DOCSLIB.ORG

The Martial Arts of India 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Martial Arts of India 1 10 January, 2021 All the Martial Arts of India 1. Kalaripayattu It is the oldest martial art in India originated in the state of Kerala in 4th century A.D. Techniques of Kalaripayattu: Uzhichil or the massage with Gingli oil, Otta, Maipayattu or body exercises, Puliyankam or sword fight, Verumkai or bare- handed fight etc. Kalari is a Malayalam word which means School/gymnasium/training hall where Martial arts are practiced or taught. Kalaripayattu was introduced as martial art by a legend, sage Parasurama, who built temples. This art is used as a means of unarmed self-defence and a way to achieve physical fitness today. Also used in traditional rituals and ceremonies. It includes mock duels (armed and unarmed combat) and physical exercises, important aspect is the style of fighting and is nor accompanied by any drumming or song. Its important key is footwork which includes kicks, strikes and weapon based practice. Its popularity also increases with the movie Ashoka and the Myth. Women also practiced this art, Unniyarcha; a legendary heroine won many battles using this martial art. 2. Silambam It is a kind of Staff Fencing originated in Tamil Nadu, a modern and scientific martial art. Techniques of Silambam: Swift movements of the foot, use of thrust, cut, chop, sweep to achieve mastery & development of force, momentum & precision at different levels of the body, snake hits, monkey hits, hawk hits etc. Silambam is promoted in Tamil Nadu by the rulers Pandya, Chola and Chera and the reference to the sale of Silambam staves, pearls, swords and armours can be seen in a Tamil literature ‘Silapaddigaram’. This art also travelled to Malaysia, where it is a famous sport apart from a self defence technique. For mock fighting and self-defence the long-staff technique is used. Infact, Lord Muruga (in Tamil Mythology) and sage Agasthya are credited with the creation of Silambam. Even during Vedic age, training was imparted to young men as a ritual and for an emergency. 3. Thang-ta and Sarit Sarak This art was created by the Meitei people of Manipur. Thang refers to a ‘sword’ while Ta refers to a ‘spear’ and is an armed martial art whereas Sarit Sarak is an unarmed art form that uses hand to hand combat. In 17th century this art was used by Manipuri kings against Britishers later on when Britishers captured the area this technique was banned. Thang-Ta is also known as HuyenLallong, which is a popular ancient martial art which uses other weapons including an axe and a shield. It is practiced in 3 different ways: Firstly, ritualistic in nature linked with tantric practices, secondly, mesmerising performance of sword and sword dances and thirdly, is the actual technique of fighting. 4. Thoda It was started in Himachal Pradesh and Wooden bows, arrows are used. Thoda name is derived from the round wooden piece attached to the head of an arrow to minimise its lethal potential. It is a mixture of martial art, sport and culture. It takes place during Baisakhi every year. This martial art relies on a player’s of skill of archery and can be dated back at the time of Mahabharata where bows and arrows were used in the valleys of Kullu and Manali. In the game, there are 2 groups of 500 people each. All of them are not archers but dancers also who came with them to boost the morale of their respective teams. The two teams are called Pashis and Saathis, who believed to be the descendants of Pandavas and Kauravas of Mahabharata. 5. Gatka Gatka is a weapon based martial art form performed by Sikhs of Punjab. Gatka means whose freedom belongs to grace. Others say that ‘Gatka’ comes from a Sanskrit word ‘Gadha’ means mace. This art uses weapons like Kirpan, Talwar and Kataar. It is displayed in various occasions, celebrations in the state including fairs. 