Rhug Hydro Scheme, Druid, Denbighshire Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Report No

Rhug Hydro Scheme, Druid, Denbighshire Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Report no. 0001

Project Code: A0001 Date: 15/10/2012 Client: Carter Jonas WriƩen by: Richard Cooke BA MA

Figures Plates

Figure 01: Site locaƟon outlined in green, scale 1:10,000 at A4. Plate 01: Iron bridge (feature 3) from the east.

Figure 02: Site locaƟon outlined in green, scale 1:2000 at A4. Plate 02: Fieldwall (feature 4) from the southeast. Scale 1.0m.

Figure 03: Tithe map of Gwyddelwern Parish 1841. Plate 03: Fieldwall (feature 5) from the northwest. Scale 1.0m.

Figure 04: First EdiƟon County Series Ordnance Survey map Plate 04: Fishery building (feature 6) from the southwest. of 1875. Scale 1:1500 at A4. Scale 1.0m.

Figure 05: Second EdiƟon County Series Ordnance Survey Plate 05: Salmon holding tanks (feature 6) from the southwest. map of 1901. Scale 1:1500 at A4. Scale 1.0m.

Figure 06: DirecƟon of photographs. Scale 1:500 at A4. Plate 06: Salmon holding tanks outlet sluice (feature 6) from the northeast. Scale 1.0m.

Plate 07: Fieldwall/ ﬂood barrier (feature 7) from the northwest. Scale 1.0m.

Plate 08: Trackway (feature 9) from the north. Scale 1.0m.

RHUG HYDRO SCHEME, DRUID, DENBIGHSHIRE

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT: (A0001)

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2.0 SPECIFICATION AND PROJECT DESIGN ...... 1 3.0 METHODS AND TECHNIQUES ...... 2 3.1 Desk-top Study ...... 2 3.2 Field Search ...... 2 3.3 Report ...... 2 3.4 Definitions ...... 3 4.0 THE STUDY AREA ...... 3 4.1 Topographic Description ...... 3 4.2 Statutory and non-statutory designations ...... 3 5.0 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT ...... 3 5.1 Prehistoric and Roman Period ...... 4 5.2 Early-Medieval and Medieval Periods ...... 4 5.3 Post-medieval and Modern ...... 5 5.4 Aerial Photographs ...... 7 5.6 Site Gazetteer ...... 7 6.0 IMPACT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 9 6.1 General recommendations ...... 9 6.1.1 Direct impact ...... 9 6.1.2 Indirect impact ...... 9 6.2 Site Specific Recommendations ...... 9 7.0 ARCHIVE ...... 10 8.0 SOURCES ...... 10 APPENDIX 1 ...... 13 APPENDIX 2: DEFINITIONS OF IMPORTANCE AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 19

RHUG HYDRO SCHEME, DRUID, DENBIGHSHIRE

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT: (A0001)

SUMMARY Aeon Archaeology has undertaken an archaeological desk based assessment on behalf of Carter Jonas of a proposed hydro-electric scheme on the southern bank of the Afon Alwen near Druid, Denbighshire. The assessment identified nine archaeological sites within proximity to the development area, although two of which, Pont Barker and Pont Barker Bark Mill, are now demolished. The assessment established that the proposed development will have a Low Adverse Direct impact upon one archaeological site, a field boundary wall of local importance. The development will also have a High Adverse Direct impact upon three other sites (a field wall, a field boundary/ flood barrier, and a salmon trap/ fishery buildings) all considered to be of local importance. The assessment has made recommendations that a basic record be taken of the three field walls/boundaries, and that a detailed record be taken of the salmon trap/ fishery buildings prior to the commencement of works. The potential for unknown buried archaeological remains to be encountered during the construction of the proposed development is deemed to be Low and no further investigation or assessment is recommended within the proposed development area. There is however a Low to Medium potential for buried archaeological remains to be impacted upon during the excavation of a cable trench in the field to the south, to connect the scheme to the national grid. It is therefore recommended that a partial watching brief is maintained during the excavation of the cable trench.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Aeon Archaeology has been asked by Carter Jonas to undertake an archaeological desk based assessment of a small parcel of land near Druid, Denbighshire, in advance of the proposed development of a hydro-electric scheme. The proposed development area is located on the southern bank of the Afon Alwen, approximately 440.0m northeast of the village of Druid and centred on NGR SJ 04429 43709 (Figure.1 and Figure.2).

The proposed scheme consists of an Archimedean turbine screw located in the river bed and on the southern bank, and housed along with the intake and discharge sections within a concrete trough. The turbine screws will be maintained and controlled via a control house and metering cubicle located adjacent to the screw. The hydro scheme will have a maximum capacity of 100kW and the anticipated life-span of the scheme is twenty years.

This archaeological desk based assessment is for the proposed development area and immediate land-take, as well as the proposed trench route to connect the hydro-scheme to the national grid.

It is anticipated that a certain amount of civil works will be required in order to allow plant machinery, equipment, and cranes to access the site although the details of this was not available at the time of writing this report.

2.0 SPECIFICATION AND PROJECT DESIGN

A detailed brief has not been prepared for this project by Fiona Gale, the Denbighshire County Archaeologist, but recommendation has been given for an archaeological desk based assessment of the proposed development area (Fiona Gale correspondence dated 17th July 2012). The following report conforms to the guidelines specified in Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-based Assessment (Institute of Field Archaeologists, 1994, rev. 2007).

Aeon Archaeology’s proposals for fulfilling the requirements of the desk based assessment were, briefly, as follows: a) to identify and record the cultural heritage of the area to be affected; b) to evaluate the importance of what was identified (both as a cultural landscape and as the individual items which make up that landscape); and c) to recommend ways in which damage to the cultural heritage can be avoided or minimised.

A full archaeological assessment usually comprises 6 phases:

1) Desk-top study 2) Field Search 3) Interim Draft Report 4) Detailed Field Evaluation 5) Final Draft Report 6) Final Report

This assessment has covered the work required under 1, 2 and 3. It is sometimes necessary to undertake a programme of field evaluation following the desktop assessment. This is because some sites cannot be assessed by desktop or field visit alone, and additional fieldwork is required. This typically takes the form of geophysical survey and/or trial excavation, though other options, including topographic survey, is also possible. The present report makes recommendations for any field evaluation if required.

3.0 METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

3.1 Desk-top Study

This involved consultation of maps, computer records, written records and reference works, which make up the Historic Environment Record (HER), located at Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust, Welshpool. A range of aerial photographs were examined from the National Monuments Record, Aberystwyth dating from the 1940’s, 1960’s, and 1970’s as well as more recent colour aerial coverage. Tithe maps and Ordnance Survey maps were examined at the Denbighshire and Dolgellau archives. Information about Listed Buildings and Scheduled Ancient Monuments was obtained from Cadw: Welsh Historic Monuments. Secondary sources were consulted to provide background information. Sites noted on the Clwyd Powys HER are referred to by their Primary Record Number (PRN), a unique number given to each site, and are listed in Appendix 1. A full list of sources consulted is given in section 8.0 of the report.

