Australian academy of Technological sciences and engineering (ATSE)

international edition

Number 3 June 2011 Australia / Korea

working together on green growth Contributors look at 50 years of friendship and a sustainable-energy Green Growth future “ How we can feed ourselves sustainably in a low carbon economy?”

Wanzhuang Eco City © Vyonyx/Arup/Client SIIC

Climate change, water shortages, rising crude We assist local and state governments in oil prices and an expanding population are identifying what food sustainability means beginning to question the resilience of our and how it transfers into policies and projects. current farming and food supply systems. Our model for planning sustainable cities In the near future localised food production has been developed and used to inform Arup – integrated into the city’s infrastructures – planning projects worldwide - including might well be a key factor in securing access to masterplanned communities in Queensland and affordable and healthy food for new and Victoria (Australia), Zuidas (The Netherlands), existing communities. Chaiten and Noviciado (Chile), Baku City Development (Azerbaijan), Ebbsfleet and Arup understands the need for localised Northstowe (UK), Destiny (US), Wanzhuang and integrated food production in a Slim City – the the Changxindian Community (China) and the resource and carbon efficient cities of the future. design for the Low2No development in Helsinki Our multi-disciplinary teams are assisting clients (Finland). to set the bar for sustainable development, and are committed to help implement initiatives that strive to make a difference to society.

We shape a better world | www.arup.com.au contents 3 Jun 11 Focus

Australia pursues Green Growth with Korea

 Green Growth initiatives in Korea have attracted Australian attention and have led the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineers (ATSE) and the National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK) to hold international Green Growth workshops workshops in Seoul (2010) and Melbourne.

The purpose of the recent Australia Korea Australian, Korean, Canadian and US scientists lower monitoring tools down CRC-2 Green Growth workshop in Melbourne was to well prior to injection of CO at Australia’s CO2CRC Otway Project (page 20). inform Government, industry and the research 2 community of the potential to pursue a coordinated Green Growth policy in Australia. 5 Australia is Korea’s “important ally”

This edition of ATSE Focus concentrates on the 7 Common values and strategic interests emerging relationship and interdependence underpin our links between Australia and Korea, highlighting particularly the bilateral Green Growth 10 time to promote more bilateral collaboration endeavours. A number of the international 17 Australian CCS lessons have world value workshop presenters have authored articles, as well as leading figures in the Australia- 23 new technologies behind solar power Korea relationship. integration 27 strengthening relations – link by link, project by project

AustrAliAn AcAdemy of technologicAl sciences And engineering (Atse) 29 Broadband leads current technology initiatives international edition 33 Pricing carbon to fix the problem 34 Australia’s visionary innovators honoured Front cover: South Korea – a rapid-growth economy 38 Big challenges require tough choices – Liveris

number 3 June 2011 AustrAliA / KoreA with a strong focus on sustainability. worKing together on green growth 41 ATSE in Focus Contributors look at 50 years of friendship and Photo: iStockphoto a sustainable-energy Green Growth future

ATSE is an independent body of eminent Australian engineers and scientists established to promote the application of scientific and engineering knowledge to practical purposes. ATSE Focus International is produced to serve this goal. Opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of ATSE. Material published in Focus International may be reproduced provided appropriate acknowledgement is given to the author and the Academy. ATSE Focus International is produced to highlight Australia’s relationship with the international community in the areas of CEO: Dr Margaret Hartley Editor: Bill Mackey science and technology and the Academy’s role in engaging with partner countries. It will be produced from time to time to Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE) reflect a key aspect or development in the science and technology Address: Level 1, 1 Bowen Crescent, Melbourne relationship between Australia and another nation. Postal Address: GPO Box 4055, Melbourne, Victoria 3001

Its purpose is to stimulate interest, discussion and development Telephone: 03 9864 0900 of research and research application opportunities for the benefit Facsimile: 03 9864 0930 Email: [email protected] of both nations, and the world. Articles are contributed by ATSE Fellows with particular expertise in topic areas and by key figures in ACN 008 520 394 ABN 58 008 520 394 the relationship. Print Post Publication No 341403/0025 Please address comments, suggested topics and article for ISSN 1838-0921 publication to [email protected]. Design and production: Coretext 03 9670 1168 www.coretext.com.au

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Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Australia is Korea’s “important ally” It is crucial for Korea to engage in international collaboration with countries leading in these areas, especially countries such as Australia.

By Jong-Kee Yeo [email protected]

ustralia and Korea have enjoyed a good friendship be required in each of the nine technologies listed above. for decades. The year 2011 is the ‘Australia-Korea Of this projected amount, the Government will contrib- Year of Friendship’, which celebrates the 50 years of ute 60 per cent and industry is expected to contribute the diplomatic relationship between the two countries. remaining 40 per cent. Moreover, the Korean Govern- AAustralia has been an important political, strategic and ment has voluntarily announced a 30 per cent reduction in economic ally of Korea. Among many aspects of collabora- greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. tion between two countries, renewable energy and ‘green To realise this ambitious goal, it is crucial for Korea to growth’ are hot topics in both countries and a continuous collaboration would be mutually beneficial. Nowadays, climate change and renewable energy are Vision important issues in every nation – and Korea is no excep- To be the world’s 7th green power by 2020 tion. In fact, Korea is considered as being more vulnerable And the 5th green power by 2050 to the effects of climate change and more dependent on fossil fuel than most other countries. For example, the av- erage surface temperature in Korea rose by 1.75°C between Three objectives 1912 and 2008, greater than the world average. Ten policy directions Therefore, the Korean government has taken strong initiatives to resolve these issues through the Framework Act on Low Carbon and Green Growth, promulgated in January 2010. It has been designed to mitigate climate Improvement in Mitigation of Creation of quality of life and change, accomplish energy independence, create new en- climate change new engines for enhancement of energy independence economic growth gines for economic growth, and improve quality of life (see international standing diagram, right). To achieve this vision and objectives, we must develop 1 Effective mitigation 4 Development of green 8 Greening the land technologies related to new and renewable energy sources. of greenhouse gas technologies and water, creation of For example, our government’s goal is to secure a 13 per emissions 5 Greening of existing green transport and 2 Reduction of fossil fuel industries, promotion of infrastructure cent share in the world market of the following nine tech- use and enhancement of green industry 9 Bringing the green nologies by the year 2030: solar energy, wind power, LEDs, energy independence 6 Advancement of revolution into daily life 3 Strengthened capacity to industrial structure 10 Becoming an electronics and IT, hydrogen fuel cells, green fuel, IGCC adapt to climate change 7 Development of international green (integrated gasification combined cycle), and CCS (car- structural foundation for growth model bon capture and storage). green economy For the next five-year plan, the Korean Government source: www.greengrowth.go.kr estimates that an investment of about US$300 million will

Contributions are welcome Opinion pieces on topics of national interest will be considered for publication in ATSE Focus. Items between 800 and 1500 words are preferred. They must list full name, title/role, organisation (if relevant), city of residence and email address for publication. Please address to [email protected] 6 australia/Korea

Jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au Networking at people-to-people, academia-to-industry, and institute-to-institute levels will greatly increase collaboration and opportunities in the future.

engage in international collaboration with countries lead- ability. The ongoing technological innovation and bilateral ing in these areas, especially countries such as Australia. cooperation will be beneficial for both countries. Through the Australia–Korea Green Growth Interna- Networking at people-to-people, academia-to-indus- tional Workshops, jointly organised by Australian Acade- try, and institute-to-institute levels will greatly increase my of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE) and collaboration and opportunities in the future. I believe the National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK) that our collaborative efforts along with the upcoming in Seoul on 27 to 29 April 2010 and in Melbourne on 17 Free Trade Agreement between Australia and Korea will to 18 March 2011, we have learned that the two countries serve to open avenues for greater collaborations in many share the same approach for achieving economic develop- different technological areas. t ment with minimal environmental effect. We also found that Australia has already accumulated Dr Jong-Kee Yeo is Executive Vice President, National Academy considerable knowledge in the related technologies. These of Engineering of Korea (NAEK) and Executive Advisor of LG workshops have enabled us to share common interests on Chem. He served as President and CTO of LG Chem from 2000 climate change and clean energy. They have also served to to May 2006. Dr Yeo is a graduate of Seoul National University, bring into contact representative scientists and engineers with a BS and an MS in chemical engineering. He received his working in energy-related areas across industry, academia, PhD (in polymer science and rheology) from Lehigh University, and research institutes. USA. He has received The Order of Science and Technology from NAEK greatly values its intimate partnership with the Korean Government, the Korean Ministry of Science and ATSE to jointly promote international networking and Technology’s Technology Award and the NAEK Award from NAEK collaborative opportunities and enhance national compet- and the Technology Management Award from Korea Industrial itiveness, economic well being, and environmental sustain- Technology Association.

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Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Common values and strategic interests underpin our links Regular high-level visits between the two countries demonstrate the strength and importance of the bilateral relationship.

By Sam Gerovich [email protected]

t would be rare to find an Australian home today that en economic cooperation and provide a significant boost did not contain products from Korea. The investment to both economies, is the next logical step in the bilateral relationship is also growing and diversifying, binding trade and economic relationship. our economies closer together. Our complementary relationship also incorporates the IThis year marks a significant milestone – the 50th -an battle against climate change. During her visit, the Prime niversary of diplomatic relations – for Australia and the Minister announced that Australia would contribute Republic of Korea and is designated the Year of Friendship. $10 million to the Korea-led Global Green Growth Insti- Over the past half-century, Australia and Korea have be- tute (GGGI), to support the development of green growth Prime come firm friends and close partners. We share common val- strategies and policies in developing countries. Minister ues and strategic interests, and our economies complement Australia joining the GGGI followed discussions initi- Julia Gillard each other, driving mutual prosperity. Korea is Australia’s ated by President Lee Myung-bak during his visit to Aus- and Korean fourth largest trading partner. Australian minerals, energy tralia in March 2009. He made the case that Australia and President and services contribute to the development of Korea’s high- Korea, as middle powers, should lead global efforts to fight Lee Myung- tech export sector and highly-educated workforce. global warming. Our partnership within the GGGI repre- bak at the Similarly, Australia is an important market for Korean sents an exciting opportunity to take this vision forward, Leaders’ passenger vehicles, electronic goods and household appli- and adds to the cooperation we already enjoy in the Global Summit in ances. It would be rare to find an Australian home today Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI), where Seoul in that did not contain products from Korea. The investment Korea was one of the founding members. April 2011. relationship is also growing and diversifying, binding our economies closer together. Frequent high-level engagement between Canberra and Seoul demonstrates the importance of the bilateral re- lationship. Recently, reciprocal visits by leaders have accel- erated, and focused on wide-ranging topics from regional security, trade liberalisation to climate change. The visit to Korea in April by Prime Minister Julia Gillard was symbolic of the importance the two govern- ments attach to the bilateral relationship. Prime Minister Gillard was the first Australian Prime Minister to celebrate ANZAC Day – our national day to honour the sacrifice of our soldiers in war – on Korean soil. Australians may not always be aware of the role Korea and Australia have played in each other’s history, but we have always supported one another when it counted. During Prime Minister Gillard’s visit, the two govern- ments reaffirmed their strong commitment to conclude Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations this year. The conclusion of a comprehensive FTA, which will strength- JAM USA/0752/28 CRICOS PROVIDER NO 00121B

1 25/05/11 9:53 AM These are directly helping directly These are and sustainable prosperity. 2 Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE). Remediation of the Environment performance above world standard in Environmental Science research. environmental risk assessment, management and remediation. risk assessment, environmental his team is making important developments in green technologies. his team is making important developments in green alone is estimated to cost in excess of A$1 trillion per year globally. alone is estimated to cost in excess of A$1 a green approach to contaminant containment. Advances in Agronomy 112, 146-203. A current collaboration in Korea led by the Professor Nanthi Bolan and led by the Professor collaboration in Korea A current Recent Excellence in Research for Australian (ERA) rankings confirmed UniSA’s outstanding Recent Excellence in Research for Australian (ERA) rankings confirmed UniSA’s CERAR’s varied research and training work engages in many international and training work varied research CERAR’s around green approaches to contaminant containment and remediation. approaches green around 2 This highlights just one example of how CERAR and its many international collaborators are continuing their vital work in minimising risk to human and collaborators are For more information about research at UniSA visit unisa.edu.au/research information about research For more to cutting-edge technology developments and research training in the area of training in the area and research to cutting-edge technology developments for air, soil and water contamination. The Centre is also home to, and a major is also home soil and water contamination. The Centre for air, collaborative projects, particularly across the Asia-pacific region. These have led the Asia-pacific across particularly collaborative projects, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTECH) in Korea, (GNTECH) in Korea, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology Over the past century, there has been widespread contamination of soil, air and has been widespread there Over the past century, and the development of cost effective and sustainable remediation technologies and sustainable remediation and the development of cost effective enormous. Environmental management of land and groundwater contamination of land and groundwater management enormous. Environmental Nanthi Bolan, Jin Hee Park, Brett Robinson, Ravi Naidu and Keun Young Huh. 2011. Phytostabilization: Nanthi Bolan, Jin Hee Park, Brett Robinson, Ravi Naidu and Keun Young the collaboration has resulted in an important exchange of information, staff and in an important exchange of information, staff the collaboration has resulted Working with the Hub University of Industrial Collaboration (HUNIC) based at the Working 1 and agriculture. The environmental, economic and social consequences of this are economic and social consequences of this are The environmental, and agriculture. to minimise risk to human and ecosystem health through rigorous risk assessment rigorous health through to minimise risk to human and ecosystem partner with, the Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Centre partner with, the Cooperative Research water by urban waste disposal, industrial activities, mining and minerals processing activities, mining and minerals processing water by urban waste disposal, industrial students. As a result, training and capacity building has been significantly advanced students. As a result, Australia and our region maintain a healthy environment central to our health, safety maintain a healthy environment Australia and our region UniSA’s Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR) is at the Risk Assessment and for Environmental Centre UniSA’s ecosystem health by delivering superior research solutions. ecosystem health by delivering superior research forefront of environmental remediation research. Established in 2003, the Centre aims in 2003, the Centre Established research. remediation of environmental forefront cleaner and greener world. Decontaminating – for a safer,

Remediation. Korea undertaking Risk Assessment and HUNIC students from Centre for Environmental research training at UniSA’s research training at UniSA’s USA 0752_28_297x210_Decontaminating_ATSE Focus_3.indd 1 australia/Korea 9

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus

Collaboration potential commercialise Australian research and technology. Australia and Korea have well-established scientific net- I would like to commend the work of the Academy of works and research collaborations, based on the comple- Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE), the Aus- mentary nature of our respective scientific research and tralian Academy of Science (AAS) and the Australia–Ko- industry sectors: Australia has advanced university-based rea Foundation for building strong linkages between Aus- science, and Korea has strong market-oriented research tralian and Korean science authorities, research institutes and development, and expertise in patenting. These links and academics. Many of these important programs and are predicated on Australia’s strong export of educational initiatives, which form the foundation for future collabo- services to Korea. At the end of 2010, there were approxi- ration, are showcased in this publication, including Green mately 35,000 Korean students enrolled in Australian edu- Growth Workshops, the Korea–Australia–New Zealand cation institutions. (KANZ) Broadband Summits and the Early Career Re- Australia and Korea have a bilateral Agreement on Sci- searchers Exchange Program. entific and Technological Cooperation and a range of oth- Australia and Korea face a number of common chal- er formal agreements between government and scientific lenges, including climate change, energy security, environ- bodies. Under these agreements and institutional links, ment protection, ageing populations and growing health- Australian researchers have been working closely with care obligations, and both governments recognise that their Korean counterparts. Australian researchers are in- science and innovation will be a key pillar of economic creasingly collaborating with Korean colleagues and joint growth and social development in the coming decade and scientific publications have risen steadily in recent years to beyond. t 421 in 2010, ranking Korea as our 18th partner for collab- orative science and technology research. His Excellency Mr Sam Gerovich is the Australian Ambassador While visiting Australia in 2009, President Lee visited to the Republic of Korea (since 2009) and was formerly a First the School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engi- Assistant Secretary in the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs neering at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), and Trade (2006–08). He graduated from the University of Sydney one of the world’s leading research centres for solar and oth- and joined Foreign Affairs in 1972 and served in progressively er new energies. He recognised that Australia was a world more senior roles representing Australia in Hong Kong, Beijing, leader in carbon capture and sequestration and renewable Tokyo, Taipei and Shanghai (Consul-General, 2002–06). He speaks energy technologies. He emphasised that Korea could help Chinese, Japanese and Russian.

