Three Armies – One Battalion
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Medium-Term Foreign Policy Strategy of the Slovak Republic Until 2015
Medium-Term Foreign Policy Strategy of the Slovak Republic Medium-Term Foreign Policy Strategy of the Slovak Republic until 2015 Determinants of Foreign Policy of the Slovak Republic Interactions between the Slovak Republic’s internal environment and interests on the one hand and its external environment on the other hand determine the foreign policy of the country. With its internal potential the Slovak Republic has traditionally belonged among the countries pursuing active international co-operation. Spiritual background of the citizens of Slovakia had been formed in the historical constitutional, legal and social conditions of Central Europe. Educational and cultural environment in Slovakia is comparable with that of other European countries. The existing democratic political situation, respect for human rights and the rule of law guarantee political stability and equal opportunities for all. The socio- economic development of the society has been significantly affected by the preceding transition period. The functioning market economy and successful completion of necessary reforms suggest, sustainable improvements in the standard of living in Slovakia. Similarly to other European countries, in a long-time perspective demographic development continues to be an open issue. External environment of the Slovak Republic is characterised by various parameters and their interrelationships. The geographic location of Slovakia, the size and location of its neighbouring countries are the factors that permanently influence its foreign policy. The dynamically changing external environment is constituted, besides states and international organisations, by various non-state players of economic, political or social nature. Membership in the European Union and in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation has substantially altered the relations between Slovakia and its external environment. -
Aerodynamik, Flugzeugbau Und Bootsbau
Karosseriekonzepte und Fahrzeuginterior KFI INSPIRATIONEN DURCH AERODYNAMIK, FLUGZEUGBAU UND BOOTSBAU Dipl.-Ing. Torsten Kanitz Lehrbeauftragter HAW Hamburg WS 2011-12 15.11.2011 © T. Kanitz 2011 KFI WS 2011/2012 Inspirationen durch Aerodynamik, Flugzeugbau, Bootsbau 1 „Ein fortschrittliches Auto muss auch fortschrittlich aussehen “ Inspirationen durch Raketenbau / Torpedos 1913, Alfa-Romeo Ricotti Eine Vereinigung von Torpedoform und Eiförmigkeit Formale Aspekte im Vordergrund Bildquelle: /1/ S.157 aus: ALLGEMEINE AUTOMOBIL-ZEITUNG Nr.36, 1919 Ein Bemühen, die damaligen Erkenntnisse aus aerodynamischen Versuchen für den Automobilbau 1899 anzuwenden. Camille Jenatzy Schütte-Lanz SL 20, 1917 „Der rote Teufel“ Zunächst: nur optisch im Jamais Contente (Elektroauto) Die 100 km/h Grenze überschritten Bildquelle: /1/ S.45 Geschwindigkeitsrennen waren an der Tagesordnung aus: LA LOCOMOTION AUTOMOBILE, 1899 © T. Kanitz 2011 KFI WS 2011/2012 Inspirationen durch Aerodynamik, Flugzeugbau, Bootsbau 2 Inspirationen durch 1906 Raketenbau / Torpedos Daytona Beach „Stanley Rocket “ mit Fred Marriott Geschwindigkeitsweltrekord für Automobile mit Dampfantrieb mit beachtlichen 205,5 km/h Ein Bemühen, die damaligen Erkenntnisse aus aerodynamischen Versuchen für den Automobilbau Elektrotechniker anzuwenden. bedient Schaltungen Zunächst: nur optisch 1902 W.C. Baker Elektromobilfabrik 7-12 PS Elektromotor Torpedoförmiges Fichtenholzgehäuse Bildquelle: /1/ S.63 aus: Zeitschr. d. Mitteleuropäischen Motorwagen-Vereins, 1902 © T. Kanitz 2011 KFI WS 2011/2012 Inspirationen -
Véhicules Blindés Européens : Les Programmes En Cours