3.2 Field Search

This was undertaken on the 9th October 2012, when the site was visited by an archaeologist. The conditions were fine for a field search, and the proposed development area was inspected for upstanding archaeological remains.

3.3 Report

All available information was collated, and the features were then assessed and allocated to categories of international, national, regional/county, local and none/unknown importance as listed in Appendix 2. These are intended to give an idea of the importance of the feature and the level of response likely to be required; descriptions of the features and specific recommendations for further assessment or mitigatory measures, as appropriate, are given in

the relevant sections of this report. The criteria used for allocating features to categories of importance are based on existing statutory designations and, for non-designated assets, the Secretary of State's non-statutory criteria for Scheduling Ancient Monuments; these are set out in the Welsh Office Circular 60/96.

National Planning Policy Framework introduces criteria for the assessment of significance of historic assets and these have been factored in to this assessment.

3.4 Definitions

Definitions of Impact, evaluation methods and mitigation methods as used in the gazetteer (section 5 below) can be found in Appendix 2.

4.0 THE STUDY AREA

4.1 Topographic Description

The proposed development area is located on the southern bank of the Afon Alwen, approximately 440.0m northeast of the village of Druid and centred on NGR SJ 04429 43709 (Figure.1 and Figure.2) within the parish of Gwyddelwern. The site is a thin sliver of land measuring 46.0m in length and 8.5m in width bounded by a field boundary to the south and the Afon Alwen to the north.

The area is dominated by an enclosed fieldscape of mixed agriculture and pastoral farming, with the steep moorland hill-slopes of the Berwyn range rising to the west. The bedrock geology comprises superficial deposits of the Nantglyn flags formation of mudstone and siltstone. This sedimentary bedrock formed approximately 419 to 428 million years ago in the Silurian Period when the local environment was dominated by deep seas (British Geological Survey).

4.2 Statutory and non-statutory designations

The proposed development area does not lie within any statutory or non-statutory designated areas. It is however in reasonably close proximity to the following sites:

(i) 450.0m northeast of the grade II Listed Building of The Druids (PRN 15547)

(ii) 620.0m north of the grade II Listed Building of Penlan Fawr (PRN 15548)

(iii) 640.0m northwest of the grade II* Listed Building of Pont Melin Rug (PRN 82411).

There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments within 1km of the proposed development area, and there is no line of sight between the site and any of the listed buildings detailed above.

The list of non-designated sites recorded within the Historic Environment Record is shown on fig. 1 and listed in Appendix 1.

5.0 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT

The following sections describe the known archaeological record within the general area of the proposed development. Sites are identified by their Primary Reference Number (PRN) which is the number by which they are identified in the Historic Environment Record (HER), or by their National Primary Reference Number (NPRN), Scheduled Ancient Monument reference, or Listed Building reference numbers if applicable. The purpose of this section is to

place the study area into its wider geographical and archaeological context. This helps identify the importance of sites and landscapes within the study area, and also provides an indication of the nature and potential for the survival of buried archaeology – that is sites that survive underground, but are not recognisable from surface indications alone.

5.1 Prehistoric and Roman Period

There are no known prehistoric sites in the immediate vicinity of the proposed development area, however in the wider landscape was the Rhyd Y Fen cairn (PRN 100804), a Bronze Age round barrow which is recorded as having had a cist with two skeletons but no implements. Although the precise location of this monument is unknown it is thought to have stood close to the village of Druid.

Further afield and approximately 1.16km east of the proposed development site is the Scheduled Ancient Monument of Rug Mound medieval motte (ME019). A Bronze Age round cairn was discovered in 1878-9 beneath the medieval motte whilst a shaft was driven into the mound to construct a stone store chamber. A stone built cist with burnt bone lay at the centre of a kerb structure measuring 1.5m in diameter within a mound 7.6m diameter. Further to the southeast and approximately 1.7km east of the proposed development area a possible Bronze Age ring-ditch (PRN 106,070) and Neolithic cursus (PRN 106,390) was identified from aerial photographs, however no visible remains can be seen on the surface and the identification of both features has been called into doubt.

The Iron Age in this part of Denbighshire saw the creation of the imposing Scheduled Ancient Monument of Caer Drewyn hillfort (ME012) located approximately 4.23km to the east of the proposed development area. The monument is set on a hill overlooking the River Dee near the town of Corwen. The hillfort commands views of the valleys and mountains to the west and north respectively and would have controlled this important route way from east to west. The hillfort consists of massive stone-built ramparts with entrances to the west and northeast sides. Guard chambers are located within the northeast entrance and a triangular shaped enclosure on the side of the fort was almost certainly a later addition in the Romano-British or Dark Age periods.

The Roman period in this part of Denbighshire is represented primarily with the projected line of the Roman road from Chester to Caer Gai (PRN 47,968) running from east to west approximately 200.0m to the south of the proposed development area. The line of the road was utilised later by the construction of Telford’s A5 London to Holyhead road. Approximately 1km further south of the predicted Roman road line is the Penrhos Roman marching camp (PRN 102689). This temporary camp was fairly large measuring approximately 312.0m by 440.0m and considerable lengths of the east, north and west sides have been recorded. Further to the east and within the town of Corwen a building (PRN 102,674) of ‘great antiquity’ was found in 1909 during the construction of the Midland bank. During these works it is claimed that a Roman bust of Greek marble was found which was later destroyed by enemy action in World War 2. Further to the north of Corwen is the suspected Roman enclosure of Caer Drewyn (PRN 101,810), an earthwork enclosure measuring 55.0m by 45.0m with a 7.0m wide and 4.0m wide defensive bank and ditch respectively.

5.2 Early-Medieval and Medieval Periods

The early-medieval and medieval periods are particularly well represented within the immediate landscape. The town of Corwen meaning ‘the white church’ and located approximately 2.7km to the east of the proposed development area, dates back to the 6th century when it grew up around a religious community founded by the Breton-Welsh saints Mael and Sulien. Later in the 13th century the current church of Saints Mael and Sulien was

constructed within, but set back slightly, from the town. This church was founded in the early medieval period and became a mother or ‘clas’ church for the area. The medieval structure had a west tower and transepts but the south transept was demolished when an aisle was built in the 19th century, and both the tower and the body of the church have seen considerable reconstruction. The main roof is late 17th century in date, and significant fittings include an early font, a 14th century priest's effigy and a pillar stone used as a door lintel. A monolith of putative prehistoric date is built into the porch wall and there is the shaft of a fine 12th century cross in the churchyard. The churchyard itself is surrounded by buildings and its shape has almost certainly been modified over the centuries. It contains a good range of grave memorials, many dating back to the 18th century (CPAT HER).

