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California State University, Northridge Miocene

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California State University, Northridge Miocene CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE MIOCENE GEOLOGY OF THE EAST-CENTRAL PORTION OF THE SAN RAFAEL WILDERNESS, SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology by John George Yaldezian II May, 1984 The Thesis of John George Yaldezian II is approved: (Dr. John G. Vedder> (Dr.' Richard L. Squit)es> California State University, Northridge ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• vi ABSTRACT. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • X INTRODUCTION. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 PURPOSE AND LOCATION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 ACCESSIBILTY. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 GEOGRAPHIC SETTING AND CLIMATE ••••••••••••••••••• 4 PREVIOUS WORK. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 6 FIELD AND LABORATORY WORK •••••••••••••••••••••••• 7 REGIONAL GEOLOGY ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 STRATIGRAPHY • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 INTRODUCTION •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 METHODS • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• e •••••• 12 UNDIFFERENTIATED CRETACEOUS ROCKS •••••••••••••••• 16 Nomenclature, Distribution, and Thickness. 16 Lithology ••••••••••.••••.• . 17 Contacts and Recognition. 20 Fossils and Age •••• . 20 Origin ••••••• 21 SIMMLER FORMATION •• 22 Nomenclature •• 22 Distribution and Thickness •• . 25 Lithology ••••••••••••••••• 25 Contacts and Recognition. 32 Fossils and Age. 33 Origin •••••••• . 34 VAQUEROS FORMATION ••• . 37 Nomenclature •• 37 Distribution and Thickness •• 38 Lithology ••••••••••••••••••••• 38 iii Page Contacts and Recognition. 44 Fossils and Age •• . 45 Origin ......... 45 RINCON SHALE •••••• 48 Nomenclature •• 48 Distribution and Thickness •• so Lithology •••••••••••••••• . so Contacts and Recognition •••• 58 Fossils and Age •• . 59 Origin •••••••••• 60 UNDIFFERENTIATED MEMBER OF THE BRANCH CANYON SANDSTONE •• . .. 66 Nomenclature •••••••• . .... 66 Distribution and Thickness •• 68 Lithology ..............•. 69 Contacts and Recognition ••• . .. 82 Fossils and Age •• 83 Origin ••••••••••• . 84 UNNAMED MIOCENE UNIT. 89 Nomenclature •••• . 89 Distribution and Thickness •• 91 Lithology ••...•..•....... 91 Contacts and Recognition •• 98 Fossils and Age •• •• 100 Origin ••••••••••• • .100 UNDIFFERENTIATED MONTEREY SHALE •• .lOS Nomenclature •••••••••••••••• ..105 Distribution and Thickness. .106 Lithology •••••••••••••••• .107 Contacts and Recognition ••• . .. • •• 110 Fossils and Age •• • •• 111 Origin ......... • .112 QUATERNARY DEPOSITS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ll4 ~~~lJC:~tJ~~- ••••••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••• ~ •••••••••••••••• 117 INTRODUCTION • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 117 FOLDS • •••••••••••••••••••••••• e ell? Hurricane Deck Syncline •• . .117 Other Folds ............. • .120 iv FAULTS •••••••••••••••• .121 Nacimiento Fault ••• . • .121 Other Faults •••••• . • .123 POST-MONTEREY SHALE STRUCTURAL HISTORY. .124 GEOMORPHOLOGY • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 127 SUMMARY OF GEOLOGIC HISTORY ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 129 REFERENCES CITED •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•• 132 APPENDIX 1 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 138 APPENDIX 2 ••••.•.•••••••••••.•••.••••••• ••..•.••••... • 144 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Location of the study area in the San Rafael Wilderness .••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 2 2. Oil and gas-producing basins of southern California which surround the study area...... 3 3. Aerial infrared photograph showing the general geographic nature of the study area....................................... 5 4. Regional fault map ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 5. Stratigraphic diagram showing south to north facies relationships and age correlation of the rock units •••••••••••••••••••• 13 6. Stratigraphic diagram showing west to east facies relationships and age correlations of the rock units •••••••••••••••••.• 14 7. Thin-section sample location map ••••••••••••••••• 15 8. Resistant outcrop of the Simmler Formation........................................ 27 9. Sandstone lens in conglomerate of Simmler Formation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 10. Ternary diagram showing sandstone composition in the Simmler Formation ••••••••••••• 30 11. Outcrop of the Vaqueros Formation •••••••••••••••• 40 12. Cross bedding in the Vaqueros Formation ..•....•................................ 