2006 Humanist of the Year, recipient of the 2008 Innovations for Humanity Award from La Ciudad de las Ideas in Mexico, the 2008 Honorary President of the Canadian Psychological Association, and the recipient of six honorary doctorates. His most recent book is entitled The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (2011).

Wayne Porter Capt. Wayne Porter as the new Chair of Systemic Strategy and Complexity under the Global Public Policy Academic Group. Porter most recently served as the special strategic assistant to former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Adm. Mike Mullen. His distinguished career in the U.S. Navy began with his commission in 1986. His tours have included Fleet Ocean Surveillance Intelligence Center, The USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19), Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), and the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. He co-authored, with Col. Mark Mykleby, the National Strategic Narrative, published by the Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars and subsequently cited in televised editorials on both CNN and MSNBC.

Peter Rosenblum With more than two decades of field experience, Peter Rosenblum is a dedicated activist engaged in monitoring abuses and supporting local and international hu- man rights groups around the world. Rosenblum, who earned his undergraduate and LL.M. degrees from Columbia, returned to his alma mater in 2003 to head the Law School’s pioneering Human Rights Clinic. Rosenblum brings a wide range of experience to his work in the clinic and in his role as co-director of the Human Rights Institute. Reflecting the interdisciplinary approach that is a Columbia Law School tradition, Rosenblum focused much of his early research on the intersection of human rights with trade and investment regimes. He has served as a human rights officer with the Geneva-based precursor to the Office of the UN High Commis- sioner for Human Rights, a program director of the International Human Rights Law Group and a researcher for Human Rights Watch and the Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights. Prior to joining Columbia, Rosenblum was the clinical director of the Human Rights Program at Harvard University. His research has taken him around the world, but his main focus remains Africa, where he has spent much of his career exposing corruption and promoting financial transparency in natural resource contracts. As part of the research and advocacy of the Human Rights Clinic, Rosenblum has led many student groups to Africa to ensure that such contracts increase the long-term ability of the people to benefit from their natural resources. The Democratic Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe are among the nations where they have focused their work. In one successful project, the European Commission invited Rosenblum and students, in partnership with Columbia University’s Earth Institute, to Liberia. As a result of their analysis and recommendations, a mining contract with one of the world’s largest steel producers was amended and passed into law by the Liberian parliament. Rosenblum writes frequently on human rights in Africa, international criminal tribunals and human rights pedagogy.

Mahsa Rouhi Mahsa Rouhi is a Ph.D. candidate in international relations at University of Cambridge, UK, and a research associate at the Center for International Studies, Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology. She received her B.A. in economics from Shahid Beheshty University in Tehran and a master’s degree in political theory from the University of Sheffield, UK. During her nuclear security fellowship, she is continuing her dissertation research and writing on Iran’s foreign and security policymaking, with a special focus on Iran’s nuclear-related policymaking.

Col. Ferdinand Safari Col Ferdinand Safari currently serves as the Defense Attaché at the Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda in Washington DC. He joined the Rwanda Patriotic Army (later transformed into the Rwanda Defense Forces) in 1990. He served as a Commander from Platoon to the Battalion level but also as Staff Officer from Battalion to the Defense Headquarter level. Col Safari commanded a Battalion on Peace Support mission to Darfur (Sudan) in 2006-2007. Prior to the current assignment, he has been serving as Director of Training at the Rwanda Defense Force Headquarters. Col Safari holds an MBA from the Maastricht School of Management (Netherlands) and is now on Distance Program from the United States Army War College, class of 2012. Apart from military education and training in Rwanda, he also trained from the Defense Staff College Nairobi, Kenya, All Arms Battle School Zimbabwe and Naval Post Graduate School in Monterey, CA. Zainab Salbi Zainab Salbi is the founder of Women for Women International and served as the organization’s CEO from 1993 to 2011. Women for Women International is a grassroots humanitarian and development organization helping women survivors of wars rebuild their lives. Since 1993, the organization has helped 316,000 women survivors of wars access social and economic opportunities through a program of rights awareness training, vocational skills education and access to income gen- erating opportunities, thereby ultimately contributing to the political and economic health of their communities. In its 18-year history, the organization has distributed more than $103 million in direct aid, micro credit loans, and has impacted more than 1.7 million family members. For its work “alleviating human suffering”, Women for Women International was awarded the 2006 Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize, becoming the first women’s organization to receive this honor.Zainab Salbi is the author of two books; a national bestseller “Between Two Worlds: Escape from Tyranny: Growing Up in the Shadow of Saddam” (with Laurie Becklund) that docu- ments her life under Saddam Hussein’s rule and “The Other Side of War: Women’s Stories of Survival and Hope.” Her work has been featured in major media outlets, including 8 appearances on “The Oprah Winfrey Show,” CNN, The Washington Post, and The New York Times. Zainab Salbi has been honored by Former President Bill Clinton for her work in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1993 and was most recently nominated by Former President Clinton as one of the Harper’s Bazaar 21st Century Heroines to honor her actions, faith and determination in making a difference. She is the recipient of the 2010 David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award and was named one of 22 members of the Clinton Global Initiative Lead program, which brings together a select group of accomplished young leaders to develop innovative solutions to some of the world’s most pressing challenges, among many others. Additionally, in 2011 Zainab Salbi was named one of the Top 100 Women: Activists and Campaigners by The Guardian and was highlighted as a Female Faith Heroine by the Tony Blair Faith Foundation. Also in 2011, Zainab Salbi was named by Newsweek and The Daily Beast as one of the 100 Extraordinary Women who Shake the World and was identified by the Economist Intelligence Unit as one of the most inspirational women in the world. Zainab Salbi is a World Economic Forum Young Global Leader and is a member of the UN Secretary General’s Civil Society Advisory Group focusing on the UN Security Council Resolution 1325.