Further to the northwest is the Scheduled Ancient Monument of Rug Mound medieval motte (ME019). The mound has been excavated several times in the past which confirmed that it was a castle mound constructed over an earlier Bronze Age burial cairn (see 5.1). The only other castle site identified within the commote is located on the other side of the River Dee and is the Scheduled Ancient Monument of Owen Glyndwr’s Mount (ME017). To the immediate north of the mound stood the original Rhug estate house which most likely originated from a medieval hall. The close proximity of the unfortified estate house to the castle mound is a relationship that can be seen elsewhere in Merionydd at Castell Prysor (NPRN 308964) and Crogen (NPRN 306558). The estate house was replaced by the current mansion at the end of the 18th century by which time the medieval motte had been utilised as a garden feature with the erection of a summer house or folly on the summit.

5.3 Post-medieval and Modern

The Gwyddelwern tithe map of 1841 (figure 3.) depicts the proposed development area rather similarly to how it exists today. The bridge Pont Barker is shown (unlabeled) crossing the Afon Alwen at this point and the current trackway which links Telford’s A5 London to Holyhead road with the northern bank of the Afon Alwen is depicted. The proposed development area and land to the south are depicted as being one large and square field, continuing up to the edge of the river to the north. The tithe depicts the field as number 1289 which on the Gwyddelwern tithe apportionment lists the field as being utilised for arable allotments. The field to the immediate west of the trackway to the site is also listed as being utilised for allotments but for pastoral use. The field is one of twenty fields tenanted at this time by David Roberts of Druid, with the landowner being Griffith Howell Vaughan Esq. of the Rug estate.

Table 1: Apportionment to the 1841 Tithe map of Gwyddelwern.

Field Name Use Acres/Roods/Perches 1286 Druid Homestead 0/2/32 1287 Ddol Ffrunnog Hay 2/2/8 1288 Ddol Ffrunnog Hay 3/1/9 1289 Allotments Arable 8/3/1 1290 Allotments Pasture 5/0/16 1291 Ddol y bont Hay 5/0/20 1292 Cae glan y afon Hay 2/2/12 1293 Cae glan y afon Rough 0/0/14 1294 Llechwedd Bach Arable 1/0/14 1295 Cae Coch Arable 3/0/20 1296 Cae dderwen Wood 4/2/33 1297 Erw bach Wood 0/2/11 1298 Caer nant Pasture 0/3/17 1299 Caer nant Wood 3/3/7

1300 Pedwar cyfen Arable 3/0/29 1301 Cae nesa guna Arable 1/3/25 1302 Cae bach Arable 1/3/10 1303 Cae hellaf Arable 2/1/12 1304 Caer ffynnon Wood 2/1/26 1305 Plantation Wood 4/1/20

The Rug estate reputedly extended over an area of around one thousand acres from the river valleys of the River Dee and Afon Alwen, through the wooded valley slopes to the open hill land at the foot of the Berwyn range. The landscape is one of numerous small farms, some of which have now been sold off or allowed to fall into ruin. At the centre of the estate is Rug House set amongst formal park land and surrounded by the large agricultural farms of Gefn Rug and Plas yn ol. The historic estate was the site of the capture of Gruffudd ap Conan in 1080 by the Earl of Chester during a false truce. The estate has passed through a number of famlies, the Salesburys held the manor for several centuries. During the sixteenth century the family provided several High Sheriffs of Denbeighshire. William Salesbury defended Denbeigh Castle during the Civl War, and as thanks Charles I gave him a cap which was kept at Rug, William also founded Rug chapel. In 1780 the Lordship passed to Thomas First Lord Newborough, the house and estate however passed to Edward William Vaughan and remained with the family descendants until 1859, when the estate reverted back to the Lords Newborough.

By the production of the first edition county series Ordnance Survey map in 1875 (figure 4.) the proposed development area is depicted more like it exists today. The trackway running from south to north and linking Telford’s A5 London to Holyhead road with the Afon Alwen is still in use. Furthermore, a bridge crossing depicted as Pont y Ddwyryd had been constructed linking the small village of Druid in the south with farmsteads on the northern bank of the Alwen. The bridge was constructed from stone and had two spans with segmental arches with plain parapets and cutwaters on both sides. The bridge is described by E. Jervoise in 1936 as being ‘two miles west of Corwen the road to Plas-Adda from Druid crosses the river Alwen by an unusually fine bridge, which, according to the 6-inch Ordnance Survey map, is now called Pont Barker. This is evidently a modern name,as Lhwyd recorded “Pont ar Dhwyryd,” over the Alwen, on the road leading to Corwen, at what appears to coincide with this crossing. The two arches are obtusely pointed and span a distance of 35 yards. The roadway is slightly less than 11 feet in width, but there are recesses over the cut-waters. One of the recesses is provided with a seat. The river runs fast at this point, and a salmon ladder can be seen at the left hand side of the bridge.’

Pont Barker is depicted again on the second edition Ordnance Survey map of 1901 (figure 5.) and is also shown on 1941 RAF aerial photograph, as well as on the 1964 RAF and 1970 Ordnance Survey photographs. The bridge was a Listed Building but was descheduled in 1982 upon its collapse. The bridge was replaced with a footbridge constructed from iron girders which is still in use.

Also depicted on the first edition Ordnance Survey map is a building located within the northern flow of the Afon Alwen and labelled as ‘Bark Mill’. Bark mills were used to grind the roots, branches, or barks of different species of trees, to form a fine powder called tanbark which was utilised by a tanner in the preparation of leather for manufacture into clothes, boots, and other leather commodities. The tanbark more quickly yielded up the tannin required in the tanning process, with bark mills driven by water, steam, horse, ox, or wind power. A barker was the name given to a person whose job it was to strip the bark from trees to supply bark mills, and this is almost certainly the reason why the bridge changed name from Pont y Ddwyryd to Pont Barker. The mill is depicted on the tithe map of 1841 and it is likely to have been constructed during the 18th century. By the time of the second edition

Ordnance Survey map of 1901 the mill is labelled as disused. The mill appears to be standing in the aerial photograph of 1941 but is not apparent on the 1964 RAF or 1970 Ordnance Survey photographs and was most likely demolished in the mid 20th century.

The first edition Ordnance Survey map of 1875 also depicts a weir in close proximity, and presumably powering, the Bark Mill at this point of the Afon Alwen. This weir is depicted as being far more substantial on the second edition Ordnance Survey map of 1901, and may have been added to for the creation of a salmon trap at this point in the river. The weirs were utilised as a salmon trap through the 20th century and are depicted on the 1964 RAF photograph with the addition of holding tanks, fishery building and shed, and sluice gates. The fishery buildings and salmon trap are no longer in use, and would be demolished as part of the proposed development.

5.4 Aerial Photographs

Three vertical aerial photographs of the study area were examined from the National Monuments Record, Aberystwyth. The first of these was a high level photograph taken by the Royal Air Force in 1941, the second and third photographs were at a larger scale and were taken by the RAF in 1964 and the Ordnance Survey in 1970 respectively. Recent aerial coverage of the proposed development area from 2012 was also inspected. No new archaeological sites were observed on the photographs, although the tree cover was noted to be less extensive in the 1940s. The references of the photographs are listed in the Sources.

