Book-Title: AGRO-ENERGY for SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE and RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good Practices from Slovakia-Serbia Bilateral Cooperation
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AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation 1 AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation Book-title: AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation Editors: ELEONÓRA MARIŠOVÁ, JELENA MILOVANOVIĆ, SLAĐANA ĐORĐEVIĆ Authors: ELEONÓRA MARIŠOVÁ, JELENA MILOVANOVIĆ, ZUZANA JUREKOVÁ, GORDANA DRAŽIĆ, MARTIN HAUPTVOGL, MARTIN PRČÍK, MARTIN MARIŠ, MARIÁN KOTRLA, PETER FANDEL, ZUZANA ILKOVÁ, JÁN GADUŠ, VERA POPOVIĆ, JELA IKANOVIĆ, LJUBIŠA ŽIVANOVIĆ, SUZANA ĐORĐEVIĆ- MILOŠEVIĆ, UROŠ RADOJEVIĆ, MARIAN KOVÁČIK, KRISTÍNA MANDALOVÁ Publisher: Faculty of Applied Ecology Futura Singidunum University Belgrade For Publisher: Prof. dr Jordan Aleksić Reviewers: Prof. dr Edward Pierzgalski Forest Research Institute Warsaw, Poland Prof. dr Eva Cudlinova Faculty of Economics of the University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Prof. dr Mirjana Bartula Faculty of Applied Ecology Futura Singidunum University, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia Technical editor: Slađana Đorđević Print: ECOGRAF, Šabac Circulation: CD Rom Copy 300 ELECTRONIC EDITION Copyright © 2016, Faculty of Applied Ecology Futura, Belgrade ISBN 978-86-86859-53-2 Reprint in whole or in parts, copying or disclosure in any way without permission and consent of the authors and publisher is prohibited, in accordance with the Law on Copyright and Related Rights of the Republic of Serbia 2 AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation 3 AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation 4 AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation I CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT 09 1.1. Sustainable diversification of rural economy – the European Union 10 and Western Balkans approach 1.2. Biomass production as a driving force for rural development 12 1.3. Identification of sources providing biomass as a renewable energy source 13 1.4. Identification of marginal land suitable for biomass production: examples of Slovakia and 18 Serbia 1.4.1. Fast-growing energy crops grown in conditions of Slovakia in the context of the EU 18 energy policy 1.4.2. Comparison of energy sources grown on agricultural land 25 1.4.3. Identification of marginal land suitable for biofuel production in Serbia 30 1.5. Biomass production in international context: legislation and entrepreneurship support 40 1.5.1. Legislation, support and development of renewable energy resources and business 40 References 52 II PRODUCTION POTENTIALS OF ENERGY CROPS AND TREES 57 2.1. Production potential of field crops at the University Farm Ltd. in Kolíňany 62 References 71 2.2. Production potentials of perennial crops 72 2.2.1. Fast-growing perennial grass Miscanthus – results from Slovakia 72 References 89 2.2.2. Fast-growing perennial grass Miscanthus – results from Serbia 91 References 111 2.3. Sorghum for grains as an agro-energy crop 113 References 130 2.4. Plant species of genus Phalaris as an agro-energy crop 135 References 147 2.5. Production potentials of fast growing trees 149 2.5.1 Fast-growing energy trees of the genus Salix 149 References 162 2.5.2. Fast-growing energy woody crops of the genus Populus (poplar ) 165 References 174 5 AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation III EXPLORING ENERGY POTENTIALS OF AGRICULTURAL “WASTE” 176 3.1. Analysis of present situation of exploiting renewable energy sources in Slovakia 177 3.2. Possibility of using agricultural “waste” for the energy production 188 References 195 IV RESEARCH OF BIOMASS BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION USING DRY FERMENTATION 196 METHOD AT SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE IN NITRA 4.1. Introduction to the dry fermentation 199 References 205 V ESTIMATION AND MODELLING OF BIOMASS PRODUCTION ON THE FARM/SAMPLE 208 PLOT LEVEL 5.1. Model of revitalisation of agricultural land for biomass production as a renewable source 209 for sustainable development of agriculture in rural areas - evaluation of economic efficiency of short rotation coppice biomass production on agricultural land References 233 VI BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS AND NETWORKING FOR RURAL DIVERSIFICATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 235 6.1. Empowering rural partnerships and networks 236 References 242 6.2. Building partnerships in the value chain for rural diversification 243 References 