Korea–University of Wollongong collaboration will revolutionise medical bionics  A significant research collaboration between Combining world-class expertise in detection and control of epilepsy. Australia and Korea was formed recently the fields of materials and machinery, the “To bring practical solutions to the enabling the development of revolutionary bio- collaboration will initially focus on building new community in the quickest timeframe printing technology used to develop ground- bio-printing technologies. This will feed directly possible, we must combine with partners breaking medical bionic devices. into the ACES bionics program, specifically in wherever they are able to bring all the skills to The ARC Centre of Excellence for the areas of nerve and muscle repair as well as the table,” Professor Wallace said. Electromaterials Science (ACES) hosted the President of the Korean Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) at the University of Wollongong (UoW) to sign an agreement that will enable ACES to forge ahead with its work in medical bionics. “Fabrication of devices based on next- generation materials using old-generation fabrication methods is not realistic,” said ACES Executive Research Director Professor Gordon Wallace FAA FTSE. “We must confront the reality that we need to develop new Dr Sang-Chun Lee, President of the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, and Professor machinery to tackle these complex tasks.” Gordon Wallace, Executive Research Director of ACES, after the signing. 10 australia/Korea

Jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au Time to promote more bilateral collaboration In comparison to the level of bilateral cooperation that has been achieved so far in other fields, the two countries’ collaboration in the science and technology area is less significant.

By Kim Woo-sang [email protected]

011 marks a special year in relations between Ko- Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engi- rea and Australia: this year we celebrate the 50th neering (ATSE) and the National Academy of Engineering anniversary of the establishment of bilateral diplo- of Korea (NAEK) is encouraging. In 2010 and 2011 re- matic ties. Over the past five decades, both coun- spectively, the ATSE and the NAEK held two workshops 2tries have cultivated an extensive partnership featuring on green growth aiming to identify opportunities for co- strong commercial ties, strategic security cooperation and operation in areas such as renewable energy, smart grid and broad people-to-people links. carbon capture and sequestration. The partnership has been accelerated not only by the Likewise, there are notable efforts between the Korea necessity of the private sector, but also by the strong com- Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering Program (KEM- mitments of two governments with shared strategic and REP) and the University of Western Australia and Curtin economic interests. University, whose 2010 MoU generates exchanges which Korea has become Australia’s fourth-largest merchan- strengthen the relationship between the two countries, lead- dised trade partner after China, Japan and the US. Bilateral ing to high quality knowledge exchange. I am hopeful that economic and trade relations will be further enhanced if initiatives like these will boost investment in and commer- the on-going FTA negotiations are concluded, hopefully, cialisation of Australian and Korean innovations. within the year. From a Korean perspective, Green Growth policy has In comparison to the level of bilateral cooperation been given the highest priority in the national economy which has been achieved so far in other fields, the two and science arenas. On 15 August 2008, President Lee countries’ collaboration in the science and technology area Myung-bak announced that “Low Carbon and Green is less significant. According to the Australian Research Growth” was Korea’s new national vision for the next Council, the total number of Korean research institute 60 years. The Korean strategy in green growth seeks to pro- collaborations with ARC-funded programs was 161 cases mote the development of core green technologies that will up to 2008, or 1.2 per cent compared to China at 506 cases provide future engines of growth to the Korean economy. (3.7 per cent), Japan at 674 cases (5.0 per cent) and the US To this end, the Korean Government has poured around a at 3197 cases (23.5 per cent). $1.2 billion budget in 2010 into national R&D projects. I believe that the time is now for promoting bilateral These funds, together with industry investment, will be ex- collaboration in science and technology to complement panded to $2.2 billion in 2011. our strong bilateral ties in other areas. The scope of coop- While both countries are undertaking collaboration in eration should be extended from the individual research these areas, there is much greater potential for Australia–Ko- project to wider studies based on broad national policy. rea bilateral cooperation in green growth and climate change. In this regard, the ongoing cooperation between the Korea has participated in the activities of the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute from its foundation, and the From a Korean perspective, Green Growth policy good news to come out of Prime Minister Julia Gillard’s visit has been given the highest priority in the national to Korea in April this year is the Australian government’s plan economy and science arenas. On 15 August 2008, to contribute $10 million to the Global Green Growth Insti- President Lee Myung-bak announced that “Low tute established by the Korean Government in 2010. Carbon and Green Growth” was Korea’s new But neither country needs to confine its collaborative national vision for the next 60 years. u more on page 16 australia/Korea 11

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Transitioning to a low-carbon future Australia has a natural interest in working closely with Korea to advance opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel.

By Martin Hoffman [email protected]

his year, Australia and Korea celebrate 50 years of Australia is Korea’s number one supplier of coal and friendship. There are many facets to this friendship, a major supplier of oil and uranium. In future, LNG but given my responsibilities in the Department of could become a significant commodity in the trade Resources, Energy and Tourism one common fea- and investment relationship. Tture that I find of particular interest is the fact that, over this period, both countries have witnessed major changes Importantly, this direct government funding will in energy demand and usage. work alongside our legislated Renewable Energy Target For instance, Australia’s population has grown from of 20 per cent by 2020. The Renewable Energy Target has nine million people to more than 22 million. Australian generated billions of dollars in private investment in ma- households of today use, on average, close to four times ture technologies like wind and solar photovoltaic, and the energy they did in the 1950s. Korea’s population and will continue to drive strong investment in renewable en- energy demand has experienced similar trends arising from ergy over the coming decade. decades of technological change and economic prosperity. The third enabling factor in accelerating the move to a Both countries are heavily dependent on fossil fuels for low-carbon economy for Australia will be implementing a electricity, although in Australia we rely more on coal rather price on carbon, which is currently under development by than petroleum products. Korea is one of Australia’s most the Government. important and enduring trading partners for energy resourc- Like Australia, Korea is also making significant invest- es. For example, Australia is Korea’s number one supplier ments in the development of emerging energy technolo- of coal and a major supplier of oil and uranium. In future, gies, including lower emissions power generation, CCS, liquefied natural gas could become a significant commod- energy efficiency, renewable energy and nuclear power. ity in the trade and investment relationship. In total, Korea Given our strong trading links in coal and petroleum accounts for almost 15 per cent of our energy exports. products, it is particularly pleasing to see our growing rela- Australia therefore has a natural interest in working tionship in the area of CCS, including technology research closely with Korea to advance opportunities to reduce and development. For example, the Korean Institute of Ge- greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel. From the Aus- ology, Mining, and Materials is working closely with vari- tralian Government’s perspective, this must be in combi- ous Australian research organisations, including the Aus- nation with policies which ensure we can take advantage tralian Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas of other emerging energy technologies which will allow Technologies and CSIRO to advance CCS. Multinational us to move away from our reliance on fossil fuels, without cooperation is also a feature of our relationship, including compromising energy security and reliability. Korea’s strong participation at both government and indus- The role of innovation in energy technology is critical to try level in the Global CCS Institute established by Austra- the pursuit of a low-carbon society. This is why the Austra- lia, and our common membership of other forums. lian Government established our $5 billion Clean Energy International collaboration is critical to accelerating the Initiative, which supports the research, development and commercial deployment of emerging energy technologies. demonstration of emerging renewable and low-emissions Australia welcomes the recent launch of the Global Green fossil fuel technologies. For example, the Clean Energy Ini- Growth Institute (GGGI) by Korea, which will establish a tiative will drive advances in large-scale solar power, geother- network through which countries can draw from the shared mal, ocean energy and carbon capture and storage (CCS). u more on page 22 When science is in the headlines the Australian Science Media Centre is there to help scientists have their voices heard.

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Gold Sponsors are the Australian Academy of Science, ATSE, CSL Ltd, IBM Australia, Shell Australia Ltd and the University of Adelaide. Supporters include AMTA, Flinders University, Johnson Winter & Slattery, Microsoft Pty Ltd, O’Loughlins Lawyers and the Powerhouse Museum . australia/Korea 13

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Green growth and innovation Green growth is being examined by a range of countries and international organisations as an economic framework for sustainable growth.

By Michael Schwager [email protected]

reen growth is about managing key risks to the the Green Economy, with a particular focus on promot- economy, such as climate change and resource ing development. The US has announced that its priorities bottlenecks, in ways that simultaneously promote as host of Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in current growth and job creation. 2011 will include green growth. Further, the Organisation GAustralia’s Department of Innovation, Industry, Sci- for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ence and Research (DIISR) is supporting this process by has developed a Green Growth Strategy Report, which encouraging a transformation in Australian industries and was released at the OECD Ministerial Council Meeting businesses through its national innovation system. It aims on 25 and 26 May 2011. to drive knowledge creation, cutting-edge science and re- The OECD identifies three key elements to green search, international competitiveness and enhance sustain- growth policies: ability and productivity. ¢improving resource management and boosting productivity; Green growth has begun … ¢encouraging economic activity to take place where it Green growth will gradually transform production is of the best advantage to society over the long term; (through increased resource efficiency) and alter consump- and tion (by establishing and expanding markets for green ¢enabling new ways for business and the community products and services). There are a variety of opportunities to achieve these goals. Innovation was inherent in this transition. identified as being at the core of this First, consumers are reducing their environmental process. footprint, avoiding brands with poor environmental repu- tations and are often willing to pay a price premium for … but more green products, all of which are opening up new markets innovation for business. will be critical Second, financial markets are increasingly promot- As resource use continues to grow ing green outcomes, both directly (through the rise of in the future, there will be a point at socially responsible investment [SRI] funds, which target which outcomes that are simultaneously companies with good environmental and economic per- economically, environmentally and formance) and indirectly, as the broader financial com- socially beneficial will be limited by the munity increasingly includes environmental risk factors continued depletion of natural capital. in financial decisions. As an indicator of the scale of in- Innovation will be the key to doing more vestment opportunities in this space, in 2010 SRI funds with less, enabling continued growth managed an estimated $3.07 trillion in assets in the US, beyond present limits. representing approximately 12 per cent of the total mar- Innovation for green growth ketplace investment. involves two quite different Third, green growth is being examined by a range of processes, each with different countries and international organisations as an economic barriers to overcome. framework for sustainable growth. The United Nations The first process focuses on Environment Programme is looking at the potential of research and development. ‘Radical innovations’ (anything from new green building materials to fusion energy) have huge potential to drive green growth. The Australian Government provides funding directly to public research organisations, such as CSIRO, and also promotes research and development in business through the Research and Development Tax Credit. However, more can be done to capitalise on Australia’s research strengths. Businesses face a variety of challenges at demonstration and commercialisation phases, ranging from a lack of experience and skills, to an immature ven- ture capital market. Greater collaboration, improved skill development and the promotion of an innovation culture that supports research and development across the econ- omy, particularly in small to medium enterprises, will be critical to achieve green growth. The second process recognises that innovation is not just about new technology. It is also about greening the economy by increasing resource efficiency and implement- ing new production processes, distribution systems, busi- ness models, and communication strategies. Unfortunately, many small businesses do not have the time, skills or resources to adequately respond to these op- portunities. Often, green growth potential remains unrec- ognised or unexplored, due to lack of information or skills, or is perceived as being too peripheral to the bottom line. In other cases, cleaning up business operations may require significant investment or retooling. Australian Government programs, such as Enterprise Connect’s Clean Business Innovation Centre and Supplier Advocates, are contributing to overcoming these failures and easing restrictions on businesses’ access to finance. Green growth is about capturing opportunities from new technologies and innovative ways of doing business. The Australian Government has an important role in cata- lysing and supporting this transformation to secure a more prosperous and sustainable future for all Australians. t

Michael Schwager is currently Head of the Industry and Small Business Policy Division in the Australian Government’s Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR). The Division provides advice on a wide range of policy issues affecting the competitiveness and growth of Australian businesses; and has specific responsibilities for policies relating to small business, regulation reform, independent contractors and the service economy. His previous roles in the Australian Public Service included responsibility for pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry development, foreign investment attraction, international energy trade policy, agricultural trade policy and a stint managing corporate functions. He completed his Bachelor of Economics at the University of Sydney. australia/Korea 15

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Green Growth under the spotlight

Professor Robin Batterham and Professor Jong Kee Yeo at the workshop.

 Green growth options and the impact of low-carbon energy This edition of Focus concentrates on the emerging relationship in both countries were front of mind when leading Australian and interdependence between Australia and Korea, highlighting and Korean researchers, industry and business leaders and particularly the bilateral Green Growth endeavours. A number of the international workshop presenters have authored articles, as government officials met in Melbourne recently. well as leading figures in the Australia-Korea relationship. With the backing of the National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK), ATSE held the second international workshop – Australia Korea Green Growth – which followed the first bilateral approach to Green Growth and the country sees it as the best workshop, held in Seoul in April 2010. solution for promoting a sustainable climate and environment ATSE President Professor Robin Batterham AO FREng while building and maintaining internationally competitive FAA FTSE said that global understanding was emerging industries.” of the importance of integrated and innovative policies in resource management (including energy, water, food, health Speakers at the Plenary Session: and environmental security) – both within and transcending ¢Dr Terry Cutler FTSE, Chair of the Review of the National national borders – not only to address the challenges of climate Innovation System – The Imperatives Driving Collaboration; change but also to provide a positive stimulus for new jobs in ¢Mr Martin Hoffman, Deputy Secretary DRET – Australia: new industries with a strong and sustainable economy. Transitioning to a Low-Carbon Future; “Such an integrated, multidisciplinary approach is being ¢Dr Joon-Hyun Lee, President, Korea Institute of Energy termed in a number of arenas as ‘Green Growth’, ” Professor Technology Evaluation and Planning – Current Status and Batterham said. “The Green Growth initiatives being actively Perspectives of Green Energy Technology Policy in Korea; and pursued by the Republic of Korea have important policy ¢Mr Michael Schwager, Head of Division, Industry and Small implications in Australia. Business Policy, DIISR – Green Growth: Innovation Driving the “Korea has already implemented a comprehensive strategic transition to sustainable development.

