Efik Language

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l ab oz P R E F A C E

0- 0-0 0 This was n e ver i n te n ded t o be a gram m ar b ook o r

r an i se u It rew n aturall rom t r i n a n o g d Eﬁk co rse . g y f y g Tor The uesti on s that to teach eigners my n ativ e la n guage . q tho se for eign ers a sked i n spi red re search t hat brought these

‘ _ - ’ r i i i i n to . bei n m ili n i I t hou h t ll pages g . In co p g h T g t n a y? of fo reigners m ain ly expatri ates who wo uld lik e t o learn the l an guage i n a short space of tim e wi th a view t o usin g

I had m iss i Th wo n eed to l e onarie s i n m i nd . ey arn en ough withi n a sh ort tim e a n d sta g i t for thei r ' work so it had t o b e sh ort whil e at t he same time givi n g t h m a n essential star I i tho u ht a als o b f “ the i nt ereste e t . g d

— ! , - r t r Fo r him co u . o u a l ler . t o o the se ld ha e o b e sho ve , r w v t rt

' en o u h t b e c om leted duri n tﬁ he l i e time of hi s will to g o p g f r

l earn . M

‘ It has si nce bee n o bse r ved th at the co ntents of this lit tle bo ok would b e of grea t help t o p upil s o f Ele men t arie s Fi v e an d Six f

‘ ’ ' I wi sh t o exp ress m y gratitude t o Studen ts i iand Tea che rs who used i t i n i ts for o r ch l r x h e mi i . ei c S oo Ce tiﬁca te . a n at on T r om m en s ha e b ee n er e n co ra i n a nd i f it has b een as t v v y u g g , d hel ul t o t hem a s the sa then m t im e ha s n ot b een pf y y , y w asted .

F . ! . A L IST OF CONTENTS C HA PTE R

Orth ography a n d S oun ds

N um ber

I nto nation

Greeti ngs

Noun s

The ver b To B e

Pr onoun s

Adj ecti ves

Pa ssi ve Voice

The Ver bs

Re lative Adj ectival Clauses Ad ver bs a nd Adver b Clause s

Co nj uncti o ns a nd Pre pos it ions

Co nditio na l a nd P urpo se Cla use s

Questions

I ndirect Speec h

“ “ Da a nd K am a

Appe n dixes

Ge nera l . Exerc ises

' Vocab ularyf f xe rcises

Useful Inform a tio n CHAPTER 1

OR THOGR A PH Y A ND S O UNDS

ALPHABETS : The a a e of Eﬁk an ua ge a re t o e u e i n En i lph b ts l g h s s d gl sh .

The e e . ! AND A RE NOT use l tt rs J , L Q, V , G d . ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ Fo r Q we h av e k w or k u a n d for t he En gl ish n g s oun d we ‘ ’ h ave The re i s i n a ddi tio n t he k p s oun d whic h offe rs the fo re ign st ud en t m uch d i fﬁ c ul ties .

A o f Ab an i n Eﬁk

h owe s o f Eﬁk a n ua e a re — A a as T e v l l g g : , ; A of Arn o i n L ati n A o f M at i n En glish n e e i e E n v r l k g. A .

B e z as E i n e e i n Et o , gg; i a s ee i n ee n or i i n hi t i i n i a I , ; s ; t k . E an d a re e iff e e n O n e c an n o r e ace t o I v ry d r t . t pl he th er . 0 a s O of Tuo ati n 0 i n e b ot o i n s o : ( L ) ; , . a 0 i O 0 0 : a s of Dom n us; i n 6 13 . 0 i n G od i e e a nd i o an d O a re e s en i a di ffe e n L k 9 s t lly r t . u: a s 00 m b oot u i n u o U , ; k t

Vowels i n t he r oot word ofte n afi e ct those o f t he suffi xes o r e fi e pr x s .

PRONUNBIATION: Eﬁk wo rds ar e m ore like l ati n th a n En g lish i n c e e a r t he way the y a re pro noun e d . Th r e n o n eutra l sou n ds; e ach

a e h as a i t to e x i a s an i n i i ua . Wo i e n n e m n a syll bl r gh st d v d l rds l k , r , m m e n n i n e t c . w i c i n En i h wou b e m on o ab i c a re , y h h gl s ld syll a ic i n Eﬁk d i syl l b , Th e b egi n n e r i s a dvise d t o t ak e Syl l able s s ep a ra te ly t o prom ot e i can o n b e one ea i n a e ki c l a r ity . Th s ly d by r d g n d sp a n g d e a d sl o w . The n at i v e sp e ak e r ca n b e un d e rst o o d e ve n wh e n h e e ltd e s or ea fa i s i s n ot ue of t he fo ei ne B o rowe w o sp ks st . Th tr r g r , r d rds ai n e o i i na o n unc i a i on re t th i r r g l pr t .

EXERCISE 2

R e a d out l ou d

m o o e em e n ai i d ok ukub ar a k a at ok arik o m m in o o o i i . . S k r , b r , kp , y , b , p , m m a m e m m a uﬁe n n d utuh o id t ok k a e re r i m b ot ke rt ke , r , , , , n p , n n b , n din a m ke e k ede di i k uhoke de n s i n s i i suh ake de i wub eke de , p , p , , ,

1 e n e m i a a owo u o. a a em i e d i n da- e o ] p y k k y Id h y . K uke re n te 1 o o e i a a e mi 3p s nd d h , k k U d os en Ad ia h a ed i e y e n e y en eka e a e a m i . ? Ek et e d idi c ab ana use m Eﬁk

Ni rn kp ukpru rn b et Ab asi k ub ahade m m o. — 6

a i k i m a i Ukp fon e owo t utu es m b e vin . Uwo e mi m m i n amke m om i d ot ke n ai ia u ia d d , A n i e o wo m m i n ye neke e ki ker e ? u A basi e d e me n tom on e kp kp ru owo . e n e e i i di he u en un am urom Us d r s , S e owo a a e k a or o ke e n e e di d ok t d p y , Ns o n d ori ke o wo e d i b a ed te ke en ye en y enede ofuri inyen e ere ri mb o t em i e di ke a a e u o e i e a a ? , kp tr kp n s t k f e ea e (a ) Re pea t ( a ) and ( b ) s l owly a n d di sti nctly a te r a n ativ sp k r .

CHAPTE R 2

THESE AR RMA IO N W en E UNIFO RM IN THEIR FO . i . Numerals : T h a ec i es e fo ow t he n e ua if us ed a s dj t v th y ll ouns th y q l y . “ 2 rdi nals : efi o oh a t o t he n um e a t o e t t he o e on i n . O Pr x y r l g c rr sp d g " “ " “ o i na e ce fo r firm w i c i s a a nd econ w i c c an rd l . x pt h h Akp s d h h “ ” “ ” e ith e r b e udi a na or ay oh a i b a “ " f Tim O n t he fi a e the e fi i nt t he re 3 . Numb er o es : ly rst t k s pr x st a ka i ki a n d i ku a cco i n a s t he e omi n an owel of t he n ume ral t ke i i ke , rd g pr d t v , , ” “ k a e t he i s a o r u U im efo e t he e fi I . oe n ot e i 0 , t b r pr x d s lt r , , ,

i u can u ut a a e fo e a n n um e r i i o . m ea n n g. Yo j st p k n b r y b ( Ib b ) " 4 : om 1 t o 8 e s n the char F om 9 on t h e . Quant ity Fr a r a o t r , ual t f t h e M m o ( o wo d uo e n a n um e a v e on or t i n e . ) p n r ls q p rs s h gs g , o f he m Fourtee n t . NUM B ER CHART

e ra O rdi na No of i me uant it ie Num ls ls . T s Q s

Akpa Ikp an Udia na or M b ib a Qy oh o i b a Qy oh a ita Ikata M bita i n aq Ikan arj M b inan i ti ou Ikoti on M b iti on i ti oki et Ikoti okiet M b iti okie t etc Ik i b M b itiab a . at a a Ikitiaita M b iti aita ’ Ik usukkiet Ikoduop Ikoduopekiet

etc . Nume ra ls Num b e r Ch a r t c on t .

The num be rs 1 — 14 m ust b e k nown off by ea The n um e 15 i s Efu To 16 h rt . b r t . ge t . 17 1 8 I9 ad d 1 2 i . e ec e t o 1 . , , , , r sp t v ly 5 I5 Efut; I6 Efute ki e t; 17 Efuteb a ; I8 u e t a 19 Efuten ar Ef t ; ) . 20i s edi p a n d othe r n um b ers up t o 3 9

an b e fo m e a i n 1 — 19 t o 2 c r d by dd g 0. “ ” T o e t 4060 an d 80c an e t he i o f ib a e kiet g , , h g y . “ " n a t o a The i n t e r m idi a r n i ta i n . y um b e rs i b a , a re fo m e d a i n I — 9 t o 40 60a n d i ta r by dd g I , i oce s of a i n u s 80. B th s pr s dd g n mbe r ou duop y y can coun t o a n n um e of ou c oice t y b r y r h . du opeki et

Exercise 1

ye ki et ye duop Wr i te i n E ﬁ k y e d uopekiet a 55 86 959 60 7 56 1 At a ( ) : ; ; 1: 3 3 3 ; ; 9999 857 i ; . At a y e ki et At a e duO Y P l t 9 t h l l tb 19t h (b) ; ; ; . A t a ye duopeki et

An al] 0 O nce t en im e n in et h im e i 3 h ( ) , t s . t ; 9t

ye k1et ti m e .

9 n 90 ee wo o ib a (d) 5 p ers o s ; sh p t f t hem , , t e n of t em i ee n of em ita h , s xt th . Tosi n

CHAPTER 3

I NTONATI ON

The fore i n u e n wi ﬁn d the n ton auon a ea aw — ac g st d t ll i gr t dr b k . Th i n tonation b e trays t he fo re ign e r for words a re pron oun ced t o sui t th e i r on e ca e fu i en i n an d wea a ou at i n t o ro uc c t xts . On ly r l l st g s t l b r try g p d e t he co ec oun will o e t i o em wi n e e e e com e rr t s ds s lv h s pr bl . It ll v rth l ss with t ime and usage s o h ave courage — 8

A Prac tic al way of fa ci ng th i s d i fﬁ cul ty o f acq uri ng t he right i n to n at i o n i s y ask i n g s eve ra l q uest i on s T i s h oweve r i s n or practica l e b h . b i ons i e O o n E e a n d Ann an ecau e eo e e e a e hei i n r eg l k r , k t g b s p pl th r h v t r

i r i ale c . E am f u fu ue i on p ecul a d ts x pl es o s ch us e l q st s .

Nso i di e m i ? What i s thi s ? A n i e e nyen e en ye ? Who own s i t ? ‘ Ed a e n am n s o ? Wha t i s i t use d for ? NS O ke owo oro an am ? Wh a t i s th a t m an d oin g ? ?‘ Ns o ke m m o e nam What a re they d oi n g ?

Nt e afo e m eke m e n di n am ‘ n t re ? Can you d o 3 0? ' NS O i n am m ukeme ke ? Why can t you ? Ek et e di d ie ? Wh at i s your n am e ?

CHAPTE R 4 GREETINGS “ ” Of a ll the form s of gree ti n g s t he com m on e st i s m ak om — o : I ee t ou hi c an b e u e i n a ll c i cum an ce w e e t he e on g r y . T s s d r st s ; h th r p rs e e e i i t i n own s a n i n u w al i n w o i o w a e e e r t d s s t g d . t d g . g rk n g r h t v r lse g p k , “ ” h a e oi n The e on e fo r i i s k a — o e e m y b d g . r s p s t m m a m n de : l gre t o u t oo e e a r e e fo m o f ee i n y . H r Oth r r s gr t gs

T e d o — o Si t ou e e or o n i n i y th r f e si tt g .

Da d o— o an ou e e for on e a n i n St d y th r st d g .

K e n a m — Yo u a r wo ki n wo in a o e r g for o n e rk g . “ For e a ch of t he ab o ve the resp on s e i s m m ak om — o Yes I

gree t y ou . K a d i 0 G o com e : fa re we ll Em edi Yo u a e c om e Welc om e h v : . S a a s u o e w e n e s o a i n ou n n G o d b y ( h a p r n i s l e v g y ) . Em e si e re — o od m o n i n t ) G o r g . Es i e re (0) G ood n i g ht ‘ ’ s e s o h h i n cl i t i c O a n d add A r p n s es fo r t e 1s m t wo, l eave out t e ‘ ' ‘ ’ n d e Wh e n y o u a re d i st an t fro m t he p e rs on us e i n cltt i c 0 wh e th e r ‘ ’ ‘ ’ re e i n o r r s o n i n I n e on se owe e 0 co m e a f e n de g t g e p d g r sp , h v r , s t r

. e o i e g E m s i cr e n d e o G od m orn n g t o o . Es i e r e n d e 0 o o n i g t oo G d ht . I d e m fo — o ? Ho w ar e y ou ? Et e fo o ? How or wh e re i s y o ur fath e r ? ‘ Ek a fo — o ? Ho w or wh e re i s y our m oth e r ? o a o S s n o Th ank yo u . V oca b u l a r y 1

O ra n ges Ekpem e beauty idib i win e ubom l a ame uﬁen p y , g suffe rin g idi ok t hi ng e rerimb o t th ough t ekpedidi for e v er n da - eyo voice bread n e em i , E y i this b iscuits . or e m n w Nte a s tha t o , child eka m o ther he re use n day t he re ko t here (yon de r)

n ar o u m be t law disci l e . ( e y ) , p ah ub ak h a n d

CHAPTER 5

NG U NS

Gender : Th ere i s n o gen d er of n oun s i n Eﬁk as the r e a r e d i ffe ren t i e f wo rds for t he m ascul i n e a n d fem i n n orm s o f a type .

E en o w o m an e . . g d A kpara wa young m a n um a n un e n hen n wan w ife n wan w o m an Ij k a i fe ri g irl e k i k a une n coc k Eb e h usban d

‘ ' W a n im a an d om e i the s a m e wo are u e uman hen as i n l s b rds rds s d , “ ” " " ma e i t fe m i n i n e O o i n ica e a m a e oa . a a m a e s O he k s r . kp d t s l g t Ay r k t r “ ‘ an i m a ls m asculi n e Ay ara i s us e d wi t h an y t re e t o sh ow t h at i t i s ” a re W o u a a a i t i s e u m e t o b e f ui - ea i n b r n . i th t y r pr s d r t b r g l eas es: There a re n0t diffe re n t form s of word s t o i n d i cat e t he i ffe e n ca e Ca e of n ouns are e e m i n e e i o i i on i n d r t s s . s s d t r d by th r p s t s t h e s e n t ence To e xpress t he possessive cas e the obj ect posses sed i s ace efo e t he o e pl d b r p ss ssor. ’ - . M m a wed e e k er i nk e g . n n yen a m i My broth s . In th is ex ampl e I poss e ss a m orhe r who pos s es ses a s on who o se w p s s ses b ook hich i n i ts t urn p ossesses wate r . ” Numb er : The pre ﬁx m m e h y ph en ated t o a n oun make s i t pl ural e ce i n a e ca e s w e iff e n wo are u e x pt r r s h re d e r t rds s d . w n ed m me- nwed book(s) o kpokor o m m e - o kpo koro t a b le( S ) owo m m e- owo people n wan i an wife om an b , w

e e n - o wo i en - o a m an men d d wo , e y e n n d it o c hi ld(re n ) e i m k ri m all i e kpr p s . l ttl ab arj m b on chi e f e t i n t i good i d i ok n d i ol b ad akp arawa m kpa rawa y o un g m an (m en ) n ka m ba i kp a b ig e se n i se n s tra n ge a ﬁa m ﬁa wh ite o b ub i t m b ub i t black

Arti l e e a t c i n as e c es : Th r re n o ar i cles i n Eﬁk l an guage . A c o rd g th y “ a re u e o ro a to d o t he s d . th t ; Emi th is a nd kie t ca n b e em p oy ed , l work o f a n a rt i cl e .

. y e t he a e e . g D d o ro o d o ro ke o kp okoro The book i s on t bl

Ek pem e e zn i n t inzle i ko n b i q a edi aﬁa The o e a m a i n a ou s w i e b ttl I t lk g b t i h t .