Lowell Schwartz Lowell H. Schwartz is a political scientist at the RAND Corporation. In 2009 and 2010, Schwartz worked for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, International Secu- rity Affairs (OSD/ISA) as an adviser on arms control and European Security. His RAND research falls primarily into three areas: the evolution of strategic warfare from a bipolar to a multipolar world, including nuclear strategy and arms control; how public diplomacy/strategic communications can help shape public opinion abroad; and the potential impact of future security environments on U.S. national security strategy and defense planning. Schwartz is the author of Political Warfare Against the Kremlin: US and British Propaganda Policy at the Beginning of the Cold War (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009) and lead author of Barriers to the Broad Dissemination of Creative Works in the Arab World (RAND, 2009). In addition, he has coauthored more than a dozen RAND studies on national security issues, and his work has appeared in a variety of journals and newspapers including the National Interest, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, the Los Angeles Times, and the Baltimore Sun.

Dick Simon Dick Simon is co-Founder and Chair of the Young Presidents’ Organization (YPO) Peace Action Network (PAN), engaging business leaders throughout the world making a difference in areas of conflict and need. YPO has over 19,000 CEO members in 110 countries, running enterprises with aggregate sales over $8 trillion, third largest country equivalent GDP in the world. A successful serial entrepreneur and real estate developer, active social enterprise philanthropist and committed organic gardener, he is a passionate photographer and travels extensively throughout the world documenting the environments, cultures and people he experiences. His interest in global issues and desire to make an impact were amplified by a year-long trip around the world, mostly to developing countries, he took with his wife and their three young children in 2000. He shares this through the media (Huffington Post, NPR/PBS, Boston Globe and others), in presentations (TEDx, community organizations, museums, universities, religious institutions and business leaders including YPO groups around the world), and on his website www.dicksimonpho- tography.com.

Susannah Sirkin Susannah Sirkin is Deputy Director at Physicians for Human Rights, a position she has held since 1987 when she joined PHR shortly after its founding. She has helped lead PHR’s campaigns against Persecution of Health Workers, including the current efforts to free the Alaei brothers, two Iranian doctors with expertise in HIV/ AIDS treatment who are imprisoned in Tehran on false charges. Susannah has organized health and human rights investigations to dozens of countries, including recent documentation of genocide and systematic rape in Darfur, Sudan; PHR’s exhumations of mass graves in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda for the Interna- tional Criminal Tribunals; investigations into consequences of human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law in Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, India, Iraq, Israel/Palestine, Kosovo, Kuwait, Somalia, Turkey and the US among others. She has worked on studies of sexual violence in Bosnia, Sierra Leone, and Thailand, and authored and edited numerous reports and articles on the medical consequences of human rights violations, physical evidence of human rights abuses, and physician complicity in violations.

Ervin Staub Ervin Staub is Professor and Founding Director of the Ph.D. program in the Psychology of Peace and the Prevention of Violence, Emeritus, at the University of Mas- sachusetts at Amherst. He has studied the roots of altruism, the origins of violence including genocide and mass killing, as well as prevention, and psychological re- covery and reconciliation, with many publications. His books include Positive social behavior and morality (vols. 1 and 2, 1978, 1979): The roots of evil: The origins of genocide and other group violence (1989); and The psychology of good and evil: Why children, adults and groups help and harm others? (2003) as well as a number of edited volumes. A new book, Overcoming evil: genocide, violent conflict and terrorism, and a second book with his past writings on prevention and reconciliation, will be published by Oxford University Press in 2010. He is past President of the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence and of the International Society for Political Psychology. He has worked in many applied settings, including schools to promote altruism and active bystandership to reduce aggression, with police to reduce the use of unnecessary force, in the Netherlands on Dutch Muslims relations, in New Orleans to promote reconciliation after Katrina, and since 1998 in Rwanda and then also in Burundi and the Congo to promote psychological recovery and reconciliation and help prevent new violence through seminars, workshops and educational radio programs.

Audrey Tomason (EPIIC’97) Audrey Tomason (EPIIC’97) worked as an Americorps VISTA volunteer and Associate at ACCION International after graduating from Tufts. She attended the Kennedy School and then went to work for the Central Intelligence Agency before joining the National Security Council as a Director of Counterterrorism. She is currently at the National Counterterrorism Center. NCTC serves as the primary organization in the U.S. government for integrating and analyzing all intelligence pertaining to terrorism possessed or acquired by the U.S. government (except purely domestic terrorism); serves as the central and shared knowledge bank on terrorism informa- tion; provides all-source intelligence support to government-wide counterterrorism activities; establishes the information technology (IT) systems and architectures within the NCTC and between the NCTC and other agencies that enable access to, as well as integration, dissemination, and use of, terrorism information. NCTC serves as the principal advisor to the DNI on intelligence operations and analysis relating to counterterrorism, advising the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) on how well US intelligence activities, programs, and budget proposals for counterterrorism conform to priorities established by the President. Unique among US agencies, NCTC also serves as the primary organization for strategic operational planning for counterterrorism. Operating under the policy direction of the President of the United States, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council, NCTC provides a full-time interagency forum and process to plan, integrate, assign lead operational roles and responsibilities, and measure the effectiveness of strategic operational counterterrorism activities of the U.S. government, applying all instruments of national power to the counterterrorism mission.

