19990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

BUREAUCRATIC DELAYS NEED OUR Obviously, delays beyond ·that are account, take out a. loan, buy something on ATTENTION highly inftationary. the installment plan or apply for a credit I hope some of the committees in­ ca.rd." In 1974, only a. narrow 48 to 43 per cent plurality feel the same way. volved can get together to work out some An 85 per cent majority believes that HON. PAUL SIMON sensible accommodations for our citi­ OF ILLINOIS "illegal wiretapping and other forms of elec­ zens.• tronic surveillance" are "probably" or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "surely" going on in America. Monday, July 10, 1978 A 61 per cent majority believes that "the FEAR LOSS OF PRIVACY Internal Revenue Service 1s not keeping indi­ • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, recently Mr. vidual tax returns confidential." R. L. Gardner, the county superintend­ A 79 per cent majority is convinced that ent of highways in Monroe County, Ill., HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. "credit businesses are selling information came to me and said that they need to OF CALIFORNIA a.bout an individual's credit standing." go ahead on two bridges that are badly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A 71 per cent majority also holds the view needed in Monroe County, and it looks that "employers a.re sharing information like it will take 4 or 5 years before they Monday, July 10, 1978 from their employes' personnel or medical get the paperwork done on the bridges. e Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, as records." According to this recent Harris Survey of Ifound that incredible. we move closer to 1984, Americans are 1,458 adults nationwide, majorities of Ameri­ I asked a member of my staff, Nick becoming increasingly concerned over cans feel that other common invasions of Penning, to check into it, and he gave invasions of their privacy. The elements privacy are unsolicited sales phone ca.Us, un­ me the attached report: of computerized recording systems and solicited mail advertising bank and loan the growing distrust of Government have companies asking personal questions when DELAYS IN BRIDGE AND HIGHWAY someone appltes for a loan, and the use of CONSTRUCTION led to a feeling that it is virtually impos­ sible to keep personal information pri­ one's Social Security number as identifica­ I checked with DOT liaison about Mr. R. L. tion.e Gardner's problem in getting a couple of vate. Efforts to radically alter this situa­ bridges built. tion must be constant and pe.rsistent if we are to avoid the prophecies of George Apparently the big problems began occur­ MAGGIE McKNIGHT APARTMENTS ring after the passage of the Environmental Orwell. Policy Act. Until that time the average time A recent Harris Poll indicated that it took to go through the process was 1 71 percent of all Americans feel that they HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN year. Now the average is 3-4 years. surrender their privacy "the day they OF OHIO The big hangup is the environmental im­ open their first charge account, take out pact statement. If the project is minor and a loan, or apply for a credit card." In IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES non-controversial, the time required may be 1974, only 48 percent felt the same way. Monday, July 10, 1978 reduced to 1 year. But if there's any contro­ versy at all-over such things as land use, The rapid growth and use of easy access e Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, it air quality, or conflicting state priorities­ computer systems has no doubt served to was my pleasure to dedicate the Maggie the project could easily require the full 4 increase public fears. Regulations on McKnight Apartments in Xenia, Ohio, years. such systems are difficult to enforce and on May 7, 1978. They were named in DOT said Congressman Shuster succeeded easy to get around. honor of the woman who contributed in getting a project in his district singled The growing disenchantment over greatly to the success of the Greene out as a demonstration project to speed up Government effectiveness goes hand in County Opportunities Industrialization these red tape requirements. So far it's work­ hand with concerns over the lack of Center and the Greene Metropolitan ing and has cut the time to 1 year. But DOT privacy. The same poll indicated that doesn't know whether the speedup could be Housing Authority. applied across the country in all cases. Americans believe that the use of social security numbers as identification is Mrs. McKnight was instrumental in Often the tie-up is not the fault of fed­ often unwarranted and exploitive. Fur­ establishing the Xenia ore, allowing eral rules, but is caused by a local conflict many black and white disadvantaged with the state DOT. US-DOT says Illinois is ther, 61 percent of all Americans feel one of their problem areas when it comes to that the IRS is not keeping individual tax persons to acquire skills in reading, this state-local conflict. returns confidential. As Government en­ writing, and arithmetic, as well as voca­ I asked about whether a mandatory time larges, the files it maintains and dis­ tional training. Through Maggie's lead­ period for a report and decision on the red tributes increases. Without exacting re­ ership, the ore became a prime example tape requirements wuuld do any good. DOT strictions, the proliferation of unneces­ of a community working together to meet seemed to think it would be difficult to over­ sary and dangerous files on private citi­ ~ community need. rule any of the other acts that now apply The completion of this apartment to road and bridge construction. So even if a zens will continue. speed up law were passed, you'd still have to Although in recent months public con­ building is a tribute to Maggie's contri­ go through the hearings and reports to make cerns seem to have shifted to other areas, butions. As a home for the elderly and sure local citizens and the environment are concern over the right to privacy remains handicapped, the Maggie McKnight protected. vita.I. Establishing effective guidelines Apartments are designed to follow the Perhaps between my able colleagues, and regulations on the use of personal traditions of Maggie and the OIC-to Congressman JIM HowARD and Congress­ records can only help to ease the distrust "help persons help themselves." man "Bun" SHUSTER, something can be of Government which in itself contrib­ All who were fortunate enough to have done to straighten this thing out. utes to increasing concern over the vio­ known Maggie were saddened by her I am for an environmental impact lations of privacy. death in 1970. It is to her memory that ::;tatement. But it should not be so com­ For the convenience of my colleagues, I submit this poem, written by Thomas E. plicated and so cumbersome that some­ I am including the following article from Kelley, the purchasing manager of Cen­ one cannot complete it in a reasonable the Chicago Tribune, June 15, 1978, re­ tral State University, Wilberforce, Ohio: amount of tinie. porting the results of the Harris Poll on MAGGIE MCKNIGHT APARTMENTS privacy: Today we are doing To delay a needed bridge for even a FEAR Loss OF PRIVACY That which we know to be right; year seems to me to be totally unrea­ For we are honoring a great person sonable. (By Louis Harris) There is rapidly growing concern among The Honorable Maggie McKnight, From the time the final plans for a Americans about the invasion of their pri­ A broad beaming face bridge are drawn until the authorization vacy. By 71 to 24 per cent, a majority agrees Withe. heart of pure gold; for that bridge is granted, should not be that "Americans begin surrendering their On poor peoples problems more than 6 months at the very most. privacy the day they open their first charge Maggie was definitely sold,

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., e July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19991 For she asked those who had As you were once an All-American athlete, LUCILLE EARL: AN OUTSTANDING To give to the needy and poor; you have been a champion public servant. NEVADAN She took her work so seriously When the name "Frank Hood" comes up the She knocked on many a door, comment inevitably follows, "He's one of the world's true gentlemen." I know of no higher HON. JIM SANTINI In all kinds of weather praise, and I heartily concur in it. Whether by day or night; Sincerely, OF NEVADA She could not sit down and rest RA y ROBERTS, Chairman .• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This was Maggie McKnight, Monda)!, July 10, 1978 Color and position no bar She delighted in talking with all; ERA EXTENSION OF REMARKS e Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, the city Lifting a helping hand of Las Vegas has recently lost one of At the slightest beck and call, her most appreciated and talented citi­ HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE zens with the passing of Lucille Earl. So today we honor Maggie OF NEW JERSEY In armor a shining McKnight; Her musical talents and her many Who gave her very own life IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES contributions to the betterment of life As a part of her sharing fight, Monday, July 10, 1978 in our city will not be forgotten. Her talents and her interests were vigorously May the people in these very fine homes • Mr. MAGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, yester­ Know why they are here; invested in her family, church, and Because of a very fine soul day we saw tens of thousands of women, community, Maggie McKnight was oh! so dear.e men, and children united across party, From her South Ninth Street home, geographic, ethnic, and economic lines, my family and I were fortunate enough marching to proclaim their support for to have personally known Mrs. Earl and the extension of the equal rights to have enjoyed her friendship and mu­ A TRIBUTE TO FRANK HOOD amendment. sical talent. She was a family :fixture and Today, as National ERA Lobby Day friend for many years. She will be sorely progresses we have all been visited by missed by all those whose Iives she HON. RAY ROBERTS many of our constituents, and by lobby­ touched. OF TEXAS ists groups who seek our support on the At this point, I want to share with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES extension resolution. you the editorial comment in the Las The ERA, as you are all aware, is de­ Monday, July 10, 1978 Vegas Review-Journal, which elaborates signed to eradicate the discriminatory on the contributions and accomplish­ e Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, I do not loopholes in statutes as they currently ments of this outstanding Nevadan: need to tell Members of the House how stand. I have found that there are 800 LUCILLE EARL-THE MUSIC LINGERS ON competent and dedicated most civil serv­ laws on both Federal and State levels The voice of Lucille Earl has been stilled, ice employees are. We deal with them which systematically discriminate but three generations of Las Vegans will daily and, thus, get daily proof that our against women. These include inherit­ remember her beautiful contralto, trained Government is blessed with executives of ance tax statutes, scholarship and fel­ in one of the finest music schools in the na­ :fine mind and character. lowship availability, employment oppor­ tion and the contribution she made to the One of the :finest is Director of the tunity laws, and penal code provisions. culture of Las Vegas at a time when musical Veterans Administration's Information The ratification of the equal rights opportunities were almost as barren as the Service. I am sure many of our colleagues amendment is not merely a symbolic act, desert surrounding the town. or an empty gesture; it is a real and nec­ Mrs. Earl died last Saturday at the age know Frank Hood. He grew up on an of 78, after being a Las Vegas resident for Iowa farm. The physical, mental, and essary measure which must be passed 50 years. When she came to Las Vegas as emotional qualities he acquired working now, if we are to achieve the equality in the bride of Marion B. Earl, attorney and beside his father in the :fields made him life and law for which we all strive. former justice of the peace, she started shar­ an all-American athlete at Iowa State Unfortunately, the amendment is in ing her musical ability and training with the and a three-letter man. He later became peril of dying if the extension resolution community. a distinguished journalist for the Kansas is not passed. We cannot let it die. Cur­ The First Ward of the LDS Church was rently, 35 of the 38 States necessary for her medium of expression, but the Singing City Star and the Associated Press, then Mothers she trained and directed performed went on to become head football and the ratification of ERA have approved it, not only for church congregations, but for basketball coach at Rockhurst College in but the time limitation placed on the community programs as well. Perhaps even Kansas City before entering Service dur­ measure at its inception in 1972 will run more widely known was the LDS Sextet, ing World War II. out as of March 22, 1978-a mere 6 which often was called upon for public per­ Learning that Frank Hood was cele­ months away. formances and civic programs. Appearing brating his 20th anniversary in his posi­ When the 92d Congress sent the ERA with her for more than two decades were to the States for vatiftcation, and arbi­ Nelda Adams, Mildred Ashworth, Norma tion at the VA, I sent him a letter that Cram, Maude Empey, and Evelyn Garnett. I would like to share with other Mem­ trarily decided 7-year "deadlin~" was in­ They were widely known for their Christmas bers of the House: cluded with the amendment. The 7-year programs. She also fostered interest in the JUNE 29, 1978. time limit was imposed before many of Community Concert Association annual con­ Mr. FRANK HOOD, us joined this congressional body. certs. Dtrector, Information Service, Veterans' Ad­ This Congress has the absolute and un­ By training, Mrs. Earl was well qualified ministration, Washington, D.C. revocable authority to prescribe or deter­ for the role she played in Las Vegas. She DEAR FRANK: I have been reminded that mine the time within which State legis­ had studied for three years at the Julliard you were appointed Director of the Veterans' latures may effectively ratify a proposed School of Music in New York City and also Administration Information Service on this was a graduate of the University of Utah. date twenty years ago. It gives me great constitutional amendment. She had a brief career as a teacher in Moapa pleasure to join the multitude of your We face a great moral dilemma if the Valley before her marriage in 1924. friends in congratulating you on this splen­ extension resolution is not acted upon The musical background of Mrs. Earl went did record of service. favorably. Thirty-five State legislatures, back even further. She was the granddaugh­ You have earned a high place of honor representing two-thirds of the population ter of Joseph Ridges, who designed and built within government and among members of of the United States have ratified the the famous organ in the Mormon Tabernacle the press with whom you deal. Acknowledg­ in Salt Lake City. A native of England, he ing your outstanding professional skills, they ERA. We, as elected representatives, had been apprenticed as an organ maker also know you as an individual of integrity would do a grave disservice, not only to in London before emigrating to Australia. and unquestioned honesty. Your performance ourselves, but to all the American people Converted to the Mormon faith in Australia, day by day constitutes an example that if we allow the equal rights amendment he boarded a sailing vessel in the early 1860s elevates all those who practice the profession to fail. to cross the Pacific Ocean to San Pedro. From of public relations. ' On behalf of all those thousands who there he joined a wagon train to travel from Apart from your professional talents, your came to Washington yesterday to show California to Salt Lake City via Las Vegas. steadfast dedication to America's veterans Ridges carried with him a portable organ and the agency that serves them is an in­ their support, I urge my colleagues, es­ which he had made while in Australia. As spiration to all of us concerned with veterans pecially those who serve on the Judiciary the wagon train stopped at the Big Springs affairs. No matter how intense the pressures, Committee, to vote in favor of the exten­ in Las Vegas to rest for a few days, he would _you have always been able to keep a level sion resolution for the ratification of the take the organ from the wagon and play head and your eye on the ball. equal rights amendment.• it beside the campfire a.t night. Pa.lute 19992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 Indians living here were o.ttracted to the By participating in celebrations, residents Statistics and rankings of the states were music and joined the circle of travelers to will help expand the spirited patriotism so found in reports published by the Bureau of listen to Ridges, whom they named the badly needed in our country. There's nothing the Census, the Labor Department, the FBI, "man with the wooden music box." In 1924, wrong with flag waving. the National Education Association, etc. when Mr. and Mrs. Earl met Helen J. Stewart, The Fourth of July offers Americans the · As expected, the study found Minnesota the pioneer rancher who had s0ld the land chance to reflect on where our nation has ranking very high on quality of life ques­ for the townsite of Las Vegas, she recalled been, where it is now and where it will be in tions. According to a 1976-77 compilation, that the Indians had told her the story of the the years ahead. It isn't just a day off from the state spent $1,564 per pupil on education, musicmaker after she came here in the 1880s, work or a break in routine. putting it $100 above the national average, although Ridges had been in the valley two It is an appropriate time to dedicate our­ and $200 above Florida, its nearest "competi­ decades earlier. selves to the principles of freedom and jus­ tor" in the study. Texas, spending $1,075 per When Ridges arrived in Salt Lake City, his tice and to renewed efforts to improve and pupil, ranked 46th among all states in spend­ special talent was recognized by the great support the government designed to ensure ing for education, and was at the bottom of church leader, Brigham Young, who asked such freedom and justice for all Americans. the seven-state list. him to design and build an organ worthy America is a country to be cherished, with Over a five-year period, according to 1970 of the Tabern1cle, then under construction. majestic forests, fertile plains, magnificent figures, Minnesota. spent $7.86 per capita on Ridges drew the design for the facade, coastlines and commanding mountains; she recreational development, ranking it eighth which st111 remains exactly as he planned is the most beautiful fortress of freedom. nationally in this category. In the "competi­ although in later years the hand bellows Celebrating the Fourth is a time to renew tion," Florida was next best, with $6.73, and were replaced and more pipes added. The faith in the doctrines of the Great Experi­ North Carolina. was at the bottom, with $1.37. music master searched the state of Utah ment begun by the founding fathers. Let's all On the rate for violent crimes per 100,000 and finally located the straight-grain, soft fly the flag, participate in the holiday with population, Minnesota, with 207 in 1976, white pine lumber suitable for use in mak­ neighbors and be proud of our liberty. ranked far better than any of the other six ing the pi~s. Cut in Pine Valley, Utah, the states. Second was Texas, with 390.6, and last logs were hauled to Salt Lake City, where was Florida, with 688.5. they were fashioned into the organ pipes. Minnesota also received "excellent" ratings When Ridges' daughter was born, she was in other quality of life categories-vocational named Claribel, for a soprano stop on the QUALITY OF LIFE IN MINNESOTA education spending per capita, number o! organ. She was the mother of Mrs. Earl and physicians per 100,000 persons, and number fulfilled her father's name for her by becom­ of hospital beds per 1,000 persons. ing a soprano soloist in the Tabernacle choir. HON. DONALD M. FRASER But the business climate comparisons­ In Mrs. Earl's life, history, music and OF MINNESOTA those a chief executive officer will look at to religion played important roles, and she determine their effect on his company's profit fostered all three interests, not only for her IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES statement-were another matter entirely. own enjoyment and satisfaction, but for the Monday, July 10, 1978 Labor costs are certain to be lower in the benefit of many others. Her contribution to sunbelt states. All six o! the Southern states Las Vegas cultural development wm remain • Mr. !<,RASER. Mr. Speaker, occasion­ considered in this study have right-to-work as a memorial to her always. ally I think a Member may be accorded laws, meaning unions are discouraged. Min­ a moment for expression of pride in his nesota is well organized by unions, and wage or her State. rates are considerably higher, as is the level For that reason, I would like to share of benefits for workers. with my colleagues a June 23 essay by Texas shines on corporate income tax A DAY TO LOVE AMERICA comparisons, because it levies none. Min­ Harold Chucker, associate editor of the nesota ranks sixth on the list, getting 9.7 Minneapolis Star. This article examines percent of its total tax collection-according HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI the process executives go through in con­ to 1976 figures-from corporate incomes. OF ILLINOIS templating a move from the snowbelt to Only Tennessee, which gets 11 percent, was lower. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the sunbelt. Economic factors are of course very important in this decision. Texas and Florida, which levy no personal Monday, July 10, 1978 But so are "quality of life" factors-some income tax. led the pack on lowest personal income tax payments as a percent o! personal e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, like of them economic and measureable, income. It's no surprise that Minnesota, with most Members, I was home in my district some of them intangible. 