Order of s entences : The o rde r of a n Eﬁk sen te nce i s much like a o f En i wi t he m o i f in c au e fo owi n im me i a e t he th t gl sh , th d y g l s s ll g d t ly n oun e m o if E . s th y d y : . g

( a ) S ub j e c t Ve r b Ob j e c t ’ l e te r am a b i a Pe te r l ikes y arn s

b - ( l S ub j e c t Ve r b l I n d . 0b j e c t D . Ob j e c t . Pe te r on a mi afar) Pe te r give s me a d ress

C ( ) S ub j e c t Ve r b I n d . Ob j e c t D . Ob j e c t Pe t e r ck on o m i afar] o ro Pe te r gave me t he cloth

Cl a us e i n c e keyi pd e t hat was stol en . Cl a us e (d ) S ub j e c t Cl a us e Ve r b I n d . Ob j Pe t e r e mi oto de ok on o m i ofon oro n i n o ek e i d e obio nn yi y p . who i s a n ative ga v e the elorh that of our Vi lla ge was S to l e n

V o ca b u l a r y 2 Utit En d Edit on0 B egi n nin g ud arj a s ickn es s i ka n a kpa n fi rst s o n ediwa k m a nv o t own villa e ut in s un o b i , g n ta n ta ofi ar) s ta r Adiah a fi rs t d a ughte r ufak h o use i tam i n a t hie f ekpa t b a g i ya k fi sh Uk ab a de - i sua Ch ri st m a s i n i tim e e b ek m o n key e te fa the r e diye b e a utiful usen day ub e t roo m l oad b urde n i b k m e d ic in e m b io mo , a EXE RCIS E 3 (a) Tr a n s l a t e i n t o E n g l i s h Ufo i o Owo ud o o B b e M a ia a Pe e O o o i o ufa w d k b k , n , ry, Ad h t r, b n b , k n e , o e e e ofo e te m i e a u o Udo ufo o wo ud 0 o u om an am k b n , kp t b k , k q , b y i ak C o E e n a i y , r ss y Ab s . ( b ) Tr a n s l a t e i n t o E fi k ’ ’ ’ The i e f hat The me of C i tma t he fa he hou o n th s , t i hr s s , t r s s e , J h s e ld est ' ’ s on m fa e e a e M an m a w i i n , y th r s ey gl ss s , y s ll h te th gs , t he thi rd m a n s ’ n am e t he o i e m on e a fi n e d a i n o o com a b ad , l rry dr v r s k y . y g d pan y , c i i s a u n t s a en h ld b rde o hi p r ts .

CHAPTER 6 THE VERB “TO B E “ “ ” " As i n En gl i sh t he verb t o b e Ed i i s used (a) To express i d en ti ty of subj ec t an d obj ect

e E en ed i e t c . The e a i s a ee . . g . b p r tr

T o e e t he s a e or ua i of t he u (b) xpr ss t t q l ty s bjec t. w e . Eﬁon e di et i o o. Eﬁ on i s a oo m a n . g g g g d . Pe e e d i an y a n owo e er i s a a m an t r P t t ll .

En e ed i o wo ak a n i k e . He i s a u ful e on y p tr th p rs . “ ” The e du i n i t s o e en e en o e e t v rb pr p r t s d t s r s i n a place .

e . m i kodu k e ufo wed . l was . A i n t he g n k n S ch ool . M u uwem C i od u ke edi san a wed A a i b k hr st n b s . ’ The s o C i ife i s i n t he o B i tory f hr st s l H ly ble . _ 12_

V oca b u l a r y 3

Owo ifu a l az y person eke ededi an Whiche er y , v e t un am anim al , m a ufan fri end oﬁom crocodile ufok Abasi Church n sankot bush fowl

- n su i ka l aunch shi sm oke . n n , p , enyin a n am e i kpa ukot s hoe e o lm tr ee alm r uit y p pa , p f ur r wee ua m a ket , k i nwa arm arden n f , g i bi o sh ort we i si n u t kern el p , e sem e con triti on

i n em - esit happi ness Oku Abasi Pri est of God et o tree m kpasip grain m kpa death ifun sl a ve i sun- utom m essen ger awa - awa green

EXERCISE 4

(a) Tr a n s l a t e i n t o E n g l i s h

- a i c ed ufa n a u a mes e di e en eka m i E o edi an an et o. P tr k i P l . J y . y p y Chom e di una m m a E i a n n s a kot ekedi ufan si m . un e n k k e y n . I p

o d u ke m k as i e o N i o ufo we d e du ke i n wa e eac e . p p y p . d t k n n y t h r I ni e s e m e i duhe a a n c b i owo m kpa .

( b) Tr a n s l a t e i n t o E ﬁ k ? Who i s e re Wh o s i a e te i s com i n th i y our fri en d? John s h ppy . P r g . ’ Who i s ou f i e n ? W a c ou e? He is a a e y r r d h ere i s J ob s h s sl v . A i e i s a m e e n e pr st ss g r of God .

‘ ’ ( c) I l l us tr a te e a c h of th e th r e e f or m s of th e v e r b to b e wi th h t r e e s e n t e n c e s . CHAPTE R 7

P R O NO U NS

1 The e son a onoun u . Pe r s on a l p r on ou n s : p r l pr s s e d i n t he Eﬁk an ua e are l g g ,

Nom i n a ti v e A c c us a t i v e l st Pe rson Si n gular Ami m m t 2ud afo ﬁ 3 rd e ny e e n y e l s t o nyi n muy i n 2ud m b ufo m b ufo 3 rd m m o m m e

2 v e r . Pos s e s s i p on oun s 1 s t Pe rs o n S i n g ul a r 2n d 3 rd

l st Pl ura l 2n d

3 rd

Thev are a e a f t o n ua i f e c e h n u e . pl d t r e s th y q l y . . g fo n n i n ed i e m i U k y ,

(b) When t he n oun i s e i th e r s e par ated fr o m i t or l e ft out e n tire ly th ese a re use d

l l st Pe rs on Si n g ula r o ki m l m ine 2n d ok uo y ours rd eke e i e hi s e i t s 3 ( ) s , h rs ,

l st Pl ura l eke n n yi n our s z ud eke m b ufo y ours 3 rd eke m m o th ei rs

R e ﬂ e xi v e Pr on oun s : Th e s e are form e d by a dd i n g t he pre ﬁx ‘i ' d e m t o t he acc usative fo rm of t he p e rso n a l pr on oun s . ‘ ’ ‘ ’ Ex ce ption ; The th ird pe rs on s i ngul ar i s i d e m e sie n ot i de m en ye

l st Pe rs on S i n g ul ar id em m m i 2 nd i d e m fo 3 rd i d em e s i e

l s t Pl ural i d em nnyi n 2n d i d e m mb ufo 3 rd i d em w m o De m on s tr a ti v e Pr on oun s

a ) The y are e m i th is which; oro th at (n ea r y ou); oko th at ( ,

on e eke ok o i n t rod ucrn c ause . ( y d r); whi ch; em i , oro . , g l s (b) Wh en any o f the s e i n t rod uces a cla use t he verb of t he c l ause ' ’ take s the s ufﬁx de The wo w i c he . o o . e g . U rom e m i en ye anamde f n rk h h i s oi n i s oo d g g d .

( c) When t he c lause i s n eg ative i t i s expre sse d thus

Pr oo k e ha he , ho ( o ) Noun Pe rs on a l form verb r t , ,

S e ami m m e u o m ke e . g . y S e afo m m u uy omke S e en ye m m i i yomke S e n nyin m m i i yo m ke S e m m e m mi iyo mke S e m b ufo m m i iyo mke

B . For t he u e o f ke ha he h e c f c a e 10 a a a . s , . h pt r , p r gr ph I , ,

5 R e l a ti v e Pr on oun s : The s e a re

e m i eke who w ic a , h h th t , a w ic s e what . th t , h h

e f c a te l l i n m os c a i n c au e c . . Th y , t ses , trod uce q ualifyi ng l s s . h p r

6 . I n te r r og a ti v e Pr on oun s n s o wh at ani e who e we or e fe which

Wh e n a ny o f th es e com e s before t he v erb i n a s en te nce t he p re ' ’ p os i t io n ke c o m e s b et wee n i t a n d th e r e st o f t he s en t e n ce a fte r ‘ ’ i t Whe n i t ua i ﬁe a noun k e ome af t h e n o n i t ua i ﬁ . q l s c s te r u q l es . a s ? An ie e d i e ye n fo? Who i s your chi ld ? En ye od u ke m m on Wh e re i s h e ?

V oc a b u l a r y

udia fo od kere b a iJ a thin k a bout m b ah oidun n eighb our idat m ad per son ub uen e p oor per son m otor car mb ub ik wi ckedn ess i s ke em em em weak so t on , , f ka ga y et utip reward ut o kin d t e k uk ru all e er , yp p p , v y ub k n uk som c llect a , dus e tim o ,

arra n e ack beat . g , p , KELEYLIBF

L B IL I E].

Tr a n s l a t e i n t o E n g l i s h Oyom an ie? Odu ke mm an? Odu kc e we ufok? Owo oro

di i d at Ami ke i e m mi . M m e e n o n n i n u ia a ar e . d y d ye f ] . Nti e m k uk ru owo Ndusuk owo e k re Christian a p p . e ebana i dem a Nn o m m o se wm o ke i de m m m s m m o ikp n. e y omde . Owo e k ama e A asi ama mb oh oidur esi e ko n e a e d b j n . A i mmimah ie? Nam se ama e a a A asi e en o ﬁ u i o idem es d k n . b y t p. Nso ut owo ke Chri st ekedi?

Tr a n s l a te i n to Eﬂk

oo son arran es all hi s t hi n s his c o hes s A p r pe r g g ; l t , hi m oney and o M car is ack ou s i s reen a his fo d . y bl y r g . Th t man there i s wicke at n ear ou i s weak b ut is i s az d , th ( y ) th l y .

e sen tences wi h t hese onouns . (0) M ak short t pr l de m fo , fo. oki m

emi se oro n n i n n so efe. . , . y , ,

CHAPTER 8

ADJ E O T I V E S

The Eﬁk language has very few adject ives so Othe r word s are u ed i uch s as adjec t ves. S words come before t he n o uns the y

ua if . There are owe er e e t io s h se w i com q l y h v , xc p n li ke t e h ch e a er m n ft t he noun a .

i n o theft ifu laz y akpaniko truth idat a m ad person utom work ub uene a poor person i si n enyin covetuous iton greedy ukari t rickish n su lie

The three degrees : The adjectives i n thei r o rdi nary form s are n i i the posit ve degree . ‘ ’ The compara tive degree i s form e d by putti n g ak an after the

a ec i e . dj t v e . g .

a Pe ter oni on k an Paul .

Pet er i s t a ller t han Paul . ‘ ’ k ru raises i t t o t he su er a i e de ree Akan kpu p p l t v g . l afon akau k uk ru mm o G a ri e i s the b est e . Gab ri e . g . p p b l

of t hem all . V oca b u l a r y

i s sh or t ob ufa i s b ig ub ok ser vant n da - ndat h il l m b ri

r o und n e n - nen foolishness e ny an i m m e b ut , p g

EXERCISE 6

( 8 ) Tr a n s l a te i n t o E n g l i s h

- i w o b ub t m d . wo a n i k O m a e d . N an d at e o d k h O akp . n n y p. l i o u ak

wed Et t e e n uf ok . fo n n i n od u k e e n ot o o . o n on i o n . y , U k y y ] b t J h n ' d i e e r on i o a a u r a k an Paul e P t n k n k p kp u m m o. Eka m i e ny e n e '

i m ufa afar . A n e o k on akan o e Pa i c k mm n d y e b ) t p J s ph . tr e Pa ul?

( b) Tr a n s l a t e i n to E ﬁ k

ee er s o n laz v b o o m e wo k A oor c i C ve u u A gr dy p . A y H r . p h ld . o t o s s i n h w i e b ox of i cui P t u e s on B t e . u i t on t he o n a e . p r . r g h t b s ts r d t bl W E i m is a t i e f a w i e c o h i n c e a n wa e . fa t cat s at t h . sh h t l t l t r A ’ m at a l a i n t a hi a he e f a u . on t he bl ck , th t y t ll t s be uti f l l i ttl e h ous e

(0) Us e th e s e w or d s i n s e n t e n c e s ' i si me di ok n en- n en e di e e a a - e a a kari n d . i , , y , k r k r , n .

CHAPTER 9

PAS S I VE VOI CE

S ic ea i n t he E k a ua ha n o a i e oi ce tr tly sp k g ﬁ l n g ge s p ss v v . B efore

a t n an En l 's h « : v c a e i t act i e W en t e e tr nsl a i g g p s s e se nt en e m k v . h h r i s n o su e c o ne has t o b e i n ro uce o r at ea i m i e i n t he e I n bj t t d d l st pl d v rb . ca e t he ub ec i s a m o a wa u a th is s s j t l st l ys pl r l .

‘ n en ce s i e e e a ea t o b e a i b ut i n fac t at e n or for S e t l k th s pp r p ss ve , ei u ec a re c on ai n e i n t he e th r s bj ts t d v rbs . k i f i i e a k u r u w . l ke d o k t c o Em a es we t Em a e t n n p p o o n e ot e . wed ke m a e o b uk ok Em a e e re i e e s k uk ru n b t y p . bi kp n p p wo n d i a Ekeb at n o une n o ro k a A n ie li k n t e o kp . d i t n p n. c p e nek e ek o b i d m . V o ca b u l a r y

k e rose n e Doh a s ay to ld t o Ti a n ti n wa s e n k a cos s ea r s t A p ts , . iver c a K e i n w e n at the im l y i h , t e b oard or plan k Ek orj war e t e B a ui d t i e s t l p b l , ca e i u e Du o fa o wn s , d sp t ll d Ny am se ll

EXERCISE 7

( 8 ) Tr a n s l a te th e e x a m p l e s a b ov e i n to E n g l i s h ‘ ( b l Tr a n s l a t e i n t o E nk

The o was n e e o . t in of e o en e u e o co on e s i in st ry v r t ld A k r s s d t st h ll g . i w w i i as en u n t he war . The ou e wa ui i n an ua Th s r tt d r g h s s b lt J ry . The wo w as m a e f om n o i n fe d w w n was i rld d r th g . I t ll o n h e I p as s n g . e o e are fo i en t o a t ou i ace o i s o i n our P pl rb dd p ss hr gh th s pl . Cl th s ld m a m a e s ll rk t .

(0) Wr i te t e n E n g l i s h s e n t e n c e s i n th e p a s s i v e v oi c e a n d

tr a n s l a t e th e m i n to E nk .

CHAPTER 10 THE VERB S

n e i n i t s oo fo m i s i m e a i e i n t s m ea n i n A y v rb r t r p r t v i g .

. f o e e g . cp d dg . ‘ ’ The preﬁx E shows th at the com mand i s a ddress e d t o m ore

o e on . e fe o e th an ne p rs . 6 . g p d dg ‘ ’ The pre ﬁx K u m ak e s i t a n egative comm an d addresse d t o fe ou u a d o n ot o e m n . E ku a y p y ( pl r l) d dg , ‘ ’ A n d i b efor e a n y v erb t urn s the verb i n to a n oun that Stan ds

for t he perform e r of t he acti on of t he ve rb .

Andib ot n n i n O ur c ea o 6 . g . y r t r andifep d odge r ‘ ’ e K e ha he h e at t he en d of a e . K e a t t he en d of a ( ) , , , v rb nan m a es i t ne a i e verb en di ng i n a con so t k g t v .

‘ ’ ‘ ’ ' ‘ ’ a i t a e ha . If i t en i n u e or i If a v erb e nds i n a vowel t k s ds ‘, ‘ ‘ ’

con on an i t ta e he . 7t i l s ecee e preceed e d by a strong s t , k s “ pr d d ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ he oe Wi i t . Ha a n d h o by a weak consonan t like b or r , g s th ‘ ’ ‘ ’ g o resp e ctive ly with a an d o end i ngs . NB W en t he as ee e e of a e o o a re owe — con on an . . h l t thr l tt rs v rb r t v l s t ‘ ’ — B u i o o vowe l ke i s us ually use d . t n words l ik e kp h de e n d i n g ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ i n d e ke come i mm e i a e efo e d e , s d t ly b r .

s n the a 14 S u em n Wh a t i s s o s tate d i s i ll u trated i ch a rt on p ge . ppl e t tha t chart with th ese ve rbs an d more th at s om e ve rbs h ave n o n oun t n o e a e ar e n o fo rms to ﬁ i n t he c ol um n for oun s . Th s that h v t as un i fo m fo m e as e eem t o b to a o w for a u e r ly r d th y s e . ll r l .

V E R B R OOT S

Enghs h

Dem e

— 18

W en t he a s ee e e of a e oo a re owe — con on an NB . . h l t thr l tt rs v rb r t v l s t ‘ ’ — o vowe l ke i s us ually us ed . B ut i n words l ik e kp h ode e n d i n g ' ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ i n d e ke com e i m m e i a e e fo e d e , s d t ly b r .

s a i n the n a e I4 u e m en Wh a t i s s o s tate d i s i llu tr te d ch art o p g . S ppl t tha t chart with th e s e ve rbs an d n o t e th at s om e ve rbs h ave n o n oun t n or n o o e a a e are n ot forms t o ﬁ i n t he col um f un s . Th s th t h v as un i fo m fo m e as e eem t o b e to a o w for a r u e r ly r d th y s , ll l .

