J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82: 1- 14 (July 1997)

A TRIBUTE TOW B. SCHOFIELD ON HIS 70rn BIRTHDAY

1 2 RENE J. BELLAND AND HOWARD CRUM (with contribution from D. H. VITT)

The question is: Where would you go to find anyone nicer than Wilf Schofield? Or more unworldly? - Perhaps in Nova Scotia! Wilfred Borden Schofield was born on July 19, 1927 in Brooklyn Comer, Nova Scotia, where he developed an interest in all things green, other than money. His first interest in botany centered on vascular plants, but while com­ pleting his bachelor's degree at Acadia University, he was irreversibly drawn to the bryophytes, owing largely to John S. Erskine's (a local bryologist) guidance. Several field trips during his undergraduate years confirmed his interest as he collected both vascular plants and bryophytes. And this was the start of a career of hay baling. Wilf is a field man without equal. He knows the vascular plants, even to the level of sedges and grasses, up or down, and collects them with the same enthusiasm and at the same time that he sees the smallest of mosses in the tiniest niches. After graduating from Acadia University in 1950, Wilf taught geology at the high school level before beginning graduate work at Stanford University under the supervision of William C. Steere. He made a taxonomic study of the genus Hypnum in Canada and Alaska. That genus is, of course, taxonomically difficult, and the species of the northern latitudes were then particularly in need of attention. Wilf spent the summer of 1955 collecting in the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks. After completing his master's degree in 1956, he spent a summer at Fort Churchill, Manito­ ba, got married to Margaret (Peggy) Bledsoe in the fall, and then returned to a teaching job in Nova Scotia. The following summer he and Peggy did field work in the Yukon and re­ turned to Nova Scotia before beginning work on a Ph. D. under the guidance of Henry J. ("Heinie") Oosting at Duke University. His dissertation, on "The Ecotone between Spruce­ fir and Deciduous Forest in the Great Smoky Mountains'', completed in 1960, was primari­ ly ecological but strongly slanted toward the bryophytes. Wilfbegan his academic career at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver in 1960 as instructor of botany and retired from that same institution 33 years later as Profes­ sor. Preceding his retirement, in 1993 , he was honored by a D. Sci. from Acadia University, in 1990. Students found Wilf a warm and welcoming faculty member, always available for ad­ vice and consultation. His classes were not large, but they were highly regarded by stu­ dents. Laboratories were always provided with an ample supply of tea to keep students happy and lubricated. They were provided with fresh material, often collected the preced­ ing day. Wilf's devotion to teaching earned him the Faculty of Science "Excellence in

1 Devonian Botanic Garden, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. T6G 2E 1. 2 Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. 48109-1057. 2 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82 I 9 9 7

Teaching" award in 1991-92. Wilf was diligent in maintaining up-to-date lecture notes that eventually appeared in his Introduction to Bryology, published by the Macmillan Publishing Co. in 1985. That book, designed for student use but extremely useful to the rest of us, is basically morpho­ logical but also includes ecology and distribution. Beautifully illustrated, it won two awards from the Professional and Scholarly Division of the Association of American Publishers in 1985 as the most distinguished book in the life sciences and for excellence in book design and production. In addition, in 1986 the Canadian Botanical Associations's George Lawson Medal was awarded in recognition of the book's contribution to Canadian botany. Wilf co-authored four other textbooks, all used extensively in botany courses: An Evo­ lutionary Survey of the Plant Kingdom ( 1965), Plant Diversity: An Evolutionary Approach (1969), Non-vascular Plants: an Evolutionary Survey (1982), and An Evolutionary Survey of the Plant Kingdom (1984). He also wrote an introduction to bryology entitled Some Common Mosses of British Columbia (1969). The second edition of that book (1992) gave notice of 120 species, briefly characterized and pleasantly illustrated. Wilf's research focus was, and continues to be, primarily phytogeographic, and many of his publications deal with floristics and distribution. He also published papers on taxon­ omy, and his contributions to morphology and anatomy of the moss gametophore in the New Manual ofBryology deserve special mention. Wilf made collections in British Columbia (and perhaps most significantly on the Queen Charlotte Islands) and southward to California, the Yukon, Ellesmere Island, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Taiwan, and Hawaii. In the field, he is always enthusiastic and tireless. He is persistently upbeat and pleasant in spite of such discomforts as fatigue, inclement weather, and lousy food. After a long day of looking and collecting, he would stay up until the wee hours numbering, recording, and pressing his finds. The tremendous bryophyte holdings at the University of British Columbia can be credited to Wilf's collections and exchanges. Under his curatorship, the bryophyte herbari­ um grew from less than 2000 specimens in 1960 to more than an estimated 250,000 in 1995. The herbarium is now the second largest in Canada ranking only behind the National Museum collection at Ottawa. If one asks why the museum collection is larger, Wilf is like­ ly to respond "because we sent them so much on exchange." Wilf's sharp eyes and taxonomic acumen have led to the discovery of numerous taxo­ nomic novelties: Acanthocladium carlottiae, Crumia (C. deciduidentata), Dicranella paci­ fica, and Trematodon boasii, all described by him from the Pacific Northwest; several oth­ ers named in his honor are Andreaea schofieldiana B. Murr., Ctenidium schofieldii Nish., Plagiochila schofieldiana H. Inoue, Schofieldia Godf. (S. monticola Godf.), Sphagnum schofieldii Crum, and S. wilfii Crum (Pacific Northwest), Chaetomitrium schofieldii B. C. Tan & Robins. (Asia), Geum schofieldii Calder & Taylor, Saxifraga oppositifolia fo. schofieldii Boivin and Cladonia schofieldii Ahti (western North America). Added to this long list are the new taxa published in the present volume: Verrucaria schofieldii Brodo, Orthomitrium schofieldii B. C. Tan & Y. Jia and Schofiediella Buck (S. micans (Mitt.) Buck). R. J. B ELLAND & H. CRUM: A tribute tow. B. Schofield on his 70th birthday 3