Wendell Wallach Wendell Wallach is a lecturer and consultant at Yale University’s Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics. Before coming to Yale, Wendell was a founder and the Presi- dent of two computer consulting companies, Farpoint Solutions and Omnia Consulting Inc. Among the clients served by Mr. Wallach’s companies were PepsiCo International, United Aircraft, and the State of Connecticut. At Yale University, Wendell chairs the working research group on Technology and Ethics, leads a seminar for bioethics interns, and functions as a senior coordinator for other working groups and projects. He has lectured worldwide, published many articles, and is presently writing two books. Cybersoul explores the ways in which cognitive science and the Information Age are altering our understanding of human decision-making and ethics. Machine Morality: From Aristotle to Asimov and Beyond, which Wendell is co-authoring and which will be published by MIT Press, explores the prospects for designing computer systems capable of making moral decisions. Wendell is recognized as one of the leaders in the new field of Machine Ethics, and designed the first course anywhere on this subject, which he has taught twice atYale.

Adam White (EPIIC’08 and ‘09) Adam White is a founder of Groupshot, which designs and advises on projects at the intersections of innovation, social entrepreneurship and global development. White frequently works with businesses, community groups, and NGOs on the appropriate adaption of emerging communication and location-based technology. Recent projects include the application of mobile phones to manage transport in Kenya and the design of mobile educational games for schools in India. He holds a masters degree in City Design and Social Science from the London School of Economics and completed his undergrad degree at Tufts in the School of Engineer- ing and was a two-time alumnus of EPIIC. White often leads design-based seminars and field workshops on contextual innovation, technology, and development to students, communities, and leaders around the world.

Oliver Wilcox (EPIIC’91) Oliver Wilcox is a Middle East and international development specialist by profession and training. Until recently, he served for eight years in several key Middle East positions at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). These include: Senior Tunisia and Maghreb Countries Coordinator; Senior Yemen Policy Advi- sor; and Senior Middle East Democracy, Governance and Conflict Advisor. During his USAID career, Mr. Wilcox developed or contributed to Agency and interagency regional and country strategies and programs focused on democracy, governance, youth, service delivery and economic growth valued in the hundreds of millions of dollars. In particular, he served as: USAID’s leading strategy and program coordinator for post-revolutionary Tunisia; the primary author of the Agency’s recent policy on international development’s role in countering violent extremism and insurgency; and a principle architect of USAID’s current stabilization strategy and program- ming in Yemen. Mr. Wilcox earned 13 Agency awards for his work at USAID. Mr. Wilcox was an American Center for Oriental Research Fellow in Amman, Jordan, where he researched political liberalization, and a Fulbright Scholar in Madrid, Spain, where he studied contemporary European-North African relations.

Abiodun Williams Abiodun Williams is acting senior vice president of the Center for Conflict Management (CCM). Williams leads USIP’s work in major conflict zones such as Afghani- stan, Iraq, Pakistan, the Middle East and North Africa. Previously, Williams served as vice president of CCM, and had primary responsibility for USIP’s work on conflict prevention, Iran, and Northeast Asia. Prior to joining USIP, he served as associate dean of the Africa Center for Strategic Studies at the National Defense University. From 2001 to 2007, he served as director of strategic planning in the Office of the United Nations Secretary-General. In that capacity, he advised Secretaries-General Kofi Annan and Ban Ki-moon on a full range of strategic issues including U.N. reform, conflict prevention, peacebuilding and international migration. He held political and humanitarian affairs positions in U.N. peacekeeping missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Haiti, and Macedonia from 1994 to 2000. Williams began his career as an academic and taught international relations at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, University of Rochester, and Tufts University. In 1990 he was awarded the Constantine E. Maguire Medal for outstanding service to the School of Foreign Service and its students, and in 1992, he won the School’s teaching award. He was the recipient of a Pew Faculty Fellowship in International Affairs in 1990. Williams is chair of the Academic Council on the U.N. System (ACUNS), and a Board Member of the American Bar Association Africa Council of the Rule of Law Initiative. He was a Trustee of the United World Colleges, Lester B. Pearson College of the Pacific, and served on the Board of Jesuit International olunteers,V and QSI International School of Skopje.

John P Williams John Williams is the Program Manager for Asymmetric and Irregular Challenges at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). His work and research focuses on the study and analysis of Unconventional Warfare, non-violent conflict, and the evolving role of U.S. national power in a changing security environment to inform resource decisions at the national leadership level. Prior to his work at JHU/APL, John was the Deputy Director of the Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies at the United States Naval Academy (USNA). He also served as the Associate Chair of the Political Science Department and taught courses on armed groups and threats to national security. John has presented at numerous conferences and has received several Fellowships, including the MIT Seminar XXI Program and the U.S. Army Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute. Through a twenty-year career as a U.S. Marine, John served as an infantry officer, an intelligence officer and as a Foreign Area Officer, and spent considerable time in the Pacific Rim, the Middle East and the Balkans. A 1988 graduate of the Virginia Military Institute with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature, he also holds a Masters of Arts degree from the Naval Postgraduate School in National Security Affairs.