V E R B R O O T S

E r r a tum

14 t o art on p age 4 C an e the ch Page 18 line : h g “ e 20 he c a t on pag read t h r

De m e Verb Root s c o ntd .

look at d est roy

wear (hat ; wa ste

throw

m a N e e ha e own rry y n v , e m e l ook aft e r place on

Ti m ede r aw d istu b dr , drag

i m ake m i st ak e h elp , ass st

sh ei ld Nwa m

K un e we a e u n i n r r t r , sp

K a a e u wa m b d t r n , tra nslat e r

m urm ur

Nwan sow ( cl oth)

Tun usur m i w a wea e t a ( j ) ss y v , p

i e u a e wea e c im p l p h rv st , v , l b

h an g up

K ak ( ud ano) h eal

f u oo Di b ede li t p , upr t

Th i h 3 . e p reﬁx w th t e r oot which a re i n dicati ve o f the " ‘ ’ person a re respectively n or m when the ro ot starts i n " m e e i e e for l st 2ud and 3 rd erson sin ular , , , , , , p g a n d n l the 2n nd rd er son s si l pl ural . O y d a 3 p ngu ar vary ‘ ’ wi r e w l th t he v owel s i n the root . They a E hen the v owe ‘ ’ i n the ro o re e i ue a n when the vowel i s i t a , , , d A a , a , ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ua . The are 0 for the owel s o u i o a nd for y v , , Q the o wel s o i i s u s . v , o , , The i n dicati ve v owel for 3 r d person pl ural i n a passi ve ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ sen tence contai ni n g se becom es i i n stead of the usua l e

Th e v e r b w e t t o w r i te

INDICATWE M000

Pr e s e n t a b s ol ute I w r i te

This i n i ts afﬁ rmati ve form i s used when one i ntends It e c udes ot er on ly to giv e a sim ple i n form ati on . x l h erso th c i p n s from e a t on .

affi r mat ive Negat ive

C on d i ti on a l Pr e s e n t : I f I ( d o n ot ) w r i t e

Affi rmat ive Negat ive

Edie ke am i n wet d e Ed i e ke am i m m e n wet ke a fo ewet de afo m mu n wet ke m we ke en ye ewetd e en ye m i i t i tke n oy i n i we t d e n n yi n m mi we m b ufo ewe t de m b ufo m mi iwe tke m m o ewetd e m w o m mi i we tke Con ti n uous Pr e s e n t : I a m ( n ot) w r i ti n g

Affir mat ive Negative

Am i ke uwe t S am e as prese nt absol ute Afo ke ewe t En e ke ewe y t . Nnyi n ke iwet Mb ufo ke ewe t M m o ke e we t

Th e h a b i tua l Pr e s e n t : I us ua l l y ( d o n ot ) w r i te

Affir mat ive Negat ive

Ami m m esiwet Am i n s i wetke Afo em esiwet Afo us uw e tke En ye es iwe t En ye i si we tke Nnyin imi srwe t Na yi n i s i we t ke M b ufo em es iwet M b ufo i si we tke M m e esiwet M m e i siwetke

PAST TENSE

Pe r f e c t w i th h a v e : I h a v e ( n ot ) w r i tt e n

Affirmat ive Negative

Ami m m e wet S ame as pre sen t abs ol ut e Afo e mewet En ye ( em ) ewet Nn yi n i mi we t M b ufo ( em ) ewe t Mm e (em ) ewe t

Pe r fe c t W i th out h a v e p a s t i n d e ﬁ n i te

Affir mat ive Negative

Ami mms uwet Ami n ke we tke Afo am a ewe t Afo uku wetke En ye ama ewe t En ye i ki we tke Nnyi n i ma i wet Nn yin i ki wetke Mb ufo e ms ewet Mb ufo i ki we tk e M m e ems ewet M m e i ki wetke 23

Ha b i tua l Pa s t : I us e d t o w r i t e Affir mative Negat ive Ami m m a n siwet Am i n kesiwetke Afo am a esiwet Afo uku suwetke En ye am a esiwet En ye iki siwetke Nn yi n im a i siwet Nn yi n i ki siwetke M b ufo em a esiwet M b ufo i ki siwetke M m o e ma esiwet M m o i ki siwetke ‘

A n oth e r f or m of Pe r f e c t w i th ou t h a v e De ﬁ n i te p a s t Affir mat ive Negat ive

Ami n ke wet Idihe am i n ke wet Afo eke wet a fo eke we t En ye eke wet e n ye eke wet Nnyi n iki wet n n yi n iki wet M b ufo e ke wet mb ufo eke wet M m o e ke wet m m o eke wet

S e e a p p e n d i x 9 f or th e u s e of EKE a n d AMA Pe r fe c t t e n s e

Ha b i t ua l Pa s t : I t w a s I w h o u s e d t o w r i te Affir mat ive Negat ive

Ami n kesi wet Sam e as a bove “ ” Afo ekesi wet with si be twee n “ “ ” En ye ekesi wet nk e a nd wet Nnyi n i ki si iwet M b ufo ekesi wet M m o e kes i wet ,

P a s t Con d i t i on a l : I f I w r ot e

Affir mat ive Negat ive Edieke a mi n ke wetde Edieke a mi mme n ke wetk e afo eke wetde a fo mu uku wetke en ye eke wetde en ye mmi iki wetke h myi n iki wetde h myi n m i iki wetke mb ufo eke wetde mb ufo mm i iki wetke m m o eke wetde m m o mm i iki wetk e TENSE

Fut u r e S i m p l e : w r i t e Affir mat ive Negat ive Am i n ye wet Ami n diwetke Afo eye wet Afo udu wetke En ye eye wet Enye idiwetke Nn yin iye wet Nnyi n idi wetke M b ufo eye wet M b ufo idi wetke M m o ey e wet M m o idi wet ke Ha b i tua l Fut ur e I s h a l l b e w r i ti n g

Affir mat ive Negat ive

Am i n yesi wet A m i n d i si we tke Afo eye si we t Afo ud u usuwe t kc En y e e yesi we t En ye i di s i we t k e Nny i n iyisi we t Nn yin i di si wetk e M b ufo eye si we t M b ufo i d i s i we tk e M m o ey e si wet M m e id i s i wetke

Con d i ti on a l Fut ur e s h a l l (n ot ) w r i te

Affir mat ive Negat ive

Edieke a m i n d iwe td e Edi e ke a m i m m e n diwetke afo ud u we tde afo m m u ud u wetke e n y e e d i we t de e n y e m m i i di we tke n uy i n id i wet de n n yi n m m i idi we tke m b ufo e di wet d e m b ufo mm i i di we tk e mm a edi wet de m m a m mi i di we tk e

SUBJ UNCTIVE M000

Pr e s e n t S ub j un c ti v e : I s h oul d (n ot ) w r i t e

Affir mative Negat ive

Am i m kpe wet Ami mkpe we tk e Afo e kpe wet Afo n kp u we tk e En ye e kpe wet En ye i kpi wetke Nnyi n i kpe wet Nny i n ikpi we tke M b ufo e kpe wet M b ufo i kpi we tk e M m o ekpe wet M m o ikpi we tk e

Con d i ti on a l Pr e s e n t s ub j un c ti v e

Affir mative Negative

Edieke a mi mkpe wet de a m i m m e m kpe we tke afo ekpe wet de a fo mm u n kpu we tke e n ye e kpe wetde en ye m m i i kpi wetk e n uyi n i kpi wet de n nyi n mmi ikpi wetke mb ufo e kp e wetde m b ufo m mi ikpi we tke m m a ekpe wetde m m a m mi i kpi we tke

C on d i ti on a l Pe r fe c t S ub j un c t i v e i m p l y i n g a m or a l ob l i g a ti on . Affir mat ive Negat ive Edi eke ekpeken ad e n wet Edi eke m m i i kp iki naha n we t e we t ewe t ewe t e we t i we t i wet ewet e we t e we t e we t OP TA TI VE M OOD Affir mat ive Negative Ya k am i uwet Yak am i n kuwe t afo e we t afo ok uw et e n ye e we t e n y e okuwe t n n y i n i we t n nyi n i kuwet m b ufo ewet m bulo ekuwet m m a ewe t m m o ekuwe t I M PE RA TI VE M OOD

We t y o u (si n gul ar) wri te Ewe t y ou (pl ural) wri te Nam e n ye e we t m ak e hi m wri t e Nam w m o e we t m ak e the m wri te EXERCISE 8 “ ” Con u a e the au i a e a a — a ou ( a) j g t x li ry v rb b n b t . b Givi n g a ve rb a d a c on ugate all the verbs on ve r s ( ) y , j b i n all the te n se s CHAPTER 1 1 Relat ive Adj ectival clauses Re lat ive adj ectiva l c l ause s are s uch as are i n trod uce d by rel ative on ou i e i e fo ow t h n o u n e pr n s l k e em i eke , s e , en m . Th y ll e s th y . y q ua l i fy an d thei r c ons truc tion d oe s n ot diffe r m uc h from th ose of pri n ci pal

c au es . l s e . g . (a) Pr on oun Verb ( i n i ts proper ten se) De M e n eke afo a m ad e Take t he on e you li k e (b) Pronoun Verb — l De i n ﬁn itive Pe te r emi a m ad e edi n won mm in Pe te r who l ik e s to dri n k win e (0) Pron oun Ve rb De — l i ndirec t object Na m s e n d oh ode ﬁ Do what I tell you (d) Pronoun Ver De obj ec t M m o ed i m b on e m i e mad e i se n owo They are people who l ove strange rs V oca b u l a r y 7

oa wa o en c ea r d , y p , l r, pour om b e eau ifu ea b t l rth , groun d , lan d

EXERCISE 9

( 8 ) Tr a n s l a t e i n to E n g l i s h

De e ke e ede a a u u eke e ne n e . K ama u ia e mi edike de ﬁ p y . S n s n d d m . u e n i n a N om owo emi ekem ede n din am e t i ut om B o se asi s n. y , Ab o k n odc cs o 6 .

( b) Tr a n s l a te i n to E ﬁ k

We wan o who a re oo He i s a m an who can aw t b ys g d . dr m a ps . an ﬂowe i n o en oun Put t e m i n a c e an ac Pl t rs p gr d . h l dry pl e . Gi ve i t t o hi m at the a oi n e tim e pp t d .

c M a k e 5 s e n t e n c e s c on n i n r l a ti v e a d e ti a l l u ( ) t a i g e j c v c a s e s .

M a k e 5 s e n te n c e s c on t a i n i n g r e l a ti v e a dj e c ti v a l cl a us e s

of ti m e .

M a k e 5 s e n t e n c e s c on t a i n i n g r e l a ti v e a dj e c ti v a l c l a us e s

of p l a c e .

CHAPTER 12

ADVERBS AND ADVERB GLAUSES

A e arc e a e i n t he Eﬁk an ua e The l . Adver b s ; dv rbs v r y r r l g g . d cﬁcrency i s m ade up for by groupi n g words t o prod uce t he requi re d s en se an d by doubli n g certa i n words .

O i i n a a e are mi do k o um or i i e . r g l dv rbs : , r ) , d d , ,

f ou s of wo Adverbs orm ed by gr p rds .

K c et i i n i i n goo d ti me K c i di ok i n i i n b ad ti me Yc i di ok ekike re maliciously kan uk u icin i a ou D k v ty , b t K c e d em behi n d Ebi et (i t ie) eke ededi any pl ace K c an wa outsi de K c ufuot i n the middle K e i so i n fron t — 28

A d v e r b s f or m e d b y d oub l i n g w or d s

- te r m a e a Ut e nc u j e j stic lly , s ol em n ly idi ok- i di ok badly n disimc - n disi mc fooli shly

i d ara - i d ara h appi ly ediye - cdi yc be autifully eyi he- eyi he d oubtfully ak akaha t oo m uch id a p - id ap sl ee pi ly usuh ode - us uh ode l owl y q konkorj - nk o nkon highly

Adver b Claus es : Adverbial cl ause s of m a nn er i s usually expresse d i n i c ons uc i on th s tr t .

NTE ( Pr on oun) Ve rb d c

C i o om n n i n i du uwem n t c e n e okod ud e e . g . hr st y y y Christ wan ts us to l i ve a s he l ive d hi s l i fe K pukpr u ubon ekp en ycnc n d i t i c n t e ub on e mi Chri st akaman ade Eve ry fam i ly should b e l ik e t he family i n whi c h Chri st was born

“ " " Thi s use of me should n or b e c onfuse d wi th m e which i n tr od uce s a i am i ui t quest on t o avoid b q y . W e n i n i or kc i ni an d cb i e t or i i e ar e i n o e e a re e ec i e h t v lv d , th y r sp t v ly a e ia c au e of i me a nd lace B o ow a c au e con a in in dv rb l l s s t p . th sh th t l s s t g them ar e of the ir n at ure d e fin i te s o t he ve rb of t h e c l a us e m us t b e “ ” efinit i n i t s fo m an d has t o a e t he uffi d c d e r t k s x .

V oca b u l a r y

walk away Ak am c hi ldhoo d Ew ok

o c e an . h ly , l

EXERCI SE 10

( 8 ) Tr a n s l a t e i n to E n g l i s h

K usa a n t e afo a m a e nam n a e ie n e e - n e e Udose n E a n d . A kp s t n t n . kp

a a a e i d i ok - e i Od oh o n nam did ic? Ek e n i o m b ufo o ke s n y s t , p p d t nkp i n i i u cn . Da a m e e ko . y h , k b t

(b) Tr a n s l a t e i n to E nk When wi ll you come? Ho w do you like swi m m i n g? L eave i t a t a ny

l ace . ome ai n we e of low i Do ou ea foo i ? i p S s ts r b rth . y sp k l shly Th s was a on e . Rem e m e t o d o as I a i e ou wan t t o now b dly d b r dv s d y . I k e e a ff i n how ou d id it H a s a id . oo eo e u e y . t lk r p ly G d p pl b r s r gs

happﬂy . (c) M a k e s e n te n c e s w i th th e f ol l ow i n g

E ie e ke ed edi kc anwa e i hc - e ihe k uf o - b t , . y , c u t , utc e n te e n te y n n , e t i o wo i n i n da- e , yo.

CHAPTER 13 CONJ UNGTIONS AND PREPOSITIONS

1 Con unc i on com m o — . conj unct ions : j t s n ly use d i n Eﬁk are : ye a nd nk o a o an d . ls ,

Ye i s n ot n o m a u e t o oi n e n ences an d c au r lly s d j s t l ses . “ ” The auxiliary verb n yun i s use d i n c onj un cti on with the ve rb “ ” he c au e t o oi n s en e n ce and c au e N u of t l s j t s l s s . y n i s conj ugate d li ke n ot i n t he a a c om ple te verb b ut n eg ti ve . It tak e s pre ﬁxes b ut d oe s

n o t a e an ufﬁ e . ufﬁ e o t o t he e wi w i c i t i s u e t k y s x s All s x s g v rb th h h s d . ‘ ’ a m e e n u o e t he u e Li ke co plet v rb , y n b ys r l s gove rn in g t he ord e r of n ce It m a b e se a a e f om the e w se n te s . y p r t d r ve rb by Oth r ords .

“ ” Prepos itions : All pre p ositio n s i n En gl ish are red ucible t o kc an d ” ” e K c ee m t o b e i n ﬁ ni e in i t s ca ac i for o uci n e _ y , s s t p ty pr d g pr pos i i on al m ean i n It i s om e i mes c om i ne wi n oun or t gs , s t b d th s verbs to i on form prep os i t s .

K c ed in imc un i mc esi e his a e em en e . g , y ( y ) by gr t k c esi t i n sid e kc e n y an on t op kc ufuot i n t he m iddle k c id ak un d e r kc n k an be sid e

“ " T he verb n o if pro perly combi n ed with o ther word s can m ean for De e n a ukuak n o m i B u a i c c e for m e e . g . p n . y b y l . V oca b u l a r y 8 i n sid e Ik an sid e Nscn un en un d er neath I uwan Heave n Ikw o wall Ubet question Tog o n tak EXERCISE 1 1 ( 8 ) Tr a n s l a t e i n to E n g l i s h :

a ok okoro . Yet ofo n o m i n u Nyom Pe ter ye Pa ul . Ana kc i d k p n y n t i m ufo C i am a e kc m e on ur o o kc en or Okuk k . hr st se t kp y ] d k y J. odu kc e i u e Pa i c ada ek e rc i b i b cn e Edcm e ut om e n o s t b t . tr k p .

- m e B o o m m e m b um c em i o o n a n o e i m u . m . r , t n t k kpr b k ( b ) Tr a n s l a t e i n to E fi k

Who an n ear t he wi n ow ? Put i t i n o t he ﬁ re W a i s e te el st ds d t . h t P r t i n ? i t he l g Paul J am es i s pl a yi n g n sc ho ol . I b ought e ggs fro m the a o wi t W m e . ea e i s n t ou m on e o i n t he a en a n rk t H v n b ght h y . rk g rd d a o i n t he ou e . S he s i n n ice a nd a we t oo G o o ls h s gs ly pl ys ll . t the m a w i r rket a n d m ee t the atch re pa e r t oo . “ ” (c ) Use kc i n 5 d iffe re n t s en ten ce s “ ” Us e kc i n 5 d iffe re n t se n t en ce s as a pre pos iti on “ " Us e y e as a conj un cti on i n 5 d i ffe ren t s en te nce s Us e nko i n 5 se n t en ces “ Us e n yun i n sen te n ce s a s ( 3 ) Pres e n t i n d icat ive (0) Fut ure i n d icative (b) Perfe c t i n d icative (d ) Prese n t subj un cti ve (e) Pe rfe ct

CHAPTER 14

condit ional and Pur pos e claus es

o I . PURPDSE CLAUSES : P urp se i s express ed by a c l ause i n tr od uce d “ ” “ ” “ " m an m a or m an o o o n d tnam . by , b k t d ,

Con s tr uc ti on s : a n o uc o wo P o n oun Ve ( ) I tr d t ry rd ( r ) rb. Nd om o i d ah a e m i m an afo okut I am m easuri ng it n o w s o that you m ay see (b) Usun Nt e " n o uc o wo P o) n oun e n te e d c I tr d t ry rd ( r (v rb) v rb . Nn a m e mi m m an m b ufo e ﬁ ok n te m m ad e m b ufo d o i a o u m a now how m uc o e ou I th s th t y y k h I l v y . “ ” (c ) Usi ng the ve rb kem e and s om e Othe r verbs I ntrod ucto ry word i n ﬁn i tive (Pro)n oun e p nkp o m an e k em e n di be udom o Study s o that y ou m ay b e abl e t o pass y our exami nation

i an d o d o n ot i n o uc o e c au e S a kor tr d e p urp s l s s . Th ey i n trod uce clauses whi ch give t he reason s why an ac uon was d one “ ” 2 NAL CLA E : The If C au e i s e e e i n Eﬁk b . CONDITIO US S l s xpr ss d y “ t he use o f Ed i eke i n con unc i on wi t he e of t he c au j t th v rb l se .