6. Lathi Lathi is one of the oldest weapon used in martial arts. It was originated in Punjab and Bengal. Lathi refers to a ‘stick’ mainly cane sticks which is generally 6 to 8 feet in length and sometimes metal tipped. It is also a common sport in various villages of the country.. 7. Inbuan Wrestling It was started in Mizoram, beleived to have its genesis in 1750 A.D. in Duntland village. This art consists of very strict rules that prohobit stepping out the circle, kicking and knee bending. It also involves catching of the belt worn around their waist by the wrestlers. When people migrated from Burma to Lushai hills then this art form was regarded as a sport. 8. Kuttu Varisai It was originated and mainly practiced in South India and also popular in north-eastern part of Sri Lanka and Malaysia. Techniques: Grappling, striking and locking techniques are used in this art. This art was first mentioned in Sangam literature in the first or second century B.C. Kuttu Varisai means ‘empty hand combat’. It is an unarmed Dravidian martial art used to advance athleticism and footwork through yoga, gymanstics, breathing exercises etc. It also uses animal based sets including snake, eagle, tiger, elephant and monkey. 9. Musti Yuddha It is an unarmed martial art form. Since 1960 it is a popular art. Started in Varanasi. Kicks, punches, knee and elbow strikes are the techniques used by this martial art. It incorporates the development of all three aspects physical, mental and spiritual. The fights in this art are named on the Hindu God and divided into four categories. The first is known as Jambuvanti that refers to the forcing the opponent into submission through locking and holding. Second is Hanumanti, which is for technical superiority. Third refers to Bhimaseni, which focusses on sheer strength and fourth is called Jarasandhi that concentrates on limb and joint breaking. 10. Pari-Khanda ‘Pari’ means shield while ‘khanda’ refers to sword. Therefore, both shield and sword are used in this art. It involves fighting using Sword and Shield. Its steps and techniques are used in Chhau dance of Bihar. For complete Article on Khelo India Programme: click here Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indian Martial Arts by Master E
    1 Indian Martial Arts by Master E. Edwards [email protected] The following is a rendering of an article by Master E. Edwards that appeared on pages 12 – 14 of his 20th Anniversary Souvenir Program. Master Edward’s website is www.kalari-payat.org. Indian Martial Arts Origin – Even at the dawn of man’s existence, one of the first arts man was forced to learn, for self-preservation, was the art of self-defense and therefore origin of martial arts anywhere in the world will ultimately always be traced back to the origin of man. Early man had to learn not only to effectively defend himself against his enemies but also against marauding and carnivorous animals. Mind, Body and Spirit – Among the various arts developed in India, recognized for her rich cultural heritage dating back several centuries before Christ, was the one pertaining to martial arts. Ancient Indian philosophies were handed down from generation to generation normally by word of mouth or written on palm leaf manuscripts, which incredibly are still available for inspection. These oral and written philosophies give us a clear indication that the sages of yore, apart from their usual study of religion and philosophy, never neglected the study of the human anatomy incorporating the mind, body and spirit. It is precisely from this study that the various sciences of war and the indigenous Ayurvedic medical treatment emerged. Link between, Japanese, Chinese & Indian martial arts – In the southern peninsula of India there is clear evidence showing that martial arts were practiced during the 6th and 7th century.
