Index

A Angell, Norman 458 ABC of Communism (Bukharin) 453 Anthropological humanism (Feuer- Abraamov, A.I. 107 bach) 17, 164 Absentee ownership 537 Anti-Communists 250 Absolute rent 421, 422 Anti-Critique (Korsch) 36, 367 Absolutism 432, 449, 451 Anti-Dühring (Lenin) 128, 162, Accumulation of Capital (Luxemburg) 191–193, 195 458, 479 Anti-humanism (Althusser) 299 Adventures of a Philosophical School Anti-Marxist thought 281, 289, 294, (Bogdanov) 101 295, 298, 300, 306, 308, 309 Agrarian 421 Anti-Stalinists 513 Agrarian Programme of Social-Democ- Anweiler, Oskar 508, 510, 511 racy in the First Russian Revolu- April Teses (Lenin) 258, 320, 333, tion, 1905–1907 (Lenin) 419 336, 484 Agricultural production 520, 521 Arrighi, Giovanni 472, 473, 475, 476 Aksel’rod, L.I. 10, 12, 94, 107, 112 Austria-Hungary 463, 477 Aleksinsky, Grigory 102 Authoritarianism 369, 377, 391 Alienation 3, 27, 540 Avenarius, Richard 93–96, 98, 100, Allison, Henry 292 101, 129–133 Alternative Culture (Lidtke) 438 Althusser, Louis 14, 35, 38, 105, 114, 360, 374, 461, 463 B American path 420–422 Bakunin, Mikhail 174, 185, 186, 191, Anarchism 166, 169, 174, 177, 183, 196, 363 185–187, 191, 193, 196 Bank of Tbilisi (raid) 96 Anderson, Kevin 65, 66, 76, 79, 82, 83 Banks 458, 466, 468, 472, 473

© Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2018 549 T. Rockmore and N. Levine (eds.), Te Palgrave Handbook of Leninist Political Philosophy, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51650-3 550 Index

Bazarov, Vladimir 93, 97, 99, 103, 106, 390–397, 431, 432, 436, 439, 108, 115, 303 440, 445, 483–485, 495, 501, Bebel, August 437 503, 506 Berdyaev, Nikolai 391 Bonaparte, Louis 320, 334 Berkeley, George 101, 103, 104, 130, Bonapartism 94 131, 134, 144, 145, 283, 303 Borkenau, Franz 513, 514 Berman, Marshall 303 Bourgeois democracy 8, 45, 433 Blanqui, Louis Auguste 185, 186, 191, Bourgeoisie 167, 171, 174, 185, 192, 196, 203, 363, 364 234, 236, 239–241, 354, 362, Blanquism 94, 391 366, 368, 489, 502 Bogdanov, Alexander 9, 11–15, 25, Bourgeois revolution 386, 387 63, 64, 67, 78, 83–86, 92–102, Bourgeois state 168, 171 106–109, 111–116, 123, Brandist, Craig 92, 111 132–136, 138, 140–143, 146, British Museum Library 100 152, 153, 303 Bukharin, Nikolai 11, 25, 26, 31, 37, Bogdanovism 11 51, 109, 110, 115, 261–264, Bolivia 8, 40, 374, 378 268, 270–275, 277, 278, 317, Bolshevik-Leninist 250 319, 340, 346–349, 368, 453, Bolshevik Party 233, 258, 259, 265, 454, 473, 474, 477 275, 314, 327, 478. See also Bulygin Duma 426 Russian Social Democratic Labor Buntarstvo [unorganized riots] 449 Party Bureaucracy 201, 220, 248–250, 253, Bolshevik Revolution 2, 4, 6, 7, 13, 15, 516, 518, 522 19, 21, 42, 49, 51, 52, 57, 202, Bureaucratism 204 205, 231, 299, 364, 369, 377, Burzhui 322 541. See also Bykova, Marina 9, 14, 15 (1917) Byzantine Empire 393 Bolsheviks 123, 134, 135, 149, 150, 152, 153, 203, 207, 208, 210, 211, 213, 215–219, 234, 237, C 243–245, 247, 250, 252, 257– Callinicos, Alex 89, 109 260, 265, 266, 272, 275, 295, Capital (Marx) 9, 44, 48, 55, 64, 69, 298–300, 314, 325, 327–331, 86, 459, 473, 528 335, 336, 343, 356, 358, 360, Capital in the Twenty-First Century 363, 365, 369, 387, 390–392, (Piketty) 544, 547 398, 432, 440, 442, 443, 447, Capitalism 3–6, 8, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 448, 452–455, 483–485, 493, 30–32, 42–46, 48, 49, 54–59, 495, 503, 505–517, 520, 527, 201, 207, 208, 222, 227, 234, 528, 531–533, 543 238, 246, 295, 296, 308, 316– Bolshevism 2, 12, 22, 25, 33, 34, 319, 322, 323, 328, 329, 334, 36, 37, 43, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 344, 345, 347, 348, 355, 362, 59, 121, 132, 134, 135, 153, 382, 383, 389–391, 393, 394, 356, 361, 363, 371, 383, 385, 397, 402, 404, 406–410, 412, Index 551