Edieke o n oun e h ufﬁ Con s tr uc ti on : ( Pr ) v rb t e s x de .

Ed i eke afo am a e m i ni m m m e m e m mi e . g . d b t I f y ou l ove m e k ee p m y com m andm en t s

Con struc ti on for n egative con diti on

Edi eke P o noun m m u e oo kc ha he o r ho ( r ) v rb r t , . ,

Edieke afo m mun im kc k uk ru m e a i ukemeke n dib oh o. e . g . ( ) p p b t Ab s Ekpedi i s us e d w h e n th e re i s a ca s e o f unful filled co n d i t i o n o r on e a m a n ot b e fu fi e b ut i f fu fi e t he con e ue n ce l o llows th t y l ll d l ll d s q . w c All i n tr od uct o ry o rds an b e e k e d o ut by co r rec t i n t on a ti on .

n h a d o a e . g . n am , a o n ft . If y ou e e ou b chm d . A d kp n , I l v y Os op i d e m e y e s obo m m o kc us ur] If y ou a re q uic k yo u will m ee t e m on t he wa th y .

Gi e th ree exa m les i n ast resen t a nd uture . v p p , p f

V o ca b u l a r y 9

S ana ki e t Wa lk t o ge ther in i Udom o est exa m a t on . T , K a i so G o a hea d Edim Rai n ﬁ M oon m on th Q on , Ete ye Eka Pa ren ts Tim (wi t h a verb) do the actio n of the v er b pr oper ly Dara rej oi c e

EXE RCISE 12

( 11 ) Tr a n s l a t e i n to E n g l i s h

N om e d i m an i a a i e t i on Ofon ka m a on ar kc e t i i n i . y s n k ny , b y j , k

- r Tim k e o m m a n cke m e S op is an m m an ot o d o e sim n s urj i ka j . p p nkp k ket i d . K a i s o e di e c n d t b c n d om o. Nn am e mi n d i n a m fi e ti se n n e d k e hc fi okuk M e n a o kut d c e t c ofon . Ed ie ke m m un a m ke ofon n i p . kp m n n o fi e d ie k a m a di n am k c i em fo m a e t i e us c d e Dom o n d b k , J s Chri st ok okpon i kp okt de m e si e on o n nyin kc Edi san a Euch ari st m m an o n i n i n e nc en e n tc o uwa eke o dord e n dida n n o a i ko y y y nkp Ab s , n m m an e n ye edi akokan e ti ud ta on o n n yi n n did a m bok uwem ukp on k asi i si mke i e Ek edi m . n n yi n . Ed im e dcp is oq e ycb i t . O top p p s n p m m ckpcp m kp ofi ok .

(b) Put i n Efilt

l f w e o ou Eat i a ou ma a e you er h on es t I would em pl y y . th s th t y y h v i n t he m oon ? If ou had life . Wh a t would you d o if you we re y a u i e a u i n t he e m ou wou a e as e t he e m in a i on . st d d h rd d r g t r , y ld h v p s d x t B u a o we I f ou are oo ou a en s y go d p en i n ord e r to wri te ll . y g d y r p r t wi e oi ce ll r j .

( 0) Wr i t e ﬁ v e E ﬁ k s en t e n ce s c on ta i n i n g p ur p os e cl a us e s a n d

ﬁ v e oth e r s c on ta i n i n g c on d i ti on a l cl a us e s . CHAPTER 15

Q U E S TI O NS

e are u e d t o i n o uce ue . on s l nt e rro gativc words l ik e th e s s tr d q st .

A n ie m m e - a n ic who , e ke a n ic wh o se n so what didic how n so i n i wh a t tim e i ni e we o r cfe when i kafa n how ofte n mm an where oto m m on whence aka m m an whither

e n e - e whe re i s he y ,

' E ny e — e ca n stan d by i ts elf or a t t he e n d o f a s e n te n ce t hat has a w n o i n t err og tiv e ord .

When n o i nt er roga t i vc wo rd i s us e d t he o rd in ary q ue st i on i s just i e a a e me n n o na i on i s t h e o n i i n ui hi n m a The l k st t t . I t t ly d st g s g rk . forei g n e r c an av o i d t he a mb iq ui ty th a t wi ll b e c o n s eq uen t upon “ ” “ ” b ad i n ton ation by usi n g Nte or Ndi b e fo re t he s e n t e nce .

e . g . Nt e Paul edi e t i o wo? I s i t th at Paul i s a g ood m an ? Nd i n wed e nye mi ke oy om ? Is i t th at thi s i s t he bo ok y ou wan t?

V o c a b u l a r y

P e Pri n O o c ie f m os ui t oe im e r ss , t b n h , p pl , q ,

can e. c i en U om can oe fa ne h ldr , b , t ss t o pl an t Ifan how m a ny Ib at s um s Ut o i n e Ufo nwed c oo k d , typ k s h l Eb e n p ear M otor eny on a e roplan e Ud uk i kot s nake Aﬁa owo wh i te m an EXERCISE 13 a ( ) Tr a n s l a t e i n to E n g l i s h a n d g i v e th e a n s w e r s i n E d i t . ? Ns o n tom k c an am Did ie kc e mi t] n wed? ? An i e cd i ob on ob io mb ufo Nte afo amam a mkpri n dit o? Oy om n di ka m m en?

3 n e . Indirect Command: (Pr o)n oun P . Ve r b t (Pr o)n oun

n y e n e ) v e r b ob j e c t . “ “ Yak can b e us e d i nst ead of the (Pro )n oun b ut where y ak i s " ” used nycn e i s l eft out V oca b u l a r y 1 1

Ve r b m a t h e a c t i on of t he v e r b i s c om l e t e . p n li k t h a t t r e s o , e a k r l o om h a r l o t pa a , EXERCISE 14 Tr a n s l a t e i n t o E n g l i s h

En e an am n te i m a i m ofon i m a M k c ma n did i o o m me e c s y , p n y k , o n e au eke d oh o t c i e n a m urom oro M m o e e l i et c owo j h y P l e y , k g i ki n oh o m i m o udia O kob u a a a m m e afo am a a na m u t e , p b n t ,

Tr a n s l a t e i n t o E ﬁ k

He ai h i n he o h i e o s d e was t s ch o l a t t e t m , D n ot ask m e wheth e r now ou n am e e e i s n o us e a i n ou o e G od I k y r , Th r s y g y l v , He ai he was ea n e Do o u in h c ar s d l r d , y th k e can drive a ?

CHAPTER 17 THE VERBS “DA AND KAMA “ ” I Do u e i n . : Its real m e a n i n gs are stan d or t ak e . It i s howe ver s d a n appl ie d s cnce with a sh a d e of t he secon d m ean i n g t o m ean ” “ " “ " “ ” use How Em o e a , , pl y , L d a Use : e l Ed a a a e t uak ofo ( ) . g ( ) akp r n Loom s are use d fo r weavi n g c l oth ( 2) Eda i ﬁ ok e m en n n n n n n Pe ople use i n te llige n ce i n carryi ng logs (3 ) Ed a ukpa e tun ubom Ukpa (tree ) i s use d fo r m aki ng can oes

Use i n t he e en e n ce are i ffe en e i n i thr e s t s d r tly us d , ( ) It d esig nat e s a n i n um en a cau e t i i t e i na e an efﬁci e n cau e i i str t l s . ( ) d s g t s t s ( i ) i t e i na e a m a e i a cau e d s g t s t r l s .

nso w m ean ( b) ho , by wh at s c Ad a n so ofiok tc e e d otk g. e P t r i c ‘ How do y o u k now that Pe te r i s unworthy ' ' A n am didi c ofi ok? Ho w d o you k n ow? ASaI a i io O ak J d d fi ? t , s ) 3 ) Q 7 ,

C ( ) utom em pl oy ,

e . O wo i a a n i kc u o . g d h ufa m t m M y fri en d i s n ot em pl oye d KELEY

Da usun Nn an i kem ekc a d id a n n an us un The bli nd can not l ead the bli n d

“ ” “ ” The i m a m ean i n of am a is b old can owe e pr ry g k . It . h v r , b e

e m o e t o m ea n wa c . e O oho i b ct i na o o pl y d t h . g. y n h p e tc y e eka n d i tim nk a m a n dit o m m o The fourth co mm an dm en t of G od bi n d s paren ts t o t ak e proper care of the i r c hi ldren

APPENDIXES

N Nehede ai en out an d Ti m l . ehede and Tim : (str ght ) (pack) are often us e d with ve rbs t o sh ow si n ce ri ty i n perform i n g the ac tion of t he verb . c Ti m e g. n am utom fo . Do your work earn stly Ti m k cm n i o a e o e c a e of ou c i e n p c d t fo . T k pr p r r y r h ldr Nehcd e k e se etcm cde ﬁ u w a ou are au o er p p , St dy h t y t ght pr p ly

Eke e ne hede a m a Abasi c ycd u kc i d ara . He who love s G od well wi ll b e h appy 2 “ . Tie : The verb Ti c i s o ft e n use d to have t he i di om atic mean i ng " " “ re se mble or see m ’ e . o n c ti n t e c te aul o n e em e au fa e g . J h c P J h r s bl s P l s th r m i a m ot i e t e e of m e A n ti ehe n tc m bo n ckcn . I n l k h r st n Eti e n te em a e n o m b ufo i b or o n d om o It see m s y our exam i nation r esults are out

“ ” The au i i a e K am has no m ea n in wi ou ano 3 . Kain : x l ry v rb g th t W en i t w an t h e r ve rb . h use d with a no th e r ve rb sh o s or d em ds u nfai li ng perfo rman ce of t he ac ti on of t he verb

m a n om e c e ck kut o o . ou u t e ee o c g . M b ufo e kam o kp owo Y s h v s s rps Nnyi n ikam i n on o n di t o ub ue ne un wam We gen erally give h elp t o p o or chi ldre n

“ ” " " 4 K o w c m ean s ea can a o m ean a e or fee , Kop : p h i h h r , ls h v l

a di n a a 6 a e i t for ou Re eem e . o om a a n e . K m g p b b n y n , H v p y y r d r i n i e a us Mm a nkop t h e p k c e si t i k ot oro . I felt cold s d th t b h Ndik am a an am m i kc i n i nkokopde nt c m m an od ukd e ubom I wa s afraid wh en I fe lt wate r e n t eri n g t he can oe Nte afo om okop ut eb e ob ukpo nk p o? Can you sm ell somethi ng d ead?

5 On i o and n a n B o e ec i e m ean a or on b ut e . n A y : th r sp t v ly t ll l g th y ar t r an a le e n ot i n c ch g b . o o as a e an d s o oe n ot a e a e n i n (i s tall) i s us e d v rb d s t k v rb , “ n ot even the verb t o b e f c g . Peter on i on n t c etc esi e Pe ter i s a s t all as his ath e r _ 3 6

i a a Anyan : Th is i s e s se n t a l ly a n dj ec tive an d b eh ves as s uc h . “ ” I t h as to qual ify s om e n oun wh e n use d ex ce pt i t m ean s fa r

k . a m n ot n far e . g . N aha a nya n I goi g Pete r ed i any an (wron g) Pe t e r e d i an yan o wo (correct) Pe te r i s a t all m a n N omkc n di sa a an an u u oro d o n ot wan t o a e t h n wa y n y s n . I t t k e lo g y

" 6 on a d e am a . Okpon and Akamb a : Okp n k b a r c e xactly t he s am e “ as on i o an d an an i n a e n i 5 The am e r u e a t o em n y pp d x , s l s pply th ‘ ’ ‘ ’ e ce a Ak am b a has n ot t he e ce ion a a n an ha s The x pt th t x pt th t y . “ " am e fo r om uh o an d i i o s b . “ ” Ak a n use d wi th adj ect i ve s t o form t he c ompcrat i vc d e gree i s a “ ” e a n d s o oe n o t a e t h e e to b e v rb d s t k v rb . di n a n x ed i a a n Not ! e okpo k a Y or k Y . b ut ! okpon akan Y

or ! akan Y . “ 7 T l l) a nd DOHO : Ti n m ean s te ll a n d m ay not b e use d t o " ” an a e s a Do o m ea n sa b ut i t i s n ot as i i as t i tr sl t y h s y r g d n . It “ ” i b e use t o an a e e a i c an s o m e t m e s d tr sl t t l l th t i s m ld . “ e wi t he e ﬁ e d i " i s e e n ia a a i 8 . Ndi and Edi : A v rb th pr x ss t lly p rt “ ” ci l e i n i n . Nd i m a e a e i nc i a an i n ﬁn i i e b ut i s p . g k s v rb pr p lly t v as a e a i ci e T i o i occa si o n a lly used l oos p rt pl . h s p ss bly resulte d from e e n e car l ss ss .

e e are t wo fo m s o f t he e fe c 9 . Eke and Ama : Th r r p r t wi th o ut h ave i s u e whe n t he e fi ni e a i s i n ue i n E K E s d d t p st q st o . The ac ti on a e een co m e e an d fi n i e wi I n the E m ust h v b pl t d sh d th . fik l ang uage thi s see m s to i mply a sec re t i m plici t m ean i n g lik e t hi s " i fo m a i on b e a i fie wit h i t an d o Take thi s n r t , s t s d d n ot expec t ” an m o e f om m e i i s e a e if e e i n ten e an y r r . Th s v ry r r ly , v r , d d by y i body usi n g this te n se . It i s ve ry pol t e and has t o b e use d t o

a e ﬁni e . e c u e e s f om h e xpre ss t he p st d t It x l d s Oth r r t e ae t i on . Am a sh ows that t he i n form ati on gi ven i s n ot c om ple te an d that e e i s a oo i o i i on to i e m o e i f e ui e th r g d d sp s t g v r r q r d .

It stat e s t he i n d e fin it e p ast . " A verb wi th the pre fix eke c an t ake d c as i ts s ufii x i n t he “ ” sen te nce b ut a m a doe s n ot adm i t o f thi s Tha t is t he t en se of t he verb i n an adj ecti val cl aus e i ntrod uce d by a rel ative pronoun i n efin i e m ay not b e d t .

a m e an c ew i s use t o an a e eat w en Dia and Ta : T s h . It d tr sl t h n i m a n me i e e u e tc. i m e an s a n t he o bj ec t i s s o th g l k t , ts D a e t whe e at d oes not m e an ch ew eve n i f t he thi ng or food ea ten i s m as

i O n e cann ot u for t he e t her . t gat ed . s pply n m o o aw aw so o o etc w on Ta udi a, ebe , b r , p p , k r . ( r g)

Dia 3 ) a, n (COTTCCI) nam i ak i i m a a a i o karika etc w on Di a u , y , s p b k r , b n, n ( r g) Ta ( correct) GEN ERAL EXERCISES

Tr a n s l a te e x e r c i s e 2 (b ) p a g e 2 . Tr a n s l a te i n t o E n g l i s h

Edi wak m e e d u ke o i o l b i b i o. a m m o ed i u wa e k a n e e br b Uh k , k . n' k r

b e e a an e o m a ulce - e M n e e e s i m e e . m e t e , kp , b , kp , b k , r d , br m bre n k e r k e o n e i u e eb e e m i e es i b red nkp t s a e di p m i e ke b ed e e s o mo . K e ot u m i e d ud e i a a e m i n a fo t m on e i nke n i o a i e e . U t o b d h , b k d Ab s br e o ro ed i e o e k e o on e . Nt a e d i e m i . Owo ike m e ke n d i kp , p , b . br k n lt e m o n t re n di b i at m e K uk e a i o bua a m b t A ba s i . p pru sa n ye i d k uwa m mean d i b re m m o i n ut i a kke m e ke an ake e o , y ] y bo n m ib u k w m e d u ke i fure l k i naha e n i k o wo a an m m e m e n o i e t . p y b e e hr br d om k e m i e n e m m i m aha Owo eke e n e n ed e i m a e uke m e n d i b an a a n y , y , y b , o w e ke mm tm aha e b e a ka m b ub e he es o o o o o i e . Ndi t et e eb r i s e n s , , i d t n a owo m mi n i m e ke i an e an e k o i n u i akke m m a e sar a t k y b b p . y q y j k e e mem e b e e ka m b ub ehe mm a? An te e n ye n e un e n n dib i ono owo efe n n d is a na k e us un e m i a n ad e on o kp ukpru o wo?