Figs. a- b. a. Field excursion in British Columbia, after the Botanical Congress in Seattle. He was a leader of the bryological excursion (taken by Zen lwatsuki in 1969). b. Field work in British Columbia. Wilf was very active in spite of the rain (taken by Zen Iwatsuki in 1967).

Wilf carries to extreme his passion for music and books, as well as an appreciation for wines. His music collection consists of more than 2000 old-style vinyl records, cassettes, and CDs occupying several shelves and cupboards on the main floor of his home, while books on botany and English literature are scattered throughout the house. Downtown for­ ays to his favourite book and record stores are made every Thursday afternoon, and in keeping with Wilf's roots as a Scotsman, shopping is pretty much restricted to remaindered or sale priced items. Peggy - short for Margaret - , whom Wilf met during his student days in California, is an accomplished pianist (trained at Eastman) and has a keen interest and involvement in textile design. The flyleaf inscription in the Introduction to Bryology - reads, "To M. I. B. [Peggy], From these I weave my tapestry:/ a dew-jeweled bryophyte fabric/ that yields infi­ nite delight." Wilf and Peggy have three daughters, Linda, Muriel, and Pamela ("a fine lot of young women"). Linda, the eldest, lives in Toronto where she teaches English at Ryerson Poly­ technic University. Muriel is a potter presently residing in Arizona, while Pamela is a grade school teacher in Vancouver who is at home caring for Wilf's and Peggy's only grandchild (Shayden). Personal reminiscences - Howard Crum In the spring of 1955 I followed up on a recommendation from Bill Steere and asked 4 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82 I 9 9 7 his student Wilfred Schofield, whom I had never met, to be my field assistant for a summer in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, at Banff, Jasper, and Waterton Lakes National Parks. I wondered how we would make contact, because Wilf didn't give me any idea of when he would arrive or what he looked like. I spent about two weeks wondering when and if he would arrive, and I visualized that he would look vaguely Scottish - with sandy hair, red­ rimmed eyes, and orange brown freckles - and I hoped he didn't crack his knuckles. We fi­ nally encountered one another, perhaps because of my Ontario license plates, and I was happy to see that his looks were better than I had feared, in fact, quite acceptable, and his personality was unfailingly pleasant and agreeable! The first day I took him to a place that I had already collected but considered worth showing off. Right away, he picked up some small and repulsive species that I had overlooked, and that's the way it went all summer. Wilf is the best collector I have ever known, much better than I, and even then he knew a great deal about plants other than the mosses and collected them with equal zeal and dis­ crimination. We had a good time, and 40 years later, I don't remember a great deal else in detail. I do remember arriving at a motel late at night to find that our room, which we had reserved, had been given out to someone else. We then drove a twisty mountain road in total dark­ ness for about 25 miles and found a place at Glacier Lake. When we unpacked the car, Wilf said his things were missing. We drove back to the other motel, and there they sat in a pile in the parking lot, with a bottle of ink perched on top. I tell this as illustrative of the way Wilf did things (unfortunately, it was the way I did things too). Sometimes Wilf's enthusi­ asm for looking and finding lasted much, much longer than mine. We always had to find time after a long day in the field to press and record our collections. Wilf could supply habitat information very well, but it was difficult for me to find out just what "in a damp pocket" or "on damp mud" meant. That summer was so pleasant and so successful that I asked him to help me in 1956 at the Northern Defense Laboratory at Fort Churchill, Manitoba. He spent a short summer there, owing to the fact that he had to return to California to get married-a pretty good ex­ cuse. Lewis Anderson and Bill Steere had also joined me that summer. They were doing cytotaxonomic work on mosses, and Wilf and I found just what they needed, in just the right stage. Needless to say, it was a summer of great fun, and it worked out well for Wilf because Andy put him on to Heinie Oosting for graduate study at Duke University. During the winter Wilf and Peggy visited me in Ottawa. I asked Wilf if he would assist me again in the Yukon. I also asked Peggy if she would like to come, and be darned if she didn't. As it turned out, she was very useful and very pleasant to have around. We had a sleeping tent