Letters to the Editor ATSE Focus welcomes letters from readers in response to articles. Please keep letters brief to enhance publication prospects. Longer letters may be run as contributed articles. Please address to [email protected] 16 australia/Korea

Jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au

Australian speakers at the workshop Korean workshop participants Australian speakers at the workshop were drawn from Korean participants included Professor Jong Kee Yeo, Executive universities, CSIRO, Cooperative Research Centres and industry Vice President, National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK); and included Dr David Brockway FTSE, Director, Global Energy, Dr Sangwook Park, Principal Research Engineer, Solar Research CSIRO, and Professor Veena Sahajwalla FTSE, Director, Centre Institute, Solar Business Division, LG Electronics; Dr Kyungkon Kim, for Sustainable Materials Research & Technology, UNSW. Solar Cells Center, Korean Institute of Science & Technology (KIST); Others were Professor Richard Corkish, Head of School of Professor Myongsook Oh, Department of Chemical Engineering, Photovoltaic & Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW; Dr Hongik University; Dr Dae Gee Huh, Korea Institute of Geoscience Michael Goldsworthy, CEO, SilexSolar; Dr Gerry Wilson, Theme and Mineral Resources; Dr Chong Kul Ryu, Chief Researcher, Green Leader, CSIRO Future Manufacturing Flagship; Ms Sylvia Growth Laboratory, KEPCO Research Institute; Dr Yoonho Song, Tulloch, Managing Director, Dyesol; Dr David Harris, Theme Geothermal Resources Department, Korea Institute of Geoscience Leader, Energy Technology, CSIRO; Mr Peter Coombes, and Mineral Resources; Dr Seok Hun Kang, Senior Researcher, Manager Sustainability, Delta Energy; Professor Rachel Webster, Korea Institute of Energy Research; Mr. Soon Yeol Jeong, Senior Melbourne Energy Institute, Melbourne University; Dr Graeme Manager, Korea Electric Power Corporations; and Mr Taehyong Beardsmore, Technical Director, Hot Dry Rocks Pty Ltd; Ms Anna Park, Group Leader, Business Strategy & Marketing Group, Fuel Skarbek, Executive Director, ClimateWorks Australia; Mr Alan Cell Division, POSCO Power. Pears, Co-director of Sustainable Solutions; Adjunct Professor at The workshop, supported by the Australian Government RMIT Centre for Design; Dr David Cornforth, Research Scientist, and the Australia–Korea Foundation, aimed to inform CSIRO Energy Technology; Professor David Hill, Chair, University Government, industry and the research community of the of Sydney Centre for Intelligent Electricity Networks; and potential to pursue a coordinated Green Growth policy in Dr Mark Bonnar, Investment Director, Cleantech Ventures. Australia.

t From page 10 ATSE welcomes Ian Chubb Time to promote more as new Chief Scientist bilateral collaboration  In a media release responding to the appointment of Professor Ian Chubb activities to green growth and climate change. On the as Chief Scientist, ATSE said his long and distinguished record in science and contrary, the scope and areas for cooperation should be academia would help him serve the nation well in the role. expanded. Agri-food, manufacturing technology, chem- Professor Robin Batterham AO FREng FAA FTSE, ATSE President and former ical research, telecommunication, information technol- Chief Scientist, said Professor Chubb – the 2011 ACT Australian of the Year – ogy and other fields can be taken into account. had provided three decades of service to tertiary education and university Indeed, the Agreement between the Government of governance in Australia and internationally and had made an exceptional Australia and the Government of the Republic of Ko- contribution to the Australian National University in the decade he served as its rea on Scientific and Technical Cooperation, signed in Vice Chancellor. 1999, provides an existing mechanism for bilateral col- A neuroscientist by training, Professor Chubb understood science, believed a laboration. Based on this Agreement, both countries robust higher education system was crucial to the economic and social success need to work together to develop our innovative ideas of the nation and had been a powerful commentator on education policy, into meaningful and sizeable collaborative programs in Professor Batterham said. the areas of science and technology. t “ATSE and the Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACoLA) look forward to working with Professor Chubb in his new role to ensure that Government His Excellency Professor Kim Woo-sang was investment in technology and science is maintained appointed the Korean Ambassador to Australia in May 2008. and our established skills and commercial results in Previously he was director of the Institution of East and many areas of pure and applied research are enhanced,” West Studies at Yonsei University, member of the Advisory Professor Batterham said. Committee of National Security Council, and a key adviser “We look forward to him bringing his broad suite of to President-elect Lee Myung-Bak on foreign policy and skills to bear for the benefit of the entire spectrum security. He received his PhD in Political Science in 1988 from of research – from fundamental inquiry to the University of Rochester. For 20 years he has researched RD&D at the commercial stage.” and taught international politics at a number of institutions Liaison with the Minister’s office including Hoover Institution at Stanford, Texas A&M and resulted in the ATSE media release being Yonsei University in Seoul. He still holds a professorial posted as a link on the Minister’s website. Ian Chubb position at Yonsei. australia/Korea 17

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Australian CCS lessons have world value Considerable research is needed to optimise CCS technologies for coal-fired power generation, but all the elements are known and proven.

By David Brockway [email protected]

he term carbon capture and sequestration or carbon The key objective of the CCS Flagship program is to capture and storage (CCS) is often misunderstood facilitate at least one and preferably several commercial- or at best misapplied to only part of the complete scale CCS plants in Australia. The CCS Flagship funding CCS process. For power production from fossil fu- was intended to provide the additional resources, over and Tels, CSS can be considered to include three key elements. above that provided by industry and State Governments, The first comprises a number of energy conversion process- to ensure commercial viability of the projects. es involving coal combustion and/or gasification through Following a short listing process, four projects were se- to power production. The second includes separation and lected to prepare full business cases from which the Com- capture of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, usually monwealth would select one or more for funding support. drying and compression of the gas and its transmission or These four are the ZeroGen, Wandoan, CarbonNet and Col- transportation to a sequestration site. The third comprises lie Hub projects. The two Queensland projects (ZeroGen essentially permanent sequestration or storage of the CO2. and Wandoan) are for standalone IGCC-CCS projects and

In the case of geosequestration, storage is achieved in the latter two are for projects with a hub collecting CO2 from a porous rock with an impermeable cap rock at a depth of a number of sources from which the gas will be sequestered. at least 800 metres, such that the CO2 remains as a super- Example of sources include the HRL Dual Gas critical fluid while it undergoes further chemical and/or IDGCC plant and/or the TRUenergy IGCC plant in physical reactions with its surroundings over many years. Victoria (CarbonNet) and the Perdaman coal to urea While there remains considerable research to optimise plant in WA (Collie Hub) (see www.atse.org.au/resource- CCS technologies for coal-fired power generation, all the centre/func-startdown/373). elements are known and proven, albeit often at a smaller Separate from but complementary to the CCS Flag- scale and without full integration. The principal chal- ship projects, a number of other CC demonstration plants lenge facing large-scale adoption of CCS technologies is are planned such as post-combustion capture (PCC) to achieve demonstration of a number of integrated tech- plants at existing power stations in Victoria, NSW and nologies and apply the learnings from these to improve possibly Queensland. the technologies and significantly reduce their cost. To One project that has progressed well past the planning this end the G20 announced the objective to achieve 20 stage and is now in construction is the Callide oxyfiring commercial-scale CCS demonstrations by 2020. demonstration. This project is based around repowering The Australian Government accepted the challenge to the 30MW Callide A power station in Queensland to play its part supporting several such demonstration plants. operate as an oxyfiring pulverised fuel boiler plant (see Recognising that these plants would be high-cost, first-of- www.atse.org.au/resource-centre/func-startdown/373). a-kind and competing in the Australian electricity market, In light of recent experiences and events, some modifi- several years ago the Commonwealth announced the CCS cation to the original CCS Flagship program has been an- Flagship program, originally funded with $2 billion and nounced. Recent experiences and events include: reduced to $1.68 billion in the recent Federal Budget. ¢the need, cost and risk to delineate a ‘bankable’ The black coal industry also committed significant sequestration site has become clearer following the funding ($1 billion) to CCS demonstrations as have some experience of ZeroGen. (ZeroGen was arguably the State governments, notably Victoria – with its Energy leading CCS project in Australia; certainly the most Technology Innovation Strategy (ETIS) program. developed. In attempting to delineate a bankable ATSE168_CluniesRoss.indd 1 18/05/11 1:17 PM australia/Korea 19

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus

sequestration site, the company is believed to have Possibly, in light of these experiences and events, the committed about $90 million to exploration in the most recent Federal Budget announced changes to the Dennison Trough only to find that it was unsuitable CCS Flagship program including savings of $250.9 million, due to low permeability and porosity in the basin); with $60.9 million to be redirected to the establishment of

¢there are a number of other challenges around a ‘National CO2 Infrastructure Plan’. Clearly funding for the first-of-a-kind CCS project including permitting, plan is intended to contribute to addressing the issue of de- technology integration and a schedule determined by lineating ‘bankable’ sequestration sites. The budget also an- external considerations; nounced ‘rephasing’ of $420 million to 2015-16 and beyond. ¢there has been an unforeseen, rapid and significant It is critically important that a significant number of escalation of capital cost for plant and equipment over CCS demonstration projects are undertaken world-wide. recent years; The recent experiences in Australia appear to hold impor- ¢the global financial crisis has significantly impacted on tant lessons for other countries embarking on a CCS dem- the capacity of the Federal Budget to provide funding onstration program. t for the CCS program at level and in the timeframe originally envisaged; and Dr David Brockway FTSE is Director Global Energy for CSIRO. In this ¢it has become apparent that the Commonwealth funds role he is responsible for developing major national and international alone may be insufficient to ensure commercial viability collaborations between CSIRO, other research organisations, industry of full-scale coal-fired generation plants incorporating and governments. Until recently he was Chief of CSIRO’s Division of CCS in the Australian electricity market, considering Energy Technology, which undertakes R&D on fossil fuels, renewables, that the market is one of the most competitive in the energy storage, intelligent energy management, distributed world (under current policy settings, new generation generation and energy scenario modelling. For the previous plant incorporating CCS will find it hard to compete decade he was CEO of the CRC for Clean Power from Lignite and its commercially with existing plant with largely written predecessor, the CRC for New Technologies for Power Generation from down capital and no CCS.) Low-Rank Coal. This was preceded by 13 years with the SEC Victoria. Research collaboration in the spotlight  Four experts with international experience Professorial Fellow, University of NSW (UNSW), Durrant-Whyte FAA FRS FTSE, CEO, NICTA; in the linking of research organisations and addressed the Asian experience. Dr Alan Finkel AM FTSE, Chancellor, Monash industry were among the speakers at a May The European experiences was addressed University; and Dr Rowan Gilmore FTSE, CEO, seminar in Sydney that put the spotlight on the by Dr Anders Hallgren, Director, Sydnovate Australian Institute of Commercialisation. strengthening collaboration between research (formerly from Sweden) and Dr Klaus Lips, Other speakers included Mr Ken Pettifer, organisations and industry in Australia. Deputy Director, Institute Silicon Photovoltaics, Division Head of Innovation, Department of The issue is a key to national innovation Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Innovation, Industry, Science and Research; as the effectiveness of research collaborations Energie (Germany). Dr Katherine Woodthorpe, CEO Australian between research organisations and industry They spoke at a two-day workshop, Private Equity & Venture Capital Association Ltd; reflects to a large extent the success of a Strengthening Links Between Industry and Public Professor Les Field FAA, Deputy Vice-Chancellor nation’s innovation system, which in turn Sector Research Organisations, held at the (Research), UNSW; Dr Wayne Stange, CEO, influences the nation’s economic prosperity. NSW Trade and Investment Centre, Sydney, AMIRA International; Dr Greg Smith, Executive Deeper collaboration between industry organised by the Academy, funded by Federal Director, SciVentures; and Dr Alastair Hick, and academia and research organisations Government through ISL-SAP and hosted Director Commercialisation, Monash University. is encouraged by governments to increase for the NSW Government by Professor Mary Dr Terry Cutler FTSE, Principal, Cutler & Co, national competitiveness and wealth creation. O’Kane FTSE, NSW Chief Scientist. was the speaker at the workshop dinner and Professor Philip Ternouth, Visiting Professor, ATSE Fellows speaking at the event session chairs included Emeritus Professor University of Salford, and Associate Director for included Professor Robin Batterham AO Lesley Parker AM FTSE, Dr Bob Frater AO R&D and Knowledge Transfer at the UK Council FREng FAA FTSE, ATSE President; Professor FTSE, Dr John Bell FTSE, Mr Peter Tyree FTSE for Industry and Higher Education, addressed Paul Greenfield AO FTSE, Vice-Chancellor, and Professor Judy Raper FTSE. Professor Ron the situation in Britain. Professor Liangchi University of Queensland; Dr Jim Patrick FTSE, Johnston FTSE and Mr David Hinds FTSE were Zhang FTSE, Scientia Professor and Australian Chief Scientist, Cochlear Ltd; Professor Hugh session leaders. 20 australia/Korea

Jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au Leading the way on carbon capture and storage Australia has the potential to be a significant player in CCS and has been a pioneer in taking this technology forward.

By John Kaldi and Dae-Gee Huh [email protected] [email protected]

ncreasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the at- Australia, through the efforts of the Cooperative

mosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies burning fossil fuels, are linked to climate change and (CO2CRC), has been a pioneer in taking this technology are a major national and international concern. forward since 1999. CO2CRC is a joint venture linking IAustralia and Korea have a greater reliance on fossil fu- participants from Australian and international industry, els for their energy supply and industry than many other universities and other research bodies (including in New developed countries. Australia is one of the world’s largest Zealand, the US and Canada, as well as Korea). energy exporters and Korea one of the world’s largest ener- Australian State and Federal governments have placed gy importers. Consequently, international efforts to limit CCS firmly on the agenda, introducing legislation to cover

CO2 emissions worldwide will impact on both countries’ CO2 storage in 2008 (Federal offshore and Victorian on- economies. shore storage bills) and establishing the Australian-based Australia has the potential to be a significant player Global CCS Institute. in the emerging new field of carbon capture and storage (CCS) – a technology that could potentially mitigate

more than half of Australia’s CO2 emissions – mostly from the coal-fired power stations that supply 80 per cent of Australia’s electricity.

A Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) scientist adjusting fittings for downhole assembly before lowering into CRC-2 well at Australia’s CO2CRC Otway Project. australia/Korea 21

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus

CCS involves removing CO2 from the waste gases of The CO2CRC Otway Project major stationary sources, such as power plants, oil and There are a number of storage projects underway or gas production facilities, petroleum refineries and ce- planned around the world, but there is only one project ment plants, and storing it rather than releasing it to the in Australia actually injecting CO2 underground at this atmosphere. time – the CO2CRC Otway Project, the world’s largest

The CO2 is separated, captured and compressed before and most comprehensive non-commercial geosequestra- being transported via pipeline and injected as a super- tion research and demonstration project. critical liquid into suitable geological formations at least Based in south-west Victoria, the CO2CRC Otway 800 metres below ground. At this depth the subsurface Project has safely stored and monitored more than 65,000 pressure keeps the CO2 in its dense form. tonnes of CO2-rich gas at a depth of approximately two ki- The rocks required for injection must have adequate lometres during Stage 1 of the project. Stage 2, now under- porosity in which CO2 can be stored, as well as suitable way, will inject smaller amounts into a different geological permeability to allow the CO2 to be injected into the reser- formation as part of ongoing experiments designed to fill voir, and an impermeable cap rock seal above to ensure that in some of the knowledge gaps regarding CO2 storage. the injected fluid stays in the target reservoir. Depleted oil A major feature of the Otway Project is a comprehensive and gas reservoirs are a good example of the type of forma- monitoring and verification program, one of the most rigor- tions required for storage but there are a range of options ous in the world, which allows researchers from Australia, for storing CO2 for thousands if not millions of years. Korea, the US, New Zealand and Canada to better under-

Studies are underway to better characterise Australia stand and model the behaviour of the injected CO2. and Korea’s storage potential but it is believed that Austra- In planning the Otway Project, detailed geological lian geology is capable of storing hundreds of years’ worth models were built for the storage location, using regional of the country’s CO2 emissions at current rates. Korea has, data, depositional models and core data from well drill- at present, far less identified storage capacity. ing. These models were then used as the basis for model- 22 australia/Korea

Jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au

ling the movement of the CO2, in order to predict how The project’s main technical achievement to date has the injected plume would behave and guide the monitor- been to demonstrate a carbon storage project from end

ing program. These models predicted that the CO2 ‘foot- to end, starting with site selection, geological and reser- print’ would be stable over long periods of time. voir modelling, and moving on to the current phase of Data from deep subsurface monitoring in the storage monitoring and verification. Site closure will follow in due zone is used to calibrate and test the project’s computer course with a program of continued low-level monitoring models. A major outcome of the project is that the models that will be agreed with regulators.

will provide reliable tools for understanding CO2 storage The Otway Project has also tested the existing Austra- that can in turn inform future large-scale storage projects lian legislation regarding CCS, identifying conflicts and in Australia and elsewhere. overlaps between the relevant jurisdictions and helping to Assurance monitoring is also being carried out at shape both the Victorian Greenhouse Gas and Geologi-

the surface and near-surface. While no escape of CO2 is cal Sequestration Act 2008, which provides a regulatory

expected, atmospheric CO2 is continuously monitored framework for onshore geological CO2 storage, and the to detect low levels of ‘seepage’ from the reservoir. In ad- Australian Government’s Environmental Guidelines for dition, soil gas levels are monitored seasonally, as is the Carbon Dioxide Capture and Geological Storage. chemistry of local deep and shallow water bores. Importantly the Otway Project is also demonstrating To enable researchers to distinguish between injected to the community, both locally and to the wider public,

and naturally occurring CO2 underground in the reservoir, that CO2 storage is both safe and secure. This is key if CCS

the injected CO2 has been uniquely marked with small is to be an effective element in the suite of tools needed to amounts of chemically benign tracer compounds that al- lessen the impact of climate change.

low researchers to track the movement of the injected Korea plans to install two CO2 storage demonstration plume and understand its behaviour. projects by 2015. In order to reduce risks for these demonstra- Results from the monitoring program so far have found tion projects, technical specialists from Korea are utilising the

that the rate and direction of CO2 migration has fitted with- Otway Project to gain experience for the better understand-

in the range of predictions from pre-injection numerical ing of CO2 geological storage and monitoring mechanisms. modelling, giving researchers confidence that the models are For this reason, Korean scientists and engineers are active par-

robust and can reasonably predict how the CO2 will behave. ticipants and contributors to the Otway Project. t t From page 11 John Kaldi is the Chief Scientist for CO2CRC and Professor Transitioning to a low-carbon future and Chair of Geosequestration at the University of Adelaide. knowledge of experts in policy and technology from around the world. His expertise is in CO2 storage and petroleum geosciences Australia is providing $10 million towards the GGGI because we see it and his previous role was heading the Australian School of as a very complementary initiative to Australia’s other international ef- Petroleum (ASP) at the University of Adelaide. Prior to forts to help clean energy cooperation, including participation in the In- academia, Professor Kaldi spent 18 years in the petroleum ternational Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy industry (with Shell, Arco and Vico), in both technical and Agency (IRENA), and the Clean Energy Ministerial. Most importantly, managerial roles. He has received numerous honours and it provides a forum for countries to share learnings from work in the criti- awards from professional societies, including the American cal sector of transformational change in how we produce and use energy. Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)’s Special Australia looks forward to another 50 years of friendship with Korea. Commendation for Significant Lifetime Contributions to I particularly welcome the opportunity to continue to work closely on Petroleum Geology; Distinguished Service Award; Honorary the goal of a global transition to a lower carbon future. t Member Award; and Public Outreach Award.

