DOCSLIB.ORG

Utricularia Cornigera Studnička and U. Nelumbifolia Gardner (Lentibulariaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Utricularia Cornigera Studnička and U. Nelumbifolia Gardner (Lentibulariaceae) Protoplasma (2017) 254:353–366 DOI 10.1007/s00709-016-0956-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Floral ultrastructure of two Brazilian aquatic-epiphytic bladderworts: Utricularia cornigera Studnička and U. nelumbifolia Gardner (Lentibulariaceae) Bartosz J. Płachno1 & Małgorzata Stpiczyńska2 & Kevin L. Davies3 & Piotr Świątek4 & Vitor Fernandes Oliveira de Miranda5 Received: 6 January 2016 /Accepted: 22 February 2016 /Published online: 5 March 2016 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Utricularia cornigera and Utricularia nelumbifolia was the presence of relatively large, polymorphic plastids are giant, aquatic-epiphytic species of carnivorous blad- (chromoplasts) containing many plastoglobuli. Similar derwort from southeastern Brazil that grow in the central plastids are known to occur in the fragrance-producing ‘urns’ of bromeliads. Both species have large, colourful (osmophores) and oil-producing (elaiophores) tissues of flowers. The main aim of our study is to ascertain whether several orchid species. Thus, these palate papillae may the prominent floral palate of U. cornigera and play a key role in providing the olfactory stimulus for U. nelumbifolia functions as an unguentarius—i.e. an or- the attraction of insect pollinators. Nectariferous tri- gan that bears osmophores. Floral tissues of both species chomes were observed in the floral spurs of both species, were investigated using light microscopy, scanning elec- and in U. nelumbifolia, free nectar was also recorded. The tron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and location, micro-morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure histochemistry. Floral palates of U. cornigera and of the floral palate of the two species investigated may U. nelumbifolia provide clear visual signals for pollinat- thus indicate that the palate functions as an unguentarius. ing insects. In both species, the palate possesses diverse Furthermore, the flowers of these taxa, like those of micro-morphology, comprising unicellular, conical to vil- U. reniformis, have features consistent with bee liform papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, glandular tri- pollination. chomes that frequently display terminal branching. The most characteristic ultrastructural feature of these papillae Keywords Bladderwort . Carnivorous plant . Floral micro-morphology . Lentibulariaceae . Osmophore . Palate . Pollination . Sect. Iperua . Ultrastructure Handling Editor: Andreas Holzinger * Bartosz J. Płachno [email protected] Introduction One of the largest families of carnivorous plants is 1 Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian Lentibulariaceae, its largest genus being Utricularia L., University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland which is well known for its bladder-type traps that capture 2 Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Botanic Garden Al. prey (Juniper et al. 1989;Adamec2011). Utricularia spe- Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland cies possess a bilabiate corolla extending posteriorly to 3 School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main form a floral spur. The colour of the corolla, which typi- Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK cally measures 5 mm–2cm(Taylor1989), changes to 4 Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of yellow and/or violet. The largest flowers for the genus Silesia, 9 Bankowa St., 40-007 Katowice, Poland occur in aquatic-epiphytic species which grow in the cen- ‘ ’ 5 Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de tral urns of bromeliads (Utricularia cornigera Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Univ Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Studnička, Utricularia nelumbifolia Gardner and Câmpus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Utricularia humboldtii Schomb., all species of sect. 354 B.J. Płachno et al. Iperua P. Taylor), some terrestrial/lithophyte species trichomes (osmophores) densely distributed upon the (Utricularia reniformis A.St.-Hil sect. Iperua, modified floral appendages (Płachno et al. 2015). Utricularia longifolia sect. Phyllosperma P. Taylor) and According to Taylor (1989), the lower lip of the corolla of some epiphytic species (e.g. Utricularia alpina Jacq. sect. Utricularia is expanded, forming the palate. This structure is Orchidioides A.DC.