and an auxiliary tent for plant processing and feeding. As a long time bache­ lor, I found the sleeping arrangements strange, but better than being devoured by mosqui­ toes. It was a good summer. Unfortunately I had ridden out from Ottawa and up the Alcan Highway with a colleague. We were supposed to share the vehicle, but I never saw him again during the summer. The result was that Wilf, Peggy, and I did a lot of walking. Once, we took advantage of the long daylight to walk 25 miles, more or less collecting as we went. It just happened that it really wasn't worth it! I have not had much reason to be involved with Wilf and Peggy since that time, but I R. J. B ELLAND & H. CRUM: A tribute to W. B. Schofield on his 70lh birthday 5 consider them very good friends, out of sight but not out of mind. Thoughts on Wilf - Dale H. Vitt I first met Wilf in 1969 when I attended the field trip he arranged in connection with the Botanical Congress held in Seattle. It was a marvelous trips - my first time in the rain­ forests of the west coast. During the l 970's, during my first years at the University of Al­ berta, Wilf was always supportive. Later, during the early 80's, Wilf, Diana Horton, and I spent portions of several summers collecting in the Yukon and northern British Columbia. Wilf has always reminded me of the actor Jack Lemmon. His passion for wine always led us to the local store ~he especially liked Kaiser Stuhl Bin 55, a rich dark Australian red, in those days not available in British Columbia. I remember flying out of Ft. Nelson (northern British Columbia) with several large bottles of wine along in a small float plane. After the pilot attempted a long take-off run down the lake and aborting the take-off at the last minute, he declared to us that we had too much weight in the plane. On return to the dock and after much discussion we decided to leave some clothes, food, and other supplies behind -we kept the wine! More recently Wilfpassed the coveted 100,000 specimen number mark - I don't know what the species was for that number, but it was probably Ceratodon purpureus - as Wilf always collected every species at each locality. I remember us chiding each other as to whether we had each collected this wonderful species at each locality. In addition to UBC having the world's best Ceratodon collection, it also has a tremendous collection of bryophytes made by the best field bryologist I have known. Of course, he still uses bags that are too big and he numbers specimens after collection - spending all hours of the night reminiscing each of the days experiences! Ruminations - Rene J. Belland The first time I met Wilf was in Edmonton in 1976, at a bryological social organized by Dale Vitt for his students and associates. At this first meeting, I remember Wilf as being a sincere person who seemed genuinely interested in students and other fellow human be­ ings. I never thought that at some future date, I would be an associate of such an highly re­ garded Canadian bryologist. Ten years after our first meeting, I stood at Wilf's office door, ready to start a two year post-doc. I was excited to begin work with a person whose floristic publications showed such depth of knowledge on the distribution ofbryophytes. In my thesis, I had quoted Wilf often, as his documentation of disj uncts formed part of the foundation of my own work. Although excited, I was also anxious and nervous at beginning research in the ivory halls of a large university, the University of British Columbia. I had, after all, just moved from Memorial University in St. John's Newfoundland, a small school in a small cozy city where everyone knows each other (well, almost). Wilf's warm, genuine welcome quickly dis­ solved any trepidation I may have felt, as he invited my wife and I in and served us hot tea (everyone who came to see Wilf was offered 'cha', or tea). His first concerns were about our trip out and how difficult it must have been to leave our circle of friends back in New­ foundland. Over the next seven years I watched Wilf welcome many visitors into his office with equal warmth and equanimity. 6 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82 I 9 9 7

Figs. c- e. c. Field work in the Mingan Islands, Quebec. Shown is Terry Hedderson (at the helm) and Wilf enjoying the ride in 'the' leaky boat (1989). (Photo courtesy: D. H. Vitt). d. Field work at Wyndham Lake, British Columbia (1979). Wilf (the 'butler', right) serving wine to Dale Vitt (the 'fisherman'). (Photo courtesy: D. H. Vitt). e. Field work in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Wilf is taking a break along the trail and chatting with Mario Sa. (Photo courtesy: D. H. Vitt). R. J. B ELLAND & H. CRUM: A tribute tow. B. Schofield on his 70u. birthday 7