    [Show full text]
  • N J a B I Sport P
    P F SION N Gatka and Kabaddi are two traditional Kabaddi is has many forms, the main ones J Sikh sports. are surjeevani, gamine and Amar (Punjab The success of the style). Indian cricket team at Gatka is the Sikh martial art in which swords the World Cup and the A Indian hockey team and wooden sticks are used. In the Amar form of Kabaddi, whenever any and the Punjabi players player is touched (out), he does not go out they have is a great of the court, but stays inside, and one point inspiration to me. I B Gatka developed alongside the Sikh religion enjoy following the and became established as an important Sikh is awarded to the team that touched him. teams and watching cultural artefact as Guru Hargobind out for their results. In the northern part of India, i.e. Punjab, I empowered the Sikh nation. Gurpreet Singh Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, the game Kabbadi in action Bains A feature of Gatka is that two sabres is played in a circle. This is known as 'Circle (kirpans) are used to fight. This reflects the Kabaddi' or Amar Kabaddi. historical fact that Sikhs were very few in number and have never fought a battle in In other places it is played without a court, which they have had a numerical majority. In where it is called 'Goongi Kabaddi'. addition to its sporting side Gatka also has a spiritual aspect used to improve the mind and Alongside the traditional sports the faith. international sports of cricket, hockey and football are also popular.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of India Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF YOUTH AFFAIRS & SPORTS (DEPARTMENT OF SPORTS) LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 6394 TO BE ANSWERED ON 05.04.2018 Promotion of Indigenous Sports 6394. SHRI NINONG ERING: DR. ANUPAM HAZRA: SHRIMATI RAKSHATAI KHADSE: Will the Minister of YOUTH AFFAIRS AND SPORTS be pleased to state: (a) whether the Government has any scheme or proposal to promote indigenous and traditional sports and games specially like “Ha-du-du”, “Kabaddi”, “Danguli”, “Wrestling”, “Langadi” and “Yubi Lakpi” etc. considering cost effeciency characteristics thereof; (b) if so, the details thereof; and (c) the details of incentives offered and guidelines issued for preservation of these sports/games? ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR YOUTH AFFAIRS & SPORTS {COL. RAJYAVARDHAN RATHORE (RETD.)} (a) to (c) Sports is a State subject. Promotion of sports in the country, including promotion of indigenous and traditional sports and games, is the primary responsibility of the State Government and the concerned National Sports Federations (NSFs). The Central Government complements/supplements the efforts of the State Governments and NSFs. This Ministry is implementing a Central Sector Scheme, namely Khelo India which inter-alia includes a vertical „Promotion of rural and indigenous/tribal games‟ which aims to showcase our rural and indigenous/tribal games through annual competitions and dissemination of information so as to encourage children and youth to take up these games in a major way, paving way for their future mainstreaming. This Ministry also supplements the efforts of the NSFs by implementing the scheme of Assistance to NSFs under which funds are provided to recognized National Sports Federations for conducting National / International tournaments, participation in international events, coaching camps, purchase of equipments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins and Historical Development of Silambam Fencing
    The Origin & Historical Development of Silambam Fencing © 1988 by Dr. David Manuel Raj Contact: [email protected]; cell phone # 9884061557 or 9840020766 This research paper written in 1988 by Dr. David Manuel Raj, pictured below, was selected by the xxiv Seoul Olympic Scientific Congress (South Korea) and scheduled to be read on September 10, 1988 at one of the seminar halls at the Danhook University Campus in Seoul, South Korea. The Origin & Historical Development of Silambam Fencing: An Ancient Self- Defense Sport of India INTRODUCTION Etymologically Silambam is an onomatopoeic term for the swishing sound produced when an elastic cane bamboo, uniform in cross section and of a length which is a little less than that of the performer, is brandished with power and hit against another in the process of dueling (1). The purpose of this study was to trace the origin and the historical development of Silambam Fencing, a Dravidian Martial Sport of Tamil civilization, India from pre- historic time to the 20th Century A. D. METHOD This study was undertaken mainly by Library Research Method. HISTORY OF SILAMBAM FENCING BEFORE CHRIST According to Rapson, E. J. (2) several millennia before the Christian Era, the greater part of India was inhabited by Dravidians. Rajagopalan, K. (3) writes: Stick fight (Silambam Fencing) of Dravidians using cane bamboos is predominantly a prehistoric method of defense and attack. Paleolithic and Neolithic man found it quite handy in South India as a weapon for defense and attack against animal and human foes. Iyengar, S. (4) records: Single stick (wand of male bamboo) fencing is prevalent still in South India right from the Stone Age.
