EXISTING TRANSPORT AND 3 INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS This chapter reviews the exis ng condi ons, future projects and key issues of transporta on and infrastructure in the Capital Region. The chapter covers the following: Transport Roads Rail Avia on Water Transport Public Transport Non-motorized Transport Infrastructure Water Supply Waste Water Storm Water Solid Waste Power Supply View of the railway bridge over the Krishna River from Barrage 3.1 GENERAL REVIEW 28 3.1.1 ANDHRA PRADESH INFRASTRUCTURE In the state of Andhra Pradesh, the high growth due to economic liberaliza on has resulted in signifi cant movement of goods and people, which in turn created problems such as conges on, pollu on and overburden and deteriora on of exis ng infrastructure. A mul -pronged approach is needed to ensure that the economic growth and urbaniza on does not lead to further deteriora on in mobility and accessibility in urban areas, while providing new infrastructure where necessary. In 2001, the State Government enacted the Andhra Pradesh Infrastructure Development Enabling Act (APIDEA), providing a regulatory framework for a rac ng private sector investment and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the infrastructure sector. The framework enables the State Government to enable and encourage the private sector to invest in the development and maintenance of the infrastructure in the State of Andhra Pradesh. Infrastructure development is therefore well-supported by legisla on, however key strategies need to be developed to encourage such investments. Prakasam Barrage Photo Credit: Adarsh Gupta K. 3.1.2 R More than 7% of the country’s na onal highway (3144km) is located in Andhra E C Pradesh1. Two vital na onal highways, 29 NH5 and NH9, intersect at Vijayawada, Road transporta on is the dominant the current business capital of Andhra mode of travel in India. In 2012, roads Pradesh. carried approximately 85% of the Fig.3.1 illustrates the Exis ng Roads in country’s passenger traffi c and 65% of the Capital Region . its freight. Roads form the backbone NH5 connects the Capital Region with of public transport and connec vity to the two industrial centers of Chennai other modes such as ports and airports. and Kolkata, whilst the NH9 connects the Capital Region with Hyderabad and About 40% of road traffi c in India is Machilipatnam Port. Several large ci es carried by Na onal Highways, however and towns in the Capital Region, such they only account for 2% of the as Guntur, Gannavaram, Mangalagiri, country’s road network. India has a Jaggayyapeta and Nandigama are also na onal highway density comparable located along these two Na onal to that of United States, however Highways. most highways in India are narrow and High traffi c demand is expected along congested. the Na onal Highways, as they are the only roads that connect the Capital Region with other commercial centers. LEGEND The Krishna River separates the Capital Region into two parts. Presently the two-lane Prakasam Barrage road and the NH5 are the only highways across the Krishna River in the Capital Region, and are heavily congested. 1 Andhra Pradesh State Sta s cal Abstract, Planning Department, 2014 Table 3.1Exis ng Road Lengths (by type) in Capital Region Road Type Length(km) Percentage National Highway 357 4% State Highway 365 4% M ajor District Road 1822 21% Other District Roads 857 10 % Fig.3.1 Exis ng Roads in the Capital Region Village Road 5391 61% Source: R &B, CRDA, Panchayat raj State Roads link ci es in Guntur district, The NHDP is currently upgrading and Poor road quality and under-funded 30 i.e. Guntur and Tenali, however State improving the Na onal Highways linking exis ng road maintenance leading to Roads are not prevalent in Krishna other ci es to the Golden Quadrilateral deteriora on of roads district due to few major se lements. to improve road connec vity and Major district roads and local roads accessibility (Refer to Chapter 2). O play a large role in connec ng smaller villages in the Capital Region. The East Coast Economic Corridor The expansion of Na onal Highways (ECEC) links Kolkata to Chennai via and State Roads are expected to Development of rural roads in the Andhra Pradesh as shown in Fig.3.2. In alleviate traffi c conges on, however Capital Region has been done mainly compliance of the commitment made there is need to study projected through the Prime Minister Rural Roads by the Central Government in the demand in considera on of the new Scheme, which aimed to build all- Andhra Pradesh Reorganiza on Act, Capital City. Its central loca on makes weather single lane, paved asphalted 2014, Asian Development Bank will it an ideal distribu on hub