DOCUMENT A/2034 3 juin 2009 CINQUANTE-SIXIÈME SESSION ________ Véhicules blindés européens : les programmes en cours RAPPORT présenté au nom de la Commission technique et aérospatiale par M. Axel Fischer, président et rapporteur (Allemagne, Groupe fédéré) et Mme Tuija Nurmi (Finlande, Groupe fédéré), rapporteure DOCUMENT A/2034 3 juin 2009 CINQUANTE-SIXIÈME SESSION ________ Véhicules blindés européens : les programmes en cours RAPPORT présenté au nom de la Commission technique et aérospatiale par M. Axel Fischer, président et rapporteur (Allemagne, Groupe fédéré) et Mme Tuija Nurmi (Finlande, Groupe fédéré), rapporteure Rapport transmis au Président du Conseil de l’UEO ; au Président du Conseil de l’Union européenne ; au Secrétaire général de l’UEO/Haut Représentant pour la PESC de l’Union européenne ; au Président de la Commission européenne ; au Commissaire pour les stratégies de communication de l’UE ; aux Présidents des parlements nationaux et aux Présidents des Commissions des affaires étrangères, de la défense et des affaires européennes des 39 pays représentés au sein de l’Assemblée ; aux Présidents des Assemblées parlementaires du Conseil de l’Europe, de l’OSCE, de l’OTAN, de l’Assemblée balte, du Conseil nordique, de l’Assemblée parlementaire pour la coopération économique de la mer Noire, de l’Assemblée parlementaire de la CEI ; au Président du Parlement européen, ainsi qu’aux Secrétaires généraux des Assemblées parlementaires du Conseil de l’Europe, de l’OSCE et de l’OTAN. Document A/2034 3 juin 2009 Véhicules blindés européens : les programmes en cours ______ RAPPORT1 présenté au nom de la Commission technique et aérospatiale par M. -
MAD T2 EURO Procurement
Procurement Decision Support for Portuguese MoD: The MACBETH Approach and the Acquisition of 8x8 AWV Session TC-45 Tuesday, 13-07-2010 Table of Contents Ø Public procurement, transparent bid evaluation, EU legal framework Ø Common critical mistakes in bid evaluation Ø Weighting criteria: Legal requirement - Define weights of criteria before bids are known. How to do it properly? Ø Scoring bids with MACBETH Ø The MoD 8x8 AWV acquisition program Public tender evaluation in the fields of defence and security: EU recent legal framework – Directive 2009/81/EC The Most Economically Advantageous Bid Directive 2009/81/EC dictates that when multiple evaluation criteria – rather than just price – are used, the award must be made to “the tender most economically advantageous to the contracting authority” (art. 70). Furthermore… This invites the development of a multicriteria additive value model This invites the development of a multicriteria additive value model Multicriteria value measurement • Structuring criteria; describing levels of performance • Weighting evaluation criteria • Scoring bids on each criterion; measuring value (attractiveness) • Recommending Some common critical mistakes in tender evaluation Ø Bad structuring Ø mix performance appraisal with value measurement Ø Importance weighting Ø Ordinal scoring Weighting criteria – Legal requirement: Define weights before bids are known Directive 2009/81/EC dictates that evaluation criteria and their weights must be announced necessarily before the tenders are known It is not possible to -
Iucn Mission to Tatra National Park, Republic of Slovakia, April 2005
IUCN MISSION TO TATRA NATIONAL PARK, REPUBLIC OF SLOVAKIA, APRIL 2005 REPORT BY: ROGER CROFTS, MARIJA ZUPANCIC-VICAR, TAMAS MARGHESCU, AND ZENON TEDERKO 1 2 IUCN-THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION MISSION TO TATRA NATIONAL PARK, SLOVAKIA, APRIL 2005 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS A 6 day IUCN mission was undertaken in April 2005 at the request of Slovakian Members of IUCN, both government and non-government. The main purpose was to assess the status of the Tatra National Park (TANAP) against the IUCN Categories for Protected Area Management, in particular IUCN Category II. In addition, the aftermath of the windblow of November 2004 raises issues about the status of the Park and the widely different propositions for management of the windblown areas, ranging from strict management to tourist development. We had discussions with a wide range of interests and authorities: state, regional, district and municipal levels of government, state forestry and national park bodies, environmental NGOs and private forestry interests. In addition, we read all of the documentation available in English. We conclude that there is no clear authority and specifically no overall management authority for the Park, there is no comprehensive strategy or management plan or formal provision for the preparation of such documents, the current approved zonation system is inadequate, and the layers of government from national to municipal level provide confusion and inconsistency to all bodies involved. In addition, we noted the highly polarised views about the future management and use of the key parts of the area, including its core, following the windblow of November 2004, which affected some 12,000ha of the Park. -