414, 415, 417–420, 457–459, Class divisions 393 462, 463, 465–471, 473–477, Class solidarity 410 479, 521–523, 525, 527, 532, Class struggle 236, 238–240 533, 536, 537, 539–546 Clausewitz, Carl von 124 Carr, E.H. 516–518, 520, 526–528 Cognition 143, 146, 284, 287, 288, Cartels 458, 468, 469 290 Castro, Fidel 372–374 Cognitive disciplines 285, 288, 302 Catherine the Great 391 Cohen, Stephen F. 495, 501, 505 Central Committee (Communist Collective ownership 537, 540 Party) 232, 249, 251, 258, 259, Collectivisation of agriculture 498–500 261, 262, 265, 267, 268, 270, Collectivism 239, 394, 396 272–274, 276–279, 295, 354, Collectivization 535 361, 362, 369, 370, 373 Command Economy 52, 501, 503, Central Control Commission 370, 504, 506 392, 497, 499 Commisarocracy 330 Centralization 183, 184, 362 Communal Constitution 173 Chávez, Hugo 377–379 Communes 234, 235, 401–404, 406, Chayanov, A.V. 495 407, 411, 412 217, 226, 490 Communism 4, 8, 16–19, 31, 33, 34, Cherevanin, F.A. 237 36, 44, 46, 50, 54, 55, 57–59, Chernov, Osip 486 162, 163, 165–171, 173, 176, Chernov, Viktor 132, 303 177, 179–187, 190–192, 194, Chernyi peredel (Black Repartition) 196, 285, 308, 382, 383, 398, 402, 405 532–535, 538, 541–543, 545, Chernyshevsky, Nikolay 10 546 Chervonets (currency) 519 Communist International (Comintern, China 2, 4, 8, 9, 22, 41, 56–58, 235, or Tird International) 246, 249, 476, 478 453 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 534 Communist League 354 Chinese Marxism 14 Communist Manifesto (Marx and Civil society 161, 165, 166, 169–172, Engels) 316, 341, 354, 355, 411, 174, 184–186, 188–191, 193 441 Civil War () 512–515, 527, 533 Communist Party (CPSU) 245, Civil War in France (Marx) 18, 165, 248–251, 253, 294, 333, 339, 170–174, 176, 177, 187–189, 344, 355, 369, 371–376, 384, 197, 198, 320 517, 521 Civil War (US) 397, 398 Communist Party of Cuba (PCC, Class 313, 315, 319–321, 323, 324, formerly PSP) 372–375 326, 328–332, 334, 337–342, Congress of Soviet Writers 503 344, 345, 347, 350 Congress of the CPSU Class alliance 411, 413, 417, 418, 422, First (1898) 442, 453 424, 425 Second (1903) 232, 356, 363, 420, Class consciousness 92 424 552 Index