38 percent according to 1975 figures, ranked over the Fourth of Julv weekend and had For many years, Minnesota had the at the bottom o! that comparison. the privilege of participating in numer­ reputation of a cold, green-in-the­ Minnesota also ranked at the bottom in a ous Independence Day festivities. We, as summer, white-in-the-winter land of comparison o! per capita property taxes, with Americans, can be justifiably proud of farms, trees, lakes, and butter. Minne­ $231.18, according to 1974-75 statistics. This our country, and the Fourth of July holi­ sota has much more to offer, as illus­ was about $10 below the national average, trated in the following article: but considerably below the No. 1 state in the days give us an opportunity to reflect on comparison-Alabama., with $52.95 per ca.pita. the virt.ues of our land. MINNESOTA'S "COMPETITION" WITH SIX On per capita state taxes-all taxes levied As the Members return to Washington, SUNBELT STATES by the state-Minnesota, with $515, again I appropriately commend their attention (By Harold Chucker) scraped botton in a comparison of 1975 fig­ to a very eloquent and touching editorial When a business outgrows its plant or ures. The U.S. average was $377. Among the appearing in the June 28th Suburban corporate headquarters, the decision to move seven states looked at, Tennessee ranked first, Life Citizen, an outstanding local paper to another state or expand at home can be with a per capita collection o! $275. serving my district. The editorial fallows: made in two ways. The list goes on, but it's enough to say A study can be commissioned comparing that Minnesota. ranks at the bottom of the [From Suburban Life Citizen, June 28, 1978) Minnesota and other states, listing all the seven states in camparison o! these other A DAY To LOVE AMERICA plusses and minuses for staying or moving. business climate factors: state and local gov­ America begins to move into her third cen­ Or the chief executive officer can make a ernment payrolls per capita, spending per tury of history and farther away from the personal, "seat of the pants" decision: He capita on public assistance, local per capita grand scale observances that marked the bi­ elects to stay because he's a snowmobile ad­ taxes, unemployment compensation tax rates centennial year. dict, or he has a lakeshore home he doesn't and state and local debt per capita. Celebrations, although not as grand as two want to leave, or he likes the short commute If the sum of all these business climate years ago, are scheduled in some communities between home and office. Or maybe he de­ rankings ls figured, Minnesota. comes out at which offer residents the opportunity to re­ cides to move because he dislikes long win­ the bottom. Alabama is first and Texas call the history that shaped a great nation. ters and wants to play golf year-round. second. The Fourth of July should be a time for A large Minnesota corpora ti on was faced The study also considered "higher budget" remembering the Declaration of Independ­ with that expansion decision recently. It cost of living figures for a family o! four, ence, announcing the goals and beliefs of a went about its planning scientifically, paying comparing Minneapolis with nine other met­ nation conceived in liberty and equality. for a study to compare the business climate ropolitan areas in the states studied. It cost The people of this country need to rekindle and quality of life in Minnesota with those the Minneapolis family on that kind of the old fashioned patriotism that showed an in six sunbelt states-Texas, Alabama, Flor­ budget $26,118 last fall, the highest amount American's pride in the rights of man. ida, Georgia North Carolina and Tennessee. on the list. Dallas was the "cheapest," re­ Demonstrating a pride in the principles of Those six states were picked because the quiring a budget of $22,500 for presumably our nation is one reason behind all the company does considerable business in that the same needs. parades. picnics and fireworks of the holiday. region, as it does in the Upper Midwest. A A hard-nosed business executive, after tak­ It may not be a milestone Independence mo·;e to any of those states could make good ing a long look at those comparisons and Day, but that's no reason for celebrating with corporate sense. figuring what a move to one of the six sun­ less gusto. The study was not difficult to put together. belt states would do to his balance sheet, July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19993 could be expected to bark out this order: or casual; it requires the approval of three­ is prepared to join in this particular change "We go." fourths of the state legislatures, not merely in the nation's basic charter and that they But an even harder-nosed executive would of a majority. In 1917, in an effort to assure are entitled to rely on its judgment in form­ think a little longer and crank some other that a vote would take place in timely fash­ ing their own. But if Congress is going to factors into his decision-making apparatus. ion, Congress set a seven-year limit that has give more time for reconsideration by those He might ask himself these questions: What since become traditional. More time than states that have expressed themselves, in a will it cost to build a new corporate head­ that has never been necessary for ratifica­ sense, by not doing anything about the ERA, quarters in one of those states and move tion. it should, in fairness, offer an equal oppor­ there. and how long would it take to recover We would not tamper lightly with this tunity for reconsideration by those states those costs? What will it cost to move those tradition. Seven years offers a reasonable that have acted affirmatively. employees we would want to take with us? period. for discussion, and it is the period We think the Department of Justice is right And what would it cost in severance pay that E.R.A. originally was granted for its in arguing that it has power to extend the when we leave behind all the others? ratification test. The argument that the pro­ period in which states can ratify the ERA. At the same time, Minnesota's quality o! posed 27th Amendment is somehow too com­ But we would argue that Congress ought to li!e cannot be ignored as a factor in the de­ plex or divisive to be ratified by the states do so only if it is prepared to grant to those cision. Education, recreation, health care­ in seven years does not hold up. When E.R.A. states that have already ratified the amend­ all these are intangibles and do not carry was born in 1972, its proponents thought it ment the right to withdraw their assent. Only fixed dollar signs. But they are important, would be quickly ratified. Its complexity has in this way could a timely period o! national nonetheless. not multiplied; only the opposition to it has. consensus be preserved. This was not a fictional case history. The But that is not reason enough to change Even that, however, seems to us to be un­ Minnesota corporation was indeed pondering the deadline. wise. The proponents of the Equal Rights a move, and the outcome, for most concerned, There is another, practical argument Amendment have been quite properly out­ was a happy one. The chief executive, who against extension. Four of the 35 states that raged at some of the methods used to delay is hard-nosed and pragmatic, weighed all the have so far endorsed E.R.A. voted later to or defeat its ratification. For the Virginia !actors and concluded that building a new rescind that endorsement. In one state the House of Delegates to refuse even to consider corporate headquarters 1n this state would recision was vetoed by the acting governor the amendment, for example, or !or the Illi­ be more advantageous, in the long run, than in a move now under challenge in court. Al­ nois legislature to invoke a rule requiring moving south. though constitutional scholars dispute the more than a majority vote, mocks the spirit, validity of recisions, a case can be made if not the letter of the ratification process. that none o! them should be counted against By changing the rules in mid-game, as is now E.R.A. in the tally next March. However, if suggested on Capitol Hill, proponents o! the the ratification period is extended, the re­ amendment run the risk of being accused by ERA EXTENSION cisions could multiply, and the courts would the public of the same kind of rule-breaking surely find it difficult to extend until 1986 employed by their opponents. the right of states to switch their votes to We understand the motivation that lies HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI support the amendment while denying them behind the effort to extend the ERA's life. the right to switch against it. It has been a hard, and not very clean, fight. OF KENTUCKY Finally, there is a tactical reason to re­ But the battle is not over. There are 16 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ject the idea of extension. Too much energy months-and only three states-to go. We Monday, July 10, 1978 has gone into the fight for passage of the urge the amendment's friends to focus on amendment and not enough into battling for getting the job done within the existing time­ • Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, House other issues, particularly the right to abor­ table instead of trying to change the rules. Joint Resolution 638, extending the time tion, which may be more critical to women At the very worst, if that effort should fall period for ratification of the equal rights than E.R.A. Much of what the amendment short, there will still be nothing to prevent amendment the Washington Post, Nov. 16, 1977) Rights Amendment, is probably wrong when the following editorials from the New RATIFYING THE ERA she calls a proposal to stretch the time York Times-April 11, 1978, the Wash­ Time is running out on the Equal Rights limit for ratification "an unfair attempt to ington Post-November 16, 1977, and the Amendment, and a move is afoot in Congress tamper with the Constitution." Washington Star-May 21, 1978, which to give it a longer lease on life. A resolution Unfair it may be. As !or "tampering" with analyze the question of extending the now before the House Judiciary Committee the Constitution, however, Article V, the time period for ratification of ERA. would extend from March 22, 1979, until 1986 amending article, sets no limit to the time the deadline by which the amendment must states may dawdle over constitutional The editorials follow: be ratified or die. It is a resolution that has amendments. Congress has submitted some [From the New York Times, Apr. 11, 1978) much appeal: The ERA ought to be ratified proposed amendments with deadlines, some THE PERILS OF ERA by the states, and it has suffered mightily without. The matter is entirely at congres­ The Equal Rights Amendment is in trou­ !rom the barrage of misinformation fired by sional discretion. ble. After more than six years of battle to its opponents. But tinkering with the legisla­ Granted, Chief Justice Hughes did once win ratification, E.R.A. is still three states tion under which it was sent to the states interpret an earlier Supreme Court opinion short of the necessary 38. Fearing failure, five years ago does not seem to us to be the as taking the view "that nothing was found some proponents are pressing Congress to way to handle the problem. in Article V which suggested that an postpone the March 1979 deadline and give Amending the Constitution is serious busi­ amendment once proposed was to be open to them another seven-year try at ratification. ness, the most serious in which Congress and ratification for all time ... that there was They point out that the original deadline the states engage. And the placing of dead­ a strong suggestion to the contrary ... that was set by Congress, not by the Constitution, lines by which amendments must be ratified there is a fair implication that ratification and therefore can be reset by Congress. Al­ is an important part of that business. A must be sufficiently contemporaneous in the though the last seven constitutional amend­ Constitution and its amendments represent required number of states to refiect the will ments have all passed easily under a seven­ a prevailing national consensus. And the cre­ of the people in all sections at relatively the year deadline, some boosters contend that ation of a deadline defines the period in which same period of time." But the issue he ad­ E.R.A. is too complex and controversial to Congress believes that consensus can reason­ dressed (in Coleman v. Miller, 1939) was not be decided upon in a mere seven years. ably be expected to crystalize. This is a prac­ the one now before a Judiciary subcommit­ tice Congress came upon a half-century ago tee of the Senate. In the judgment of most We have long warmly supported the Equal scholars aware that the Court has tended to Rights Amendment. A statement that sex after noting that five amendments it had pro­ posed, two of them in the 18th century, were treat amendment controversies as "political may no longer be a barrier to equality be­ questions," the will of Congress is likely to longs in the Constitution of a nation that still pending before the states. Changing promises equal rights to all but does not deadlines, once created to define such time prevail. grant them to women. Such an amendment periods, is not just changing technical rules But that isn't to say that Congress is would reduce the costly, time-consuming, but fundamentally altering .the process by free to cavalirely revoke a legislated under­ case-by-case battles necessary now to win which the nation expresses itself on constitu­ standing with which the ERA ratification an end to discrimination based on sex. De­ tional issues. fight began six years ago. There may not be spite our deep commitment to E.R.A., how­ There is another troubling aspect to this a constitutional issue. There is, however, an ever, we cannot accept the idea of extending question o! the timeliness o! national con­ issue of consistency and fair play-of legis­ the deadline for ratification. census. That is the rule that denies to a state lative morality, if you will. There is in fact little guidance from the the power to withdraw its ratification once By next March, every state will have had authors of the Constitution on the process of it has acted affirmatively. By ratifying an seven years in which to weigh and act on amendment, except that it is not to be easy amendment, a state tells the others that it the amendment. The deadline was known to 19994 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 19 7 8 all from the outset. To extend the deadline GOVERNMENT SALARIES positions of workers in different sectors to now, merely because it has become incon­ evaluate equity from the worker's perspec­ venient, would set a frivolous precedent. tive and cost from the employer's perspective Homely analogies offend those who view HON. JAMES M. COLLINS should consider all forms of compensation ERA as a crusade and are to be avoided here. OF TEXAS nnd not wages alone. But, just as the pay But if Congress extends the ERA ratification processes in government largely ignore dif­ l of their study." miral Jim Holloway. He has given us a choice. And, Mr. Coleman observes that In general, he said, integration has been clear course to steer by and the confident a large number of minority students most successful in well-disciplined schools conviction that our course has been right. already attend inner-city parochial headed by strong principals. And during his tenure we have made great schools. A tax-credit will serve to en­ Coleman stressed that the main finding of strides toward halting the trend of de­ hance this educational opportunity. clining naval strength. Furthermore, today his 1966 report, issued by the U.S. Office of our fleets are manned by thousands upon Mr. Coleman's perspective is encour­ Education, was that black students had thousands of irr_pressive men and women­ aging for all of us who support school higher achievement in mostly white schools young and old-sailors and marines. desegregation as well as tuition tax- not because of the skin color of their class- July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20003 mates but because of the middle-class back­ the policy had b·een set in concrete was when a resolution by the New York State Leg­ ground and "educational resources" that the the wrath of the White House descended on islature honoring Arthur and Bette white children brought from home. him. The official view as it had been given "Increasingly, class is less correlated with to him, he said, was that the matter of troop Becker who will be celebrating their 50th race than it was 10 years ago," Coleman said. withdrawal was still an open question. He wedding anniversary on August 10 of Widespread desegregation, he said, has noted that this point was especially stressed this year. This event is not only a mile­ been "enormously beneficial" to the South by to the South Koreans, who were told there stone in their own lives, but is an inspira­ aiding its transformation from a backward would be ''honest to goo:iness" consultations tion to all who value enduring affections region to a thriving "Sun Belt." with them before a policy was arrived at. and fidelity to commitment. As the spon­ But he repeated his view, which has at­ In other words, one policy for the South sor of legislation to establish a White tracted controversy for the past three years, Koreans, another for the inner circle at the House Conference on the Family, I have that desegregation programs requiring "in­ White House-arfexercise that was torpedoed been keenly aware of the need for guid­ stant racial balance" through compul&ory by Singlaub's comments. The backlash busing have caused "very serious harm" by against him, Singlaub asserted, made it plain ance for those individuals who enter speeding the exodus of whites from big that "we were not being completely honest marriage. Psychologists, sociologists, and cities.e with the South Koreans." Nor, apparently, clergy can help to provide this guidance. with the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Singlaub Arthur and Bette Becker have already said the chiefs "were given three unsatisfac­ provided the model. GENERAL SINGLAUB BLASTS tory withdrawal plans and told to choose The resolution follows: CARTER ON MUZZLING among them." There was no authentic mili­ tary input concerning the decision to with­ RESOLUTION draw as such. Assembly Resolution congratulating and HON. LARRY McDONALD As for the withdrawal itself, Singlaub is honoring Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Becker of Long still against it. The North Koreans, he ob­ Beach, New York on the occasion of their OF GEORGIA served, have military forces stronger than Fiftieth Wedding Anniversary to be cele­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES t1.1e South Korean and United Nations (U.S.) brated August tenth, nineteen hunt.ired sev­ Monday, July 10, 1978 forces put together-a fact presumably un­ enty-eight. known to candidate Carter when he brought Whereas, Arthur and Bette Becker will e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, it has up the subject in 1976, but readily a<:cessible celebrate the Fiftieth Anniversary of their become increasingly clear in the ruckus to President Carter in 1978. (It's estimated marriage on the tenth day of August, nine­ over General Singlaub that President North Korea has roughly a 2-to-1 advantage teen hundred seventy-eight in the company Carter and his civilian advisers are by­ over South Korea in artillery. arm~r. combat of family and friends; and aircraft and other indices of firepower.) Whereas, This devoted husband and wife passing military advice. As General Sing­ Equally important, Singlaub said, is the are the proud parents of a daughter, Rhoda laub has revealed, in the case of Korea, agqressive deployment of North Korean who is the wife of Julius Golden and the the military were given the choice of forces: "I refer specifically to their continued joyous grandparents of two delightful grand­ three different withdrawal plans. They infiltration of agents through the demm-· sons, Spencer Golden and Todd Golden; and were not given the option of staying in tarized zone c::.nd bv the sea into the islands Whereas, These Golden Jubilarians are South Korea. The same was true in the on the coast of South Korea. They have con­ longtime residents of Long Beach, New York case of the Panama Canal treaties and ducted tunneling operations which are ob­ and are active in the affairs cf their com­ viously only for offe.'!lsive activity. The North munity and their concern for local issues is the decision on the neutron bomb. This Koreans have moved their artillery forward a natural extension of the prior service of trend is increasing dangerous as it will so that they are now just north of th.e Mr. Becker who served with distinction on tend to float "yes" men to the top of the demilitarized zone. They have moved their the Long Beach City Council; and military, who will be excellent bureau­ airfields forward to extend the range of Whereas, Presently Arthur Becker is the crats, but, who will be poor combat lead­ their aircraft into South Korea." Administrative Director of the New York ers. Can we afford this as a nation? I Singlaub also accused the Carter regime State Assembly Committee on Ways and think not, I, therefore, commend the of ignoring military opinion on the neutron Means to which prestigious post he has recent article on this matter by M. Stan­ bomb. Once more, he charged, the Joint brought his considerable knowledges, skills Chiefs were denied a realistic input--this and abilities which have been well-developed ton Evans in Human Events of June 24, time o'!l a weapon which could counter the and tested in his prior service as Councilman 1978 to the attention of my colleagues. Communist advantage in Europe in tanks and in his former legislative position as The article follows: and other mechanized military forces. "The Clerk to the New York State Assembly's GENERAL SINGLAUB BLASTS CARTER ON cancellation of that great hope of NATO," Committee on Corporations, Authorities and MUZZLING he said, "appeared to me to be unsound on Commissions; and (By M. Stanton Evans) the basis of military considerations. I con­ Whereas, It is the sense of this Legisla­ sider, and have expressed the view, that to tive Body that when a celebration of such The Carter Administration is making major cancel it without receiving any compensat­ strategy decisions in the Cold War without an enduring and blessed marriage is brought i.".lg concession from the Soviets is throwing input from military leaders, then cracking to our attention, that the sallle should be away a trump card. I have expressed the memorialized by this Body for the emulation down on those who dare to voice their dis­ view, and feel rather strongly, that the agreement with its policies. and edification of others; now, therefore, cancellation of the B-1 bomber is in some­ be it This is the somber message conveyed to what the same category." the American public in recent days by Maj. Resolved, That this Legislative Body Gen. John K. Singlaub (U.S.A., Ret.), former Making matters worse, Singlaub con­ pauses in its deliberations and jubilantly chief negotiator with the North Koreans. cluded, is the Administration's unwilling­ congratulates Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Becker Singlaub in the past 12 months has twice ness to hear dissent once such decisions on this auspicious occasion of their Golden been subjected to official reprisals for exces­ have been made. His own experience is the Wedding Anniversary and wishes this de­ sive cando: last year when he dissented from most vivid example, but not the only one. voted couple continued marital bliss and the projected withdrawal of U.S. forces in In the case of the Panama Canal treaties, well-being: and be it further Korea, this year when he said the neutron he noted, it was made clear to the Joint Resolved, That a copy of this resolution, bomb should not be canceled without some Chiefs of Staff that "they could feel free to suitably engrossed, be transmitted to Mr. concessions from the Soviets. The latter epi­ disagree with these treaties-and to resign and Mrs. Arthur Becker. sode brought about his early forced retire­ if they do." ment from the service. Asked if this weren't a policy of "sys­ In heavily attended meetings in the Na­ tematic muzzling" of the military, Singlaub tion's Capital, sponsored by the American responded: "Let's just say that speaking RETIRED ADMIRAL POINTS TO Security Council and the American Conserv­ out has not been particularly popular." ARMS DANGERS ative Union, Singlaub accused the Carter ...... regime of deceiving both the South Koreans and the American people concerning troop HON. PAUL SIMON withdrawals from Korea. He was cashiered NEW YORK RESOLUTION HONOR­ OF ILLINOIS from his Korean command for allegedly dis­ ING ARTHUR AND BETTE BECKER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agreeing with an "announced position" of the U.S. government when he told an inter­ Mor,,day, July 10, 1978 viewer, "if we withdraw our ground forces on HON. LESTER L. WOLFF the schedule suggested it would lead to war." • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, there were The impression was conveyed that Singlaub OF NEW YORK a number of statements made at the U.N. had committed an act of blatant insub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Disarmament Session which were of ordination. significance. Monday, July 10, 1978 In fact, the general said, there was no Certainly one of the finest was that by official "announced position" when he made • Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I rise today a retired former rear admiral of the U.S. his statement, and the first time he was told to bring to the attention of this House Navy, Gene R. LaRocque. 