5.6 Site Gazetteer

The field walkover discovered nine sites of archaeological interest as listed below. Each entry contains an assessment of importance, ranked from International through to National, Regional/County, Local, and None. If it is not possible to assess the importance of the site from the visible remains, then it is ranked Unknown. Where it is expected that a site will be impacted upon by the proposed works then mitigation recommendations are provided. All archaeological/historical sites identified are depicted on figure.2.

1. Pont Barker Category: None PRN: 102,608 SJ 04431 43722 Impact: None The bridge was constructed from stone and most likely dated to the 18th century. It had two spans with segmental arches with plain parapets and cutwaters on both sides. The bridge is now destroyed and was descheduled as a listed building in 1982. Recommendations for further assessment: None Recommendations for mitigatory measures: None

2. Pont Barker Bark Mill Category: None NPRN: 41,225 SJ 04435 43734 Impact: None The first edition county series Ordnance Survey map of 1875 depicts a ‘Bark Mill’ at this location, on the northern side of the Afon Alwen. By the production of the second edition county series Ordnance Survey map of 1901 the mill is labelled as ‘disused’. The exact date of the mill is unclear but it was almost certainly from the 19th century, and appears to have been demolished some time after the RAF aerial photograph of 1941. Recommendations for further assessment: None Recommendations for mitigatory measures: None

3. Iron Bridge (Plate. 1) Category: Local PRN: Unassigned SJ 04431 43722 Impact: None A 20th century bridge constructed from iron girders replaced Pont Barker after its demolition. The bridge launches from approximately the same location on the southern bank of the Afon

Alwen as Pont Barker, but traverses the river at an oblique angle to reach the northern bank further to the west than the historical bridge. This feature will not be impacted upon by the proposed development. Recommendations for further assessment: None Recommendations for mitigatory measures: None

4. Fieldwall (Plate .2) Category: Local PRN: Unassigned SJ 04437 43709 Impact: High Adverse direct A low stone wall constructed from medium sized sub-angular stones bonded by cement runs from southwest to northeast at this location. The wall is almost certainly related to the leat situated adjacent to it, and thus most likely dates to the construction of the salmon fishery buildings in the mid 20th century. It is likely that this wall will require demolition as part of the proposed development. Recommendations for further assessment: None Recommendations for mitigatory measures: Basic record prior to demolition

5. Fieldwall (Plate .3) Category: Local PRN: Unassigned SJ 04438 43702 Impact: Low adverse direct A stone field wall constructed from medium sized angular stones and bonded by mortar. This wall marks the northern limit of a field boundary which runs from north to south and separates the trackway from the field to the east. The field wall most likely dates to the same period as the trackway and is thus at least of mid 19th century date, if not earlier. It is likely that the northern part of this wall will require demolition as part of the proposed development. Recommendations for further assessment: None Recommendations for mitigatory measures: Basic record prior to demolition

6. Salmon trap and fishery buildings Category: Local PRN: Unassigned (Plates .4, 5 and 6) SJ 04456 43717 Impact: High adverse direct A concrete and stone leat feeds water from the Afon Alwen via a sluice gate into a series of salmon holding tanks, which in turn siphon via a sluice gate into three stepped concrete sorting tanks. These then feed via a drain into a red-brick, single storey monopitch building with a sorting tank and plinth. The salmon trap and fishery building do not appear to be depicted on the 1941 aerial photograph although the scale is too small to be entirely certain. The structures are however shown on the 1964 RAF photograph and are most likely of mid 20th century date. A wooden shed is located to the southwest and is most likely associated with the salmon trap. The trap and fishery building are of local importance as they are a well preserved example of mid-20th century rural industry and should be preserved via record prior to the commencement of works. The salmon trap, fishery building, and shed will be demolished as part of the proposed development. Recommendations for further assessment: None Recommendations for mitigatory measures: Detailed record

7. Field wall / flood barrier (Plate .7) Category: Local PRN: Unassigned SJ 04459 43713 Impact: High adverse direct A field boundary and flood defence is located to the south of the salmon trap and fishery building. The boundary is constructed from very large sub-angular boulders with earth piled on top. The boundary acts as a flood defence for the field to the south in times of flood and is most likely constructed from the upcast generated during construction of the salmon trap, thus being of probable mid-20th century date. The line of the boundary is enforced to the immediate south by a thin hedgerow consisting primarily of young hawthorn trees. It is likely that this feature will require demolition as part of the proposed development and the line of hawthorn will require breaching by the cable trench to connect the hydro-scheme to the national grid.

Recommendations for further assessment: None Recommendations for mitigatory measures: Level 2 historic building record

8. Weirs Category: Local PRN: Unassigned SJ 04441 43724 Impact: None Four stone weirs are located at this point of the Afon Alwen and were constructed to power the bark mill, now demolished. The weirs have since been adapted to function as a salmon trap. The weirs date to the mid 19th century and should not be impacted upon by the proposed development. Recommendations for further assessment: None Recommendations for mitigatory measures: None

9. Trackway (Plate .8) Category: Local PRN: Unassigned SJ 04431 43696 Impact: Unknown A tarmac trackway some 3.0m in width runs from south to north connecting Telford’s A5 London to Holyhead road with Pont Barker, now demolished. The trackway is depicted on the tithe map of 1841. It is most likely contemporary with the construction of Pont Barker in the 18th century to permit access over the Afon Alwen at this point. It is not currently known whether this feature will require improvement to permit access for heavy plant, but if required a basic record should be taken prior to alteration. Recommendations for further assessment: None Recommendations for mitigatory measures: None or basic record

6.0 IMPACT AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 General recommendations

6.1.1 Direct impact The proposed hydro scheme is expected to have a direct adverse physical impact upon four sites of archaeological and historic significance, all of which are considered to be of local archaeological importance. Of these, the proposed works are expected to have a Low adverse direct impact upon one site (feature 5), and a Large adverse direct impact upon three sites (features 4, 6, and 7).

A cable trench will require excavating through the northern part of the field to the immediate south of the proposed development area to connect the hydro-scheme to the national grid.

6.1.2 Indirect impact The proposed scheme is not expected to have an indirect visual impact upon any archaeological or historical monuments.

The proposed scheme is not expected to have an indirect non-visual impact upon any archaeological or historical monuments.

6.2 Site Specific Recommendations

Nine sites have been identified as part of this archaeological desk based assessment as lying within the proposed development area. It is expected that the proposed development will have a direct physical impact upon four of these sites (features 4, 5, 6, and 7). It is recommended that a basic record is taken of the three field walls (features 4, 5, and 7) and a detailed record is taken of the salmon trap and fishery buildings prior to the commencement of works.