Zhang Qingman Zhang Qingmin is a Professor in the Department of Diplomacy at the Center for International and Strategic Studies at Peking University in Beijing. His research inter- ests include China’s foreign policy, U.S. foreign policy, and U.S.-China-Taiwan relations. Professor Zhang was a Fulbright scholar at the Sigur Center for Asian Studies at George Washington University’s Elliot School of International Affairs, where he conducted research on China’s foreign policy in the context of globalization and U.S. arms sales policy to Taiwan. Professor Zhang was invited to lecture on this topic at Harvard, MIT, and at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He is the author of China’s Foreign Policy (2003), numerous academic Journal articles, as well as co-editor and contributor to several books.

Visiting Delegations

As part of its commitment to the Clinton Global Initiative, the Institute for Global Leadership invited delegations from different countries to participate in the international symposium. As part of the Institute’s ALLIES (Alliance Linking Leaders in Education and the Services) program, EPIIC has also invited students from the United States Naval Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, and the United States Military Academy to participate. We are delighted to welcome the 59 international students and 49 cadets and midshipmen below to this year’s EPIIC symposium.

We also would like to thank the many individuals who made this possible, including Robert and JoAnn Bendetson, Alexander Abashkin, Shahla Al Kli, Firyal Aziz, LT Anne Gibbon, MAJ Jim Golby, Zuhair Humadi, MAJ Jeff Jackson, Sunny Kim, Gabriel Koehler-Derrick, Mila Korotkova, Itzak Ravid, Tan Ai Lian, LT Michael Weber, Deana Weinrich, Rebecca Weistuch.

China Peking University Ming Lei, Yuxi Li, Cheng Peng, Chunping Wu, Xiaoxue Wu, Weiwen Yin, Jungyu Yuan

Iraq Gol Omid Abbas, Nergiz Hanan Abi, Hayder Ali Hussein Al-Aakool, Maitham Abidalkareem Hussain Al-Faisal, Ahmed Hussein Razzaq Al-Hethani, Ali Hameed Jead Al-Janabi, Jumana Sahban Sulaiman A-Mallah, Noor Khalid Faisal, Andreas Safin Fellinger, Midya Amin, Harith Yousuf Khalid Ghnaima, Saman Nazhat Hali, Narin Bahat Hasib, Dastan Mohammed Karim, Barzan Akram Ahmed Mintak, Hayder Ali Mutasher, Saif Nakkash, Karokh Nuraddin Othman, Hewa Salehy, Sherwan Abdulrazzaq Wasman

Israel Naama Arad, Naama Asher, Guy Benjamin, Nofar Cohen, Eran Elharar, Matan Gur-Lavi, Michael Gutman, Tamar Katsir, Dorit Kershner, Ifat Lazar, Ron Rapapport, Dafna Shteinberg

Russia The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Katya Abdul-Samad, Alexey Borisov, Ksenia Budaeva, Victoria Gerasimova, Anna Ipatova, Alexandra Kondrashchenko, Ilya Mikheev, Alexandra Sagalovich, Evngeniya Volkova

Rwanda Alex Abia, Alain Kirenga

Singapore Singapore National University Varma Akita, Trudy Chua, Yuan Cheng Chua, Neow Ting Feng, Huang Sha

South Korea Seoul National University Hye Yoon Kim, Chang Ho Lee, Don Lee

Tunisia Montassar Jemmali

United States Air Force Academy Dan Bieber, Joseph Cole, Melanie Daugherty, Kevin Dwyer, Matthew Ibarra, Krishna Regan, Jase Reyneveld, Stephen Shea, William Stover

United States Military Academy Austen Boroff, Kelsey Cochran, Zachary Hall, Nathan Holt, Chris Kelly, Tessa Knight, James Long Colin Mansfield, Andrew Palella, David Poole, Nicholas Pyskir, Michael Smith, Aaron Spikol, Patrick Sweeney

United States Naval Academy Kimberly Bernardy, Annienorah Beveridge, Anthony Cardon, Justin Chock, Justin Craft, Tyler Daniels, Eric Davids, Chris Davies, Moises Diaz, Cassandra Fach, Michael Fessenden, Joe Gallagher, Chris Giraldi, Charles Goodman, Joe Hanacek, Malik Harris, Kennan Healy, William Hegarty, Lauren Hickey, Nathan Killea, Ben Lloyd, Kelly Maw, Josh Partain, Akheel Patel, Brianna Valladares, Brad Woods DR. JEAN MAYER GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP AWARD

EPIIC established the Dr. Jean Mayer Global Citizenship Award in 1993 to honor the work and life of Dr. Jean Mayer, President and Chancellor of Tufts University, 1976-93.

Dr. Jean Mayer

“Dr. Mayer’s life and productive career have been dedicated to the service of mankind” – President Jimmy Carter

A world-renowned nutritionist, publishing more than 750 scientific papers and 10 books, Jean Mayer advised three U.S. Presidents (Nixon, Ford, Carter), the US Congress, the United Na- tions’ Food and Agricultural Organization, the World Health Organization, the United Nations’ Children’s Fund, and the U.S. Secretary of State. He helped establish and expand the food stamp, school lunch and other national and international nutrition programs and organized the 1969 White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health.

In 1966, Dr. Mayer was the first scientist to speak out against the use of herbicides in the Vietnam War. In 1969, he led a mission to war-torn Biafra to assess health and nutrition condi- tions. In 1970, he organized an international symposium on famine, which produced the first comprehensive document on how nutrition and relief operations should be handled in time of disaster and was the first to suggest that using starvation as a political tool was a violation of human rights and should be outlawed.