20004 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 He is now associated with the Center quarters of the economy of each country clear weapons throughout the period 1970 for Defense Information. would be destroyed. In such a confilct, the to 1978. I am inserting his statement in the ana1ysls concluded, "neither side could con­ This discrepancy in numbers, however, ceivably be described as a winner". makes no sense and no difference, as each RECORD in the belief that he brings a Nor would the rest of the world be safe. country can obliterate the entire urban and perspective that we all should pay some Radiation would poison vast stretches of the industrial complex of the other regardless of attention to. planet not directly involved in the war. And who strikes first. The United States has 35 One sen~ence struck me particularly as the threat of ozone damage and ecological strategic nuclear weapons for every Soviet he made his presentation, "I have often disruption leaves us no assurance that the city of over 100,000 inhabitants. The Soviet been struck by the lack of awareness earth would remain habitable for life as we Union has 28 strategic nuclear weapons for even on the part of military officers of know it. every United States city of over 100,000 the enormous size of nuclear arsenals." Despite this, the United States and the inhabitants. Soviet Union ccntinue to approach the ac­ The United States Secretary of Defense I am sure there are those in the mili­ cumulation of military power in the nuclear Harold Brown asserted in his annual report tary who will find points to disagree with, age very much as they have in the past. Both on the fiscal 1979 military budget that United but I am also sure that his statement is countries constantly seek to improve their States nuclear war plans include "destruc­ one that we should weigh carefully. nuclear and conventional forces. tion of a minimum of 200 major Soviet The statements follow: Many of us are shocked and sobered by the cities". STATEMENTS BY RETIRED REAR ADM. mad nuclear scramble of the super-Powers. The greater danger is that both countries GENE R. LARocQUE It seems so obvious that they have dimin­ are moving towards a first strike. Improve­ ments in the accuracy of missiles, particu­ It ts an honour tor me to address this un­ ished their own security in the nuclear com­ petition. we all know that a balance of ter­ larly land-based missiles, stimulate !ea.rs precedented gathering of the world commu­ about the adequacy of existing nuclear forces nity on the most important issue of our ror provides a precarious peace. The Soviet Union and the United States in the Soviet Union and the United States. time-survival. The United Nations special If everyone, including military officials, session on disarmament is taken seriously by are, in part, victims of modern military tech­ nology. Advances in weaponry, particularly were more conscious of the tremendous de­ all those who are aware of the menacing turn structive potential of nuclear weapons we the arms race is taking. I congratulate those better delivery systems, have dramatically compressed time and space. Thus, mmtary might stop worrying about questions of nations and individuals that persevered in "advantage" in the nuclear-arms race. For bringing this session abo11t. leaders believe they must maintain large forces on a close-to-war status. In a nuclear example, just two United States Poseidon Nuclear war is an unrelenting and growing submarines which carry 320 nuclear weapons threat to hundreds of mllllons of people. A war, each nation could destroy the other in 30 minutes. Nuclear missiles launched from can destroy all the major Soviet cities, with third world war, with nuclear weapons, can the destructive potential of 1,000 Hiroshima.­ happen and almost certainly will happen un­ submarines could land within 15 minutes. There ls no defense, regardless of wl;lo strikes size weapons. less all Governments confront this most un­ first. Today the United States, with 41 strategic comfortable reality. submarines, has more than 21 such sub­ I am a citizen of the United States and a The prospect of immediate mass destruc­ tion seems to compel high states of mllltary marines at sea constantly. The United States career mllltary otncer. I served in the Navy now maintains round-the-clock some 3,000 of my country for 31 years. I have fought readiness, and this situation inspires mutual strategic nuclear weapons at sea in subma­ in combat and held command posts at sea suspicion and rhetorical harshness. rines off the coast of the Soviet Union. The and on land and participated in strategic and The continuation of the nuclear-arms race Soviet Union, normally deploying far fewer nuclear planning. I have experienced at first ls also made possible by widespread apathy strategic submarines at sea, keeps a for­ hand the impact that nuclear weapons have about the danger of nuclear war. Many peo­ midable force of approximately 200 sea-based had on military affairs. ple believe nuclear weapons wlll never be nuclear weapons constantly targeted on the Since retiring from active duty, I have been used. But as someone who has been directly United States. the director of a non-governmental research involved in United States nuclear planning, The United States ls now deploying a more organization, the Center for Defense Infor­ I can tell representatives that my country powerful warhead, the Mark 12A, on its mation, a project of the Fund for Peace. We has plans and forces for actually fighting Minuteman III land-based missiles. Just one •ue a source of independent, objective analy­ nuclear war . of these missiles will contain the destructive sis of military developments. Our Center ts Our military field manuals detail the use power of 80 Hiroshima-size weapons. Indi­ particularly active in providing factual in­ of nuclear weapons. Our troops, airmen, and vidual Soviet missiles contain an even larger formation about the nuclear arms race and navy men train and practice for nuclear war. destructive potential. the consequences of nuclear war. Nuclear war is an integral part of American Both the United States and the Soviet The traditional role of all mmtary in all military planning and the United States is Union are now stepping up their nuclear countries, in case of war, is to win. The mm­ prepared to use nuclear weapons anywhere weapons developments. The Soviet Union, tary profe~lon, to be blunt, has always in the world. I believe Soviet Union is as following the path of the United States, is sought superiority. Milltary men tend to be nuclear-oriented in its mmtary preparations subi::tantially increasing its intercontinental uncomfortable with notions of mmtary bal­ as in the United States. The mmtary in both nuclear weapons by putting more than one ance or equilibrium. We mUitary men con­ countries see nuclear weapons o.s a central nuclear weapon on its strategic missiles. stantly seek !o strengthen the defense of our instrument of military power. They are pre­ Under the present United States Adminis­ countries and maintain our advantages. I pared to use them right now in many con­ tration, funding for the production of new believe that the military in all countries tingencies. nuclear warheads has risen 70 per cent to share this impulse. We are not diplomats; As a citizen of the United States, I do not produce warheads for Trident missiles. Min­ we are soldiers, sailors and airmen. We feel hesitate to point out that my country has uteman TTI misc:Ues, air-launched cruise mis­ reassured by big military esta.blishments; we generally taken the lead in the nuclear-arms siles, artillery shells and other nuclear weap­ believe that the security of our people is en­ race. The United States ls a rich country ons. Military secrecy in the Soviet Union hanced by spending for additional war-fight­ with vast technological resources. We have prevents us from knowing the new weapons ing and war-winning capabilltles. been, on the average, five years ahead of the that may be planned in that country. There may be places in the world where Soviet Union in introducing new nuclear The recital of the details of the nuclear warfare can occur on a limited scale without weaporu;. We were first to develop the atomic competition could go on endlessly. It can threatening wider destruction. But those bomb. the hydrogen bomb, the intercontin­ be numbing. It is certainly depressing. How­ a.reas are few and shrinking. My experience ental bomber, effective intercontinental bal­ ever, no serious disarmament measures can in the United States military has convinced listic misslles, modern nuclear-uowered take place in the absence of full information me that nuclear weapons have changed the strategic submarines, and multipie war­ about military forces. There ts widespread traditional rules of warfare. To use an heads (MIRVs) for our mlsslles. ignorance on the part both of citizens and American phrase, "It's a whole new ball The United States continues to maintain, of Government officials about world mllitary game". as President Carter recently asserted, a sig­ activity. I have often been struck by the I am, of course, speaking primarlly of the nificant edge over the Soviet Union in the lack of awareness even on the part of mm­ relationship between the United States and effectiveness of our strategic weapons as tary officers of the enormous size of nuclear the Soviet Union and their respective mm­ measured by such factors as missile accuracy arsenals. tary alllances. Despite the constant friction and numbers of nuclear weapons. This matter of information brings me to and conflicts that have occurred over many In recent years, the United States has not the suggestions which I would offer for con­ decac;les, there has never been a war between been sitting on its hands in the nuclear sideration at this special session. What should be done? our two countries. But today, as irration·al competition. ~he United States has added as it may seem, Soviet and American leaders more nuclear weapons to its arsenal than has I cannot offer a broad-scale programme of are planning and arming for nuclear war. the Soviet Union, goin~ from 4.000 strategic action or a magic key to the nuclear maze, A recent top-level United States Govern­ nuclear weapons in 1970 to 9.000 in 1978. Dur­ but I do have a few thoughts about practical ment study concluded that, at a minimum, ln~ this same period, the Soviet Union in­ steps that can be taken. 140 mllllon people in the United States, and creased its strategic nuclear weapons from First, the role of the United Nations as a 113 million people in the Soviet Union would 1.800 to 4.nOO . The United States has main­ repository of information on world m111 tary be kWed in a major nuclear war. Almost three tained a two-to-one edge in deliverable nu- activity should be strengthened. All Govern- July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20005 ments should submit a report each year on to be unlikely in the extreme, but giving up ogy and the Senate Committee on Energy their mil1tary spending and force levels and the traditional attachment to ICBMs would the United Nations should publish that in­ and Natural Resources progress reports on make both countries feel safer. the study described in paragraph (2) com­ formation in an annual military yearbook. The elimination of ICBMs would be easier The United Nations Centre for Disarmament mencing one year after the date of enact­ for the United States than for the Soviet ment of this section and each succeeding six Studies could be an appropriate agency to Union, since the Soviet Union today has a collect and publish that material. much smaller· proportion of its strategic months thereafter. The final report by the Article 47 of the United Nations Charter weapons on bombers and on submarines. Secretary on the study shall be transmitted charges the United Nations Military Staff However, it is expected that the Soviet Union to the said committees no later than March Committee to: will shortly begin to put multiple warheads 31, 1981. Such final report shall include rec­ " .. . advise and assist the Security Coun­ on its many sea-based missiles and become ommendations with regard to conceptual cil on all questions relating to . . . the much less reliant on ICBMs. Nuclear deter­ plant design, and timing for such a facillty regulation of armaments, and possible dis­ rence can be accomolished without ICBMs. (including estimates of time necessary to armament." In conclusion, this special session devoted definitlze design, license, construct and place The Military Staff Committee, with a more to disarmament, with 149 countries present, such a fac111ty in operation), and estimates representative membership, could serve as a demonstrates the realization on the part of of plant costs. The report shall also include source of information and analysis of dis­ all countries that their territory could pro­ a discussion of possible alternatives for in­ armament efforts. As a beginning, that vide the spark that could ignite nuclear war. dustry and utillties involvement in definitive Committee should report to this year's ses­ Knowledgeable military men are aware that design, construction and operation of a large sion oif the General Assembly on its perform­ there would be world-wide consequences plant. ance to date in fulfilling the Charter's from a nuclear war. There is no defence, no­ ( 4) The Secretary shall also prepare a de­ charge. where to hide. tailed program plan for the Liquid Metal secondly, both the United States and the The Oovernments of the United States and Fast Breeder Reactor Base Technology Pro­ Soviet Union should adopt measures crucial the Soviet Union have carelessly let their gram with particular emphasis on the sodium to the control of the proliferation of nuclear relations deteriorate to an alarming extent. components development and test program, weapons. Preventing the spread of nuclear Political leaders must take control of events which integrated program plan shall be weapons is essential for the survival of the and not permit the military, or technology, transmitted to the Congress contempora­ United States and the Soviet Union. It has to control them. The non-nuclear countries neously with the final report required under been estimated that in 20 years a hundred can act as the burr under the saddle to push paragraph (3) ." countries will possess the materials and the the nuclear Powers in the direction of reason. knowledge necessary to produce nuclear If we are to survive on this planet, the arms (b) The Secretary of Energy is hereby weapons. By the year 2000, the total amount race must be slowed, stopped and reversed, directed to take such action with respect to of plutonium produced as a by-product of and the time to start is now.e contractual instruments entered into in con­ global nuclear power will be the equivalent nection with the Clinch River Breeder Reac­ of a million nuclear bombs. tor Project as in his judement are necessary Both countries should pledge themselves or appropriate to carry out section 106 of never to use nuclear weapons against non­ Public Law 91-273, as amended by subsec­ FLOWERS AMENDMENT TO THE tion (a) of this section. nuclear States-I really wish they would DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AU­ pledge themselves never to use nuclear (c) There ls authorized to be appropriated weapons at all. I can think of no military THORIZATION BILL, H.R. 12163 for Fiscal Year 1979 the sum o! $55,000,000 utility, though, in the use of nuclear weap­ to carry out this section and in addition the ons by the Super-Powers against non-nu­ unexpended portion of any appropriations clear countries. HON. WALTER FLOWERS heretofore made for the Clinch E.iver Breeder Stopping production of fissionable mate­ OF ALABAMA Reactor Project is authorized to be available rials for weapons has been proposed by pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES instead to carry out the purposef of this vious United States administrations and is Monday, July 10, 1978 section, as provided for in appropriation more feasible today than ever before. The a.cts.".e United States and the Soviet Union have e Mr. FLOWERS. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ enormous stocks of nuclear weapons and cluding in the RECORD today the text of weapons material and have no military need my compromise amendment to the De­ IMPACT AID to continue the production of fissionable ma­ partment of Energy authorization bill. I terial. They now have more than they will ever need. The halting of production could be plan to offer this amendment when the followed by a complete moratorium on all bill is considered on the floor so that the HON. NORMAN E. D'AMOURS manufacture of nuclear weapons, since both U.S. breeder option is preserved by un­ OF NEW HAMPSHIRE the United States and the Soviet Union now dertaking an accelerated design effort for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have more weapons than they will ever need. a larger plant which will build on what The ending of all nuclear-weapons testing has been learned in the Clinch River Monday, July 10, 1978 also is feasible right now. The United States project. • Mr. D'AMOURS. Mr. Speaker, an has tested more than 600 nuclear weapons; The amendment follows: amendment will be offered to the Impact the Soviet Union has tested more than 350. Both should now have learnt all that is nec­ AMENDMENTS TO TEAGUE AMENDMENTS Aid title of H.R. 15 which would phase essary. This special session should urge all On page 10, lines 16 and 17, strike the out coverage of nonmilitary "B" chil­ nations to stop producing fissionable mate­ amount "$465,301,000" and substitute in lieu dren whose parents live or work on tax rial, stop making nuclear weapons and stop thereof "$306,401,000." exempt Federal property. testing nuclear weapons. On page 14, line 17, strike the words be­ This amendment would have a dev­ Thirdly, without significantly reducing ginning on line 17 through page 15, line 16, astating effect on over 4,300 school dis­ their military capabilities the United States and insert in lieu thereof the following: tricts across the Nation. It would place and the Soviet Union could eliminate most, "Sec. 204. (a) Section 106 of Public Law 91-273, as amended, is further amended by an increased burden on local property if not all, nuclear weapons from their naval taxes. It would withdraw benefits from surface ships. With the ships of both navies adding at the end thereof the following new roaming the far reaches of the world's oceans, subsection: over 1 % million pupils. the potential for nuclear war arising out of "(d) (1) With respect to the Clinch River The fallowing chart lists the amount naval incidents increases. Both navies are Breeder Reactor Project, the Secretary of of money each State will lose if this extensively nuclearized, with several thou­ Energy is authorized and directed only to amendment is adopted, and the propor­ SJ.nd nuclear weapons aboard surface ships complete systems design and to complete tion of each State's impact aid students of the United States Navy. and test such selected components as are necessary and appropriate for the purposes who will no longer be eligible for bene­ Fourthly, a start should be made on the fits: reduction of the huge nuclear arsenals of of paragraphs (2) and (4) of this section. the United States and the Soviet Union by (2) The Secretary shall conduct a con­ State: (1) (2) the dismantling, over a five-year period, of ceptual design study on an advanced breeder Alabama $10,903,497.69 82.50 all land-based Intercontinental Ballistic Mis­ reactor facility utilizing the uranium/plu­ Alaska ------4, 170,634.48 34.96 siles (ICBMs). The United States has about tonium and uranium/thorium fuel cycles. Arizona ______3,709,998. 95 35.05 1,000 ICBMs and the Soviet Union about Such study shall use conceptual planning Arkansas ------2, 580,327.37 71. 21 1,400. The scrapping of ICBSs would solve and systems design studies to serve as the California. ____ _ 40,834, 108.94 60.85 many of the problems that at present pre­ design basis for a large demonstration facil­ Colorado ------8,033, 156.26 64.08 o::cupy the military and the press. particu­ ity, and shall address such factors as size Connecticut __ _ 3,871,052.93 69.63 larly in the United States. Both the United and cost of such a facility, as well as generic Delaware ----­ 697,445. 