Mr Martin Hoffman is currently the Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth Dr Dae-Gee Huh has been Principal Researcher at the Korea Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism. He joined the Australian public Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) since service in March 2009 as a First Assistant Secretary in the Department of the 1989 and contemporaneously is President, Korean Society Prime Minister and Cabinet. Mr Hoffman previously had a lengthy private sector for Geosystem Engineering; Director, Petroleum Technology career primarily in digital media and technology, including as CEO of NineMSN, Research Organisation; and a Professor at the University of Australia’s largest internet media company, and as a venture capital investor Science and Technology (UST). He is a former President of the and executive to smaller companies. He also held senior management roles with Society of Petroleum Engineers, Korea. He has a PhD in Petroleum Fairfax Media and Optus. He holds an MBA(Hons), MAppFin, and BEc. engineering, University of Southern California, and graduated in Mineral Engineering from Seoul National University. australia/Korea 23

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus New technologies behind solar power integration As third-generation solar moves out of the laboratories and pilot plants, we can look forward to photovoltaic functionality in our urban environments and everyday objects.

By Gerry Wilson and Sylvia Tulloch [email protected] [email protected]

s the costs of solar power get closer to the costs of DSC technology can best be described as ‘artificial A researcher power generation from nuclear and fossil fuels, sci- photosynthesis’, using a multilayer configuration including in the entists have begun working on new forms of solar an electrolyte, a layer of titania (a pigment used in white Victorian technology that will enable solar power to be better paints and toothpaste) and ruthenium dye deposited on Organic Aintegrated into our communities. glass, metal or polymer substrates. Light striking the dye ex- Solar Cell Solar power was long considered an expensive solution cites electrons, which are absorbed by the titania to become Consortium to the Earth’s future energy needs and the quest to drive an electric current many times stronger than that found demonstrates down manufacturing costs has stimulated much research in natural photosynthesis in plants. The titania layer is es- ultrasonic into non-silicon PV technologies. This work, which began sentially a paint where the pigment is nano-scale titania, so spray in the 1970s, led to a new generation of solar cells – ge- conventional paint application processes such as printing, deposition of nerically called Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs), including rolling and spraying can be used in the factories where the a BHJ solar Dye Sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC) and solar cells based on DSC panels are manufactured. Pilot plants already produce cell. Bulk HeteroJunctions (BHJ). solar steel roofing panels, DSC solar glass façade panels and While all solar technologies need to address issues of inserts for everyday objects such as backpacks. cost, longevity and efficiency, the approach taken can be Bulk HeteroJunction solar cells (BHJs) are multilayer quite different depending on the method of PV generation. devices that are deceptively simple both in terms of their The potential benefits of OPVs can be summarised: structure and method of production. They comprise an ¢they have very low barriers to entry (they rely on active layer sandwiched between two electrodes – one of print and spray deposition techniques rather than the which is transparent. Laboratory-made BHJ solar cells expensive turnkey systems required for silicon PV); have now reached efficiencies of about 10 per cent, which ¢they have low manufacturing and transport costs represents approximately a 10-fold improvement in the (reel-to-reel production speeds of up to 400 metres space of just five years. Substantial improvements have also per minute and hundreds of metres of solar cells been made in module durability and lifetime, with mod- contained in a single roll): ules now lasting for thousands of hours under conditions ¢they are also lightweight, flexible/conformable, of constant illumination and at elevated temperature. colourful, user-friendly and versatile both aesthetically Nevertheless, challenges remain, particularly in repli- and architecturally; cating these lab-based efficiencies under full-scale manu- ¢the constituent materials also have a very low embedded- facturing conditions, and also in improving the longevity energy content compared to silicon; and, importantly, of modules to 100,000s of hours. However, the BHJ com- ¢they can be integrated into products which are not munity remains very confident that these challenges can stand alone solar panels, but that are integrated into be overcome. The reason for optimism is that in much the buildings, vehicles and consumer goods. same way as the silicon solar cell industry benefited from 24 australia/Korea

Jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au

the earlier silicon computer-chip industry, so also are BHJ research innovation of their display industry colleagues. researchers benefiting from the enormous amount of re- Based on the increased R&D activity in both these areas search and investment in display technology, in particular and on the impressive progress to date, the future of BHJ Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). solar cells looks very bright indeed. Simplistically, an OLED can be considered as a BHJ As third-generation solar moves out of the laboratories solar cell run in ‘reverse mode’ and because OLED displays and pilot plants and into factories, we can look forward face the same challenges as BHJ solar cells in terms of effi- to photovoltaic functionality being incorporated into our ciency and durability, BHJ researchers can ‘slipstream’ the urban environments and everyday objects. t

Dr Gerry Wilson received his BSc (Hons) from University College Sylvia Tulloch was the founding Managing Director of Dyesol, the Dublin and a PhD from the Research School of Chemistry (ANU) leading corporation in commercialising Dye Solar Cell technology, where he used nanosecond and picosecond light pulses to study and is now a director and major shareholder. Since 1995, she has how molecules absorb, use and dissipate light energy. He joined been part of the Australian DSC R&D project. Her business focus is CSIRO in 1992 to work on high-level security features for polymer in the commercialisation process and the cleantech and advanced banknotes. In 2006 he established the Flexible Electronics Theme technology sectors. She is a past President of the Australian Sustainable at CSIRO whose activities focus on developing novel materials Energy Industry Association, a member of the Future Manufacturing and manufacturing processes for thin-film solar cells, solid-state Industry Innovation Council, which provides advice to the Minister of lighting and displays, and organic field effect transistors. Industry, and a director on the Boards of four technology companies.

need to focus resources into capabilities that infrastructure, resulting in Australia regularly Academy calls address national research priority areas, while missing opportunities to transform industries or recognising that some of the capabilities cut obtain economic returns on Australian research for investment across multiple priorities and working groups. from licensing our IP because this gap restricted However, it noted that the discussion access to commercial opportunities. This in research paper did not consider the distinct needs for problem was particularly acute for disruptive research infrastructure to support the needs of technologies because, by definition, such infrastructure industry (present and future). technologies had potential in industry sectors  The Academy believes that the 2011 Strategic First, there was a need to invest in research to which they were foreign – where there was Roadmap for Australian Research Infrastructure infrastructure that could underpin the translation no, or limited, relevant industry infrastructure. needs to ensure that there is appropriate of research results and IP from the academic and Industry access to research infrastructure investment in research infrastructure that can publicly funded research sectors, into commercial needed to improve, ATSE said. While there was underpin the translation of research results outcomes and economic benefits. It was widely some mention of this in the Discussion paper, and intellectual property (IP) into commercial recognised, ATSE said, that while Australia it needed to remain a priority. In addition, ATSE outcomes and economic benefits. performed well against international benchmarks recommended stronger engagement with This includes adequate industry consultation in a range of research areas, it was relatively poor industry during any future processes scoping in the scoping of research capability requirements at harnessing and transforming this activity. research capability requirements. and access to research infrastructure. In many areas of research there was a gap ATSE emphasised that the most important Furthermore, the Academy is particularly between the kind of infrastructure needed challenges the nation faces, from climate keen to see that any Roadmap for Research to support research and secure research change to improved medical diagnostics, Infrastructure has a visible and stated target of publication outcomes (which is where NCRIS required the development of knowledge and attempting to maximise the innovation dividend investment to date has been focused) and the technologies that could not come from any from the public funding of research in Australia. type of infrastructure needed to support the one field or area alone. These are the key elements of ATSE’s May commercialisation of the research, ATSE said. Noting that current drivers of research 2011 submission to the DIISR Discussion Paper For example, the development of product activity and behaviour – such as the ERA on the 2011 Strategic Roadmap for Australian prototypes typically formed a critical part of assessment exercise and the structure of grant Research Infrastructure. any technology commercialisation strategy, funding panels – discourage interdisciplinary- ATSE’s submission said it recognised that but generally required the establishment of based drivers, ATSE urged DIISR to create an high-quality accessible research infrastructure, pilot-scale fabrication and packaging facilities, approach to funding research infrastructure supported by expert technical staff, enabled generally not found in research organisations. that actively encouraged researchers to high-quality research and supported the Typically, industry also did not have such collaborate across discipline boundaries. australia/Korea 25

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus New trends in silicon PV technoloogy The ‘game-changing’ technology of seeded casting of ingots, from which silicon wafers are cut, has been impacting on the industry since late 2010.

By Richard Corkish and Sangwook Park [email protected] [email protected]

n 2010 the world’s output of new solar cells grew by single crystal p-type wafers but there is no obvious advan- 118 per cent to 27.2 gigawatts (GW) generating capac- tage for multicrystalline wafers, since they have less incor- ity and the fraction made on silicon wafers grew from porated oxygen. 84 to 88 per cent. Looking at solar cell manufacturing technologies, the IThe share of the wafers of the single crystal type fell push for thinner wafers, to both cut material usage and in favour of lower quality, but cheaper, multicrystalline or directly boost cell efficiency, tends to reduce production ribbon wafers. Amidst the production boom, we are not yields due to cracking and breaking of cells, especially in yet seeing the long-expected displacement of silicon wafer the harsh step of screen printing the silver-loaded paste to cells by any of the various competing thin film technolo- form the metal contacts. gies but, rather, a swing back towards silicon wafers. Gentler processes, such as metal plating, are being The costs of p-type wafer cells are reducing and are ex- introduced by some manufacturers to form contacts pected to reduce further for several reasons simultaneously. while avoiding screen printing. Plating is compatible First, since wafer cost dominates cell cost, reducing the with thinner metal grid lines on the front of a cell and kerf (‘sawdust’) loss in cutting wafers and gentler cell pro- with avoidance of the prolonged heating of the cell to cessing to allow thinner wafers cuts material costs. Mak- high temperatures in the ‘firing’ of the metal paste used ing bigger ingots from which the wafers are cut also im- in the conventional screen printing technique. Avoid- proves the manufacturing efficiency for wafer production ance of such heating avoids degradation of wafer quality, but, more importantly, the ‘game-changing’ technology of especially in multicrystalline wafers and in even cheaper seeded casting of ingots has been impacting on the indus- wafers made from poor-quality upgraded metallurgical try since late 2010. grade silicon. A handful of wafer manufacturers have recently re- Another advanced cell approach, being implemented vealed their ability to make silicon ingots by a hybrid in several similar ways around the world, including with multicrystalline growth technique that starts from a large metal plated contacts, is that of forming a ‘selective emit- single-crystal seed, producing ingots with such large crys- ter’ at the front surface of the cell. This means, for a p-type tals that single crystal wafers may be sliced from them. In cell, that the phosphorus (Group V) that is normally heav- addition, the problematical impurity of oxygen is low in ily diffused into the entire front cell surface is restricted to these ingots. selected, necessary, areas. This reduces the usual degrada- The leading manufacturer of production equipment tion of cell response to the blue/violet fraction of sunlight for multicrystalline ingots has now mastered the method and, thereby, boosts cell efficiency. and widespread adoption of this technology could fol- Another technique, called ‘metal wrap through’, con- low if costs can be driven down. Using p-type wafers from ducts the front contacts through holes through the cell to seeded ingots can allow manufacture of 18-per-cent effi- cient cells instead of 16.5 per cent from normal multicrys- talline wafers. A brief overview of some of the technological In parallel, there are worldwide efforts to develop cost- developments driving expectations of increased effective cell technologies on n-type wafers (doped with value from ‘old hat’ p-type (doped with impurities impurities from Group V of the periodic table). Single from Group III of the periodic table) wafer cells and crystal n-type wafers have an advantage over conventional moving the goalposts for challengers. 26 australia/Korea

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the rear, reducing blocking of light from the front and sim- Dr Richard Corkish is Head, School of Photovoltaic and plifying interconnection of cells. Renewable Energy Engineering, at the University of New South Simultaneously, improvements are being made in pro- Wales (UNSW). He graduated with distinction as a Communications cessing the rear surfaces of cells. In order to allow highly ef- Engineer from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in ficient collection and conversion of light to electricity, the 1986, then worked with the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics on disruption of crystalline continuity at cell surfaces needs satellite earth-station antenna design and testing before studying to be passivated with interface materials such as silicon ox- for his PhD under the supervision of Professor Martin Green at ide, silicon nitride, amorphous silicon or aluminium oxide. UNSW’s Centre for Photovoltaic Devices and Systems. After a brief In conventional cells, though, a metal contact covers the period working with the Rainbow Power Company he has worked whole rear. on solar cell theory, applications and education at UNSW. New techniques, including inkjet printing, permit the patterning of passivating layers to beneficially reduce the Dr Sangwook Park has been a Principal Research Engineer at contact area of silicon to metal. LG Electronics in Korea since April 2010. His group concentrates It appears that a range of improved technologies is in- on new technologies in silicon solar cell production and research. jecting new life into the old industry mainstay of p-type Dr Park graduated in Chemistry at the KyungHee University silicon wafer solar cells and it is not yet ready to yield in Korea in 1998 and worked for Samsung in Korea as a senior ground to any of the many challengers. t researcher for seven years. In 2009, he received his PhD at the University of New South Wales. He is author and co-author of more Further information than 30 conference and 20 journal publications and 25 patents on Stuart Wenham, ‘Manufacturing Trends‘, lecture to the SOLA2020 high-efficiency silicon solar cells and Si Quantum Dot Solar cells. Photovoltaics Manufacturing class at UNSW, 21 April 2011 (www.pv.unsw.edu.au/videos/Wenham-Lecture/index.asp) Fischer, M., et al., International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic, Berlin, 2010 (www.itrpv.net/status.html)

MMG congratulates the winners of the 2011 ATSE Clunies Ross Awards

MMG, owned by Minmetals Resources, is a diversified mining and base metals company headquartered in Australia and listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange. We are one of the world’s largest producers of zinc and a substantial producer of copper, lead, gold and silver. MMG operates a number of mines in Australia and Laos as well as development projects and greenfield exploration programs. We are a major employer of skilled technical people in the fields of engineering, metallurgy, geology, geoscience and environmental science; all of which contribute to the ongoing success of our operations. MMG is proud to support initiatives like the ATSE Extreme Science Experience recognising excellence in science, and providing school students with opportunities to meet scientists and consider further education and careers in science and technology.