—Taylor 1989; Guisande et al. 2007; often ornamented, is pubescent or glandular, and often has Studnička 2009, 2011). These all have showy flowers and diagnostic value in taxonomical studies. Moreover, the palate are often cultivated as ornamental carnivorous plants. can easily be distinguished from the rest of the corolla owing Furthermore, some have formed the subject of embryolog- to its distinctly different colour. ical (Płachno and Świątek 2012), seed and seedling struc- This study aims to identify the site of floral scent pro- ture (Studnička 2009;Płachno and Świątek 2010; duction and secretion in Utricularia sect. Iperua.Inpar- Menezes et al. 2014), ecological (Studnička 2011)and ticular, it aims to ascertain whether the prominent palate genetic studies (Clivati et al. 2012).Withthesoleexcep- functions as an unguentarius—i.e. an organ that bears tion of U. reniformis (Clivati et al. 2014), detailed obser- scent glands or osmophores (Płachno et al. 2015). The vations of plant–pollinator interactions are lacking for micro-morphology of the floral spurs of both species these species. Pollination of the small, terrestrial species was also investigated. Utricularia albocaerulea Dalz., Utricularia graminifolia Vahl. (=Utricularia purpurascens Graham) and Utricularia reticulata Sm. (sect. Oligocista A.DC.) was reported in detail by Hobbhahn et al. (2006), who showed Material and methods that they were pollinated by numerous insect pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, moths and dipterans. To date, Species used in this study include U. cornigera Studnička only two species of pollinators (Xylocopa sp. and clone U9B (which was used as the holotype, Studnička Bombus sp.) have been recorded for U. reniformis 2009) and clone U9 obtained from Botanická zahrada (Clivati et al. 2014). Recently, however, it was proposed Liberec, Czech Republic (Fig. 1a–c)andU. nelumbifolia that in the Australian species Utricularia dunlopii,where Gardner obtained from the living collections of Jagiellonian the nectary spur is reduced, pollinators are attracted large- University Botanical Garden in Kraków. Some additional ma- ly by the insectiform configuration of the flower and vol- terial was provided by Botanická zahrada Liberec, atilization of fragrance putatively produced by glandular Czech Republic (Fig. 8a, b). Fig. 1 Gross and floral morphology of Utricularia cornigera. a Cultivated clone U9B at Botanic Garden Liberec. b Floral morphology of Utricularia cornigera clone U9B: palate (arrows) with distinct nectar guides. c Floral morphology of Utricularia cornigera clone U9: palate (arrows). d Micro- morphology of palate; bar =300μm. e Conical papillae (dorsal and lateral views) of palate coinciding with position of nectary guides; pollen grain (arrow); bar =100μm Palate of aquatic-epiphytic bladderworts 355 Fig. 2 Micro-morphology of Utricularia cornigera palate. a Papillae and glandular trichomes; bar =300μm. b Glandular trichomes with acorn-shaped head; bar =50μm. c Glandular trichome with bicellular head; head cells are of similar size; bar =30μm. d Glandular trichome with bicellular head; head cells differ in size; bar =20μm Floral structure and histochemistry Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków. The distribution of secretory glandular trichomes and unicel- Semi-thin sections (0.9–1.0 μm thick) were prepared lular papillae was determined by examining entire flowers for light microscopy (LM) and stained for general histol- using a Nikon SZ100 stereoscopic microscope. We interpret ogy using aqueous methylene blue/azure II (MB/AII) for the term ‘palate’ in Utricularia as the inflated base of the 1–2 min (Humphrey and Pittman 1974) and examined lower lip of the corolla, which differs both morphologically with an Olympus BX60 light microscope. The periodic and in terms of colour from the remaining part of the perianth. acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction was also used to reveal the Floral parts bearing papillae and glandular trichomes, presence of insoluble polysaccharides, and Sudan Black namely the palate and spur, were examined using light micros- B was used to detect the presence of lipids (Jensen copy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and trans- 1962). Staining for total proteins was achieved using mission electron microscopy (TEM), as follows: Firstly, the Coomassie brilliant blue R250 or Ponceau 2R (Fisher epidermis of the floral palate was examined during anthesis, 1968; Ruzin 1999). Material was also tested for lipids, and pieces of floral tissue were excised and fixed in 2.5 % (v/v) starch and mucilage using a saturated ethanolic solution glutaraldehyde 2.5 % (v/v) formaldehyde in 0.05 M sodium of Sudan III, aqueous IKI (iodine-potassium iodide) solu- cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) for 2 h at 4 °C, washed three times tion and ruthenium red solution, respectively (Ruzin in 0.05 sodium cacodylate buffer pH 7 and post-fixed in 1 % 1999). (w/v) osmium tetroxide solution for 1.5 h at 0 °C. Dehydration A Nikon Eclipse E200 camera and an Olympus BX60 using a graded ethanol series and infiltration and embedding microscope were used for general photography and using an epoxy embedding medium kit (Fluka) followed. micrometry/photomicrography, respectively. Following polymerization at 60 °C, sections
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Status of Insectivorous Plants in Northeast India