12 73.37 States and the Soviet Union are becoming in­ environmental, technical, and safety issues. District of Co- creasingly worried about the vulnerability of (3) The Secretary shall furnish to the lumbia. - - --­ 5,958,759.28 92.35 their ICBMs. I consider the attacks they fear House Committee on Science and Technol- Florida ------10,761,840.09 57.33 20006 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 State: (1) (2) Despite the development of this move ternational Organization of Journalists, Georgia ------­ 12,474,317.77 78.34 to close Africa and other areas of the like the World Peace council and other Hawaii ------­ 3,885,387.22 48.86 Third World to Western journalists, lit­ Soviet-dominated international fronts, Idaho ------­ 2,427,454.42 72.48 tle concern has been expressed by the operates under the direction of the In­ Illinois ------15,583,304.33 85.55 Indiana ______2,970,743.56 84.25 U.S. media either in articles and edi­ ternational Department of the Commu­ Iowa ------1,074,936.62 87.93 torials or in the journalism reviews. nist Party of the Soviet Union Kansas ------­ 2,945,730.37 59.63 For the past 3 years, the Soviet bloc and of the KGB. At least one-half of the Kentucky ----­ 4, 131,378.57 85.70 and its Third World allies have spear­ IOJ budget is reportedly covertly sup­ Louisiana ----­ 5,202,347.12 75. 00 headed, through their ·control of UNES plied by the Soviet Union. Maine ------­ 1,271,442.48 58.91 CO, a campaign for a "new international A number of promoters of the "new Maryland ----­ 27,810,458.85 81. 84 information order." Objecting to the re­ international information order" have Massachusetts _ 6,442,772.63 81. 36 porting in the foreign free press of established a base in Western countries. Michigan ____ _ 4, 138, 481. 17 70. 12 Minnesota ___ _ "derogatory" information on these gov­ For example, the former socialist govern­ 2,595,684.51 75.83 ernments particularly in the areas of ment in the Netherlands gave support Mississippi ---­ 2,761, 192.77 65.54 corruption, mismanagement, and human Missouri -----­ 5,785,912.72 75.13 and funding to a number of dubious or­ Montana -----­ 1,347,036.30 39.48 rights abuses, the plan calls for the set­ ganizations and conferences involved Nebraska -----­ 979, 731. 06 29.05 ting up of regional "news" pools provided with the campaign against the Western Nevada ------­ 2,!;09, 170.03 64.04 with "positive" material from the infor­ news media; but, although the govern­ New Hampshire_ 1,798,505.92 73.83 mation departments of member govern­ ment has changed, these groups have New Jersey ---- 13,753, 169. 10 83.50 ments. been able to use their contacts with bu­ New Mexico __ _ 5,939,250.22 53.49 Under the banner of "decolonization reaucrats to continue to draw their gov­ New York ----­ 58,327,928.29 90. 10 of information," Western news agencies ernment subsidies. One of these proj­ North Carolina_ 8,441,355.19 64.29 such as AFP, EFE, UPI. and Reuters and ects, Fugitive Films, is making a move North Dakota _ 1, 111, 253. 73 41. 43 Western newspapers with their own for­ Ohio ------12,960,367.33 85.54 about Cuban "trade union cooperatives" Oklahoma ___ _ 6,179,664.99 54.92 eign correspondents would be required, with the assistance of the Cuban film Oregon ------­ 2,645,377.54 78.49 as outlined in a proposal drafted in agency. There is little doubt that the Pennsylvania __ 16,678,593.68 93.51 Kampala last November which is to be product of that collaboration will not be Puerto Rico, V.I. 14,788,010.61 95.95 submitted to the upcoming meeting of an expose of the slave labor conditions of Rhode Island __ _ 1,370,527.05 72 . 03 the Organization of African Unit , Cuban working men and women or of the South Carolina_ 4,525,494.62 55.94 "to subscribe only to PANA for African fake trade unions run by the Cuban South Dakota __ 1,049,763.35 35.39 news." Communist dictatorship. Tennessee ---­ 10,217,238.59 86.71 The rationale for the "new interna­ 21,033,940.71 64.01 Another interesting operation is the Texas ------­ tional information order" was recently Interpress news agency originally estab­ Utah ------­ 7,323,268.79 86.07 spelled out in the misnamed IOJ journal, Vermont -----­ 256,791.94 92.15 lished in Rome, Italy, with financial sup­ Virginia ------­ 27,763,023.61 58.78 Democratic Journalist, by Ernesto Vera, port from the Christian Democratic Washington --­ 9,287,462.47 62.84 an IOJ vice-president who is also general Party. In recent years, Interpress has West Virginia _ 785,666.46 87.42 secretary of the Cuban Union of Jour­ veered sharply to the left of the Christian Wisconsin ----­ 1,730,342.36 74.94 nalists. According to this Cuban Com­ Democrats and now is cooperating with Wyoming ----- 1,988,302.46 70. 15 munist, the Western "imperialist mass the so-cailed nonaligned news pool 1 Estimated ft.seal year 1979 payment for media" reports on disasters, famines, operated by Prensa Latina and Tanjug. non-mllitary B students. corruption, inadequacies, human rights, The boss of the Interpress office in Rome and political affairs and protests. The 2 Non-mmtary B students as a percent of is Roberto Savio, a leader and activist in total Impact Aid students. result of such reporting, asserted Vera, the IOJ, who is currently organizing a is to perpetuate the differences between This data was prepared by the Con­ rich and poor countries. new training center for Third World gressional Research Service of the journalists in Sofia, Bulga.ria. At an IOJ The Soviet Unions' efforts to impose a meeting in Budapest in 1968, when mem­ Library of Congress and shows the esti­ worldwide control on the press via a mated fiscal year 1979 payment through UNESCO declaration of guidelines on bers of a number of Communist parties tier II under the provisions of H.R. 15 the world press appear to be near their criticized the Soviet Union's blatant re­ as reported from the House .Education goal. The Soviet bloc and Third World sort to military invasion against the and Labor Committee.• demand for government-controlled "de­ Communist government of Czechoslo­ velopmental journalism," as they term vakia, Savio's criticism was of Western it, was a topic at a UNESCO meeting in press coverage of the Soviet invasion. The head of the Interpress operation SOVIET AND THIRD WORLD MOVE Stockholm last April which was chaired in England is Philip Kelly, a close collab­ AGAINST THE FREE PRESS by Sean MacBride, formerly chief of staff of the terrorist Irish Republican Army orator with CIA defector and admitted . "revolutionary socialist" Philip Agee. HON. LARRY McDONALD UNESCO's secretary-general selected Kelly and another member of the Agee apparat in Britain, U.S ~ citizen Mark OF GEORGIA Kaarle Nordenstreng, head of the Fin­ Hosenball who was deported, as was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nish IOJ section and an open admirer of the Soviet Union in a country whose gen­ Agee, from England in May 1977, were Monday, July 10, 1978 eral public despises the U.S.S.R. for its the coauthors of an article in the first • Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the heavy-handed domination ot Finnish edition of a radical magazine called the International Organization of Journal­ affairs since the Red Armv stole Finnish Leveller which identified alleged British ists , a front controlled by the So­ land for Stalin in the 1939 war, as one intelligence agents. The Leveller was de­ viet Union with headquarters in Prague, of the two people to produce a new draft signed to follow the path of Counter-spy has joined with the government-control­ declaration proclaiming the so-called magazine in this country with which led news agencies of Cuba-Prensa "right" of governments to control the Agee and other revolutionaries worked. Latina-and Yugoslavia-Tanjug-the press and the activities of news reporters Philip Kelly's bias in favor of the So­ two mainstays of the so-called "non­ in the name of "decolonization of infor­ viet Communists was revealed in an in­ alined" news pool organized in 1975, in mation." The IOJ operates several train­ terview in which he was asked whether supporting formation of a government­ ing centers for Third World journalists or not he would expose KGB operations controlled news and information cartel in Czechoslovakia and other Eastern Eu­ in Britain. Kelly replied that he was not for Africa, tentatively called the Pan Af­ ropean countries at which indoctrination interested in exposing KGB operations rican News Agency , which is in­ and intelligence recruitment functions because "there is nothing wrong with tended to end the activities of news are also carried out. It is well known Russian foreign policy. And anyway, the rePorters and journalists from the free from the reports of former Soviet and KGB only operates internally to repress world press in that region. Eastern European omcials that the In- subversive elements." July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20007 Events related to the Agee apparat in of IPS/TNI with Soviet-sponsored inter­ ma tion mills directed from Moscow, Ha­ Britain have resulted in the prosecution national projects demonstrates the vana, and Prague show no indication of of the Leveller, another radical maga­ fact that the subversive network directed lessening the attack on the free press zine, Peace News, and the publication of by Letelier continues under new and its foreign correspondents even as the National Union of Journalists for vi­ management. they attempt to slander and undermine olation of Britain's Official Secrets Act !LET chief Somavia violently attacked the Free World's other source of infor­ by printing the name of a British intelli­ Western news reporters serving as for­ mation, its intelligence agencies.• gence officer, Col. Hugh Johnstone, eign correspondents as "foreign entities" granted anonymity as "Col. B" when he acting as "agents of fun damen tal social appeared in court last November totes­ influence" even though often their stories PITTSBURGH GIRL WINS MARBLE tify about the seriousness of the actions are not published in the country where TOURNEY against intelligence operations by mem­ they work. Meanwhile comrade Savio of bers of Agee's network. Interpress used his attendance at the HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD It will be recalled that Agee and Mark ILET/TNI conference to get in touch OF PENNSYLVANIA Rosenball were deported from Britain in with the Dutch news agency, ANP, via a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES top Dutch Government official and per­ May of 1977, after all their appeals were Monday, July 10, 1978 exhausted. Three other members of the suade ANP to pay Interpress almost Agee apparat, former British intelli­ $1,000 for a subscription to the Inter­ • Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. gence officer John Berry and writers press news briefing service. According to Mr. Speaker, the domination of the Na­ Crispin Aubrey and Duncan Campbell, foreign press accounts, ANP's subscrip­ tional Marbles Tournament by Pitts­ were charged with violation of the Offi­ tion to Interpress is being refunded burgh area youngsters has continued this cial Secrets Act. quietly by the Dutch Ministry of Over­ year as 13-year-old Diane Bertosh, a Hosenball had written an article pub­ seas Development under an arrangement constituent of mine from Pittsburgh's lished in the radical Time Out magazine made by the former Labor government. Lawrenceville community, captured first on the British Signals Intelligence­ Two "news" services similar to Savio's place in the girls division of the SIGINT-program which identified the Interpress are operating in the United competition. location of its headquarters at Chelten­ States. They are Pacific News Service Pittsburgh area young people have won ham in western England, and strongly

Past U.S.-Vietnamese talks on establishing on a prisoner transfer treaty, providing for NCOA LEGISLATIVE GOALS diplomatic ties have made no progress. Viet­ the return of citizens imprisoned in one nam has insisted that the United States fol­ state to their own country to serve out the low through on its pledge to make large fi­ remainder of the sentences imposed. The nancial contributions to rebuilding the treaty will be based upon the European Con­ HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT country, and the United States has demanded vention on the International Validity of OF FLORIDA more information about Americans missing Crimmal Judgments, with necessary modifi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in Vietnam. cations to reflect the situations of the parties State Department spokesman Rodding and their constitutional and legal require­ Monday, July 10, 1978 Carter said yesterday that he had no com­ ments.e • Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, recently, ment on the Phan Hien statements. He the Noncommissioned Officers. Associa­ reiterated past U.S. statements about Wash­ tion of the United States of America ington's willingness to discu~s the diplo­ THE ANATOLY SCHARANSKY (NCOA) held its 17th Annual Interna­ matic-recognition question with Hanoi, but TRIAL added that he was not aware of any talks tional Convention in Las Vegas. "being imminent." In addition to selecting their officers U.S. and Vietnamese representatives are HON. TED WEISS for the coming year and adopting cer­ scheduled to meet soon in Hawaii to discuss tain applicable resolutions of importance methods of identifying and returning the OF NEW YORK to the association and its more than 150,- bodies of Americans in Vietnam.e IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 000 members, the delegates assembled Monday, July 10, 1978 unanimously adopted the following leg­ UNITED STATES-TURKEY PRIS­ • Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, not since the islative goals for 1978-79. ONER EXCHANGE TREATY MOVES purges of the Stalin era has the Soviet I call these to the attention of my col­ AHEAD Government launched such a violent at­ leagues particularly those dealing with tack on human rights as it has in the past a defense posture second-to-none and HON. HAROLD S. SAWYER year culminating with the bringing to military personnel policies and pro­ trial of Jewish dissident Anatoly Scha­ grams. In the latter instance, NCOA del­ OF MICHIGAN ransky. As today's New York Times egates asked for the continuation of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stated, present military retirement system but Monday, July 10, 1978 No case against a human rights advocate reducing the percentage of retired pay has been seen as such a vivid indicator of the received for every year under 30 years of •.Mr. SAWYER. Mr. Speaker, I take direction in which Soviet policy, both do­ combined service that is in excess of 20 this opportunity to inform my colleagues mestic and foreign, is headed. or more years of active duty. For exam­ of the announcement today by the U.S. ple: If a Sergeant First Class retires with Department of State marking an historic Just over a year ago, Scharansky was 20 years of active service but no reserve agreement on the negotiation of a pris­ imprisoned on charges of treason. But his time, his retired pay will be reduced by oner exchange treaty with the Govern­ real crimes are that he has spoken out 1 % percent per year for every year un­ ment of Turkey. against the Soviet Union's repressive der 30, or 15 percent until the 30th year The treaty would allow prisoners of emigration policies and has repeatedly of combined service is attained. At that either nation to return to their country tried to join his wife in Israel, where she time, his pay will be increased to its or­ to serve out the remainder of their im­ was forced to emigrate the day after iginal amount plus any CPI adjustments posed sentences. their marriage. His arrest is a chilling made under present law. reminder of the oppressiveness of the In recent weeks I have spoken out on This is important for Members of Con­ the urgent need to conclude negotiations Soviet regime. The message to Soviet Jews who wish to leave the Soviet Union gress to think about during the remain­ of a prisoner exchange treaty in order ing months of 1978. When the 96th Con­ to transfer five Americans now serving is that they risk branding as traitors imprisonment and perhaps even death. ' gress convenes next January, there will harsh sentences in Turkish jails under be more talk to change the military re­ distressing prison conditions. On June The Soviet Government's insistence.on tirement system. I think we should listen 29, I was joined by a bip:utisan group of bringing Scharansky to trial is an omi­ to these men and women of the NCOA. 53 of my colleagues in urging President nous sign that the Soviet Union is revert­ Almost 87 percent of them are noncom­ Carter to quickly move forward with ing to the closed, intolerant society it had missioned and petty officers serving on negotiations on a prisoner exchange seemed to be moving away from during active duty with the U.S. Armed Forces. treaty. the growth of detente. This trial, in fact, They are career professionals. Their I am gratified with this announcement will be construed by many to be as much thoughts on this matter are certainly of active negotiations and am heartened of an attack on detente as it is on wqrth our careful and thorough consid­ by the positive action which has been Scharansky and the causes he eration. symbolizes. given by the United States and the Gov­ Their legislative goals follow: ernment of Turkey in response to con­ By ignoring Western appeals for gressional concern and the fundamental Scharansky's release and timing the LEGISLATIVE GOALS, 1978-79 human rights of the five Americans. trial so that it coincides with an arms PREAMBLE Re~arding the plight of the two young limitation meeting between Secretary of The recorded history of Noncommissioned State Vance and Soviet Foreign Minister and Petty Officers in the United States armed American women, JoAnn McDaniel of fo:rce3 has been one of loyal and dedicated Oregon, and Katherine Zenz of Wiscon­ Gromyko, the Soviet Government has e.ssignment to the Nation's defenses. The sin who have already served 5 years of a made it clear that it wants to limit the pages of their journals are replete with he­ 24-year nonparolable sentence in Turk­ boundaries of detente to arms control. roic exploits and distinguished ministry given ish prison, I believe today's action will But the Soviet Government is totally freely in honor of their Country and itheir bring encouragement and hope. On their misguided if it does not understand that military service. During the Vietnam conflict, behalf, and their elderly parents and the people of the United States will in­ for example, more than one-half of the cov­ many friends, I will not cease any en­ evitably consider Soviet conduct in rela­ eted Medals of Honor for bravery above and tion to human rights when arms control beyond the call of duty were awarded to Non­ deavors until a final treaty is concluded commissioned and Petty Officers. ratified, and American citizens are re~ comes up from consideration. For almost 200 years career professionals turned home. Although there may be no direct con­ wearing the proud stripes of their military The complete text of the Department nection between the two issues, it is per­ grade have concerned themselves almost ex­ of State press release follows: fectly logical to ask "If the Russians find clusively with the tasks before them. On it so easy to break their word on the Hel­ land, at sea, and in the air, United States DEPARTMENT OF STATE, sinki Agreement can they be trusted to Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and July 10, 1978. Coast Guard Noncommissioned and Petty UNITED STATES-TURKEY ANNOUNCE NEGOTIA­ keep it on SALT?" Officers dedicated their daily lives to the TIONS ON PRISONER TRANSFER TREATY Soviet obtuseness in this regard en­ training and general well-being of the jun­ The United States and Turkey have agreed dangers not just detente but the very ior enlisted personnel under their leadership. to commence negotiations at an early date survival of civilization itself.• Many others guided younger oftlcers through July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20013 the trials and tribulations of early command logical advances in (Soviet) weaponry, the As with all programs problems do exist. authority and responslb111ty. Others kept, United States has lost the luxury of time in Those prevailing in or with the All Volunteer and also taught their successors to keep the which to mob111ze forces, adapt industry to Force weigh heavily on the morale and dis­ guns firing, the ships going, the tanks mov­ war production, learn from the mistakes of cipline of personnel. These hard-to-define ing and the planes flying. others, and step into the conflict when pre­ postures can insure the United S'tates that it Their devotion to duty, dedication and pared. Today, no one can hold an enemy at either has a force willing to fight--or one "can do" spirit earned their rank the title the gates long enough to permit a leisurely that has no stomach for duty in a combat of "Backbone of the M111tary Service." U.S. mobilization. With modern technology, environment. Today the authority of Noncommissioned that day has passed. There ls no alternative At the present, the situation might be and Petty Officers is no less than it was at but to be prepared and thereby to deter." leaning further toward the latter side. There the birth of our great Nation. It is no less In assessing the nation's primary goals, is a definite lack of quality leadership in the than it was in the great wars our country the Non Commissioned Officers Association military forces and morale is at an alarming fought to maintain freedom for itself and its of the U.S.A. (NCOA) believes that national low level. Uniformed personnel are tired of friends abroad. Instead, it has extended itself defense ls today the most important issue being used as public servants whose price can beyond the military installation and into facing the citizens of the United States. The be haggled over in the same manner as that the civilian sector. More and more Noncom­ Association has witnessed the emasculatlon of a bonde:l slave. missioned and Petty Officers are involved in of the country's military manpower and its Since the advent of the All Volunteer projects developing community relations, demise as the world's strongest and most Force, vocal federal exe·cutive and legislative civic actions, charitable programs, and serv­ powerful military entity. It is now second to officials have continually argued that m111- ices to the handicapped, the elderly, the or­ the Soviet Union. tary personnel are receiving "comparable" or, phans, veterans and others. "competitive" pay. Service members' salaries Immediate congressional action is needed have been greatly expanded to reflect pots­ This new feeling of ci vie pride and the de­ to insure that the United States recovers its of-gold-a t-the-end-of-the-rain bow images. sire to voluntarily assist the civilian com­ losses and returns soon to its proper place as Even the U.S. Senate has come up with "hy­ munity has developed an awareness of the the greatest military power on earth. Other­ pothetical" incomes that make the highest State of the Union. What many see, they wise, it is of further belief that the USSR paid government official appear to be poor in do not like. Some became so concerned with will thrust its tentacles in every direction so comparison. But the truth is the truth. Cur­ the future of the Nation and its military as to exert influence over the nations that rently the average enlisted member of the forces that they banded together so that can be of great economic value to the United armed forces is earning $9,300 in salary, their voices might one day be heard through­ States of America. housing allowances, moving expenses, sub­ out this great land. Therefore, let it be resolved that the Non sistence, clothing maintenance, and miscel­ These dedicated and devoted Noncom­ Commissioned Officers Association of the laneous pay. This compares to an annual av­ missioned and Petty Officers formed the Non U.S.A. (NCOA) will actively lend its support erage salary of $18,000 for each DoD federal Commissioned Officers Association of the to the restructuring of United States mili­ employee. U.S.A. (NCOA) some 18 years ago and tary and civil defense forces so that they are The membership realizes the difficulty the through the years have added more than superior to those of the Soviet Union. President and the Congress must have in es­ 150,000 to their initial membership. tablishing priorities. But it should not have With responsibility to that membership, MILITARY PERSONNEL any problem identifying the Nation's No. 1 the Association today renews its faith and Weapons and people are the main ele­ requirement----:that of having a strong de­ allegiance to the United States of America ments of a strong U.S. defense posture. One fense posture. In preparing for a strong de­ and to its Constitution, its people, and its without the other is the same as having fense posture, the United States must not armed forces. nothing at all. Yet, we, the members of the overlook its military people and their needs. On this 18th day of June, 1978, the dele­ Non Commissioned Officers Association of They are important-so important that suc­ gates assembled in Las Vegas, Nevada, for a the U .. S .. A. (NCOA) are not certain that cess or defeat rests in their hands. 