249 6.3. Revitalization of small rural farms through partnerships and networking 250 6.3.1. Participatory Planning as an Engine for Revitalization of Small Rural Farms: An Overview on Local Action Groups in Slovakia and Serbia 250 6.3.2. Energy market and biorenewables 262 References 283 VII CONCLUSIONS 285 Annex 1. Compacted image of the spreadsheet efficiency evaluation model - Salix 287 Annex 2. Compacted image of the spreadsheet efficiency evaluation model – Miscanthus 288 6 AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation This monograph was written by the team of based on examples in Slovakia and Serbia. authors from the Slovak University of Estimation of biomass production within case Agriculture and the Singidunum University in study of the farm Kolíňany (Slovakia) with Belgrade, which cooperated on Bilateral example of biogas use is included. The Slovak-Serbian project SK-SRB-2013-0031 economic part of the monograph is devoted “Revitalization of small agricultural farms to bioenergy on the energy market and to through energy crops cultivation and modelling of revitalisation of agricultural land biomass production” and on technological for biomass. Evaluation of economic efficiency development project “Ecoremediation of of woody plants /Salix/ and perennial crops degraded areas through agro-energy crops /Miscanthus/, cultivation of arable land of cultivation” (TR31078). The bilateral project farms in the conditions of Slovakia and Serbia has been implemented in the years 2015- provides applicable knowledge for practical 2016. The main objective of international growers. Overview on EU and national research was to create a baseline study legislation and entrepreneurship support for document on available natural and human biomass production is provided as well. capacities for local socio-economic development based on biomass production The monograph provides valuable emphasizing energy crops cultivation in information and an overview of current partner countries and a consistent program of knowledge and trends with a number of revitalization of agricultural farms with literature sources and their comparison with alternative use of agricultural land for short the results of the project team. It could serve rotation crops as renewable energy resources as guidelines for scientific and professional with minimalization of environmental impacts community, students, graduates, and other and economic efficiency. stakeholders. This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency The monograph contains the experimental and by the Ministry of Education, Science and results of quantitative and qualitative Technological Development of the Republic of properties of fast-growing willows and Serbia under the contract SK-SRB-2013-0031 perennial crop Miscanthus grown on and by the Ministry of Education, Science and agricultural land in south-west Slovakia and Technological Development of the Republic of Miscanthus, grain Sorghum and Phalaris Serbia in the frame of the TR31078 project. species in Serbia. Individual chapters are addressed to current state and perspectives of biomass production in rural development and Eleonóra Marišová, Jelena MILOVANOVIĆ marginal land suitable for biomass production 7 AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation 8 AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation 9 AGRO-ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Good practices from Slovakia-Serbia bilateral cooperation With a dramatic reduction in farm between the development of agriculture, employment, rural regions become other activities and services in rural areas, to dependent on a wide range of economic ensure a better quality of life and to improve engines for growth. Increasing globalization, the living standards of the people through improved communications and reduced the rational use of resources and also to transportation costs are additional drivers of maintain them for future generations. This economic change in rural areas. The theory integrated approach is a fundament of EU and practice of regional policy have rural development policy West Balkans recognized that financial redistribution and strives to. agriculture-based policies are not able to harness the potential of these economic In West Balkans, introduction of integrated engines. On the aggregate, rural regions face rural development policies is still just an problems of decline with out-migration, effort to be more close to EU policy patterns. ageing, a lower skill base and lower average True understanding of the concept, as much labor productivity that then reduce the as true devotion to it