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EDITORS EDITORS eabh Carmen Hofmann, eabh Gabriella Massaglia, D-60314, 126-128, Landstrasse Hanauer Germany am Main, Frankfurt KEY TITLE TITLE KEY eabh bulletin Association for The European eabh - e.V. Banking and Financial History de México Banco National Bank of Moldova Nationale-Nederlanden Group Bank of Russia Slovenska banka Národná Metzler Bank 16 Mediobanca Settlements International Bank for Banque de Luxembourg Deutsche Bank Bank Central European 46 UniCredit Academic Council

eabh bulletin . LinkedIn © BIS Archive and Twitter Twitter . website listen to the the to listen Podcast Piet Clement Piet the BIS launched its 90th anniversary the occasion of On social media channels: via its book Piet Clement, historian at the BIS, did a podcast on the did a podcast on the at the BIS, historian Clement, Piet via which is accessible the BIS, origins and functions of via the BIS and LinkedIn/Twitter 3

Opened its doors on 17 May 1930 on 17 May Openedits doors , Cambridge University Press, 2020. Press, Cambridge University , - and Financial Stabil Monetary Global Promoting Bank for International Settlements International Bank for A special exhibition will be held in 2021 at the BIS Tower Tower will be held in 2021 at the BIS special exhibition A anniversary. mark the Bank’s building in Basel to BIS Tower Promoting Global Monetary Global Promoting was BIS the of history recent the on publication new A Claessens, Stijn 2020: Borio Claudio, in May released Song Shin and Hyun McCauley N. Robert Clement, Piet (eds.), Bretton after Settlements International The Bank for ity, 1973-2020 Woods, and Stability Financial

eabh bulletin - In 1967, following the death of Marcel Reckinger, Reckinger, Marcel the death of following In 1967, of the 50th anniversary long after not In 1971, European construction and the spirit of construction and the of spirit European partnership: 1951–1971 began Luxembourg in 1954 CIAL support its growth, To at 103 centre, constructing a modern building in the city two opened officially was building The new Grand-Rue. Luxembourg’s Werner, Pierre of in the presence later years CIAL, chairman of Wenger-Valentin, Jean Finance Minister, Lux CIAL Luxembourg. CIAL of CEO Reckinger, Marcel and an international to turned its attention quickly embourg building up started Frères while Banque Mathieu clientèle, clients. and French Belgian of its portfolio - Rob son his to entrusted was management joint CIAL’s market as the Eurobond In 1969, Birckel. Pierre ert and to opening began banks and foreign expand starting to was became a CIAL on a huge scale, in Luxembourg branches stake. with a 30.2% Frères in Banque Mathieu shareholder companies helped to the two between links The closer Banque de Luxembourg. boost business at the future Marie-Eugène and the death of (1970) Luxembourg CIAL who were attracted by its private, family aspect. Together Together aspect. family private, its by attracted were who pre- the difficult only tackle not had to banks the two occupation and the global conflict but also the years war con- of years four After beginning in 1940. Luxembourg of by the liberated was finally Luxembourg of the City flict, up started Businesses 1944. in September allied forces Marcel the command of under Luxembourg, and CIAL again in public the to reopened director, as appointed Reckinger, coop- by facilitated Banking also resumed, 1945. February cri- of years Those the Benelux countries. between eration its clients. towards responsibility sense of a keen forged sis 4 - - - A century-oldbank Banque de Luxembourg - became offi ‘Banque de Luxembourg’ The name In the 1930s, two new banking institutions emerged in in emerged institutions banking new two 1930s, the In and CIAL, of a branch Luxembourg, CIAL Luxembourg: in 1937 and founded was which Frères, Banque Mathieu clients with local andinternational popular proved quickly Market crash, conflict andclient trust: 1920–1950 crash, Market The history of Banque de Luxembourg, which in 2020 cel- Banque de Luxembourg, of The history to linked is closely Duchy, in the Grand years 100 ebrates whose development financial centre, the country’s that of Banque de Lux supported. actively the Bank has always embourg’s core business has evolved in parallel with the with the in parallel business has evolved core embourg’s a Initially centre. the financial choices made by strategic in the 1960s it bank serving businesses and merchants, manage- banking and asset in private expertise developed in pioneers the of one become to on going before ment, - and invest professionals management asset services for the of the history it’s all, But above fund promoters. ment to worked and relentlessly consistently who have people clients. their for solutions effective find the most back to origins date the Bank’s in fact but cial in 1978, - as invest War, World the First of In the aftermath 1920. Banque d’Alsace up, ramp starting to was in industry ment at in Luxembourg, (BAL) opened a branch de Lorraine et rever crash market the stock In 1929, 20 rue de l’Arsenal. was It world. the around exchanges stock across berated that in 1931 Société this challenging backdrop against – (SACIC) Commercial Industriel et de Crédit Alsacienne Industriel du Crédit Générale Société in 1919 by founded the business over CIC) – took future (the Commercial et Lux the notably most Lorraine, de et d’Alsace Banque of Industriel d’Alsace it Crédit and renamed branch, embourg (CIAL). de Lorraine et

eabh bulletin - In 2005 BLI – Banque de Luxembourg Investments Investments Luxembourg de Banque – BLI 2005 In change. decade of a new the start of 2010 heralded Ban- the future institution looking to century-old A with its clients provides Banque de Luxembourg In 2000 Robert Reckinger handed over the reins to Pierre Pierre to the reins handed over Reckinger In 2000 Robert The Délégué. Administrateur was who appointed Ahlborn, the banking institution into energy new breathed handover de Lux Banque For the 21st century. as it headed towards by approach a fresh take to the opportunity was it embourg expertise: pri- of areas its five developing simultaneously - businesses and entre management, asset banking, vate The and loans and credits. banking, professional preneurs, the services impressed Banque de Luxembourg’s of quality increased had wealth whose clientèle, Luxembourg local generations. the past two over significantly analytical and the Bank’s bring together established to was wins regular the company Today expertise. management Ban- performance. and quality its management for awards and adaptability cautious approach que de Luxembourg’s the impact of from its clients protect able to was it meant regula- while supporting them through the financial crisis tax secrecy. including the end of changes, tory its head office expanded Banque de Luxembourg In 2011, to sales force its entire and relocated Royal at Boulevard the Bank opened a year, In the same building. the new become its eventually would which in Belgium, branch new the Bank this impetus, As part of second biggest market. HSH Nordbank banking business of the private acquired - Bank plc Luxem TSB Lloyds in 2011, Banking SA Private bol- further in 2013, SA in 2012 and Banque LBLux bourg banking institution. its position as a leading private stering to its ability is attributable to longevity que de Luxembourg’s the strong and to its history throughout and innovate adapt and Europe. Luxembourg it has established in both foothold individu- a long line of of the commitment But it is also due to and pass grow safeguard, purpose has been to whose core als the to one generation from entrepreneurship of on a legacy decade. decade after Excellence, of build a House and to next increasingly their meet sustainable solutions to practical, Luxembourg’s has become one of It needs. sophisticated a solid his- inherited having leading banking institutions, And 1920. dating back to and commitments values of tory its teams so much change, undergoing world in a so today, in its history... chapters the next preparing are Financial crisis and service crisis new Financial model: 2000–2020 groups. The financial soundness of the Crédit Mutuel-CIC Mutuel-CIC Crédit the of The financial soundness groups. that meant shareholder, Banque de Luxembourg’s Group, with foundations had the solid Banque de Luxembourg the long term. over build its business which to 5 - - - Banque de Luxembourg CIAL Luxembourg and Banque de Luxembourg and Banque de Luxembourg Luxembourg CIAL its new opened de Luxembourg In 1994 Banque In the aftermath of the first oil crisis, a period of of a period the first oil crisis, of In the aftermath a difficult period economi- 1980s proved The early In 1988, following the success of European investment investment European success of the following In 1988, services for the Bank’s funds domiciled in Luxembourg, - the Bank cre In 1998, flourished. customers professional con- fund investment independent an Fund-Market, ated to this new base access its client offer to way as a sultancy, its reputation by driven the same time, At solution. savings became a Banque de Luxembourg management, wealth in in Luxembourg. banking player private recognised - develop To underpin its merger. announced their officially head new a build to decided Banque de Luxembourg ment, when phi- was This brand. a single under and operate office one of sponsorship became and arts and culture lanthropy convictions the with consonance in values, core Bank’s the management. its senior of repu- of its worthy a building in Royal, Boulevard 14, at offices (Miami), Arquitectonica firm architectural Designed by tation. At most iconic buildings. City's Luxembourg one of it is now over taken was the CIC group in 1998, this period, the end of biggest banking France’s one of form to Mutuel Crédit by Keeping pace with Luxembourg’s financial financial with Luxembourg’s pace Keeping 1988–1999 centre: ships has continued ever since. ever ships has continued 1972–1987 andOil crises diversification: climate, this uncertain In began. change and transformation to with clients closely more even partnered business teams became banking private as 1977, In interests. their protect clients, with German especially international, increasingly whom it had historical with Deutsche Bank, invited CIAL Frères, in Banque Mathieu stake a minority take to links, Banque de Lux changed its name to which at that point Lux in off take to funds continued As investment embourg. launched a professional Banque de Luxembourg embourg, banking business. banking business alongside its private nationalise its decided to government In 1981 the French cally. line. firing the in themselves found CIAL and CIC and banks, - estab therefore was de Gestion (CFG) Compagnie Financière with base client an affluent the demand of meet lished to the pioneers and it soon became one of needs, sophisticated focus Such client Luxembourg. business in office family of quickly. business and trust grew and both worth, its proved Mathieu, and under the chairmanship of Emile Spielrein, Spielrein, Emile of the chairmanship and under Mathieu, its stake increased CIAL Strasbourg, CIAL chairman of - thus making Luxem 100%, to Frères in Banque Mathieu in CIAL’s a full partner banking expertise private bourg’s partner forge to ability The Bank’s momentum. growth

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1945 the Second doors after its reopens Luxembourg CIAL CEO. is appointed Reckinger Marcel War. World 1954 build a sec to Luxembourg CIAL prompts Business growth opened in 1956. officially ond building at 103 Grand-Rue, 1937 Jacques Ambroise by founded is Frères Banque Mathieu Mathieu. and Marie-Eugène 1931 de Crédit Alsacienne Société into incorporated BAL, Indus- Crédit becomes (SACIC), Commercial Industriel et and establishes (CIAL) de Lorraine et triel d’Alsace Luxembourg. CIAL Banque Mathieu Frères, 80 place de la Gare (approx. 1940) © Private coll. © Private 1940) (approx. 80 place de la Gare Frères, Banque Mathieu 6

Banque de Luxembourg Administrateur Délégué Administrateur Ahlborn, Pierre 100 years: A timeline 100 years: the and same commitment. conscientiousness In a complex, changing world, we want to remain a a remain to want we world, changing In a complex, pillar of stability and continue to serve our clients with with clients serve our to and continue pillar of stability Banque d’Alsace et de Lorraine, poster by Jean-Jacques Waltz aka Hansi aka Waltz Jean-Jacques by poster de Lorraine, et Banque d’Alsace coll./DR Private (1920) 1920 - forerun the (BAL), Lorraine de et Banque d’Alsace branch first its opens Luxembourg, de Banque of ner in Luxembourg.

eabh bulletin 2005 created. S.A. Investments BLI – Banque de Luxembourg 2010 and Belgium in branch a opens Luxembourg de Banque private new with two commercially grow to continues and Ghent. in Brussels banking centres 2020 Banque de Luxembourg. of 100th anniversary 1991 Banque de by over is taken business Luxembourg’s CIAL Luxembourg. 1994 14, at Luxembourg of Banque de head office The new opened. officially Royalis Boulevard 1998 belongs, Luxembourg which Banque de to The CIC group, to Est Europe Centre Mutuel Crédit by over is taken become the CM-CIC group. 2000 Ban- Délégué of Administrateur Ahlborn becomes Pierre who Reckinger, Robert succeeding que de Luxembourg, has been at the helm since 1967. 2002 subsid- wholly-owned becomes a Banque de Luxembourg the CM-CIC group. of iary Robert Reckinger and Pierre Ahlborn (2005) © Gary Matoso Ahlborn (2005) © Gary and Pierre Reckinger Robert Banque de Luxembourg headquarters, boulevard Royal (2017) © Fernando Guerra (2017) © Fernando Royal boulevard headquarters, Banque de Luxembourg 7 Banque de Luxembourg Banque de Luxembourg Board of Directors (1981) Coll. Banque de Luxembourg (1981) Coll. Directors of Board Banque de Luxembourg Banque Mathieu Frères changes its name to Banque de Banque de changes its name to Frères Banque Mathieu Luxembourg. 1981 is founded. de Gestion (CFG) Compagnie Financière 1978 CIAL becomes a shareholder in Banque Mathieu Frères, Frères, Mathieu Banque in shareholder a becomes CIAL its capital. of acquiring 30.2% Marcel Reckinger, director, and Robert Reckinger, deputy director, director, deputy Reckinger, and Robert director, Reckinger, Marcel Banque de Luxembourg (1965) Coll. Luxembourg CIAL 1969 Robert Reckinger, François Panosetti and Pierre Birckel, with employees of of with employees Birckel, and Pierre Panosetti François Reckinger, Robert Banque de Luxembourg (1968) Coll. Luxembourg CIAL

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8 - - The result was 6 the biography of Hermann J. Abs J. Hermann of the biography 7 Why was Deutsche Bank Archive established? established? Deutsche Bank Archive was Why conse- established as a direct was Archive Deutsche Bank the Ber after weeks Two in 1961. War the Cold quence of would that the bank obvious it became built, was Wall lin the former of access the documentation be able to not again. ever or future, in the near East Berlin headquarters however, in 1970 anniversary the upcoming 100-year For - all availa access to at least have to be required would it Berlin. West and Germany West from ble documentation in Frank Archive that Deutsche Bank this reason is for It established. was furt am Main Its tasks? mission? archive’s is your Which the collection and incorporate tasks While the archive’s its mission clearly materials, relevant historically of keeping con- historical for broker a as act to namely, further, goes has been renamed the archive this reason is for It tent. in 1996. Institute’ ‘Historical history? promote does the Institute How research-on-demand this goal through achieve we Mainly Bank contracted Deutsche 1980s, Since the late projects. to occasions in order on several historians independent to look into in order in particular own history, its on reflect Regime. with the Nazi involvement its own Ufa, the world-famous film company that produced Fritz Fritz that produced film company world-famous the Ufa, Deutsche Bank? Out- by financed was ‘Metropolis’ Lang’s and is exciting relationships widespread lining these the bank itself. beyond interest evokes a series of publications- recog public wide received which during transactions gold about studies are Examples nition. War, the Second World 8