Tird (1905) 94, 112 Democratic revolution 401, 409, 410, Fourth (1906) 419 412, 413, 415–419, 422 Tenth (1921–22) 336, 343, 513, Democratism 204 521 Deng Xiaoping 531, 534–539, Conspectus (Lenin) 165, 170 541–546 Constitutional Assembly 363 Destruction of Reason (Lukács) 306 Constitution (1918) 331 Determinism 90 Constitution of the Republic of Cuba Deutscher, Isaac 261, 276 375 Development of Capitalism in Russia Contribution to the Critique of Political (Lenin) 420 Economy (Lenin) 507, 524, 526 D’Holbach, Paul-Henri Dietrich, Cooperatives 519, 523, 534 Baron 89 Copernican revolution 284, 304 Dialectic 9–11, 14, 15 Copleston, Frederick C. 126, 152, 153 Dialectical materialism (Diamat) 66, Correa, Rafael 377–379 85, 105, 122, 127, 128, 135– Council for Mutual Economic Assis- 138, 140, 144, 290, 296 tance (COMECON) 374 Dialecticians 10, 64, 65 Council of People’s Commissars Dictatorship 3, 8, 19–23, 25, 32–36, (Sovnarkom) 332, 333 41–43, 50, 52, 54, 295, 308, Credo (Kuskova) 445, 448 362–364, 366, 369, 370 Crisis in German Social Democracy Dictatorship of the proletariat 233, (Lenin) 221, 226 236, 238, 239, 241, 245, 381– Critical Comments on a Reactionary 383, 385–389, 391, 393–395, Philosophy (Lenin) 128, 150 398 Critique of the Gotha Program (Marx) Die Neue Zeit 92, 96, 112, 203, 204 17, 31, 167, 173–175, 178, 180, Dieterich, Heinz 377, 378 355 Dietzgen, Joseph 296 Cuba 8, 22, 38, 39, 235, 371–376 Diferential rent 421 Cuban missile crisis 373 ‘Te Discussion on Self-Determination Cuban Revolution 374 Summed Up’ (Lenin) 478 Cultural Revolution (China) 392, 536 Distributive justice 16, 59 Czechoslovakia 373, 514 Divisionists 423–425 Division of labor 167, 172, 180–182, 193 D Division of land 401, 408, 422–424 Darkness at Noon (Koestler) 11 Dobb, Maurice 500 Deborin, Abram 10, 64, 67, 68, 86, Donetz Basin mines 519 298, 300 Double-aspect theory (Kant) 292 Decree on Land 484 Dualism 93 Dekulakisation 501, 504 Duma 95, 102, 439 Democracy 384, 385, 391, 395, 398, Dunayevskaya, Raya 20, 65, 211, 460 509 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 397 Democratic Centralists 333 Dzhaparidze, Prokofy 107 Democratic councils 243, 245 Index 553

E (1917) 389, 390, Eastern bloc countries 8 396 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts. Feudalism 390, 393 See Paris Manuscripts (Marx) Feuerbach, Ludwig 4, 10, 17, 26, 281, Economic determinism 10 289, 290, 292, 293, 302 Economic production 539, 540, 544 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 89, 101, 286, Economic reform 531, 534, 536, 538, 288, 289, 291, 292 539, 541–545 Finance 457, 458, 463, 464, 467, 468, Te Economist 457, 472 472, 473 Egalitarianism 17, 24, 168, 172, 183 Finance Capital (Hilferding) 458, 467 Elites 394–396 Finland 335, 336 Emancipation Edict of 1861 408 Fitzpatrick, Sheila 486, 502–504 Empiriocriticism 11, 13–15, 24, 123, Five-Year Plans 501, 504 131–133, 135, 136, 138, 140, Food tax 533 302 Ford Motors 519 Empiriomonism 92, 123, 128, 133, French Revolution 166, 188, 232, 282, 152 314, 397, 510, 517 Engels, Friedrich 2–4, 8, 14–18, 21, 22, 24, 26–30, 33, 34, 42, 47, 90, 101, 105, 126–128, 135, G 140, 142, 143, 145, 151, 153, German Communist Party 215 161, 162, 164, 165, 176–178, German imperialism 245 185–187, 191, 192, 194–198, German philosophy 283–285, 287, 212, 216, 223, 225, 226, 259, 288, 290–293, 302, 304, 305 260, 281, 283, 287–293, 296, Germany 1, 431, 433, 435, 437, 438, 299–309, 353–356, 386, 387, 443, 445, 447, 449–451 412, 425, 433, 434, 443, 452, Getzler, Israel 511, 517, 518 463, 464, 535 Glavki (administrative departments) Engelsian 176–178, 187, 515, 518 191, 195, 196 Glazunov, Ilya 391 England 389, 397, 398 Gorbachev, Mikhail 4, 43, 396 Epistemology 129, 130, 132, 140, Gorky, Maxim 97–100, 102, 106, 143–146, 286, 307 111–115, 123, 125 Equality 166–168, 175, 176, 178–184, Gorter, Cornelius Jacobus 362, 186 365–367 Erfurt Program (Kautsky) 440–442, Gosbank (State Bank) 520 444 488, 492, 497 Grain crisis 498 Gramsci, Antonio 360, 374, 379 F Great Depression 475 Factionalism 369, 372 Great Illusion (Angell) 458 Factories 534, 535 Great Leap Forward 235 Farms 420, 424 Great Powers 458, 463, 476, 478 Great Terror (1930s) 261 554 Index