History of the Automobile
HISTORY OF THE AUTOMOBILE Worked by: Lara Mateus nº17 10º2 Laura Correia nº18 10º2 Leg1: the first car. THE EARLY HISTORY The early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras, based on the prevalent means of propulsion. Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling, size, and utility preferences. In 1769 the first steam powered auto-mobile capable of human transportation was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot. In 1807, François Isaac de Rivaz designed the first car powered by an internal combustion engine fueled by hydrogen. In 1886 the first petrol or gasoline powered automobile the Benz Patent-Motorwagen was invented by Karl Benz.This is also considered to be the first "production" vehicle as Benz made several identical copies. FERDINAND VERBIEST Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle around 1672 as a toy for the Chinese Emperor. It was of small enough scale that it could not carry a driver but it was, quite possibly the first working steam-powered vehicle. Leg2: Ferdinand Verbiest NICOLAS-JOSEPH CUGNOT Steam-powered self-propelled vehicles large enough to transport people and cargo were first devised in the late 18th century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his fardier à vapeur ("steam dray"), an experimental steam-driven artillery tractor, in 1770 and 1771. As Cugnot's design proved to be impractical, his invention was not developed in his native France. The center of innovation shifted to Great Britain. NICOLAS-JOSEPH CUGNOT By 1784, William Murdoch had built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth. -
Cluster Analysis of Multicriteria-Classified Wheeled Armored Vehicles
XIV. Évfolyam 2. szám – 2019. június CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF MULTICRITERIA-CLASSIFIED WHEELED ARMORED VEHICLES KEREKES HARCJÁRMŰVEK TÖBBSZEMPONTÚ ÉRTÉKELÉSÉNEK KLASZTERANALÍZISE GÁVAY, György; TÓTH, Bence (ORCID: 0000-0003-0632-5650); (ORCID: 0000-0003-3958-187X) [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Absztrakt Cluster analysis was performed on the data Harminckét kerekes harcjárművet jellemző, representing the defense of 32 wheeled többszempontú döntéshozatali modell alapján armored vehicles based on a Multi Criteria kapott, a járművek védettségét leíró adatokon Decision Support model. The number of végeztünk klaszteranalízist. Hierarchikus clusters was determined by nonhierarchical módszerrel meghatároztuk a klaszterek clustering, while the vehicles were assigned to számát, majd nemhierarchikus módszerrel az a cluster by non-hierarchical clustering. The egyes klaszterek tagjait. A klaszterek number of clusters are either three or eight. For lehetséges számára három és nyolc adódott. three assumed clusters, the BTR-type, the Három feltételezett klaszter esetén a BTR equipment designed before and after 2000 típusú, a 2000 előtt, illetve után tervezett were grouped together, while for eight harcjárművek alkottak egy-egy csoportot, míg assumed clusters, these groups split into nyolc feltételezett klaszter esetén ezen három subgroups. Each subgroup consist of vehicles csoport részhalmazai alkottak egy-egy with similar defense, while the distinction alcsoportot. Az alcsoportok közel azonos between the subgroups could be made on the védettségű harcjárműveket tartalmaztak, míg basis of modernization, the evolution of az egyes csoportok között a védelem defense techniques in time. módjainak időbeli fejlődése, a modernizáció volt a legalapvetőbb különbség. Keywords: clustering, cluster analysis, k-means, GAIA, wheeled armored vehicle Kulcsszavak: klaszteranalízis, k-közép, GAIA, kerekes harcjármű A kézirat benyújtásának dátuma (Date of the submission): 2019.02.14. -
The Austro Modern. Designers and Industrialists in the Innovation Network Austria - Czechoslovakia - Germany 1900 to 1939
