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Iudaea Capta Vs. Mother Zion: the Flavian Discourse on Judaeans and Its Delegitimation in 4 Ezra
Journal for the Study of Judaism 49 (2018) 498-550 Journal for the Study of Judaism brill.com/jsj Iudaea Capta vs. Mother Zion: The Flavian Discourse on Judaeans and Its Delegitimation in 4 Ezra G. Anthony Keddie1 Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada [email protected] Abstract This study proposes that the empire-wide Iudaea capta discourse should be viewed as a motivating pressure on the author of 4 Ezra. The discourse focused on Iudaea capta, Judaea captured, was pervasive across the Roman empire following the First Revolt. Though initiated by the Flavians, it became misrecognized across the Mediterranean and was expressed in a range of media. In this article, I examine the diverse evidence for this discourse and demonstrate that it not only cast Judaeans as barbaric enemies of Rome using a common set of symbols, but also attributed responsibility for a minor provincial revolt to a transregional ethnos/gens. One of the most distinctive symbols of this discourse was a personification of Judaea as a mourning woman. I argue that 4 Ezra delegitimates this Iudaea capta discourse, with its mourning woman, through the counter-image of a Mother Zion figure who transforms into the eschatological city. Keywords Iudaea capta/Judaea capta − Flavian dynasty − 4 Ezra − Roman iconography − Jewish-Roman relations − Mother Zion − apocalyptic discourse − First Jewish Revolt 1 I would like to thank Steven Friesen and L. Michael White for their helpful feedback and insightful suggestions on earlier versions of this study. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2018 | doi:10.1163/15700631-12494235Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 11:31:49PM via free access Iudaea Capta vs. -
(2007) 30 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 201-212
Deakin Research Online Deakin University’s institutional research repository DDeakin Research Online Research Online This is the authors final peer reviewed version of the item published as: Mendelson, Danuta 2007, Roman concept of mental capacity to make end-of-life decisions, International journal of law and psychiatry, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 201-212. Copyright : 2007, Elsevier Ltd (2007) 30 IJLP 201 Danuta Mendelsona, ”Roman concept of mental capacity to make end-of-life decisions” (2007) 30 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 201-212 aSchool of Law, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia Abstract When assessing decisional competence of patients, psychiatrists have to balance the patients' right to personal autonomy, their condition and wishes against principles of medical ethics and professional discretion. This article explores the age-old legal and ethical dilemmas posed by refusal of vital medical treatment by patients and their mental capacity to make end-of-life decisions against the background of philosophical, legal and medical approaches to these issues in the time of the Younger Pliny (c62–c113 CE). Classical Roman discourse regarding mental competency and "voluntary death" formed an important theme of the vast corpus of Greco-Roman writings, which was moulded not only by legal permissibility of suicide but also by philosophical (in modern terms, moral or ethical) considerations. Indeed, the legal and ethical issues of evaluating the acceptability of end of life decisions discussed in the Letters are as pertinent today as they were 2000 years ago. We may gain valuable insights about our own methodologies and frames of reference in this area of the law and psychiatry by examining Classical Roman approaches to evaluating acceptability of death-choices as described in Pliny's Letters and the writings of some of his peers. -
Herakles Iconography on Tyrrhenian Amphorae