Grimm, Robert 513 Humanism 222, 227, 299, 395, 398 Grundrisse (Marx) 2, 301 Humanitarianism 396 Guevara, Ernesto (Che) 373, 374 Hume, David 13, 101, 103, 104, 121, 261, 268 129–131, 134, 144 Hunter, Robert 437, 439 Husserl, Edmund 292 H Haeckel, Ernst 130, 138 Harnecke, Martha 377 I Hegel, G.W.F. 1, 3, 4, 7, 9–11, 13, 14, Idealism 122, 127, 128, 130–132, 17, 26–30, 41, 55, 64–66, 72– 134–136, 140, 141, 143, 144, 82, 84, 86, 89, 105, 108, 124, 146, 281, 284, 286, 287, 289, 125, 127, 137, 153, 162–164, 290, 302, 303, 307 169, 182, 196, 197, 214, 221, Ilyenkov, Evald V. 137, 143, 150, 225, 226, 237, 242, 281, 282, 152–154 284, 286–291, 294–296, 298, Imperialism 457–460, 463–470, 300–302, 305–309, 460–462, 472–479 525 Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capi- Hegel’s Philosophy as the Doctrine of talism (Lenin) 457 the Concreteness of God and Man “Imperialism and the Split in Social- (Ilyin) 124 ism” (Lenin) 467 Hegemony 442, 451, 452, 461, 473 Indochina 235 Heidegger, Martin 283 Industrial enterprises (predpriyatia) Heinzen, Karl 524 518, 519 Helmholtz, Hermann von 104 Industrialisation 238, 494, 496, Helphand, Alexander 239 498–500, 506, 520 Helvétius, Claude Adrien 89, 91 Institute of Red Professors 122 Hilferding, Rudolph 48, 297, 458, Institutional Marxism 282 463, 465, 467, 468, 472, 474, Institutional relativism 338 475 Intelligentsia 331, 340–342, 345, 346, Historical materialism (Histomat) 12, 383–385, 388, 394–397, 405, 13, 46, 90, 103, 290, 296, 301, 416, 426 387, 388, 405, 413, 419, 422, International Workingmen’s Associa- 426, 507, 514 tion (IWA) 173, 189, 354 Historical transformation 532, 533, Iskra 92, 94, 232, 252, 439, 442, 444, 540, 541, 543, 545, 546 446, 448, 449 History and Class Consciousness (Lukács) Italian Marxism 237 19, 27–30, 237, 282, 284, 287, 300 History of the Russian Revolution ( Tro t- J sky) 251 Japan 94, 398 Hobbes, Tomas 317 Joravsky, David 294, 295 Hobson, John 467, 472, 474, 476, 477 Index 555

K Landless labourers (batraki) 495 Kaiserreich 461 Landlords 402, 413–417, 423, 532 Kamenev, Lev 242, 247–251, 253, Landowners 418, 488, 502 254, 258, 259, 261, 269–275, Land reform 540 490, 494 Laos 8 Kant, Immanuel 9, 11, 13, 28, 29, Lask, Emil 291 89, 91, 104, 108, 125, 129, Lassalle, Ferdinand 124, 161, 174, 175, 131, 132, 144, 284, 286–288, 205, 223, 355, 434–438, 464 290–293, 301–305, 308 Lassalleanism 179 Kantianism 9, 11, 64, 77, 78, 81 Latin American Left 377 Kantian tradition 100, 104, 108 ‘Left-Wing’ Childishness and the Petty- Kautsky, Karl 63, 77, 83, 204, 205, bourgeois Mentality (Lenin) 484, 214, 217, 225, 258, 259, 359, 499 362–364, 432, 437, 440–444, Leninism 2, 5, 7–9, 14, 17, 21, 24, 451, 452, 459–461, 463–467, 25, 28, 30, 38, 40, 56, 282, 285, 469, 470, 472, 474, 476 294, 300, 308, 309 Kelles-Krauz, Kazimierz 212, 224 Lenin and Philosophy (Althusser) 105 Kerensky, Alexander 325 Lenin, Vladimir 1–27, 29–37, 40–59, Khlevniuk, Oleg 247 63–86, 89–110, 121–129, Khozraschet 518 132–155, 164, 196, 201–209, Khvost 298 211–227, 231, 276–278 Kievan Rus 391, 393 Levi, Paul 215 Koestler, Arthur 11 Library of the British Museum 123 Kolakowski, Leszek 285, 303 Lidtke, Vernon 438 Kollontai, Alexandra 333, 334, 336, Liquidationism 447 343, 368 Liu Shaoqi 535, 536, 538 Korsch, Karl 355, 359–361, 367 Logic (Hegel) 64, 75, 79, 81, 86, 242 Kouvelakis, Atathis 460, 462 Logical Positivism 146 Krasin, L.B. 492 London Stock Exchange 472 Krausz, Tamás 459, 460, 462, 463 Lorenz, Richard 516 Kronstadt rebellion 248, 334–336, Lukács, György 16, 17, 19, 26–30, 35, 339, 343, 369, 486, 516–518 38, 40, 48, 237, 281–289, 291, Krupskaya, N.K. 137, 231, 241, 293–302, 304–309, 358, 360, 250–254 374 Kulaks 486, 487, 491, 495, 496, 500, Lunacharsky, Anatoly 12, 93, 97–101, 502, 514, 515 106, 113, 123, 132, 134, 252 Kursky, D.I. 490 Luppol, Ivan 64 Kuskova, Yekaterina 445, 448 Luxemburg, Rosa 9, 16, 19–21, 35, 36, 40, 48, 49, 92, 111, 201–227, 239, 246, 295–297, 299, 308, L 360–362, 364–366, 458, 460, Labor certifcates 174, 175, 178 461, 464, 466, 470, 476, 477, Labriola, Antonio 237 479, 514 556 Index