For his service in World War II, he was awarded 14 decorations, including three , the Resistance Medal and the Cross of the Knight of the Legion of Honor. Among his 23 honorary degrees and numerous awards, he was the recipient of the Presidential End Hunger Award and the President’s Environment and Conservation Challenge Award.

As the 10th president of Tufts University, Dr. Mayer created the nation’s first graduate school of nutrition, established New England’s only veterinary school and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts, and co-founded the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Environmental Management. As chair of the New England Board of Higher Education, he created scholarships that enabled non-white South Africans to go to mixed-race universities in their own country.

“...Mayer moved universities as social institutions in new directions and toward the assumption of larger responsibilities. He saw them as instru- ments for improving society and the world environment... Those who knew him will miss his quick grasp of complicated and often-conflicting mate- rial, the clarity of his insight, his courage in tackling formidable tasks and his unfailing charm.” – The Boston Globe

“EPIIC is a milestone in bringing to the attention of the world urgent problems which have been all too often ignored. The program has a remark- able talent of involving the enthusiasm and the hard work of our college students, giving them a true sense of what is important and bringing their efforts to very specific fruition.” Dr. Jean Mayer

2011-12 Recipients: Mowaffak al Rubaie Adm Ami Ayalon Susan Bissell Lt Gen Dirk Jameson Jonathan Moreno Steven Pinker Zainab Salbi Susannah Sirkin Abiodun Williams The Science, Technology, and Ethics of National Security

A Pugwash-inspired Day-long Forum Thursday, February 23rd

Convened in collaboration with the Tufts University School of Engineering and the Department of Philosophy

“Throughout history, technological evolution and military activity have been linked. The existential challenge to society represented by warfare, combined with the immediate advantage that new technology can deliver, tends to accelerate technological innovation and diffusion. The relation- ships between the resulting technology systems, and consequent social and ethical issues and changes, are quite complex, however, and under- standing and managing them to enhance long-term military advantage and security, is a critical and underappreciated challenge. This is particularly true when, as now, technological change is both rapid and accelerating; posing the risk of cultural backlashes that could affect both short term mission capabilities and longer term security interests.

Many technologies of sufficient power to be of interest militarily have at least the potential to be deeply destabilizing to existing economic, social, and technological systems. Examples might include the possibility that military RFID sensor systems, insect robots and cyborgs are shifted from theatre intelligence to domestic intelligence; that telepathic helmet technology transitions from a small unit communication enhancement to a non-intrusive thought detection device in civil society; or that warrior enhancement technology results in radical life extension for selected civilian populations. Emerging technologies are likely to have similar destabilizing effects within the military as well, potentially affecting not just military operations, but military culture and organization, as well as broader social perspectives on military initiatives generally.

These challenges are far more profound than is usually realized, in part because it is not just military and security domains that are being destabi- lized by accelerating technologies, but also the institutions and social structures upon which they are predicated, such as the nation-state and the idea of war as a public, not private, activity. It is our belief, however, that despite the complexity and unpredictability of the environment within which we all find ourselves, it is still possible to res3ond rationally, responsibly, and ethically to these challenges. It is that belief which lies behind the establishment and work of this Consortium.”

Braden Allenby Founding Chair, Consortium for Emerging Technologies, Military Operations, and National Security Program Participant

Schedule • 9:00-9:30am | Introduction and Overview

• 9:45-10:45am | Robotics

• 11:00am-12:00pm | Neuroscience

• 12:00-1:00pm | Lunch Break

• 1:15-2:15pm | CyberSystems

• 2:45-5:15pm | Ethics, Norms and Governance

Participants

Braden Allenby, Arizona State University Braden R. Allenby is currently Lincoln Professor of Engineering and Ethics, and Professor of Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, and of Law, at Arizona State University, having moved from his previous position as the Environment, Health and Safety Vice President for AT&T in 2004. He is the founding director of the Center for Earth Systems Engineering and Management, and the founding chair of the Consortium for Emerging Technologies, Military Operations, and National Security, at ASU. He is also an AAAS Fellow, a Batten Fellow in Residence at the University of Virginias Darden Graduate School of Business Administration, and a Fellow of the Royal Society for the Arts, Manufactures & Commerce. He was the U.S. Naval Academy Stockdale Fellow in 2009-2010, a Templeton Fellow in 2008-2010, and the J. Herbert Hollowman Fellow at the National Academy of Engineering in 1991-1992. During 1995 and 1996 he served as Director of Energy and Environmental Systems at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Allenby received his BA from Yale University in 1972, his J. D. from the University of Virginia Law School in 1978, his Masters in Economics from the University of Virginia in 1979, his Masters in Environmental Sciences from Rutgers University in the Spring of 1989, and his Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences from Rutgers in 1992. His areas of expertise include industrial ecology, sustainable engineering, earth systems engineering and management, and emerging technologies. His latest books are Industrial Ecology and Sustainable Engineering (co-authored with Tom Graedel, 2010), The Theory and Practice of Sustainable Engineering (Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2011), and The Techno-Human Condition (with Dan Sarewitz, 2011).