2 4 Deutsche Bank – I cannot express it more fit- it more express – I cannot 5 In conversation with Martin L.In conversation Müller Martin L. Müller works as historian and archivist and archivist as historian works Müller L. Martin and the letters of the banker Georg Solmssen. Georg the banker of and the letters 3 tingly than the famous German philosopher Odo Marquard. Odo Marquard. German philosopher than the famous tingly ‘Zukunft braucht Herkunft’ braucht ‘Zukunft findcorporate intriguing about What do you andhistory the history? documentation of credit exist- shadowy rather lead a Business and financial history big financing, Without credit so. wrongfully ence – often inno- technologic or projects culture or infrastructure This importance is often be unthinkable. would vation that example for known have would Who unrecognised. How significant is history for you?for significant is history How Deutsche Bank celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2020. in 2020. its 150th anniversary Deutsche Bank celebrated - has been curat Deutsche Bank of Institute The Historical finan- as the oldest professional history ing the bank’s to in order 1961 in founded was It Germany. in cial archive West in Deutsche Bank branches of the archives safeguard records bank’s the to Access Germany. West and Berlin since they been lost, had Berlin head office its former of Today, the divided city. part of in the eastern kept were business- and of six kilometres incorporate the archives - promo and video photographs, documents, files, personal col- the include functions Its securities. and material tion as much as research materials of lection and preservation history. of and brokerage man- since 1992 and has been its Institute at the Historical he is the chairman Since 2014, since 2006. aging director (VdW). Archives German Business Association of the of In his dissertation, he investigated the history of build- of history the investigated he dissertation, his In published further He (1924-1948). in Germany ing societies DWS company management the asset of about the growth Group

eabh bulletin 3 9 Deutsche Bank 2 1 1. Martin L. Müller in conversation with Peter Gleber with Peter in conversation Müller L. Martin 1. Deutschen Bank. der 150 Momente volume the for selecting photographs Frost and Reinhard Müller L. Martin 2. Archive Deutsche Bank In the corridors of 3.

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> https://www.wirtschaftsarchive.de The foundation GIZ – Information Centre for Cooperative History is History Cooperative for Centre – Information GIZ The foundation foundedwas The GIZ German cooperatives. of the history the hub for Federal the of foundation in trust 2004 as a non-profit in December its in Berlin and started (BVR) Banks German Cooperative Association of the DZ the BVR, in addition to are, Founders 2005. at the beginning of work the The aim of (ADG). German Cooperatives of Academy and the AG BANK cooperatives heritage of the cultural safeguard sustainably is to foundation in Germany. Wirschaftsarchivare deutscher Vereinigung Insbesondere die Förderung und Erleichterung der Handelsbeziehungen der und Erleichterung die Förderung Insbesondere Ländern und den übrigen Europäischen zwischen Deutschland, Aktien-Gesellschaft Deutschen Bank der Statut überseeischen Märkten“ 3f. p. (Berlin), (1870) The Deutsche Bank. Schenk (2020), and C. Nützenadel A. W., Plumpe, < https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/deutsche- (London). Global Hausbank bank-the-global-hausbank-1870-2020-9781472977298/ Müller, M.L., 2006. DWS Investments, Eine Erfolgsgeschichte: 1956-2006 1956-2006 Eine Erfolgsgeschichte: Investments, DWS 2006. M.L., Müller, (Munich). Solmssen - ein deutscher Georg (2012), (eds.) Müller L. and M. H. James, am Main). (Frankfurt 1900-1956 Jahrhundert aus einem halben Bankier: Briefe needs past' 'Future and the Deutsche Bank Dictatorship The Nazi (2004), H. James, E.g.: EconomicThe Deutsche Bank and the Nazi (2001), H. James, (Cambridge).; (Cambridge). Jews the Against War during the Transactions The Deutsche Bank and its Gold (1999), J. Steinberg, (Munich). War Second World (Munich). Eine Biographie Abs. Josef Hermann Bankier Der (2004), L. Gall, Deutsche Bank and the Banking on Global Markets. (2008), C. Kobrak, (Cambridge). the Present 1870-to States, United https://www.bankgeschichte.de/index_e.html Deutsche Jahre 50 verbinden. Welten leben. Europa (2020), C. Kopper, (Luxembourg). Bank in Luxemburg Deutschen Bank. der 150 Momente (2020), Frost and R. L. M. Müller, Lutz Kleinhans (Frankfurt) von Fotografiert <

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Which are your plans for the future? the future? plans for your are Which the to in relation projects towards working just are We Bank Luxembourg Deutsche of anniversary 50-year other with cooperation plans for have Do you institutions? credit for plans concrete any have do not we moment the At with that the exchange I can say However, cooperation. and cooperative the German savings colleagues from eabh colleagues is European as my well as sector banks’ close and inspiring. always this conversation. for very much Thank you GIZ – of Head Gleber, Peter by taken was The interview The original text History. Cooperative for Centre Information its members. for eabh translated in German. written was Schinski Frank Fotograf AG, All images: © Deutsche Bank OSTKREUZ who documented all important events of Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank of events important all documented who 1989. 1967 until from Frankfurt a publication about the photographer Lutz Kleinhans, Lutz the photographer a publication about 10 - - Deutsche Bank Three external, external, Three 12 ) plays an impor ) plays 10 To support these projects, these projects, support To 9 which is now more relevant than ever. than ever. relevant more which is now 11 independent authors worked from 2015 until 2020 on this 2020 on this 2015 until from worked authors independent analysed They the bank. of on the history view overall new of phases different following development of years 150 its Werner and economic globalisation. internationalisation a close look takes Frankfurt) University Plumpe (Goethe founda- the bank’s globalisation from of at the first era - Alexan Following, War. World the First until tion in 1870 showcases Berlin) University (Humboldt Nützenadel der busi- 1914 – 1989 and how period from the extended Ger by much impacted very was ness during this time Cathe- Concluding, conditions. national framework man look to ever to first the is University) (Oxford Schenk rine the acquisi- after the bank from of at the development The today. 1989 until at the end of Grenfell Morgan tion of role a central Bank played Deutsche of Archive Historical with the authors provided We publication process. in the of the development showcase to in order original sources system. the German economic and financial the Historical Association of Deutsche Bank (Historische Deutsche Bank (Historische Association of the Historical e.V. Deutschen Bank Gesellschaft der One crucial contribution of the Historical Institute to the the to Institute the Historical of crucial contribution One the book: has been the publication of 150th anniversary The Global Hausbank’. ‘Deutsche Bank. Which is the contribution of the Historical Institute Institute of the is the Historical Which contribution the 150th of Deutsche Bank? anniversary to Deutsche Bank is one of the few companies that still uses companies that still uses the few is one of Deutsche Bank years established 150 was when it the same name it had runs history its own understanding of The company’s ago. the bank year, in its anniversary now, In particular deep. ‘in was its foundation that the purpose of again realises relations trade of easing and promotion the particular and countries European the other Germany, between markets’, overseas What would you think is your personal personal think is your you What would Deutsche Bank? Do you to contribution work? effectsyour of positive recognise - who was the bank’s spokesperson of the management the management of spokesperson the bank’s was who - on perspective the long-term - or years many for board the Bank. the US business of tant role. This society, founded in 1991, is a non-for-profit is a non-for-profit in 1991, founded This society, role. tant Its members. 2,000 almost which counts organisation, banking and its political, of the history make is to intention audi- wider a to available contexts economic and cultural - tradi channels: from different This happens trough ence. and social media. content website tional publications to than more example, For events. lecture are pillar Another - the biogra of the 2019 presentation 350 guests attended Deutsche of CEO the legendary Herrhausen, Alfred of phy in 1989. assassinated was who Bank

eabh bulletin - - - ‘Euro of The topic . 2

The Delors Committee met officially eight times times eight officially met The Delors Committee The 1980s were a period of acceleration for the the for acceleration a period of were The 1980s kets and monetary policy in particular was an arcane topic topic arcane an was particular in policy monetary and kets the uni- during the 1980s, Still, voters. of the majority to within the respect considerable enjoyed fication project the long before homogeneous Community, still relatively the EU. of expansion Further, April 1989. 1988 and 12 13 September between The period. this during meetings informal some were there the goal determined the Delors Committee of report final high up on policy a common economic and monetary of - ‘com leaders: national and Community the agendas of services, capital, of movement) free (i.e. freedom’ plete bank of integration the with together persons and goods of parities exchange of locking ing and financial markets; - interpre of variety a for room left surely pean unification’ mar of and integration tations among national leaders, personnel continuity at leadership level, sound expertise, sound expertise, at leadership level, personnel continuity as in the well as as employer prestige enjoyed and they and community politicians on national For public. general - and prefere mostly partners considered were they levels, at times. as opponents but could be regarded ably, previous to compared integration, European of project and solely The then smaller decades. and subsequent led mainly was Community Economic European Western unification. European which fostered a political elite by - Marga prime minister Kingdom under the United Only, - enthusias being overly not for known was Thatcher ret be forgotten should not It integration. tic about European of a majority by was supported unification that the aim of in the EEC Voters during this period. voters people and i.e. centrist, of in favour voted the EU regularly and later national governments Europe-friendly 11 On the road to monetary to union On the road European Central Bank Central European Later, between 1994 and 1997, Lamfalussy Lamfalussy 1994 and 1997, between Later, 1 The Committee, while primarily composed of cen- of composed while primarily The Committee, amongst a divergence was During this period there The Delors Committee 1988 – 1989 and its records Committee The Delors The Delors Committee – a central bankers’ bankers’ – a central The Committee Delors committee? of the Study for ‘Committee the of The establishment known primarily later Union’, and Monetary Economic - Euro the of one outcome was as Delors Committee, As decided 1988. June in pean Council held in Hanover - then presi Delors, Jacques by chaired was it in Hanover, - Euro of and consisted Commission, the European of dent bank governors central (EEC) Community pean Economic Lamfalussy, Alexandre among them and additional experts, - Settle International the Bank for of manager the general in Basel. ments became the first president of the European Monetary Monetary European the of became the first president laid the objectives of a result was The EMI (EMI). Institute entitled the Delors Committee, of report in the final down - union in the Euro on economic and monetary ‘Report also known April 1989, published on 12 pean Community’, as ‘Delors Report’. the European of acting upon a mandate was bankers, tral estab- to was The aim government. heads of Community goods, for and a common market Union lish a European This barriers. internal without and capital labour services, and a policy monetary should also include a harmonized single currency. concerning the level the Community of states member example: For banks. central national of independence of as not was Banque de France powerful) the (traditionally though Even as the Deutsche Bundesbank. independent within the limited more was bank independence central a powerful formed already bank governors central EEC, with equipped were banks Central voice. and respected

eabh bulletin 12 European Central Bank Central European 1 1. EC President Delors meets with students in Brussells during 1985 in Brussells with students Delors meets President EC 1.

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4 Basel, Basel, 5 The records once The records 6 kept by Gunter D. Baer were delivered to the BIS archives, the BIS archives, to delivered were Baer D. Gunter by kept however The BIS archives 2005. until remained they where Delors the as ownership, of question the with concerned was also was It the BIS. up by set an entity not was Committee albeit the Commission, the European of a sub-group not mind in Bearing chairperson. its was president Commission’s up this group had set Hanover Council of that the European Bank Central the European union, on the monetary work to to these records place for as an appropriate contacted was the rather 2005, in September Consequently, be preserved. transferred was meter) one linear small collection (around the Delors Subsequently, am Main. Frankfurt Basel to from in and re-housed re-packaged were records Committee described in and summarily materials storage quality archival an inventory. an inventory. leaders; as ‘only the central bankers could remove the the could remove bankers the central ‘only leaders; as wrote. James as Harold a Union, to way on the obstacles’ as symbol of central bank independence, hosting the Bank hosting the Bank bank independence, central of as symbol (BIS) including the Commit- Settlements International for Com- Delors the for décor ideal the was Governors, of tee institution The BIS as a prestigious deliberations. mittee certainly bank governors central of predominance the and but bank forum, a central was the idea that this purported the by to be approved report had the final even not: was it Commission. European Past and present of the Committee’s records of the and Committee’s present Past stage of in an earlier active was The Delors Committee value This means that the and use. automatization office or e-mail e.g. by limited not was evidence its recorded of record inescapable losses for mobile phone usage and their documented was the Delors Committee De facto, keeping. Delors The way. different details but in similar, twice in a on dependent highly were and its meetings Committee also called (then secretaries two the services and input of bankers central the influential were These rapporteurs). Schioppa (Banca Padoa Tommaso (BIS) and Baer D. Gunter - offi not were they rapporteurs, or As secretaries d’Italia). but attended the Delors Committee, of members cially also term, expression using Lamfalussy’s was, There ex-officio. - and mainte ownership to with regard anomaly’ ‘structural a Delors the transferred Schioppa Padoa records: the of nance his personal as a part of in his custody, records Committee Union the European of Archives the Historical to archives, as a deposit in 2009. (HAEU) in Florence Or a bit less subtle, Lamfalussy remarked on the incongru- remarked Lamfalussy a bit less subtle, Or the for bizarre fairly ‘It’s in retrospect: the structure of ity be chairing a committee! to the Commission of President secondly, And anomaly. structural a of something was This be held in Basel, that the meetings proposed he himself banks.’ central the bamboozle did really he where

13 - - - - - European Central Bank Central European It was part of part of was It 3 The second stage could only commence with the the with commence only could stage second The three map and the proposed road The report’s bank gover central of the predominance Despite The Hanover European Council proposal to follow follow to Council proposal European The Hanover a political road map to include the idea of a single cur include the idea of map to a political road rency of the EEC and then of the EU, as part of a unified a unified as part of the EU, and then of the EEC of rency achieved been have not could This area. market European was it Therefore, bank governors. central the EEC against the give to diplomacy European of a masterpiece certainly and bank forum a central of the looks Delors Committee travel of while the direction these governors, involve to national and the Delors as such politicians by set was nors as members of the Delors Committee, it was neither neither was it the Delors Committee, nors as members of the inter reflect did it fully nor banks central for a forum never ‘There governors. bank the central aims of ests and the decisions had if been a single currency have would in interest a real was There banks. the central to been left - those rep principally was but it it among the governors, said a quar Lamfalussy the smallest countries’, resenting the Delors Committee. after century ter in 1964. which became the Treaty Community a new of ratification of ‘Treaty as known better Union’, European on ‘Treaty new A 1992. signed on 7 February was which Maastricht’, be established to was Banks Central of System European Com- the replace would which stage, second the during - Eco European related and the closely Governors of mittee The European in 1973. founded Fund, nomic Co-operation January on 1 existence came into which Institute, Monetary the was This stage bodies. both of on the role took 1994, the which involved stage, the third phase for preparatory a single cur of the introduction rates, exchange of fixing policy. monetary a harmonized of and the adoption rency as intended effect put into subsequently were stages to meant was the last stage In theory, the report. by last permanently. national Community currencies, co-ordination of mon- of co-ordination currencies, national Community The supervision. and banking price stability policy, etary with specific long was an ambitious proposal report final the Community. of the development goals for term economic and established monetary the fully into steps by elaborated further was ‘stages’, as known rather unit, in implemented and subsequently the Delors Committee aimed at the first stage factors, other Among the 1990s. states member Community of convergence an improved an intensified market; the internal of and the completion for mandate and a new policy monetary of co-ordination the of Banks the Central of Governors of the Committee Community. Economic European the of States Member Basel-based the of dissolution the foreshadowed This which had been established Governors of Committee

eabh bulletin 5 3 14 European Central Bank Central European 4 2 2. Jacques Delors doing a speech about his appointment as European Commission President at the European Parliament of Strasbourg in January 1985 January in Strasbourg of Parliament at the European Commission President as European Delors doing a speech about his appointment Jacques 2. in 1985 in Strasbourg Parliament the European of Delors in the hemicycle Jacques 3. in 1989 the ECU of - 10th anniversary in Strasbourg Parliament at the European Europe of Union the Monetary Association for the of Meeting 4. Delors in 1980Jacques MEP of Portrait 5.