M Marxism 2–4, 7–19, 21–24, 26, 27, Mach, Ernst 93–96, 98, 100, 101, 112, 29–31, 33, 36, 38, 40, 44, 46, 129–133, 136, 141, 143, 146, 48, 53, 56, 59, 90, 91, 93–95, 152, 303 97, 99, 101, 104, 105, 110, Machiavelli 486, 491 113, 122, 125–129, 132–139, Machism 12, 15, 129, 132–136, 138, 142–145, 149–154, 234, 235, 140, 144, 148, 154 237, 238, 240–243, 281–292, Machists 93, 95, 98, 101, 103, 104, 294–302, 304, 306–309, 315, 106–108 326, 327, 329, 349, 353, 355, Machomakia 95 359–361, 364, 369, 371, Maimon, Salomon 291 374–376, 379 Maksimovich, Aleksej 100 Marxism and Revisionism (Lenin) 99 Malle, Silvana 485 Marxism–Leninism 7, 8, 56, 63, 177, Malthus 474 178, 301 Manuscripts of 1844. See Paris Manu- Marxist humanism 3 scripts (Marx) Materialism 237, 238, 241, 242, 281, Mao Zedong 5, 20, 26, 57, 299, 535, 284, 286, 289, 290, 296, 297, 536 301–304, 307 March Action of the German Commu- Materialism and Empirio-Criticism nist Party 328 (Lenin) 11, 63–68, 76, 78, Marcuse, Herbert 367 81, 86, 101–107, 109, 114, Martov, Julian 445, 446, 448 123, 125, 127, 128, 132, 133, Martov, Julius 257, 511, 512 135–137, 139, 143, 144, 146, Marx, Karl 1–5, 7–10, 13, 16–18, 148–150, 153, 154, 300, 303 20–24, 26–37, 42–44, 47–49, Means of production 408, 532 55–59, 90, 92, 94, 95, 99, 121, Mechanistic behavioralism 183, 184, 125–127, 135, 143, 151, 153, 196 161–191, 194, 196–198, 205, Mechanists 10 212, 213, 216, 218, 222–226, Medvedev, Roy 514 233, 235, 237, 281, 282, Mehring, Franz 161 284–291, 293–302, 304–309, Mensheviks 10, 12, 22, 44, 53, 91, 93, 314–316, 318–320, 322, 324, 94, 96, 97, 101, 102, 132, 134, 325, 327, 334, 338, 340–342, 135, 154, 203, 204, 207, 208, 345–349, 353–355, 360, 363, 210, 213, 232, 234, 236, 237, 364, 372, 385–388, 392, 393, 243, 257, 258, 260, 272, 298, 396, 398, 401–405, 407, 412, 300, 315, 323, 327, 331, 356, 420, 421, 432–434, 441, 452, 360, 510–512, 517 454, 459, 462–464, 473, 474, Messianism 394, 396 507, 508, 512, 516, 524–526, Michelet, Jules 302 528, 532–535, 542, 544–546 Mikhajlovsky, N.K. 90 Marxian humanism 2, 3 Mir 393, 402 Marxian Leninism 178, 187, 191 Mitin, Mark 14, 122, 150 Marxian materialism 290 Index 557