HERAKLES ICONOGRAPHY ON TYRRHENIAN AMPHORAE _____________________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia _____________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts ______________________________________________ by MEGAN LYNNE THOMSEN Dr. Susan Langdon, Thesis Supervisor DECEMBER 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Susan Langdon, and the other members of my committee, Dr. Marcus Rautman and Dr. David Schenker, for their help during this process. Also, thanks must be given to my family and friends who were a constant support and listening ear this past year. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS……………………………………………………………..v Chapter 1. TYRRHENIAN AMPHORAE—A BRIEF STUDY…..……………………....1 Early Studies Characteristics of Decoration on Tyrrhenian Amphorae Attribution Studies: Identifying Painters and Workshops Market Considerations Recent Scholarship The Present Study 2. HERAKLES ON TYRRHENIAN AMPHORAE………………………….…30 Herakles in Vase-Painting Herakles and the Amazons Herakles, Nessos and Deianeira Other Myths of Herakles Etruscan Imitators and Contemporary Vase-Painting 3. HERAKLES AND THE FUNERARY CONTEXT………………………..…48 Herakles in Etruria Etruscan Concepts of Death and the Underworld Etruscan Funerary Banquets and Games 4. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………..67 iii APPENDIX: Herakles Myths on Tyrrhenian Amphorae……………………………...…72 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………..77 ILLUSTRATIONS………………………………………………………………………82 iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Tyrrhenian Amphora by Guglielmi Painter. Bloomington, IUAM 73.6. Herakles fights Nessos (Side A), Four youths on horseback (Side B). Photos taken by Megan Thomsen 82 2. Tyrrhenian Amphora (Beazley #310039) by Fallow Deer Painter. Munich, Antikensammlungen 1428. Photo CVA, MUNICH, MUSEUM ANTIKER KLEINKUNST 7, PL. 322.3 83 3. Tyrrhenian Amphora (Beazley #310045) by Timiades Painter (name vase). -
Girls, Girls, Girls the Prostitute in Roman New Comedy and the Pro
Xavier University Exhibit Honors Bachelor of Arts Undergraduate 2016-4 Girls, Girls, Girls The rP ostitute in Roman New Comedy and the Pro Caelio Nicholas R. Jannazo Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH Follow this and additional works at: http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Ancient Philosophy Commons, Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, Classical Literature and Philology Commons, and the Other Classics Commons Recommended Citation Jannazo, Nicholas R., "Girls, Girls, Girls The rP ostitute in Roman New Comedy and the Pro Caelio" (2016). Honors Bachelor of Arts. Paper 16. http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab/16 This Capstone/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate at Exhibit. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Bachelor of Arts by an authorized administrator of Exhibit. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Xavier University Girls, Girls, Girls The Prostitute in Roman New Comedy and the Pro Caelio Nick Jannazo CLAS 399-01H Dr. Hogue Jannazo 0 Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................................2 Chapter 1: The meretrix in Plautus ..................................................................................................7 Chapter 2: The meretrix in Terence ...............................................................................................15 Chapter 3: Context of Pro Caelio -
The Palmyrene Prosopography
THE PALMYRENE PROSOPOGRAPHY by Palmira Piersimoni University College London Thesis submitted for the Higher Degree of Doctor of Philosophy London 1995 C II. TRIBES, CLANS AND FAMILIES (i. t. II. TRIBES, CLANS AND FAMILIES The problem of the social structure at Palmyra has already been met by many authors who have focused their interest mainly to the study of the tribal organisation'. In dealing with this subject, it comes natural to attempt a distinction amongst the so-called tribes or family groups, for they are so well and widely attested. On the other hand, as shall be seen, it is not easy to define exactly what a tribe or a clan meant in terms of structure and size and which are the limits to take into account in trying to distinguish them. At the heart of Palmyrene social organisation we find not only individuals or families but tribes or groups of families, in any case groups linked by a common (true or presumed) ancestry. The Palmyrene language expresses the main gentilic grouping with phd2, for which the Greek corresponding word is ØuAi in the bilingual texts. The most common Palmyrene formula is: dynwpbd biiyx... 'who is from the tribe of', where sometimes the word phd is omitted. Usually, the term bny introduces the name of a tribe that either refers to a common ancestor or represents a guild as the Ben Komarê, lit. 'the Sons of the priest' and the Benê Zimrâ, 'the sons of the cantors' 3 , according to a well-established Semitic tradition of attaching the guilds' names to an ancestor, so that we have the corporations of pastoral nomads, musicians, smiths, etc. -