There is no cartographic or photographic evidence to suggest the presence of any unidentified buried archaeological remains within the proposed development area. The use of the area for arable allotments in the mid 19th century may increase the potential for buried remains of temporary outbuildings, although the land-take for the proposed scheme is fairly small and it is expected that the construction of the salmon trap and fishery buildings (feature 6) as well as the field wall/flood defence (feature 7) will have destroyed any buried archaeological remains. The presence of waterlogged ground may increase the potential for the preservation of environmental or macroscopic remains, or for site types which favour wetland locations such as Bronze Age burnt mounds. The proposed development is not located over the footprints of Pont Barker (PRN 102,608) or Pont Barker Bark Mill (NPRN 41,225) and there is a negligible chance of any associated buried remains being located within the development area.

It is therefore expected that the potential for unknown buried archaeological remains within the proposed development area is low and no further investigation or monitoring is recommended in this area.

The field to the immediate south of the proposed development area will require the excavation of a cable trench to connect the hydro-scheme to the existing overhead power-line. There is no cartographic or physical remains to suggest the presence of buried archaeological remains within this area, however due to the wealth of, in particular prehistoric, archaeology within the nearby landscape the potential for buried archaeological remains in this area is low to medium. It is therefore recommended that a partial watching brief is maintained during the excavation of the cable trench.

Number Name Category Impact Recommendations 1 Pont Barker None None None 2 Pont Barker Bark Mill None None None 3 Iron Bridge Local None None 4 Field wall Local High adverse Basic record 5 Field wall Local Low adverse Basic record 6 Salmon trap and fishery Local High Detailed record buildings Adverse 7 Field wall/ flood barier Local High adverse Basic record 8 Weirs Local None 9 Trackway Local Unknown None or basic record

7.0 ARCHIVE

The archive consists of field notes, historic maps and photographs taken on the field visit. It is currently held by Aeon Archaeology under the project code A0001.

8.0 SOURCES

OS Maps

1st edition 25 inch Ordnance Survey Map, Merionydd Sheet LXXI.6.1 of 1875 2nd edition 25 inch Ordnance Survey Map, Merionydd Sheet LXXI.6.2 of 1901

OS 1:10 000 Series sheet SJ 04 SW

Aerial Photographs

National Archaeological Record, Aberystwyth

RAF Aerial Photographs

S.731/H17/1406.1.41 Frame 5 taken 6th January 1941 58/6489 F6.1 Frame 0303 (enlarged) taken 26th August 1964

OS Aerial Photographs

70/373 Frame 190 (enlarged) taken 23rd September 1970 22/06/1989: 89-MB-0479 taken 22nd June 1989

Google Maps: 2012

Manuscript Sources

Caernarfon Records Office

Clwyd-Powys Historic Environment Record, Welshpool

Denbighshire County Archives, Ruthin

Merionydd Archives, Dolgellau

National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth

Tithe Map and Apportionment of the Parish of Corwen 1841 and 1839

Tithe Map and Apportionment of the Parish of Gwyddelwern 1841

National Monuments Record, Aberystwyth

NMR Site Record Cards

Published sources

British Geological Survey website. www.bgs.ac.uk

Edwards, N. and Lane, A. 1998 Early Medieval Settlement in Wales AD400-1100

Jervoise.E. 1936. The Ancinet Bridges of Wales and Western England. The Architectural Press.

Welsh Assembly Government. 2007. Guide to Good Practice on Using the Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales in the Planning and Development Process.

Welsh Office Circular 60/96 1996 Planning and the historic environment: archaeology, Cardiff

Unpublished Sources

CPAT report 276: The Historic Churches of Denbighshire and the Vale of Clwyd. 1998.

Silvester, R J & Simons, E R , 2000 , Rug Farm, Corwen - NE/05/1066: Tir Gofal Historic Environment Report - HE2

APPENDIX 1 Sites within 1km of the proposed development area as listed on the Clwyd-Powys HER

Prn Lbgrade Name Form Type Period Description NGR A cairn with a cist containing at least two skeletons but no implements.a quarter of a mile from rhyd y fen precise location not known. Rhyd Y Fen 100804 cairn Structure Round barrow (cairn) Bronze Age Site not located . (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment 1999) SJ0443 Pont Melin 25666 II* Rug Structure Bridge Post Medieval Grade II* listed bridge SJ0506043544 A bridge of local type 18th century two span with segmental arches plain parapets and a cutwater.both sides 102608 II Pont Barker Structure Bridge 18th century collapsed and desheduled 1982.; (CAS 4/12/93) SJ044437 Druid, The 36118 II Druids Building House Post Medieval Grade II listed house SJ0405143488 Druid, Penlan 36119 II Fawr Building House Post Medieval Grade II listed house SJ0447143102 L-shaped kennel block and outbuildings on map of 1901, and a building shown at or near this spot on the Tithe Map of 1839. Now a ruin consisting of several compartments in Rug Park, different stages of collapse. Stone built with some brick 80373 kennels Building Kennels 19th century for jambs and also l SJ0503644043 Pentre The map of 1901 shows a house, outbuildings and pump at 80374 Walben house Building House Post Medieval this location (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment 1999) SJ0483643796 House and outbuildings on map of 1901, though appears Gwern-y- as only a single building on the Tithe Map (CPAT Tir 80376 Pandy house Building House Post Medieval Gofal assessment 1999) SJ0459343742 Cefn Rug This large corrugated iron barn is notable in that its 80495 farm, Building Barn Post Medieval eastern end sits on low stone foundations which may be SJ0541843633

Prn Lbgrade Name Form Type Period Description NGR corrugated the remains of the former farmyard wall. (CPAT Tir Gofal iron barn assessment 1999) Mill shown on estate map of 1791, though not on the Rug estate at this time. Both mill and mill race survive (CPAT 80456 Druid mill Building Mill Post Medieval Tir Gofal assessment 1999) SJ0400143372 Farm shown on estate map of 1791. The present farmhouse, which is disused, is an undistinguished structure of rectangular plan, its exterior is largely rendered it has brick chimneys. The outbuildings form one 80457 Caefaes farm Building Farm Post Medieval range and are of stone with some brick SJ0394643144 Cottage shown on estate map of 1791. No trace on ground nor of the adjacent field boundary shown on OS Maps. Rhyd-y-fen Siting is on the lip of the northern river terrace of the Dee. 80458 cottage Document House Post Medieval (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment 1999) SJ0399544151 Mill shown on estate map of 1791. Now covered by a factory. 'Melyn y Rug' is referred to in a deed of 1485. 80467 Rug mill Document Mill Post Medieval (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment 1999) SJ0507043612 Plas Adda Farm shown on estate map of 1791. (CPAT Tir Gofal 80472 farm Document Farm Post Medieval assessment 1999) SJ0463143961 Access from Rug House to the Kennels via a trackway which now shows as a green terraceway several metres Rug Park, wide; shows as a track though not accurately on modern kennels maps. Some recent disturbance in the form of an animal 80479 trackway Earthwork Trackway Post Medieval burial pit. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessm SJ0509244030 A well marked on the Ordnance Survey map comprises a 'cistern' defined by slabs of slate on edge with large capstones over. Size about 3m by 2m by 0.75m high. A Stable Wood broad dyke carries the water off. (CPAT Tir Gofal 80576 well Structure Well Post Medieval assessment 1999) SJ0530543898