www.mmg.com australia/Korea 27

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Strengthening relations – link by link, project by project

David Palmer

The Australia–Korea Foundation has delivered a range of quality projects that Young Korean have broadened and enhanced the links that bring the two countries together. leaders participating in the 2010 Next By David Palmer Generation [email protected] Leaders Program in he importance of Australia–Korea relations for cluded high-profile cultural diplomacy events both in Ko- Australia both countries is made clear by the crucial econom- rea and Australia. ic, political and strategic partnership we enjoy. On These are even more of a priority this year with 2011 the other hand, it is also clear that people-to-people being the Australia–Korea Year of Friendship, commemo- Tlinks have traditionally lagged behind other aspects of the rating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplo- relationship. One of the challenges has been, and to a large matic relations. extent remains, the relative lack of awareness of Korea in The AKF also funds a scholarship program, which Australia and of Australia in Korea. aims to develop a body of Australian graduates with a good The Australia–Korea Foundation (AKF) is the Aus- understanding of all facets of Korean culture and society, tralian Government’s key public diplomacy program for as well as of the bilateral relationship, thereby increasing strengthening people-to-people links. The AKF was estab- Australia’s capacity to engage with Korea in the future. lished in 1992 and comprises a secretariat and a board of Developing partnerships and collaboration in science prominent Australians from a range of backgrounds. and technology is also a focus for the Foundation, and in The primary mechanism for the AKF to achieve its this work we have been greatly assisted by the presence of mission has been through an annual grants round. Through Professor Mike Miller AO FTSE, who is a member of both the funding of grants, the AKF has delivered a wide range the AKF Board and the ATSE Board. of quality projects that have broadened and enhanced the The AKF has worked closely with our friends in ATSE links that bring the two countries together. These have in- to deliver quality projects. For example, the AKF helped 28 australia/Korea

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fund ATSE and the Australian Academy of Science (AAS) partnership has been the Australia–Korea Next Genera- Early Career Researcher Program, which received a record tion Leaders Exchange Program, which is a major joint number of applications this year; 15 successful applicants initiative with the Korea Foundation. will undertake a two-week program in Seoul from 16 to The last visit took place in August 2010 and involved 27 May. 10 young Korean leaders travelling to Australia to partici- The AKF also supported ATSE with its second in- pate in a program under the theme of ‘Green Growth’. In ternational workshop on Australia Korea Green Growth, November 2011, a delegation from Australia will under- held in Melbourne on 17 and 18 March 2011. The work- take a program of visits in Korea under the theme of ‘Sus- shop sought to take advantage of Australia’s comparative tainable Water Resource Management’. strength in advanced, fundamental and applied technol- For more information on the Australia–Korea Foun- ogy research and Korea’s comparative strength in advanced dation, please visit the website (www.dfat.gov.au/akf ). t manufacturing and development, by looking at the pos- sible implications of Korea’s green growth initiatives for David Palmer is Chair of the Australia–Korea Foundation Australia. and Managing Director of Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA). This year also saw the latest iteration of the Korea Aus- Mr Palmer has been travelling to Korea for business purposes for tralia New Zealand Broadband Summit, with which the more than two decades and has established strong links within AKF has been proudly associated since its inception. The the commercial sector in Korea. A former Executive Director of event was held in Hobart and we were pleased by the qual- the Cattle Council of Australia, he joined the Australian Meat & ity of the Korean delegation, which included the Korean Livestock Corporation in 1995, managing food safety and quality Minister responsible for IT and communications as well as assurance programs. In 1998, Mr Palmer joined the newly formed representatives from leading Korean IT companies. MLA as General Manager, Industry Affairs and Communication, Another highlight of the AKF’s contribution to the and then as North American Regional Manager. He was appointed development of Australia–Korea science and technology Managing Director in 2006. australia/Korea 29

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Broadband leads current technology initiatives International collaboration will be essential to take best advantage of opportunities flowing in modern digital economies.

By Mike Miller [email protected]

ore frequently than ever before, Australia and Korean political figures are exchanging visits and discussing increasing collaboration in the high technology sectors. MWhen Prime Minister Gillard met with Korea’s Presi- dent Lee Myung-bak in April, the most notable commit- ment in dollar terms was, in response to bilateral concerns regarding climate change, that Australia would contribute $10 million to become a core partner in the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI). GGGI was established by the Korean Government in 2010 to support the development of green industries growth strategies and policies in devel- oping countries.

KANZ2011 Broadband Summit Only two days after the leaders’ meeting, Mr See Joong Choi, the Korean Minister responsible for Information Technology and Communications, was in Hobart – to- gether with a delegation of more than 60 representatives tralian Department of Broadband, Communications and (From left) of leading Korean IT companies and government officials the Digital Economy, the Tasmanian Government Depart- Minister – to participate in the Korea–Australia–New Zealand ment of Economic Development, Tourism and the Arts, Conroy (KANZ) 2011 Broadband Summit. They were welcomed AKF and Austrade. (Australia), by Australia’s Minister Stephen Conroy and New Zea- The two-day event used webcast and social network Minister land’s Minister Steven Joyce and more than 160 delegates facilities, resulting in more than 1000 live webcast viewers Choi (Korea) from their two countries. and generating 600 tweets. Given current Australian in- and Minister The KANZ Broadband Summit was the sixth in the terest in the National Broadband Network (NBN) it was Joyce (New series, held to provide opportunities for the ICT, commu- not surprising that the Summit was also prominent in the Zealand) at nications and digital technologies industries, research en- media. the KANZ tities and policymakers from the three nations to provide exhibits insights into their different experiences of moving into Summit highlights of new high-speed, broadband-enabled economies. They particu- The three national Ministers enthused about new ultra- broadband larly aim at enabling participants to explore the potential high-speed networks being rolled out in their countries applications. for international joint ventures and other forms of collabo- – to 93 per cent of Australians by 2020, to 75 per cent of ration. Kiwis by 2019 and (at 1Gbps rates) to all Koreans by 2011. I have been the Program Coordinator for the Summit The deployment of the NBN in Australia in the coming Series, originally conceived by the Australia–Korea Foun- decade would allow for greater technology opportunities, dation (AKF), since the inaugural Summit on the Gold according to Ms Cassandra Scott, a member of the NBN Coast in 2003. The April summit was hosted by the Aus- Co stakeholder relations team. Connections using interac- 30 australia/Korea

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tive high-definition video, communications between all national collaboration in research and innovation would local premises and power utility, increasing carbon reduc- be essential for all three countries to take best advantage of tion opportunities with demand site energy management opportunities flowing in modern digital economies. and connections between buyers and sellers of goods and Videos of the presentations can be viewed via the services will be made possible, she said. KANZ website (www.dbcde.gov.au/KANZ2011). With the emergence of technologies demanding faster bandwidths, NBN aimed to put Australia in par NRF R&D Workshop with its international peers. Ms Scott said bandwidth re- Methods of ensuring high quality standards in collabora- quirements had grown more than 4000 times in the past tive research were the subject of another workshop held 20 years, which underscored the importance of the NBN in March in Korea by the National Research Foundation enabling peak speeds using a nationwide network of fibre, (NRF). Contributions came from the UK, the US and the fixed wireless and satellite technologies. EU as well as Australia, which I represented. The recent Samsung’s Dr Hung Song highlighted the need for Excellence in Research in Australia (ERA 2010) evalua- integrated communications solutions. Smartphone users tion of all research in Australian universities was described. now wanted much more than voice, he said – they wanted While noting the benefits emerging from ERA 2010, integrating technologies such as cloud computing and so- ATSE is continuing to press the Australian Government cial networking to be part of their lifestyles. that, in future, quality evaluations, greater attention and Jane Bennett of Tasmania’s Ashgrove Cheese spoke weighting should be given to the impact and outcomes of passionately about the importance of regional and remote R&D. ATSE believes ERA 2010 relies too much on mea- communities and businesses across Australia gaining ac- sures such as publication citations with too little focus on cess to high-speed broadband – for the future of their busi- applied R&D outcomes. nesses, industries and local communities. Other papers emphasised advances in digital conver- Researcher Exchanges gence, telehealth, e-government and network security. To add to all the above activity, in May an Australian del- Dr Kate Cornick, of the Institute for a Broadband-enabled egation of 15 researchers currently employed in research Society, described new spin-offs from e-learning technology, or academic positions spent two weeks in Korea under such as aiding stroke victims to re-learn limb movements. the Early Career Researchers Program (ECRP). This is a Professor Hugh Durrant-Whyte FRS FAA FTSE, joint initiative of ATSE, AAS, AKF and Korea’s National CEO of NICTA, showed how major Australian compa- Research Foundation (NRF). Competition for places in nies were using broadband to overcome the challenges of the delegation was tough, with 40 applications for only remote Australia. Examples are the remote controlled op- 15 places. eration of the Brisbane shipping terminal and remote con- The visit was intended to raise awareness and inter- trol of mining in the Pilbara. est in Australian research experience in Korea, and to A major conclusion from the Summit was that inter- provide Australian participants with the opportunity to access equipment, knowledge and skills not available in Australia. It also aimed to facilitate the development and Fellows in key roles at CRCA conference strengthening of personal research networks, institutional-  ATSE Fellows played key roles at the annual Cooperative Research Centres level collaboration and possibilities for shared research in- Association conference in Brisbane in April. frastructure in both countries. t Vice President Peter Laver AM FTSE, a member of the CRC Committee, chaired a session on Innovation Policy and Dr Geoffrey Vaughan AO FTSE, Emeritus Professor Mike Miller AO FTSE is a Director former Chairman of the CRC Committee, was the MC at the celebratory lunch of ATSE and Chair of its SA Division and is a Board Member of – titled ‘Years of Innovation’. the Australia–Korea Foundation (AKF). He spent nine years Presenters and participants included: Dr Geoff Garrett AO FTSE, with Telecom Australia and 35 years in the University of South Queensland Chief Scientist; Dr Rowan Gilmore FTSE, CEO of the Australian Australia, where, as Director of a research institute, he led a Institute for Commercialisation; Professor Tanya Monro FTSE, Director of number of mobile radio and satellite research contracts awarded the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) at the University of by Korean agencies including Samsung Electronics and ETRI. With Adelaide; Dr Adi Paterson FTSE, CEO of ANSTO; Dr Jim Patrick FTSE, Vice- the AKF he has advanced linkages between Australian and Korean President, Cochlear; Professor Alan Robson AM FTSE, Vice-Chancellor of UWA; companies in the IT and other industry sectors. He was a founder and Professor Margaret Sheil FTSE, CEO of ARC. and program coordinator for the six KANZ Broadband Summits held since 2003. australia/Korea 31

Jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus

Wairakei Geothermal Power Plant in New Zealand.

Geothermal: baseload power for green growth

Geothermal energy offers a virtually inexhaustible supply of baseload power with few environmental or societal impacts.

By Graeme Beardsmore [email protected]

ne of the key challenges facing the global commu- power plants are located in areas of active volcanic activity nity as it tries to migrate away from carbon-based and are fuelled by natural pockets of steam intersected in fuels is how to provide a low-emissions alternative fractured volcanic rocks at depths down to about 2000 me- to the baseload power capacity currently provided tres. The potential for geothermal energy to provide power Oby coal-fired plants. for green growth strategies, however, is vastly greater than Geothermal energy offers a virtually inexhaustible sup- the relatively modest current capacity suggests. ply of baseload power with few environmental or societal Geothermal energy can be utilised at the domestic impacts. Geothermal energy can contribute to a reduction scale in the form of ground source heat pumps (GSHP). in greenhouse gas emissions by offsetting the need for fos- A GSHP is effectively an HVAC (heating, ventilation and sil fuel generation of direct heat, or by powering new elec- cooling) system, but is as much as five times or more en- tricity plants in place of new fossil fuel power plants. ergy efficient than a conventional roof-mounted HVAC Geothermal energy is the heat stored within the Earth. system. A conventional system uses the outside air as a heat The amount of heat stored within a section of the Earth source and sink, whereas a GSHP – as the name suggests is directly proportional to the rock temperature. Higher – uses the ground. temperature means more thermal energy. At virtually any In summer, a conventional HVAC system operating in location on Earth, the temperature increases with depth cooling mode removes heat from a building and pumps it in the ground, which means that a virtually inexhaustible into the relatively hot outside air. In winter heating mode, supply of energy is available by simply drilling to greater a conventional system extracts heat from the relatively cold depths. This heat is available 24 hours a day, 365 days a outside air and pumps it indoors. In contrast, the ground year. Geothermal heat can be used directly as thermal en- remains approximately the same temperature all year. ergy – for example, for heating of buildings, greenhouses A GSHP in cooling-mode pumps uses the relatively or swimming pools – or can be converted to other forms cool ground to store heat from a building, while in heat- of energy, most commonly electricity. ing mode the relatively warm ground provides heat into More than 10,500 megawatt electrical (MWe) of elec- the building. A GSHP operates with much lower ther- tricity is currently generated from geothermal resources modynamic resistance and thus requires far less compres- around the world. The great majority of these existing sor power than a conventional HVAC system. In parts of 32 australia/Korea

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the world, most notably parts of Europe, installation of a commercial EGS power plant began operation in Germany GSHP is virtually mandatory for new building construc- in 2007. Independent economic studies consistently rate tions. The GSHP industry has grown substantially in Korea geothermal energy as one of the lowest-cost low-emissions in the past few years, but is still in its infancy in Australia. technologies. Large upfront capital requirements for drilling At the other end of the energy spectrum, generation of boreholes, however, are currently proving a deterrent to pri- electricity from geothermal heat is also in its infancy in both vate investment into this exciting clean energy technology. Australia and Korea. Neither country has active volcanic Governments have a role to play in bringing a number systems suitable for ‘conventional’ geothermal power devel- of EGS projects to fruition in different geological settings opments. Engineered geothermal systems (EGS), however, to reduce the perceived investment risk and stimulate the provide a means for extracting geothermal heat through ar- commercialisation of the industry. t tificially enhanced permeable fluid pathways in hot rocks. Australia is a leader in advancing the commercialisation of Dr Graeme Beardsmore received his PhD from Monash EGS technology, which offers the promise of almost ubiq- University in 1996, then worked 18 months with geothermal uitous, inexhaustible power at any location on Earth. researchers in China and the US. He has worked in the Australian In an EGS system, water is pumped underground where geothermal industry since 2003, mostly as Technical Director of it passes through a network of fractures in hot rocks made consulting company Hot Dry Rocks. He is a Board Member of the artificially more permeable by hydraulic fracture enhance- International Geothermal Association, an Adjunct Research Fellow ment. The heated water is then extracted back to the surface at Monash University, and sits on numerous committees of the through a production well, where the heat is utilised to pro- Australian Geothermal Energy Group and Australian Geothermal vide vapour to drive a turbine. The cooled water is pumped Energy Association. He co-wrote Crustal heat flow: A guide to back underground to complete the cycle. The world’s first measurement and modelling (2001, Cambridge University Press).

ATSE’s Energy Forum, Mr Martin Thomas AM ATSE discusses FTSE, and ATSE’s Executive Director – Technical, Dr Vaughan Beck FTSE. The workshop was energy followed by two days of technical visits. This initial workshop focused on efficiency in leading edge technologies and provided an opportunity for exchanges between mid-career India scientists from Australia and India. It examined the different imperatives and policy directives that drive energy-efficiency actions in the two countries. Both have different energy sector challenges, but the enhanced energy efficiency of coal-based power generation and commercial buildings are common issues. M artin Thomas addresses the workshop, flanked by the Indian Convenor, Dr Ajay Mathur, Four Australian early career researchers Director General, Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency. were invited to participate in order to develop new linkages and collaborations to improve  Energy efficiency was the key topic at a The two-day INAE-ATSE Workshop on and broaden Australia’s scientific, engineering science and technology workshop in India Energy Efficiency, in New Delhi, brought and technological strengths. They were: in April organised by ATSE and the Indian together 26 energy sector professionals, Dr Clare Anderson, University of Melbourne; National Academy of Engineering (INAE). researchers and policy makers from India Dr Adam Berry and Dr Timothy Moore, CSIRO; Experts from both countries discussed and Australia. Participants sought to develop and Mr Saha Chiranjib, Monash University. challenges in the development of advanced energy efficiency roadmaps for both nations Funding for this Workshop was provided technologies for power stations, upgrading and cooperative activities between the two through the International Science Linkages the energy efficiency of power stations, design Academies. Science Academies Program (ISL-SAP) and construction of efficient new buildings, The 13-person Australian delegation was provided by the Department of Innovation, and energy retrofits in existing buildings. led by workshop co-convenor and Chair of Industry, Science and Research (DIISR). opinion 33

jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Pricing carbon to fix the problem Why not use the money coming from pricing carbon to fix the problem?