17th Annual NCOA International Conven­ this country and its people are totally com­ As an Air Force commander said in Sep­ tion rededicate themselves to the common mitted to a strong national defense when tember 1977 when appearing before a public · defense of our beloved Nation and to their many continue to support an All Volunteer hearing of the President's Commission on fellow comrades-in-arms-the Noncommis­ Force that ls not working and hire civilians Military Comuensation: sioned and Petty Officers of the United to do jobs that cannot be filled through "If I were allowed only one statement in States Armed Forces, on active duty, retired, military accessions. the testimony today, it would be this re­ in the reserve or national guard, or in a vet­ We do not argue the costs of maintaining quest; as you wrestle with what we owe the erans' status; and to the men and women a large standing army of volunteers as op­ troops and how to compensate them in their who are serving, have served, or will serve posed to one having a draft environment special, unique, way of life, please under­ these United States as members of the simply because there may be little if any stand what we're asking of them, how impor­ Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force or Coast sizeable dollar differences. What is debata­ t9.nt what they do day in and day out is, and Guard. ble ls whether or not the United States how much they need and deserve stable, ade­ under the All Volunteer Force concept has quate compensation." With this pledge we, the members of the Therefore, let it be resolved that the non­ Non Commissioned Officers Association of sufficient military manpower to do the job if and when needed. Commisc;ioned Officers Association of the the United States of America (NCOA), offer U.S.A. (NCOA) will actively pursue legislative The Association also agrees with a recent our devotion, loyalty, and honor toward the or other means to support or oppose the article appearing in U.S. News & World Re­ fulfillment of these goals, and petition the following personnel programs: International Board of Directors to memo­ port, March 27, 1978; entitled "Russia Clos­ rialize the President of the United States of ing Technology Gap with U.S." It read: 1. To support an increase in military man­ America and the Congress that the goals power strengths to at least pre-Vietnam "From America's top defense scientist ( 1964) levels by: contained herein have been adopted by the comes a sobering message: The U.S. no Association's delegates in convention this longer can count automatically on superior (a) seeking better recruitment and reten­ date. technology to offset Russia's impressive nu­ tion programs, including the adoption of NATIONAL DEFENSE merical advantage in weaponry and combat necessary incentives beneficial to the attain­ In the preceding year, little if any progress manpower." ment of more men and women for the regu­ was made in establishing a common ground lar, reserve and national guard components, "Combat manpower" are the key words. and for determining strategic and conventional The United States has today less male volun­ forces limitations between the two most teers on active duty than it did in 1955. (b) urging the renewal of registration and classification of eligible American males by powerful nations on earth-the United The U.S. also is short in its reserve and States of America (USA) and the Soviet the Selective Service System, and to rees­ national guard strengths. Its Individual tablish a universal military training pro­ Union (USSR). Ready Reserves (IRR) is a disaster and the The USSR continues to arm itself both gram for qualified males so that the individ­ Selective Service System is totally inadequate ual Ready Reserve (IRR), Selective Reserve strategically and conventionally far beyond to fulfill any sudden manpower requirement its most confectural defense requirement. demanded by a national emergency. and National Guard Forces will have suffi­ The amassment of greater strengths in con­ cient numbers available for emergency mo­ Although Defense Secretary Brown says: bilization. ventional forces dwarfs the slower progress "Now we must increase our investment in of the United States and its NATO forces in defense if we are to stay abreast," the United 2. To support active duty, reserve and na­ matching that of the Soviet Union in either States will not meet that challenge in the tional guard by: numbers or in quality. In fact, Defense next year. And it is far removed from a point (a) opposing any attempt to eliminate or spokesmen have warned the United States of preparedness-regardless of what our top diminish their benefits or those of their de­ that: civilian and military leaders proclaim. Of pendents or survivors now provided by law "Our friends in Europe, while contribut­ course, the United States is ready with what br regulation, ing to our collective security, are no longer it has, but it does not have what it takes to (b) seeking a "Bill of Rights" for all mem­ comparable powers. Further, with techno- be at the ready. bers of the uniformed services, 20014 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 ( c) seeking i:everance pay for enlisted per­ (k) seeking comparable protection of ten­ 8. support the appointment of more career sonnel, authorization for enlisted personnel ure of service under honorable conditions military enlisted personnel to advisory to credit reserve time when computing retired for enlisted personnel, authority to permit boards, commissions and committees in the pay and to recalculate their retired pay to noncommissioned and petty officers to accept Veterans Administration, and reflect later active duty periods, retention administrative discharges rather than stand . 9. support the actions necessary to have of enlisted personnel beyond the 18th year trial by court-martial for certain offenses as the NCOA participate with the President, of active service until qualified for retired now provided commissioned officers, author­ the Executive Branch, Congress, federal pay, ity for enlisted members retired or released agencies, and others toward the fulfillment (d) seeking continued subsidies for mili­ from active duty without pay for physical of these resolves. tary commissaries, the necessary funds to disability to request review of his or her case GENERAL transport post exchange merchandise over­ up to 15 years from date of retirement or The membership assembled commits the seas, impact aid for school districts having separation, and authority to permit enlisted Association to also continue its efforts in military dependent children enrolled, finan­ members completing a term of enlistment­ behalf of previous conventions' legislative cial federal assistance for nonappropriated if the service has been honorable and the goals and resolutions that are active and funds (NAF) activities, and to oppose any separation involuntarily-to receive payment necessary for the well-being of the member­ adverse changes to the Buck Act and the for the unexpired period of the enlistment if ship, the Non Commissioned and Petty Offi­ Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act par­ not entitled to separation or readjustment cers of the U.S. Armed Forces, the enlisted ticularly involving taxation of military per­ pay under any other existing law or regula­ men and women of the U.S. Armed Forces, sonnel by a state jurisdiction other than their tion. and the military and veterans' communities. own, or for the purpose of obtaining tax VETERANS AFFAIRS Further, the Association shall have the money on sales of merchandise in military Realizing its debt to American veterans of mandate of this assembly to actively sup­ post exchanges and/ or commissaries, the wars in which the Nation has partici­ port or oppose any legislation, where con­ (e) urging the continuation of the present pated, the membership of the Non Commis­ venient and necessary, but not in competi­ military retirement system with these sioned Officers Association of the U.S.A. tion with priority commitments, that is or changes: (NCOA) rededicates itself to the protection is not in the best interests of the Associa­ ( 1) Equitable computation of retired pay, of the honorably-discharged veterans of serv­ tion, its membership, and/or the m111tary (2) Reduction of lY:i percent for every ice in the Armed Forces of the United States. and veterans' communities.e year less than 30 years when computing re­ To our fellow countrymen, the NOCA tired pay based on minimum of 20 years eli­ echoes the words of former President Theo­ gibility with full pay restored at 30 years dore Roosevelt: (3) No social security offset "No other citizen deserves so well of the AFTER BAKKE (4) Apply "grandfather" provision for Republic as the veterans. They did the one those in service on date of any change to deed, if left undone, that would have meant present retirement system that all else in history went for nothing. But HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. (5) No transfer of retired pay from military for their steadfast promise, all our annals departments to other governmental agencies, would be meaningless, and our great experi­ OF MICHIGAN ence in popular freedom and self-government IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (f) seeking removal of employment restric­ would be a gloomy failure." tions imposed on military musicians, au­ Monday, July 10, 1978 thorization for military personnel to estab­ Therefor, let it be resolved that the Non lish Individual Retirement Accounts (IRA). Commissioned Officers Association of the • Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, Bill changes to "Status of Forces" agreements U.S.A. (NCOA) will through legislative or Greider of the Washington Post reports that will provide adequate protection and other proper means continue to provide as­ the news with a grasp of essentials and eliminate indiscrimination fur active and sistance to the Nation's veterans by support­ a thoroughness that is even the more re­ retired military personnel serving or living ing or opposin~ the following issues: 1. oppose furt-her attempts to legalize gen­ markable because of the generally high in foreign nations, and to oppose any at­ caliber of journalism in Washington. tempt to unionize the members of the uni­ eral amnesty for Vietnam veterans or any formed services, veterans with less than honorable discharges, His report more than a year ago on con­ or to upgrade "bad paper" discharges under centration and power in the oil industry (g) urging the improvement and upgrad­ general provisions of law, or to provide vet­ ing of the military medical and dental sys­ first alerted me to his considerable tal­ erans benefits to recipients of upgraded dis­ ents. His subsequent series on urban is­ tems-including CHAMPUS, to permit mili­ charges under governmental proclamations, tary retirees to voluntarily choose CHAMPUS 2. support amendments to the Dependents sues and civil rights 10 years after the or MEDICARE on attaining age 65, and to Indemnity Compensation (DIC) program Kerner Commission have also excelled. oppose any move by the federal government that provides for equitable payments to It was in this light that I read with ex­ to transfer military health care to another widows of military personnel who die on pectation his recent commentary on the governmental department or agency, active duty or veterans who die of 100 per­ Supreme Court's decision on Bakke, (h) seeking increased fundings for better cent service-connected disabilities, and cost­ which appeared in the Washington Post's military housing and quarters, funds for of-living increases for recipients of DIC and Outlook section on July 2. I was not dis­ travel and transportation allowances for Veterans Administration (VA) Compensa­ appointed. junior enlisted personnel, equitable travel tion payments, and transportation allowances for moving 3. support improvements in the veterans• He examines the Bakke decision as so­ mobile homes, increases in amounts of house­ home loan and loan guarantee program, cial history and discovers, not surpris­ hold goods to be shipped to and from over­ 4. oppose adverse changes to the Veterans' ingly, a great many ironies built into seas stations, and equal per diem payments Preference Act of 1944, support federal vet­ the Supreme Court decision. Chief for enlisted personnel assigned to temporary erans employment programs, and oppose any among them is that in the mid-1950's duties, provisions of Department of Labor programs white males graduated from public high (i) opposing adverse changes to the pres­ that afford equal opportunity to less-than­ schools like himself were for years the ent Dual Compensation Act, and seeking re­ honorably discharged veterans, computation of retired pay for certain mili­ 5. support Veterans education and reha­ beneficiaries of quota-like considerations tary retirees, equitable and necessary changes bilitation prgorams, oppose any attempt to such as geographical balance and diver­ to the Uniformed Services Survivors Benefit transfer VA education and rehabilitation sity, irrespective of grades and achieve­ Plan, enactment of a similar Survivors Bene­ programs to other governmental agencies, ment test scores. When he entered fit Plan for the reserve and guard, equitable seek extention of delimiting dates for use of Princeton there were, however, three benefits for surviving widows and dependent the GI Bill, and support cost-of-living in­ black undergraduates among 2,800 stu­ children and/ or parents, tax benefits for cer­ creases in VA education, vocational and re­ dents. The Court citation of Harvard tain military disabled retired personnel, ex­ habilitation payments, College as an example of the right kind ten tion from one to three years the period 6. support improvements in the VA vet­ of affirmative action Greider points to a member has following his or her retirement erans' cemetery and burial programs, oppose to select a home for purposes of travel and efforts to decrease or deter federal veterans' as yet another exceptional irony. transportation allowances, continued pay­ death payments and benefits if the deceased The crux of the Greider commentary ment of federal unemployment insurance is entitled to other burial benefits, and op­ is that in the aftermath of the Court's concurrently with retired pay, and the pay­ pose any move to transfer the Department relaxation of affirmative action stand­ ment of federal employment compensation of Army's operational authority of the Ar­ ards, a major issue becomes the means and veterans compensation concurrently lington National Cemetery to the Veterans by which minority students can finance with the receipt of retired pay under certain Administration, conditions, their higher education. As the costs of 7. oppose any attempt to transfer the VA education climb, school budgets contract, (j) seeking an equitable system of pay­ hospital system from the direct supervision ment for incentive and/ or hazardous duty and operational control of the Veterans Ad­ pressures grow to cut Federal aid to ed­ pay and oppose any attempt to weaken the ministration, and support continued im­ ucation, university administrators might present provisions in law relating to the provements in the Veterans Administration be encouraged to select students who garnishment of military pay, health care programs, possess among other attributes the July 1 O, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20015 means to support their own education. blacks with grim precedent for that fear, and talents and alumni sons and all the rest In the past decade Federal student aid the Bakke decision is another alarm bell. The works to include some and exclude others. To programs proved effective as incentives legal impact is still not fully defined, but the take a medium-speed high school kid from social meaning is already threatening. Ohio meant rejecting a Jewish kid from to recruit minority student.s. The ques­ My alma mater was a footnote in Bakke. Brooklyn, who probably had higher College tion arises whether after Bakke-after Justice Powell, whose swing vote makes his Board scores. One man's luck was another's the relaxation of rigorous affirmative ac­ distinctions so important to how Bakke in­ injustice. tion standards-institutions of higher fiuences the nation, cited Harvard and Princeton, like many other institutions in learning can be relied on for their good Princeton and a few other prestigious univer­ America, has changed dramatically since the intentions alone, or will they have as well sities as the examplars of how one should 1950s. Despite stormy objections from alumni, the financial incentives in the form of take race into account when deciding on ad­ the university opened its admissions to substantial Federal student aid that will missions. This surely will make the neo­ women nine years ago. Now its undergradu­ conservati ves gag-they have been railing at ate enrollment is approximately 35 percent encourage them to actively recruit and those elite institutions almost as strenuously female. enroll students from minority communi­ as they have been opposing "affirmative ac­ Without government coercion, the univer­ ties. tion." Others may find it ironic, surely, that sity introduced race into the many factors The William Greider commentary that the justice finds in these places-gatekeepers important to its self-balancing. Last fall, follows, "After Bakke, Financial Incen­ for the highest rungs in our society-the there were 340 black students, about 8 per­ tives Are the Issue," should be priority paragon for equity which the rest of the na­ cent of total enrollment, and 300 other mi­ reading, and I commend it strongly to tion should emulate. nority students. my colleagues: I thought it was kind of funny. When I The old balance between high school and anplied to Princeton in the mid-1950s, I had prep school, once so sensitive, is less so now, AFTER BAKKE, BLACKS NEED FUNDS, NOT GOOD several things going for me-special qualities with about 65 percent of the students com­ INTENTIONS which had nothing to do with my College ing from public schools. The preference for (By William Greider) Boards scores (okay but unspectacular) or alumni offspring is still strong, however. The In the matter of Bakke, I have a personal grades (likewise). I was, above all, ,white and university will accept 40 to 45 percent of the interest, one which is shared anonymously male. The university at that time had three alumni children who apply, compared with by millions of other Americans who are now black undergraduates among 2,800. There only 20 percent of all others. older than young. were, of course, no women. A cynic might say that there is a genetic To put it crudely, I was a "quota kid" in No one spoke of "quotas" in those days, theory of educational quality in those pat­ an era before that ugly phrase was invented, but the university was quite explicit, even terns, a redundancy of class. The real expla­ proud, of the way it "balanced" its admis­ long before anyone thought of special ad­ nation, of course, is that universities need missions programs for racial minorities. I sions. This was to insure diversity and other alumni, for money, for continuity, for tradi­ was among the lucky chosen, in part, for educational goals, just as Justice Powell tion. reasons other than our individual merits. mentioned in his opinion. William G. Bowen, Princeton's president, So I had several other advantages. I was led the university through these changes, This personal history is relevant to Bakke, graduating from a pubUc high school, as op­ I think, if only to demonstrate the profound catching heavy flak from reactionary alumni posed to a private prep school. In those days, and outlasting their assaults. The system has hypocrisy with which the country-and now Princeton was balancing 50-50 between pub­ the Supreme Court-has addressed this ques­ no fixed numbers, Bowen explains, but lic and private, which meant neces~arily Princeton's admissions officers have a pretty tion of preferential treatment in college ad­ passing over many kids from Exter and missions, not to mention the other arenas of clear idea of where they want to come out. Andover et al, who had better scores, to pick The selection may be fiexible, but someone jobs and promotion where the idea of "af­ others from high schools. firmative action" is also under assault. must decide when there are enough football I was from Ohio, which gave me another players, en'Jugh Midwesterns, enough wizards. The civil rights lawyers, reading the legal notch up, since the university was balancing opinions, are proclaiming victory. Or, at least, enough women, enough blacks. on a regional basis. I had, therefore, a dis­ The admissions director, Bowen says, "may not much was lost. At another level, however, tinct edge over boys graduating from public the social message embedded in the Bakke have a rough sense that, if we wound up way high schools in New Jersey or New York or over here or way over there, that would be decision is much more threatening to the Connecticut. Princeton easily could have future interests of blacks and