Prn Lbgrade Name Form Type Period Description NGR Mill pond that fed the mill race to the Druid mill is still visible and contains water. An earthen dam in front is Druid mill, breached centrally for a sluice that is defined by brick and 80578 pond and dam Earthwork Mill pond Post Medieval stone walling. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment 1999) SJ0384943112 A fine trackway, less than 3m wide, edged by stone-faced earth banks which supports thorn, oak etc. Ditched on the south side of the more southerly bank. The track led from Caefaes the farm at Caefaes into the fields. (CPAT Tir Gofal 80579 trackway Earthwork Trackway Post Medieval assessment 1999) SJ0401543055 48474 Plas Isaf, ford Structure Ford Post Medieval A ford shown on the OS 6" 1963 map. SJ0445443266 Plas Isaf, well 48473 II Structure Well Post Medieval A well shown on the OS 6" 1963 map. SJ0454543036 Predicted line of roman road. Unknown form.

Suggested line by EW (1979)

Some modification to line proposed by EW in 1995 to Corwen - St different crossing point of Alwen (EW95) 93575 Asaph Document Road Roman (CPAT Roman Roads project, 2002-03) SJ0514243467 Predicted line of roman road. Unknown form.

Chester - Sporadic indication of a terrace which EW thought was Ffrith - Caer Roman; otherwise no informtion on precise line (EW95) 47967 Gai Document Road Roman (CPAT Roman Roads project, 2002-03) SJ0498043050 Proposed line of roman road. Cropmark form.

Chester - Part of this section showing as cropmark but also a Ffrith - Caer suggestion of a low agger; precise position not known 47966 Gai Cropmark Road Roman (EW95) SJ0523843334

Prn Lbgrade Name Form Type Period Description NGR (CPAT Roman Roads project, 2002-03) Predicted line of roman road. Fossilised form.

Rhyn Park - Straight length of A5 follows Roman road (EW99) 93611 Caer Llugwy Document Road Post Medieval (CPAT Roman Roads project, 2002-03) SJ0540243519 'Old Quarry' depicted on 1st edition (1889) and later OS 67608 Druid, quarry Earthwork Quarry Post Medieval maps. SJ0366443512 Well beside road depicted on 1st edition (1889) and later 67609 Druid, well Earthwork Well Post Medieval OS maps. SJ0375843533 Rhug Farm, Tir Gofal HE1 assessment, Historic environment HE1 assessment for Tir Gofal 51019 1999 Event Tir Gofal HE1 20th century carried out by CPAT. (CPAT, Tir Gofal HE1, 1999) SJ0489544464 Rhug Farm, Tir Gofal HE2 assessment, 57006 2000 Event Tir Gofal HE2 21st century Tir Gofal HE1 assessment, 1999 SJ0489544464 A CAIRN WITH A CIST CONTAINING AT LEAST TWO SKELETONS BUT NO IMPLEMENTS.A Rhyd Y Fen QUARTER OF A MILE FROM RHYD Y FEN PRECISE cairn, LOCATION NOT KNOWN.; excavation 58905 C19th Event Excavation 19th century Site not located . (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment 1999) SJ0443

Sites within 1km of the proposed development area as listed on the NMR

Nprn Name Ngr Type Period 3003 PENLAN-FAWR SJ04464310 FARMSTEAD Medieval;Post Medieval 24193 PONT MELIN RUG, CYNWYD SJ05064355 BRIDGE Post Medieval 24993 DRUID MILL SJ04004337 CORN MILL Post Medieval 24168 PONT BARKER SJ04444373 BRIDGE Post Medieval? 28461 GWERN-Y-PANDY SJ04604374 HOUSE Post Medieval 91744 CREAMERY, MELIN RUG, CORWEN SJ05064360 DAIRY Modern 309392 CEFN RUG, CROPMARKS SJ05394343 CROPMARK Unknown 28725 RUG LODGE SJ0544143720 LODGE Post Medieval TRE'RDDOL INDEPENEDENT CHAPEL, 8345 TRE'RDDOL, CORWEN SJ04324367 CHAPEL Post Medieval MOEL-ADDA CALVINISTIC METHODIST 8351 CHAPEL SJ04674459 CHAPEL Post Medieval 8348 TRE'RDDOL BAPTIST CHAPEL, TRE'RDDOL SJ04314368 CHAPEL Post Medieval COUNTRY HOUSE 265141 PLAS ADDA, GARDEN, DRUID SJ0459943982 GARDEN Post Medieval WOOLLEN 40983 PANDY RUG;MAES-Y-PANDY SJ045437 MILL Post Medieval 41225 PONT BARKER BARK MILL, DRUID SJ04454373 MILL Post Medieval 265140 RHYD-Y-FEN, GARDEN, DRUID SJ0417543962 GARDEN Post Medieval DRUID, ROMAN ROAD - FOUR CROSSES TO 404709 PEN-Y-BONT SJ04784391 ROAD Roman SQUARE BARROW 404711 DRUID SQUARE BARROWS SJ03874339 CEMETERY Early Medieval;Roman

Listed Buildings within 1km of the proposed development area

LB ref Name NGR Grade Community 673 PONT MELIN RUG, RUG SJ04044349 II Corwen 15547 THE DRUIDS, DRUID SJ04454310 II Corwen 15548 PENLAN FAWR, DRUID SJ05044354 II* Corwen 82411 Pont Melin Rug SJ05044352 II* Cynwyd

APPENDIX 2: DEFINITIONS OF IMPORTANCE AND RECOMMENDATION

1. Definition of Categories of importance

The following categories were used to define the importance of the archaeological resource.

Significance Description International Archaeological sites or monuments of international importance, including (Very High) World Heritage Sites. Structures and buildings inscribed as of universal importance as World Heritage Sites. Other buildings or structures of recognised international importance.

National Ancient monuments scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and (High) Archaeological Areas Act 1979, or archaeological sites and remains of comparable quality, assessed with reference to the Secretary of State’s non-statutory criteria. Listed Buildings. Undesignated structures of national importance. Regional/ Conservation Areas County Archaeological sites and remains which, while not of national importance, (Medium) score well against most of the Secretary of State’s criteria.

Local Archaeological sites that score less well against the Secretary of State’s (Low) criteria. Historic buildings on a 'local list'. None Areas in which investigative techniques have produced no or only minimal evidence for archaeological remains, or where previous large- scale disturbance or removal of deposits can be demonstrated.