-Robotics-

Colin Allen, Indiana University Colin Allen received his B.A. in philosophy from University College London in 1982 and his Ph.D. in philosophy from UCLA in 1989. He has broad research interests in the general area of philosophy of biology and cognitive science, with particular interests in animal behavior and cognition. He has received funding from the National Science Foundation and several grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities for his work in digital humanities. His work on the prospects of moral capabilities in machines is also influential. Allen’s appointment at IU is split between the Department of History and Philosophy of Science and the Cognitive Science Program, where he is currently serving as Director. He is also a member of IU’s Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior and adjunct professor in the Philosophy Department at IU. Allen directs the NEH-funded Indiana Philosophy Ontology (InPhO) project, is Associate Editor of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, and is Associate Editor of Noesis: Philosophi- cal Research Online. Allen has over 100 book chapters, journal articles, and conference proceedings papers. His coauthored books include Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong (OUP 2009) and Species of Mind (MIT Press, 1997). He coedited The Evolution of Mind (Oxford University Press, 1998), Nature’s Purposes (MIT Press, 1998), and The Cognitive Animal (MIT Press, 2002). He is also coauthor of a logic textbook, Logic Primer, published by MIT Press, and co-developer of two logic instructional sites on the world wide web at http://logic.tamu.edu and http://www. poweroflogic.com. In 2008, Colin Allen was recognized as Faculty Mentor of the Year by Indiana University’s Graduate and Professional Student Organization. In 2010 he received a Humboldt Research Award, granted in recognition of a researcher’s entire achievements to date, from Germany’s Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

Ronald Arkin, Georgia Tech Ronald C. Arkin received the B .S. Degree from the University of Michigan, the M.S. Degree from Stevens Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 1987. He then assumed the position of Assistant Professor in the College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology where he now holds the rank of Regents’ Professor and is the Director of the Mobile Robot Labora- tory. He also serves as the Associate Dean for Research and Space Planning in the College of Computing at Georgia Tech since October 2008. Dur- ing 1997-98, Professor Arkin served as STINT visiting Professor at the Centre for Autonomous Systems at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden. From June-September 2005, Prof. Arkin held a Sabbatical Chair at the Sony Intelligence Dynamics Laboratory in Tokyo, Japan and then served as a member of the Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Group at LAAS/CNRS in Toulouse, France from October 2005-August 2006. Dr. Arkin’s research interests include behavior-based reactive control and action-oriented perception for mobile robots and unmanned aerial vehicles, hybrid deliberative/reactive software architectures, robot survivability, multiagent robotic systems, biorobotics, human-robot interaction, robot ethics, and learning in autonomous systems. He has over 170 technical publications in these areas.

Moderator Jessica Wilson, EPIIC Colloquium Member

-Neuroscience-

Jonathan Moreno, UPenn Center for Bioethics Jonathan D. Moreno is a Senior Fellow at American Progress, where he edits the magazine, Science Progress. He is one of 13 Penn Integrates Knowledge university professors at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also professor of medical ethics and health policy, of history and sociology of science, and of philosophy. In 2008-09 he served as a member of President Barack Obama’s transition team. Moreno is an elected member of the Institute of Medicine/National Academy of Sciences and is a national associate of the National Research Council. He has served as a senior staff member for three presidential advisory commissions, including the current bioethics commission under President Obama, and has given invited testimony for both houses of Congress. Moreno has served as adviser to many nongovernmental organizations, including the Howard Hughes Medi- cal Institute and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He is a member of the Governing Board of the International Neuroethics Society, a faculty affiliate of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University, a fellow of the Hastings Center and the New York Academy of Medicine, and a past president of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities. He advises various science, health, and national security agencies and serves as a member of the Defense Intelligence Agency’s TIGER committee on potentially disruptive novel technologies. He was an Andrew W. Mellon postdoctoral fellow, holds an honorary doctorate from Hofstra University, and is a recipient of the Benjamin Rush Medal from the College of William and Mary Law School.

Wendell Wallach, Yale Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics Wendell Wallach is a lecturer and consultant at Yale University’s Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics. Before coming to Yale, Wendell was a founder and the President of two computer consulting companies, Farpoint Solutions and Omnia Consulting Inc. Among the clients served by Mr. Wallach’s companies were PepsiCo International, United Aircraft, and the State of Connecticut. At Yale University, Wendell chairs the working research group on Technology and Ethics, leads a seminar for bioethics interns, and functions as a senior coordinator for other working groups and projects. He has lectured worldwide, published many articles, and is presently writing two books. Cybersoul explores the ways in which cognitive science and the Information Age are altering our understanding of human decision-making and ethics. Machine Morality: From Aristotle to Asimov and Beyond, which Wallach is co-authoring and which will be published by MIT Press, explores the prospects for designing computer systems capable of making moral decisions. Wendell is recognized as one of the leaders in the new field of Machine Ethics, and designed the first course anywhere on this subject, which he has taught twice at Yale.

Moderator Laurel Woerner, EPIIC Colloquium Member

-Cyber-

David Clark, MIT David Clark is a Senior Research Scientist at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, where he has worked since receiving his Ph.D. there in 1973. Since the mid 70s, Dr. Clark has been leading the development of the Internet; from 1981-1989 he acted as Chief Protocol Architect in this development, and chaired the Internet Activities Board. His current research looks at re-definition of the architectural underpinnings of the Internet, and the relation of technology and architecture to economic, societal and policy considerations. He is helping the U.S. National Sci- ence foundation organize their Future Internet Design program. He is past chairman of the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Academies, and has contributed to a number of studies on the societal and policy impact of computer communications. He is co-director of the MIT Communications Futures Program, a project for industry collaboration and coordination along the communications value chain.