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See online: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/access_to_documents/ archives/html/index.en.html The current version of the Decision of the European Central Bank Central the European the Decision of of version The current Bank Central European to 2004 on public access 4 March of published in 2015. was (2004/258/EC) (ECB/2004/3) documents See online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ PDF/?uri=CELEX:02004D0003(01)-20150329&from=EN The other members were: Niels Thygesen, professor at the University of of at the University professor Thygesen, Niels were: members The other de España the Banco Exterior of president Miquel Boyer, Copenhagen, Commission and the European of vice-president Andriessen, and Frans and Fisheries. Agriculture for Commissioner ‘anti-European’ and more centrist less success of stronger Amazingly, Parliament. the European in the elections for obvious was politicians Döring: Holger / See Philip Manow domestic reasons. this had often Even and mechanical causes Electoral Style? European Government Divided MPlfG Discussion and Council Divisions, Parliament the European of Cologne, Societies of the Studies for Planck Institute Max 06/8, Paper See online: 12. p. particular in 2006, December mpifg_dp/dp06-8.pdf Lamfalussy. Alexandre Sabine Péters: / Maes Ivo / Lamfalussy Christophe 134. p. Tielt 2013, the Euro, wise man of The the of The role Union. Monetary the European Making James: Harold the European origins of and the Bank Governors Central of Committee 213. p. 2012, London / Cambridge (Mass.) Bank, Central 135. p. l.c., Lamfalussy, Padoa by records Delors Committee of The inventory online: https://archives.eui.eu/en/ Schioppa can be found fonds/281336?item=TPS.A.B-04.04 1983 1 February of 354/83 No Euratom) (EEC, Council Regulation the of archives the historical public of the concerning the opening to Energy Atomic and the European Community Economic European 1 – 3 p. 15.2.1983, 43, L OJ Community.

9. have also been promoted across the ECB’s social media social media ECB’s the across promoted also been have way, In this Twitter). LinkedIn, Instagram, (e.g. platforms general a and researchers students, attract to hope we these records and using in discovering audience interested monetary European the of historiography a new create to integration. European of process union and the ongoing Weber Matthias Bank Central All images: © European 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 15 European Central Bank Central European . The . 2004 7 The major difference was that was that difference The major 8 The ECB historical archives comprises comprises archives historical The ECB 9 Even a relative young organisation such as the such as the organisation young a relative Even - tran meeting minutes, The Delors Committee At present, summary versions of archival cata- archival of versions summary present, At not only records created by the ECB from 1998 onwards, 1998 onwards, from the ECB by created records only not the 1960s and even dating back to collections but other is by fonds the Delors Committee Among those, earlier. records Delors Committee all 2019, From the smallest. far been thus made have age and are of years 30 reached have Board the Executive Subsequently, the public. to available of release’ ‘proactive Council aimed at the and Governing of and the abolishment predecessors the ECB of records these collections including the EMI for the 30-years-rule 1998. 1994 to dating from records which does memory, historical a considerable has got ECB minutes, papers such as Board consist of exclusively not his- institutional and monetary of set large a of rather but the changes and also show these records of Many tory. time: carbon copies from over quality paper of deficiencies delivery and the unforgotten even or era, the typewriter mediums included, are the 1980s of machine paper fax cate without publishing web for scanned easily be cannot that bank some even archives, Many concerns. preservation Anglo-Saxon in the especially bank archives and central finan- of Archives in this respect. active rather are world of been the avant-garde not surely cial institutions have is understand- this reservation and the digitised archives, and confidentiality discretion traditional their able given more goes towards trend the overall However, concerns. marketing’. ‘history communication and even transparency, the general for offers low-threshold show archives Many via the in particular the non-researcher, for today, public is ‘accessibility’ user; expert the will also help This internet. work. successful archival of the main factors one of on available now are documents and supporting scripts These and German. French in English, website the ECB ECB Decision on public access to documents held by by held documents on public access to Decision ECB consult to requests all For this. alter not did ECB the was application written a records the Delors Committee ECB enable the to manner precise ‘in a sufficiently needed the document’. identify to Bringing the Delors Committee to the public to Bringing the Committee Delors the ECB, to transferred was fonds when this ago, years 15 an urgent not was records Committee opening the Delors for 30-years-period the standard applies The ECB issue. of terms the under in its custody, records of the release 354/83 Regulation Community the European restrictions concerning records access are abolished after abolished after access are concerning records restrictions ‘historical’. then seen as are and records years, 30 held records about the historical logues and information - web via the available are archives historical the ECB by the ECB. of site

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- pre Archive Historical ‘VincenzoMaranghi’ The - Histori ‘Vincenzo Maranghi’ The Mediobanca the unique contribution of Acknowledgement the Bank has decided to In this initial phase, the merely is archive Mediobanca the fact, In the journalist Paolo Bricco (Il Sole24Ore). (Pictures 2–4) (Pictures (Il Sole24Ore). Bricco the journalist Paolo - Ita part of and forms Mediobanca of the legacy serves has always Mediobanca heritage. cultural collective ly’s the of form in the its legacy, in preserving care great taken Inter national and of and network documents company the into develop it to allowed that have national relations panorama. bank it is in the economic and financial Bank had been in the in 2012 after instituted Archive, cal making with the mission of is tasked years, 66 business for consultation. for available this legacy the economic and to make is able to that Mediobanca that cul- various initiatives to led Italy of financial history of ‘declaration a obtaining Archive in 2014 in the minated NAME. by issued interest’ historical important particularly year. in the same on cataloguing the archive began Work available the documents make has chosen to Mediobanca premises, at its own form consultation in digitalized for is which The inventory, the originals. preserve to in order bring- can be accessed digitally, format, in tree organized images in each holding immediately ing up the document found. were which they in in the order its his- of years the first twenty of the documents make 31 December (1946) to its inception from available: tory anticipated. are documents of releases Future 1966. essen sources historical of network vast a last part of economy. the Italian of the history reconstructing tial to archives the historical to linked In this it is inextricably that in 1946 national interest’ of ‘banks the three of established Mediobanca. 16 - - - - Mediobanca consultation in November 2019 consultation in November Opened its historical archive for for archive Openedits historical Giuseppe Berta (Bocconi Univer 1 The book contains the full transcription of the the of the full transcription The book contains the that allow unpublished documents These are His- the of Director Scientific Malfa, La Giorgio the book’s by then discussed was case The Olivetti The Archive’s first publication was presented dur was presented first publication Archive’s The ing the event, a volume containing sources on the Olivetti on the Olivetti sources containing volume a ing the event, 1964. crisis of the recording meetings of memos and minutes internal from team’, ‘intervention so-called the by rescue Olivetti execution. the origins to without fil- the operation, the heart of access to reader and inside’, the ‘from understanding perfect a providing ters, perspec different from be analysed the episode to allowing the lack of been possible due to not which has hitherto tives, business archives. from taken documents series of organic - Lom for Superintendent Archival and the Archive, torical and dealt all attendants welcomed Annalisa Rossi, bardy with the institutional formalities. Bar with Federico – (co-author Morreale Giampietro editor on the paper an important – of Italy) (Bank of Amidei biellini case), Olivetti-Underwood This important moment in the history of Mediobanca was was Mediobanca of in the history moment This important Chairman, the Bank’s which at event a public by marked - that his pre awareness his keen of spoke Pagliaro, Renato with agreed have not almost certainly would decessors without the public to Archive open the the decision to while at the same time being taken, certain precautions the kind business history, passion for his own recognizing internal own companies’ be nourished by that can only 1) (Picture documentation. sity of Milan), an economic historian who has written semi- written who has an economic historian Milan), of sity and the industrialist Carlo De industry, nal pages on Italian that to inseparably linked been has name whose Benedetti, by moderated was The discussion since the 1970s. Olivetti of

eabh bulletin 3 4 2 17 Mediobanca 1 1. A letter from Enrico Cuccia, the first and long-term President of Mediobanca, to editor Giuseppe Laterza, kindly declining his invitation to include a volume to include a declining his invitation kindly Giuseppe Laterza, editor to Mediobanca, of President and long-term the first Cuccia, Enrico from letter A 1. banks. Italian of in a series about the history history about Mediobanca’s 2019 in November Mediobanca of Archive the Historical of Opening 2-4.

eabh bulletin 18 Mediobanca 5 5. The savings books with the golden Ambrogino on the cover Ambrogino with the golden books The savings 5.

eabh bulletin - The term ‘banks of national interest’ was national interest’ of ‘banks The term Origins of the banks of national interest of national of theOrigins banks and Banco Italiano Credito Italiana, Banca Commerciale – became state-owned banks ‘mixed’ – large di Roma so that Given 1929-33. economic crisis of the following - interven required they illiquid, were assets their of many equilib- financial their re-establish ‘to the state tion from paid to was this operation for The capital required rium’. indus- their all the sale of for in return banks the three la Ricostruzione per Istituto the to trial investments been just had only which IRI, 1934. in (IRI) Industriale the Italian much of of thus became shareholder up, set national of banks including the three economic system, in sector banking the of reform The themselves. interest oper a new to move banks large the three 1936-38 saw arrangement. ating and legal classifica- statutory of a problem resolve to invented ‘banks as recognized were they In the beginning, tion. However, 1936). (March public law’ under incorporated in 1936 allowed approved Association Articles of in the compa- limited of characteristics their retain them to them to allow the decision to of the result was This nies. in some shareholders, private of a certain number keep This position. albeit in a minority ones, cases important - an institution incorpo been impossible for have would public law. under rated Apart from the Bank of Italy’s archive, which is obviously fundamental, fundamental, which is obviously archive, Italy’s the Bank of Apart from the Intesa 2020, June As of is a long one. bank archives the list of Cassa di of: the records also contains archive Sanpaolo historical Ambrosiano Banco – CARIPLO, Lombarde Risparmio delle Province and Banco di Banca Intesa, – IMI, Italiano Mobiliare Istituto Veneto, such as archives banks’ ‘minor’ also a host of are Then they Napoli. Banca Provinciale e Bolzano, Trento Banca di Banca dell'Adriatico, di Risparmio (Casse banks savings various Banco Lariano, Lombarda, di Civitavecchia, Viterbo, di della Provincia e della Romagna, di Forlì Venezia, di di Spoleto, di Rieti, e Pescia, di Pistoia e Rovigo, di Padova historical The UniCredit Industriale Sardo. and Credito di Bologna) Cassa di 1473, Banca Rolo of: holds the archives additionally archive Cassa di Cassamarca, Ancona, Vicenza Belluno e Verona Risparmio di e Cassa di e Rovereto Trento Cassa di Risparmio di Torino, Risparmio di comprises those of (which the Capitalia group and Trieste, Risparmio di historical add the may we these To and Banco di Sicilia). Banca di Roma di Milano the Banca Popolare of San Paolo, the Compagnia di of archive should also It is supervised). UBI (which and that of Banco BPM), (now in turn acquired have been merged that have that banks be considered medium and small institutions large, other of dozens of the archives entities. as separate exist ceased to when they F. Barbiellini Amidei, A. Goldstein and M. Spadoni, “European Acquisitions “European Spadoni, and M. Goldstein A. Amidei, Barbiellini F. Years Fifty Olivetti-Underwood Re-examining States: in the United 2010). 2 (March Economica Quaderni di Storia d’Italia, Banca Later”, 1946, from Mediobanca of Manager General Cuccia (1907-2000), Enrico 1982. which he held until a position in 1949, Director became Managing death in 2000. his 1987 until Chairman from Honorary was He