    [Show full text]
  • NGO Accreditation ICH-09 - Form
    NG0-90429-02 NGO accreditation ICH-09 - Form Re~u CLT I CtH I ITH United Nations • Intangible Educational, Scientific and • Cultural Cultural Organization • Heritage Le I0 8 FEY. 2019' ·- .. ~ N° ... .... f?.~.(Q REQUEST BY A NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION TO BE ACCREDITED TO PROVIDE ADVISORY SERVICES TO THE COMMITIEE DEADLINE 30 APRIL 2019 Instructions for completing the request form are available at: https:llich. unesco. orq/enlforms 1. Name of the organiza.tion 1.a. Official name Please provide the full official name of the organization, in its original language, as it appears in the supporting documentation establishing its legal personality (section B.b below). I Silambam Asia 1.b. Name in English or French Please provide the name of the organization in English or French. 2. Contact of the organization 2.a. Address of the organization Please provide the complete postal address of the organization, as well as additional contact information such as its telephone number, emaif address, website, etc. This should be the postal address where the organization carries out its business, regardless of where it may be legally domiciled (see section 8). Organization: Silambam Asia (granted for Consultative Status with ECOSOC on Jan 2019) Address: 73, Jalan USJ 11/20, UEP Subang Jaya 47620 P.Jaya,Selangor­ Malaysia Telephone number: +6 011 1234 7370 (Malaysia) I +65 8344 9006 (Singapore) Email address: [email protected] Website: http://silambam.asia Other relevant information: since 2014 Form ICH-09-202Q-EN - revised on 26/07/2017 - page 1 2.b Contact person for correspondence Provide the complete name, address and other contact information of the person responsible for correspondence concerning this request.
    [Show full text]
  • Varma Maruthuvam (Varma Medicine) Speciality
    CENTRAL COUNCIL OF INDIAN MEDICINE SIDDHA MARUTHUVA PERARINGNAR (M.D. (SIDDHA) COURSE SYLLABUS FOR VARMA MARUTHUVAM (VARMA MEDICINE) SPECIALITY [UNDER THE INDIAN MEDICINE CENTRAL COUNCIL (POST GRADUATE SIDDHA EDUCATION) REGULATIONS, 2016.] GOALS: Establishing the Varmam therapy of Siddha System of medicine as a cost effective drugless therapy for treating various ailments. Developing the Varmam therapy of Siddha system of medicine as a part and parcel of global healthcare delivery. OBJECTIVES: To create potent resources for the development of Varmam science of Siddha System of Medicine. Developing professional therapeutic expertise in Varmam techniques for academic and research aspects. Developing the academic knowledge of Varmam for clinical practice. Scientific study of Varmam points and their therapeutic applications in treating various ailments. To provide World class hands on training and practice in Varmam for treating various ailments. To open doors for research of successful clinical practice of Varmam in line of global scientific research. To equip a graduate with the scope for independent practice of Varmam for treating various ailments. To establish the Varmam therapy in treating the challenging diseases and getting global acceptance. To Explore and establish the same technique for future scientific interpretation and application. To study the interrelation of Varmam science with the neurological, orthopaedic modern medical sciences extensively. Broaden the scope of Siddha Varmam science in emergency health care management. To establish and develop the pharmacopeia and various siddha medications of varmam therapy. Implementation of role and importance of Varmamtherapy in National Health Programs. CCIM MD Siddha –Varma maruthuvam Syllabus Page 1 of 23 FIRST YEAR (Preliminary Examination) S.NO SUBJECT THEORY PRACTICAL/CLINICAL VIVA TOTAL MARKS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • World Varma Adimurai Federation (WVAF)
    World Varma Adimurai Federation (WVAF) Competition Rules and Regulations-2012 Competition Rules and Division Rules. World Varma Adimurai Federation (WVAF) Office: No.26, W.C.C.Road, Tower Junction, Nagercoil-629 001, Tamilnadu, India. Mobile+91-95660 13466, +91-94860 05530, Email: [email protected], Web: www.varmaadimurai.org WORLD VARMA ADIMURAI FEDERATION Page 1 Competition Rules and Regulations-2012 History of VARMA ADIMURAI The Mother of Martial Arts. VARMA ADIMURAI is one of the finest martial arts ever known to mankind. The knowledge of the art is known to a very more families in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu and South Trivancore of Kerala. (Southern Travancore region which consists of Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu)and Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) districts of Kerala) and North Sri anka. The art was taught only to the blood relations and not for outsiders. Travancore Kingdom (Established - 16th Century --- Disestablished - 1947) The origin of the art dates back to the origin of the civilization. The art was found by one of the great Siddhars called Agasthiar, who lived in the hills of southern India. WORLD VARMA ADIMURAI FEDERATION Page 2 Competition Rules and Regulations-2012 VARMA ADIMURAI is popularly called as Varmakkalai, AdiMurai, KuthuVarisai, Kusthi, Beemanmurai and Nadan. The original literatures were written in palm leaves. Most of them were sold to foreigners for monitory gain and rest is lost due to flood, rain and other natural calamities. What we have today is only a part of the literature. The martial arts form of VARMA ADIMURAI is more of bare hand attacks and defense.