Tr a n s l a t e i n to E nk

e the clim a e i ! o ? s S e , t s cha ng in g . Do y u n oti ce t h a t Ye i t is the ,

a ma an . The an d us a i r i s w a I a e E e r t i n ec om e h r tt dry d ty h t h t . v y h g b s a nd u e ve n t he um a n o ie B ea i n i s un e a an dry d sty . h b d s . r th g pl s t . T he m o rn i n gs a re Very cold — s om e peo pl e e sp ec i ally old me n an d wom e n

d o n ot i e t o i n wa e . a i s e caus e i t ts co B ut i n s it e l k dr k t r Th t b ld . p f t he co wa e i w a n o n t he eam i s m i t i s e wa m an d ea a . ld , t r str r , v ry r pl s t C i en who m a na e t o et t o t he am e n o a wa m a t B ut h ldr g g stre j y r b h . e i e a ai n wi the c o a s oon a s e co m e o ut e e th y sh v r g th ld s th y . Th r u e t o b e ﬁ e i n c ou d o n m ean i n i e t he ou e s d r s om p n ds . I ot s d h s u n a h e wa e m e b t e t e s m a a e n . e e o e u e t o m e r l l g rd s Th r p pl s d r th s lv s .

Th e y l ove d t o s i t or sta n d aro und i t e arly i n t he m orn i n g . Did e t y ou ev r s ee a pe rs o n t urn i ng his face , bac k an d hu b s id e s to he

ﬁ re? e e c e i n c os i t i cu t om is in out . Th y str t h th r h a ds a r s . Th s s dy g

d W i e a a e o r t wo on i d a i n a u a i o n ( ) r t p g ( ) A y b sh st t .

ii M ﬁ e i en ce s i n Af i ca ( ) y rst a n d m e m orabl e exp r r .

VOCAB UL ARY EXERCISES If a pe rs on d ec id e s t o lear n a foreign l anguage i t is taken for gran t ed that he wi shes to un d erst an d t he users of t h a t l an guage wh en the y spe ak and im e i f e e aim s ca n on b e h s lf use i t t o c omm un ic ate h m s el . Th s ly achi eved if t he stude n t acq ui re s suffi c ie n t vocabul ary an d un d e rst an d s t he i diom s an d usage s i n t he l an guage a n d i s fam iliar with i ts struc t ur e and max a en e a e wi t a ” . The fo llowi ng vocabul ary e xer c ises h ve be pr p r d h vie w t o acquai n ti n g t he for e ig n st ud en t with t hes e i m por t an t el em en t s i n t he n t he a of t he u en Efik lan guage with out any consci ous effor t o p rt st d t . B y th e t im e a st ud e n t fi n ish e s t he fift y- hy e ex e rc is e s he sha l l h ave a an w o an d n o r o n a b ut a o e i s n l e r n e d m o re th 4 000 rds, ly th t ls th r y i u se O n c e he k n o w e e wo r he wou d a d y t act ic a n d i d i o m at c s . s th s ds l h r l a ai n as on a s h e ies t o use t he an ua e S i nce e ver fo rge t th e m g l g tr l g g , h e has th e m i n th e i r pro pe r c o n t e xt s a n d i n t h e i r gra m m ati c a l str ue an ua e as t he n at i e S ea e oe s H u e t he . ture . e s s l g g v p k r d Each of t he voca b ul ary e x erc i s e s h as about t we n ty sh o rt e xpress i on s i n co mm on us e i n a c ol um n a n d th e i r En gl i sh e q ui va le n ts i n an o the r c o um l n .

i s w a ou do Ge t a i ece of t hic a e an d w i i t This h t y . p k p p r th ne o f t he t wo c o um n e fe a t he c o um n of Efik e e i on c ove r o l s pr r bly l x pr ss s . a he o e co um n o f a e e cise e n t o ie w L oo at t he Le ve t th r l th t x r Op v . k r i of t he u nco e e co um n a n d ue w a fi rst e xp ess on v r d l g ss h t i t m e an s . Vocal ise y our gues s a n d t he n slid e d ow n y our c o ve ri ng c a rd j ust t e c e d i e t fa r e n ough t o revea l h orr spo n i ng expressi o n . t do s n o m att e r w ou ue s i s i or w o n If i t i s i a on t o h h eth e r y r g s r ght r g , r ght p ss t e i n l f w o n m ak e an ! on a i e o f a e a nd s n e xt e xpress o . r g p ce p p r p as o n Wh en ou fi n i t he a e re s ion i n t he e e ci e t he n um e of . y sh l st xp s x r s b r ou a e wi ow h ow m an m i s a e ou m a e oe n o t ! , y h v ll sh y t k s y d . It d s e e are m an o r fe w Ke e e ea i t he e m att e r whe th r th y y . p r p t n g xerc ise i n th i s m an ne r un ti l y ou can g e t thro ugh i t t wo c o n sec utive ti m e s wi thout en and on e n ou o o on t o t h an y mi stak e . Th ly th sh ld y u g e n ext e ci e e x r s . The v ocab ul ary e xe rci s e s are on t ap e an d i s stron gly rec o m me nd e d n U i n t he a e i e t ac uai n ou w t o t he se rious stud e t . s g t p w ll h lp o q t y ith

i on un c ia i o n a nd i n on a i o n i i s w a o u d o . Fo ow t h r ght pr t t t . Th s h t y ll e

i n uc ion ecee i n V E. v iz . str t pr d g . I , ( a) Li ste n t o t he e xpressio n an n oun ced ( b) I n t he pause tha t fol lows s ay what y ou thi n k i t m ean s in En ghs h (c ) Li sten t o t h e c o rrec t ve rsion give n on the tape

ca e of V E . I A V E. 5 A i i s w at ou I n the s . . 5 th s h y d o ( a) Li ste n t o the En glish expre ssi on gi ve n on tape (b) S ay i n Eﬁk what y o u t hi n k i t m eans (0) Li s te n to t he co rrec t Eﬁk versi on Re ea ai (d) p t i t f thfully .

B I t i s r o t l N. . p ﬁ a b e to p ut on y our t a p e r e c or d e r w h i l e y ou a r e s h a v i n a r r a n i n th i n i n o u g , g g g s y r r oom , s e a r c h i n g for om e t h i n or a t t s g a n y o h e r t i m e y ou a r e a b out i n th e r oom . R e p e a t th e p l a y b a c k s e v e r a l t i m e s d a i l y a n d y ou w i l l s oon b e i n t o us e t h e l a n ua h g g g e w i t c on ﬁ d e n c e .

. 2 T N B . h e w h ol e of thi s c our s e i n c l ud i n g t h e e x e r c i s e s i s n l a n i n tr od u ti u w i l l o y c on t o y our s t ud y of th e l a n g ua g e . Yo e i n th e r r b g e a l s tud y on l y w h e n y ou g o ou t i n to t h e s t e e t s , om e s oﬂi c es m ts or t o h , , a r k e , s h op s a n d g a t h e r i n g s t o c on v e r s e d o y our b us i n e s s i n th e E h k l a n g ua g e wi th out a n i n t e r p r e t e r . V . E . 1 Eke t e di d ie ? Wha t i s y our n ame? Oy om A n ie? Whom d o y ou wan t ? Ewe ke am a ak an? Whi c h d o you prefer? En e m i o on a an T i o n e i s i e y kp k h s b gg r . Duk di Com e i n . . B et t ut u ud ua efe n W ai t ti ll n ext wee k ? Ete fo od u m m orJ Whe re i s your fath er? ' i e o Don ut i k un m en . t e e y d t p th r . S i n ke e ke be Put i t i n a b ox M um s on ub ok Hold i t ﬁr m S in en ye ke ufuot Put i t i n t he m iddl e Oy om i farj ? How m an y do you wan t ? Domo ut uen e i k an Li ght a l a m p S osop di Co m e quic kly ’ K u e n i a Don t fai t o o tr d k l g . Tin i o wan i n wag Sp eak plai n ly d or e n n om i e n on an e an E j ye t He s s t rr d . Dep e ke eye de B uy a b eauti ful one ’ K ufre se n t inde Do n t forge t wh at I say O1 m m o k e e a i n a b a D ) kp t Put them g .

V . E . 2 K ot nwed s op i d e m Read fast Ni m ke i tie esi e Put i t i n i ts pla ce K p ohod e us uq n o en y e U n lock t he d oor for hi m B e red e us uq n o m i O pe n t he d oo r for m e E n ye i n y en e k e udi a He has n o food Ofon ke usen ub ok It i s g oo d i n t he m orn in g a di h a a mi No n o n ow B ba i e i d h e , t ’ K uyak e n y e eft e Don t let hi m forge t Iﬁ okke nwed n di kot He can no t read Iﬁ okk e n d iwewet nko He can n ot writ e ei ther De me n o w m o Sh are i t for them No m i ukpoh ode n n i m Give m e t he k e y t o k ee p Nwed n d o m o ki e t i d uhe There i s n o boo k t h ere Ek o t 1]p oko didi e What i s t h at thi n g called Idihe en ye m i k e n d oh o I d o n ot m ean thi s o n e An yan oro odu mm an? Wh er e i s t he l on g on e? Sese n dodob i oro m i H ere i s t he heavy on e B et k ana k e e t ehe Wait a t t he ve ran d ah K or) ke e ny ot] Ha ng i t up Si n ke a fn or Put i t i n t he cen tre

V. E . 3

Dori ke e ny on Put i t on t he t op Si n ke i d a k Put i t un de r neath No yin iyomke en ye ab a We d o n ot wa nt him an ym ore E nye m i ada t ak a h a Th i s on e i s to o ripe Da ufuk eyo s ok e n ye Tak e a n u mbre ll a t o him D ot) k pukpr u ke ufok Put all i n t he house M m o e mam a e sen o wo Th e y l i ke stran ge rs En ye i m a ha n di t o esi e He d oes n o t l ove hi s children K a n tom ke e ti i n i G o t o work i n time B e re d e n im i h wah L ea ve i t o pe n B o m i d ep m ﬁ n B uy from m e t od ay S at s e i fan d e s iono So rt o ut the g ood ones K uduok uk p oh ore oro Do n ot l ose t he key Okpokoro uwe t n kp o A wri ti ng t able Ni m kp ukp ru m bet Abasi K ee p a ll t he co mm and me n ts of God K ub aha d e m m o Do not Spli t th e m Eyeka n oro m kpot) It will b e m ore t om orrow Abas i i ya kk e G od forbi d En ye ed i owo n s u He i s a l i a r Afo edi etin ak pani k o You ar e a truthful pe rson

V . E . 4

S ana ke ub ok uﬁe n Wa lk o n the left K an ke ub ok n n asi a H ang on t he right B et e n ye edi Wai t for him t o come Nn yen eke o kuk ab a I have no m ore m on e y Fi ak ka i d aha em i G o bac k n ow W or o d o i n i k i e t Go out at o n ce Ike m ke i ha t Th e y are n e t e n ough Aya k i b a n d i ke m Th ere a re t wo re m ai n i ng On i on ak an ﬁ He i s tall e r than you Ab i aij a i dem fo You are d eceivin g yourse lf Di m b em i so owed e tre Co m e be fore s ch ool c lose s Enyam s ok or o ke m oi )? Whe re are oran ges sold? A n yam di d ie b i a? How much d o y ou sell yams? l Eben edi i fni] ke t ro? How m a ny pears for 3 d Yak en y e ed ep shi ll i n g L et hi m pay 11 for i t Am i n yom n di dep ke s isi I wa n t t o pay 6d Utuen e ik arj m m o ke ufok There i s a lamp at home Nnya i n wum ke i d ah a e m i This is n o season for garde n eggs I b okpot i d at ke kana M aiz e i s n ot ri pe yet Ed a i wa enam garri G arri i s m ade from c assava

V . E . 5

Eda i b okpot en am ogi Ogi i s m ad e from c orn Enyam a k ara i b a ke pen ny Akara i s s o ld t wo for a pen ny K ub ere ke i b i b ene Do n ot l ean on t he wall K a ke ye t ub ok G o and wash y our h an ds No m i e di n w orj m m orJ Gi ve m e dri n kin g wate r Ikar) akata eye n e si e Her chi ld had a bur n

’ K uwa t os op n t re Don t d ri ve s o fast Wa t amana os op e si t Drive a b i t faste r S i n e kpri k ana Put a l i ttle on e ye t Uy om okpon m i ak ah a Th e re i s t oo m uch n oice he re Ob o ufe n akaha She i s suffe ri n g t oo m uc h M w o m b ib a e d un m i B oth of the m a re l ivi n g h ere ? M b ufo ekere did ie? Wha t d o you thi nk ? ? En ye e kere d i di e What i s hi s nam e On i on ak an eka e si e She i s talle r than her m other Nehede s e Look well Edi i n i onke n t e et e e si e B ut s he is n ot a s ta ll as her father Ekpedi em ese m e m kpokut If y ou repen ted I would k now O m uh o e t i - e ti It i s ve ry s hort Awak n di sana i kp ai ] He often walks alone

V . E . 8

Okpon abara He i s extre m e ly fat Asana ke uk o t ye ub ok He walks on han d s and fee t As arj a s un- sun He walks slowly ’ K usans i kp an Do n t wa lk al o n e Ti en e e n ye ka G o with him M b ok usun e mi aka m m oq ? Pl ease where d oes thi s ro ad lead t o? Nyom n d i ka Ik ot Ekpene I wan t t o g o to Ik ot Ekpen e M b ok tem e m i us urJ Pl ea se give m e d i rec ti on s B e t es es it Wai t a whi le Yak nwut fi us ur) L e t m e sh ow yo u t he way Am a e si m nkam ba USU!) When you get to t he m ai n road Duk ub ok ufie n Turn le ft S ana tut u esi m i nuk us ury Wa lk till you reac h a corne r B e i n uk or o Pass that corn e r Eyekut akamb a ufok Yo u wi ll s ee a b ig house Sana b e Wa l k pa ss i t Eyedis i m akamb a eto Yo u wi ll come t o a b ig tree Ub ok ufien Left h an d Usun i b a e du d o Th e re are two r oa ds the re K i e t ak a n n asia On e goes t o right

V . 9

En ye ken aka uhen The othe r goes left

Duk emi akade uﬁe n Ta ke t he on e g oi ng left

Eyed a ﬁ ekesi m e kpri obio ki et It wi ll bri n g y o u t o a littl e vi llage

Idihe Ik ot Ufen edi ' or o That i s n ot Ik ot Ufen

Am ab e obi o oro Wh en you pass th at vi llage Eye si m e kpri obio e fe n You wi ll r each an oth er s m a ll t own B e e n y e or o nk o Pass tha t als o Oy oh o obi o i t a edi Ik ot Ufen The t hi rd vi llag e i s Ik ot Ufe n Edi m ob on e ka m i The rai n has s oak e d m y m oth e r Ob on n t re kpukpr u i n i He sh outs l i ke th at a lways fan i en com e e e U d i m i i se Fr d . h r M b ok od un m i? Ple ase a r e you li vi n g h e re ? l ? d Od ll j ke m m oi j n d ie n Whe re th en o y ou l i ve . Om odi ono e te r Ok on ? Do you k n ow e te r Okon ? P ' P B a a n d i or oke e n e No on n ow hi m b j y . I d t k A n yan o wo n t em A t all m an l i k e this Aﬁa es is it He i s a b i t fai r i n com plexi on Nwe n e si e e k et e Akon Hi s wife i s called Akon Ebiet m m di oq o ey e n It s eem s I k n o w hi m B o ye n e n di t o i ba n i b a He has t wo d aughte rs B a a en en e e en e en owo i e No he ha s on e son b y y d k t ,

1 0

O h! od oh o Pe e E e O on 0 ou m ean et E e O n t r d t k . y P er d t k o En y e ke n y o m He is t he pers on I wan t Di n kowut ﬁ ufok esi e Com e le t m e show you hi s h ouse O dun ekpe re n n y i n He live s n e ar us ’ K ukp a n d idi Don t both e r com i ng ' Te m e m i US : IJ G i ve m e di recti on s Ofon b e k a i o i s o Alright g o forward Am ake s im ufok n wed When y ou reach a s chool B up o wo d o Ask s o m eon e there Eyewut ﬁ ufok mm o You will b e s hown thei r h ouse S os og o e ti - et i Th an k you ve ry m uc h K uke re Neve r m i n d Eh efe he ak a mm or ? Eh w e e are ou un ni n ? , ) , h r y r g t o Yak n di k ana Wai t till I come Nkak a n ditob o owo et op I wan t t o give a m e ss age Nyom n did ot) owo ut om I wan t t o sen d s om eone on an e rran d IJ kodor] e yen e si e ut om I s e n t his s on on a m ess age No m i ki et G ive m e one No ufan m i k ie t Give o ne to my fri en d ? ? Ifarj osub o i d ah a emi How m an y are left n ow

1 V . E . 1

Ekedi i ti ou okp on Th e y we re ﬁve y esterd a y An am akpan a i t a osub o S o the re should b e three left Ob or) ata owo okon ey o M osqui t oes bi te people at n ight Ohorj obio n nyi n odun mmi O ur c hi ef lives he re Ama ob ob o ki et You recei ved on e already K i e t okob o b om o O n e was brok en Osus u You a re t e lli n g a li e Nti i] a kpanik o I am t e ll i n g t he truth ’ Ni m ke se afo Cl llj dc I d o n t b el i eve y ou ’ M m un i ke kp oq Please yoursel f if you d on t be lieve Nsa na d id ie okp on e n ye How can I leave i t Oyom n d inam d id i e n d i en What th en do y o u wan t to d o Yak n y om ke e kpat ofor) fo L e t me search for i t i n your p ock e t Ebr e m bre You are j okin g ’ Uk emeke n dis in ub ok ke e kpa t You can t p ut y our h a n d i n to ofon mi m y pock e t N esi n ke a ma e e m umaha wi whe e ou i e i t or n ot y d y I ll , th r y l k S e e n ye mi Here i t is Idihe eben oro edi e mi This i s n ot t he pear K am s e J ust look O top e si n ke i k ot He has thrown i t i n to t he bus h K a i n i ki e t G0 at once