Taddeo Molino Lova Taddeo 1. 2. 3. 19 - - - Mediobanca ‘At a time when Italy when Italy a time ‘At 2 The archive of the Banca Commer the Banca of The archive 3 Enrico Cuccia wrote in 1947: wrote Cuccia Enrico The three banks of national interest were: Banca Banca were: interest national of banks three The for banks the three commissions to of Payment 1990, around until continued co-operation This the in researching interested the scholar Thus, The potential offered by this network of sources sources of this network by offered The potential

was taking its first steps to escape from the labyrinth of of the labyrinth to escape from taking its first steps was - Ital the of recovery the for essential seemed it ruins, its - pro to in order up an organization set to ian economy necessary was which investment, medium-term new mote back on its feed industry put manufacturing to in order the of requests keep the would help which and financially, banking sector the impoverished to companies themselves requirements’. the actual short-term within the limits of and Banco di Roma. Italiano Credito Italiana, Commerciale the were they Mediobanca, of as being shareholders well As depos- medium-term gathering indispensable channel for five a maximum of to year one a minimum of its (from Mediobanca new the to subscribe only could Clients years). branches. banks’ at the three deposit books tied savings with the golden covers, green hard had books The savings become so would decades that in subsequent Ambrogino 5) (Picture popular. gov was provided they service extensive and essential the the sav Later agreement. a specific of the terms erned by accounts tied current by complemented were ings books itself. which could be opened at Mediobanca compa- state-owned of privatizations of wave when the that banks between mergers of and the round nies in Italy, national interest’ of ‘banks the three led to it, followed These banking groups. and larger new into being merged the concentrating of had the effect also naturally mergers involved. entities various the by owned archives ‘three has the now Italy War banking in Post of history as well as available, archives national interest’s of banks Mediobanca. of that ciale Italiana is now part of the Intesa Sanpaolo Historical Sanpaolo Historical the Intesa part of is now ciale Italiana and Banco di Italiano Credito those of whereas Archive, Archive. Historical the UniCredit held as part of are Roma enable a is such as to said, herself Rossi and as Dr vast, is the up to it is now Thus, possible knowledge’. of ‘map large Italy of the history approach to historians of community which – one as Giuseppe Berta suggested, way, in a new ‘historiographical will enable concluded – Bricco as Paolo mythol- behind the that can leave to develop reflection with and seen thus far’, have we and mytho-poetics ogy ‘which in the public con- crisis: the Olivetti to reference Adriano of the myth to been linked has always sciousness, beforehand’. years who died a few Olivetti All images: © Mediobanca

eabh bulletin For employees, company history contributes to a a to contributes history company employees, For Historical treasures make company history history company make treasures Historical alive come Bank, at Metzler ways is used in many history Company such as lectures, presentation of forms in conventional e.g., - chroni The first company and publications. guided tours celebrated Bank Metzler when 1924 in published were cles company the of version abridged An anniversary. 250th its 300th mark the bank’s to published in 1976 was chronicles business articles and included contemporary anniversary campaign An elaborate publication. in a commemorative 3 (Pictures in 2007 anniversary 333rd the launched for was family acted as an asset in changing times to help restore help restore to in changing times as an asset acted family Bank has survived Metzler In its long history, trust. client crises hit the bank and some past and crises, wars several 2008. of than the financial crisis much harder what lie, roots the bank’s where shows It identity. sense of shaped the people have and how are values the bank’s an introduction Therefore, its history. bank throughout Bank has and Metzler family the Metzler of the history to since Metzler’ at ‘New event at the highlight been a fixed the know to get employees helps new This event 1998. important as other well as business areas bank and its core 45 held been has lecture introductory This areas. business Bank importance that Metzler The strong times so far. the by is also demonstrated history places on company place take on history lectures and that guided tours fact always are employees for offers Our basis. regular a on lot, by be drawn to have often participants booked; fully have We than the space available. as demand is greater - Foot the ‘Retracing Frankfurt of tour guided our offered and demand is almost 30 times, History’ Metzler’s of steps 2). 1 & (Pictures still unbroken 20 - - - - Metzler Bank Metzler The importance of social media At Metzler, we recognized long ago that our com- our ago that long recognized we Metzler, At trust in the banking sec When people lost their tor after the financial crisis of 2008, we realized that the that the realized we 2008, of the financial crisis after tor Bank and the Metzler Metzler of and continuity history - Origi in Germany. the oldest companies ship and one of Metzler in 1674, business trading as a cloth founded nally market capital individual providing on focuses currently in clients private institutions and discerning solutions for Capital Mar Management, Asset business areas: core four Banking. Finance and Private Corporate kets, storytelling than just friendly is much more history pany added creates history Company celebrations. at company as it provides and marketing, public relations for value and employees and helps clients orientation a sense of tradition to is a testament It with the company. identify and under trust in a brand can create It and competence. the reputation thus strengthening credibility, pin a brand’s his- Company family. an entrepreneurial or a company of as crisis, in times of and especially even is important tory been crises have how showing by emotions it can control past cri- helping us learn from in the past and by overcome and now. the here ses for A rich history offers added value for clients and and clients for added value offers history A rich alike employees Bank is Germany's Metzler years, Going back almost 350 owner family of tradition with an unbroken oldest bank As Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) once said, ‘Only ‘Only once said, (1767-1835) Humboldt von Wilhelm As This a future.’ past can have their of aware who are those compa- people but also to to only applies not statement compa- a part of valuable and is an essential History nies. to prove can history Corporate brand. and identity ny's com- a and preserving promoting for tool powerful a be identity. pany’s

eabh bulletin 21 Metzler Bank Metzler 2 1 1-2. City tour: ‘Retracing the Footsteps of Metzler’s History’ with Berenike Seib and employees of Metzler Bank, September 2017 September Bank, Metzler of Seib and employees with Berenike History’ Metzler’s of the Footsteps ‘Retracing tour: City 1-2.

eabh bulletin 6 4 22 Metzler Bank Metzler 7 5 3 3-4. Screenshots of the campaign on the website to mark Metzler’s 333rd anniversary in 2007 anniversary 333rd mark Metzler’s to website the campaign on the of Screenshots 3-4. on the occasion of published in 2007 website), on the shown (as Zeitung Allgemeine Frankfurter campaign in the newspaper the advertising of Screenshot 5. anniversary 333rd Metzler’s anniversary 333rd Metzler’s on the occasion of in 2007 created website), on the shown (as game the memory of Screenshot 6. 2007 anniversary, 333rd Metzler’s on the occasion of website) the the timeline (on of Screenshot 7.

eabh bulletin 23 Metzler Bank Metzler 8 8. Cover of the book “Einblicke”, 2018 “Einblicke”, the book of Cover 8.

eabh bulletin 12 10 13 24 Metzler Bank Metzler 9 11 9. Screenshot of a film about the historical archive, 2020 archive, a film about the historical of Screenshot 9. 2020 website, on the Metzler and stories history of Screenshot 10. 2019 November on Facebook, at Metzler’ ‘New of Screenshot 11. purposes at Metzler marketing for used portraits frequently the most one of (1749–1825), Metzler Friedrich 12. 2020 founder, Bank’s Metzler Metzler, the film about Benjamin of Screenshot 13.

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What, exactly, are these postings? We show not not show We postings? these are exactly, What, social for primarily videos produced Historical stronger. The contributions can be found in the different in the different found can be contributions The stronger. #MetzlerGeschichte. the hashtag channels under - exam – for also the little stories but the big moments, only surprisingly are ancestors Metzler of when old portraits ple, post We in Canada. house relative's at a distant discovered of portraits short tours, the city from and reports photos buildings and historical history Metzler’s to people related We various. are – the treasures reference with a Metzler - exam for context, into put small contributions to try always to letters wrote Metzler Emma If timeline. ple on a historical was the situation What that significant? was why Bismarck, relate events do historical And how at that time in history? has family the Metzler where Frankfurt of the history to Albert include Examples connected? been closely always the municipal council of the oldest member Metzler, von Frankfurt's of duties official the over took temporarily who Friedrich or basis, voluntary on a Adickes Franz Mayor Lord for Society the Senckenberg of member founding Metzler, 12) (Picture Research. Natural The films are 13) (Picture this. part of a major media are aspects of various the that highlight in-house productions pecu- buildings or on people, focus they history; Metzler’s though each story Even archive. the Metzler liarities from we itself, in and of story videos is a complete in the tell we the showing by e.g., series character, a kind of create aim to at the beginning and element as a recurring ‘blue couch’ corpo- the couch is Metzler’s of blue video (the each end of - the couch symbol of form Biedermeier and the color rate videos offer stories, short For long history). Metzler's izes we video, With possibilities than text. more considerably or photos, old show history, our into life more can breathe data and Numbers, at original locations in Frankfurt. shoot short stories. attractive into can be packed facts Seib & Holger Rudolph Berenike our find will you curiosity, your aroused now have we If the bank and the of videos and articles on the history here: family Metzler https://www.metzler.com/de/metzler/bankhaus/geschichte https://www.facebook.com/BankhausMetzler https://twitter.com/bankhausMetzler https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsC2PdiijEhEoTD1vai2a3g https://www.linkedin.com/company/metzler https://www.xing.com/companies/bankhausmetzler KGaA Co. Sohn & seel. Metzler All images: © B. 25 - - - - Metzler Bank Metzler

A Metzler Facebook page was launched in 2010. launched in 2010. was page Facebook Metzler A To help us capitalize on our company history, history, company on our help us capitalize To Packing facts and figures into histories is is histories facts into and figures Packing online easiest his- bring company place to is an important The internet with ago years several it all started Metzler, For life. to tory and people events the most important where website our time- on a brief depicted are history company in Metzler’s 10). (Picture and stories history line of the Metzler for tool it is an important website, the Like - Met where all the social networks 11) Of (Picture brand. group, target broadest the has Facebook active, is zler job applicants, clients, and current including potential include information Postings journalists and colleagues. press economic news, the individual departments, from colleagues Metzler of on the experiences reports releases, These history. company’s the into insights course, of and, - contribu among the most popular regularly are insights also but on Facebook, only on social media – not tions is much approach the business-related where on LinkedIn ring to events in Metzler’s history (Picture 5). We created created We 5). (Picture history in Metzler’s events ring to a of images in form Metzler with historical game a memory 6). (Picture microsite online on a be played to or give-away the all with history Metzler’s displayed we Furthermore, a timeline on a spe- of form in since 1674 events significant numer from Apart 7). (Picture microsite. developed cially the of book a modern media, print in advertisements ous und – Geschichte ‘Einblicke entitled chronicles company und die Familie das Bankhaus Metzler über Geschichten and history (‘Insights: am Main’ in Frankfurt Metzler von in family Metzler von and the Bankhaus Metzler of stories This book is now also published. was am Main’) Frankfurt edition and has revised in German in its third, available Well and Chinese. Japanese English, into been translated 8). (Picture been printed copies have 20,000 over pho- letters, with files, archive a historical maintain we - vari wide as a well as video recordings and audio and tos, employ the the bank, to related objects closely of ety a bank to a piggy from – ranging family the owner ees or was since the bank years In the almost 350 house plaque. The accumulated. has memorabilia of deal great a founded, addition, In numbers. archive 3,000 over has now archive and engrav portraits paintings, historical several have we areas and public offices rooms, in meeting ings displayed of the story tell to help items archive These bank. the of the past preserve to the bank and the people behind it, 9). (Picture the future lessons for and draw & 4). We also celebrated this special event in various other other various in event this special also celebrated We 4). & in the year a over campaign for an advertising ran We ways. with ads refer Allgemeine Zeitung Frankfurter newspaper

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This fonds has more than 10,000 files produced files produced than 10,000 has more This fonds minutes of Board of Directors from from Directors of Board of minutes Directors: of Board presented documents with the together 1984, 1925 to mon- issues of includes It discussion at the sessions. for the of provisions organization and internal policy etary matters. among other bank, - ordi of books minute Meeting: Shareholders' General the period from for meetings and extraordinary nary information and appointments Includes 1982. to 1926 banks. the associated deposits of on the share that 1994, 1982 to from minutes Board: Governing mone- to and communication related include reports legal bank's to the central modifications regulation, tary etc. matters, budgetary framework, min- Commissions and Subcommittees: Committees, bodies collegiate by produced folders work and utes to related matters specific resolve and study to created - the administra Banco de México, of the organization analyses various and its operation for resources tion of decision-making on financial matters. for within its history, such as its founding in 1925 as a pub- such as its founding within its history, insti- a decentralized to its transition company, lic limited and its in 1982, public administration the federal tution of independence in 1994. doc Among its most important 1915 and 2006. between gov its different belonging to those are groups umentary erning authorities: • • • • Méx Banco de different from has also records This fonds Navarro Mascareñas Alberto including directors, ico’s Car Ángeles (1940-1946), Villaseñor Eduardo (1925-1932), Gómez y Gómez Rodrigo (1946-1952), Rouvignac los Novoa 26 Banco de México Banco Guide to the archival holdings holdings the archival Guide to Banco de México fonds, which contain documents with with documents which contain fonds, México de Banco bank. central the Mexican by generated value historical by generated which include documents fonds, Acquired the development for been relevant who have persons economy. the Mexican bank and for the central for I. Banco de México Fonds: Banco de México I. processes the fundamental of encompasses evidence It Guide Summary two by formed is bank central Mexican the of Archive The documents: of main sets • • Introduction the published bank central Mexican the 2020, June In del Banco Histórico Archivo del de Fondos Guía General Banco de of Holdings Archival the to (Guide de México informa- offer to order in website on its official México) the archival of scope and content tion about the extent, under currently are These records that it holds. material - pre more will allow that process description an archival public. the interested by the queries made for cise findings link: the following through in Spanish, This Guide is available - https://www.banxico.org.mx/conociendo-banxico/archi vo-informacion-banco-m.html of Direction Management and Security Information The this of summary a brief prepared have Banco de Mexico eabh (The European members of the for Guide in English with e.V.) Financial History and Banking for Association of contents the general of making them aware the aim of archives. historical bank’s central Mexican

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2 27 Banco de México Banco 1 1. The cover of the Board of directors’ minutes’ book (1925), Banco de México Fonds. © Banco de México Fonds. Banco de México book (1925), minutes’ directors’ of the Board of The cover 1. Fonds. Romero Matías 1858), August (8 and México England between diplomatic relations regarding Romero Matías to Juárez Benito President from letter A 2. © Banco de México

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- for any any for [email protected] This fonds contains 299 files produced between between 299 files produced contains This fonds 1888 534 files from is comprised by This fonds - organ international of in meetings also participated Fund. Monetary International izations such as the as work about his evidence including 1905 and 1984, of meetings in representative government Mexico’s - Fed as the issue of well as organizations, international of debt of administration the bonds, Government eral of and the establishment companies, railroad former topics. among other Mexico, Association of the Bankers y Zevada José Ricardo Fonds: Zevada J. Ricardo City born in Mexico (1904-1979), de Castro Martínez Gen- was He Bank. Savings the National of and founder He Bank. Trade Foreign the National of Director eral Banco de Méx of Directors of in the Board participated and served 1978, 1960 to and from 1934, ico in 1933, Assembly in the General in 1935 as a representative 1979). bank (Córdova, the central of Shareholders of as career about his professional with records 1978 to information well as as and diplomat, a banking official and the consti- companies, railroad about the Mexican trusts. educational and research tution of References en 1904-1979”, Zevada J. “Ricardo (1979). L. Córdova, de Comercio Banco Nacional Exterior, Comercio Revista 1979. 11, Número 29, Volumen Exterior, Martínez Raúl (2008). E. Díaz, Turrent A.; Dimas, García el desarrollo, diplomacia para y finanzas Leyes, Ostos. Económica. de Cultura Fondo México, 1907-1993. Contact contact: Please México. Banco de of the archives about query •