    [Show full text]
  • Martial Arts from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See Martial Arts (Disambiguation)
    Martial arts From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Martial arts (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat, practiced for a variety of reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, as well as mental and spiritual development. The term martial art has become heavily associated with the fighting arts of eastern Asia, but was originally used in regard to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. An English fencing manual of 1639 used the term in reference specifically to the "Science and Art" of swordplay. The term is ultimately derived from Latin, martial arts being the "Arts of Mars," the Roman god of war.[1] Some martial arts are considered 'traditional' and tied to an ethnic, cultural or religious background, while others are modern systems developed either by a founder or an association. Contents [hide] • 1 Variation and scope ○ 1.1 By technical focus ○ 1.2 By application or intent • 2 History ○ 2.1 Historical martial arts ○ 2.2 Folk styles ○ 2.3 Modern history • 3 Testing and competition ○ 3.1 Light- and medium-contact ○ 3.2 Full-contact ○ 3.3 Martial Sport • 4 Health and fitness benefits • 5 Self-defense, military and law enforcement applications • 6 Martial arts industry • 7 See also ○ 7.1 Equipment • 8 References • 9 External links [edit] Variation and scope Martial arts may be categorized along a variety of criteria, including: • Traditional or historical arts and contemporary styles of folk wrestling vs.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study on Selected Anthropometrical Variables Among
    International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education 2018; 3(1): 1863-1866 ISSN: 2456-0057 IJPNPE 2018; 3(1): 1863-1866 © 2018 IJPNPE A comparative study on selected anthropometrical www.journalofsports.com Received: 27-11-2017 variables among kabaddi and gatka players Accepted: 28-12-2017 Gurupreet Singh Gurupreet Singh and Dr. Kanwaljeet Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Abstract Sports Technology, SGGSW University, Fatehgarh, Sahib, The purpose of the study was to know about the comparison of anthropometric variables among Kabaddi Punjab, India and Gatka Players. The study was conducted among 220 male players (110 kabaddi and 110 gatka) those who had represented interuniversity from North India. The subjects were thoroughly aware with the Dr. Kanwaljeet Singh testing procedure as well as the purpose and significance of the study. Subjects were made aware about Former Professor and Dean the conduct of the study and related information was given by the researcher. The variables selected for Academic Affairs and Head of the study are anthropometric respectively. They are Height, Weight, Humerus bicondylar diameter, Department of Physical Femur bicondylar diameter. Further the data were analyzed to find out the significant differences among Education and Sport the groups. ‘t’-test statistical technique was used to analyze the significant differences and the level of Technology, SGGSW University significance was set at 0.05 level for testing the hypothesis. Further the data were analyzed to find out the Fatehgarh, Sahib, Punjab, India significant differences among the groups. The results revealed that there was insignificant difference among the kabaddi and gatka player in Height, Weight, Humerus bicondylar and Femur bicondylar.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Traditions of Wellness
    BACKGROUND PAPER Asian Traditions of Wellness Gerard Bodeker DISCLAIMER This background paper was prepared for the report Asian Development Outlook 2020 Update: Wellness in Worrying Times. It is made available here to communicate the results of the underlying research work with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. The ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or use of the term “country” in this document, is not intended to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this document do not imply any judgment on the part of the ADB concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. ASIAN TRADITIONS OF WELLNESS Gerard Bodeker, PhD Contents I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ANSWERED ON:06.04.2017 Promotion of Rural Sports Hazra Dr