My first impression of Wilf, of his genuine warmth, soon gave way to my second im­ pression, when I saw the state of his office. Anyone with an office that appears to have had an atomic bomb detonated in it must be very busy indeed, I thought! Books and papers were piled 30-40 cm deep on all available desk and counter real estate and on a great por­ tion of the floor. In his ante-chamber (his "lab"), shoe boxes filled with specimens and yet more books were everywhere. While the department was undergoing constant changes at this time, I felt that the only constant was the organized chaos in Wilf's office! And changes were proceeding rapidly within the department. It was a time when or­ ganismal biology was no longer considered "in vogue" and molecular approaches were all the rage. Like many other biological departments, the UBC Botany Department was not immune to the fad, and molecular specialists were being hired at a rapid pace. Unfortunate­ ly, the molecular personnel were replacing retiring organismal botanists and it appeared that the trend would continue. Wilf is a botanist who believes that a solid foundation in general botany is a prerequi­ site for specialized study of plants. Consequently, the direction that botany was heading was of great consternation. With the rapid loss of organismal botanists at universities, who will be competent to teach general courses in plants? And with the rising concern about loss of the worlds' biological heritage, who will be able to properly document this heritage if students are no longer educated to work in this area? These questions would arise fre­ quently, and with great passion, at tea breaks and lunch hour discussions. The only time the topic did not arise was in the field, when Wilf was too busy hay bailing, and I was too busy absorbing all the bryophyte names and details about their habitats and morphological varia­ tion in British Columbia. I had the pleasure of spending many days in the field with Wilf. While many were day trips out of Vancouver, a number lasted several weeks. The latter were mainly in Nova Sco­ tia, New Brunswick and Newfoundland. The first away trip was in 1987, when we spent one month in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. Part of our time was spent on the Cape Bre­ ton Highlands, where I had discovered several rare bryophytes in the national park during previous visits. Most of these were in a particularly rich gorge that I had not fully explored. Earlier that spring I had accepted an offer from a local botanist to guide us into an area of this gorge where I had not been. I wanted to take Wilf along so he could collect all the goodies that I had missed. The local held steadfast to his promise, and led us easily, via a series of bogs, to the gorge's rim. Once down inside the gorge we collected numerous rari­ ties, but soon noticed that our botanist guide had disappeared. When he did not reappear after three hours we decided that we had been abandoned (and indeed we had been!). It was late afternoon when we made our way back to the rim of the gorge, but there were no bogs to follow back to the road, only dense coniferous forest. At once, I retrieved my compass and map and calculated a heading through the woods to return to the car. I soon discovered Wilf's mistrust of mechanical devices. Five minutes after starting out, he states that the compass is wrong, and that we should head left. I replied that I had done this before and that trusting the compass would get us home. Another five minutes passed and Wilf again says, this time more fervently, that we're heading the wrong way. I retorted with, "I'm fol­ lowing the compass. If you want to go that way, then go ahead". No reply. But I could hear 8 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82 I 9 9 7

