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Translated by F. Max Müller

Shvetashvatara Upanishad is embedded in . The name "Shvetashvatara" has the compound root Shvetashva , Shvet + ashva), which literally means "white horse" and "drawn by white steeds". The Shvetashvatara Upanishad opens with metaphysical questions s v d about the primal cause of all existence, its origin, its end, and what role if any did time, nature, e

a necessity, chance, and the spirit had as primal cause? It then develops its answer. The t h chronology of Shvetashvatara Upanishad is uncertain and contested. It was probably a s

i composed in the 5th to 4th century BCE. s n v a

The 11 principal to which Sankara appeals in his great commentary on the a p

Vedanta-Surtras are: Chandogya, Talavakara or Kena, Aitareya, Kaushitaki, Vajasaneyi or t U a Isha, Katha, Mundaka, Taittirtiyaka or Taittiriya, Brihadaranyaka, Svetasvatara, and Prasna.

They are also called the 11 classical Upanishads or the fundamental Upanishads of the r a Philosophy. Apart from these, Maitrayana--Upanishad is also considered a r

as an important Upanishad. a U t The Upanishadic literature is not a religious scripture and is free from dogma and doctrines. It P a A

v is not a part of any religion but is a philosophy for all times and for all. German philosopher N s Arthur Schopenhauer, impressed by the Upanishads, called the texts "the production of the I S a highest human wisdom". Summary by Jothi H t A e Read by Jothi Tharavant. Total running time: 00::41:23 D v s This recording is in the public domain and may be reproduced, distributed, or modified without permission. For more information or to volunteer, visit librivox.org. Cover picture released into the public domain Copyright expired in U.S., Canada, EU. and all countries with author’s life +70 yrs laws. Cover design is in the public domain.