TRADITIONAL POETRY and the ANNALES of QUINTUS ENNIUS John Francis Fisher A
REINVENTING EPIC: TRADITIONAL POETRY AND THE ANNALES OF QUINTUS ENNIUS John Francis Fisher A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY RECOMMENDED FOR ACCEPTANCE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS SEPTEMBER 2006 UMI Number: 3223832 UMI Microform 3223832 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 © Copyright by John Francis Fisher, 2006. All rights reserved. ii Reinventing Epic: Traditional Poetry and the Annales of Quintus Ennius John Francis Fisher Abstract The present scholarship views the Annales of Quintus Ennius as a hybrid of the Latin Saturnian and Greek hexameter traditions. This configuration overlooks the influence of a larger and older tradition of Italic verbal art which manifests itself in documents such as the prayers preserved in Cato’s De agricultura in Latin, the Iguvine Tables in Umbrian, and documents in other Italic languages including Oscan and South Picene. These documents are marked by three salient features: alliterative doubling figures, figurae etymologicae, and a pool of traditional phraseology which may be traced back to Proto-Italic, the reconstructed ancestor of the Italic languages. A close examination of the fragments of the Annales reveals that all three of these markers of Italic verbal art are integral parts of the diction the poem. Ennius famously remarked that he possessed three hearts, one Latin, one Greek and one Oscan, which the second century writer Aulus Gellius understands as ability to speak three languages. -
Plautus, with an English Translation by Paul Nixon
'03 7V PLAUTUS. VOLUMK I. AMPHITRYON. THE COMEDY OF ASSES. THE POT OF GOLD. THE TWO BACCHISES. THE CAPTIVES. Volume II. CASIXA. THE CASKET COMEDY. CURCULIO. EPIDICUS. THE TWO MENAECHMUSES. THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY E. CAPPS, PH.])., LL.J1. T. E. PAGE, litt.d. ^V. H. D. ROUSE, LiTT.D. PLAUTUS III "TTTu^^TTr^cJcuTr P L A U T U S LVvOK-..f-J WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY PAUL NIXON PROFESSOR OF LATIN, BOWDOIS COLLEGE, UAINE IN FIVE VOLUMES III THE MERCHANT THE BRAGGART WARRIOR THE HAUNTED HOUSE THE PERSIAN LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MCMXXIV Printed in Great Britain THE GREEK ORIGINALS AND DATES OF THE PLAYS IN THE THIRD VOLUME The Mercator is an adaptation of Philemon's Emporos}- When the Emporos was produced^ how- ever, is unknown, as is the date of production of the Mercator, and of the Mosldlaria and Perm, as well. The Alason, the Greek original of the Milex Gloriosus, was very likely written in 287 B.C., the argument ^ for that date being based on interna- tional relations during the reign of Seleucus,^ for whom Pyrgopolynices was recruiting soldiers at Ephesus. And Periplectomenus's allusion to the imprisonment of Naevius* might seem to suggest that Plautus composed the Miles about 206 b.c. Philemon's Fhasma was probably the original of the Mostellaria, and written, as it apparently was, after the death of Alexander the Great and Aga- thocles,^ we may assume that Philemon presented the Phasma between 288 b.c. and the year of the death of Diphilus,^ who was living when it was produced. -
A Darker Pliny Working Papers on Nervan, Trajanic and Hadrianic Literature 1.12