Wilf following close behind as we crashed through the bush. Another twenty minutes passed and we finally reached a large bog. On the other side we could see the car, smack on our compass heading. Several days later, on Gros Morne Mountain in western Newfound­ land, we set out to find another gully filled with bryological gems. When we reached the treeless, rocky, mountain summit, we were immediately surrounded in fog. I calculated a compass heading, "We need to go this way". Wilfreplies, "O. K, go ahead. I'll follow". We returned to Cape Breton together two more times, in 1988 and 1991. 1988 was the year of the now famous "Schofield Slide" and "Schofield Tumble". These events gained notoriety for Wilf among the Cape Breton Highlands National Park staff. Both incidents happened on the same day, in 1988, while collecting on high cliffs below the rim of the Cape Breton plateau. We had just finished collecting a cliff and were readying to begin our steep descent to the creek far below. Wilf, who was standing between a park warden and I, started down the slope. All I remember seeing was the flash of his yellow raincoat. One second he was there and the next second he was gone! The warden was impressed! The Schofield Slide, as it will be remembered, was a rapid descent along a grassy slope for 75 meters before coming to a halt, miraculously without bruising any rocks, trees, or Wilfl A scant 15 minutes later, Wilf performed his Tumble by tripping on a boulder while making his move to peer at the bryophytes on a tree stump. After a 360° flip, he came up on his feet non-plussed and announced, "It was only Tetraphis pellucida!", and carried on! It was in 1988 that I learned about Wilf's penchant for a good wine. As part of our strategy to make camp life more enjoyable, we decided to try all the wines of Nova Scotia. The wine industry is small in Nova Scotia, and grapes for these are grown in the Annapolis Valley, which is the northern limit for grapes in eastern Canada. Our first trip to the liquor market was educational. I had not realized that there were so many Nova Scotian wines. This didn't bother Wilf as he selected several bottles. Once back to our cabin, he proudly lined them up on a kitchen shelf. It turned out that all of the local wines we tried were "palatable" as Wilf would describe them, but none had much "character". We soon opted for Hungarian wine and Scotch whiskey. In 1991, we returned to the gorge where we had been abandoned four years previous­ ly. This time we made our way into the gorge using a route that I knew well. It was again a botanically profitable trip as Wilf's botanical experience in Nova Scotia 30 years previously led us to the discovery of two vascular plants new to the province. Wilf's "unworldliness" was never more striking as on excursion, in 1989, to document the bryophytes of the Mingan Archipelago. This archipelago, made famous by Marie-Vic­ torin for its rare vascular plants, is a series of about 22 main islands and numerous islets spread over 7 5 km of coast, just off the northern shores of the St. Lawrence River in eastern Quebec. All of the work was done from an old wooden boat that we had rented from a local in Havre St. Pierre. This boat could absorb more water than a sponge! Furthermore, it was under-powered, being equipped with only a 20 H. P. outboard that was 15 yrs. old and fouled one set of spark plugs every day. When this happened, the outboard would sputter and die, leaving us stranded until we hauled up the motor and changed the plugs. We had hired Terry Hedderson as our assistant and boat captain. Terry is a Newfoundland fisher­ man's son, and we had great faith in his boatsmanship. Because of the state of our boat, we R. J. B ELLAND & H. CRUM: A tribute to W. B . Schofield on his 70th birthday 9 avoided open water whenever possible. On one excursion however, we had to cross a 3 km stretch to reach home shore. As we advanced the waters became very choppy. The waves seemed to come from all directions, and they were big. I was very worried, "If the motor fails, then we're sunk". Terry was visibly worried also, especially when the waves broke over the stern and added water to our already sluggish vessel. Wilf, who was sitting in the middle of the boat, looked rather relaxed and he seemed to be enjoying the views. Terry and I were both very relieved when we landed ashore. Terry told me that it was the worst waters that he had ever navigated, especially given the state of our equipment. I replied that I hoped we would never have to do that again. Upon hearing our comments, Wilf looked at both of us with a puzzled look, "Were we in any kind of danger? I really enjoyed that ride". As with most people, one's focus can often make one forgetful of some of the minor irritants in the field. I am sure that Wilf's single mindedness in bryology helped him en­ dure, or ignore, many nuisances during field trips. This was probably true during our trip to Kejirnkujik National Park, Nova Scotia in 1992. We had arrived at the height of the tick season. After having picked up a half dozen of the little creatures on my first day, I soon re­ alized that they were most abundant on the short Carima shrubs along the roadside right of way. Wilf and I were having to make our way through these to reach the much more inter­ esting forest stands. Having figured out where I was collecting the ticks, I would always let Wilf go first and clear the path through the Carima. Invariably, he would bring home ticks daily and I would not. Rather convenient for me. We were in Kejimkujik for two weeks, and it took Wilf until the last day to figure it out (I guess he thought I was just being cour­ teous toward my elder). We had stopped to go back to a site for photographs and had to cross a Carima patch. Wilf sat in the car as I got my camera, "Coming with me Wilf?". "No", he replied, "I've caught on. You can pick up the ticks by yourself!". I collected five of them. I am still in regular contact with Wilf and visit with the Schofields anytime I am in Vancouver. Tea time in his office will always be relished, along with talk of bryology, botany, wine, and the general state of the world.

GRADUATE STUDENTS Ph.D. Chuang C.-C., 1971 - Moss flora of Taiwan (exclusive of Pleurocarpi). Worley, I., 1972 - Bryogeography of Southeastern Alaska. Zales, W. M., 1973 - A taxonomic revision of the genus Philonotis for North America~ north of Mexico. Jamieson, D. W., 1976 - A monograph of the genus Hygrohypnum Lindb. Godfrey, J. D., 1977 - The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of southwestern British Columbia. Tan, B. C., 1980 - A moss flora of Selkirk and Purcell Mountain ranges, southeastem British Columbia. Noble W., 1982 - Lichen flora of the coastal Douglas-fir dry subzone of British Columbia. Mcintosh, T. T., 1986 - The bryophytes of the semi-arid steppe of south-central British Co-· lumbia. Spence, J. R., 1986 - Biogeography of the montane moss flora of southwestern British ·co- 10 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82 I 9 9 7

lumbia and Northwestern Washington state. Harpel, J. 1997 - The phytogeography and ecology of the mosses within The San Juan Is­ lands, Washington state.