Modernisation 485, 489, 492, 504, Notebooks on Imperialism (Lenin) 457, 506 460, 467 Moleschott, Jacob 130, 139 Novaya Zhizn (journal) 209 Monopoly capitalism 315, 317, 318, Nove, Alec 485, 500, 515, 517, 518, 322 520 Monopoly/Monopolies 316, 317, 322, 323, 330, 334, 339, 344, 348, 517, 521 O Morales, Evo 377, 379 Objectivism 90 Automobile Factory 519 (1917) 16, 23, 56, Muranov, Matwey 258 124, 231, 327, 389, 390, 397, 484, 490, 504, 509, 514, 517 On Cooperation (Lenin) 492, 523 N One Step Forward, Two Steps Back Naïve realism 145, 154 (Lenin) 91, 100, 110, 203, 205, Narkomfn (People’s Commissariat of 222, 232, 360 Finance) 520 Ontological realism 13 Narodnaia volia (People’s Will) 391, Ontology of Social Being (OSB, 392, 403, 423 Lukács) 286, 289, 299, 300, Narodniks 10, 65, 68–71, 74 305–307 Narodnoye tvorchestvo (creative activity Organizational centralism 201, 202, of the people) 420 213, 220 Nationalisation 348, 484, 485, 489 “Organizational Questions of Russian Nationalisation of land 414, 421, 422 Social-Democracy” (Luxemburg) Nationalism 212, 220, 262 92, 202 Nationalities policy 502 Organization question 203, 205, 221 National Socialism 283, 306 Orthodox Church 393, 397 Naturalism 161, 163, 164, 182 Orthodox Marxism 103, 287, 301, Nature and nurture 291 304, 393 Naturphilosophie 289 Otrezki (cut-of lands) 414 Nepmen (traders) 490, 495 Our Political Tasks (Trotsky) 232 Nevsky, V.I. 108, 109 “Our Revolution” (Lenin) 397 (NEP) 248, 343, 344, 368, 483, 487–491, 494– 503, 505, 506, 508, 517, 518, P 520–522, 527, 528, 531–534, Pannekoek, Anton 356, 362, 365–367 539, 541–545 Paris Commune 170, 188–190, 216, “New Economic Policy and the Task of 234, 235, 319–321, 335, 338, Political Education Committee” 347–349, 385, 390, 510 (Lenin) 532, 546, 547 Paris Manuscripts (Marx) 2, 3, 16–18, Nicholas II 459 27, 55, 289, 306, 307 North Korea 8 Parliamentarism 209, 211, 214 Parmenides 284, 292, 303 558 Index

Partiinost (Partyness) 122, 294, 295, Politburo 486, 491, 492, 495 309 Political consciousness 358, 360, 379 Peasant bourgeoisie 401, 411, 414, Political freedom(s) 432, 433, 441, 417, 419 442, 445–448, 450, 451, Peasantry 235, 236, 238, 241, 383, 453–455 385, 391, 393, 395–397, 401, Political hegemony 282, 295, 309 402, 404, 406, 407, 411, 413– Political orthodoxy 282, 284, 285, 294, 421, 424–426, 484, 487–489, 297, 299, 307, 308 494, 495, 497, 499–501, Political parties 431, 432 504, 514–521, 523, 532–534, Populism 90, 401–403, 405–408, 539–542, 545 411–413, 424–427 People’s Commissariat of Food Supply Positivism 14, 63, 84, 129, 130, 136, 485 149, 152 People’s Commissariat of Workers’ and Potresov, Alexander 91, 110 Peasants’ Inspection 497 Prague Spring 373 Permanent revolution 168, 207, 223 Praktiki (organizers) 449, 450 Peter the Great 391, 506 Pravda 122, 150, 262, 263, 271–273, Petrograd 325, 327, 335, 336, 338, 274, 356, 368, 516, 527 339 Preobrazhenskii, E.A. 494 Petzoldt, Paul 101, 103 Press 433, 441, 447, 453–455 Phenomenalistic approach 303 Prices 317, 494, 497–499, 515, 520, Phenomenology of Mind (Hegel) 137, 521 181, 282, 525 Price scissors 520 Philosophical Notebooks (Lenin) 64, 65, Private property 219, 384, 386, 393, 77, 80, 300, 306, 307, 309 402–404, 421, 422, 425, 532, Philosophy of Right (Hegel) 290, 307 534, 535, 537, 540, 542, 544, Piketty, Tomas 544, 545, 547 545 Pipes, Richard 486, 491, 502 Prodrazverstka (food apportionment Planned economy 537, 540 system) 515, 518 Plato 3, 7, 9, 13, 33, 35, 125, 142, Producer cooperatives 519 290–292, 295 Proletarian revolution 386, 387, 393 Plekhanov, Georgi 10, 12, 13, 15, 44, Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade 46, 63, 64, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, Kautsky (Lenin) 460 78, 91, 93–95, 98, 99, 101, 104, Proletariat 185, 195, 284, 288, 295, 108, 110, 112, 114, 128, 132, 306, 308, 314, 323, 327, 329, 134, 135, 145, 152–154, 179, 334, 335, 338–342, 344–350, 186, 194, 232, 234, 237, 238, 401–403, 407, 410, 412, 413, 242, 252, 288, 303, 307, 309, 417–419, 422, 426, 432–434, 391, 401, 405–408, 412, 422, 437, 441–443, 448, 450–452 423 Proletarii (or proletary, title of newspa- Polish Social Democrats 202, 212 per) 95, 96, 102, 112, 123 Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 209, Propaganda 205, 336, 434, 436–438, 211–213, 224 455 Index 559