28 - Banco de México Banco - and his profes life personal his reflects fonds This bound and 93 items 127,102 contains This fonds ico). He joined Banco de México in 1940 and worked worked in 1940 and México de Banco joined He ico). in becoming an expert Department, in the Credit - regu and policy monetary of implementation the He 2008). Turrent, and (Dimas instruments latory sional career as a public official and businessman. It is It and businessman. as a public official sional career and 1943. 1824 between files produced 419 comprised by (1837- Avendaño Romero Matías Fonds: Romero Matías - (south born in Oaxaca and diplomat, Politician 1898). public responsibilities who held key Mexico) of ern state Juárez Benito Presidents of within the administrations the 19th cen- of during the second half Díaz, and Porfirio Affairs Foreign in the Ministries of mainly served He tury. 1855 and 1893. periods between and Finance in different - with informa 1837 and 1899, between dated volumes, war), civil (a 1858-1861 Reform, of War about the tion by (supported 1864-1867 Empire, the Second Mexican as well as allies), and his Mexican Emperor the French the at the end of the country of the reconstruction 19th century. Ostos Raúl Martínez Fonds: Ostos Raúl Martínez born professor and diplomat official, Public (1907-1993). Mex coast of eastern the (on Veracruz Tantoyuca, in

Alberto Mascareñas Alberto Fonds: Mascareñas Mascareñas Alberto director the first general was He (1876-1944). Navarro that, Before 1932. to 1925 from Banco de México, of the of branches several of manager was Mascareñas in the Mexico) of state (northern Banco de Sonora La Havana, consul in San Francisco, and Mexican 1920s, as deputy he served In 1924 York. and New Liverpool, Commis- Monetary the of and manager finance minister México. Banco de institution of the predecessor sion, • • (1952 -1970), and Ernesto Fernández Hurtado (1970-1976). (1970-1976). Hurtado Fernández Ernesto and (1952 -1970), - provi policy monetary regarding includes information It well as as system, the financial of the development sions, and the participation industries different of promotion the organizations. international several in Banco de México of can find you fonds Banco de México in the In addition, in departments administrative different by files produced bank the central activities of the substantive of charge operations market national currency, of such as: provision economic government, federal the of as a financial agent administration and public trust’s development, research economic development. for Acquired Fonds: II. that belonged to fonds bank holds several The central financial in the economic and public figures important during the 19th and 20th centuries. Mexico of development •

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Following the launch of the project ‘Learn! Give Give ‘Learn! project the of launch the Following Bank the National year each vein, In the same Bank the National of projects permanent Other management of personal income, in order to ‘give sense to sense to ‘give to in order personal income, of management peo- young is aimed at the project particular, In money’. pop- other needs of the account into but also takes ple, with the finan- interact who actively ulation categories podcasts, developed were there In this regard, cial system. and brochures infographics, with notes informative videos, guide. a consumer at dif targeted the Bank held debates money’, to sense Cahul, - Chisinau, localities various from groups ferent sessions that information These Comrat. Ungheni, Balti, than 400 pupils and students, more by attended were - knowl of level the show to tested a with concluded were were winners The topics. financial and banking edge of - them moti keep to coins in order of with sets rewarded financial understanding. deepen their further to vated in the international participates traditionally Moldova of by which is coordinated Week’ ‘Global Money project: International’. Finance Youth and ‘Child organization the the of the duration participants, of number a large Due to the Over weeks! three to two reaches time each project sig- has increased visitors NBM the of the number years, the from visiting students 2000 than more to nificantly of Republic the of districts the and municipality Chisinau NBM by made presentations from benefit They Moldova. specialists about financial and banking subject and enjoy hall. visiting the NBM exhibition - the found which celebrates Day’, ‘Doors Open include the older that relevant is It Day’. ‘Savings and NBM, the of ing financial education in organized interest people also show respond open to was Bank the National Thus, activities. 29 - Financial education education Financial National Bank of Moldova National Thus, following a survey conducted by the OECD the OECD by conducted a survey following Thus, concern of Financial education is an important A large-scale project, entitled ‘Learn! Give sense sense Give ‘Learn! entitled project, large-scale A signed were there project, Within the mentioned In the Republic of Moldova, as in other countries, financial financial countries, as in other Moldova, of In the Republic as a social and eco- and more more education is expanding at interest an increased and reflects nomic desideratum Bank the National In this regard, society. of levels various with the citizens, to be multiple efforts makes Moldova of that and the advantages the financial concepts promoting financial inclusion. of in the process consumers obtain education and of assess the level in autumn 2019 to the Region, Europe East South the in inclusion financial first among the participat- ranked Moldova of Republic - Macedo North Georgia, Croatia, - Bulgaria, ing countries the of The results and Romania. Montenegro Moldova, nia, 2020. published in early were survey which has partnership Moldova, Bank of the National educa- institutions and higher various with agreements they The financial education projects tion institutions. pupils and students, for especially intended out are carry knowledge spreading of effect an optimal for thus opting according considered are groups Target subject. this on for organized usually and activities are age categories, to inter a maximum of achieve 20 people to up to of groups active education. education. active with a pos- nationally, year launched last was money’, to several Thus, impact. stimulating and encouraging itive which also triggered public institutions joined this project, their initiate to entities among private a special interest financial education projects. own its purpose exploit fully to meant partnership agreements the population in the of knowledge of the level - raising

eabh bulletin 2 30 National Bank of Moldova Bank of National 3 1 1-3. Financial education initiatives of the National Bank of Moldova Bank of the National of initiatives Financial education 1-3.

eabh bulletin The current realities of the whole world require require world whole the of realities The current of over 600 students to commercial banks, which receive receive which banks, commercial to 600 students over of ‘Money manner. attractive guests in an ingenious and their networks; on social received well very is Travels’ Road available. videos are professional even These education projects. financial to a distinct approach but can- digital social interaction be based on new to are in people young support to short on the desire fall not financial modernity. Moldova Bank of All images: ©National 31 National Bank of Moldova Bank of National Also, last year, the ‘Money Road’ event was held held was event Road’ ‘Money the year, last Also, to these requests and launched a project that is open to to open is that project a launched and requests these to The project at the NBM’. day vacation ‘A all age groups: with their together the grandparents by appreciated was participant youngest the and age, any of grandchildren coin as commemorative a old and received years two was a gift. within the project format, a special the first time; for includes format new The money.’ sense to Give ‘Learn! exhibition the visit to and a competitions presentations, travels-trips by followed headquarters, NBM the at hall

eabh bulletin View online View Gifts for Business units and countries to offer to their staff. to their offer to Business units and countries Gifts for Announcement years 175 about website on the Announcement Nationale-Nederlanden 32 175 years in 2020 in years 175 Nationale-Nederlanden Group View online View Celebrations with an April 2020 on 12 started The celebrations with a link to all employees, to the CEO email from an online magazine.

eabh bulletin (only in Dutch) (only View online View Re-opening of the Nationale-Nederlanden museum museum the Nationale-Nederlanden of Re-opening on 10 September NN, the birthplace of in Zutphen, and Vermeulen Mrs Zupthen, of with the mayor 2020 The museum, Ernst). Fred Knibbe (photos Mr NN CEO, as and refurnished redecorated was established in 2013, back in those viewers taking movie A in 1845. an office also projected. was days Display with 175 years’ historical objects in entrance objects in entrance historical years’ with 175 Display head office. 33 Nationale-Nederlanden Group View on YouTube View NN Group’s Art & History Collection moved from its its from Collection moved History Art & NN Group’s was depot a new where Arnhem, to home in Ede former purpose built.

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The Bank of Russia museum holds one of the most the most museum holds one of Russia The Bank of and artis- the most expressive of twenty Around 3) is (Picture Tchaikovsky P. of The portrait much interest and attention of the public. of and attention much interest - world coins commemorative collection of comprehensive a occupy the theatre to coins devoted Among them, wide. origi- demonstrate exhibition the of halls The place. rightful Mints, and Moscow Petersburg the St by nal coins produced the creation preceded often that moulds gypsum as well as - the mint of The history forms. minor of these sculptures of the the- to coins dedicated commemorative Russian age of was The first coin ago. years than thirty more started atre dedicated was and cupronickel from 1989 in back minted an outstand- Mussorgsky, Modest of 150th birthday the to dedicated coins one hundred Over composer. ing Russian the by first time: since that issued been have the theatre to Russia. the Bank of 1992 – by and starting from USSR The this project. for selected were made coins tically a 1), (Picture Theatre the of Magic is the opening exhibit in 2018. Russia the Bank of coin issued by 3-ruble silver a Figner, Medea singer opera the famous The coin features highly was talent Her Theatre. at the Mariinsky solo singer to the first was Figner Tchaikovsky. Pyotr by appreciated (the Iolanta opera Tchaikovsky’s in the title role perform the side of The right image in this opera). her coin shows famous ballet the from dancers of the figures coin features be consid- this coin may speaking, Figuratively Nutcracker. who made personally Tchaikovsky to be devoted to ered ele- musical art, the Russian to contribution an incredible heights. unprecedented it to vating which is on a 100-ruble gold coin issued in 1993, minted Among all Russian at the exhibition. also demonstrated by leader is the indisputable Tchaikovsky figures, cultural 34 - - Bank of Russia Bank of The magic of the theatre The magic of the theatre To mark the contribution made by Russia to the the to Russia by made mark the contribution To the partici- required the subject of The specifics open was the exhibition beginning, very the From ‘If only miracles could really exist today, they would only only would they today, exist could really miracles only ‘If Stanislavsky, Konstantin wrote be possible on the stage!’ and teacher. actor director, theatre an outstanding Russian theatre the art of times, in the ancient appeared Having losing without periods historical many through lived has the by and the adoration significance its profoundness, at the same yet, international, The theatrics is truly public. are directors and theatre actors great the names of time, - Konstan peoples and nations. respective of the patrimony Mar Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir and tin Stanislavsky ius Petipa and Feodor Chaliapin, Mikhail Shchepkin and and Shchepkin Mikhail Chaliapin, Feodor and Petipa ius all – Zharov Mikhail and Ulanova Galina Yuzhin, Alexander are theatre the Russian of these outstanding practitioners heritage alike. cultural world and the Russian part of of has opened its exhibition Russia the Bank of theatrics, name symbolic bears the project The coins. commemorative with the inscription coinciding Theatre’ the of ‘The Magic issued recently on one of in numismatic terms) legend (or via the theatre show is to the exhibition The aim of coins. - commemora making artists-medallists of art exquisite the Russia. the Bank of coins commissioned by tive mintage design, the in specialists – consultants of pation able to were these persons Only coins. of and manufacture wit- once which they about events knowledge their share history. belong to which already and nessed, large but also in other in Moscow, only the public not to have and ballet actors the art of where cities, Russian has trav The exhibition been much appreciated. always been shown Russian cities and has fifty than more elled to via coins attract told the stories where in the theatres

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- - - - This is an extraordinary coin for several reasons. reasons. several coin for This is an extraordinary personali- famous coins feature Russia Bank of Year the to The coin issued in 2011 and devoted which coins comprises those of group separate A the- the drama the musical theatre, to Compared for exciting more it even this makes However, mance was ‘a theatre in itself’. To celebrate this jubilee, the the this jubilee, celebrate To in itself’. theatre ‘a was mance coin. silver issued a special Mint Petersburg St to started coins commemorative Russian it, to Thanks the coin Moreover, theatre. variety of the genre feature one among other the only far Raykin is so to dedicated using computer manufactured was coins that ‘theatre’ a sculptor. of work the replacing modelling technology a 25-ruble silver In 2013, states. and other Russia ties from it series; Culture World of Treasury issued in the was coin (Pic Verdi Giuseppe by works creative to dedicated was composer an outstanding Italian of The reputation 5). ture all from him customers to attracted opera of and master and Seciliennes Vepres Les The operas world. the over Aida and Opera, the Paris composed for were Don Carlo Khedive the Egyptian house of the opera for created was del Destino La Forza composed the opera Verdi in Cairo. in addition to Therefore, theatre. the Russian for specially the a page from the coin features portrait, the composer’s the and an image of del Destino La Forza of music scores the where Petersburg Saint in Theatre Bolshoi Kamenny in 1862. premiered opera in Spain (Pic Russia of Year and the Spain in Russia of and Russian by work creative the joint presents 10) ture one sub- by united were They Spanish artists-medallists. The novel – Don Quixote. countries both by ject shared was La Mancha of Don Quixote The Ingenious Gentleman writer Spanish the by literature world the to presented composed by Don Quixote the ballet whereas Cervantes, The culture. world the gift to Minkus is Russia’s Ludwig Coun- the Rueful of Knight the an image of coin features a lyric and Kitri, novel the Cervantes’ from himself tenance the first created Petipa Marius ballet. Minkus’ of character in 1990, later, years Forty in 1869. this ballet of adaptation world the won which revival Gorsky’s by followed was it Don Quixote. the ballet for acknowledgement mark the 225th To productions. theatre famous feature - Rus the Bank of in 2001, Theatre the Bolshoi of anniversary Spar the ballets with the scenes from coins sia issued seven the and Juliet, and Romeo Lake, Swan The 16), (Picture takus The Gambler. and Onegin, Eugene Susanin, Ivan operas coins less extensively. on commemorative is presented atre well- of guess the plots to and lovers experts theatre and actors, writers, to on the coins dedicated plays known issued Russia Bank of in 2009 the instance, For directors. the writer Lev Kassil, his contemporary, Raykin’s perfor Raykin’s contemporary, his Kassil, Lev writer the 35 - - - Bank of Russia Bank In 1998, two types of silver coins were issued to com- issued to were coins silver of types two In 1998, of the 200th birthday marked Russia In 2009, the series coins from commemorative Four When I start a ballet... like performance a ‘I produce 9), Raykin (Picture Arkady of the centenary In 2011, esting to note that the portrait of this musical genius could this musical genius could of that the portrait note esting to how as in the 1990s, as early on banknotes appeared have of sketches and the final approved, not was the project ever museum rarities. GOZNAK’s added to were banknotes the Stanislavsky, Konstantin of birthday 135th the memorate Art Moscow the head of and founder director, outstanding Gorky’s Maxim a scene from them features of One Theatre. per Stanislavsky where 6), (Picture Depths The Lower play curtain bears theatre The minted Satin. the part of formed Fyodor the architect designed by the theatre the emblem of seagull. Chekhov’s – the famous Schekhtel have whose plays writer Russian a great Gogol, Nikolai up national theatres many by performed been successfully is no trifle and it is ‘Theatre As Gogol once said, now. to that it holds enough room the fact given serious, really to six thousand persons and that this five of a crowd for people can be swept diverse quite consisting of crowd and can shed tears same feeling, one and the by away can say you which is a tribune from It laugh in unison. world.’ the good things to many the bear literature Russian this classic of to devoted these coins, of One characters. famous Gogol’s images of the awarded was 7), coin (Picture a 100-ruble silver commemo- of competition the international of Diploma Artistic 2010 in the Best coins Coin Constellation rative - composition and pro the exquisite for Solution category thus giving suffi- This coin is 10 cm in diameter, duction. includ- works, Gogol’s several of the plots space for cient The Nose, The Overcoat, Christmas, before The Night ing the famous by is taken The foreground The Deal Souls. and - the Govern lies from outrageous Khlestakov’s scene of comedy. Inspector ment its future know I always performance, on a new working watercolour, will be an oil painting, this whether i.e., style, the- a famous Lyubimov, Yury wrote poster,’ or work, graphic and Drama he headed the Moscow In 1964, director. atre Taganka the the phenomenon of creating Theatre, Comedy the in theatre daring and breakthrough most the Theatre, the Bank mark his 100th birthday, to In 2017, Union. Soviet 8). (Picture coin bearing his portrait silver issued a Russia of to According celebrated. was actor, an outstanding Soviet the number of images on coins: around three dozen of Bank Bank of dozen three on coins: around images the of number and his him, to devoted coins are commemorative Russia of on his image appeared the first time, For and operas. ballets to (in 1990) in the USSR coin manufactured a cupronickel inter is It composer. great the of birthday 100th the mark