M.Sc. Dill, F. J., 1961 - Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis in mosses. Williams, R. D., 1966 - The genus Isothecium in Pacific North America. Banu, K., 1969 - Rhacomitrium heterostichum complex in British Columbia. Doliner, L. H., 1977 - The C4 syndrome and its adaptive significance. Hoisington, B., 1979 - A study of the Brachythecium asperimum-frigidum species com­ plex. Van Velzen, J. P., 1981 - Classification of epilithic bryophyte communities in south-west­ ern British Columbia. Christy, J., 1985 - Identity and limit of Limbella tricostata (Musci: Amblystegiaceae). Donovan, L. S., 1987 - A fioristic and phytogeographic study of Glacial Mountain and vicinity: northwestern British Columbia. Djan-Chekar, N., 1993 - The bryophyte flora of Bridal Veil Falls, British Columbia: an analysis of its composition and diversity.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1948 Floerkea proserpinacoides in Nova Scotia. Rhodora 50: 283- 284. (By D. S. Erskine & W. B. Schofield). 1949 Notes on the flora of Kings County, Nova Scotia. Canad. Field-Nat. 63 : 44-45. 1952 Contributions to the Flora of Nova Scotia, I & II. Rhodora 54: 220- 228. (By E. C. Smith & W. B. Schofield). 1953 Contributions to the Flora of Nova Scotia III. Canad. Field-Nat. 67: 93- 94. (By W. B. Schofield & E. C. Smith). 1955 Botanical investigations on coastal southern Cornwallis Island, N. W. T. Canad. Field-Nat. 69: 116-128. (By W. B. Schofield & W. J. Cody). Contributions to the Flora of Nova Scotia V. Rhodora 57: 301 - 310. 1956 Myuroclada, a genus new to North America. Bryologist 59: 1- 5. (By W. C. Steere & W. B. Schofield). 1958 The mosses of Gillam, Manitoba. Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 160: 91- 106. (By H. Crum & W. B. Schofield). The salt marsh vegetation of Churchill, Manitoba, and its phytogeographic implications. Bull. Natl. R. J. B ELLAND & H. CRUM: A tribute to w. B. Schofield on his 70lh birthday 11

Mus. Canada 160: 107- 132 1959 Contributions to the Flora of Nova Scotia, VI. Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 73 : 155- 160. (By E. C. Smith & W. B. Schofield). Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana in the southern Appalachians. Bryologist 62: 248- 250. 1960 Late Glacial and Postglacial plant macrofossils from Gillis Lake, Richmond County, Nova Scotia. Amer. J. Sci. 258: 318- 523. (By W. B. Schofield & H. Robinson). 1962 Crumia, a new genus of the Pottiaceae endemic to western North America. Canad. J. Bot. 44: 609--614. Treubia nana in North America. Bryologist 65 : 277- 279. 1965 Correlation between the moss floras of Japan and British Columbia, Canada. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28: 17-42. An evolutionary survey of the plant kingdom. Wadsworth Pub!. Co., Belmont, Cali f. 658 pp. (By R. F. Scagel, R. J. Bandoni, G. E. Rouse, W .B. Schofield, J. R. Stein & T. M. C. Taylor). 1966 Acanthocladium (Sect. Tanythrix ) in North America. Bryologist 69: 334-338. The identity of Polytrichum sphaerothecium (Besch.) Broth. Misc. Bryol. Lichenol. 4: 33- 35. A new species of Trematodon from western North America. Bryologist 69: 202- 204. Pseudoparaphyllia in Porotrichum bigelovii. Bryologist 69: 376-377. (By W. B. Schofield & K. A. Thompson). 1967 Fissidens ventricosus in North America. Bryologist 70: 257-261. (By R. R. Ireland & W. B. Schofield). 1968 Bryophytes of British Columbia I. Mosses of particular interest. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 31 : 205- 226. Bryophytes of British Columbia II. Hepatics of particular interest. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 31 : 265- 282. Takakia lepidozioides in Hokkaido, Japan. Misc. Bryol. Lichenol. 6 (2): 17- 18. 1969 Bryophyta Canadensis (nos. 1- 25). University of British Columbia, Vancouver. A checklist of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of British Columbia. Syesis 1: 157-162. E/eocharis R. Br. spikerush. In : A. E. Roland and E. C. Smith, Flora of Nova Scotia, part I. Proc. Nova Scotian Inst. Sci. 26: 131 - 138. Phytogeography ofnorthwestern North America: bryophytes and vascular plants. Madrofio 20: 155- 207. Plant diversity: an evolutionary approach. Wadsworth Pub!. Co., Belmont, Calif. 460 pp. (By R. F. Scagel, R. J. Bandoni, G. E. Rouse, W. B. Schofield, J. R. Stein & T. M. C. Taylor). A selectively annotated checklist of British Columbia mosses. Syesis I: 163- 175. Some common mosses of British Columbia. B. C. Provincial Museum 259 pp. [2nd edition - 1992. Royal British Columbia Museum. 394 pp.] 12 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82 I 9 9 7