Roy Gibson: A Darker Pliny Working Papers on Nervan, Trajanic and Hadrianic Literature 1.12 A DARKER PLINY Roy Gibson [email protected] This is a short summary of a longer article “Not Dark Yet … :Reading to the End of Pliny’s Nine-Book Collection”. The full version will appear as a chapter in I. Marchesi (ed.), Betting on Posterity: Pliny as Bookmaker (OUP, 2014). The text of the summary appears (in slightly different form) also in R. Gibson, ‘Reading the letters of Sidonius by the Book’, in J. van Waarden and G. Kelly (eds.), New Approaches to Sidonius Apollinaris (Peeters, 2013). The popular perception of Pliny is that of a sunny and optimistic writer. In the opening words of Stanley Hoffer’s influential monograph on Pliny, ‘The leading trait in Pliny’s epistolary self-portrait is his confidence … Pliny presents a man and a world that have the fewest possible anxieties’.1 Such self-confidence is not without its problems (or interest) for modern critics, since – as Hoffer goes on to persuasively suggest – ‘[Pliny’s] cheerful and confident picture is designed to wish away the basic tensions and contradictions of his upper-class Roman life’.2 Hoffer then makes it his business to bring the worries which Pliny is trying to conceal or wish away to the top of the critical agenda – hence the title of his monograph: The Anxieties of Pliny the Younger. Nevertheless, Pliny’s reputation for sunny optimism (and concealed anxieties) is not an entirely accurate reflection of the character of all nine books of his letter collection. -
The Maltese Islands and the Sea in Antiquity
THE MALTESE ISLANDS AND THE SEA IN ANTIQUITY The Maltese Islands and the Sea in Antiquity TIMMY GAMBIN The events of history often lead to the islands… F. Braudel THE STRETCHES OF SEA EXTANT BETWEEN ISLANDS AND mainland may be observed as having primary-dual functionalities: that of ‘isolating’ islands and that of providing connectivity with land masses that lay beyond the islands’ shores. On smaller islands especially, access to the sea provided a gateway from which people, goods and ideas could flow. This chapter explores how, via their surrounding seas, events of history often led to the islands of Malta and Gozo. The timeframe covered consists of over one thousand years (circa 700 BC to circa 400 AD); a fluid period that saw the island move in and out of the political, military and economic orbits of various powers that dominated the Mediterranean during these centuries. Another notion of duality can be observed in the interaction that plays out between those coming from the outside and those inhabiting the islands. It would be mistaken to analyze Maltese history solely in the context of great powers that touched upon and ‘colonized’ the islands. This historical narrative will also cover important aspects such as how the islands were perceived from those approaching from out at sea: were the islands a hazard, a haven or possibly both at one and the same time? It is also essential to look at how the sea was perceived by the islanders: did the sea bring welcome commercial activity to the islands shores; did it carry 1 THE MALTESE ISLANDS AND THE SEA pirate vessels and enemy ships? As important as these questions are, this narrative would be incomplete without reference to how the sea helped shape and mould the way in which the people living on Malta and Gozo chose (or were forced) to live. -
Plautus, with an English Translation by Paul Nixon
^-< THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY I FOUKDED BY JAMES IXtEB, liL.D. EDITED BY G. P. GOOLD, PH.D. FORMEB EDITOBS t T. E. PAGE, C.H., LiTT.D. t E. CAPPS, ph.d., ii.D. t W. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. t L. A. POST, l.h.d. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.b.hist.soc. PLAUTUS IV 260 P L A U T U S WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY PAUL NIXON DKAK OF BOWDODf COLUDOB, MAin IN FIVE VOLUMES IV THE LITTLE CARTHAGINIAN PSEUDOLUS THE ROPE T^r CAMBRIDOE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MCMLXXX American ISBN 0-674-99286-5 British ISBN 434 99260 7 First printed 1932 Reprinted 1951, 1959, 1965, 1980 v'Xn^ V Wbb Printed in Great Britain by Fletcher d- Son Ltd, Norwich CONTENTS I. Poenulus, or The Little Carthaginian page 1 II. Pseudolus 144 III. Rudens, or The Rope 287 Index 437 THE GREEK ORIGINALS AND DATES OF THE PLAYS IN THE FOURTH VOLUME In the Prologue^ of the Poenulus we are told that the Greek name of the comedy was Kapx^Sdvios, but who its author was—perhaps Menander—or who the author of the play which was combined with the Kap;^8ovios to make the Poenulus is quite uncertain. The time of the presentation of the Poenulus at ^ Rome is also imcertain : Hueffner believes that the capture of Sparta ' was a purely Plautine reference to the war with Nabis in 195 b.c. and that the Poenulus appeared in 194 or 193 b.c. The date, however, of the Roman presentation of the Pseudolus is definitely established by the didascalia as 191 b.c. -