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA YOUTH AFFAIRS AND SPORTS LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:5513 ANSWERED ON:06.04.2017 Promotion of Rural Sports Hazra Dr. Anupam Will the Minister of YOUTH AFFAIRS AND SPORTS be pleased to state: (a) whether the Government proposes to revive and promote rural sports and games such as Kabaddi, Kho-kho, Ha-du-du, Danguli etc.; (b) if so, the details thereof; and (c) the financial assistance/incentives proposed to be allocated/released for the purpose during the current financial year? Answer THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR YOUTH AFFAIRS & SPORTS (SHRI VIJAY GOEL) (a) & (b) Several indigenous sports such as Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Khushti, Ball Badminton, Mallakhamb & Atya Patya are already supported under the Scheme of Assistance to National Sports Federations. In addition, under the "Indigenous Games and Marital Arts" (IGMA) components of the National Sports Talent Contest (NSTC) Scheme of the Sports Authority of India (SAI), for revival of traditional games popular in the country, SAI has adopted 10 schools having a total strength of 159 trainees (78 Boys & 81 Girls) and the trainees under the scheme are provided with Stipend at the rate of Rs.3000/- per head per month for 10 months, Sports Kit at the rate of Rs.1500/-, Insurance at the rate of Rs.150/- per head per annum. Annual Grant to the school at the rate of Rs.20,000/- for purchase of sports equipment and at the rate of Rs.25,000/- per school per annum for Organizing Competition for Scouting Talent is given. The Sports disciplines covered under the IGMA are Archery, Gatka, Kabaddi, Kalariapayatu, Mukna, Thang- Ta, Silambam, Khomlainai and Mallakhamb.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study on Selected Psychological Variables Among
    International Journal of Yogic, Human Movement and Sports Sciences 2018; 3(1): 1087-1089 ISSN: 2456-4419 Impact Factor: (RJIF): 5.18 Yoga 2018; 3(1): 1087-1089 A comparative study on selected psychological © 2018 Yoga www.theyogicjournal.com variables among kabaddi and Gatka players Received: 11-11-2017 Accepted: 12-12-2017 Gurupreet Singh and Dr. Kanwaljeet Singh Gurupreet Singh Asst. Prof, Dept. of Physical Education and Sports Abstract Technology, SGGSW University The purpose of the study was to know about the comparison of psychological variables among Kabaddi Fatehgarh Punjab, India. and Gatka Players. The study was conducted among 220 male players (110 kabaddi and 110 gatka) those who was represented interuniversity from north India. The subjects were thoroughly aware with the Dr. Kanwaljeet Singh testing procedure as well as the purpose and significance of the study. Subjects were made aware about Former Professor and Dean the conduct of the study and related information was given by the researcher. The variables selected for Academic Affairs and Head of the study are psychological respectively. They are Self confidence, Aggression and Anxiety. Further the Dept. of Physical Education and Sport Technology, SGGSW data were analyzed to find out the significant differences among the groups. ‘t’-test statistical technique University Fatehgarh Sahib was used to analyze the significant differences and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level for Punjab, India testing the hypothesis. Further the data were analyzed to find out the significant differences among the groups. The results revealed that there was insignificant difference among the kabaddi and gatka player in Self- confidence and Aggression.
    [Show full text]