V E . 1 2

S os op k osi o en ye di G o quickly and bri n g i t o ut M b ok ud ua ekpet e m i? Please i s th er e a m arke t n ea r th is pl ace? Ud ua oyom usuq eti et i The m arke t i s very far away B oye ne e bi e t e nyamde nkp o mi The re i s a place he re where th in gs ar e sold Duk efak en ye ko En te r tha t Othe r stree t Eyekut ufok ud ua do You wi ll s ee a s tore the re Nso ke anyam d o ? What thi ngs are so ld th ere ? Enyam ediwak n kp o M any thi ngs are s old Eyekut se oyoyo m d o You wi ll fin d wha t you wa nt there Ti an iyak do The re i s c ann e d fi sh Ob u ye i nun d o Crayfis h a n d salt are the re Iya k ye o b u ediwak Fi sh an d c rayfish are plen tiful Us an ye ikparj do nko The re are plate s an d spoons t oo Ns i o nsi o m ft l ed u nko Di vers frui ts are th e re t oo En yam i n urJ ke e kpat Salt i s sold i n bags Nyom a kp ak aha ob or] I wa n t a cane chair Ub on awa k ke i h wa ri Gaurds are m an y i n t he farm ’ Nyom ub on obio Abas i I wa n t God s k i n gd om E kp oroko i wa kke eti S tockfis h is n ot ve ry pl en tiful Nd e k n to k ou edu Th ere i s fresh peppe r Tom ato eke ti an ikpor) odu Th ere i s on ly ti n ne d t omatoe ’ M ah a eke tian I d on t l i k e t he can ne d on e

V . E . 1 8 ’ Nso i nam m mumaha? Why d on t you li ke i t? Udia atian i si nemke Can ned food i s not swee t Will you b uy mi lk th ere? M eat i s ch ea p there Fowl i s v e ry costly ’ on wan fo w wan cas a a I d t t l , I t s v I wan t t o b uy vegeta bles Th e re i s n o ci ga re tte here The re i s n o n ewspape r e ithe r O n e ﬁn ds n m hi ng he re t o b uy Where has your fat h e r gone to? He wen t to t he farm He wen t t o work Wh at work d oe s he do ? You wi ll accom pan y them to sch ool I wa n t t o b e a ﬁshe rman I wan t t o b uy a can oe A bi cyc le i s be tter It i s n ot be tte r t han a car If yo u l ik e

. 4 V E . 1 ’ If you don t like leave i t You wi ll see him at home He i s i n t he worksho p He wa lks i n the m i dd le o f the road He si ts at the si de of t he road He reclin e s at t he foot of a tree He i s i n side t he house He j um ps i nto a pit Li ght a lam p Put i t i n t he palour I wan t t o b e a trade r S choo l fee s How m uch m oney for fee d in g? ’ Don t b e an gry ’ Don t follow him ' Don t m i n d what he i s d oi ng ’ Don t b e afraid ’ Don t bea r that in mi n d Take an y one you like Do you wan t one or two?

V . E . 1 5

Do you wan t thi s or t he othe r G ive hi m both Share equally It i s alm ost ti me He has n ot arrived yet ’ I n i ike mke k arJa i t i s n t t im e y e t Ay ak esis i t It r e m a i n s a l i ttl e l fon ke o di h am n t re I t i s n or go od t o d o s o Edi b e ke e d e m He hid es be hi n d Da ke ed e m k arj a Wai t ye t a t t he back No mi esi n e ufuot Give m e t he on e i n the m iddl e Oy om m ot o r ot o ﬁ? Do y o u wa n t - a car t o k noc k you d o wn ? Da ha k e us ui] L e av e t he way Ama n di ra n nam He l i k e s t o ea t m ea t Iy omke e de s i He d o e s n o t w an t ri ce En wan u nam ke i k at M e at i s dri e d i n a bask e t Ot0t i y a k ke eto He p uts ﬁ sh o n st i cks

Owo i t ukke i kpa uk or e s i e Hi s shoe s a re n ot . po l ish e d S e n t e m m o e d ehe de S e e h ow di rty th e y are k Ekpri u p oh ode A s m al l l oc k .

V . 1 6 Akpasa soko ro A bask e t of o ra n ge s Ad an mm an sar) Groun d n ut oi l Nyo m n d i ta i b okpot ye ebe n I w an t to e at m ai z e an d pea r Tuep o kpon m i I t i s ve ry cold h ere Eyo oﬁop akaha The s un i s t oo ho t Ni m e n ye ke m be n Put i t at t he e dg e We t m m o i e k i e W i e e m o n e o ne , k t t r t th by Ti m d unode e n y e Ex am i n e i t pr ope rly S e se eke mede n d in am S ee wha t y ou c an d o Nam n te afo am ad e Do a s yo u l ik e K par] ut or] n o en y e L ist e n t o him K pan ut oq kop s e e n ye e ti nde L i ste n t o wh at he i s sayi n g Em eb re m bre ak a ha Yo u pl a y t oo m uc h ’ Ukpepke nkp o e k e m You d o n t St udy en ough Ow or o an wa kpukp ru usen You g o out e ve ry d ay S uhode t et t e m i S i t d ow n he re Ti e ke ufok m h o St ay at ho m e today K a ket em m bi e t G o an d cut grass Od u ke ot un i k a n It i s i n t he ﬁre pl ace Etem udi a S he i s c oo ki n g

v n . 1 7

Eye t ofon esi e S he i s washi n g her c l oth es Ey e t m m e usan ye i kpar) S he i s washi n g plate s a n d S poons Ekefre e to n wed e sie S he forge t her pen No m mi ude me m i G ive m e m y own sha re Nkani ka e yes op n d i mi a The bell Wi ll s oon ri n g Owor o i m i nho kana? Is i t n o t run g yet ? B aba i mi aha karj a No n ot yet Am a ami a an yan i n i It was r un g a l on g t im e ago Am i n kokopke I did n ot h e ar i t S e ekpet inde ed i o ro Th a t i s wh at yo u sh ould s ay ’ K us on en yi n ye akam b a owo Don t i n s ult a b ig m an Et e m i o kpon aka n fi M y fath e r i s bigge r th an you Edi a m i n s ono en ye B ut I a m o ld e r En ye e n ye n e od ud u ak an fi He is m ore powerful th an y ou A m i n n i oi) n k a n e ny e I a m t all e r th an he i s Nte am i n n i orj d e n k an fi As I am tall e r th an you In amk e nkp o It d oe s n Ot m atte r ? ’ Ese e te i n am k e nkp o Do y o u thi nk i t d oes n t matter? Ami n k ere n tre I th i n k s o M m efre en yin fo I h ave fo rgott e n your n am e

V . E 0 1 8

Ndifreke ab a I wi ll n ot fo rge t i t an ym ore Wet m bak e ti Write i t s o a s t o rem e m be r Am a e we t e si n ke o we d You wrote i t d own En y e eye tua nkp oﬁ ok S he wi ll re gr e t i t Nd i t uaha nkp oﬁ ok I will n ot regre t i t Yak i s ana ke ubom L e t ! us go by can oe Eyed a i n i akah a I t wi ll t ake t oo m uch t im e K p on t ut u i n i e fch Wai t t ill n e xt t im e Eke re e t e eyed i ? Do you thin k he wi ll com e ? Ofon n d ib et e si sit I t i s g ood t o wai t a l i ttle Ewe ud ua k e e n yam m ho? Wh at m ark e t i s on tod ay ? Eke re e t e eye kem e ? Do y ou thi n k y ou wi ll b e abl e Ns o ke n ke m e o di h am? What ca n I d o ? S e nke med e e di e mi Th is i s wh at I can ’ Ukem eke n d i nam n d o m o nkp o kie t Yo u can t d o a n ythi n g Dom o n ke m e fo Try y o ur best Na m s e e ke m ed e Do what you can Yak ek en n o Abasi L ea ve t he r est t o G od Nse n t e i d i ke m e ke I th in k he Wi ll n ot b e able

V . E . 1 9

Si ori o i d e m fc p Forge t a bout i t ’ K uhn a id e m fo Don t b othe r y ourse lf ’ K uhe r e nye ab a Don t wa i t for her an y m ore I owan esie lfon ke Her farm i s not good Dem ede ke i da p Wak e up from slee p Yak n de es i s i t L e t m e sl ee p a littl e Eyo i s onke k ana It i s n ot late y e t K pukpr u owo e de m ed e Eve rybody i s awake Mm o i t onoke kana Th e y h ave n ot st arted yet T ono n d i ka B egi n t o go S ana sun Fa re well Sana sun s un Walk slowly S io ubok fo fc p Rem ove y our han d Ukp uhode iduhe Th e re i s n o ch ange Ey e kut e t e e d i uk em You Wi ll see th e y a re alik e Aka m b a ukp oh ode o d u Th e r e i s a great diffe re n ce Ey ekut e t e i d ihe uk e m Yo u will s ee th e y are d iffe ren t ’ K uti n i k o a b a Don t speak an y m o re Om os op i n ua akah a Yo u a re too fas t Da hado n o m i Pard on m e

E . 2 V . 0 Ebre m b r He i s pl ay i n g Nti n ak para- ik o I a m spe a ki ng t he t ruth Nn imk e s e e t i nde I d o n o t b el i e ve wh at you s a y E b ehe m i d i d i e ? Wh at i s th at t o m e ? Dia n ti ud ia Eat g oo d foo d Di a udia sun s un Ea t s l owly Nw on e d iwak m m an Dr i n k m uc h wate r Oyo m eke s e m ft l He n e e ds pl e n ty o f fr ui ts Ukp o n te e ben ye s ok o ro Thi n gs l i k e p ea r a n d o r ang es f Ey op m b ak ara o on n k o Pi ne a p pl e i s als o g ood M ho ro i d uhe i d ah a e m i T he re a re n o b anana s n ow Pa w- paw od u ke n d a e yo Pa w - paw e x i sts i n t he d r y s eas on Pi n e apple o nwum k e uk wa ed i m Pi n e a ppl e bears fr ui t i n t he ra i n ny s e a s o n S ana ke mben usun Walk at th e r oa d sid e S ana ke ufu ot v'sun Wa lk on t h e m i ddl e of t he roa d ” l fon ke n d i t ie ke us un I t i s n o t good to s i t on t he r oa d O mo ko p s e i t eb ede ? Do y o u s me ll s om e t h i ng? Ebie t n kp o e m i as a kde It i s l i k e s o meth i ng burn i n g Efop a t ah a ofon A r ag i s burn i n g Efop okp o Rubb e r i s b u rn i n g

V . E . 2 1 ’ Ya k i dah a m i L e t s l eave this pl ace Nkem eke n d i ti e m i ab a I c an St ay he r e n o l on ge r Ika m m an n d ie n ? Wh e r e should we go t h e n Ebi e t e fe n S om e O t h e r pl ace Iti e eke ade d i A n ywh e re U fok o n yi n oy om us un O ur h ous e i s fa r away Ud ua e kpet e m i A m arke t i s n e ar thi s pl ace K ie t am a akpa On e had d i e d Ekedi is ua i b a i n i or o He was t wo y e a rs o ld th en Edi i ti o n i d ah a em i Th ey ar e ﬁ ve n ow Is imke d u0p k ana Not Up t o t e n y e t Eb e i nan It i s p ast four ’ Ekpere n did i i t i okiet It s ne arl y s i x S e e d e m m b ib a Loo k at both sid e s Nso i na oro? Wha t i s ly i n g th ere ?

Ny e ka d o urua efe n I sh all go th e re n ext week Nyet i e ne fi n ka I s h al l go wi th you ’ Nyom ke n s ana I d on t wan t a c o mp an i on ‘ Nkp an e m i nke di d e - e? Wh a t ab OLIt ye s te rd ay wh en I came? Ij kp on e ke d i or o Th a t wa s yes te rd ay M fi n i d i he ukp on Tod ay i s n ot ye sterd ay Ti e ke ufok m fi n St ay at h om e t od ay Afo ak a m man Wh e re a re you g oi n g t o Ij k a n di s e e ka e ka m i I am g oi n g t o s e e my gran d m orhe r Ns o i ti b e i n o e n y e ? Wh at ha s h a ppe ne d t o her? Od od Ono S he i s si ck Ok ot ono h si i n i? Wh en d i d i t start ? Da e n ye k a ufok i b ok Ta k e he r to t he h ospital l ke m ek e n d i s ana S he ca nn ot wa lk O yom e n y e as as ana? DO y o u wa n t he r t o walk ? ’ I s a nak e m ba k n s o ? Why sh o uld n t s he walk? ’ ? U kwe et e e n ye os on? Do n t y o u s ee s he i s Old ? Os on ak an e t e m i Is he Old e r t han my fath er? ’ K ud a e n ye n d om o y e e t e Don t com pare h er t o y our fath er Ntah a? Why?

K pukp ru i n i a ri a Ob up n t a k Yo u are always aski n g why ? M e n e nye k e e n a n ukwa k Carry he r on a bi cyc le ’ Ik an ke i tie ke e n an ukwak S h e can t si t on a bi cy cle K e n t ak us on? O n a ccoun t Of Old a g e? I dihe oro ikp on Not on ly th at Ye n so e fc h Wh at e lse B i on e si n e ok or o Th e re i s h unge r as well O y o m n n o fi udi a? DO you wan t m e t o gi ve you food? Ed ieke e nye n ede If y ou h a ve an y Om ofiok e t e nyen eke Yo u kn ow I h ave n on e l Nt ak Okob upde m i- c Why d id y ou as k m e ? B or o s e n kob upd e fi A n swe r wh at I a ske d y ou ? ? Ns o ke Okob up m i Wh at di d y o u a sk m e Em e fe fre H ave y ou forgo tte n ' Am a Oh op ed i wak m bu i e You ask ed m an y questi on s Ij ka r i fO e di or o That i s your tri ck Y ak m fi ak n t i fi L e t m e rem in d y ou agai n ’ Nkemeke n di ti I c an t rem em be r ' ’ Ya k ke n ye ti Don t m i n d I l l rem e mbe r ’ Ni th e e n y e ab a I d on t rem em b er him anymore

V . 2 6 Om oS Op n d ifr e owo e ti e ti You forg e t p eople easily E nyi n i kp an ke m fre I forge t on ly t he n am e ? Nso ke et i n d i e n Wh a t th e n d o you re m em be r? M eti i so I rem e m ber the face Ye n so ci e n A n d what e ls e K ukah a m i y e m b um e Do no t b Ot her m e wi th q uestion s ? I n am d id l e n d ie n Wh at sh o uld we d o n ow? Ns o nk o? Wh at aga in ? K abana owo ud aq o oro About t he si ck person M e n e n y e b in e d oct o r Tak e her t o t he d oct or Usaq a d id ie n s i m d o Ho w am I t o g et t h e re ’ Uke m e ke n di do ri e n ye k e i t al]? Ca n t y ou carry her on y our sh ould ers A m a k e ed em owob o O n y o ur b ack i f you l ik e m bre St0p j okin g i n i n y o ed i e m i Th i s i s n ot the ti m e fo r j oke s m t o wo n y o? Do y ou call m e a j est er? ’ i ke n t e ed i owo n y o I d o n t say you are a j este r ? d id i e n d i e n Wh at th en d o y ou say? I t e te i n i kebe You s ee t he tim e i s passi n g ’ = he fo edi o ro That s y our l ook out

V . E . 27

n o nko An d y ours a ls o n s o not ? Wh en did y ou come? ” m m - e b e m I cam e l a st y ear E kes i m m i eb ihi di d ie? How l on g i s i t s rn ce you arri ve d h e re ’ Ib i hl ke I t s n ot a lon g t im e ’ Eb i hi e ti - e ti It s a very l o n g t i m e ago M m a n d i ofi og oko I came l ast m on th Ij kekwe fi I d id n ot see you ' K ub op i s o n tr e Don t frown like that Akan am e we 6 asakde i m am I h ave n eve r s ee n y ou l a ugh ’ Ukwe n t e ofon de? Don t you s ee i t i s goo d? l fonk e i m a k ana It i s n ot perfec t ye t Ekpri n do od u ke esi t The re i s a li ttl e d efe c t i n i t Nso i d i or o? Wh at i s th at? Un a m M ea t Nso iki n am e nye ? What h appen ed to hi m ? B kes in ub ak ke i k an He p ut hi s h an d i n to a fi re ’ K uy ak obi om en y e n d o Don t let i t d eform her Od oh o n nam di di e? Wh at d o you wan t m e t o d o?