1970 Analysis of moss dehydrogenases by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. Canad. J. Bot. 48: 367- 369. (By I. E. P. Taylor, W. B. Schofield & A. A. Elliott). Mosses - Their use in a Japanese garden. Davidsonia 1: 18. The name of Jsothecium sto/oniferum. Taxon 19: 484. (By R. D. Willians & W. B. Schofield). A new species of Dicranella endemic to western North America. Bryologist 73: 702- 706. 1972 Bryology in arctic and boreal North America and Greenland. Canad. J. Bot. 50: 1111- 1133 . Disjunctions in bryophytes. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 59: 174-202. (By W. B. Schofield & H. A. Crum). 1973 Mosses on rooftops. Davidsonia 4: 27-29. The taxonomic position of Campylium adscendens (Lindb.) Mitt. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 37: 609--615 . (By Z. lwatsuki & W. B. Schofield). 1974 Bipolar disjunctive mosses in the Southern Hemisphere, with particular reference to New Zealand. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 37: 13-32. 1976 Bryophytes of British Columbia III: habitat and distributional information for selected species. Syesis 9: 317- 354. Seligeria careyana, a new species from the Queen Charlotte Islands, western Canada. Bryologist 79: 231- 234. (By D. H. Vitt & W. B. Schofield). 1977 Co/o/ejeunea macounii, a second locality in North America. Bryologist 80: 647--650. (By D. G. Hor­ ton & W. B. Schofield). The moss flora of Lynn Canyon Park, North Vancouver, British Columbia. Syesis 10: 97- 110. (By G. Krause & W. B. Schofield). 1979 New and interesting hepatics from British Columbia, Canada, and Northern Washington, U.S.A. II. Bryologist 82 : 162- 170. (By J. D. Godfrey & W. B. Schofield). Radula brunnea Steph. in North America. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 46: 285- 288. (By W .B. Schofield & G. A. Godfrey). 1980 Checklist of the 111osses of Canada. Nat. Museum of Canada. Puhl. Bot. No. 8. 75 pp. (By R. R. Ire­ land, C. D. Bird, G. R. Brassard, W. B. Schofield & D. H. Vitt). On Dichodontium pellucidum and D. o/ympicum. Canad. J. Bot. 58: 2067- 2072. (By B. C. Tan & W. B. Schofield). Phytogeography of the mosses of North America (north of Mexico). Pages 131-170. In Mosses of North America. Edited by R. Taylor and A. Leviton. AAAS Publications, San Fransisco. 170 pp. 1981 Chromosome studies on some mosses from northwestern North America. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 49: 319- 334. (By H. P. Ramsay & W. B. Schofield). Ecological significance of morphological characters in the moss gametophyte. Bryologist 84: 149- R. J. BELLAND & H. CRUM : A tribute to W. B. Schofield on his 70u. birthday 13