Herbert Lin, Chief Scientist at Computer Science and Telecommunications Board Dr. Herbert Lin is chief scientist at the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, National Research Council of the National Academies, where he has been study director of major projects on public policy and information technology. These studies include a 1996 study on national cryp- tography policy (Cryptography’s Role in Securing the Information Society), a 1991 study on the future of computer science (Computing the Future), a 1999 study of Defense Department systems for command, control, communications, computing, and intelligence (Realizing the Potential of C4I: Fundamental Challenges), a 2000 study on workforce issues in high-technology (Building a Workforce for the Information Economy), a 2002 study on protecting kids from Internet pornography and sexual exploitation (Youth, Pornography, and the Internet), a 2004 study on aspects of the FBI’s information technology modernization program (A Review of the FBI’s Trilogy IT Modernization Program), a 2005 study on electronic voting (Asking the Right Questions About Electronic Voting), a 2005 study on computational biology (Catalyzing Inquiry at the Interface of Computing and Biology), a 2007 study on privacy and information technology (Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age), a 2007 study on cybersecurity research (Toward a Safer and More Secure Cyberspace), a 2009 study on healthcare informatics (Computational Technology for Effective Health Care: Immediate Steps and Strategic Directions), a 2009 study on offensive information warfare (Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities), and a 2010 study on cyber deterrence (Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks: Informing Strategies and Developing Options for U.S. Policy).

Prior to his NRC service, he was a professional staff member and staff scientist for the House Armed Services Committee (1986-1990), where his portfolio included defense policy and arms control issues. He received his doctorate in physics from MIT.

Moderator Graham Starr, EPIIC Colloquium Member

-Ethics, Norms, and Governance-

Joining the above in the concluding discussion are:

Captain Wayne Porter, Naval Postgraduate School Capt. Wayne Porter’s distinguished career in the U.S. Navy began with his commission in 1986. His tours have included Fleet Ocean Surveil- lance Intelligence Center, The USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19), Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), and the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. He co-authored, with Col. Mark Mykleby, the National Strategic Narrative, published by the Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars and subsequently cited in televised editorials on both CNN and MSNBC. The Naval Postgraduate School community recently welcomed alumnus Capt. Wayne Porter as the new Chair of Systemic Strategy and Complexity under the Global Public Policy Academic Group. Porter most recently served as the special strategic assistant to former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Adm. Mike Mullen, and co-wrote “A National Strategic Narrative,” with retired Marine Corps Col. Mark Mykleby, which offers a contextual narrative to help guide future U.S. policy. Porter has long contemplated complexity theory and social cognitive and behavioral aspects of a strategic environment, and felt that NPS was the perfect place to explore those topics collaboratively in a setting where they could have a tangible and lasting impact on research and education. With the support of Mullen, who took Porter’s idea to Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, the NPS Chair of Systemic Strategy and Complexity was established. Colonel William B. Ostlund, The Fletcher School Colonel William B. Ostlund is the deputy commander for the 75th Ranger Regiment at Fort Benning, Georgia. He earned a B.S. from the University of Nebraska at Omaha and an M.A.L.D. from Tufts University in Boston, MA. Colonel Ostlund has served in a variety of command and staff posi- tions in the United States, Korea, Europe, the Balkans, Iraq, and Afghanistan; most notably as commander of 2d Battalion (Airborne), 503d Infantry, in Vicenza, Italy, and Kunar Province, Afghanistan, during Operation Enduring Freedom VIII. Colonel Ostlund holds a Bachelor’s degree in Political Science from the University of Nebraska at Omaha and a Master of Arts in International Relations from The Fletcher School. His military education includes the Infantry Officer Basic and Advanced Courses, the Command and General Staff Officers Course, and the Joint and Combined Warfight- ing School.

Benjamin Paganelli, Lt Col. (ret) USAF Col Paganelli is a partner and senior consultant with Viable International Applications (VIA) Unlimited, a research and consulting firm focused on success in the international community. In 2004 Paganelli attended the NATO Planning School and began his assignment as the chief air planner to NATO’s International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), Afghanistan and in the same role for the development of NATO’s first rapid response force (NRF). Paganelli joined the faculty of the United States Air Force Academy in 2007 and was named an Assistant Professor of Political Sci- ence in 2009. He is a combat veteran of Operations Northern Watch, Southern Watch, Iraqi Freedom, Enduring Freedom, and ISAF.

John P Williams, Maj. (ret) USMC, The Johns Hopkins University John Williams is the Program Manager for Asymmetric and Irregular Challenges at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/ APL). His work and research focuses on the study and analysis of Unconventional Warfare, non-violent conflict, and the evolving role of U.S. national power in a changing security environment to inform resource decisions at the national leadership level. Prior to his work at JHU/APL, John was the Deputy Director of the Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies at the United States Naval Academy (USNA). He also served as the Associate Chair of the Political Science Department and taught courses on armed groups and threats to national security. John has presented at numerous conferences and has received several Fellowships, including the MIT Seminar XXI Program and the U.S. Army Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute. Through a twenty-year career as a U.S. Marine, John served as an infantry officer, an intelligence officer and as a Foreign Area Officer, and spent considerable time in the Pacific Rim, the Middle East and the Balkans. A 1988 graduate of the Virginia Military In- stitute with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature, he also holds a Masters of Arts degree from the Naval Postgraduate School in National Security Affairs.

Moderator Lucas Kello (EPIIC’96), Joint Research Fellow, International Security Program and the Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University Voices from the Field 2011-12

The relationship between the Military and Intergovernmental/ NGOs in Post Conflict and Emergency Situations

February 23, 2012

About Voices from the Field Voices from the Field is a program under the Institute of Global Leadership (IGL) that brings midcareer alumni back to campus to engage in closed- door discussions. The objective of the sessions are to have alumni exchange field experience, generate best-practice models and discuss the future outlook of the theme. Previous “Voices” have come from the fields of nation building, complex humanitarian emergencies, human rights, UN peace- keeping, refugee assistance, preventative diplomacy, conflict resolution and development assistance.