Near-Miss Incest in Plautus' Comedies
“I went in a lover and came out a brother?” Near-Miss Incest in Plautus’ Comedies Although near-miss incest and quasi-incestuous woman-sharing occur in eight of Plautus’ plays, few scholars treat these themes (Archibald, Franko, Keyes, Slater). Plautus is rarely rec- ognized as engaging serious issues because of his bawdy humor, rapid-fire dialogue, and slap- stick but he does explore—with humor—social hypocrisies, slave torture (McCarthy, Parker, Stewart), and other discomfiting subjects, including potential social breakdown via near-miss incest. Consummated incest in antiquity was considered the purview of barbarians or tyrants (McCabe, 25), and was a common charge against political enemies (e.g. Cimon, Alcibiades, Clo- dius Pulcher). In Greek tragedy, incest causes lasting catastrophe (Archibald, 56). Greece fa- vored endogamy, and homopatric siblings could marry (Cohen, 225-27; Dziatzko; Harrison; Keyes; Stärk), but Romans practiced exogamy (Shaw & Saller), prohibiting half-sibling marriage (Slater, 198). Roman revulsion against incestuous relationships allows Plautus to exploit the threat of incest as a means of increasing dramatic tension and exploring the degeneration of the societies he depicts. Menander provides a prototype. In Perikeiromene, Moschion lusts after a hetaera he does not know is his sister, and in Georgos, an old man seeks to marry a girl who is probably his daughter. In both plays, the recognition of the girl’s paternity prevents incest and allows her to marry the young man with whom she has already had sexual relations. In Plautus’ Curculio a soldier pursues a meretrix who is actually his sister; in Epidicus a girl is purchased as a concu- bine by her half-brother; in Poenulus a foreign father (Blume) searches for his daughters— meretrices—by hiring prostitutes and having sex with them (Franko) while enquiring if they are his daughters; and in Rudens where an old man lusts after a girl who will turn out to be his daughter. -
Advice-Giving in Roman Comedy: Speech-Act Formulation and Im/Politeness
Advice-Giving in Roman Comedy: Speech-Act Formulation and Im/politeness Łukasz Berger 1 Introduction The present chapter examines several pragmatic aspects of giving advice in Roman comedy, a speech act particularly concerned with the speakers’ self- representation and their social bonds during critical moments of the plot. While orders and threats are mechanisms of exerting power and dominance, good advice in comedy serves to portray father-son and amical relations on stage (Raccanelli 1998: 190). On the other hand, seeking, giving, and receiving advice—planned over many utterances—comprises entire scenes, in which interlocutors manage rapport, while the pragmatic meaning emerges from the on-going interaction. Accordingly, the studies on advice describe multiple possibilities of expressing advice and acknowledge ‘a certain fuzziness of the concept itself’ (Locher 2012: 7), which is also recognised in Latin scholarship (e.g. Unceta Gómez 2009: 33–34; Barrios-Lech 2016: 274). The following pages set out to address the complexity of the phenomenon of advising in Plautus and Terence, its discursive realisation and its contribution to the Latin system of politeness, as represented in the comedy texts. To this end, I will need to combine various pragmatic perspectives. The speech-act theoretical descrip- tion of advising (Section 2) will be followed by its analysis in light of the research on im/politeness (Section 3–4). In doing so, I am most indebted to two studies on Latin directives and their im/politeness value: Risselada (1993) and Barrios-Lech (2016).1 The existing accounts, arguably, can be further developed by a data-driven analysis of Latin conceptualisations of advising and its con- sequences for the management of social relations.