to Chennai, roads to connect all habita ons with focus on the Vizag - Chennai Sec on in Visakhapatnam and Hyderabad. a popula on of 500 or above (250 or the fi rst phase of the study3. The Capital above for hilly areas). Region is expected to benefi t from the A comprehensive regional network development of the ECEC. of Na onal Highway-level roads The roads were of indiff erent quality are required to ensure that road constructed by unskilled labour. As Several state governments have been capacity is suffi cient to support the the objec ve of the programme was implemen ng a number of state projected growth. Bypass roads can be provision of sustenance support to the highway projects since 2000. By 2010, introduced to relieve conges on in the rural people, the technical standards of state highway projects worth $1.7 billion future Capital City and to allow bypass asset quality were not insisted upon. As had been completed, and an addi onal traffi c to circulate around the region a result, roads constructed under the $11.4 billion worth of projects were unimpeded. scheme were o en not durable2. under implementa on. The state government of Andhra Pradesh had A new road hierarchy (high capacity The Na onal Highways Development implemented the construc on of 1230 urban roads) will be introduced as Project (NHDP), managed by the km of state highways as of 2010. an intermediary. Road hierarchy and Fig.3.2 Na onal Economic Corridor through Andhra Pradesh; Alignment not confi rmed Na onal Highways Authority of India cross-sec ons are crucial to safeguard (NHAI), is upgrading, rehabilita ng and K I land reserves necessary for the road widening major highways in India. network. Long term strategic plans Heavy traffi c conges on due to can help to safeguard these reserves, The Golden Quadrilateral project, insuffi cient lane capacity and iden fy key alignments for which is one of the keystone projects of Connec ons in the Capital Region development. the NHDP, also includes the upgrading depend on two Na onal Highways of NH5 from Kolkata to Chennai via Conges on at Prakasam Barrage due Andhra Pradesh. This was completed in to high traffi c demand across the 2013. Krishna River 2 India Infrastructure Report 2007 3 Investment opportuni es in Corridors, NIMZ and Cluster under IIUS, 2014 NH5 at Mangalagiri 3.1.3 R Andhra Pradesh has 5,046 km of railway network. It plays a signifi cant role in E C boos ng the economy of the state, 31 alongside developing the industrial and Indian railways provide an important the tourism sectors. All the districts mode of transport in India, transpor ng in the state are connected by rail. The over 24 million passengers and more Capital Region has 2 major sta ons in than 2 million tonnes of freight daily. Vijayawada and Guntur. (Fig.3.3) The Indian rail network connects more Two major commu ng lines, Jammu- than 7,000 sta ons over a total route Delhi-Kanyakumar, which connects length of more than 65,000 km and northern and southern India, and the track length of about 115,000 km. Kolkata-Kanyakumar, which connects eastern and southern India, both Vijayawada Junc on, one of the busiest intersect at Vijayawada Junc on railway sta ons in India. More than Sta on1. 250 express and 150 freight trains pass through it daily. It serves over 50 million Overall freight movement by rail in passengers per year. India has grown by 35% between 2002 and 2006 and has been growing LEGEND by 5.8% annually to 2013 (Fig.3.4). To support the growth, the Ministry of Railways is construc ng new Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFC) to increase in produc vity and reduce in freight transporta on cost. 1 Approach to the 12th Five Year Plan of Andhra Pradesh, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, 2012 800 600 400 200 0 Fig.3.3 Exis ng Rail Network and Railways in Capital Region 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Fig.3.4 Total Freight Traffi c moved by Rail (Indian Railways, 2013) Two corridors have been constructed high speed rail handling speeds of up O (Eastern and Western Corridors), with to 160 km/h, and are proposing high- 32 four addi onal Dedicated Freight speed rail on new tracks with improved The provision of a bypass freight corridor Corridors being planned (Refer to technology. The Indian Ministry of would help to remove freight through- Chapter 2). Railways’ white-paper “Vision 2020” traffi c from Vijayawada Junc on. This proposed six poten al high-speed rail can help Vijayawada Junc on improve The East Coast Corridor and North corridors (HSR) connec ng commercial, capacity for commuter traffi c to and South Corridor iden fi ed intersect at tourist, and pilgrimage hubs (Refer from the Capital City.