Voices this Year In conjunction and with the EPIIC Symposium on Conflict in the 21st Century oicesV from the Field will be examining the effects of the increasing role of the military in humanitarian relief efforts. The military is taking on the tasks not only of security but also of development and reconstruction. How are the ways in which the changing role of the military is impacting the other institutions of humanitarian community. Below is an outline of the topics we hope to cover in our discussion.

Participants Ezra Barzilay, Nick Birnback, Yoni Bock, Daniel Holmberg, Colonel William Ostlund

Program

9:00-10:00am | Breakfast 10:00-11:30am | Discussion I

Discussion I Where have the strategic goals of humanitarian organizations and the military been aligned and where have they diverged? • Where is the “neutrality” debate moving given the impact of the changing military role on humanitarian organizations? • From your perspective, where do the strategic goals of private military contractors and defence consultancy firms lie - how often are they aligned/divergent with other parties involved? • When these goals are aligned or divergent, how is the relationship of stakeholders with local and government authorities affected?

12:00-1:00pm | Lunch

1:00-2:30pm | Discussion II

Discussion II Cases of mutual strategic goals • What cases fall into this category? • How can outcomes be optimized? • How can the coordination between humanitarian organizations, the military and other stakeholders be improved? • Are there emerging opportunities for collaboration that haven’t been implemented? • Are there scenarios where too much overlap creates complications? How can they be minimized?

2:30-3:00pm | Discussion III

Discussion III Cases of divergent strategic goals • What cases fall into this category? • How can outcomes be optimized? • How can the coordination between humanitarian organizations and the military be improved? • Are there emerging opportunities for collaboration that haven’t been implemented? • Are there scenarios where too much overlap creates complications? How can they be minimized Upcoming Events

Barack Obama and American Democracy Conference March 1-3, 2012 http://fletcher.tufts.edu/BOAD

This conference will bring together nationally-recognized scholars, activists, academics, and students to discuss, debate, and analyze the wider implications of the Obama administration’s foreign and domestic policy agendas after over three years in office. Over the course of three days it will probe the meaning of the historic 2008 presidential election for the very heart of our democracy, paying close attention to issues of race and gender, education, healthcare, active citizenship, and international affairs. Keynote speakers, panelists, and participants will engage in discussions such as “Obama Cares?: Health Care Law, Democracy, and America Medicine,” “Civic Engagement and the Media in the Age of Obama,” “Active Citizenship and Democracy: From The Tea Party to Occupy Wall Street,” and more.

Fifth Annual China-US Symposium Leadership in Transition March 9-10, 2012 http://www.tuftsgloballeadership.org/programs/chinaussymposium

The China-US Symposium believes in building on the crossroads of ideas, nations, and people, at Tufts University. To do this, it seeks to bring the communities of Tufts and Boston into close contact with the experts and practitioners of international relations of China and the United States. This year, it will explore how the 2012 leadership transitions in China and the United States will affect economic, security, legal, and diplomatic relations and interests. Four panels will focus on the facets of China-US relations: America’s “Return to Asia” and China’s Broadening Pacific Power; En- gagement with China - Diplomacy, Negotiation, and Dispute Resolution; 2012: 20 years after Deng Xiaoping; The Role of Law in Political Reform.

Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy Open EPIIC Class March 13th, 3:00pm, Tisch 304 A Conversation with Professor Kelly M. Greenhill

Boryana Damyanova Award for Corporate Social Responsibility Lecture Maria Figueroa Kupcu Monday, April 9

The Annual Tufts University Russell Lecture “Conflict, Religion and Moral Courage” Sherman Teichman April 18, 2012, 7:30pm, Goddard Chapel

Tufts Energy Conference 2012 Transforming the Global Energy Debate: From Challenges to Solutions April 20-21, 2012 http://www.tuftsenergyconference2012.com/

EPIIC 2011-12: Agree Ahmed | Rachel Alldian | Lily Anderson | Emily Bartlett | Amy Calfas | Ellie Caple | Carolina Cardenas | Hyomi Carty | Emily Clayton | Darcy Covert | Rebecca Dewey | Alfonso Enriquez-Castro | Michael Fishman | Bradley Friedman | Konrad Gessler | David Gittess | Christina Goldbaum | Chelsea Grayson | Sho Igawa | Maya Kavaler | Theron Lay-Sleeper | Angela Lyonsjustus | Andrew Maclary | Sharmaine Oh | Kathryn Olson | Amy Ouellette | Aparna Ramanan | Gabriel Rojkind | Marlies Ruck | Joseph Sax | Matthew Sanda | Al- lison Schwartz | Eric Sinski | Regina Smedinghoff | Marla Spivack | Graham Starr | Chloe Tomlinson | Cody Valdes | Ian Wahrenbrock | Jessica Wilson | Laurel Woerer | Joshua Youner

Sherman Teichman, Director | Heather Barry, Associate Director | Yvonne Wakeford, Institute Administrator | Jessie Wallner, Multimedia Coordinator | Kathryn Burns, Program Assistant | Saba Movahedi, Executive Assistant | Patricia Letayf, Executive Assistant

96 Packard Avenue Tufts University Medford, MA 02155 617.627.3314 617.627.3940 (fax) www.tuftsgloballeadership.org