other minori­ bad. That doesn't mean you think 17 percent filled its classes from the East, but chose to or 24 percent. There's no magic number. It is ties trying to get through the gates. spread the precious slots around. The Mid­ Bakke says, after a generation of struggle ultimately subjective." west "quota," if one may use that odious Yet the numbers do not vary widely from to confront questions of racial inequality in term, was never precisely stated, but every­ the most direct terms, let us back off a bit. ye~r to year. Bowen adds, because the same one agreed that there was one. people are making the up-or-down decisions Be discreet, private, fluid in our decisions Now I had another, more delicate prefer­ about who gets in, who gets excluded. Let and the same forces are at work-the uni­ ence working in my behalf. This was a very versity's objectives of balance and the pool us rely upon the good intentions of institu­ small high school and, as it happened, one tions, not those direct and provocative ap­ of qualified applicants. of my high school classmates was the son of The important point is this: Discrete "quo­ proaches which stir so much envy and dis­ an alumnus, an active and important man temper in the society. tas" or something operating very much like who cared deeply about Princeton. My "quotas" have always been at the center of What Bakke does not say ls that those friend's record, his grades and scores, was selective admissions. These rules and judg­ good intentions of colleges and universities somewhat less distinguished than mine. A have been. helped along by the goodly sums ments will continue to operate in the future, delicate question: Could Princeton take him the Supreme Court notwithstanding. It is of federal financial aid that have been follow­ and pass over me? Princeton took both of us. ing minority students into their classrooms, inevitable, so long as there are too many Were we qualified? Both of us managed qualified applicants for limited spaces. or that much of that financial incentive is to garduate, without distinction, but both of currently threatened. Will colleges and uni­ us also nearly flunked out at several points. The legal debate over Bakke succeeded in versities have as strong consciences if the I can offer comfort to those black students evading this reality or cloaking it in euphe­ money flow ebbs? who hear the whispers and shouts about how misms. But it is hypocritical to pretend that Justice Thurgood Marshall interpreted the inferior they are as students, how they are "quotas" began with the civil rights move­ Bakke message in the gloomiest terms. He watering down standards. They said the same ment. Grading and sorting, selecting and re­ was before the bench a generation ago, as an thing about my friend and me and all high jecting, by class, by region, by family, by NAACP lawyer, when the Supreme Court rati­ school graduates at Princeton 20 years ago. other extrinsic factors, is as American as fied and empowered the great social struggle Eli Yale, Old Nassau and the Harvard In a general way, it was true. We were in­ Crimson. for racial equality; now, as a justice himself, ferior. Except for the wizards, the high school Marshall sees his neo-conservative colleagues graduates were atrociously unprepared com­ This is not to imply that a Harvard or a turning it off. pared with their classmates from the best Princeton will now retreat from the goals of The last decade has produced extraordi­ prep schools. There were periodic storms of social equity which they have pursued in the nary progress in opening the gates of higher protest from alumni at this in.Justice. Prince­ last decade. The crucial and disturbing mes­ education for blacks, the cruical step in de­ ton discerned, however, that high school kids sage, however, is that public institutions may termining income, class, even social status in tended to be hungrier, studied harder out of now rely upon their own private and autono­ America. Black enrollment has tripled, ap­ necessity (some of us were notable excep­ mous good intentions, rather than rigorous proaching proportional parity with whites tions to this) . public standards. though still short of it. Among whites 18 to But another complaint was more funda­ Be fair. Do good. But do it out of sight, 24 years old, 27 percent were in college in mental: Jewish students, graduates of those where the public won't be aroused by clumsy 1976, compared with 20 percent of blacks. high schools in the East, complained that, in quotas like the California plan, where ag­ The question which haunts civil rights ad­ addition to these other selection factors, grieved minorities will find it more difficult vocates now is whether this new social atti­ there was a "Jewish quota." The university to establish equity and demand redress. tude will turn off the progress and blacks wm always denied this, and I always believed the Black people know that "good intentions" find themselves slipping back to the old rung university. I still do. But it is obvious now have been a fragile guarantee in the long, on the ladder, the bottom. History provides that the balancing act o! geography and uneven struggle !or racial equality. Thurgood CXXIV-1269-Part 15 20016 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1 O, 1978 Marshall felt compelled in his opinion on black applicants might indeed suffer dispro­ and persons have a relevant and positive Bakke to remind everyone of that troubled portionately as colleges and universities scale role to play in contributing toward the history, the stops and starts in America's back their budgets and enrollments. past and long spells in between when blacks In short, if white America wants to back achievement" of the final act provisions. made little progress. That history says rather away from this struggle, if it is sufficiently Furthermore, the Soviet Union specifi­ clearly that good intentions are an unreliable angry and tired of pursuing racial equality, cally agreed to "respect human rights mechanism for insuring social change. then the Bakke decision certainly offers a and fundamental freedoms" and con­ Every institution, one assumes, has good spiritual blessing for retreat. The next ques­ firmed "the rights of the individual to intentions. But every institution, ultimately, tion is whether Congress will also provide a know and act upon his rights." It is evi­ will also seek results which are in its self­ financial incentive.e dent that the Soviet Union has no inten­ interest. If survival requires taking more tion of honoring these commitments. alumni children, or more sons and daughters of famous millionaires or more black and This behavior calls into question the in­ Hispanic children, these colleges and univer­ tention of the U.S.S.R. to adhere in good sities will balance their selection factors TRIALS OF SOVIET DISSIDENTS faith to any international treaties and toward those ends. ARE MOCKERY OF JUSTICE agreements. I vehemently protest the To put the matter more crassly, the future trials of the members of the Helsinki progress or retrogression of black admissions HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM groups and urge that my colleagues in will depend on money, not just good inten­ the Congress do so. The Soviet Govern­ tions. This is the battleground now and, OF NEW YORK ment must be made to understand that while the outlook in one sense is encouraging IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their treatment of men and women like for black aspirations, future progress is also Monday, July 10, 1978 threatened. Scharansky, Ginzburg, Slepak, Petkus, Colleges and universities everywhere face a • Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, today and Podrabinek, profoundly affects the bleak and unavoidable future of scaling in the Soviet Union the campaign of re­ future of U.S.-Soviet relations.• down. This may affect the Harvards and pression against members of the Hel­ Princetons least of all, but state-financed in­ sinki Watch Groups has reached its stitutions simply must cut back over the next decade. In 1976, there were 4.2 million pinnacle. The trials of no less than PEOPLE OF GOOD WILL SHOCKED 18-year-olds in America. By 1985, there will four-possibly five-group members be­ be only 3.6 million of them. By 1994, there gins this week. Two founding members will be 3.1 million. of the Moscow grou1>-Anatoly Schar­ HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Colleges are going to lose one:..fourth of ansky, and Aleksandr Ginzburg-and OF MASSACHUSETTS their potential clients and the game of col­ the wife of another Moscow group mem­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leges admissions is already becoming a buy­ ber, Mariya Slepak, started today. Monday, July 10, 1978 er's market. The black college-age population Scharansky, a Jewish refusenik who will decline, too, after a peak in the early • Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, the trial of 1980s, but the black share will still be some­ has been separated from his wife in Is­ rael for over 4 years, is charged with Anatoly Scharansky which began today what larger. Blacks are now 13.5 percent of in the Soviet Union has shocked people 13-year-olds; they will be 15.6 percent in treason which carries the maximum 1990. Other non-whites will also increase penalty of death. Ginzburg is being of good will around the world. their numbers and share. charged with "anti-Soviet agitation and Clearly Mr. Scharansky is being pun­ These demographic facts argue strongly propaganda" for his activities as a Hel­ ished only for his attempt to emigrate to that blacks and other minorities should con­ sinki monitor and administrator of the Israel and his attempt to monitor Soviet tinue to increase their college enrollments Solzhenitsyn Fund for the Aid of Fami­ compliance with the Helsinki agreement. in the years ahead. As Princeton president To register a serious protest by the Bowen explains: "As the total population lies of Political Prisoners. Because Ginz­ burg had been convicted earlier for his Congress against the Soviet Union's falls off, the competition among colleges to treatment of Anatoly Scharansky, Sena­ enroll students is going to become keener ... human rights activism, he faces a pos­ Anything that reduces the general competi­ sible 10-year prison term to be followed tor RIBICOFF and I have introduced today tiveness among applicants is going to help by 5 years in exile. Mrs. Slepak is being the fallowing resolution: minorities." charged with "malicious hooliganism" Whereas the Soviet Union in 1975 signed For these minority students, kids who are for hanging a banner outside her Mos­ the Helsinki Final Act, which stipulated the now 8 or 10 years old, however, the crucial observation of basic human rights, including factor will still be money. If the Federal cow apartment which proclaimed her the right to "leave any country"; and Government turns off the spi1rot of student family's desire to emigrate to Israel to Whereas Anatoly Scharansky has since 1973 aid, blacks and other minorities are in big join their son. Last month her husband, been denied permission by the Sov!et author­ trouble. Vladimir Slepak, was sentenced to 5 ities to emigrate to Israel; and Lois Rice, vice president of the College years internal exile for this so-called of­ Whereas Mr. Scharansky now faces trial Entrance Examination Board, explains the fense. The Slepaks, who have already because he dared to protest this denial and strong connection: waited over 8 years for exit visas, will to monitor the compliance of the Soviet "More than 40 percent of the largest Fed­ Union with the international human rights eral student aid program-that for Basic probably be forced to serve their sen­ guarantees of the Helsinki Agreement; and Education Opportunity Grants-went to mi­ tences separately in remote areas of Si­ Whereas the formal charge of treason nority student.s in 1976 . .. [this] undoubt­ beria. against Mr. Scharansky is without legal basis edly has been a strong incentive for institu­ This incredible repression is not limit­ and has been repudiated by the government tions to enroll racial minorities. ed to the Moscow group. In Lithuania, of the United States; and "This is not surprising since minority stu­ Viktoras Petkus, a founding member of Whereas the United States takes seriously dents are a very disproportionate share of its commitment to the Helsinki Agreement the low-income population for which the the Helsinki Watch Group there, is be­ and especially to the human rights provi­ program was designed. About 65 percent of ing tried under the same charges facing sions thereof; and black students in higher education are from Ginzburg. He, too, faces an especially Whereas the trial of Anatoly Scha.ransky families with incomes below $10,000. harsh sentence of 10 years in prison fol­ constitutes a gross violation of the Helsinki "If you substitute a tuition tax credit for lowed by 5 in exile because of a former Final Act and minimum unive,rsal standards the student aid program-which is the cur­ conviction. Aleksandr Podrabinek, the of humanity and justice: Now, therefore be rent threat-you unquestionably will elimi­ young founder of the subgroup on psy­ it nate a large part of the financial incentive Resolved by the House of Representatives for higher-education institutions to enroll chiatric abuse, is also scheduled to be (the Senate concurring), That- minority students." tried later this week in Moscow on ( 1) Cong-ress hereby condemns the trial of While the Supreme Court muddles through charges of "anti-Soviet defamation and Anatoly Scharansky and calls upon the soviet Bakke, Congress is considering precisely what slander" which carries a maximum sen­ Union to comply with the Helsinki Agree­ Rice fears: reducing the direct Federal dol­ tence of 3 years. ment by immediately releasing Mr. Scharan­ lars which accompany so many minority It is clear, Mr. Speaker, that the So­ sky and permitting him to emigrate to Is­ students to college, the money which encour­ viet Union, by harassing. arresting. and rael; and ages good intentions. If this a.id is replaced (2) conviction of Ana.toly Schara.nskv. in by a tuition tax credit, more beneficial to convicting the members of the Public contradiction of international human rights middle- and upper-income families. that Groups To Promote Observance of the guarantees which the Soviet Union has might hurt twice-by encouraging colleges Helsinki Agreement in the U.S.S.R., is pledged to U!Jhold, can only adversely affect to raise their tuitions to take advantage of directly violating the pledge it made at relations between the United States and the the tax subsidy. Without substantial aid, Helsinki confirming "that organizations soviet Union.e July 1 O, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20017 BALANCE(S) OF POWER SERIES tential friction between the superpowers. We need to continue aiding Israel not This look at trends in respective regional only because it is the right thing to do, balances of power, entitled "The Global but because it is the necessary thing to HON. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE Compass," will detail significant military do-necessary not only to Israel's OF KENTUCKY developments in the following areas: survival, but to the survival of a close IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A. NATO's Center Core and the Germanies U.S. ally in an area of extreme strategic B. NATO's Northern and Southern Flanks importance.• Monday, July 10, 1978 C. The Eastern Mediterranean • Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, D. The Horn of Africa E. Sub-Saharan Africa during the last session of Congress, I was F . Southern Africa privileged to insert a series of articles PITTSBURGH CELLIST WINS TCHAI­ G. Northeast Asia KOVSKY COMPETITION in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, detailing H. Asian Rimlands in part the major shift in "The Bal­ I. Pacific Basin ance(s) of Power" underway between the J. Indian Ocean HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD K. South America Soviet Union and the United States. OF PENNSYLVANIA The purpose of The Balance(s) of Finally, a related and concurrent series IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Power series is to present to the Con­ of writings will be added on the subject Monday, July 10, 1978 gress, the administration, and the Amer­ of Soviet doctrines and intentions. Be­ ican people through the libraries across cause differences in assumptions, goals, • Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. the Nation containing the CONGRESSIONAL attitudes and ethics between United Mr. Speaker, classical music lovers every­ RECORD, a carefully documented, dis­ States and Soviet approaches to national where, and especially those in Pitts­ cussion-provoking set of views prepared security problems create asymmetries burgh, were elated with the news that by current leading thinkers in the field which underlie every element of the bal­ Nathaniel Rosen, principal cellist with of national defense, so designed as to ance of power, it is appropriate to raise the Pittsburgh Symphony, won first stimulate thinking about military trends these neglected questions as this 3-year prize in the Tchaikovsky Music Compe­ and where we are l:eaded if the Congress, series concludes. tition which is held every 4 years in the administration, and the American Mr. Chairman, it is my hope that by Moscow. people do not take the necessary steps to directing attention to these critical issues Mr. Rosen's feat was the first time an turn us around. this series may contribute in some meas­ American instrumentalist has won the Mr. S~eaker, book I of this continu­ ure to a better-informed and more clear­ coveted gold medal for excellence since ing series, appearing in the March 17, minded debate over the challenges to be Van Cliburn won 20 years ago. 1976, to December 15, 1977, issues of the met by the U.S. national defense effort, Mr. Rosen's victory in a string compe­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, included articles and how best to proceed. tition, a category usually dominated by relating to seven broad areas: First, U.S. Most importantly, and urgently, Mr. Russian and Eastern European musi­ Strategic Situat.ion; second, A Pano­ Chairman, are the constraints in time cians, emphasizes the significance of his ramic Perspective; third, Strategic Of­ imposed upon our decisionmaking proc­ win. fensive Balance; fourth, Strategic De­ ~sses in. an open and democratic society Mr. Rosen, who has been with the fensive Balance; fifth. Armed Forces m the llght of acknowledged Soviet mo­ Pittsburgh Symphony since 1977, has Balance; sixth, Naval Forces Balance; mentum and intentions.• competed and won other international and seventh, Tac Air Balance. A list of contests. He has studied the cello for 25 these articles detailing the number, years. author, date, and subject matter is pro­ I wish to congratulate Mr. Rosen on vided at the conclusion of my Decem­ ISRAEL'S ANNIVERSARY his achievement and I hope that the ber 15, 1977, remarks. patrons of the Pittsburgh Symphony can · In the coming months before the end HON. JIM LLOYD enjoy his works for many years to come. of the 95th Congress, I shall be present­ I would like to insert in the RECORD at OF CALIFORNIA ing in the .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD books this time an article from the Pittsburgh II and III-the conclusion of my Bal­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Press detailing Mr. Rosen's prize-•win­ ance(s) of Power series. These selections Monday, July 10, 1978 ning performance: Moscow HONORS CITY CELLIST will actually comprise three themes to be • Mr. LLOYD of California. Mr. followed concurrently. Nathaniel Rosen, first cellist with the Speaker, recent events in the Mideast Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, outplayed The first theme, book II of the series, suggest new efforts to find a negotiated 52 other cellists from 22 other countries to looks beyond the military balance pre­ peace. These negotiations must take the win the world's most valued musical prize­ sented in book I and will examine the form of protecting Israel's unique posi­ e Tchaikovsky gold medal-in competition nonmilitary elements of national power; tion in the Mideast, while guaranteeing a in Moscow. it is entitled, simply, The Strategic Bal­ lasting cease-fire and, hopefully, a Rosen is the first American to win a gold ance." This book will consist of a com - genuine peace. medal at the competition in 12 years since parison of U.S. and Soviet strategic I was fortunate to visit Israel last year, singer Jane Marsh's victory in 1966. strengths and weaknesses along the fol­ The last American instrumentalist to and review the situation first hand. As win the prestigious award was pianist Van lowing outline: the first U.S. Congressman to fly with Cliburn in 1958. A. Geopolitics and Soviet Power the Israeli Air Force, I was impressed by B. The United States and the Maritime Al- The 30-year-old cellist, who joined the the professionalism and commitment on Pittsburgh orchestra this season, said he liance the part of these skilled pilots. I was C. National Resources wants to further his career as a soloist and D. Industrial Capacity shown dramatically the Israeli defense at the same time bring a little more recogni­ E. Technology and Research posture in the Golan Heights and the tion to an instrument he says has followed F . Population Trends and Distribution West Bank from the air. From this view the piano and violin in popularity. G. National Character it is obvious that Israel has a valid de­ In addition to the gold medal he won Sat­ H. Political Culture fense requirement in occupied lands. urday, Rosen also received a cash prize of I. National Morale Any resolution of the Mideast crisis must $2,500. The honor meant instant fame for J. Nature and Quality of Diplomacy Van Cliburn 20 years ago, and Rosen clearly recognize this fact. is looking for the same kind of acceptance. K. Nature and Quality of Government Israel has consistently maintained a L. Psychological Warfare and Propaganda "My goal has always been to be a cello strong democracy and sense of freed om soloist and my victory in this contest will On alternate days, Book III will ad- under difficult circumstances. She has give me a boost in that direction," he said. dress those developments of concern for been a strong friend for three decades Rosen's climb has not been an easy one U.S. security interests presented world­ through uneasy times. We have a com­ since he first began to play the cello when wide, not by Soviet activities alone, as in mitment to Israel not only as an ally, he was 6 years old. book I, but by the full range of interna­ but as a frontier of freedom in the He left his home in southern California tional changes which create points of po- Mideast. after meeting his wife, Jennifer, and went to 20018 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 London, New York, and finally Pittsburgh the Association of Former Intelligence gence in the United States from foreigners. where he became first celllst under conduc­ Officers-former intelligence profes­ The definitions exclude omcers and em­ tor Andre Prevln. sionals who have helped protect our na­ ployees of a foreign power not so acting in Along the way, he went to the Tchaikov­ the United States. Why should our policy­ sky competitions of 1966, and with a stun­ tional security and have provided vital makers be denied valuable positive foreign ning appearance by an 18-year-old musician information for our Nation in its conduct in telllgence by barring collection from a. he ma.de the finals but did not win the prize. of foreign affairs. These former intelli­ visiting foreign minister on holiday? Or, for During the past year in Pittsburgh, he gence officers deserve to be listened to that matter, from a. scientist, businessman had devoted his time to practice, training and their recommendations are entitled or any other foreigner in the United States and development of style that separates the to our respect and support. known to possess information of value to the superior performer from the competent ones. United States? We know of no other coun­ Rosen, in an interview in his suite in the Mr. Speaker, I am attaching hereto the communication from General Stilwell try which so limits its lntelllgence capabil­ Rossiya Hotel in Moscow, admitted the pres­ ities; and, in fa.ct, we do not so limit our sure was "extreme." for the edification of my colleagues: capa.b111ties abroad. This limitation does not He said this year's competition has been JUNE 26, 1978. protect the rights of Americans; what it a strain. Hon. ROBERT w. KASTENMEIER, does is hobble the nation's efforts to give our He said there were three weeks of appear­ Chairman, Subcommittee on Courts, Civil policy-makers the best possible intelligence. ances before a highly developed audience Liberties and the Administration of At any given time there are hundreds o! but he was inspired by the intensity of at­ Justice, U.S. House of Representatives, thousands of foreigners in the United States. tention by that audience at the perform­ Washington, D .C. Limiting collection efforts only to employ­ ances. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: As President of the ees of foreign powers and others who may Rosen will remain in Russia until he com­ Association of Former Intelligence Officers engage in clandestine intelllgence activities pletes a 10-day tour then return to the (AFIO) I have honor to present the views essentially constrains such U.S. collection to United States to join the Pittsburgh Sym­ of our Association on H.R. 7308, the "Foreign counterintelligence and abandons the equally phony Orchestra. Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978" on vital area of positive foreign intelligence. He and his wife live in Gateway Towers, which your Subcommittee ls presently hold­ The second point Involves the definitions Downtown. ing hearings. also. I refer to Sec. lOl(b) (7) (B) which de­ Rosen made his debut in California with we vigorously oppose this blll insofar as fines "agent of a foreign power" to be a for­ the Redlands Symphony at 12, and started it requires a judicial warrant to obtain for­ eigner (i.e., other than a United States per­ studying with Gregor Piatigorsky of the eign lntelllgence by use of electronic surveil­ son) acting fer a foreign power which en­ Berlin Philharmonic a year later. He became lance of a "foreign power" or "agent of a for­ gages in clandestine intelligence activities Platigorsky's assistant at the university of eign power." The provisions which so require in the United States contrary to the inter­ Southern California. run contrary to the national interest. They ests of the United States. The definition con­ In an earlier interview he called Platigor­ correct no known abuse, greatly inhibit for­ tinues by requiring a judgment that "the sky "a great person, a large soul. I learned eign intelligence activities, create substantial circumstances of such person's presence in everything from him, not only music but new security hazards, afford no additional the United States indicate that such person an attitude toward life. In music he said it safeguards for rights of Americans, and are may engage in such activities in the United was important to express one's self, not to inconsistent with the Constitution as re­ States". As the members of your Subcom­ hold back. When I bog down in practice, it peatedly interpreted by the Supreme Court. mittee are certainly aware, the intelligence helps if I imagine he ls there playing it." It is frankly incredulous that the Congress process is extremely complex. Information Rosen, who ls 5 feet 8 and weighs 145 and the Executive should be joining hands comes in fragments, some subject to differ­ pounds, has large hands but says.size doesn't in this bill-and its Senate counterpart-to ing interpretations and some time sensitive. determine who will be a fine celllst. strip the President of his Constitutional pre­ Rarely is the matrix built from fragments "It ls the attitude toward the instrument rogatives in the pursuit of no known con­ ever complete and thus the perennial chal­ that counts. A big man can play small," he structive purpose and at the price of major lenge ls to fill the gaps. The judgment that said. reduction of effectiveness of intelllgence. electronic survelllance ls the appropriate His wife also ls a cellist whom he met in The full substance of our position is set means in any given case can only be made Platlgorsky's classes. Mrs. Rosen ls active as forth in my 15 June testimony before the by those with requisite expertise and data a soloist in the Affiliate Artists program and Senate Select Committee on Intelligence with base. It cannot be made by judges of Special teaches at Carnegie-Mellon University.e respect to S. 2525; and I therefore attach a Courts who have neither the expertise or copy of that testimony. Incorporated therein background knowledge. is the statement of John s. Warner, Legal But our principal concern relates to the Advisor to this Association, before the House standards themselves. Not only must it be GENERAL STILWELL VOICES OB­ Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence shown that the foreign power engages in JECTIONS TO FOREIGN INTELLI­ on January 17, 1978. His testimony is fully clandestine activities in the United States, GENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT consistent with the dissenting views of that it must also be shown that such activities are Committee in its report on H.R. 7308 (Report contrary to the interests of the United 95- 1283, Pt. I, dated June 8, 1978). I want to States. If a foreign power is conducting in­ HON. ROBERT McCLORY place on the record the position of AFIO telligence activities in secret in the United as further endorsing both these dissenting States-and it would not be prudent to as­ OF ILLINOIS views and the substitute bill sponsored by sume that any foreign power is not-surelJ• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. McClory, subject to the latter's modifica­ no one would believe that the motivation tot' Monday, July 10, 1978 tions as outlined hereinafter. such activity is benevolence towards the We note the Committee amendments to United States. The universally accepted • Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, the zeal H.R. 7308 which now permit two classes of meaning of "clandestine intelligence activi­ which is being displayed by several of our surveillance without a judicial warrant. The ties," ls espionage, pure and simple. The con­ Members in behalf of speedy enactment report noted the fact that civil rights of voluted words in the report which attempt of a Foreign Intelligence Electronic Sur­ Americans were not affected and "when to explain this statutory standard result in a weighed against even the incremental risk distortion of the generally understood mean­ veillance Act should nevertheless not to security by including courts in the ap­ ing of words. The requirement as stated in mislead Members into a belief that this proval process .. . the benefits of a warrant the report that the Government must "show measure is without its opponents. requirement were outweighed by its potential that the foreign power has demonstrated A communication directed to the risks." We maintain that this justification some pattern or practice of engaging in clan­ chairman of the House Judiciary Sub­ applies equally to those surveillances involv­ destine intelligence activities in the United committee on Courts, Civil Liberties and ing "foreign powers" and "agent(s) of a for­ States contrary to the interests of the United Administration of Justice from Gen. eign power." The sole difference is that in the States" ls far too restrictive and far too harsh. Richard G. Stilwell, president of the latter ca.~es there may be an inadvertent In effect. it says you can't collect the first overhearing of a "United States person." But or second time such activities occur, but only Association of Former Intelligence Offi­ the same inadvertent overhearing can and if there is a pattern or practice. How many cers, points out the defects and inherent undoubtedly wlll occur where a. judicial war­ times does it take to establish a pattern or dangers in this legislation. rant has issued. The protection of the rights practice? We believe this is absurd. Even 1! Mr. Speaker, some propon~nts of the of Americans is afforded under the "minimi­ it is the first time, let lntelllgence collect! Senate-passed bill contend that virtually zation procedures" which should be applied The wording with respect to these two all of the intelligence community is in with or without a warrant. It is such pro­ matters creates inflexibility and d-enies op­ support of this legislation. Those holding cedures which provide the safeguards, not portunities. Such wording should never be in appointments under President Carter the warrant. a. statute. We believe the collection of intel­ may, indeed, be supporting the Carter There are two additional serious flaws in ligence from foreigners should not be regu­ H.R. 7308 and which are not corrected in Mr. lated in detail by law so long a.s the rights administration position. This is under­ McClory's substitute bill. The first point con­ of Americans are safeguarded. We do not standable. However, General Stilwell, is cerns lack of recognition of the opportunity believe th·e Constitution requires the Execu­ speaking in behalf of 2,500 members of to collect valuable positive foreign intelli- tive to forego collection of needed intelli- July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20019 gence from foreigners in the United States. !zed by John Heimann, U.S. comptroller of W. Trade and N. Church streets, the Southern The Congress should have the wisdom not the currency, under a new interpretative Railway tracks and the Brookshire Express­ to limit the Executive unduly, having in ruling. way. mind the vast responsibility placed on the Subsidiary profits must be reinvested for Rash and his wife Marsha live in Fourth President by the Constitution in the field additional development or used for loans or Ward. of foreign relations and national s·ecurity. grants to nonprofit organizations. "I have been involved in Fourth Ward at If there is any balance to be struck in this Heimann said the NCNB plan fits in with virtually all levels," Rash said. "It is very area, surely it should be struck in favor of President Carter's call for more private in­ much a new challenge for me. I'm very the President, permitting him to have flexi­ vestment in inner-city improvements. gratified to see community acceptance of bility and to seize opportunities to fulfill In his written announcement, McColl said Fourth Ward. I will miss the daily contact his awesome responsibilities. the subsidiary, NCNB Community Develop­ with the university community, however." Just a word concerning the Constitutional ment Corp., plans to acquire and renovate North Carolina National Bank president issue. The injection of the Judiciary into or develop properties and then lease, man­ Hugh L. McColl, Jr., said Rash was chosen the foreign intelligence arena, as this bill age or sell them. Projects could also be un­ because of his ties to Fourth Ward and does, raises profound issues bearing on basic dertaken in other parts of Charlotte and in "proven leadership abilities. Constitutional concepts to which the su­ other cities. "It is essential that NCNB Community preme Court has addressed itself many times. The project will be launched with $250,000 Development Corp. succeed in its efforts and This legal history is reviewed in the attach­ in capital and a line of credit from NCNB, provide incentive for additional private in­ ment to this letter and in the dissenting the state's largest and the nation's 26th vestment and development in the Fourth views on the House Intelligence Committee largest bank. Ward," McColl said. "We believe that, under Report on H.R. 7308. We are aware that many "One of our prime objectives," McColl said, Dennis's leadership, it can accomplish that." witnesses have discussed this area. Therefore, "will be to promote additional private in­ P..ash said the NCNB subsidiary is "a good we shall not dwell on this except to say that vestment and development in the 4th Ward deal more visionary and a bolder step than I to give the Judiciary approval, or disap­ would have visualized two years ago. proval, authority relating to intelligence col­ that is consistent with the city's urban re- · newal and historic district plans.~· "It's designed to fill in between the pri­ lection activities conducted by the Execu­ vate individual and the government." tive against foreigners is simply not con­ The 4th Ward, northwest of Trade and sistent with the Constitution. Tryon streets in downtown Charlotte, was He said the subsidiary's goals a.re "not AFIO stands ready to testify on this most the city's finest residential area at the turn chiseled in stone and concrete yet." serious matter and will be glad to answer of the century. The 78-acre area is being re­ A board of directors will be selected soon. any specific questions the Subcommittee stored primarily for residential use by public The subsidiary, the first of its kind in the may have. The more than 2,500 members of and private investments. nation's banking industry, was launched AFIO are former intelligence professionals. "We believe that 4th Ward represents an with $250,000 in capital and a line of credit. Included are officers thoroughly familiar unusual opportunity to restore a neighbor­ Initial efforts will concentrate on develop­ with all aspects of intelligence activities and hood that affects the quality of life !or our ing middle-income housin~ to get money for many who have spent careers in applying whole community," McColl said. low- and moderate-income housing projects. and interpreting the law with respect to such Initial efforts will focus mainly on devel­ The first pro.1ect hasn't been selected. activities. One such ls Mr. John S. Warner, oping middle-income housing to generate Rash, who holds a bachelor of arts degree former General Counsel of the Central Intel­ money for future projects for low- and ·mod­ from the University of North Carolina at U~ence Aaency who provided th.e ~ubstance erate-income families, he said. Chapel Hill, practiced law in Charlotte for of this !etter. AFIO offers you its full coop­ "We believe that developing housing units five years after graduating from the Univer­ eration and a.~slstance. for middle-income people as provided by the sity of Virginia Law School. Sincerely, urban renewal plan, will attract private in­ He is on the board of directors of the His­ RICHARD G STILWELL, vestment in neighborhood shopping ameni­ torical Preservation Society of North Carolina General, U.S. Army, Retired, President.e ties for central-city residents of all income and ls chairman of the City of Charlotte levels." Housing Task Force, Rash was named Young He cited theaters, art centers, restaurants Man of the Year by the Mecklenburg County and stores as the kinds of development he Jaycees in 1975. INNER CITY BANKING BUSINESS hopes the subsidiary will stimulate. The subsidiary will be governed by a board UPTOWN ACTIVITY-BANK'S PLAN QUICKENS IT of directors, including representatives of the bank, the public and 4th Ward property The Charlotte skyline is impreRsive, but HON. JAMES G. MARTIN the center of the city is not as bustling as it OF NORTH CAROLINA owners. The first project will be selected after the board has been named. might seem from afar. A pedestrian who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NCNB was allowed to create and invest in wanders off Tryon and Trade streets quickly discovers an abundance of vacant land and Monday, July 10, 1978 the subsidiary on the conditions that projects undertaken be mainly of civic, community or an absence of pedestrians. e Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker. I am public interest. that the investment not ex­ The uptown area still lacks the concentra­ proud to call your attention to a first in ceed specified limits and that the investments tions of people and variety of activities American banking. be accounted for appropriately. needed to make it a thriving, vibrant place. I am proud because this innovation McColl quoted Comptroller Heimann say­ It needs people who not only work down­ was born in the Ninth Congressional Dis­ ing, "This is a dramatic illustration of the town, but who live there, take their recrea­ partnership President Carter ls seeking in his tion there and raise children there. trict of North Carolina. It is a program recently announced national urban policy. That's why North Carolina National Bank's in line with President Carter's desires to Only by government and industry working announcement that it plans to form a sub­ halt the decay in our inner city areas. It together nationally and locally will we begin sidiary corporation to promote inner-city is a program which has enthusiastic sup­ to come to grips with the problems of our residential development was especially heart­ port in our community. cities." ening. It promises to go quickly to the heart I call to your attention articles from NCNB and other Charlotte banks also have of what has been a difficult problem. the April 14 edition of the Charlotte provided low-interest mortgage money ·Until now, downtown residential develop­ Observer and the April 20 edition of the through the City of Charlotte for persons ment has been something of a chicken-and­ who want to buy and live in 4th Ward egg dilemma. The housing and amenities Charlotte News. Also, please note an edi­ homes. torial from the Charlotte Observer per­ needed to interest people in living down­ town have awaited the financing needed to taining to this first in the banking and (From the Charlotte News, Apr. 20, 1978) develop them. But the financing to develop finance industry. NCNB NAMES RASH To LEAD INNER-CITY PLAN them has awaited stronger indications that [From the Charlotte Observer, Apr. 14, 1978) (By Whitney Shaw) there was a reliable market !or such housing BANK'S NEW BUSINESS-THE INNER CITY J. Dennis Rash, dean of students at the and amenities. (By Nancy Bra.chey) University of North Carolina at Charlotte As one developer once put it: "Everybody's North CaroUna National Bank (NCNB) since 1970, has been named president of the hanging back, waiting to be the second guy said Thursday it is setting up a new com­ newly formed NCNB Community Develop­ to build downtown residential property." pany-the first of its kind in the United ment Corp. Officials at NCNB sense that the time for States-to help revitalize inner-city residen­ Rash wm step down as dean May l, but will waiting may be over. With the rebirth of tial neighborhoods. become an adjunct assistant professor in 4th Ward, prospects for a downtown neigh­ NCNB President Hugh McColl said the new geography. borhood are much stronger. The old houses subsidiary's first efforts will be in Charlotte's The North Carolina National Bank sub­ being restored there form a nucleus around 4th Ward redevelopment area. sidiary was formed to promote revitalization which other types of residential units­ Under federal regulations, national banks of inner-city residential neighborhoods. It apartments, townhouses, efficiency units, and their subsidiaries generally can't develop will concentrate initially on Charlotte's even high rises-might be developed for real estate. The NCNB subsidiary was author- Fourth Ward, a neighborhood bounded by people in all economic levels. 