    Technical Refereed Contribution Status of insectivorous plants in northeast India Praveen Kumar Verma • Shifting Cultivation Division • Rain Forest Research Institute • Sotai Ali • Deovan • Post Box # 136 • Jorhat 785 001 (Assam) • India • [email protected] Jan Schlauer • Zwischenstr. 11 • 60594 Frankfurt/Main • Germany • [email protected] Krishna Kumar Rawat • CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute • Rana Pratap Marg • Lucknow -226 001 (U.P) • India Krishna Giri • Shifting Cultivation Division • Rain Forest Research Institute • Sotai Ali • Deovan • Post Box #136 • Jorhat 785 001 (Assam) • India Keywords: Biogeography, India, diversity, Red List data. Introduction There are approximately 700 identified species of carnivorous plants placed in 15 genera of nine families of dicotyledonous plants (Albert et al. 1992; Ellison & Gotellli 2001; Fleischmann 2012; Rice 2006) (Table 1). In India, a total of five genera of carnivorous plants are reported with 44 species; viz. Utricularia (38 species), Drosera (3), Nepenthes (1), Pinguicula (1), and Aldrovanda (1) (Santapau & Henry 1976; Anonymous 1988; Singh & Sanjappa 2011; Zaman et al. 2011; Kamble et al. 2012). Inter- estingly, northeastern India is the home of all five insectivorous genera, namely Nepenthes (com- monly known as tropical pitcher plant), Drosera (sundew), Utricularia (bladderwort), Aldrovanda (waterwheel plant), and Pinguicula (butterwort) with a total of 21 species. The area also hosts the “ancestral false carnivorous” plant Plumbago zelayanica, often known as murderous plant. Climate Lowland to mid-altitude areas are characterized by subtropical climate (Table 2) with maximum temperatures and maximum precipitation (monsoon) in summer, i.e., May to September (in some places the highest temperatures are reached already in April), and average temperatures usually not dropping below 0°C in winter.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Unusual Morphologies in Lentibulariaceae (Bladderworts and Allies) And
    Annals of Botany 117: 811–832, 2016 doi:10.1093/aob/mcv172, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org REVIEW: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON DEVELOPMENTAL ROBUSTNESS AND SPECIES DIVERSITY Evolution of unusual morphologies in Lentibulariaceae (bladderworts and allies) and Podostemaceae (river-weeds): a pictorial report at the interface of developmental biology and morphological diversification Rolf Rutishauser* Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland * For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 30 July 2015 Returned for revision: 19 August 2015 Accepted: 25 September 2015 Published electronically: 20 November 2015 Background Various groups of flowering plants reveal profound (‘saltational’) changes of their bauplans (archi- tectural rules) as compared with related taxa. These plants are known as morphological misfits that appear as rather Downloaded from large morphological deviations from the norm. Some of them emerged as morphological key innovations (perhaps ‘hopeful monsters’) that gave rise to new evolutionary lines of organisms, based on (major) genetic changes. Scope This pictorial report places emphasis on released bauplans as typical for bladderworts (Utricularia,approx. 230 secies, Lentibulariaceae) and river-weeds (Podostemaceae, three subfamilies, approx. 54 genera, approx. 310 species). Bladderworts (Utricularia) are carnivorous, possessing sucking traps. They live as submerged aquatics (except for their flowers), as humid terrestrials or as epiphytes. Most Podostemaceae are restricted to rocks in tropi- http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/ cal river-rapids and waterfalls. They survive as submerged haptophytes in these extreme habitats during the rainy season, emerging with their flowers afterwards. The recent scientific progress in developmental biology and evolu- tionary history of both Lentibulariaceae and Podostemaceae is summarized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Terrestrial Carnivorous Plant Utricularia Reniformis Sheds Light on Environmental and Life-Form Genome Plasticity
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article The Terrestrial Carnivorous Plant Utricularia reniformis Sheds Light on Environmental and Life-Form Genome Plasticity Saura R. Silva 1 , Ana Paula Moraes 2 , Helen A. Penha 1, Maria H. M. Julião 1, Douglas S. Domingues 3, Todd P. Michael 4 , Vitor F. O. Miranda 5,* and Alessandro M. Varani 1,* 1 Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; [email protected] (S.R.S.); [email protected] (H.A.P.); [email protected] (M.H.M.J.) 2 Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-070, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; [email protected] 4 J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; [email protected] 5 Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.F.O.M.); [email protected] (A.M.V.) Received: 23 October 2019; Accepted: 15 December 2019; Published: 18 December 2019 Abstract: Utricularia belongs to Lentibulariaceae, a widespread family of carnivorous plants that possess ultra-small and highly dynamic nuclear genomes. It has been shown that the Lentibulariaceae genomes have been shaped by transposable elements expansion and loss, and multiple rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD), making the family a platform for evolutionary and comparative genomics studies. To explore the evolution of Utricularia, we estimated the chromosome number and genome size, as well as sequenced the terrestrial bladderwort Utricularia reniformis (2n = 40, 1C = 317.1-Mpb).