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4 2 36 Bank of Russia Bank 3 1 to World Culture, Artist: A.V. Baklanov, Sculptor: A.A. Nosov A.A. Sculptor: Baklanov, A.V. Artist: Culture, World to 1000 pcs, of mintage in diameter, 60 mm g, 155.5 content fine metal proof, 925/1000, Silver 2013, / 25 rubles Verdi, Giuseppe of work Creative 4. Andronov A.F. Schablykin, Sculptor: A.D. Artist: Culture, World of Treasury Series: 1. The magic of theatre, 3 rubles / 2018, Silver 925/1000, proof, fine metal content 31.1 g, 39 mm in diameter, mintage of 2000 pcs, Artists: E.V. Kramskaya Kramskaya E.V. Artists: 2000 pcs, of mintage 39 mm in diameter, g, 31.1 content fine metal proof, 925/1000, Silver 2018, / 3 rubles theatre, The magic of 1. Dolgopolova A.A. Sculptor: Schablykin (reverse), A.D. (obverse), of mintage 39 mm in diameter, g, 31.1 content fine metal proof, 925/1000, Silver 2005, / 3 rubles theatre, and ballet academic opera state The Novosibirsk 2. Dolgopolova A.A. Sculptor: Kramskaya, E.V. Baklanov, A.V. Artists: Russia, of Monuments Architectural Series: 10000 pcs, Russia of Series: Contribution pcs, 5700 of mintage mm in diameter, 30 g, 15.55 content fine metal proof, Golg 900/1000, 1993, / 100 rubles Tchaikovsky, .I. 3.

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8 6 37 Bank of Russia Bank 7 5 Artist: A.V. Baklanov, Sculptor: A.A. Dolgopolova A.A. Sculptor: Baklanov, A.V. Artist: 500 pcs, of mintage 100 mm in diameter, g, 1000 content fine metal proof, 925/1000, Silver 2009, / 100 rubles Gogol, N.V. of 200th birth anniversary 6. Gogol Yu.S. Sculptor: Kozlov, S.A. Artist: mintage 33 mm in diameter, g, 15.5 content fine metal proof, 925/1000, Silver 2017, / 2 rubles Lyubimov, Yu.P. director the theatre of 100th birth anniversary 7. A.N. (obverse), Dolgopolova A.A. Sculptors: Schablykin (reverse), A.D. (obverse), Kramskaya E.V. Artists: Russia, of Monuments Architectural Series: 3000 pcs, of (reverse) Bessonov 3000 pcs, of mintage mm in diameter, 33 g, 15.5 content fine metal proof, 925/1000, Silver 2011, / 2 rubles — 100th birth anniversary, A.I.Raikin Actor 8. modelling Computer Technique: Kozlov, S.A. Artist: Russia, of Personalities Series: Outstanding 5. 135th birth anniversary of K.S.Stanisavsky, 2 rubles / 1998, Silver 925/1000, proof, fine metal content 15.5 g, 33 mm in diameter, mintage of 15000 pcs, 15000 pcs, of mintage 33 mm in diameter, g, 15.5 content fine metal proof, 925/1000, Silver 1998, / 2 rubles K.S.Stanisavsky, of 135th birth anniversary 5.

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12 10 38 Bank of Russia Bank 11 9 9. The year of Spain in Russia and the year of Russia in Spain, 3 rubles (10 euros in Spain) / 2011, Silver 925/1000, proof, fine metal content 31.1 g, 39 mm in g, 31.1 content fine metal proof, 925/1000, Silver 2011, / in Spain) 3 rubles (10 euros in Spain, Russia of year and the Spain in Russia of year The 9. Castellanos Begona Baklanov, A.V. and sculptors: Artists 5000 pcs, of mintage diameter, Russian Series: pcs, 4700 of mintage mm in diameter, 22,6 g, 7.78 content fine metal uncirculated, brilliant Gold 900/1000, 1993, / 50 rubles ballet, Russian 10. Baklanov A.V. and sculptor: Artist Ballet, A.V. Artist: Russian ballet, Series: 7500 pcs, of mintage 12 mm in diameter, g, 1.55 content fine metal proof, Gold 900/1000, 1996, / 10 rubles The Nutcracker, 11. Kornilov S.A. Sculptor: Baklanov, Russian Ballet, Series: 1000 pcs, of mintage 100 mm in diameter, g, 1000 content metal fine proof, 900/1000, Silver 1996, / 100 rubles The Nutcracker, 12. Artist: A.V. Baklanov, Sculptor: A.A. Dolgopolova A.A. Sculptor: Baklanov, A.V. Artist:

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39 Bank of Russia Bank 13 13. 225th anniversary of the Bolshoi theatre, 100 rubles / 2001, Gold 999/1000, proof, fine metal content 15.55 g, 30 mm in diameter, mintage of 1500 pcs, 1500 pcs, of mintage 30 mm in diameter, g, 15.55 content fine metal proof, Gold 999/1000, 2001, / 100 rubles the Bolshoi theatre, of 225th anniversary 13. Kornilov I.S. Sculptor: Baklanov, A.V. Artist:

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- - (‘Art is long, life is short’, is short’, life is long, (‘Art brevis’ vita longa, ‘Ars The famous ballet also became the subject of a 100- a also became the subject of ballet The famous Petersburg in St Theatre the Hermitage An image of sary. Among other places of interest, this coin features an this coin features interest, places of Among other sary. Theatre. Drama the Russian of the front image of One Rome. in ancient who lived lovers said theatre latin), - There phenomenon. is an all-time that theatre can say in all times and in history, during turning points fore, sub- and attractive worthy a will remain it in all places, different coins of minting including as a subject for ject, all this suggests the way, In a certain and peoples. states music and perfor when great arts of the synthesis idea of images embodied in sculptural are actors famous mance by on coins. Bugrov Alexander preceded by thorough preparations. Thus, the work on the on work the Thus, preparations. thorough by preceded in started 14) issued in 1996 (Picture gold coin Nutcracker coin the of design The Theatre. Mariinsky the of museum the the first performance of photos based on the archive was was Nutcracker of role the where 1892 in Nutcracker the of the with dancer premier a future Legat, Sergey by danced and face pose, the dancer’s The images of Theatre. Mariinsky - choreo ballet Tchaikovsky’s of scenes the reflect costume Ivanov. Lev by graphed as 15) issued in 1996 and recognised coin (Picture ruble silver mag- Coin News World the by year the coin of the best silver be the best metal to silver Artists-medallists consider azine. and detailed the most complicated as it allows coins, for range its plasticity, silver, of properties The decorative design. far by in metal’, ‘pictures real create and structure tones of In addition surpassing gold and palladium in all these aspects. and thea- writers, composers, actors, to coins dedicated to - coins fea of a set mentioning worth it is also productions, tre The front Muses’. of ‘temples buildings – these turing theatre on coins many shown was in Moscow Theatre the Bolshoi of as in 2001 on the coins well as and 1997, 1993, times: in 1991, One this theatre. of mark the 225th anniversary issued to - Peters in St Theatre the Mariinsky can see the building of 2005 sil- A Anna Pavlova. to on the 1993 coin devoted burg - Aca State the Novosibirsk the building of coin features ver the largest one of 2), (Picture Theatre and Ballet demic Opera opened in 1945 officially was (it buildings in Russia theatre In the Mikhail Glinka). Susanin by Ivan the opera premiering bearing an a coin issued Mint Petersburg the St year, same and Opera Academic State Tatar Dzhalil the Musa image of Theatre. Ballet the Bank of in 2019, Recently, on the coin in 2012. appeared cele- coin to silver commemorative issued a 3-ruble Russia Chebok of the foundation of the 550th anniversary brate 40 - - - Bank of Russia Bank Coins issued in the Russian Ballet series remain remain series Ballet Russian the in issued Coins coins has been series of this famous Since 1993, other many series (and Ballet Coins in the Russian coins commemorative when cases, other many in As sonalities of Russia series devoted to the 150th birthday of of the 150th birthday to series devoted Russia sonalities of presented are thereon works writer’s The Chekhov. Anton The The Seagull and the plays from scenes his drama: by attentive when casting a more Moreover, Orchard. Cherry The Seagull shown of first act the glance at the scene from can see a gun one coin, on the 3-ruble commemorative the gun that must fire is exactly which wall, hanging on the Chekhov. to according in the last act, the ele- to thanks masterpieces among acknowledged - Pre mintage. of lines and the high quality their of gance back in production their for first used were cious metals was The subject 1989. beginning from time, the Soviet is a universal ballet The Russian chance. by selected not - demonstrat a global brand language, of art independent composers and choreographers, Russian ing the skills of it occupied the 20th century, the beginning of By actors. bal- The Russian culture. world place in the a prominent to the Ballets thanks acclaim won international first let in 1907– and London in Paris organised seasons, Russes - Pliset Ulanova, by amplified was this glory on, Later 1914. stars. Russian and other Vasilyev, skaya, the artistic talent embody They Russia. the Bank of issued by artist a people’s Baklanov, Aleksandr artist the medallier of danc ballet Russian famous of The photographs Russia. of the were and Galina Ulanova, Anna Pavlova including ers, rec easily exist ‘There the artist. for inspiration of source ‘Looking say. used to Baklanov and poses’, ognisable photos Anna Pavlova distinguish between one can easily at photos, Maximova Yekaterina between or Dudinskaya and Natalia that the art- the fact Notwithstanding and Galina Ulanova’. bal- with particular similarity a portrait-like avoid ist tried to Anna Pavlova the great recognise one can easily dancers, let poses and image on the 50-ruble gold movements, her by - became the proto Pavlova 12). coin issued in 1993 (Picture the coin belonging to silver commemorative another type of Culture. World to Russia of series Contribution which the proof of categories, quality several have coins) relief as the matte the most glamorous, remained quality ‘The background. the mirror-like to image made a contrast Aleksandr recalled silhouettes’, only ... show to was idea a to Compared and simple. coins clear make ‘To Baklanov. coins, theme for complicated is a more a silhouette scene, - pro whether conceal anything, because it is impossible to - interest was The task details! or perspectives, portions, though challenging.’ ing, was series Ballet the Russian of the appearance created, are 3-ruble and 100-ruble silver coins in the Outstanding Per coins in the Outstanding 100-ruble silver 3-ruble and

eabh bulletin - - ). www.nbs.sk/november89

On 8 October 2019, a Research Archive Portal Portal Archive Research a 2019, October 8 On To mark the issuance of a €10 collector coin com- coin a €10 collector mark the issuance of To the 30th anni- of the celebrations As part of This page included historical facts about 1989 related to to about 1989 related facts This page included historical - the Czechoslo of rate the exchange the banking system, and the ordinary banknotes the issuance of koruna, vak of scans it also included a number bank officials; of lives the NBS from documents original archival selected of about them. with information along Archives, was launched on the NBS staff Archives’ the by created in interested anyone For ). (https://archiv.nbs.sk website umented the participation of Slovakia’s first central bank bank first central Slovakia’s the participation of umented The doc the uprising. of in the financing and organisation 18 October to August 26 from view on public were uments in space at the NBS headquarters 2019 in the exhibition the a gold medal by awarded was The exhibition Bratislava. 3) (Figure Fighters. Anti-Fascist of Union Slovak Michal of birth the of anniversary 150th the memorating on his a public lecture organised staff Archives’ the Bosák, - in the conven 2019 on 10 October Held work. and life accom- was the lecture tion hall at the NBS headquarters, documents archival original of exhibition an panied by - Partici banker. this Slovak-American of the life to related banknote $10 1907 a in interested particularly were pants the which is part of Michal Bosák, of bearing the signature 4 and 5) (Figures collections. Archives’ NBS - pro staff Archives’ the Revolution, Velvet the of versary ‘The entitled website the NBS page for duced a dedicated ( ‘89’ November of Anniversary documents on display in the exhibition acquainted visitors visitors acquainted in the exhibition on display documents Bank’s National the Slovak of stories with little-known rebel- anti-fascist in the participated who actively officials also doc The exhibition War. World lion during the Second 41 Activities of the archives Activities of the archives Národná banka Slovenska banka Národná In 2018, the NBS Archives’ staff participated in in participated staff Archives’ the NBS In 2018, the NBS from original documents In 2019, the out- of the 75th anniversary commemorate To In 2017, the Archives and Registry Section of Národná Národná of Section and Registry Archives the In 2017, amended edi- a second prepared (NBS) Slovenska banka authors entitled of a collective by a monograph tion of about the his- Slovakia, in Money / Platidlá na Slovensku This edition adds in Slovakia. money of evolution torical - on the develop including a chapter 2011 edition by the to - In addi 2011. after currency the single European of ments the authors and numismatists, historians Slovak tion to The second NBS. of employees and former include current 1) (Figure redesigned. edition has been fully ‘Na entitled exhibition a Slovakia-wide of the preparation - state Slovak to the road (On štátnosti’ k slovenskej ceste the Slovak of Interior of the Ministry by sponsored hood), kultúrne cen- K13 – Košické with in cooperation Republic marked The exhibition Centres). Cultural (K13 – Košice trá - the Czech of establishment the of the 100th anniversary the 1968 Prague of the 50th anniversary Republic, oslovak of establishment the of and the 25th anniversary Spring, panel included a separate The event Republic. the Slovak - devel on monetary documents NBS archival to dedicated 1918 and 2008. between in Slovakia opments the first time for exhibition a foreign to lent were Archives in 1930-32 plans created Technical history. Archives’ in the com- residential ‘s Bratislava for Weinwurm Friedrich by at Špilberk exhibited were doba and Unitas Nová plexes 2) (Figure Czechia. Castle in Brno, Archives’ the NBS Uprising, National the Slovak of break Slovenskej ‘Hrdinovia exhibition entitled an prepared staff heroes Uprising National (Slovak SNP’ v banky národnej The original archival banka). národná Slovenská from

eabh bulletin 42 Národná banka Slovenska banka Národná 1 1. The cover of the Money in Slovakia publication in Slovakia the Money of The cover 1.