The Austro Modern. Designers and Industrialists in the Innovation Network Austria - Czechoslovakia - Germany 1900 to 1939 (Source: www.tatra-club.com) Lecture at the Association of German Engineers, Berlin, Working Group History of Technology on March 11, 2021 Working Paper in the History of Mobility No. 24/2021 Richard Vahrenkamp Logistic Consulting Berlin Email: [email protected] Web: www.vahrenkamp.org Status: 28 March 2021 Content 1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3 4 Aircraft development at Austro Moderne ......................................................................................... 9 5 The designer Hans Ledwinka at Tatra .............................................................................................. 15 6 The role of the streamline in Austro Moderne ................................................................................ 20 7 The contribution of Bata to Austro Modernism .............................................................................. 25 8 Appendix diagram of the Austro network ........................................................................................ 28 9 Sources and literature ...................................................................................................................... -
Ebulletin 26/2019
International Senior Enlisted Seminar for NATO CSELs (3 July) At the invitation of Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) General Tod D. Wolters and Command Senior Enlisted Leader (CSEL) of Allied Command Operations (ACO) CSM Siim Saliste, CSEL of the Slovak Armed Forces SMG Vladimír Beluš attended the International Senior Enlisted Seminar (ISES) for NATO and invited CSELs at the George C. Issue 26 ● Vol. VIII ● www.mosr.sk/ebulletin/ Marshall European Centre for Security Studies, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. ISES was attended by CSELs from over 40 countries and NATO and U.S. HQs from all over the world. The ISES seminar focused on stepping up the readiness and cooperation amongst top representatives of the NCO Corps from NATO and accession countries following changes to the operational and strategic landscape, as well as on resolving issues related to the NCO Corps structure in the field of training and transformation. At ISES, SMG Beluš delivered a presentation on the Slovak Army’s course for NATO NCOs – Battle Staff NCO Course. Several NATO and Partner countries, including Ukraine and Finland, showed interest in attending the course. Apart from ISES, SMG Beluš held a series of bilateral meetings with the highest representatives of the NCO Corps from the CZE, HUN, POL, and UKR Armed Forces. These were conducted in the spirit of traditionally good cooperation in the Central European region. ■ Army Headquarters Trenčín has had two Deputy Commanders Gearing up for military parade since 1 July 2019. In the presence of CHOD Gen Daniel Zmeko, (2 July) In preparation for the 75th anniversary of the Slovak an appointment ceremony for Brig Gen Martin Michalko as National Uprising (SNP), these days members of the Slovak Deputy Commander of the SVK Army was held at Armed Forces are gearing up for a military parade to be held on the headquarters. -
GRIPEN When Logic Is Part of the Equation
GRIPEN When logic is part of the equation Gideon Singer - Technical Director Gripen Export, Saab Aeronautics International Fighter Conference – November 2012 Saab Proprietary Information THE GRIPEN WORLD Saab Proprietary Information OPERATORS Gripen C/D Saab Proprietary Information OPERATORS Gripen C/D Swedish Air Force Czech Air Force Hungarian Air Force South African Air Force Royal Thai Air Force Empire Test Pilot School Saab Proprietary Information Gripen C/D Fully Digital Cockpit Survivability: EWS 39 Three 6´x 8´MFCD (3 Internal Jammers) NVD Retractable HMD AAR Probe PS-05, Multi Mode COBRA - HMD Litening GIII AIM-9 ROVER III GBU 12 GBU 16 IRIS-T GBU 10 A-Darter GBU 49 AIM-120 Mk 82 Mk 83 Mk 84 METEOR AGM-65 (G,H,K) Convoy Escort Link 16 RBS-15 Recce Pods TIDLS RecceLite DJRP MRPS (SPK 39) SDB Saab Proprietary Information FLIGHT HOUR COST According to Jane’s 35,000 *The Eurofighter cost given by UK Parliament appears to cover fuel usage only per hour 31,00031,000 30,000 Difference of USN Projected Includes: 25,000 B / C model • O and D level support USD) cost by USD) • Spares & consumables 2029 20,000 21,000 • Fuel, oils and lubricants (2012 18,000 (2012 18,000 RAAF F‐35A estimated 16,50016,500 Cost Jane’s cost over estimated Cost 15,000 30 year Eurofighter operational supplies and service at scheduled 11,00011,000 200 hours maintenance 10,000 per year cost* per aircraft 7,7007,700 8,200 4,700 Source: 5,000 4,700 FF‐‐35 EurofighterEurofighter* RafaleRafale F‐F18E/F‐18E/F FF‐‐16 GripenGripen Saab Proprietary Information OUR VISION -