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska
    Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting
    [Show full text]
  • Australia Lacks Stem Succulents but Is It Depauperate in Plants With
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Australia lacks stem succulents but is it depauperate in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)? 1,2 3 3 Joseph AM Holtum , Lillian P Hancock , Erika J Edwards , 4 5 6 Michael D Crisp , Darren M Crayn , Rowan Sage and 2 Klaus Winter In the flora of Australia, the driest vegetated continent, [1,2,3]. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a water- crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), the most water-use use efficient form of photosynthesis typically associated efficient form of photosynthesis, is documented in only 0.6% of with leaf and stem succulence, also appears poorly repre- native species. Most are epiphytes and only seven terrestrial. sented in Australia. If 6% of vascular plants worldwide However, much of Australia is unsurveyed, and carbon isotope exhibit CAM [4], Australia should host 1300 CAM signature, commonly used to assess photosynthetic pathway species [5]. At present CAM has been documented in diversity, does not distinguish between plants with low-levels of only 120 named species (Table 1). Most are epiphytes, a CAM and C3 plants. We provide the first census of CAM for the mere seven are terrestrial. Australian flora and suggest that the real frequency of CAM in the flora is double that currently known, with the number of Ellenberg [2] suggested that rainfall in arid Australia is too terrestrial CAM species probably 10-fold greater. Still unpredictable to support the massive water-storing suc- unresolved is the question why the large stem-succulent life — culent life-form found amongst cacti, agaves and form is absent from the native Australian flora even though euphorbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Vascular Plants of New England, Station Bulletin, No.528
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository NHAES Bulletin New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station 4-1-1985 Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.528 Crow, G. E. Hellquist, C. B. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/agbulletin Recommended Citation Crow, G. E.; Hellquist, C. B.; and New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, "Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.528" (1985). NHAES Bulletin. 489. https://scholars.unh.edu/agbulletin/489 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NHAES Bulletin by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BIO SCI tON BULLETIN 528 LIBRARY April, 1985 ezi quatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 8. Lentibulariaceae by G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03824 UmVERSITY OF NEV/ MAMP.SHJM LIBRARY ISSN: 0077-8338 BIO SCI > [ON BULLETIN 528 LIBRARY April, 1985 e.zi quatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 8. Lentibulariaceae by G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03824 UNtVERSITY or NEVv' MAMP.SHI.Ht LIBRARY ISSN: 0077-8338 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank Drs. Robert K. Godfrey and George B. Rossbach for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for use of their collections: BRU, CONN, CUW, GH, NHN, KIRI, MASS, MAINE, NASC, NCBS, NHA, NEBC, VT, YU.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Selected Literature and Epiphyte Classification
    --------- -- ---------· 4 CHAPTER 1 REVIEW OF SELECTED LITERATURE AND EPIPHYTE CLASSIFICATION 1.1 Review of Selected, Relevant Literature (p. 5) Several important aspects of epiphyte biology and ecology that are not investigated as part of this work, are reviewed, particularly those published on more. recently. 1.2 Epiphyte Classification and Terminology (p.11) is reviewed and the system used here is outlined and defined. A glossary of terms, as used here, is given. 