2. Definition of Impact

The direct impact of the proposed development on each site was estimated. The impact is defined as follows:

Magnitude Direct Impacts Indirect Impacts High Adverse Complete removal of an Radical transformation of the setting of archaeological site. an archaeological monument. A Complete destruction of a fundamental change in the setting of a designated building or structure. building. Medium Adverse Removal of a major part of an Partial transformation of the setting of an archaeological site and loss of archaeological site (e.g. the introduction research potential. of significant noise or vibration levels to an archaeological monument leading to Extensive alteration (but not changes to amenity use, accessibility or demolition) of a historic building or appreciation of an archaeological site). feature, resulting in an appreciable Partial adverse transformation of the adverse change. setting of a designated building. Low Adverse Removal of an archaeological site Minor change to the setting of an where a minor part of its total area archaeological monument or historic

Magnitude Direct Impacts Indirect Impacts is removed but the site retains a building. significant future research potential. Change to a historic building or feature resulting in a small change in the resource and its historical context and setting. Negligible/ No impact from changes in use, No perceptible change in the setting of a Neutral amenity or access. building or feature. No change in the ability to understand and appreciate the resource and its historical context and setting. Low Beneficial Land use change resulting in Decrease in visual or noise intrusion on improved conditions for the the setting of a building, archaeological protection of archaeological site or monument. remains or understanding/ Improvement of the wider landscape appreciation of a historic building setting of a building, archaeological site or place or monument.

Medium Land use change resulting in Significant reduction or removal of Beneficial improved conditions for the visual or noise intrusion on the setting of protection of archaeological a building, archaeological site or remains, or understanding/ monument; and appreciation of a historic building Improvement of the wider landscape or place, including through setting of a building, archaeological site interpretation measures (heritage or monument trails, etc). Improvement of the cultural heritage Removal of harmful alterations to amenity, access or use of a building, better reveal the significance of a archaeological site or monument. building or structure, with no loss of significant fabric. High Arrest of physical damage or decay Exceptional enhancement of a building Beneficial to a building or structure; or archaeological site, its cultural heritage amenity and access or use

3. Definition of field evaluation techniques

Field evaluation is necessary to allow the reclassification of sites of unknown importance, and to allow the evaluation of areas of land where there are no visible features, but for which there is potential for sites to exist. Two principal techniques can be used for carrying out the evaluation: geophysical survey and trial trenching.

Geophysical survey This technique involves the use of a magnetometer, which detects variation in the earth’s magnetic field caused by the presence of iron in the soil. This is usually in the form of weakly magnetised iron oxides, which tend to be concentrated in the topsoil. Features cut into the subsoil and back-filled or silted with topsoil contain greater amounts of iron and can therefore be detected with the gradiometer. Strong readings can be produced by the presence of iron objects, and also hearths or kilns.

Other forms of geophysical survey are available, of which resistivity survey is the other most commonly used. However, for rapid coverage of large areas, the magnetometer is usually

considered the most cost-effective method. It is also possible to scan a large area very rapidly by walking with the magnetometer, and marking the location of any high or low readings, but not actually logging the readings for processing.

Trial trenching Buried archaeological deposits cannot always be detected from the surface, even with geophysics, and trial trenching allows a representative sample of the development area to be investigated. Trenches of an appropriate size can also be excavated to evaluate category E sites. These trenches typically measure between 20m and 30m long by 2m wide. The turf and topsoil is removed by mechanical excavator, and the resulting surface cleaned by hand and examined for features. Anything noted is further examined, so that the nature of any remains can be understood, and mitigation measures can be recommended.

4. Definition of Mitigatory Recommendations

None: No impact so no requirement for mitigatory measures.

Detailed recording: Requiring a photographic record, surveying and the production of a measure drawing prior to commencement of works.

Archaeological excavation may also be required depending on the particular feature and the extent and effect of the impact.

Basic recording: Requiring a photographic record and full description prior to commencement of works.

Watching brief: Requiring observation of particular identified features or areas during works in their vicinity. This may be supplemented by detailed or basic recording of exposed layers or structures. An archaeological watching brief is divided in to four categories according the IFA. 2001. Institute for Archaeologists 2001 Standard and Guidance for an archaeological watching brief:

• comprehensive (present during all ground disturbance)

• intensive (present during sensitive ground disturbance)

• intermittent (viewing the trenches after machining)

• partial (as and when seems appropriate).

Avoidance: Features, which may be affected directly by the scheme, or during the construction, should be avoided. Occasionally a minor change to the proposed plan is recommended, but more usually it refers to the need for care to be taken during construction to avoid accidental damage to a feature. This is often best achieved by clearly marking features prior to the start of work.

Reinstatement: The feature should be re-instated with archaeological advice and supervision.

a d

a 7

r c

P e T

, a - c a

For a

r T T 7 e

a 8

BM 148.6

a r T

d n o 8057 R P

C 80375

) e

m w

l u

( A

t n Boat House

a o

f P

80585,Ru

)

u (

a ) P

Fish Pond r ddw ( m h Ca t on a Ford Af P 144.2m 93577,Corw Foot Bridge 80466,Rug P Cadw Listing Cadw Listing 80487,Rug P Tank 58283 H f d k Trac 93576,Corwen - Standing Stone

Motte

) Ty Gwyn m

u (

t k

a c P a r

T ME019 Rûg Cefn Rûg

Estate Office

h R Rûg

72807,Cefn Rug farm,

u o

The H

Keepers

T E

d r

58281,Hafod-y-calch lim a

Tank Y

t S BM 142.59m

age

e D tt Stable Wood Lodge Crane Wood Stable

ME047

ron co i

r D Tel: 07866925393 Tel: Aeon Archaeology (disused) Lime Kiln F , Richard Cooke BA MA BA Cooke Richard Coed y Fron 143.3m

) m (u th

a www.aeonarchaeology.co.uk f k e P c a D r

T 175.9m Fron Cottage 47966,Chester - Ffrith Caer Gai Copa'r-derw 80516

en ) lw A

m n

u o ( f

165.2m h

a P GP WB LB r ua fra t F

R an C N

BM ) m u

146.33m (

h )

93575,Corwen - St Asaph t a CH3 5DP Cheshire Chester. Boughton, 17 Cecil Street, P m u

(

h t

F P

)

Melin Rûg (

143.0m a P Plas Isaf Pont Plas-isaf

144.0m )

Cadw Listing - 703, Plas Isaf

Park m

u (

Caravan

a P Cadw Listing - 673, PONT MELIN RUG, RUG 80467,Rug mill ) um h ( t Weir

)

80373,Rug Park, kennels m

C Well u

(

h ) t

m n P

o u

(

BM 147.64m s

a t

48472,Plas Isaf, well I

a S

r n

T a

N 5

Pont Melin-Rûg A FB

) A 5

Tank (

h t

) P

m Works (u Sewage th a P CR

)

u Bdy

( ED r

T t

a CH P

) 144.7m m (u th Pa 51019,Rhug Farm, Tir Gofal HE1 assessment, 1999

) m u ( h t a P Coed y Fron 80374,Pentre Walben house

CS Maes Brith Cottage FB Issues 162.8m BM 180.11m 145.5m

189.8m 1.22m RH Coed Afal 200.9m BM 214.20m 173.2m

BM 198.32m )