By Peter Laver [email protected]

he debate about carbon pricing seems to have lost to reduction will be viable. sight of what we are trying to achieve. We only hear Rather than invest in about compensation, wealth redistribution, having the ‘low hanging fruit’ types the ‘polluters pay’, how international competitiveness of emissions abatement the Twill be undermined, whether payments should be as a tax or ability to claim a rebate on for permits, special pleading for exemptions and impacts on the tax they have paid would growth, all wrapped up in sterile political point scoring. allow for bolder plans to Isn’t it time to direct policy thinking towards the real be more readily executed problems, which are investing in technology to cut green- by generators, closing inef- house gas emissions and to reduce the demand for energy? ficient plants and replacing Here’s a radical idea. Why not use the money coming them with more efficient technology, such as combined We need from pricing carbon to fix the problem, to make the neces- cycle gas turbines or renewables and, in due course, possibly to fund sary investments in low-carbon electricity generation and carbon capture and storage or geothermal resources. investment in improved energy efficiency? Instead of energy producers The need for compensating energy users for higher pric- low-carbon paying a tax or buying a permit, or users accepting higher es as the tax is passed on might well almost disappear as the electricity energy costs as well as trying to find the capital to improve generators benefit from the improved costs and productiv- generation their efficiency, let them keep their money – provided they ity flowing from installation of new technology. and improved invest it in reducing emissions or energy use. ATSE has estimated that, if Australian emissions are to energy How can this be done? Initially the focus would be on be reduced by 60 to 80 per cent by 2050, an investment in efficiency. the major generators, who would be levied with a tax for low-emissions technology in the range of $350 to $500 bil- every tonne of CO2 they emit, just as the currently contem- lion will be required. Without bipartisan certainty sur- plated Government scheme envisages. Under the current rounding carbon pricing, this investment will not occur, plans this money is then mostly spent on compensating the particularly if at the same time the industry must pay an ad- disadvantaged for the inevitable increase in energy prices. ditional tax while trying to raise the capital it needs. This leaves the electricity suppliers with a cashflow chal- At the risk of adding additional complexity, this carbon lenge as they have to meet their tax bill while at the same tax rebate for expenditure on emissions abatement has the time attempting to raise capital to invest in new technology advantage of being able to be extended downstream to pro- which will reduce their tax liability. vide direct incentives for energy users. Under the current Instead of spending money on compensation why not government proposals, downstream customers will invest leave it in an Emissions Abatement Fund and allow the gen- in energy efficiency when the increasing energy costs they erators to claim a rebate on the tax they have paid for the can avoid provide an adequate return on investment or ac- capital they spend on lowering their emissions intensity? ceptable payback period. An economist’s view of emissions abatement assumes As an extension of the investment-centred scheme it there is a cost curve, which places a cost per tonne on vari- would be necessary to identify the carbon tax component ous types of investment and this investment will occur if the of a user’s energy bill, in the same way as the GST com- cost per tonne is lower than the carbon price imposed. This ponent is recorded now. Capital required for investment means that the cheapest abatement will be funded first and in technology to improve energy efficiency could then be as the price (tax or permit cost) increases more costly routes u more on page 39 34 australia/KoreaClunies Ross awards jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au Australia’s visionary innovators honoured

 The winners of the prestigious 2011 ATSE ATSE President Clunies Ross Awards are leading Australian Professor Robin innovators impacting global development in Batterham in fields such as medical research, metallurgy, discussion with microwave telecommunications, metal Mr Roy Woodall, detection and mineral discoveries. who won a The Awards recognise Australia’s pre- special Lifetime eminent scientists and technologists who have Contribution bridged the gap between research and the Award. marketplace and are awarded to people who have persisted with their ideas, often against the odds, to the point that their innovations are making a real difference to the economic, social or environmental benefit of Australia.

The 2011 ATSE Clunies Ross the microwave telecommunications field The Governor-General, Her Excellency Award winners are: in Australia, credited with the creation of Quentin Bryce, addresses the dinner. ¢Mr Roy Woodall AO FTSE – who won a a significant Australian industry in wireless special Lifetime Contribution Award for his and microwave systems with considerable work as a geologist with Western Mining national and international commercial Corporation 1953–95 and was directly success; and involved in a number of the most important ¢Mr Bruce Candy – known through his metal- mineral discoveries in Australia during that detection technology and products as the period through his application of science to leading scientist worldwide in his field, mineral exploration in Australia; which has positioned Minelab Electronics ¢Professor Anthony Burgess, Professor Ashley Pty Ltd and Australia as world leaders in the Dunn and Dr Nicholas Gough FTSE – the provision of high performance, affordable scientists who first purified and cloned the and practical hand-held metal detectors. blood cell growth factor GM-CSF, patented it and continued developing its biology to The dinner, marking the 20th year of the awards, guide its current and future clinical uses; was also attended by the Queensland Treasurer, ¢Dr John Clout – a renowned the Hon Andrew Fraser, and the MC was Professor geometallurgical expert on iron ores, Peter Andrews AO FTSE, former Queensland Chief especially their specific end-use potential, Scientist. The dinner also marked the presentation widely respected as a leading authority on of ATSE Medals to former Queensland Premiers which has been a catalyst for technological Australian iron ores and their downstream Mike Ahern AO FTSE and Peter Beattie “in advancement throughout Australia.” processing performances; recognition of leadership for the growth of The 2011 ATSE Clunies Ross Award Winners ¢Dr John Ness – an acknowledged leader in science, technology and innovative research, follow in the footsteps of past winners such

The 2011 ATSE Clunies Ross Award were presented at a memorable dinner at the Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre in May, where the Governor-General HE Quentin Bryce welcomed more than 700 eminent entrepreneurs, decision makers, government officials, researchers, academics and business leaders. australia/cluniesk oreaross 35 awards Jjunun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus

Dr John Clout acknowledges his Award. Years of work brings rewards for (from left) Dr Nicholas Gough. Professor Anthony Burgess and Professor Ashley Dunn.

Mr Bruce Candy makes his speech. Dr John Ness at the microphone.

MC and former Queensland Chief Scientist ATSE President Professor Professor Peter Anderson in action. Robin Batterham congratulates former Queensland Premier Mike Ahern FTSE on being awarded an ATSE Medal.

as: Professor Ian Frazer FAA FTSE, inventor of “This year’s ATSE Clunies Ross Award across Queensland the following day in the the cervical cancer vaccine; Professor Graeme winners have made significant and positive ‘Extreme Science Experience’, with hands-on Clark AC FRS FAA FTSE, inventor of the bionic impacts on the lives of many Australians and activities to excite students about science and ear; Nobel laureate Dr Barry Marshall, who our economy through the development and technology. discovered the bacteria that causes stomach commercialisation of health, communication ulcers; Dr David Boger FRS FAA FTSE, a giant in and industrial innovations,” said Mr Bruce Kean The 2012 ATSE Clunies Ross Awards and the world of fluid behaviour; Dr Fiona Wood, AM FTSE, Chairman of the ATSE Clunies Ross Extreme Science Experience will be held inventor of spray-on skin; and Professors Awards Committee. in Sydney in May 2012. Martin Green FTSE and Stuart Wenham FTSE, Following the Awards, winners joined more To sponsor these events or for more international leaders in silicon cell technology. than 250 Year 10 students and teachers from information contact Johanna Gasser, 03 9864 0908 or [email protected] 36 Extreme science experience jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au ‘Speed Meet’ a highlight at Brisbane Extreme Science Experience

 The 240 Year 10 Queensland students who attended the 2011 ATSE Clunies Ross Extreme Science Experience (ESE) in Brisbane had plenty of opportunities to learn that science and technology can provide exciting and rewarding career paths. ESE was held at the Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre on 20 May, following the ATSE Clunies Ross Awards dinner the previous night. The one-day program had Clunies Ross Award-winning scientists participating in lively discussion and leading hands-on workshops. Queensland Chief Scientist Dr Geoff Garrett AO FTSE was guest speaker and the event was compered by the lively Bernie Hobbs of ABC TV’s New Inventors fame. A new session for the 2011 ESE was ‘Speed Meet a Scientist’, with 24 scientists – including (From left) Kiara Lomas (St Stephen’s Catholic College, Mareeba), Taylor Smit (Mackay the Awardees – seated with groups of 10 State High), Malee Rowell (Elenora High) and Eliza Rynne (Nanango SHS). students to discuss science and technology. There was plenty of two-way talk, and every out how much iron is in various breakfast Some teacher responses seven minutes the scientists moved on to a cereals! ¢The whole concept of getting students new group. The feedback on the session was In the last workshop, Awardees Professor together from different school across the extremely positive, with students wanting more Anthony Burgess, Professor Ashley Dunn and state was great. Both the students and I time for each discussion. Dr Nick Gough FTSE worked with facilitator wanted it to go over longer time. As we ESE has workshops for students based Rod Dunstan to set the students the challenge had to travel so far to get there, if it were on the area of research of each of the Clunies of trying to find where an amino acid over more days with more workshops and Ross Award winners. This year there were four sequence was coded for on four ‘strands’ of experiments, the students and I could get workshops, with each repeated so the all 240 DNA. There was a keen sense of competition much more out of it. Overall, the students students could join two workshops. in the room. and I really enjoyed it. Awesome! Awardee Bruce Candy is an expert in The day was a huge success, due in no ¢I would recommend that ‘Meet the the commercial applications of magnetic small way to the great work done by volunteers scientist’ went longer and students got fields and his workshop, facilitated by ATSE from the University of Queensland and the opportunity to meet scientists from STELR Manager Peter Pentland, had students Queensland University of Technology, and the different fields. searching for coins using metal detectors great support provided by Ms Amanda Nuell of ¢Students liked the Speed Meet a Scientist but supplied by the Minelab Company, as well as Brisbane State High School. The day concluded would like more information on the award making their own electric motors. with an extra bonus for this year’s ESE students. winners. Dr John Ness, with the help of facilitator They answered a set of questions to win two ¢The students had a very interesting day and Christine Pitfield, had students measuring the vouchers for an Apple iPad. I think it was a worthwhile experience for speed of light using their ever-present mobile Rural and remote schools were well them. I felt it was a shame that there wasn’t phones, with the best result having an error of represented, with students from Thursday a better balance of male/female science role less than eight per cent. Island, Mt Isa, Mareeba and Tully attending. models. In Dr John Clout’s workshop, he and Many of these remote schools were sponsored ¢My students had a great day. They learnt a facilitator Graham Baker set the students by ATSE Clunies Ross and two were supported lot and realise that there is much more to challenges in purifying iron ore and working by the Xstrata Company. science than they originally thought. The extreme science 37 experience jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus

Kai Priestley (St Stephen’s Catholic College, Mareeba) fully focused in a workshop.

(Above) Tanya Jobi (Thursday Island-Tagai activities were engaging and all the scientists State College) with Dr Geoff Garrett. were warm and personable, which made the (Left) James MacDonald and Lucas experience just that much more enjoyable. Makara from Ipswich State High. Thank you.

Some student feedback ¢ It was really fun. I got to win a prize for doing my experiment. It would be good if there were more individual prizes to win. It would be better if the whole experience went longer than one day. More workshops to participate in. More hands-on/thinking experiments. Gene Genie was really awesome. ¢Fun day. Great to see a variety of people especially people from all over the state. Great exhibition bag. Some interesting things in the ‘trade’ display. Plenty of food, especially the choc chip biscuits.

– Rod Dunstan, STELR Education Officer Facilitator Christine Pitfield works with students at ESE. ACoLA wins research education study grant  The Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACoLA), of which ATSE on our ability to innovate through research and development. This is is a member, was one of three organisations to receive a grant from the important if industry is to prosper in the low-carbon economy of the Government announced when Innovation Minister Senator Kim Carr future. Industry and researchers must work together to transform the launched its Research Workforce Strategy. products we produce and the way we manufacture. Senator Kim Carr said Australia must do more to inspire our best and “The strategy sets out the full range of research workforce issues we brightest minds to undertake postdoctoral study and pursue research have in Australia, including the divide between research and industry. careers in academia, the public service and industry. To help inform policy development in this area, Senator Carr “Australia’s research workforce is a vital asset. Our highly trained and announced funding for sector bodies to conduct projects investigating skilled researchers help make our country innovative, prosperous and best practice approaches to research education. The Council of Australian productive,” Senator Carr said. Postgraduate Associations will receive $80,000, the Australian Council of “The academic skills shortage in our country will increase as our Learned Academies $80,000 and the Deans and Directors of Graduate current research workforce ages and retires,” he said, adding that the Studies $40,000 to look at these issues in their various domains. Research Workforce Strategy would strengthen the nation’s research The strategy – Research skills for an innovative future: A research workforce to 2020 and beyond. workforce strategy to cover the decade to 2020 and beyond – is available at “The future of our manufacturing and other industries depends www.innovation.gov.au. 38 Clunies ross awards jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au Big challenges require tough choices – Liveris

 The hard work and deep commitment Keynote required – not just to produce new innovations, speaker but to commercialise them – makes science Andrew and technology a genuine driver of commerce, Liveris live ATSE Fellow Andrew Liveris told the ATSE from New Clunies Ross Awards dinner in Brisbane. York. Making his keynote speech live via satellite from New York, Dr Liveris said it took “little more than a cursory look at the global economy to know that this is the work that will create growth and prosperity for developed and developing nations alike; that this is the work that will produce solutions to some of the world’s greatest challenges.” Dr Liveris, Chair, President and CEO of Dow Chemical and one of Australia’s highest-profile Are we up to facing them? Do our political believe Australia’s resources below ground can international businessmen, said the nation had institutions have the capacity – or our political be equalled – or exceeded – by our resources a role in providing those solutions. leaders, the will – to act? Do our business above ground – our intellectual resources … “We have a unique perspective. We have leaders have the strategic sense to orient their our innovative capacity… our ideas. particular gifts… remarkable assets. If we put companies toward these emerging megatrends? “I believe we can build an economy that is them to effective use, we can transform the “These are the questions Australia must far less dependent on the prosperity of others – future – for Australia and for the rest of the world. answer” he said. one that won’t just make us the envy of nations, “There are big challenges ahead and, Australia had its challenges, Dr Liveris said but a leader among nations. with them, big opportunities. As globalisation but had no “burning platform” that forced it to “What I’m describing is a balanced economy. continues to reshape business and commerce, rethink big things – “what we’re doing and why” What I’m describing is an innovation economy. as it puts an even greater emphasis on Australia’s “Australia is marvelous at handling adversity What I’m describing is Australia at the forefront connectedness to the world, we need to ask but not as adept, perhaps, at handling success. of the solution space. That means a greater ourselves: What will we make of it? To what Why mess with success? If the resources boom focus not just on resources or services, but on purpose will we use it? To what greater good? has created essentially full employment, why a robust advanced manufacturing base … on “This century will be defined, in many rethink things at all? creating higher value-add products.” ways, by the rise of powers like China, India, “The rise of China provides a perfect example An advanced manufacturing economy would Russia and Brazil. These countries are building why. China’s meteoric rise is of incredible value to generate sustainable growth and long-term a massive middle class and opening valuable Australia. We provide the coal and gas that fuels prosperity and allow Australia to tap our talent markets for our exports. their growth. We produce the minerals that build and to turn our ideas into innovations that could “It will be defined, too, by environmental their cities and infrastructure. They will continue to solve the biggest challenges it faced, he said. change and a skyrocketing demand for energy. grow, and both countries will continue to benefit. “As someone who has dedicated his life It will be a century defined, in many ways, by “But we should take pause. We must not to innovation, I would venture to say we have scarcity – the scarcity of energy, the scarcity of accept our current arrangement as the limit … the never needed it more than we do today. The water and of other finite natural resources. end game… the only game in town. We must not world’s most pressing needs will be met – and “And it will be defined by social and accept it at the expense of seeing – and seizing – mastered – by innovation. demographic shifts – urbanisation, immigration, smarter, better opportunities down the line. Energy underpinned Australia’s chance to truly relocation – the flow, not just of commerce, but “Australia should do more to unlock (its) change the world for the better, Dr Liveris said. of workers and cultures and ideas into our cities. still untapped resources. It should invest in rail The nation’s energy challenge was defined Economies are becoming ever more dependent connections, gas pipelines, electricity transmission by dueling imperatives – economic growth and on that kind of mobility, and on continued and port capacity – the infrastructure required for environmental conservation. population growth. resource-driven growth. “CO2 emissions and deforestation are causing “Big challenges require tough choices. “But I think we must go further than that – I temperatures and sea levels to rise. Our natural clunies ross 39 awards jun 11 www.atse.org.au Focus Big challenges require tough choices – Liveris