5 1.1 Review of Selected, Relevant Li.terature Since the main works of Schimper were published (1884, 1888, 1898), particularly Die Epiphytische Vegetation Amerikas (1888), many workers have written on many aspects of epiphyte biology and ecology. Most of these will not be reviewed here because they are not directly relevant to the present study or have been effectively reviewed by others. A few papers that are keys to the earlier literature will be mentioned but most of the review will deal with topics that have not been reviewed separately within the chapters of this project where relevant (i.e. epiphyte classification and terminology, aspects of epiphyte synecology and CAM in the epiphyt~s). Reviewed here are some special problems of epiphytes, particularly water and mineral availability, uptake and cycling, general nutritional strategies and matters related to these. Also, all Australian works of any substance on vascular epiphytes are briefly discussed. some key earlier papers include that of Pessin (1925), an autecology of an epiphytic fern, which investigated a number of factors specifically related to epiphytism; he also reviewed more than 20 papers written from the early 1880 1 s onwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem
    Check List 9(2): 186–207, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir PECIES S OF Mandar Nilkanth Datar 1* and P. Lakshminarasimhan 2 ISTS L (Molem) National Park, Goa, India *1 CorrespondingAgharkar Research author Institute, E-mail: G. [email protected] G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004. Maharashtra, India. 2 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711 103. West Bengal, India. Abstract: Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, the only National park in Goa, was evaluated for it’s diversity of Angiosperms. A total number of 721 wild species belonging to 119 families were documented from this protected area of which 126 are endemics. A checklist of these species is provided here. Introduction in the National Park are Laterite and Deccan trap Basalt Protected areas are most important in many ways for (Naik, 1995). Soil in most places of the National Park area conservation of biodiversity. Worldwide there are 102,102 is laterite of high and low level type formed by natural Protected Areas covering 18.8 million km2 metamorphosis and degradation of undulation rocks. network of 660 Protected Areas including 99 National Minerals like bauxite, iron and manganese are obtained Parks, 514 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation. India Reserves has a from these soils. The general climate of the area is tropical and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 158,373 km2 with high percentage of humidity throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Composition of a Neotropical Inselberg from Espírito Santo State, Brazil: an Important Area for Conservation
    13 1 2043 the journal of biodiversity data 11 February 2017 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 13(1): 2043, 11 February 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.15560/13.1.2043 ISSN 1809-127X © 2017 Check List and Authors Floristic composition of a Neotropical inselberg from Espírito Santo state, Brazil: an important area for conservation Dayvid Rodrigues Couto1, 6, Talitha Mayumi Francisco2, Vitor da Cunha Manhães1, Henrique Machado Dias4 & Miriam Cristina Alvarez Pereira5 1 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Quinta da Boa Vista, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 29013-600, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil 4 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, CEP 28550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil 5 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Alto Guararema, s/no, CEP 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil 6 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Our study on granitic and gneissic rock outcrops environmental filters (e.g., total or partial absence of soil, on Pedra dos Pontões in Espírito Santo state contributes to low water retention, nutrient scarcity, difficulty in affixing the knowledge of the vascular flora of inselbergs in south- roots, exposure to wind and heat) that allow these areas eastern Brazil. We registered 211 species distributed among to support a highly specialized flora with sometimes high 51 families and 130 genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Pollution Indicator Plants