TCB

212.3m u

)

f (

Plas

Add m

Bach e

( h

t a a

P P

Bryn-Rûg RH Well 164.4m Plas Add

Ganol m 2 .2 1

Chapel House

80472,Plas Adda farm

)

Capel Moel-Adda m

u ( h t a P

217.8m

L T

Plas Add E Heulog BM 164.77m 80376,Gwern-y-Pandy house

) m BM 146.33m (u th

a 164.7m P Dwyryd Las Ty-uchaf Plas Adda

Hen Efail

Moel-aden

(

h t

a P Collects 48473,Plas Isaf, well II

n e lw A n

f )

A m

(

h t

a P

Cefn y Fedw Well

)

u (

a P Cefn Fedw

k c r ra ua T fra t F an Cadw Listing - 15548, PENLAN FAWR, DRUID

Weir N Bron Alwen 48474,Plas Isaf, ford

Pen-y-bont ) Ford Pont Barker um 147.1m ( Trap th Salmon Pa Penlan-fawr FB Weir 146.6m Penlan-bâch 148.1m

160.2m

)

(

a P 147.4m Sinks 153.5m 157.4m

BM 158.32m

w -

148.0m

e P

on outlined in green, scale 1:10,000 at A4. 1:10,000 at scale on outlined in green,

)

(

h Ɵ

a P TCB Rhyd-y-fen Issues Rhyd-y-fen Path (um)

)

(

c h

a r t T a

102608,Pont Barker

T E Druid The Druids River Gauge GP Cadw Listing - 15547, THE DRUIDS, DRUID 150.8m Glanaber 5

)

GP u

Tyn Celyn (

The Old Post Office t

BM 152.30m a P

80579,Caefaes trackway )

) ( h

um t ( 9

Pa th 4 100804,Rhyd Y Fen cairn a 80456,Druid mill

P BM 152.42m Glan Fair A

80458,Rhyd-y-fen cottage

Mill Druid

5 4 A A Mill Druid Pond

Spring ) (um ath

P Druid Felin Bach Garage 80457,Caefaes farm Pond Figure 1: Site loca 1: Site Figure dots; HER shown as red the CPAT from (Sites buildings shown as pink squares) listed

Tyn Celyn

)

m u

u a

r (

f Caefaes F

t t

a P N Path (um) 160.8m 153.5m Well

)

Tai-uchaf m (u th Pa BM 165.19m 80371,Tai uchaf farm Spring BM 179.05m

Sheep Pens )

Druid Village

(

Well

a P Bont Bren 172.5m Sheep Dip

153.2m

y a

67608,Druid, quarry L Pont Bren

)

um ( th a P BM 164.77m

Cae Gwenyn Path (um)

)

u (

Ty-mawr a P 80459,Bron-Wynedd farm Track Cadw Listing - 15549, TY MAWR, FOUR CROSSES Mile Stone 173.1m Well Bronwynedd Sinks BM 152.66m

BM 167.28m

)

(

a P Co Const, Asly ER, UA & C Bdy

A L

n T

o f E

Issues

T E The Bungalow Issues

Issues S

C k

a r T Bryncoch

The Hand

A Four Crosses

4 A 104525,Four Crosses Farm 153.9m Farm Sinks Sinks

Fourcrosses

r T LB BM 172.00m Issues Gwynfa Preswylfa Llys Derfel

Gwernydd

)

(

a Plas yn Ddol

P 80478,Plas-yn-ddol footbridge

R C Fechan Ysgubor Dip Sheep Spring Lay-by Well 101863,Plas-yn-ddol spearhead 156.5m Ty'n-y-wern Tyddyn Ucha

Well

Yen

Issues H

R Ysgubor

2 . 1

s 80377,Ty'n-y-wern farm

n i

r T Well

c Pond

a r

T ) m BM 158.82m (u h t LLP ES100021719 2010. Carterjonas Copyright Crown a P Spring

Cefn-y-fedw

S C Spring Add Plas Bach 157.4m Add Ganol 160.2m

Plas Add Heulog

)

u (

h t

153.5m

Pen-y-bont

1 2 80376,Gwern-y-Pandy house 2 Hen Efail Salmon Weir 148.1m 1 8 Trap Weir 3 6 7 4 147.4m 5 Approximate cable trench location 9 Pont Barker Trerddol Af on A lwe n

d wergod Pen-y-

Path (um)

Path (um) Figure 2: Site locaƟon outlined in green, scale 1:2000 at A4. Aeon Archaeology (um) Bron Alwen Richard Cooke BA MA Path 146.6m (Sites from the CPAT HER shown as red dots; 17 Cecil Street, Boughton, Chester. Cheshire CH3 5DP new archaeological sites shown as blue dots) Tel: 07866925393 www.aeonarchaeology.co.uk Figure 3: Tithe map of Gwyddelwern Parish 1841. (Proposed Aeon Archaeology Richard Cooke BA MA development area outlined in green). 17 Cecil Street, Boughton, Chester. Cheshire CH3 5DP Tel: 07866925393 www.aeonarchaeology.co.uk Figure 4: First EdiƟon County Series Ordnance Survey map of 1875. Aeon Archaeology Richard Cooke BA MA Scale 1:1500 at A4. 17 Cecil Street, Boughton, Chester. Cheshire CH3 5DP (Proposed development area outlined in green) Tel: 07866925393 www.aeonarchaeology.co.uk Figure 5: Second EdiƟon County Series Ordnance Survey map of 1901. Aeon Archaeology Richard Cooke BA MA Scale 1:1500 at A4. 17 Cecil Street, Boughton, Chester. Cheshire CH3 5DP (Proposed development area outlined in green) Tel: 07866925393 www.aeonarchaeology.co.uk

Pen-y-bont

2 1

Salmon Weir 148.1m Trap

6 Weir

5 4 7 1 2 3

8 Pont Barker

Figure 6: DirecƟon of photographs. Scale 1:500 at A4. Aeon Archaeology Richard Cooke BA MA (Number denotes plate number) 17 Cecil Street, Boughton, Chester. Cheshire CH3 5DP Tel: 07866925393 www.aeonarchaeology.co.uk Plate 01: Iron bridge (feature 3) from the east.

Plate 02: Fieldwall (feature 4) from the southeast. Scale 1.0m Plate 03: Fieldwall (feature 5) from the northwest. Scale 1.0m.

Plate 04: Fishery building (feature 6) from the southwest. Scale 1.0m. Plate 06: Salmon holding tanks outlet sluice (feature 6) from the northeast. Scale 1.0m. Plate 05: Salmon holding tanks (feature 6) from the southwest. Scale 1.0m. Plate 07: Fieldwall/ ﬂood barrier (feature 7) from the northwest. Scale 1.0m.

Plate 08: Trackway (feature 9) from the north. Scale 1.0m.