V . E . 28

k o awak s e ekeme de n dinam The re are m an y thi ngs yo u can do B at m m a i se Nam e them Ufan i d ob e n dib at mm a Th ere i s n o n ee d t o name them Akam b a un an A b i g woun d Om odi oq o m m a kpukpru You k n ow them all 50

V . E . 2 4 Nye ka d o urua efe n ' I sh all go th e re n ext week Nye t i e n e ﬁ n ka I s hal l go wi th y ou ’ Nyom ke n s ana I d on t wan t a c o mp an i on Nkp an e m i nke di d e - e? Wh a t ab out ye s te rd ay wh en I came? Ij kp orj e ke d t oro Th a t wa s yest e rd ay M hu i d i he nkp an Tod ay i s n ot yeste rd ay Ti e ke ufok m ﬁ n St ay at h om e t od ay Afo aka m m a n Wh e r e a re y ou goi n g t o Ij k a a dis e e ka e ka m i I am g ow g t o s ee my gran d m o th e r Ns o i ti b e i n a e n ye ? Wh at h as h a ppe n e d t o her? Od od aq o S h e i s si ck ? Ok ot orj o n s i i n t? Wh en did i t st art Da e n ye k a ufok i b ok Ta k e he r to t he h ospita l l kem e k e n d i s ana S he c a nn ot walk Oyo m e n y e as asana? Do y o u wa n t he r t o walk ? ’ I s a rj ak e m ba k n s o ? Why sh o uld n t s h e wa lk? ’ U kwe et e e n ye Do n t y o u see s he i s old ? ? 08 01] ak an e t e mi Is he old e r t h an m y fath e r? ’ K ud a e n ye n d om o ye et e fo Don t com pare h er t o yo ur Nt ah a? Why?

V E 0 25

K p ukp ru i n i a na ob up n t a k Yo u are always aski n g why ? M en e nye k e e n a n ukwa k Carry he r on a bi cy c le ’ Ik an ke i ti e ke e n an ukwak S h e can t s i t on a bi cy cle K e n tak us an? O n accoun t of old age? I dihe o ro i kp m] Not on ly th at Ye n so e fe n What e ls e B IOI] e si n e ok ar o Th e re i s h unge r as well O y o m n n o fi udi a? Do you wan t m e t o gi ve you food? Ed ieke e nyen ed e If y ou h a ve an y Om ofiok e t e n yen ek e You kn ow I h ave n on e Nt ak Okob upde m i - e ? Why d id y ou as k m e ? B or o s e n kob upde fi A n swe r what I a ske d y ou Ns o ke okob up m i? Wh at di d y o u a sk m e ? Em e fe fre H ave y ou forgo tte n Am a o b up ed i wak m bu a e You asked m an y questi on s IJ ka r i fo e di or o That i s your tri ck Y ak m fi ak n t i fi L e t m e r em in d y ou agai n ’ Nke meke n d i ti I c a n t rem em ber ' ’ Ya k ke n ye ri Don t m i n d I ll rem e mber ’ Nt the e n y e ab a I d o n t rem em ber him a n ymore

V . E . 2 6 Om os op n difre owo e ti e ti You forge t people easily E Dl ] i kp an ke m fre I forge t on ly t he n am e ? Ns o ke e t i n d i e n Wh a t th e n d o you re m e m be r? M eti i so I rem e m be r the face Ye n so e fe n A n d wha t e ls e K uk s h a m i y e m b um e Do not both e r m e wi th q uestion s ? I n am d l d l e n d ie n Wh at sh ould we d o n ow? Ns o nk o? Wh at aga in ? K ab arj a owo ud ono oro About t he sick person M e n e n y e b in e d oct o r Take her t o t he d oct or Ds a rj a d id ie h si m d o Ho w am I t o g et t h e r e ’ Uke m e ke n didor i e n ye ke i t orj ? Can t y ou carry her on yo ur sh ould ers A m a k e ed e m owob o O n y o ur bac k i f you l ike K p on m br e St o p j okin g I d ihe i n i n y o ed i e m i Th i s i s n ot the ti m e fo r j ok e s Ok o t m t o wo ny e? Do y ou call m e a j ester? ’ Nd oh oke n t e ed i owo n y o I d on t s ay you are a j este r ? Od oh o d i d i e n d i e n What then d o y ou say? Om okut e te i n i kebe You s ee t he tim e i s passi n g ’ M b ub e he fo edi o ro Th at s y our l oo k out

V . E . 27

Ye o k uo nko An d y ours a ls o Ekedi n s o i n ] ? Wh en did y ou c ome? Ukedi e be m I cam e l ast y ea r E kesi m m i eb ihi d i d i e? How l o n g i s i t s rn ce you arri ve d here ’ l b i hike I t s n ot a lon g t im e ’ Eb i hi e ti - e ti I t s a very l on g t i m e ago M m a n d i ofi og oko I c am e l ast m on th Ij kekwe fi I d id n ot s ee y ou ' K ub op i s o n tre Don t frown like tha t Akanam nkwe fi asakde im am I h ave n e ve r s ee n you l augh ’ Uk we n t e ofon de? Don t y ou s ee i t i s good? l fonke i m a k ana It i s n ot perfec t ye t Ekpri n d o od u ke e si t Th ere i s a li tt l e d efe c t i n i t ‘ Nso i d i o ro? Wha t i s th at? U na m M eat Nso iki n am e nye ? What h appen ed to hi m ? Ekes in ub ak k e i k an He p ut hi s h an d i n t o a fi re ’ K uyak obi om e n y e n do Don t let i t d eform her ? Od oh o n nam di di e? Wh at do you wan t m e t o d o

V . E . 28

Ukp o awak s e ekemede n dinam Th ere are many thi ngs y o u can do B at m m a i se Nam e them U fan i d uhe n dib at m m a Th e re i s n o n ee d t o name them Akam b a unan A b i g wo un d Om odi oq o m m a kpukpru You k n ow them all ’ Nd i oq oke kpukpru I d on t k n ow all Ed i omodi ono ediwak m m a B ut y o u k n ow m an y of th em ’ Nker e ke n t re I d on t thi n k s o Ab ab iarj a You are d ece ivin g ’ Un i m ke s e nt i nde You d o n t beli eve wha t I s ay Nsarj a d id i e n n im Ho w can I be lieve i t Ofon kun i m- e Alright d o n ot be li eve K w oh ode ut uene i kan Cl ea n t he l am p Gl ass i karj am a ob om o The gl obe was brok en Oko b om o n so i n i? When was i t bro ken ? Oko neyo nkp or] Last n ight I n i adahad e ke e te he When y ou l eft t he veran d a h Okod o rode k e okpokoro oduo I t fell from a table B o okuk ka ked e p efen Tak e m on e y an d g o t o b uy an ot he Ok uk e mi ike mke Thi s m oney i s n ot en ough

V . E . 29

Nso i nam m ikemke? Why i s i t n ot e nough? Oyom n did a afar] l k an n nam 08 0? For what d o you n eed a wick? At a ekpri ok os uh o O n ly ve ry li ttle was l e ft ’ Idi he e k em n di e n ? It i s e n ough n ow i sn t i t? S os op ka ny orj di G o qui ckly an d come back Aya k okuk mm an i karj Wha t i s l eft i s m one y for k e rosen e ' K uhna m i ab a Don t b orher m e an ym or e Nso i di ufan n dide p What i s the use of buyi n g? Glas s i karj ye afar; ik an Gl obe an d wi ck Ufan n d om o ki e t id uhe Th at is good for n othi n g M m orj i karj mid uhe If ke rosen e i s lack in g Owo i k e meke n didom o i kat) O n e can n ot ligh t a lam p Dah a m i G o away fr om h ere Ebie t i di ti e ek im m ﬁn I t s eem s we will rem ai n i n t he d ark tod ay No m i okuk oro Give m e that m on e y B o e n ye mi Ta ke thi s Amakem d a n dianade di B rin g ch an ge l ate r Ndiarj ade okuk ifaq ? How m uch ch an ge? Sid u] d uopet a Thirtee n shilli n gs

V . E . 3 0

Idihe d uopeta It i s nor thirteen Gl as s i k an sidi r) i tiou A gl ob e for five shi lli n g s Oforj ikar) si d in ki e t The wi ck one shilli ng M m an i karj sidirj kie t K erosen e a shi ll i n g K pukp ru owor o s idirj i tiab a Al l togeth er cos t seve n shi llin g S i suh ode e di duopeta Wh at i s le ft i s thi rteen Nyedep suob n ko I shall b uy soap al so Ntokon i duhe Th ere i s n o p epp e r Ad a n n ko a m a ok ure O tl t oo h as fi ni sh ed Ok ure se oy o m de n di dep? Is that a ll y ou w a n t t o b uy? Ya k nke re k ana L e m e th i n k fo r a m om e n t Ya k nk es e ufok L e t m e g o a n d see t he h o use Ny e de p p ol ish i kp a uk o t I s hall b uy sh oe po l i s h B l ue nko osub o a t a e kpri Th ere i s ve ry l ittl e bl ue l eft ' K ud e p m b on o ro m fi n D on t b uy those t od ay Oy om m fiak nka ud ua nkp orj Do y o u wan t m e t o g o t o m ark e t t om or r o w Ny ede p m m a ke i d e m m i I s t a ll b uy th em m ys e l f S op n am se e ke m e d e Do what y o u c an quickly Nke m e ke n d i n a m nkp o n d om o k ie t I ca n n ot d o an yth i n g

Id em e m em m i a k a h a I . a m very wea k

V . E . 3 1

Od od ona? Are you sick? ’ O to an y a n i sarj It s b ecaus e of a l on g walk Yak n d uok o d ud u karJa L e t m e re st ye t ’ K utin e di wa k i k o Don t t a l k m uch M m e a n i e e d i oko? Who a re th o s e ? ’ t oq oke m m a i s o I can t recog n i se them K i e t e d i n w a n O n e i s a wom an I b a e d i i d e n owo Two are m e n Ij kpri n d i t o ke i s a n Th e re a re c h i ldren i n t he com pan y Ed e n owo k i e t O n e m a n M um n d i t o t han o ro ub ak H old th o s e gi rls by t he h an d E n y on i i sar] e k ah a Th e y wal k ve ry sl owly Oy o m n di n am d i d ie? Wh a t d o y ou want to d o? S ana y e m m o Wa l k wi t h th em Us ury i y o mke i k ab a I t i s n ot ve ry far away Ib i hi ke akadah a ke ufok I t i s n o t l on g s in ce he l eft h om e ' Es i m ud ua i b a I t s up t o t wo we e ks U fe n okp on d o Th e re i s m uc h s uffe ri ng the re Od i ok m t ak a n I t i s worse h ere Od t ok ye a m i ak an It i s wo rs e for m e

V. E . 3 2

K arm a n di fon It i s b ecom i n g bett e r l fon ke i m a kana I t t s n o t p erfe c t y et Eb e fo o du ke m m an Wh e re is y our h usban d E n ye k e ufok He i s at h o m e Aka n tom He h as g o ne t o work A m a o s i o i n e He we n t t o t he ﬁ s hi ng - port He w e n t o s ee hi s f i e n Aka nk a n ufan e si e t r d I ny oq ke i dt k ana He has n or y et come back 54

Nwan fo od u m m an? Whe re i s y our wi fe? Ak aka n dise eka esi e S he wen t to s ee he r mothe r Akak a ud ua S he wen t t o t he m arke t Em e n e nye eka ufok i b ok S he is t ake n t o t he hospital Id em e si e t s ank o She i s n ot we ll Odu ke ufok i b ok She i s i n the h ospital En ye k ed i S he i s co mi n g Oworo id id aha emi S he has j us t g one out Ebie t em e b e e n ye k e usun I t s ee ms you passe d her on the way ’ I b i hi ke akadaha I t s n or lon g s i nce s he l eft Ey e s op a n y an edi She will soon co me b ack Ekefre nkp o ke ud ua S he forgot some thi n g i n t he m arket

V. E . 3 3

' Nd it o i tarj ke enyene? How m any children have you? Nken yen e i t i on I had ﬁve K i e t a sana ye eka O ne i s o ut with the m oth e r Ib a eka ufok nwed Two h ave gon e t o sch oo l Nse k eyen an a o ko ede The baby i s sleepin g th ere ' I narj e di oro Tha t s fo ur ’ Uto oro ke n yom Th at s t he t ype I want Ut o e m i i duhe ab a Th e re i s no m ore of thi s t ype ’ Nyom ke e n yem i I d on t wan t this one We t sop ub ak Write q uic kly S ap i de m B e quick K e re bana se anamde Thin k of what you are d oi n g ’ K use nkp o e fon Don t look at som e th in g e lse K a bade e nye T ur n i t ’ K uya k at a i k arj Do n t let i t burn ? Es e d i d ie Wh at d o you thin k ? B ak d uk i d ap G o to b e d early B ak d e me de Wa k e up early S ap ye re m m an Take a b ath quickly K w ohode i d em k e t awid Dry yours e lf W i th a towe l

V . 3 4

S in e e t i afar] Dress we ll ’ K uyara i ta m Don t wear a h at B ob o e ti b aki t Wear a g ood headt i e ’ K ufre e kpat ub ak Don t forg e t your h an d b ag S i n e kpri r for] d o Put a h a n dke rchi e f th ere 03 m i b e t b us Wai t h e re fo r a b us Wag od o ns o s e i b ib en e Turn an d face the wall B e re d e wi ndo O pe n t he wi n dow S op i s a n Walk fast S ap k an oro B e faste r Te m e e n ye n t e e n am d e Tel l h im how t o d o i t S i n ub ak n o n ny i n Assist us Ni m k e i s on Put i t o n t he groun d

M m a k ekwa e nek Th ey are si ngi n g an d d ancin g Ed ana ke ubet The y a re i n a r o om K od ak e b e ri He i s asce n di ng a l adde r E ke ti e ke i tak eto Th ey sat at t he foot of a tree W ar a di Co me out War a ka do G o out th e re

3 7 .

Ediye afar) e n y i n usun A b eaut iful d oor bl in d Ekpri afar] o kp okoro A s m all t able c lot h Ora n n d ori i b uot i b a Two pi l ow c ases E d im e y ede p m ﬁn It wi ll rai n t o day Da ufuk e y o d i B ri n g a n um b rella A kpak a m a d a afar) e d im You sh ould rat he r b ri n g a r ai n coat Am i n nye neke afar] e d i m I h av e n o rain coat i Nye e p i kpa uko t e d im I sh a ll b uy r ai n boots Na e n y e gl a ss e n yi n G ive hi m s p ect acl es Na m i nwe d e ke e dedi G ive m e a ny b oo k E m a e si o n d ise Ph ot ogra phs were t ak e n Ifet i d uhe Th e re i s n o chance Nye n e ke i n i m ﬁn I h ave n o ti m e t o day Nso m bre ke a m a What g am e d o y ou l ik e Am a n d ib re t e n n is You li ke t o pl ay te n ni s En y e i d eb e i d ap e k em He d oes n o t sle e p en ough O d uk i d ap k : l d i ak i n i He g oe s t o b ed l a te Ed e m e d e ke us ie re He wak es Up a t d awn I n i a m a e ke m e ye m a nkan ika Whe n i t i s t l m e t he be ll wi ll b e run g Nyo m o wo ki e t kp at I wan t on ly on e person

V . E . 3 8 . ’ Ukem eke n di ny e ne s e oy om de You c a n t get wh at y ou wa n t A ka mb a owo n ny i n a ka i san O ur b i g m an i s on t our B e t t ut u e n ye an y an edi Wai t un ti l he c ome s back A n ie a d ian a en ye? W ho i s n e xt t o hi m? Ud iana e si e a war a n ko Hi s ass istan t i s o ut too Ud uﬁak udi n s o i n i? Wh en wi ll y o u c o me back ? U s e n i t a a m a e b e Aft e r thr ee d ays To bo e n ye e t op oro G ive hi m th a t m e ss age ’ K ufre en yeken Don t forg e t t he o th e r wa M o to ak ab i ara ke usun T he car br ok e d own o n t he y S ap fe b e ka Run th e re q uickly EYCGOK S C ot ode You will re a p wha t you s ow U he n ye n n as i a Le ft and ri ght ’ K ub et n s ur] i kan Don t wait for t he l aun ch Duk ubom ny arj T ak e a c an oe h o me Ed ieke eb e td e n s un- i kan If you wai t for a launch Eyeb i at i n i You wi ll waste ti me I n i id obe n dib iat Th ere 18 n o ti me t o was te ’ K uyak edaha ekp arj ﬁ Don t l et them leave you behi n d i nh S n o fum n n a m i . I are for m e

E . 3 9.

Da efok nwed i t a - d i B ri n g three e n ve l ope s Ikpa mm e m kp ri B ig or sm all S e afo e nyen e de Whateve r y ou have ’ , ' K ub iat i n i ukan oro Don t waste m ore t i me Idihe n te am i mmade i s n ot as i e It I l k ' ‘ I fanke ye a mi It i s n ot good for m e I k pem eke eyefan ye afo It m ay b e g oo d for you Ya k n d om o n se L et m e try i t ’ u i a e n e No n n B aba k l t y . d o t e xte d i t Eda akp a en am It i s m ad e o f r ubb e r ' Ed a ukua k en am It i s m ad e of st ee l Eda e t o en am enye It i s m ad e of timbe r Nd i e n ed a afar] efuk Then i t i s c ove r ed wi th clo th Tuk i s ar] m hu Pol ish t he ﬂo o r t oday M kparj afo odor i b ib en e Pol ish the walls t omorrow ‘ Yet i s an sim en Wash t he ce m en t ﬂoor Da s uap ye t e n ye Wash i t wi th soa p Oyoy om e diwak m m an It will re quire m uch water E t i mm an i d uhe Th ere i s n o good wat e r

40.