165. Observations on the cytology of mosses endemic to western North America which occur in British Columbia. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 49: 279- 304. (By H. P. Ramsay & W. B. Schofield). 1982 Cuparene and isocuparene type sesquiterpenes in liverworts of the genus Herbertus. Phytochemistry 21: 2471- 2473. (By Y. Asakawa, R. Matsuda, W. B. Schofield & S. R. Gradstein). Dendrobazzania, a new genus of Lepidoziacaea (Jungermaniales). Bryologist 85 : 231 - 238. (By R. M. Schuster & W .B. Schofield). Nonvascular plants: an evolutionary survey. Wadsworth Pub!. Co., Belmont, Calif. 570" pp. (By R. F. Scagel, R. J. Bandoni, J. R. Maze, G. E. Rouse, W. B. Schofield & J. R. Stein). The status of fioristic and systematic bryology in North America: 1978. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 71: 395-423. (By W. B. Schofield & N. G. Miller). 1984 Bryogeography of the Pacific coast of North America. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 55: 35-43. The lichens and bryophytes of Burns Bog, Fraser Delta, southwestern British Columbia. Syesis 16: 53--69. (By T. Goward & W. B. Schofield). The morphology and anatomy of the moss gametophore. Pages 627--657. [Chapter 11.) In New man­ ual ofbryology, vol. 2. Edited by R. M. Schuster. Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Japan. 1295 pp. (By W. B. Schofield & C. Hebant). Plants: an evolutionary survey. Wadsworth Pub!. Co., Belmont, Calif. 757 pp. (By R. F. Scagel, R. J. Bandoni, J. R. Maze, G. E. Rouse, W. B. Schofield & J. R. Stein). 1985 Heterocladium macounii in orth America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 11 : 133- 145. Introduction to Bryology. Macmillan Pub!. Co., N. Y. 431 pp. 1986 The mystery of endemic plants in British Columbia. Discovery 15 (3): 101- 103. 1987 Checklist of the mosses of Canada. Lindbergia 13 : 1- 162. (By R.R. Ireland, G. R. Brassard, W. B. Schofield & D. H. Vitt). Preliminary studies of the Sematophyllaceae (Bryopsida) from North Queensland. Newslett. Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. 50: 7- 12. (By H.P. Ramsay & W. B. Schofield). 1988 Acrobolbus ciliatus (Mitt.) Schitfu in southwestern Alaska. Beif. Nova Hedwigia 90: 177- 178. Bryogeography and the bryophytic characterization of biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia, Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 66: 2673- 2686. Bryophyte disjunctions in the Holarctic: Europe and North America. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 211-224. Community organization: some phytogeographic concepts as applied to vegetation of British Colum­ bia, Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 66: 2673- 2686. Pseudoleskea stenophylla Ren. & Card. ex Roell in eastern North America. Bryologist 91: 357- 359. (By R. J. Belland & W. B. Schofield). 1989 Generic distinctness of Brothere/la from Pylaisiadelpha (Musci). Bryologist 92: 209- 215. (By H. Ando, T. Seki & W. B. Schofield). 14 J. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 82 I 9 9 7

Structure and affinities of the bryoflora of the Queen Charlotte Island. Pages 109- 119. In The outer shores. Edited by G. G. E. Scudder and N. Gessler. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum, Skidgate. 327 pp. 1990 Bryophytes of Mt. Tomah Botanic Gardens. Cunninghamia 2: 295- 303. (By H. P. Ramsay, A. Down­ ing & W. B. Schofield). Rare and endangered bryophytes of B. C. Bio line 9: 15- 17. Rhytidiadelphus japonicus (Reimers) Kop. in North America. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 69: 265- 267. (By W. B. Schofield & S. S. Talbot). 1991 Bryophytes in the vicinity of Jenolan Caves, New South Wales. Cunninghamia 2: 371 - 384. (By A.J. Downing, H. P. Ramsay & W. B. Schofield). Bryophytes. Pages 152- 257. In Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1991 edition Macropaedia, vol. 15. Editor in Chief, P. W. Goets. The University of Chicago. 1992 Bryophyte distribution patterns. Pages 103- 130. In Bryophytes and lichens in a changing environ­ ment. Edited by J. W. Bates and A. M. Farmer. Oxford University Press. Bryophytes of Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve, Quebec: a boreal flora with arctic and alpine components. Canad. J. Bot. 70: 2202-2222. (By R. J. Belland, W. B. Schofield & T. A. Hedderson). Some common mosses of British Columbia (revised edition). Royal B. C. Provincial Museum Hand­ book. 394 pp. Hypnum plicatulum in eastern North America. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 18: 87- 90. 1993 A celebration of Sinske Hattori (1915- 1992). Bryologist 96: 479-481. Salb: vestita Pursh and Saxifraga oppositifolia L.: arctic-alpine species new to Nova Scotia. Rhodora 95: 76-78. (By R. J. Belland & W. B. Schofield). The species concept as applied to bryophytes. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 74: 23- 27. 1994 Bryophytes of Mediterranean climates in British Columbia. Hikobia 11: 407-414. The ecology and phytogeography of the bryophytes of Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Cana­ da. Nova Hedwigia 59: 275- 309. (By R. J. Belland & W. B. Schofield). Rare and endangered bryophytes in British Columbia. Pages 71- 75. In Biodiversity in British Colum­ bia: our changing environment. Edited by L. E. Harding and E. McCullum. Environment Cana­ da, Canadian Wildlife Service. 426 pp. 1995 Contribution toward an understanding of Polystichum aleuticum C. Chr. on Adak Island, Alaska. Amer. Fern J. 85 : 83- 88. (By S. S. Talbot, S. L. Talbot & W. B. Schofield). 1996 A contribution to Australian Sematophyllaceae (Bryopsida). Australian Syst. Bot. 9: 319- 327. (By B. C. Tan, H. R. Ramsay & W. B. Schofield).