40 13. Ternary diagram showing sandstone composition in the Vaqueros Formation •••••••••••• 42 14. Brush covered slopes of the poorly resistant Rincon Shale ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 52 15. Fresh exposure of Rincon Shale showing horizontal bedding and sandstone dike •••••••••••• 52 vi Figure 16. Ternary diagram showing sandstone, mudstone, and carbonate composition in the Rincon Shale •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 55 17. Zero isopach of the Rincon Shale ••••••••••••••••• 65 18. Multistory submarine-fan channel deposits of the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••• 70 19. Horizontal bedding and differential cavernous weathering in the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••.•••••••••••••••••••••• 70 20. Brush covered finer-grained deposit of the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone ••••••.••••••••••••••• 71 21. Pebble filled channel in the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 73 22. Load features in the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••• 73 23. Large mudstone rip-up clasts in sandstone bed of the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••• 74 24. Flame structure in the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••• 74 25. Convolute bedding in the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •.••••••.••• 76 26. Possible slump fold in the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 76 27. Unconformity between Cretaceous turbidites and the overlying undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 78 28. Ternary diagram showing sandstone, mudstone, and carbonate composition in the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••••••••••••• 79 vii Figure 29. Zero isopach of the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••• 88 30. Ternary diagram showing sandstone and limestone composition in the unnamed Miocene unit ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 93 31. Photomicrograph showing foraminifera in the unnamed Miocene unit ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 96 32. Same photomicrograph as in Fig. 31 with crossed-nicols ....•.....•.•....•.•...•.•.... 96 33. Photomicrograph showing diatoms and foraminifera in the unnamed Miocene unit •••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 97 34. Photomicrograph showing pelecypod fragment filled drusy mosaic calcite cement in the unnamed Miocene unit •••••••••••••.• 97 35. Conformable contact between unnamed Miocene unit and undifferentiated Monterey Shale ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 99 36. Index map showing locations of folds and faults in the study area ••••••••••••••• ll8 37. Trough of the Hurricane Deck syncline •••••••••••• ll9 Table 1. Percent composition and texture of four sandstone samples from the Simmler Formation •••••••••••••••••.••••••••••.•.• 31 2. Percent composition and texture of six sandstone samples from the Vaqueros Formation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 43 3. Percent composition and texture of ten rock samples from the Rincon Shale ••••••••••• 56 4. Percent composition and texture of thirteen rock samples from the undifferentiated member of the Branch Canyon Sandstone •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 80 viii Table 5. Percent composition and texture of eight rock samples from the unnamed Miocene unit ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 94 6. Percent composition and texture of two rock samples from the undifferentiated Monterey Shale ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• l09 Plate 1. Geologic map and cross-sections of the Miocene geology of the east-central San Rafael Wilderness, San Barbara County, California •••••••••••••••••••••••••• In Pocket 2. Geologic map of the Miocene geology of the San Rafael Wilderness, San Barbara County, California •••••••••••••• rn Pocket ix ABSTRACT MIOCENE GEOLOGY OF THE EAST-CENTRAL PORTION OF THE SAN RAFAEL WILDERNESS, SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA by John George Yaldezian II Master of Science in Geology In the remote east-central San Rafael Wilderness, Santa Barbara County, California a sequence of Oligocene to Miocene strata was mapped in detail in order to deter­ mine stratigraphic and structural relationships between individual rock units. The oldest rocks in the area are of Late Cretaceous age and are interpreted to have been deposited in a sub­ marine-fan environment. These rocks were uplifted, slight­ ly folded, and eroded prior to deposition of unconformably overlying middle Tertiary rocks. During late Oligocene to early Miocene time, continued erosion was accompanied by X the formation of alluvial fans, as represented by the light-olive-gray cobble conglomerate and lithic arkosic sandstone of the Simmler Formation. Near the beginning of the Miocene, the area subsided. This allowed the sea to transgress and deposit the shallow-water marine arkosic sandstone of the Vaqueros Formation (Zemorrian to early
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