    Water pollution indicator plants 1. Utricularia graminifolia: is a small perennial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. It is native to Asia, where it can be found in Burma, China, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. U. graminifolia grows as a terrestrial or affixed subaquatic plant in wet soils or in marshes, usually at lower altitudes but ascending to 1,500 m (4,921 ft) in Burma. 2. Chara: is a genus of green algae in the family Characeae. They are multicellular and superficially resemble land plants because of stem-like and leaf-like structures. They are found in fresh water, particularly in limestone areas throughout the northern temperate zone, where they grow submerged, attached to the muddy bottom. 3. Wolffia: is a genus of 9 to 11 species which include the smallest flowering plants on Earth. Commonly called watermeal or duckweed, these aquatic plants resemble specks of cornmeal floating on the water. Wolffia species are free-floating thalli, green or yellow-green, and without roots. Soil Pollution indicator Plants 1. Psoralea: is a genus in the legume family (Fabaceae). Although most species are poisonous, the starchy roots of P. esculenta (breadroot, tipsin, or prairie turnip) and P. hypogaea are edible. A few species form tumbleweeds. Common names include tumble- weed (P lanceolata), and white tumbleweed. 2. Andropogon: (common names: beard grass, bluestem grass, broom sedge) is a genus of grasses. Andropogon gerardii, big bluestem, is the official state grass of Illinois.[2] There are about 100 species. 3. Shorea robusta: also known as śāl or shala tree, is a species of tree belonging to the Dipterocarpaceae family.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Carnivorous Plants N
    AUSTRALIAN NATURAL HISTORY International Standard Serial Number: 0004-9840 1. Australian Carnivorous Plants N. S. LANDER 6. With a Thousand Sea Lions JUDITH E. KING and on the Auckland Islands BASIL J . MAR LOW 12. How Many Australians? W. D. BORRIE 17. Australia's Rainforest Pigeons F. H. J. CROME 22. Salt-M aking Among the Baruya WILLIAM C. CLARKE People of Papua New Guinea and IAN HUGHES 25. The Case for a Bush Garden JEAN WALKER 28. "From Greenland's Icy Mountains . .... ALEX RITCHIE F RO NT COVER . 36. Books Shown w1th its insect prey is Drosera spathulata. a Sundew common 1n swampy or damp places on the east coast of Australia between the Great Div1d1ng Range and the AUSTRALIAN NATURAL HISTORY 1s published quarterly by The sea. and occasionally Australian Museum. 6-8 College Street. Sydney found 1n wet heaths in Director Editorial Committee Managing Ed 1tor Tasman1a This species F H. TALBOT Ph 0. F.L S. HAROLD G COGGER PETER F COLLIS of carnivorous plant also occurs throughout MICHAEL GRAY Asia and 1n the Philip­ KINGSLEY GREGG pines. Borneo and New PATRICIA M McDONALD Zealand (Photo S Jacobs) See the an1cle on Australian car­ ntvorous plants on page 1 Subscrtpttons by cheque or money order - payable to The Australian M useum - should be sent to The Secretary, The Australian Museum. P.O. Box 285. Sydney South 2000 Annual Subscription S2 50 posted S1nglc copy 50c (62c posted) jJ ___ AUSTRALIAN CARNIVOROUS PLANTS By N . S.LANDER Over the last 100 years a certain on ly one.
    [Show full text]
  • Enzymatic Activities in Traps of Four Aquatic Species of the Carnivorous
    Research EnzymaticBlackwell Publishing Ltd. activities in traps of four aquatic species of the carnivorous genus Utricularia Dagmara Sirová1, Lubomír Adamec2 and Jaroslav Vrba1,3 1Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, BraniSovská 31, CZ−37005 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic; 2Institute of Botany AS CR, Section of Plant Ecology, Dukelská 135, CZ−37982 Trebo˜, Czech Republic; 3Hydrobiological Institute AS CR, Na Sádkách 7, CZ−37005 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic Summary Author for correspondence: • Here, enzymatic activity of five hydrolases was measured fluorometrically in the Lubomír Adamec fluid collected from traps of four aquatic Utricularia species and in the water in Tel: +420 384 721156 which the plants were cultured. Fax: +420 384 721156 • In empty traps, the highest activity was always exhibited by phosphatases (6.1– Email: [email protected] 29.8 µmol l−1 h−1) and β-glucosidases (1.35–2.95 µmol l−1 h−1), while the activities Received: 31 March 2003 of α-glucosidases, β-hexosaminidases and aminopeptidases were usually lower by Accepted: 14 May 2003 one or two orders of magnitude. Two days after addition of prey (Chydorus sp.), all doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00834.x enzymatic activities in the traps noticeably decreased in Utricularia foliosa and U. australis but markedly increased in Utricularia vulgaris. • Phosphatase activity in the empty traps was 2–18 times higher than that in the culture water at the same pH of 4.7, but activities of the other trap enzymes were usually higher in the water. Correlative analyses did not show any clear relationship between these activities.
    [Show full text]