treasures, like the Great Barrier Reef, are threatened will attract business investment. They will attract find the right people with the right skills to do by pollution and climate change. The time for manufacturers, who can commercialise products the work our economy demands. We need to debate is over: these problems are man-made. coming down the pipeline. ensure we have enough population growth to And we need to do something about them. “But this will not happen by default. If this sustain our economic growth. “Many people assume that if we want to is the future Australia wants, it will take a heavy “I believe not in a small Australia or a big prosper, then forests are just going to have dose of determination. It will take more than Australia, but in a great Australia,” he said. “Australia to make way for our fields and our roads, the just the innovation in your labs. It will require is the envy of nations. It has wealth. It has a high oceans are going to have to make room for innovation in business models and business quality of life. It has a vibrant democracy, a vibrant our refuse, and the atmosphere has to contain practices, and innovation in public policy.” society. But does it have the will not just to be the more greenhouse gases – the price of progress. Dr Liveris said Australia could not achieve it envy of nations, but the leader of nations? “Some of these problems are especially potential without sufficient human capital. “If Australia can build up its manufacturing acute here in Australia – one of the most “Australia has a small worker base. To build and innovation capacity in its economy, I believe carbon-intensive countries in the developed an economy run by the best and the brightest, it can be at the forefront of solving the world’s world on a per-capita basis – a continent that is we not only need an education system that can greatest challenges. That is a role I think we should dry and in need of sustainable sources of water produce them, but an immigration system that embrace. Doing so will take courageous leadership for residential use, agricultural use, industrial use. can attract them. We need population growth and an abiding commitment – the kind of “So we can’t choose between these two. to fuel that future. commitment on par with fighting a war or seeking We have to find a sustainable way to do both. “We are, and have always been, a nation of to put a man on the moon – a commitment of And we can – through science … through immigrants. About 40 per cent of Australians conscience and a commitment of resources. chemistry … through innovation,” he said. were born abroad, or are the children of “If Australia does these things, we will “We know, from our own experience, that immigrants. People have come here from more become the world’s greatest laboratory. We science can ignite a true energy revolution … than 200 countries to start families and build will lead in the export of ideas. We will set an and we know that Australia can lead it. lives. At times, that makes an otherwise isolated example for the global community to follow. “ “If we do, this country will have more tools island feel like the centre of the world. to advance its long-term prosperity. Our centres “But over the next century, immigration The full text of this address is on the of innovation will become hubs of commerce. will be important to Australia not solely for ATSE website at www.atse.org.au/ They will attract the best and the brightest. They the culture and diversity it brings. We need to resource-centre/func-startdown/418/

Pricing carbon to fix the problem t From page 33 claimed against the carbon tax paid. would have been the case otherwise. While reducing energy intensity will be one objective, there are Of course life is not so simple. The same principle may be used also likely to be other benefits of an accelerated capital stock re- to encourage motorists to invest in more fuel-efficient cars, but for placement or upgrade in terms of output, productivity, quality and industries such as steel and cement, where no amount of investment other cost savings. will remove all emissions, there may need to be exemptions once A carbon tax as currently envisaged will only be economically the industry can demonstrate it has achieved world best practice. efficient in terms of emissions reductions, while a capital incentive A more detailed explanation of a possible concept can be found at and rebate – as outlined here – will drive the greatest economy- www.atse.org.au/resource-centre/func-startdown/395. wide investment efficiency. It does not rely on a government com- ATSE Fellows are the leading applied scientists and engineers in mittee to decide if it is acceptable, it does not rely on a strict set of the country and profess no particular expertise in taxation policy. guidelines and it leaves investors able to choose what they invest in, Collectively, however, we are becoming very concerned about en- so it is basically a market-driven approach. ergy security in Australia unless some process is established that All that is required for anyone wanting to finance their capi- stimulates capital investment in new technology to address the tal budget from their carbon price liability is that their emissions problem we face. t or energy consumption reduce. Even if the climate change de- niers turn out to have a point, the Australian economy will have Peter Laver AM FTSE is Vice President and Director of the Australian benefited from a renewal of its capital stock more rapidly than Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE). 40 ATSE in action

jun 11 Focus www.atse.org.au

Jim Patrick FTSE, Senior Vice President, Chief ATSE sponsored Scientist, Cochlear Ltd; Dr Ian Poiner FTSE, Chief Executive Officer, Australian Institute of Marine WiSE Summit Science; and Dr Len Sciacca FTSE, COO, Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO). Minister for the Status of Women, Ms Kate Ellis, told the Summit she wanted to see a boost in the employment of women in the fields of science, engineering and technology, particularly in senior ranks, noting that women were seriously under-represented in these sectors, constituting just 22.3 per cent of professionals in some disciplines. “This issue is important in terms of broadening opportunities for working women in Australia but it is also critical to our national productivity, innovation and international competitiveness.” “Australia simply cannot afford not to be making the most of such a significant component of our workforce, intellect and creativity,” Ms Ellis said. Ms Ellis said she was pleased to see the participation in today’s summit by some of the nation’s most senior decision makers. “This shows that industry, governments Dr Cathy Foley addresses the summit. and the community have heard the call to action when it comes to women in science and engineering. It shows that industry is not  ATSE was a sponsor of the Women in Science ATSE Focus Article Australia needs women in going to stand by and accept that the current and Engineering (WiSE) Summit in April in the the corner offices (By Dr Pond and Bronwyn experiences of many women in these sectors Mural Hall, Parliament House, Canberra. Holland, from UTS) were included in the are alright.” The Summit brought together leaders, briefing papers for the summit. Retaining women in the workforce was advocates, and high-achieving young women in ATSE Fellows were prominent at the event. a priority, because when women left the science and engineering in a high profile event Dr Cathy Foley PSM FTSE, President of FASTS, workforce with them went hundreds of to highlight the issues; encourage science and delivered the scene-setter address and the thousands of dollars of investment in their engineering leaders to take practical steps to Stories from the Frontline session was chaired education and training, said FASTS CEO Anna- secure a higher return on their investment in by Ms Ms Kathy Hirschfeld FTSE, non-executive Maria Arabia in an on-line article published young women scientists and engineers; and Director, Snowy Hydro Ltd, with Dr Pond as a following the WiSE Summit. explore other opportunities to improve gender presenter. Professor Margaret Sheil FTSE, CEO of “Retaining this highly specialised workforce equality in science and engineering. the ARC, was the lunch speaker. should be a priority. It is a workforce taxpayers Other supporters were Cochlear, CSIRO, Other delegates included Dr Megan Clark willingly invest in because the return is Telstra Foundation, ANSTO and Walter and FTSE, CEO, CSIRO; Professor Simon Foote delivered in better health care, in hi-tech Eliza Hall Institute, ARC, Australian Academy of FTSE, Director, Menzies Research Institute, gadgets, in superior mining and defence Science, CSL, NHMRC, Bio21 Cluster and VESKI. University of Tasmania; Dr Bob Frater AO capabilities, to name just a few,” she says. ATSE and ANSTO Director Dr Susan Pond FTSE, VP Innovation, ResMed; Dr Sue Meek “But, particularly in the case of women, AM FTSE and ATSE CEO Dr Margaret Hartley FTSE, Chief Executive, Australian Academy of we train them up then fail to keep them in the represented ATSE and the Academy’s Gender Science; Professor Mary O’Kane FTSE, NSW business because practical and equitable career Equity Policy Statement and December 2010 Chief Scientist and Scientific Engineer; Professor pathways aren’t available when it counts.” Australian academy of Technological sciences and engineering

Focus international IN june 2011 WA Eminent Speaker lauds designing dreams Darren Lomman, CEO and founder of the Dreamfit Foundation, was the Western Australian Division’s Eminent Speaker for 2011, presenting an inspirational address on designing dreams for people with disabilities through innovative engineering solutions. He addressed Year 10 students in Perth in June, speaking at both Curtin and Edith Cowan universities and Presbyterian Ladies College as part of the Eminent Speaker program. This free event was backed by the STELR Project Manager Peter Pentland (third Division, with support from the WA from left) works with teachers during a 2010 Government, Scitech and the Science professional development workshop. Teachers’ Association of WA. It is an annual dveent conducted by the WA Division. Due to the generous support by ATSE, Darren was inspired to start Dreamfit STELR gets individuals benefactors, governments and after meeting former motocross champion our foundation corporate supporters – Rio Shane Thompson in a hospital carpark in strong ratings Tinto, Orica and the Australian Power Institute 2003. Shane was left paralysed after an (API) – STELR has been tested and deployed at accident but dreamed of one day being able from teachers no cost to schools. In 2011 STELR curriculum to ride a motorcycle again. STELR continues to be a great success with materials and equipment are being used in Darren was studying mechanical teachers and students alike. 185 schools nationwide engineering at the University of WA and A recent teacher satisfaction survey The STELR Project is now moving decided to use his next university project as shows the esteem with which teachers into the sustainable, ongoing phase of its continued on page 44 regard STELR: operation. This will involve schools having ¢ 35 per cent agreed and 60 per cent strongly some financial involvement, supplemented agreed with the statement “My students by monies provided by state governments, enjoyed the hands-on activities in STELR”; corporate sponsors and ATSE benefactors. ¢68 per cent of teachers surveyed strongly ATSE acknowledges the generosity of our agreed with the statement “I would like foundation corporate supporters Orica, API to see other topics developed using the and Rio Tinto and their vital role during our STELR model”; and next transitional phase of STELR. ¢ 71 per cent strongly agreed with the The STELR team, led by ATSE’s ’STELR statement “I would recommend STELR to Champion‘ Dr Alan Finkel AM FTSE, is fine- other teachers and schools”. tuning the new transitional model that will take The STELR Project has now completed STELR to another 200 schools over the next four years of development, moving from two years and provide a sustainable model for concept design in 2007 to proof-of-concept, STELR to be applied across the nation. pilot phase and then initial deployment in The STELR team is seeking supporters to 2010 with 183 schools nationwide. By the assist it in securing sponsorship and support end of this year more than 50,000 students for STELR over the next two years so ATSE can Shane Thomson (left) shares a light-hearted will have engaged with the STELR Project. maximise the enormous gains made to date. moment with Darren Lomman. 42 atse jun 11 Focus in focus

His citation read: ”Professor McMichael Alan Baker wins is the founder of the scientific field linking human health impact to global change in Michell Medal general and to climate change in particular. Dr Alan Baker FTSE, one of Australia’s leading He instituted the conceptual basis of this materials scientists specialising in aeronautical work during an already outstanding career materials and structures, has been awarded of developing methods and conducting the 2011 AGM Michell Medal by the Board of quantitative analysis of the health impacts the College of Mechanical Engineers. of a range of other environmental insults, Dr Baker, Emeritus Research Leader including seminal work on the cognitive at DSTO’s Air Vehicles Division, has been impacts of lead exposures in children. a Fellow since 1991. He developed and Marilyn Anderson “He continues his rigorous quantitative presented the technical program that led to studies of climate health effects, including the establishment of the CRC for Advanced Professor Anderson, from La Trobe those related to heat stress, malaria, dengue, Composite Structures. University, is distinguished for her discovery and pioneering work on the interactions of The College says his early scientific of the role of protective proteinase inhibitors, sunlight, immune suppression, and multiple research, at Rolls Royce Advanced Research specific for different insect gut enzymes, in sclerosis. He is now the go-to senior scientist Laboratories, was on metal–matrix female sexual tissues of flowering plants. globally for careful, reasoned, innovative, composites. He conducted pioneering Dr Ward, from the Walter and Eliza Hall quantitative, and insightful assessments studies with these new materials, including Institute of Medical Research, is distinguished of the impacts of global environmental manufacturing technology, mechanical for his work in protein chemistry, including change on health and has contributed to performance and environmental behaviour. the elucidation of the 3D-structure of the dozens of international assessments, most in His later contributions were largely extracellular domains of four growth factor leadership roles. focused on the repair/reinforcement of ageing receptors and their activation mechanisms. “Climate change and human health military aircraft, based on the use of fibre Professor Yu, from the University of NSW, is emerging as a major area of research, composite materials and structural adhesive is distinguished for his work in particle science both within Australia and internationally. bonding. This work has been highly successful, and technology, including methods to simulate saving Australia many hundreds of millions of and model the motion of individual particles dollars, and is now adopted worldwide. within large populations in flowing systems. Dr Baker has made important Professor Anderson explained how contributions to engineering education plants practise safe sex at the AAS’s annual on advanced fibre composites in Australia celebration, ’Science at the Shine Dome’, in and overseas by publishing textbooks and Canberra in May. She described how plants delivering workshops and lectures. He is also reject unwanted suitors and protect their an active member of the editorial boards of valuable reproductive organs against fungal several international scientific journals and two diseases and insect pests. encyclopedias. He developed the technical program that led to the establishment of the Tony McMichael Tony McMichael CRC for Aerospace Structures in 1991, the honoured by US National forerunner to the present CRC for Advanced Academy Composite Structures. Professor Tony McMichael AO FTSE has Professor McMichael played a key role in The Award perpetuates the memory of been elected a Foreign Associate of the (US) establishing the agenda, and he continues Anthony George Maldon Michell (1870–1959), National Academy of Sciences – one of 18 to play a leading role in new discoveries and an outstanding Australian mechanical engineer. scientists from 15 countries, including two in making the science available to scientists, Australians. policymakers, and the public.” Three Fellows join AAS Professor McMichael, a Fellow since 2003, Joining Professor McMichael in election Seventeen leading scientists were elected to is Professor and NHMRC Australia Fellow, was Professor Noel Hush, convener of the the Australian Academy of Science in March National Centre for Epidemiology & Population molecular electronics group and Foundation – including three ATSE Fellows – Professor Health, at ANU and Honorary Professor of Professor Emeritus of Theoretical Chemistry, Marilyn Anderson FAA FTSE, Dr Colin Ward Climate Change and Human Health, University School of Molecular and Microbial FAA FTSE and Professor Aibing Yu FAA FTSE. of Copenhagen. Biosciences, University of Sydney. atse 43 Jun 11 in focus Focus

