Tetranychidae (Acari) in Forest Fragments in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil P.R
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Tetranychidae (Acari) in forest fragments in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil P.R. Demite, C.H.W. Flechtmann, R.J.F. Feres To cite this version: P.R. Demite, C.H.W. Flechtmann, R.J.F. Feres. Tetranychidae (Acari) in forest fragments in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Acarologia, Acarologia, 2016, 56 (4), pp.435-449. 10.1051/acarologia/20162245. hal-01547330 HAL Id: hal-01547330 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01547330 Submitted on 26 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License ACAROLOGIA A quarterly journal of acarology, since 1959 Publishing on all aspects of the Acari All information: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ [email protected] Acarologia is proudly non-profit, with no page charges and free open access Please help us maintain this system by encouraging your institutes to subscribe to the print version of the journal and by sending us your high quality research on the Acari. Subscriptions: Year 2017 (Volume 57): 380 € http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/subscribe.php Previous volumes (2010-2015): 250 € / year (4 issues) Acarologia, CBGP, CS 30016, 34988 MONTFERRIER-sur-LEZ Cedex, France The digitalization of Acarologia papers prior to 2000 was supported by Agropolis Fondation under the reference ID 1500-024 through the « Investissements d’avenir » programme (Labex Agro: ANR-10-LABX-0001-01) Acarologia is under free license and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-BY-NC-ND which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Acarologia 56(4): 435–449 (2016) DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20162245 Tetranychidae (Acari) in forest fragments in the State of São Paulo, Brazil Peterson R. DEMITE1,2, Carlos H.W. FLECHTMANN3 and Reinaldo J.F. FERES4 (Received 04 January 2016; accepted 18 April 2016; published online 02 September 2016) 1PPG – Biologia Animal, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. [email protected] 2Present address: Instituto Federal Goiano, Câmpus Urutaí, 75790-000, Urutaí, Goiás, Brazil 3Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, ESALQ-Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. chfl[email protected] 4Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. [email protected] ABSTRACT — Tetranychidae is an important family of phytophagous mites, with some species considered agricultural pests. Nevertheless, there are few studies about the diversity of this mite family in natural environments. Thus, the objective was to record the species of spider mites associated with plants in forest fragments located in the Northwestern of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Thirty-eight species belonging to 14 genera of Tetranychidae were recorded. Only Tetranychus mexicanus and Eutetranychus banksi, species recorded on plants of economic interest, in some cases causing damage to crops, were abundant and frequent in the forest fragments sampled in this study. The knowledge of plants that can serve as alternate hosts or plant-traps can assist in understanding the dynamics of these mites in agroecosystems. The great diversity of Tetranychidae registered, and the limited knowledge of these mites associated with plants in natural environments, reinforces the importance of surveys carried out in forest remnants. Future studies should be conducted to increase the knowledge of spider mites in natural areas. KEYWORDS — conservation; forest remnants; phytophagous mites INTRODUCTION in natural environments (Demite and Feres, 2005; Feres et al., 2005; Buosi et al., 2006), or specific Tetranychidae, also known as spider mites, is a fam- groups such as Oribatida (Oliveira et al., 2005), Phy- ily of phytophagous mites which has about 1,288 toseiidae (Feres and Moraes, 1998; Gondim Jr. and valid species (Migeon and Dorkeld, 2015). Species Moraes, 2001; Zacarias and Moraes, 2001; Lofego of this family can cause severe economic effect on et al., 2004; Demite et al., 2011; Moraes et al., 2013), agriculture, and are considered as pests of more Stigmaeidae (Arruda Filho and Moraes, 2002), Tar- than a hundred crops (Bolland et al., 1998; Migeon sonemidae (Lofego et al., 2005). However, none of and Dorkeld, 2015). these studies addressed particularly the Tetranychi- dae. The lack of information related to this fam- Recently several studies have been conducted to ily in natural environments is very worrying, and understand the mite fauna associated with plants in conducting inventories in forest fragments in areas natural environments in Brazil, most of these car- that suffer or have suffered strong anthropic pres- ried in State of São Paulo, Brazil. These studies sure are extremely important (Demite et al., 2009). showed mite fauna information as a whole, present http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ 435 ISSN 0044-586-X (print). ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic) Demite P.R. et al. TABLE 1: Localization of forest fragments sampled. Localities Coordinates Barretos (Area 1) 20°29'05” S, 48°49'21” W Barretos (Area 2) 20°38’14” S, 48°45'06” W Bebedouro 20°53'06” S, 48°32'26” W Macaubal 20°44'34” S, 49°55'55” W Matão 21°37'14” S, 48°32'14” W Nova Granada 20°32'37” S, 49°14'47” W Novo Horizonte 21°31'15” S, 49°17'41” W Palestina (Area 1) 20°17'18” S, 49°30'01” W Palestina (Area 2) 20°19’16” S, 49°30'17” W Pindorama 21°13’12” S, 48°55'04” W Planalto 21°00'05” S, 49°58'26” W Sales 21°24'17” S, 49°30'01” W Sto. Antônio do Aracanguá 20°55'34” S, 50°20'55” W S. J. de Iracema 20°28'25” S, 50°17'36” W S. J. do Rio Preto (Area 1) 20°44'46” S, 49°17'48” W S. J. do Rio Preto (Area 2) 20°50'26” S, 49°17'45” W Taquaritinga 21°24’08” S, 48°41'14” W Turmalina 20°00'13” S, 50°26'02” W União Paulista 20°55'16” S, 49°55'34” W Votuporanga 20°30'52” S, 50°05'12” W These authors alert that mite species may become MATERIALS AND METHODS extinct before they are even known. Study areas São José do Rio Preto region currently has only 3.3% of its native vegetation area (SMA/IF, 2005), The samplings were realized in 20 forest fragments most of which has been replaced by pasture, miscel- (Table 1) in Northwestern of State of São Paulo. laneous crops or urban areas (PROBIO, 1998). This The climate of the region is the type CWA-AW of is the most deforested and fragmented region in Köppen, characterized by a prominent dry season, São Paulo State, and has the lowest concentration which receives only 15% of the total annual rain- of conservation areas, creating a scenario that ap- fall rate, varying between 1,100 and 1,250mm (± parently will not be reversed without environmen- 225 mm) (Barcha and Arid, 1971), and by the un- tal management action (Kronka et al., 1993). predictability of rainy season’s beginning (Rossa- The realization of these studies is important for Feres and Jim, 2001). Original vegetal composition conservation and also from the agricultural point of of this region is formed by semidecidual seasonal view. Native plants can act as reservoirs of phy- forest and cerrado spots (Ab’Saber, 2003). tophagous mites and their natural enemies that oc- cur or may occur in crops (Moraes et al., 2001). Sampling The aim of this study was to identify the fauna of Tetranychidae in forest fragments located in the The data presented in this study are for surveys con- Northwestern of State of São Paulo, Brazil. ducted in two projects. 436 Acarologia 56(4): 435–449 (2016) In the first project the samplings were carried der mites were found in 73 plant species belong- out in two fragments located in São José do Rio ing to 31 botanical families (Table 3); five species Preto, São Paulo state. Samples were collected of spider mites were recorded on undetermined monthly from January 1985 to December 1990. At plant families. Eight species could not be identi- each sampling, a variable number of plants was fied due to the low number of individuals: Apony- sampled in each fragment. chus sp., collected on Helicteres brevispira A. Juss. In the second project the areas where the (Sterculiaceae) in Sales; Eotetranychus sp. on Celtis samplings were conducted and the schedule of sp. (Cannabaceae) in Barretos (Area 2); Monony- collections were set by the Thematic Project chellus sp.1 on Anadenanthera peregrina var. fal- Biota/FAPESP "Fauna and Flora of remnant for- cata (Benth.) Altschul (Leguminosae) in Palestina est fragments in Northwestern São Paulo: basis (Area 2); Mononychellus sp.2 on Croton urucurana for studies of biodiversity conservation". The sam- Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) in Matão; Oligonychus sp.1 plings were realized quarterly in two periods: (1) on Struthanthus sp. (Loranthaceae) and Strychnos June 2007 to March 2008; (2) June 2008 to March brasiliensis (Spreng.) Mart. (Loganiaceae) in S.J. do 2009. In each of the two periods ten fragments were Rio Preto (Area 1); Oligonychus sp.2 on Mabea fistulif- sampled, and two areas were sampled in both peri- era Mart.