Provisional Government 243, 244, 315, Romanov dynasty 390 325, 327, 508 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 308, 314, 324, Prussia 326, 433, 443 348 Public property 532, 534, 535, Rowley, David 133, 152 537–540, 545 RSDLP. See Russian Social Democratic Putin, Vladimir 396 Labor Party Rudas, László 298, 300 Russell, Bertrand 485 R Russian Communist Party. See Russian Radek, Karl 213 Social Democratic Labor Party Rae, John 434, 435 Russian feudalism, distinctions 393 Ral’tsevich, V. 14, 122, 150 Russian Populism 358 Rationalism 306 Russian Revolution (1905) 206–210, Rationing 515 212, 219 Raubel, Isabel 377 Russian Revolution (1917) 8, 10, Red Guard 320, 321, 330 19–23, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 121, 245 123, 149–152, 154, 155, 202, Reformism 356, 359, 361 204, 206, 214–216, 218, 221, Refund distribution 545, 546 226, 233–235, 238, 239, 250, Reichstag 447 252, 257, 294, 295, 355, 360, Reminiscences of Lenin (Trotsky) 253 364, 377, 460 Report of the Siberian Delegation (Lenin) Russian Social Democratic Labor Party 232 (RSDLP) 133, 203, 245, 249, Republic (Plato) 1, 2, 4, 9, 35, 39 356, 357, 363, 390, 414, 417, Results and Prospects (Lenin) 235, 238, 419, 420, 432, 433, 440, 444, 240, 241 446, 451, 452. See also Bolshevik Revisionism 91, 94, 96, 99, 100, 102, Party 122 Ryasanov, David 162 Revision of the Agrarian Programme of Rykov, Alexei 248 the Workers’ Party (Lenin) 419 Revolutions of 1848 207 ‘Revolution from above’ (China) 504, S 505 Saint-Simon, Henri de 165, 194–195, ‘Revolution from below’ (China) 504 198, 314, 337, 347–349 Revolutionary self administration 201, Salvadori, Massimo 461 220, 221, 510, 511 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Revolutionary social democracy 204, 89, 288, 291, 305 432, 440, 444, 452 Schmit, Nikolaj 96 Revolution of 1959 (Cuba) 372 Science of Logic (Hegel) 65, 76, 77, 124, Richey, Lance B. 131, 152 137, 221, 225, 226, 242, 460 Road to Power (Kautsky) 460, 465, 466 Scientifc socialism 388 Roberts, Richard 472 SDKPiL (Social Democracy of Robespierre, Maximilien 232 the Kingdom of Poland and 560 Index

Lithuania) 203, 205, 208, 209, Socialist Revolutionary (SR) Party 258, 211, 213, 223 266, 315, 324, 491 Sechenov, I.M. 104 Socialist utopians 355 Second International 63–65, 71, 72, Social Revolution (Kautsky) 444 74–78, 81, 91, 202, 204, 209, Sohn-Rethel, Alfred 18 210, 214, 223, 298, 315, 458, Southern tour (Deng Xiaoping) 58, 459, 463, 467, 474, 476, 477, 541 479 1–5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 17, 25, Seizure of power 508, 509, 526, 527 38, 39, 41, 42, 51, 89, 105, 121, Self-determination 203, 208, 211–213, 122, 124, 128, 143, 146, 150, 219–221, 223 154, 231, 232, 244–250, 252, Self governance 510 253, 282, 383, 396, 398 Service, Robert 13 Sovnarkom 332, 333, 336, 338 Seventh Moscow Gubernia conference Spartacus League 215, 225 522 Spinoza, Baruch 89, 96, 237 Shakhty trial 498 Squirearchy 382 Sharia law 503 64, 206, 222, 233, 250, 283, Shlyapnikov, Alexander 333, 336, 368, 285 512 Stalin, Joseph 5, 7, 10–12, 14, 16, 21, Shmelev, Ivan 516, 518–521 23–26, 32, 33, 37, 42, 43, 51, Short Course of Economic Science (Bog- 52, 57, 59, 64, 121, 122, 126, danov) 93, 111 150, 217, 222, 226, 231, 233, Smolny Institute 244 246–251, 253, 258–267, 269– Social consciousness 104, 105 277, 386, 387, 391, 395–397, Social democracy 92, 94, 96, 107, 110, 483, 486, 493, 494, 496–506, 111, 258, 261, 264, 388, 413, 534, 535, 542, 543 415, 416, 419, 431, 432, 434, 484, 485, 488–490, 435, 437, 439–452, 454, 455 542 Social Democratic Party of Germany State monopoly capitalism 317, 522 (SPD) 205, 324, 353, 354, 363, State and Revolution (Lenin) 124, 319, 366, 407, 410, 412, 421, 424, 484 426, 431, 434, 436–440, 444, Steuart, James 302 445, 448–456, 458–462, 476 St.Just 167 Socialism 162, 179, 180, 187, 194, Stolypin, Pyotr 391, 393, 447 195, 201, 205, 207, 216–218, Studies in the Realistic World-View 220, 222, 258, 313–317, (Lenin) 93, 97 320–322, 324, 326, 328, 330, Subjectivism 63, 70, 71, 81, 84, 90, 94 331, 335, 336, 342, 344–347, Sukhanov, N.N. 242, 243 349, 483, 484, 489, 493, 495, of the National Econ- 499, 502–505 omy (VSNKh) 332, 515, 518, Socialism and Political Struggle (Ple- 519 khanov) 405 Surplus 514, 515, 520, 522 Socialist realism 374 Surplus food 532, 533, 539 Index 561