eabh bulletin 4 43 Národná banka Slovenska banka Národná 3 2 2. Exhibited archival documents from the NBS Archives the NBS from documents archival Exhibited 2. banka” národná Slovenská from heroes Uprising National “Slovak the exhibition of The opening ceremony 3. Michal Bosák the birth of of the 150th anniversary coin commemorating collector a €10 silver hall marking the launch of at the NBS conventional An event 4.

eabh bulletin 44 Národná banka Slovenska banka Národná 5 5. A 1907 $10 banknote bearing the signature of Michal Bosák of the signature bearing $10 banknote 1907 A 5.

eabh bulletin - ond public archive in Slovakia to have a working research research working a have to in Slovakia ond public archive In the future, work. in their help researchers portal to to will be expanded functionality portal’s the research individual items presenting of include the possibility well as (scans), attachments electronic with their along challenges The major documents. archival as electronic international of lying ahead include the implementation - Stand International the General in particular standards, and International (ISAD(G)) Description Archival ard Bod- Corporate for Record Authority Archival Standard as the well as (CPF)), (ISAAR and Families Persons ies, archive. electronic a long-term of creation Bratislava Slovenska, banka All images: ©Národná Chudják František finding aids and registries intended for publication are publication are for intended and registries finding aids all that at the same time, and, regularly synchronised research with their along researchers, of registrations synchronised are approval, pending lists and requests all modified 2017 and 2018, Between directions. in both information the new into imported were old inventories through solely created now finding aids are New system. the sec only are Archives NBS The system. eArchive the 45 - Národná banka Slovenska banka Národná mation about the NBS Archives, including their activities activities their including Archives, mation about the NBS the Slovak in both Available public. the and services for the gen- for is intended the portal languages, and English their for need it who may NBS staff any public and for eral can access information visitors the portal, Through work. electronic make in the archive, stored on the documents room, research Archives’ the NBS to visits for reservations finding via electronic retrieval for documents request and NBS’s of outputs the of one is portal research The aids. - sys a In 2014, Project. Digitisation and Registry Archive At public procurement. through selected was supplier tem fonds the archival of review a complete the same time, - old inven of modification with the along commenced, was form. electronic to paper from transition and their tories the manage- for system information the eArchive In 2017, into moved documents archival of and processing ment system information The eArchive phase. the production managing for tools application that provides web is a the operating and for documents archival and processing between The interconnection room. research electronic that eArchive’s portal ensures and the research eArchive the history of the domestic financial sector, the research research the sector, domestic financial the of the history about information the following: access to portal provides fonds are whose institutions financial of the majority prominent of biographies brief Archives; in the NBS stored infor and financial sector; Slovak of in the history figures

eabh bulletin With the election of Erasmo Piaggio as president Piaggio as president Erasmo With the election of - Ital Credito in 1906, this expansion, to Thanks the insti- bank business, the ordinary Aside from on focused Italiano the Credito the same time, At Its operations were mainly based on capital, which varied varied which based on capital, mainly were operations Its progress depending on the 5 and 20 million lire, between business at the time. of links closer towards moved Genova di the Banca 1890, in the overcome to centres financial Italian other the with - Pres crisis. financial century nineteenth late the of effects the oppo- despite Piaggio pushed in this direction ident with the merger 1895, In local bank shareholders. sition of the old Banca di in Milan transformed Vonwiller Banca the main objectives of One Italiano. Credito into Genova to was business name and behind the new the merger, of the throughout be extended underline the action plan to increased bank the years following the In country. whole in Florence branches opening new by its national presence Banca (former Rome in 1898, Banco Pestellini) (former and Bari Banca Meuricoffre) (former Naples in 1901, Manzi) in 1905. Cagno) Di Vito Banca (former year The 12 branches. across iano had 650 employees and in 1914 staff female hire to the bank had started before women. were than 100 employees its more of half already - Ital important some of creation the in participated tution 1896 and 1914 such as Branca, ian businesses between - Monte OM, Elba, Voltri, di Ferriere SIP, Eridania, Vizzola, Italgas. catini, Primarily, links. its international establishing and increasing Lon- was in first one The branches. foreign inaugurating by shareholders foreign bringing in new by Secondly, don in 1911. - the Nation and Warschauer the Directors: of Board the to d’Escompte Comptoir the Berlin, of Deutschland albank fur 46 - - . 2 UniCredit . 1 1870 – 2020 Celebrating 150 years Celebrating – 2020 1870 Genoa, the ancient city of sea and commerce, was was sea and commerce, of city the ancient Genoa, The current Group structure is the result of of is the result structure Group The current - stretch long tradition very has a Banking in Italy The new-born Banca di Genova was immediately immediately was Genova di Banca new-born The financial transactions. Italian of points the focal one of became the most exchange the Genoa stock 1861, After kingdom the new of financial centre important In 2020, UniCredit celebrated its 150th anniversary. This This its 150th anniversary. celebrated UniCredit In 2020, highlights long history in the bank’s milestone important since the beginning player has been a key the Group how in sector global banking the modern of evolution the of and beyond. Italy with the acquisitions in the 1990s that started mergers - but UniCred banks, and European Italian important of when in Genoa in 1870 first began successful journey it’s (Pallavicino, noblemen local shareholders, of a group (Lagorio, and merchants Polleri) (Quartara, bankers Balbi), They di Genova. the Banca created Bacigalupo) Dodero, - and estab as President Camillo Pallavicini chose Marquis capital at 2 million lire. lished the bank’s before In the 19th century, times. medieval ing back to and systematic was not lending Italy, of the unification Par economic needs. the country's to inadequate largely allel financial circuits were developed, such as the savings such as the savings developed, were allel financial circuits the become part of to on went later which of many banks, Turin of banks the saving others (among Group UniCredit In the second and Carpi in 1843). in 1836, Rome in 1827, in the coun- economic activity the 19th century, of half see the emer to started and Italy impetus new gained try banks ordinary numerous gence of life, its of years In the first 20 exchange. stock the on listed business banking mixed a developed Genova di Banca the companies. taking holdings in industrial and commercial by

eabh bulletin In 1929, the fragile stability which emerged after after which emerged stability the fragile In 1929, were changes some other thirties, In the late to Italy for difficult was it WWII, the end of At - man Italiano a Credito Pizzoni, Alfredo In 1945, place in Italy at the time. place time. at the in Italy - oblite was War World the First by the destruction caused in the rupture caused a radical Depression The Great rated. world- countries most of fortunes economic and financial crisis pushed the state the of worsening the In Italy, wide. (IRI), Reconstruction Industrial for the Institute create to the demobilizing all the participations of with the task of - Cred 78% of of owner IRI became the share banks. mixed the most of three one of only that remained Italiano, ito private some retain to country in the banks important bank holdings in Italy IRI guidance, Under shareholders. the banks held only Italiano out and Credito bottomed Italiano. Credito to IRI sold 50 branches abroad. owned on the stock Italiano Credito the listing of years, 65 After later. years 35 only resume suspended to was exchange Gaetano Pier death, upon Feltrinelli's 1935, in established: Italiano and in 1937 Credito president, elected was Venino the so-called banks, national interest three became one of Italiana. and Banca Commerciale with Banco di Roma BIN, the of the outbreak by upset was balance new This delicate branches York and New The London War. World Second Com- Allies. the liquidation by closed and put into were interrupted, were network with the foreign munications with the parent which communicated China for except were employees Many 1943. until via Switzerland company them never people; some of arms - about 1,900 called to the by two in divided was management The bank returned. 1943. on 8 September Italy of the surrender following war 1944, June since separately The south had been organized Office as its headquarters Representative using the Rome Carlo Orsi. CEO, and former Vice-President the and led by Stringher, and Giovanni Mino Brughera the CEO, In Milan, to the partisans Italiano Credito of the coverage offered close levels to dropped Profitability Allies. the by financed and 1.13%. 0.64% between with ROE zero, to the economic desolation caused recover to imagine how war. as the civil well occupation as Germany’s Nazi by such a deadly the end of following the relief However, War, Cold emerging by the although affected conflict, revive. pushed the bank to the National chaired Pizzoni president. elected was ager, based in (CLNAI) Italy Northern for Committee Liberation Credito of As president the resistance. Milan throughout and Can- States the United visited he repeatedly Italiano relationships personal and important his broad where ada and Italiano Credito enhance the position of him to allowed Since 1946, banking and financial circles. in overseas Italy 47 - - - UniCredit . 3 . 5 . 4 After the upheavals of the First World War, the the War, World the First of the upheavals After In 1907 the bank’s headquarters were moved moved were headquarters the bank’s In 1907 In 1914, another significant development took took development significant another In 1914, On the domestic side, control over a number of of a number over control the domestic side, On as itself (re)establish managed to quickly Italiano Credito it the 1920s, In in the country. banks leading the of one some creating abroad network its strengthened further Germany, Switzerland, Austria, in banks subsidiary new also organized Italiano Credito and China. Egypt, France, Albania Bank of the National of the creation cial Banque of Basel, the Banque de l'Union Parisienne and and Parisienne the Banque de l'Union Basel, cial Banque of Paris, of l'Industrie et Commerce le pour Française Banque - the cre for allowed These links Zurich. Bank of and the Leu South with Belgian partners in Belga Italo the Banca ation of and Uruguay). Argentina America (Brazil, building in Piazza Cordusio. a new Milan to Genoa to from but in Genoa, remained company the of address The legal in role a central had acquired exchange Milan and its stock with bank a that life economic and financial country's the ignore could not Italiano Credito ambitions like in Paris along with the Credit General Liegiois, the Commer Liegiois, General the Credit with along in Paris tant of whom were the Pirelli and the Treves. This balance This balance Treves. and the the Pirelli were whom of tant that followed. years wiped out in the was governance of resign and to had Pfizmajer Germany, being from In 1916, 1918 as the In 1917 and CEO. the only remained Balzarotti partic to chose not banks foreign capital increased, new the control able to no longer therefore were and ipate - pro the new capitalists became Italian Italiano. Credito and Agnelli when Giovanni phase, tagonists in the next In members. new Gualino joined as important Riccardo the of control take Gualino tried to years the following attempts takeover These hostile times. of bank a number with the capital increasing at a high price rejected were intervention government to million and thanks 400 to Carlo Furthermore, Agnelli. Giovanni and the support of since 1919, network the foreign of a supporter Feltrinelli, and the bank of shareholders the major one of became - he became Presi Afterwards directors. of joined its board main shareholder and the bank’s dent for appointed were Officers Executive Chief two place, Ettore Federico and Guglielmo Pfizmajer the first time, the two personified they war, the of the eve On Balzarotti. the company: the controlled that shareholders of groups and Swiss) Belgian German, (French, banks foreign large the most impor industrialists and bankers, and the Italian Banca Monferrato, Banca del acquired: was banks local In 1930, and Banca Unione. Varesino Credito di Legnano, econ- in the national peaked presence Italiano’s Credito - Cred di Nazionale Banca of acquisition the with omy bank in the country The then second largest (BNC). ito taken that had ever bank merger carried out the largest

eabh bulletin - - . 6 Credito Italiano seized many of the opportu- of many seized Italiano Credito With the expansion of the branch network came came network the branch of the expansion With with Eurocard distribution started card Credit some change as saw model The organizational and an clients, more service, and better Increased to come under started financial sector Italy’s stock a during In 1981, allowed. opening nities that this - Ital Credito capitalization of the market boom, market year, The next lire. 14,400 of level a record iano reached eign structure of the other public Italian banks (as Banca Banca (as banks public Italian the other of eign structure in the seventies Banco di Roma), or Italiana Commerciale In stronger. grew Italiano Credito of presence the foreign joined bank the and reopened, branch London the 1971, - Man with Chase banks Orion of the multinational group Canada, of Bank Royal Westminster, National hattan, In the Bank. and Mitsubishi Girozentrale Westdeutsche - world inaugurated were branches many years, following Madrid, Tokyo, Moscow, York, in New example for wide, San Paolo. citizens. emphasis on the banking needs of a noticeable with some initiatives expanded was services of The range checks services: tourist the following of the creation like Credits’ ‘Personal abroad, travel who customers service for - and fam instalments, loans in monthly of with repayment with retail contact as a privileged channel for accounts ily groups. corporate of employees in particular customers, international the SWIFT to connected Italiano and Credito started also, Italiano, Credito system. payment electronic the Selma company. in the leasing field through operating - cre was department a marketing In the seventies, well. established was centre training and a professional ated, - restyl complete A Milan. near villa in Lesmo in an ancient company a new carried out and was the branches of ing advertising and studies Customer created. was brand systematic on a more enhanced and took were activities comple- the with ended decade The nature. planned and - Ital entire the bank’s connection of the real-time tion of ian network. Conse- workload. the to added range product expanded people oper reached 14,500 the staff during 1977, quently, 310 branches. ating across the economic and however, the seventies, from Starting was in 1974 which, worsened, in Italy political climate which had stood Italiano, Credito of ROE in the reflected 5%. below 1966 and fell 8 and 9% after between - a banking sys the crisis in the 1980s, address To pressure. and privatization aimed at increasing process reform tem was competition launched year, in 1969, Capital Italia, the first mutual investment investment mutual first the Italia, Capital 1969, in year, in US dollars, denominated law Luxembourg fund under for extensive the enjoying not While operate. to began