M m an enyemi i s an ake Thi s wa te r i s n ot clean Ny om edi sana mm an I wan t h oly wate r An i e e di oko? Who i s th at? ‘ ‘ Owar a udi arj ake John Don t y ou k now J oh n K am - se afar] esi e Look at hi s clothes Ye ub ak esie An d hi s h an ds Ye i buot n ko The h ead also K p ukp ru id e m The wh o l e b ody M me n s o - ke akanam? I wond er what he wa s d oi ng M ok ut n d i en I see n ow Ok ad ua i o duk m bat? He fe ll i nt o m ud Oﬁ an ade ad ua He slipp ed a n d fell J oh n e kewe re ke m bat? J oh n d id y ou ro l e i n t he m ud?

a a keb b a ke e i . No was a n b a l i n t he ai n B b U re l d m , I pl yi g l r Ekeb re ye an i e Wi th wh om we re you playi ng

“ Ami y e Pe te r Pe te r an d I En ye od u m m an? Wh e re i s he? Ob un ukot e sie He brok e hi s leg ’ Okob un uk ot e men ewar a He was c arri e d out wh en he broke hi s leg 58

Aka m m an i d aha e mi? Wh e re a re you going n ow?

V . E . 4 1 Nka n diyere m m an I am g oi n g t o h ave a bat h Eka fo a ma oy om ﬁ Y our m o ther wan ted you Am i n yen eke e ka I have no m other d a - o ea ou an N h a e ka e ka f . I m n y r gr d mothe r M afi ak se oyo md e mi I k now what you want he re Ok ad aha n ka m m an? Whe re di d y ou wan t m e t o go? Oyom nkoi m m an n n a i m a S he wan ts m e t o fe tch wate r fo r her M arj n nam i d a ha em i I wi ll do i t n ow Yak nkemen abar] L et m e go a nd get a pot Am ayat e si t S he was an noyed A nam d id i e n d ien? What a bout It ? Yak e nye ayat L et her b e angry Eyet in a n a e tc ( 0 S he will te ll your fathe r Id i he akpa e d i o ro Tha t i s n ot t he fi rst time Eye mia ﬁ i s an em i He will flog you thi s tim e M fe fe he ikpa I dre a d floggi n g IJ kereke ufe n e fe n I d o n ot m i nd an y Other pun is hme n M i kam i d i he ut re ud i a Apart from fa sti n g Eye n e k a fo d o? Is your brother the re? A ka ak a iy ak He wen t fishi ng

V . E . 4 2 Ed i ny an n s o i n i? Wh e n will he b e back? Id tWarake i n y arj He will n ot b e bac k s oon Am a ak a iya k ama Wh en he fi n ish e s fis hi ng En ye k aw ak ew ok S he i s swi mm i ng K e oro eb ed e After that Eye ka a kana k e n t a n She wi ll go a nd lie o n t he s an d A ka n d i we b e e yo S he has g on e to dry herse lf i n t he sun ' I m a ha n d i web e i kan S he d oe s n t lik e t o wa r m herse lf wi th t he fire Ed i ut tn ey e s ap oso p B ut t he sun will s o on s e t Ey o k asuh ade T he sun i s goin g d own Eb ie t oyob i o ke e di It s ee m s th e re Wl ll b e a storm ’ Ya k i s ap i ny arj ufak L e t s go h om e q uickly K uya k e d im e ti m n nyi n L e t t he rai n n 0t beat us En ye e ye fe he ab ah a He wi ll run to s afe ty l d ib ah oke m fl rt He w i ll n ot e sca pe t oday B e t kc eye kut Wai t an d y ou W i ll see ’ Nkwe Pe t e r m b ub i t eyo e m i 1 d o n t s ee Pete r thi s eve n i n g A s a na ve e re e sie a ka i 8 8 1] He has g on e on a walk wi th hi s fathe r

V . E 43 . Edi n y arj i n i ewe? When will they c ome back? In i e ke m m a a mad e Wh e n i t s uits the m Tie d o b e t enye Wai t there for him Nkemeke ndi b et ab a I can not wa i t any m ore An a n s im ufok ke eti i n i I have to reac h home i n time Em ekem e n di kut w m o ke usun You can m ee t t he m on t he way Yak edi utt e L e t i t b e so ’ Etc ete Fra ncis ad ana Franci s grandfa the r i s sick k ere n dikpa He i s near dy i n g ’ Yak ikib an a kam i n a enye Le t s go and pray for him K c i ni uyen e sie In hi s ea rly y ears Ekes i n im ke m m an Whe re do you use t o k ee p i t Nte iyak Lik e ﬁsh Tana ak as arj Si nce she became old Eyere uﬁop m m an kpukpru usen S he take s a hot bath eve ryd ay Ud i a idanke en ye ab a She n o lon ge r fe e ls h un gry B t ie ke ufok kpukpru i n i She st ays at home always Eti e an am n so? Wh at does s he s ta y t o d o? Inamke nkp o S he d oes n o thi n g K ebed e n di wan esi k arj Exce pt s m oki n g a pi pe

Owar a i sikot ke a wed? Does i t mean she d oes n ot read? K utirj ik a ab a Do n ot speak an y m ore Oyom n did e idap She wan ts to slee p Awak ndi tet ie n de S he us ually s leeps si tt i ng d own Uha k owo edad a ed e S ome people s lee p stan di n g Uhak esasana ede Some s l ee p walki n g Nso ke as ap i sar] n tre? Why do you walk s o fast? IJ ka nd isob o Eﬁong Okure I am goi n g t o m ee t Eﬁon g Okure Nseb e n te eyekut e n ye I do not thi nk yo u wi l l see hi m ’ K e mfan Abasi n yekut en ye B y t he grace of G od I ll see hi m Nkokut asanade ye police I s aw hi m walkin g wi th a poli cem an Nso kon yun an am nko? What has he d one again? Ye mkp ak ab i ke ubok Wit h chai ns o n his han ds Etc ekeyi p i n a He i s sai d to h ave s tolen Edi en ye i di he i n a B ut he i s n ot a t hief I kpemeke ekesi n efub e M ay b e he com mitt e d a d ultery M id ihe asarj a use Ot he rwi se he com mi tted fo rni cation Nkere ke nt re I do not thi n k so K uda un wana un a en ye Do not swear for him Awak n dika ufok akpara He often goes to a brothe l

v. E . 45 .

Se mfi akde edi oro Th at i s wh at I k n ow B hup e n ye akan If he i s as ke d he d en ies Ed i ata owo n su He is a great liar ’ On wano en y i n Abasi mfefere - mfefe re He takes G od s n ame lightly On w ono e n yi n Abasi ke n su He takes God s n ame i n false h ood Ekp edi e k e m e If he could Okpowot owo He would ki ll s om eon e l s onke s on e ny e It i s n ot d ifficult for hi m Nd rs i n t b o_k n o owo T o p oi son s o m eon e K uy ak e n y e ot uk fi a b a Do no t le t him touc h you a gai n ’ Eb i hi nk ok ut fi It s a l on g t i m e si nce I s aw you Nkod uhe k e ufok I w as n o t at hom e O kod u k e m m an W e re we re y ou . h

‘ Nka k a n di se ey e n ek a m i I we n t t o s e e m y s iste r K us u n s u 06 n ot t e ll a li e Nko p e t e Ok o d u ke ufok a kam I h e ar d you we r e i n a p ra y e r house An te eke t i rj e n o ﬂ? Who t o ld yo u? ? ? Ak pan i k o m in e n s u Is i t t rue o r fa l s e

‘ Oy oh o a ﬁ on udi he - e d e ri Yo u h ave n o t att e n d e d s erv i ce for a m on th Nke t re M as s us e n i n ar] i m is se d M a s s fo r four d ays

46 .

‘ ‘ ’ A m a a ka ufok a k am? Did y ou g o to a praye r house? Ndi suh o n su I wi ll n ot t ell a li e M ma n ka t n t k i e t I we n t the re on ce ' Eyen m i ok od ono M y ch i ld was s tck ’ E ken am n s o e n o F1 ? What d id the y d o for yoii ? Eke d oh o n am uw a I was told t o m ak e a sacri ﬁ ce ' ' M m a n n am uwa or o I m a d e t he s ac riﬁce M m a nka i di ot) nko I c on s ulte d a fortune _te lle r al so ' ' Owor o e dik arj Ab asi Th a t m ea ns ren oun ci ng G od ' Am aka n mb uot idem fo Yo u h ave d en i e d your fai th

‘ Nsa mi — o G od fo rbid S e afo a n amd e Wh at y o u have d on e Owor o n t re Adea n s that Daha d o n o m i Forgive m e ' e Ab as i ub ak n o m i Ask G od s pard o n for m e ’ A b asi e fen ﬁ Go d has forgi ve n y ou 9 i 8 3 .3 l e t e t i Th an k y ou v ery m uch

“ K una m u t t e ab a Do n ot d o so ag ai n Nd in amke ab a I wi ll not do th at agai n Ns o k e e n a m ko? ‘ Wh at i s h appen i n g the re?

V . E .

Uyo m o kpon d o e t i e t i Th ere i s m uch n oise th e re ’ Ebre unc k It s a b all r oo m d a n ce Do ke a fo aka? Ar e y ou g oi n g t he re? Afo a s ana i kp an Yo u are walki n g alone ‘ ' M kpasana ye ani e Wi th wh om sh ould I walk Ye uwa n fo Wi th your wi fe Ny en e k e n wa n I have n o wi fe K a k e e m e nye n e 0! you have Nti n akpanl k o I am s peak i ng t he tr uth Ns e nt e a man a m n d a I th ought you we dd e d Namk e n d o kana I hav e n ot we d d e d ye t M b upke - hup mwa n k ana I have n ot y et e n gage d a n y on e Od un y e a n i e With wh om a re y ou l i vi n g Nd ur) y e e ka m i I am li vi n g wi th my m oth e r ' K c ufok e yen e ka m i I n m y broth e r s h ouse Eb e ak akpa e b e m M y h usban d d i e d last ye a r ’ Ns o ke ok ono or o Wh at s th a t on y our n e ck Ikp uikpu ud uk Noth i n g b ut a str i n g Ns e n t e edi i b ok I th i n k i t i s j uju

Ny en eke ib ok I have n o j uj u M m en ye n e i b ok ke ufok I h ave j uj u at h om e Uk ob o okpon on o m i I h ave a Joe o f worri e s K a k abiat en y e Go a nd de stroy i t En y e me n di kpono Abasi kie t You ought wo rshi p on e M m a n n am okp os or] uto m I did a d ifﬁ c ult work K e use n e d eri On Sun d ay M ms nke re i di ok e kike re I h a d b ad thoughts M m a n t i rj i di ok ik o I spok e b a d words M m a n se i d i ok n dis e I had b ad loo ks Mm s m bre id i ok m bre I playe d b ad play Ti n s e akan amde S ay what you di d Tin i n wan- i n wan Speak plai n ly K ukop b ut Do n ot b e a sh am ed

Ti n s un- sun Sp eak slowly K ut i rj uy o 08 01] Do n ot speak loud Uyo as an a kaha It i s to o l oud Nkopke I do n ot h ear Ti n uyo aw ar o S peak l oud e r Ti n anwarj a Speak c learly

V . E . 49 .

? Eke ro didi e abana en ye Wha t d o y ou thi n k of him? Ebi e t m i a d ad ama It seem s he i s m ad Edi owo man- i dem He i s a proud person Edi owo em em He i s a m a n of peace Edi owo afanik on He i s a troublesome pe rson Edi owo i si n enyi n S he i s a jealous pe rson Edi owo is ar] esit He i s a heart - hearte d person Edi owo uko He i s a brave man Edi owo ufup He i s an en vrous person Edi owo urim e She i s a trouble some pe rs on Edi owo n nan en yi n He i s a m an of trouble Edi owo idi ok i ron S he i s a greedy person Ed i ub uene S he i s poor Ed i e nyene nkp o owo She i s ri c h Edi owo i fu She i s laz y Edi owo a sian She i s proud Ed i owo m buk S he i s a backbite r Ed i owo mb ub ik S he i s wic k e d ? Oyom et ie d idi e How do you li k e i t t o b e? Nam on i on M ake it long

E . 50.

Nyom edi an yan I wan t i t t ell Nam omuh o M ake it s hort Akpana oni on It s hould b e lon g Eked i ob ub i t It was black Ofan e di aﬁa I t is good for i t t o b e white Nyom edi awn- awe I want i t green Nyom ke m m an ib og I d o n ot wan t vi ole t M ma n dan dar nkari I prefe r red Erie ekara ekara It i s ro un d Odob i akan emi It i s heavi er than thi s Nkem eke n d ib iom e ny e I c ann ot carry i t A nwana et i -et i It i s ve ry wide Inwanake i kem It i s n ot wid e e nough Ofur a ke ufuot I t i s n a rrow i n t he mi ddle M ben i n enke The e dge i s not strai ght Awab a ke mben It i s torn a t t he edge Ibuot e b ehe The hea d has falle n off Ukot i b unoke The leg i s n ot broken Es i b e ub ak kiet O ne han d i s c ut En ye ne ut on ib a He has two cars

V . E . 5 1 .

Enyi n k ie t e t i b e O n e eye i s burst Ed e t ebob e kpukpru The tee th are all gon e Si s uh ode edede he What i s le ft i s di rty An a eye t e kwohade It h as t o b e washe d an d i rone d B on mm e ke mkp ot uno Put them at t he corner K an e mi ke wi nd ow Han g thi s on t he win d ow Da ke e nyi n usun Stan d at t he en trance Ti e ke ufuot ufok S i t i n t he parl our

Ikan isakke Fi re d oes n ot bur n A nwan a ndiyo m n tak Yo u are try i n g t o fin d a reason Afo ke id e m m fo omokut You see i t yourself Ya k e ka fo an y an i nwarj L e t y our m oth e r return from t he fa rm Oyom 11 50? Wh at do y ou wan t? Nyom e k pe m i ok uk utom I wan t t o b e pai d for my work Ema ekp ekpe fi okuk You w e re paid a lre ady Eke n o J oh n okuk e sa k fi J ohn was given m oney to br ing to you Od oh a b an d uo p or o? Do you m ea n t he ten p o un ds? Akana eda o ro e d ep nkp o n tom That was for buy in g materials O kuk ub ok utom edi i si o Work m a n shi p i s d i ffe ren t Edi i farj ? How m uch i s i t ? B an i t i ab a S e ve n p oun d s

V . E . 5 4 .

Os an ud ua a kaha Th at i s t oo m uc h ’ Nye neke usi m o ro I h aven t s o m uc h O yom n di kpe ifarj How m uch d o y ou wan t to pay B on ib a Two p ounds Ut u ke oro n na m i kpuikpu I n ste ad of th at I do i t free O t o i kemke nkp o n dom o ki e t Th at i s n othi n g at all K utuk m i Do not c h e at m e Nyom k e ndi tuk ﬁ I d o n ot wan t to c h ea t yo u ' Al o nko kutuk m i You sh ould nor che at m e e i the r Ya k edi b an ita L et i t b e three p oun d s B o p owo e ke odi onade Ask anybody who k n ows Ey ekut e te utom o ro 05 01] You W i ll see that t he work i s h ard En y e ony un an am n yi me n tre That i s why I offe r s o much Owor o ub iat i n i It i s a waste of ti me U rom o ro ey e da use n i nan Th at work will take four d ays Ana m k pe o wo n s i n I h ave t o e mpl oy worke rs Ye nkp o ut om e mi n de pde A n d t he tools I b uy Ed i n t re ya k n yom o wo efe n I f so le t m e l o ok for an ot h e r person Edieke am a d e k pe b an i ri on Pay fi ve pounds i f y ou l i k e Nda ke m m an? Wh ere d o I ge t i t ?

V . E . 5 5 .

Eye kpe i n an ye d uop Wi ll you pay four poun ds t e n B aba No Ak patre e di oro Tha t i s t he last Em e nyi me nkpe ﬁ ke m b ak Do y o u agre e th at I pay i n parts I n am ke nkp o It d oes n ot m atte r Em eke me nd i t ono u ro m You can start work : 65

? Eyet ono m hu Will you sta rt today? Nditoqo ud ua efem I will start n ext wee k Ma ka m a ntom efon ke ub ak I ha ve an other work at han d M b op ufok eka an wan mmi I am building for my m othe r- i h - law Nyekure enye oro ud ua e I shall fin ish that thi s wee k ’ Ud ua e fen nt ono ok uo I ll begi n yours n ext wee k ‘ Wi ofia a ki et m okt re I ll fin ish i t withi n a m on th i s a d vi se d to r e a d th e f ol i owm b ook s 17 1 th i s or d e r ;

Akpa nwed ke Ik a Eﬁk

Udian a Edikot nwed

wa na M buk ki Un . E m ye E A . Eyo l 1 Edikot nwed m b uk Vo E . Am ak u

3 4 5 6

M utan da oy om Na m on do Nkarj a

There i s a l so a large n um ber of Eﬁk ba ll ads i n k l 0k hl (5 or ) pam p et s .