Suvorov, Alexander 93, 97 U Switzerland 92 Ukraine 219, 328, 339 ‘Ukrainization’ 502 Under a False Flag (Lenin) 463, 465 T Undialectical economism 238 Tailism 298 Unemployment 496 Takhtarev, K.M. 435, 445, 446 Union of Writers 503 Tarifs 317 Ustrialov, N.V. 492 Taxes 317, 518, 520, 522, 523, 533, 539 “Tax in Kind” (Lenin) 343, 344, 488, V 489, 492, 522 Valentinov, Nikolai 89, 93, 100, 110, “Teory of hieroglyphs” (Plekhanov) 111, 113, 132, 303 104 Venezuela 8, 40 “Teory of refection” (Lenin) 103, 106 Vertical hierarchy 367, 376 Termidorians 232 Verworn, Max 107 Ting-in-itself 284, 288, 290–293, Vesenkha 488, 497 301–304 Vico, Giambattista 286 Tird International 214, 360, 366, 394 Vietnam 8 Trade Union Federation (USSR) 333 Vogt, Karl 130, 138 Trade unions 209, 246, 247, 321, Volkspartei 442 330–333, 357, 360, 366 Vorovsky, Vaclav 107 Transnational capitalism 466 Voting rights 355 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 245 Tricontinental conference (Cuba) 374 1905 (Trotsky) 233–236, 238, 240, W 249 Wages 316, 318, 322 Trotsky, Leon 16, 21–23, 25, 26, 32, War communism 124, 483, 485–489, 37, 38, 51, 91, 92, 110, 111, 515, 517–519, 522 207, 214, 216, 217, 220, 223, Te War and Modern Business (Lenin) 226, 231–233, 235–254, 259, 457 262, 267–274, 276, 283, 309, Weber, Max 291 325, 330, 331, 333, 349, 356, Weitling, Wilhelm 359, 364 359, 364, 368–370, 374, 397, Weltanschauung 7 484–486, 493, 494, 497 Western Europe 353–355, 363, 365, Tsarism 241, 243, 358, 360, 368, 410, 366, 368 416 Westernization 10, 391 Tukhachevsky, Mikhail 336 Western Marxism 281, 282, 309, 361 Turati, Filippo 237 Western social democracy 363 Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the What Is To Be Done? (Lenin) 91, 110, Democratic Revolution (Lenin) 204, 298, 232, 356, 357, 359, 234, 415 360, 367, 370, 439, 444, 449 562 Index

Where To Begin? (Lenin) 356 Y White Guard 330, 336, 517 Yeltsin, Boris 396 Witte, Sergei 506 Yudin, P. 14, 122, 150 Worker Program, Te (Lassalle) 435 Yushkevich, Pavlov 303 Workers’ opposition 246, 247, 333, 334, 336, 339, 340, 486, 487 Workers’ Party and the Peasantry (Lenin) Z 413 Zapadniks 10 Working class 331, 334, 342, 384, 385, Zasulich, Vera 44 388, 407, 409, 410, 415, 422, Zinoviev, Grigorii 247–251, 253, 254, 424, 487, 502, 504 294 World Trade Organization (WTO) 538 Žižek, Slavoj 106, 114, 353, 367 World War I 210, 214, 241, 243–245, 282, 390, 431, 440, 452, 531–533, 538 World War II 1