Professor Randolph founded the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems in 1997 to better understand the particularity of Australian soils and to develop suitable foundation solutions. Within the past decade knowledge of the North West Shelf seabed Ian Frazer conditions has progressed significantly through the work of COFS, with particular insights gained from model tests conducted using the innovative centrifuge facility – the Two Fellows only such facility in Australia. ¢ The Royal Society is the world’s oldest join Royal scientific academy in continuous existence, and Mark Randolph has been at the forefront of enquiry and discovery Society since its foundation in 1660. The backbone of Professor Ian Frazer FRS FAA FTSE and Professor areas of health and medical research, including the Society is its Fellowship of the most eminent Mark Randolph FRS FREng FAA FTSE have his development of the Gardasil vaccine for scientists of the day, elected by peer review for life been elected Fellows of the Royal Society, the prevention of cervical cancer. Continuing and entitled to use FRS after their name. among 44 new Fellows elected for 2011. in his groundbreaking work, Ian is now Chief Professor Frazer, world-renowned co- Executive of the Translational Research Institute Graham Schaffer hailed inventor of the cervical cancer vaccine, has in Brisbane, Queensland. Here, Ian’s vision is to by powder metallurgy been Director of the Diamantina Institute improve and accelerate medical research and industry in Brisbane and is Chief Executive of the translate that research into greater patient care. Professor Graham Schaffer FTSE, Executive Translational Research Institute. “It will be the first time in Australia that Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture Professor Randolph, a former ARC biopharmaceuticals and treatment are and Physical Sciences, University of Federation Fellow, is Professor of Civil discovered, produced, clinically tested and Queensland, has been named a Fellow of Engineering at UWA’s Centre for Offshore manufactured in one location. It will be APMI International, the professional society for Foundation Systems and an internationally another great achievement in a remarkable the powder metallurgy (PM) industry, during recognised geotechnical engineer. scientific career.” PowderMet2011 – the 2011 International Announcing the new Fellows, Sir Paul Professor Frazer carried out his vaccine Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Nurse, President of the Royal Society, said: research while heading the Diamantina Particulate Materials at Princeton, New Jersey. “It is a pleasure to welcome this year’s new Institute and says his election is also an APMI International said Professor Schaffer Fellows to the Royal Society. They join acknowledgement of the centre's work. was an international authority on particulate the ranks of the UK and Commonwealth’s “Election to The Royal Society is a great and materials processing, primarily focused on the leading scientists, counting themselves unexpected honour, providing an opportunity light metals, achieving significant academic among early Fellows such as Isaac Newton, to interact with the world's leading scientists,” and commercial impact, and transforming Robert Boyle and Charles Darwin. Professor Frazer said. “I’m thrilled that the the field of aluminum powder metallurgy. “The Society aims to expand the Institute’s contribution to medical research has He had devoted 27 years to the PM frontiers of knowledge by championing the been publicly recognised in this manner.” industry and led research teams on the development and use of science, mathematics, UWA Vice-Chancellor Professor Alan powder processing of aluminum, titanium, engineering and medicine for the benefit of Robson AM FTSE said Professor Randolph’s iron, and steel, as well as intermetallics, humanity and the good of the planet. It is the election to the Society put him alongside the composites, nanomaterials and magnetic contribution of excellent individuals such as leading scientists, engineers and technologists materials. these which makes this possible.” of his generation. A member of APMI International for “I would like to congratulate Professor “Professor Randolph is an internationally more than 16 years, he was an active Ian Frazer on being elected to the Fellowship recognised geotechnical engineer working in member of the APMI International Liaison of the Royal Society. This recognises and a world-class Centre for Offshore Foundation Committee, had written more than 100 honours Ian’s standing as a truly world-class Systems at our university,” Professor Robson articles and received five patents. He had scientist,” said Queensland Chief Scientist said. “He has worked hard to align the Centre’s served on numerous MPIF technical program Dr Geoff Garrett AO FTSE research themes to facilitate developments committees and was executive editor of the “Ian’s career has spanned many years and within the oil and gas industry.” journal Powder Metallurgy. 44 atse Women Jun 11 Focus in focus in TSE Tanya Monro takes new science to Europe Professor Tanya Monro FTSE, Director of technologies are allowing us to detect both the Institute for Photonics & Advanced chemicals or biomolecules of interest within Sensing (IPAS) and the Centre of Expertise in just a few nanolitres of fluid or in difficult-to- Photonics (CoEP) at the University of Adelaide, access areas. has taken her expertise in new sciences “For example, at the moment there is no to Europe. way to measure an embryo’s response to its An ARC Federation Fellow, Professor environment as it develops. This emerging Monro recently addressed Ireland’s National technology will allow us, for the first time, Tanya Monro Centre for Sensor Research, the Spanish to ‘listen’ to the embryo and assess how Institute of Photonic Sciences in Barcelona, the it responds to its environment. This will Technical University of Denmark, The Institute ultimately lead to improved agricultural initiative of the Department of Innovation, of Photonic Technology at Jena in Germany, practices, increase the success rate of IVF Industry, Science and Research and the and Italy’s University of Trento. treatment and improve our knowledge of Australian Academy of Science. She visited Europe to spread the word fundamental reproductive biology. about new Australian science that will allow “We are also working with Australia’s Susan Pond humans to probe our world in ways that have defence scientists to develop smart optical on ABRI Council never before been possible. The research has fibres that can be embedded within aircraft or The $20 million Australian Biofuels Research implications for applications in medicine, buildings to detect corrosion as it happens.” Institute (ABRI) will benefit from the $5 million defence, the environment, agriculture and Professor Monro’s team is also developing in funding announced in the May Budget for many other areas of science and engineering. novel probes (for use in agriculture, wine a foundation project at James Cook University “A lot of the challenges we come up monitoring and early screening for cancer) and in Townsville. against in solving pressing problems in these new classes of advanced materials and lasers. Dr Susan Pond AM FTSE, Adjunct Professor critical areas simply cannot be solved using She is one of three Australian scientists to of the Dow Sustainability Program at the existing sensing technologies,” Professor Monro visit Asia, Europe and North America in 2011 to University of Sydney, has been appointed to the said. “We have pioneered new approaches to share Australian research and innovation with ABRI Establishment Council, which will advise interacting light with liquids, and for controlling their international counterparts. She visited the Government on how best to set up the ABRI. light on the nano-scale. These new platform Europe as part of the Speaker Series – a joint The Establishment Council, chaired by Dr Bruce Godfrey, Australian Centre for Renewable Energy Board and principal From page 41 of the Wyld Group, will also oversee the WA Eminent Speaker lauds designing dreams development of a significant new next- an opportunity to design and build a hand- inspire, create and support a sustainable generation Biofuels Economics Study. controlled motorcycle. What started out as a global movement where industry, academia, The study, commissioned by the one-semester project turned into a three- government and the community partner Australian Centre for Renewable Energy, will year passion to complete a hand-controlled together to fulfill dreams and overcome the inform the priorities of the ABRI. It will look motorcycle, which has now been licensed challenges and frustrations of people with at the prospects for developing biofuels that in WA. disabilities. are neither derived from food sources nor will In the seminar Darren discussed the deplete Australian native forests. genesis of Dreamfit and provided examples of ¢ Darren Lomman has a degree in At the same time, the study will inform projects Dreamfit and the volunteer students mechanical engineering from UWA. He has the government on technical developments have undertaken, including a bicycle for been recognised with several awards for his of next-generation biofuels worldwide and a Perth boy born with no arms, a joystick- passion, determination and commitment to the economics of next-generation biofuels controlled hovercraft, a ski boat with a transfer helping people with disabilities, including 2006 technologies, drawing on international hoist, a seated surfboard, a wheelchair- WA Young Person of the Year, 2006 WA Citizen and Australian research, development and accessible trimaran yacht and an abseiling of the Year, 2007 WA Young Australian of the commercialisation activities. tower for wheelchair users. Year, 2008 Mechanical Engineer of the Year and The ABRI’s work is designed to drive down Darren also discussed his mission to 2010 Most Inspiring Young Engineer. the costs of next-generation biofuel technologies. 45

jun 11 Focus

Critical Decade. “Polls show that between 46 Quantum Interference Devices) to differentiate Meryl Williams and 65 per cent of voters no longer accept the the ore from other conductive material. science on man-made climate change, or they The team won the 2010 Australian Institute completes are simply confused.” of Mining and Metallurgy Mineral Industry “Unbalanced debates that pitch peer- Operating Technique Award (MIOTA) for ACIAR term reviewed science against opinion and discovering the method for making the sensor Dr Meryl Williams FTSE has completed anecdotal evidence have done nothing to using a high-temperature superconductor. her term as Chair of the Commission for improve Australians’ understanding of climate Dr Foley led the initial development International Agricultural Research at the change. I commend the Prime Minister for and commercialisation of LANDTEM, in Australian Centre for International Agricultural acknowledging the rigour of the peer-review collaboration with BHP Billiton and the then Research (ACIAR). process. Canadian mining company Falconbridge. The new Chair is Ms Joanna Hewitt “In the face of well-understood, peer- “LANDTEM represents a major innovation AO, former Secretary of the Department reviewed climate science, it is incumbent on in our ability to unearth mineral deposits of Agriculture, Australia’s political leaders to act strongly and worth hundreds of millions of dollars – Fisheries and rapidly as recommended in the Report. deposits which may have been missed Forestry. She “Science is able to deliver the most for without this technology,” Dr Foley said. has held several Australia’s future when we have a supported LANDTEM has since been licensed to Deputy Secretary and trusted science community; when Australian start-up company, Outer-Rim positions at the governments are prepared to factor in the Exploration Services. In the past eight years, Department of scientific evidence base in their decision 10 LANDTEM systems have been built and Foreign Affairs making; and when the public is informed,” successfully deployed on four continents to help Meryl Williams and Trade, Dr Foley concluded. unearth mineral deposits worth about $6 billion. has a Masters In a separate initiative, she argued that LANDTEM’s development is a great in International Relations and was a lead science was the future for Australia in an opinion example of science teams collaborating to negotiator with the World Trade Organisation. article published in Melbourne’s The Age in April. deliver new technologies to multiple industry She is also a former member of the ACIAR Rejecting threatened funding for science she sectors. The underpinning SQUIDS technology Board of Management. concluded: “Let us instead support our science – delivered through CSIRO’s National Research Dr Craig Emerson, the Trade Minister community and create sustainable growth for Flagships program – has been applied to and Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs, the next generation of Australians.” industries as diverse as mineral exploration, extended the Government's thanks to retiring oceanography, security and defence. Commissioners, the Hon. Neil Andrew AO FTSE SQUIDs help LANDTEM The MIOTA award is presented annually to and Mr Barry Buffier. team win minerals award a person or team responsible for an innovative “The Government would also particularly A team of CSIRO Future Manufacturing Flagship cost saving or effective mineral industry like to thank former Chair Dr Meryl Williams scientists, led by Dr Cathy Foley PSM FTSE and operating technique developed in Australasia, for her commitment to the Commission since Keith Leslie, has won a major mining industry in the minerals sector. her appointment in 2007, and in her previous award for the Photo: Outer Rim Exploration role on the ACIAR Board of Management,” Dr invention of the Emerson said. “ACIAR has certainly benefited highly sensitive from her involvement, and that of the previous magnetic field Commissioners.” sensor that sits at Dr Joanne Daly PSM FTSE, a member of the operational the CSIRO Executive Management Council, heart of the mineral remains a Commissioner. exploration tool, LANDTEM™. Cathy Foley backs LANDTEM is a climate report portable exploration “The science of global warming is clearer than tool that uses ever, yet fewer Australians believe it is true,” highly sensitive said Dr Cathy Foley PSM FTSE, President of magnetic sensors Cathy Foley LANDTEM™ can detect deeply buried, FASTS, welcoming the recent release of the known as SQUIDs highly conductive massive sulphides, Climate Change Commission’s Report, The (Superconducting such as nickel. 46 atse Jun 11 Focus in focus

Hugh Trollope was a lakes and wetlands. It began with a vision for noted engineer Brisbane and its then Lord Mayor, Jim Soorley, Emeritus Professor Hugh Trollope, former to put best practice for restoration of rivers Foundation Professor of Civil Engineering and onto the global agenda. later Deputy Vice-Chancellor of James Cook The first Thiess International Riverprize University, has died in Victoria, aged 86. was awarded in 1999 and the National Professor Trollope, who was Honorary Riverprize was introduced two years later. Professor Dongke Zhang (left) talks to Director of the Centre for Disaster Studies International RiverFoundation Chairman Chairman Jia Qinglin. at JCU following his retirement, joined the is Professor Gary Jones, Chief Executive of Academy in 1983. the eWater CRC. He succeeded Mr Martin Born in Swansea, Wales, David Hugh Albrecht AC FTSE, who was Chairman Fellows host Trollope gained his MSc in Wales before taking from its establishment in 2003 to 2010, his PhD at Melbourne University and obtaining but remains as a Director. Other directors top Chinese a DEng at Queensland University. He was include Professor Greenfield and Dr Jim Gill a Reader in civil engineering at Melbourne AO FTSE, the inaugural CEO of the WA Water visitor University before Corporation from 1996 until his retirement ATSE Fellows Professor Alan Robson AM FTSE moving to JCU in December 2008, and now Chancellor of and Winthrop Professor Dongke Zhang FTSE in1964 to establish Curtin University of Technology. hosted a visit to the University of WA by one the civil engineering of China’s most senior and influential officials. course, where he Bhatia and Crozier Mr Jia Qinglin, Chairman of the 11th further developed awarded by UQ National Committee of the Chinese People’s his expertise and Professor Suresh Bhatia FTSE, from the School Political Consultative Conference, was in Perth Hugh Trollope influence in the field of Chemical Engineering, and Professor Stuart on the first leg of a six-day Australian trip and of geomechanics. Crozier FTSE, of the School of Information visited UWA’s Centre for Energy as part of an He was Technology and Electrical Engineering, were Australian visit to promote bilateral relations. Foundation Chairman (1970–72) of the among 52 leading UQ researchers honoured Mr Jia met UWA Chancellor Dr Michael Australian Geomechanics Society and Vice in May as leaders in their diverse fields of Chaney, Professor Robson, Vice-Chancellor, President, Australasia (1965–69) of the discovery at the inaugural Q-Index Awards. and Professor Zhang, Director of the Centre International Society for Soil Mechanics and Attending the Award event were for Energy, and later met Prime Minister Julia Foundation Engineering. Queensland chief scientist Dr Geoff Garrett Gillard and Foreign Affairs Minister Kevin Professor Trollope was a Fellow of AO FTSE, ATSE President Professor Robin Rudd, as well as WA Premier Colin Barnett numerous engineering bodies and was Batterham AO FREng FAA FTSE and UQ's and WA Governor Ken Michael AC FTSE. awarded the 1966 Warren Memorial Prize and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) Professor Professor Robson said UWA had many the 1984 Kernot Memorial Medal. Max Lu FTSE. vital collaborative projects with important Also among those at the Customs House universities and tertiary institutions in China. Paul Greenfield chairs awards ceremony were past and present “These range from addressing the Riverprize judging ARC Federation fellows, ARC Laureate fellows, challenges of our two nations’ ageing Professor Paul Greenfield AO FTSE, Vice Queensland Smart State Premier's fellows populations to research in energy,” he said. “Our Chancellor of the University of Queensland, and NHMRC fellows. university regards international agreements and will chair the international judging panel for The Q-Index, launched last year, provides collaborations as a fundamental opportunity the 2011 International Riverprize. He is also each UQ academic with an individual to enhance our educational programs and a member of the judging panel for the 2011 composite index of research performance research capacity, as well as strengthening Australian Riverprize. over a rolling six-year period. important international partnerships.” The judging panels will select the finalists The Centre for Energy at UWA works for the International and Australian Riverprize with leading companies, institutions and by July. The winners will be presented at the government agencies and UWA’s Energy 14th International Riversymposium held in and Minerals Institute to improve gas-to- Brisbane in September. liquid, clean coal and biofuel technology and International RiverFoundation works in to develop efficient and effective ways to partnerships around the world to drive the Brian Crozier Bhatia Suresh minimise greenhouse gas and other emissions. protection and restoration of the world’s rivers, ATSE_CRwinners_AdvertA4_AW3_(OL).ai 1 1/06/11 4:37 PM Driven by a passionate commitment to The 2010 Excellence in Research research excellence and collaboration, for Australia assessment confirmed The University of Queensland is making UQ as having more researchers a bold investment in green energy. working in fields assessed above world standard than at any other Professor Paul Meredith is a strong Australian university. advocate of renewable energy and is leading several solar infrastructure UQ is firmly established as one of projects, including an extensive Australia’s premier learning and 1.2MW solar array at UQ, made research institutions and provides every possible through collaboration with opportunity to gain every advantage. youruq.com industry and government. The University of Queensland. Paul’s research focuses on discovering The University of You. new, economical and more sustainably advanced materials for solar energy conversion and high-tech electronics.

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