Msm Land System Division
LAND SYSTEM MSM DIVISION DEFENCE TECHNICS: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT | PRODUCTION | SPARE PARTS | SERVICE & MAINTENANCE | MODERNIZATION ABOUT US MSM GROUP MSM GROUP Ltd. was established in 2015 by transformation of MSM Martin Ltd., which dealt with The resources and competencies: construction, development, production and sales mainly with military material. MSM Martin Ltd. was 1. Development of the product and the production process included complete documentation founded in 2004 on the base of MSM Ltd. In next years the MSM Martin Ltd. took over several military 2. Engineering construction of product including the prototype production and the pre-serial testing companies located in the middle of Slovakia, and built on its traditional manufacturing activities in 3. Production line, tools and jigs engineering construction, and production military and civil production. 4. Production of various types of small, middle and large caliber ammunition and associated charges, Due to ZVS company inclusion into the group structure we can state that the origin of MSM GROUP fuses and primers for guns and cannons. Deliveries with all of necessary documentation, and Ltd. comes back to 1927 when then Škoda Works in Plzeň, as a monopoly producer of ammunition certificates technics decided to build so called „spare factory“ in Slovakia. The company was totally destroyed 5. Services during the ammo life cycle: Testing, Revision, Modernization, Life cycle prolongation, during the World War II, and it took several years while the production was restored to such extend, Disassembly, Ecological disposal that its products were supplied not only for the Ministry of National Defense, but for many countries 6. In the case also the production line development, production and the transfer with whole necessary worldwide as well. -
The End of the Slovak Army Epic on the Eastern Front and the Change of the Romanian Strategy Towards Bratislava
THE END OF THE SLOVAK ARMY EPIC ON THE EASTERN FRONT AND THE CHANGE OF THE ROMANIAN STRATEGY TOWARDS BRATISLAVA Radu Florian BRUJA Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava (Romania) E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This analysis considers the way in which Romania managed the more and more complex relations within the Axis during the year 1943. At the beginning of the year, the military situation on the Eastern front had changed substantially. Germany's defeat at Stalingrad had changed the relation between Germany and its allies. The tension between Germany and Romania, on the one hand, and between Slovakia and Hungary on the other hand, would also mark the relations within the Axis. However, the armies of the three allies continued to support the German war effort. The Slovak Rapid Division participated during the year in the military defensive operations of the Crimean Peninsula. Its effort led to the erosion of the combat capabilities, especially after the disaster caused by the Battle of Kakhovka. Instead, the Slovakian army had to face an unprecedented number of defections. The Slovak soldiers moving to the enemy had forced the Germans to disband the Rapid Divi- sion, some of which being sent to the Italian front and the other to the labour force. Never- theless, Romanian-Slovak relations continued to be good. The change in the Romanian strat- egy having as its main objective to restore the Transylvania’s border, will force Bucharest to maintain the best possible relations with Slovakia. Keywords: Slovak army, Rapid Division, Crimean Peninsula, Eastern Front, deserters Rezumat: Sfârșitul epopeii armatei slovace pe Frontul de Est și schimbarea strategiei românești față de Bratislava.