48 - - - UniCredit At the turning point of its 100th anniversary, its 100th anniversary, of the turning point At - the predeces the 1960s and the 1980s, Between as CEO, Rondelli Lucio With the nomination of The war had also increased the pride of belonging belonging of pride the increased also had war The unprec of a period entered Italy In the fifties, - paid atten Italiano Credito his presidency, Under edented and uninterrupted growth that was to last into last into to was that growth and uninterrupted edented its reached in 1956 ROE Italiano The Credito 1970s. the - String Giovanni In 1958, with 20.53%. maximum post-war - Techno death. Pizzoni's after President elected was her In the bank. for point focal became a logical development - became a data process centre the mechanographic 1960, - pro the first electronic with the installation of ing centre 60, the Gamma tapes, magnetic reading capable of cessor sec filled the computerization on Focus Olivetti-Bull. of - with the inven In the seventies, this century. of ond half turn- a decisive was there the personal computer, tion of In this trend. accelerate further to which acted ing point between was created connection real-time the first 1969, - Account with the and Rome Turin Milan, of the branches 6000 com- Honeywell powerful two In 1972, ing Centre. the moon the trip to for NASA type used by (the puters with branches the connect all to installed were 1969) in each other. bank’s the with celebrate to able was Italiano Credito market. the stock on return expansion both a period of lived UniCredit of banks sor as a ways in many at home and abroad, and innovation, access and the consequent the economic growth of result The business the population. of the majority for credit to Cassa di them - like of many for focus and geographical - Cred or Torino Cassa di Risparmio di Verona, Risparmio di even domestic, overwhelmingly - remained Romagnolo ito also in had established a foothold though those banks financial centres. other In the same far-reaching. became more strategy the bank’s - Ital formed joined the newly Italiano Credito ing system: of in the creation Association and participated ian Banking in 1946. Mediobanca - Ital Credito in 1945, example, For company. a trusted to the occasion marking 50th anniversary, its iano celebrated a special donation and an its employees giving each of by service. of years with 25 employees for additional award the network of branches and foreign controlled banks had had banks controlled and foreign branches of the network Offices. Representative a dozen half by been replaced operations make services to of the organization tion to growing the to satisfy and and efficient streamlined more mechano- a modern this purpose, For customers. needs of - the auto in 1952 and in 1956, created was center graphic launched. was and deposits payments matic service for bank the of growth the to paid also was attention Great

eabh bulletin 4 2 49 UniCredit 3 1 1. Banca di Genova Share, 1885 Share, Banca di Genova 1. [1907] – Milan, Square in Cordusio Headquarters Italiano Credito 2. [1925] Office, Account Current – Milan Branch: Italiano Credito 3. [1930] – Bari Branch, Italiano Credito 4.

eabh bulletin 7 9 6 50 UniCredit 8 5 5. Italian Bank for China – Shanghai Headquarter, [1939] China – Shanghai Headquarter, Bank for Italian 5. Branch,1953 Biella Italiano the Credito of at the inauguration right, second from Pizzoni, Alfredo 6. [1972] Mulas M. by photo in Milan, Center Accounting at the Electricity Data-entry 7. 1979 in Florence, meeting Group Orion 8. [1980] in Lesmo, Room Training 9.

eabh bulletin 51 UniCredit 10 10. “Signora in doppio petto grigio” advertising campaign, 1985 campaign, advertising grigio” in doppio petto “Signora 10.

eabh bulletin 52 UniCredit 11 11. Signing of the agreement between Credito italiano and Credito Romagnolo Group, 1995 Group, Romagnolo italiano and Credito Credito between the agreement Signing of 11.

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- - into UniCredito Italiano, all the operating the operating all Italiano, UniCredito into 8 UniCredit Banca transferred its headquarters to to its headquarters transferred Banca UniCredit its national consolidation in to Simultaneously development the of part as years, following the In the New project, S3 the of completion the With in 2005, with Hypovereinsbank With the merger acquired UniCredit on the domestic side, In 2007, - intro was the bank for a single brand In 2008, trace UniCredit by the firms acquired of Some On 1 July 2002, following the incorporation of the the of the incorporation following 2002, July 1 On networks were made part of the same central Group, thus thus Group, the same central made part of were networks the of During the second half bank. constituting a single - the tran of view in restructured were the operations year, guided segment, market by model operating the of sition bank Private and the Corporate 2003, In S3". "Project by - companies: Uni new within two located were ing activities and Verona in with headquarters Banca d'Impresa, Credit Turin. in with headquarters Banking Private UniCredit market. in the retail only operate to Bologna and continued - merg cross-border of series launched a UniCredit Italy, second Poland's Bank Pekao, over In 1999 it took ers. bank. largest Splitska Bulbank (first bank in Bulgaria), in Europe, strategy and (Slovakia) Pol'nobanka bank in Croatia), (third Banka a 10% stake Lastly, Group. joined the Demirbank (Romania) bank in Croatia). (first acquired was Banka in Zagrebacka moved the Group that, After created. was Division Europe (Zagrebacka bank Croatian the largest acquire fully on to and the Splitska, with the simultaneous sale of Banka), the as well as Koc group Turkish the of purchase 50% - expan This further Republic). (Czech Banka Zivnostenska in Europe. groups sion placed the bank among the leading on the presence sizeable very established a had UniCredit in the aggregation cross-border the largest after continent to was the merger of the main objectives of One area. euro cor private, to provide firm pan-European establish a truly access worldwide clients sovereign and institutional porate, smaller further Subsequently, its services and markets. to combined which, the portfolio added to were acquisitions the of expansion the rapid led to growth, with organic markets. European and Eastern in Central presence bank’s merger a 2002 of the result (itself Group Capitalia the MCC Banco di Sicilia, Carire, Bipop among Banca di Roma, second-biggest bank. becoming Europe's and Fineco), duced as UniCredit. such as the the 15th century to back roots historical their early Other in 1473. di Bologna di Pietà Monte notable include UniCredit heritage of the historical of examples Banca di Roma, of a predecessor Spirito, Banco di Santo in 1605. founded six banks former 53 - - - - - UniCredit was 7 In 1998, the merger of the Credito Italiano Group Group Italiano the Credito of the merger In 1998, Rov e Trento Risparmio di di Cassa 1999 In At last, Credito Italiano tried to acquire control control acquire tried to Italiano Credito last, At - rein was in Italy privatization In 1990 the push for a into transformed was Italiano Credito Firstly, In 1984, Gesticredit company was set up to oper up to set was company Gesticredit 1984, In ereto, Cassa di Risparmio di Trieste and Banca Popolare and Banca Popolare Trieste Cassa di Risparmio di ereto, - 15 Octo On Italiano. UniCredito added to were di Rieti banking company up a new set Italiano UniCredito ber 600 having with the aim of S.p.A. Italiano called Credito home network. the bank’s of branches ondly, in 1993, Credito Italiano was the first among the the first among the was Italiano Credito in 1993, ondly, with the place- be privatized to the IRI system of banks its shares. of the majority of ment take to started Group UniCredit the future that, After - Ital Credito landscape. this evolving shape in the midst of and acquisitions dur mergers with several faced was iano occasional epi- were but these century, ing the twentieth 1990s the late the period of while time, over sodes diluted incor of speed and the number for both, exceptional was over took Italiano Credito time, years’ In a few porations. e Calabria and the Cassa Rurale Nord Agricola the Banca the of as control well as di Montechiaro, Palma Artigiana of Group. Romagnolo Credito Verona, Risparmio di di (Cassa Group and the Unicredito a imposed Cassamarca) and Torino di Risparmio di Cassa the bank and a simultaneous change of capital increase Italy in first the was bank The Italiano. UniCredito to name capitalization. and market profitability of in terms launched in Italy making Credito Italiano the first bank to to bank the first Italiano making Credito launched in Italy received It TV. Italian campaign out on advertising an put as Association award Financial Marketing the European year. the the best campaign of a with the aim of dell’Agricoltura, the Banca Nazionale of a sixty-year been the first after have would which merger, - Ital Credito between merger the major hiatus following - the opera However, di Credito. iano and Banca Nazionale fruition. come to tion did not which imposed the privatization law, Amato’s with forced public con- under entities institutions, public law both of of and the banks banks, savings such as Banco Sicilia or trol Banco di Roma. or Italiano such as Credito national interest, holdings sub into divided be to Group", "Multifunctional Sec Italia. Holding Credit existing alongside the already ate in mutual investment funds and the Merchant Bank Bank funds and the Merchant in mutual investment ate 1985, In London. in established was Ltd Italiano Credito grigio’ in doppio petto ‘Signora the the campaign of the network reorganization into autonomous groups was was groups autonomous into reorganization network the In management. central to directly reporting operational, installed. were ATMs 50 the first 1983,

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Banca Cassa di Risparmio di Torino S.p.A., Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Verona Cassa di Risparmio di S.p.A., Torino Banca Cassa di Risparmio di Cassa di Risparmio Cassamarca Ancona Banca S.p.A., Vicenza Belluno e e Rovereto Trento Cassa di Risparmio di S.p.A., Trevigiana della Marca Banca 1473 and Rolo Banca S.p.A., Trieste Cassa di Risparmio di S.p.A., Cassa di also Banca dell’Umbria; acquired UniCredit In 2005, S.p.A. Risparmio di Carpi S.p.A. M. Onado, La lunga rincorsa: la costruzione del sistema finanziario, finanziario, costruzione del sistema rincorsa: la La lunga Onado, M. Industrie, 3.2, Vol. d’Italia. Economica Storia Toniolo, Ciocca – G. in P. 2003, Laterza, Roma-Bari, e le opportunità, vincoli I istituzioni. mercati, role a leading play will it born, was Banco di Roma In 1880, 381-393. pp. UniCredit. but also in that of economic history in Italian only not Ilte, nel secolo XIX, di Genova valori La Borsa Felloni, Pozzo-G. Da M. pp 1-9. 1964, al di Milano dal 1861 valori alla Borsa quotate società Le De Luca, G. 52. p. 2002, Scheiwiler, Milano, 2000, 291 ff. p. 2011, Feltrinelli, Milano, I Feltrinelli, Segreto, L. Nations. of the League by Italy to The task had been entrusted pp. finanziario, del sistema rincorsa: la costruzione La lunga Onado, 448-449. (n.d.t.) double breasted in gray Lady

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 54 UniCredit - merg and the banks Italian of history the As for possesses two further Group The UniCredit an provided have we this article Throughout - Histori UniCredit’s the sector, affected ers that have the most one of represent in Milan, located Archives, cal development banking sector’s the of sources important - Uni the 90s, of the aggregations before Even in Italy. story the incorpo- part of was Italiano Credito rather or Credit - rel Equally banking institutions. important many of ration mergers behind the the story of is the preservation evant and 1930s, in the 1920s companies that, those financial of - and in defin exchange stock on the assumed a leading role that period. capitalism of Italian of ing the structures - Austria-Cred Vienna (Bank in archives remarkable other alongside the These archives, (HVB). itanstalt) and Munich with each country of history rich the all reflect Italy, in one and attitudes. values its UniCredit, of the history years in 150 the first of overview change has to that a dynamic approach demonstrating was This achievements. the bank’s for been a driver always the last of the successful delivery by confirmed once again on ensuring the focused 2019’ ‘Transform plan strategic business with a focused the bank of fundamentals strong in needs evolving clients’ our meeting continue model to scenarios. all market S.p.A. All images: ©UniCredit Malvezzi Francesca

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Differences emerge too: for instance, the the instance, for too: emerge Differences analyt- these of many together bring editors The List of contributors: List of contributors: Long Denggao Amelung, Iwo Kaske, Elisabeth Wong, Bin Wang & Bi Yue Zhang, Yaguang Liu, Qiugen Yi, Wei & - Poet Monika Irina Chaplygina, Lapidus & André Zyler, Cosimo Per Volker, Caspari Schefold, Bertram tinger, Terry Trautwein, Hans-Michael Lilia Costabile, rotta, Borokh, Olga Den Berg, Van Richard Liu, Qunyi Peach, Niedenführ. Matthias Weber, Isabella European experiences, and the cross-fertilization of eco- of and the cross-fertilization experiences, European - pluri-mil their and ideas in the course of nomic practices lennial interactions. and was, economic life of the organization to approach the book However, in China. State-centred more still is, pri- the by played role important the shows appropriately in Chi- the business sector in particular, and, sector vate in the chapters illustrated vividly as nese development, in shaping busi- Confucianism of the influence to devoted ness ethics. com- systematic a (‘Towards in a final chapter ical threads Conclu- thought: economic of forms different parison of this for horizons that opens new sions and Perspectives’), economic research. comparative line of Lilia Costabile 55 Academic Council Explored along a variety of temporal and thematic and thematic temporal of variety along a Explored - unifying themes include the relation Other European and Chinese histories of economic thought thought of economic and Chinese histories European The literature in the West on the history of Chinese eco- of on the history West in the The literature comparisons and and sparse, is extremely nomic thought economic Western of the history with confrontations book contributes This pioneering so. more even thought and Chinese Western together bringing by gap fill this to economic of evolution on the historical reflect scholars to and China. ideas in Europe emerges government’ ‘good of the problem dimensions, analysis a complex of rouge the fil as the unifying thread, - issues and the investiga theoretical that includes both, A particular, problems. ‘applied economic’ specific tion of institu- monetary to is given focus exclusive though not include evolution Chinese lines of policies. tions and their its ideological justifi- the State, of agency of the problem role played the expenditure, public of the financing cation, loans. of and the provision the public administration, by of side European to the theme is a first bridge The latter on the look down used to The Chinese elites the story. - con in usury, criticise specifically not did but merchants, condemna- The initial radical Christianity. early to trast justifications theoretical to way then gives usury tion of the reflecting capitalist Europe; in early interest-taking of the both loans made to interest-yielding of role increasing the by the public sector most importantly, and, private These discussions lay merchants. money class of emerging and profit. interest of the economic analysis for the ground and Chinese in money paper and metallic between ship

eabh bulletin 56 Academic Council 1 1. Participants in the Symposium Forschungskolleg Humanwissenschaften, Bad Homburg, 1–3 December 2017 1–3 December Bad Homburg, Humanwissenschaften, Forschungskolleg in the Symposium Participants 1.

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