20020 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 Once under way, such units should stimu­ in the movement remembered him yesterday by, establishing an impediment to Soviet late other investment opportunities for more as an aggressive leader, deliberate yet elo­ incursions in Africa and the Middle East. grocery stores, theaters, barber and beauty quent of speech. In the mid-1950's he was named chairman The editorial follows: shops, hardware stores and all the other THE STALEMATE MusT BE BROKEN amenities that people in an in-town residen­ of employment for the Pittsburgh branch of tial area would need. The NCNB subsidiary the National Association for the Advance­ The House of Representatives is expected would make money available for those ment of Colored People. Later he helped or­ to vote this week on President Carter's pro­ opportunities, too. ganize the Pennsylvania NAACP Labor and posal to lift the arms embargo against Tur­ Normally, federal regulations sharply re­ Industry Committee and served as its chair­ key. A Senate vote will probably come after man. the July 4 recess. strict a bank's ab111ty to develop real estate. His efforts to expand the civil rights move­ Both houses should approve the request. NCNB applied for and got federal authority ment led to a meeting of local black leaders The removal of the arms ban is in the inter­ to go beyond those restrictions. The stipula­ in 1963 who coalesced under the United Ne­ ests of the United States and its allies, in­ tions are that the NCNB subsidiary be a gro Protest Committee (later changed to cluding Greece-which, despite its unhappy publlc-interest corporation. Any profits lt United Black Protest Committee) umbrella. history of confl.ict with Communist insur­ makes must be reinvested in additional Still unsatisfied with progress toward job gency, vigorously supports an embargo that inner-city development or in loans to non­ opportunities for blacks, he later founded weakens Western defenses against a Com­ profit organizations. The subsidiary may de­ Freedom House Enterprises in 1967. Freedom munist military alliance led by Russia. velop property on its own or in conjunction House was chartere~ as a private, nonprofit A full resumption of American arms sup­ with other groups, public or private. tax-exemp·t organization to build up the eco­ plies to Turkey would open the way for a Though plans for the NCNB venture were nomic base in the black community by cre­ just settlement of the Greco-Turkish confl.ict being drawn long before President Carter atin~ black-owned buc::inesses. over Cyprus. As such, the ban's removal announced his national urban policy, the With a grant from the Ford Foundation would serve a humanitarian purpose by pro­ bank's aims fit comfortably within the goals and the Department of Labor, Mr. McCoy's viding an opportunity for permanent settle­ the President suggested. Freedom House founded an ambulance serv­ ment of the 200,000 Greek-Cypriots and the If the project brings about a renewed in­ ice that supplied otherwise unavailable serv­ 35,000 Turkish-Cypriots uprooted by the terest in downtown opportunities by other ice to the Hill District and employed 40 Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 to crush commercial interests, people in significant blacks. a quixotic move by some Greeks to join the numbers may move back into the central city Mr. McCoy also served as board member of island to Greece. faster than anyone thought possible. Then, the Greater Pittsburgh Civic League, Com­ Carter has termed the removal of the arms perhaps, activity at the heart of the city munity Release Agency and Council House ban, imposed in 1974, "the most immediate will again match the drama of the skyline.e Inc. and was vice president of Allegheny and urgent foreign-policy decision to be County Industrial Development Authority. made by the current legislative session ..." Mr. McCoy also had a career in the labor A good place for Congress to test the apt­ movement for more than 30 years. ness of that remark would be on a map of A native of Houston, Texas, he moved to Southern Europe and the Middle East; the JAMES McCOY, JR. Pittsburgh when he was 17 and got his first embargo, though partly lifted since 1975, job in a brickyard in Lawrenceville. Within has dangerously weakened a once-stalwart a couple of years he was working at Conti­ Western ally in one of the most volatile HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD nental Rolling Steel Foundries in Coraopolis, areas of the world. OF PENNSYLVANIA where he became union shop steward and The continuing deterioration of Turkish IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES later president of Local 1904 of the United support !or NATO because of failure to lift Steelworkers. the embargo, dramatized by Turkish Premier Monday, July 10, 1978 In 1948 he was appointed USW staff rel:)re­ Bulent Ecevit's visit to Moscow to cement • Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. sentative of District 20, a post he served in closer relations with Russia, could have until his death. serious effects throughout the region. Speaker, recently the army of citizens At a dinner in his honor sponsored by the Turkey's drift toward Third World neu­ dedicated to equal rights for all Ameri­ NAACP la.st August, he was awarded a cita­ tralism, or possibly even into the Soviet cans lost one of its bravest and most tion of merit by the county Board of Com­ orbit, could be detrimental to both Israel compassionate soldiers. missioners and also received a personal letter and Saudi Arabia.. and to other moderate Pittsburgh's James McCoy, Jr., was of commendation from President Carter. Arab states. Turkey provided considerable an eloquent spokesman for the cause of Mr. McCoy is survived by his wife, Rose; a assistance to the American military supply equal opportunity. He was a black union­ son James Douglas McCoy of Brooklyn. N.Y.; effort to Israel during the 1973 Arab-Israeli a daughter, Patricia. Ann Goodnight of Whea­ war. And U.S. surveillance stations in Tur­ ist who used his position to assist untold ton, Md.; and four grandchildren. key, shut down by Ankara in retaliation for thousands as a labor activist and as a Friends will be received at George A. War­ the embargo, provided vital information on member of several community-based den Funeral Home, 1100 N. Homewood Ave., what the Russians were up to during the self-help organizations. Homewood, from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 p.m. today war. Jim McCoy's involvement in the civil and tomorrow. A reduction of Western infl.uence in the rights movement spanned three decades. Mass of Christian burial will be celebrated region throu!?h further deterioration of at 11 a.m. Friday in Corpus Christi Church, Turkey's NATO role poses a threat to the He was a man I was proud to call my vital oil supply llnes in the Middle East, friend and he is somebody who will be 1550 Lincoln Ave ., with the Rev. Donald Mc­ Ilvane officiating. and may embolden the Soviet Union to try missed greatly by the Pittsburgh com­ further adventures in Africa. munity. Burial will be in Mount Carmel Cemetery. If such strategic considerations cannot I would like to include in the RECORD Penn Hills.e convince Cone;ress to lift the embargo, its members should consider other implications at this time an article noting his death, of Carter's request. which appeared in the Pittsburgh Post Turkey did indeed violate agreements pro­ Gazette: THE EMBARGO STALEMATE hibiting recipients of U.S. mmtary aid from JAMES McCOY, JR., LEADER IN CIVIL RIGHTS, using such aid for other than defensive LABOR purposes. A number of other recipients have James McCoy, Jr., a prominent voice in the done the same-including Pakistan in the civil rights movement in Pittsburgh in the HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO 1971 Pakistan-Indian war, Israel in its in­ 1960s, died Monday night in West Penn Hos­ OF CALIFORNIA vasion of Lebanon, France in Algeria and in pital. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Indochina., and Britain and France in the Mr. McCoy, 58, of 7261 Lemington Ave. had 1956 Suez fiasco. Monday, July 10, 1978 Yet Turkey is the onlv country to be em­ been ill since he suffered a stroke in October barp:oed for its misuse of American weapons. 1976. e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I That embargo was imposed by Congress to Dedicated to the ca.use of eoual opportuni­ would like to bring to the attention of pressure Turkey into surrendering territory ties for blacks in jobs and housing through­ my colleagues an editorial which ap­ that it had conquered in the Cyprus out his life, he was best known a.s the found­ peared in the Los Angeles Times June invasion. er of the United Black Protest Committee, 26, 1978. This editorial is of interest be­ Such pressure has been clearly counter­ an umbrella izrouo of civil rights organiza­ cause it summarizes the benefits whi -h prod ucti ve; there has been no significant tions here, and of Freedom House Enterprises movement toward a Cyprus settlement. Inc. · would follow from congressional repeal of the arms embargo against Turkey. In the face of growing Soviet military Mr. McC9y became involved in the civil mie:ht and adventurism, the West c through removal of the arms philosophy of nonviolent protest, co-workers bolstering NATO's southern flank; there- embargo against Turkey.e July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20021 LET US KEEP OUR PERSPECTIVE spaces in the United States. Some of the young people through a most c.ompre­ places we visited were uncomfortably hensive community college offering as­ crowded, their people living much too close sociate degree and certificate programs HON. NORMAN F. LENT to each other in the cities, and their farmers and off-campus courses in the munici­ OF NEW YORK trying to raise a crop on dwarf-size plots. Flying overhead one also is impressed with palities of Passaic, Pompton Lakes, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the vast areas of barren land. Parts of the Wayne, and West Milford, N.J. The com­ Monday, July 10, 1978 American West come in that category, but pletion of the new educomplex will pro­ most of this country can be cultivated and vide a theater, gymnasium, an academic • Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, I would like is well-timbered. building, an expanded library, food to call to the attention of my colleagues Small wonder foreigners like to visit this services area, and a student activity area. an editorial which appeared recently in country and come away wit::i many favorable on campus. This new era in the annals the Merrick Life and several of its as­ impressions. We Americans have reason to be of the college will also include six uew sociate weeklies on Long Island, includ­ pleased, but to stay ahead we must also con­ programs in marketing, retailing, bank­ ing the Bellmore Life and the Wantagh­ centrate on what needs improvement.e ing/finance, data processing, child care, Seaford Citizen. The editorial is a gentle and police science. Current enrollment but very important reminder that we totals 1,500 students. live in a wonderful country. Sometimes In observance of the expansion of its we tend to for get that, when we are too CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO THE facilities and plateau of- achievement in preoccupied with our own problems, or PASSAIC COUNTY COMMUNITY the college's history, the administrators, too worried about this or that domestic COLLEGE, PATERSON, N.J. faculty, and students have been busily or international crisis. I commend the engaged in devising an outstanding pro­ editors and puhi.ishers of the Merrick gram and seeking full citizens participa­ Life and associated newspapers for re­ HON. ROBERT A. ROE tion in the dedication of the new edu­ minding us that with all of our problems, OF NEW JERSEY complex. This week the campus is the Americans can take pride in their accom­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES center of a beehive of activities in com­ plishments and can count many, many Monday, July 10, 1978 memoration of the college's historic be­ blessings. ginnings and outstanding achievements The editorial follows: • Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, on Saturday, to date. I am proud and honored to have KEEPING THE PERSPECTIVE July 15, residents of my congressional been selected to share in this most excit­ It ls nice to be away, but nicer to get home, district, State of New Jersey, will assem­ ing event and have my name inscribed on people often say. After visiting five countries ble for the dedication of the new edu­ the permanent dedication plaque in rec­ during the month of May, we are tempted complex of the Passaic County Com­ to join in that chorus. For all its shortcom­ munity College, a young, thriving aca­ ognition of my participation in the ings, the United States, as we all know, has demic facility in our State which was establishment of the Passaic County a lot to recommend it. chartered a decade ago, accepted its first Community College. With your permis­ That goes for material wealth. Americans sion, I would like to insert at this point have every reason to feel that taxes are students in October 1971, graduated its in our historic journal of Congress the going up too fast. Yet, when all is said and first class in June 1973, and this past program setting forth the festivities that done, the same oppressed taxpayers live bet­ month achieved full accreditation of the are planned in observance of the dedica­ ter than most others and better than ln the Commission on Higher Education of the tion of the new educomplex, as follows: U.S.A. 25 years ago. So, while lt ls desirable Middle States Association. to work to keep taxes down, we are stlll way DEDICATION WEEK ACTIVITIES ahead ln living standards. A trip abroad can At the outset let me commend to you Monday, July 10-Gulded tours, Art Ex­ help put things in perspective. Yes, there the diligence, foresight, and hard work hibit, Career Day Display. are things here that should be improved and that has been extended by the board of Tuesday, July 11-Martial Arts Club, "An yes, public bodies should avoid waste like chosen freeholders of Passaic County and Exhibition of the Martial Arts": Art Exhibit, the plague, but, in the final analysis, Ameri­ the board of trustees of Passaic County Career Day Display. cans have used their natural resources, their Community College under the able di­ Wednesday, July 12-Learning Theater labor and ingenuity to pretty good ad­ rection of the Honorable Gustavo A. "Anansi Looks for Trouble," Guided tours, vantage-and been able to help others in the Mellander, president of the college in ex­ Dance Theater Ensemble of Passaic County process. tending the highest standards of excel­ Community College, "4 Woman: Dance Inter­ The United States also comes out well pretation," "The Wiz-Finale" Dance, "The when we consider human conditions. This lence which has enabled them to achieve Feeling We Once Had" Song. country does not have political prisoners or distinguished academic recognition in Friday, July 14-Concert dedicated to Pas­ detainees. Other countriea do, and we saw the world o.f established and respected saic County Board of Chosen Freeholders; newspaper editorials explain that the issue is colleges and universities. The current Ars Nova Chorale & Orchestra, John Caprio not so simple, that it is not realistic to ex­ roster of these exemplary community conducting. Beethoven's "First Symphony in pect a general amnesty. The fact of the mat­ leaders and highly reputable citizens of C Major," "Dedication"-Richard Lane. ter is that while most countries do have some our State is, as follows: DEDICATION DAY PROGRAM, SATURDAY, JULY 15 sort of an elected legislative body, its influ­ 0 National Anthem. BOARD OF CHOSEN FREE1j.Dl2rJE1rS -- ence is sometimes limited and the election Invocation-Father Paul Knauer, Our Lady process questionable. The Honorable: Edwar.d G. O'Byrne, Di­ of Victories Church. All the countries we visited seemed to have rector, Joseph L. Bubba, Louise Friedman, Welcome-Dr. Gustavo A. Menander, Pres­ a flourishing press, although we could only S. M. Terry La Corte, James W. Roe, Joseph R. ident, Passaic County Community College: read the limited number of English language Russo, Cyril Yannarelli, and Ralph P. Gam­ Remarks-The Honorable Edward G. newspapers. Several countries have a multi­ batese, Clerk of the Board. O'Byrne, Freeholder Director, Passaic County. tude of relatively small newspapers, circula­ BOARD OF TRUSTEES The Honorable Manuel F. Lagos, Chairman, tlonwise, rather than the morning and eve­ The Honorable: Manuel F. Lagos, Chair­ Board of Trustees, Passaic County Commu­ ning newspaper setup, now found ln so many man, Arthur M. Zuckerman, Vice Chairman, nity College. U.S. cities. The freedom of the press is some­ Dr. Gustavo A. Menander, Secretary, Ronald The Honorable Frank X. Graves, Jr., New times m question. We noticed lively letters to J. Frederick, Alexander J. Krenlcki, Marion Jersey State Senator. the editor expressing strong opinions, and Mitchell, Wllliam J. PaS"crell, Jr., Frank A. The Honorable Lawrence F. Kramer, Mayor editorials that were critical of governmental Pecci, Gustave F. Perna, Joseph A. Russo, of Paterson. bodies, but mostly limited to criticism of bu­ and Francis R. Giardiello, Counsel. The Honorable Robert A. Roe, Member of reaucratic waste. The tendency to wasteful­ Congress. ness must be universal! In Iran, such an edi­ Mr. Speaker, it is my firm belief that Musical Selection-William Hardy. torial opened deferentially with a bow to the the cultural, historical, and economic Dedication Address-Dr. Edward D. Gold­ Shah who was said to have initiated a cam­ achievements, even the basic health, berg, Director, Community College Programs, paign for greater prudence in governmental well-being, and longevity of a State and N.J. Department of Higher Education. spending. Criticism of government policies, Nation depend in a large measure upon Benediction-Rev. Albert P. Rowe, Calvary such as is commonplace in the United States, Baptist Church. was limited, judging from our brief sampling. how well we educate each generation Perhaps our lawmakers and administrators charged with the trust of carrying out Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the opportu­ would like a little less criticism. The fact that its responsibilities and traditions. Since nity to call this most historic event that it is freely exercised, however, mounts up its inception the Passaic County Com­ is taking place in my congressional dis­ to a big plus for the United States. munity College has sought to provide a trict to the attenion of you and our col­ One also learns to apprecidte the wide-open substantive learning experience for cur leagues and know you will want to join 20022 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 with me in extending our heartiest con­ As one who has been in the forefront (CUT) crusade, and your income tax could gratulations and best of wishes to of the tax reduction campaign for years, be slashed from 33 to 90 percent. Dr. Mellander, the fr-eeholders, the offering a general way to proceed and a Under the Roth-Kemp blll, the long-suf­ fering American taxpayer would finally get trustees, the faculty and students of specific bill to accomplish it, I support · a break. Starting next year, each income Passaic County Community College. As what these people, our working Ameri­ earner would have his tax rate cut by an they dedicate the expansion of their cans, are trying to do. equal amount for three years, until nearly prestigious "place of learning,'' we do in­ I hope they are success! ul in showing everybody's taxes are reduced at least 33 per­ deed salute the Passaic County Commu­ our elected officials that taxes, especially cent. (See chart at end of story.) nity College in its constant quest to pro­ tax rates, must be reduced and per­ Coupled with California's history-making vide the highest standards of education manently. Proposition 13, the measure could become which has and will continue to enrich The Enquirer's announcement of their the second half of a powerful one-two punch the quality of life and way of life for all intentions, as well as supporting evi­ that wlll kayo high taxation, stop waste­ and put more dollars back into your pocket. of our people.• dence for why we need tax reductions, "When fully effective," said Sen. Wllliam follows: V. Roth Jr. (R.-Del.), coauthor of the tax­ ENQUmER WILL CHAMPION AMERICA'S GROW­ cutting measure, "it would reduce the tax ING TAX REVOLT burden of a family of four earning $8,000 by THE NATIONAL ENQUIRER; "ONLY When Californians voted overwhelmingly 90 percent; a family earning $10,000 by 51 PEOPLE CAN DECIDE WHERE WE in favor of Proposition 13, they triggered a percent; a family earning $15,000 by 39 per­ ARE ON THE LAFFER CURVE" tax revolt that is blazing across America. cent, and a family earning $20,000 by 36 per­ And the Enquirer is charging right to the cent." forefront of the onslaught. Only a tiny number of taxpayers, those HON. JACK F. KEMP Beginning with this issue, we wlll arm you in the highest income brackets, would get a OF NEW YORK with facts, figures and articles to help in tax reduction of less than 33 percent. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES your assault against insane taxes, vicious Last March 15, the measure was voted on inflation and wild government spending. We Monday, July 10, 1978 by the House of Representatives and got 194 will even plot an ongoing battle plan of ac­ votes, fa111ng by only a slim margin. If only e Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, one of the tion. One of our first tactics ls for you to 12 congressmen had switched their votes to sign the Enquirer's petition which will be "yes,'' it would have passed. debates raging in the economic com­ delivered right to the doors of government. munity today-in the wake of the over­ In the coming weeks you'll learn in our This summer, the tax-cut measure comes whelming victory of the Jarvis-Gann pages how grass roots groups have success­ up for another vote-and this time you can amendment, proposition 13, in California fully organized drives that cut taxes and in­ put the heat on the bloodsucking politi­ last month-is whether the people are fluenced politicians. We'll give you a state­ cians who've been throwing your hard-earned really being taxed too heavily. by-state report of how the tax revolt is dollars down the government-waste rathole. Economists who oppose tax reductions faring. Where can you go to join the move­ Let's give those tax-crazy fat cats some ment? We'll tell you. Who are your friends incentive to vote for the Roth-Kemp pro­ say that the people are not being taxed and enemies in Congress? We'll list the posal-let them know that you demand a too much. They say Americans have one names of the congressmen voting for tax cuts tax cut NOW, by becoming a fighting member of the lowest rates of taxation of any of and those voting against. of The Enquirer's Cut crusade. the industrialized countries. When the And there'll be so much more to read. "This ls a people's crusade-demand relief question comes up, are we in such a high Throughout this growing tax revolt, the from this tax oppression," Rep. Jack Kemp range of taxes that revenues to govern­ Enquirer wlll be fighting on all fronts with (R.-N.Y.), coauthor of the measure, urged ment are actually in a decline, they say a barrage of hard-hitting, eye-opening the Enquirer's vast family of readers. we are not. articles. In a future issue of the Enquirer, we wlll I have an answer to that. Let us let the publish the names of all congressmen who HELP FORCE CONGRESS TO PASS BILL SLASHING vote for and against the tax-cut amend­ people decide where they are on the Laf­ INCOME TAX UP TO 90% fer Curve, the curve which shows the ment. Then you can do your part-by relationship between the rates of taxa­ (By Thomas Kuncl) throwing out of office in November the po­ tion and the extent of revenue collected Fed up with the federal income tax rip­ litical hacks who voted against giving Amer­ by various levels of government. off? Join the Enquirer's Cut Unfair Taxes icans a much-needed tax break. I believe in what Abraham Lincoln Impact of Roth-Kemp Amendment on Family of Four said, that this must be a Government of the people, by the people, and for the Present tax Proposed tax people. after average after average Why should our national policies be standard standard fashioned by economists? Income before deductions deductions deductions Tax cut Percent cut Why should our national policies be fashioned by politicans who are out of step with people? $8,000 ------$120 $12 $108 90 I think the people should decide $10,000 ------446 218 228 51 whether they are being taxed too much $12,500 ------917 539 378 41 $15,000 ------1,330 811 519 39 as in fact they do. That is why I was $17,500 ------1,745 1,092 653 37 pleased to learn of the National En­ $20,000 ------2, 180 1,388 792 36 quirer's decision to help lead the national $25,000 ------3,150 2,047 1, 103 35 fight to show what the people think $30,000 ------4,232 2,781 1,451 34 about their present and future tax bur- $35,000 ------5,464 3,589 1,875 33 dens. · $40,000 ------6,848 4,512 2,336 33 According to a two-page article in its July 11 edition, the Enquirer is going to SHOCKING FACTS! and child in the U.S.-and that adds up to champion America's growing tax revolt. (By Dick Robinson) more than 215 m1llion people. The Enquirer is one of the largest cir­ The average American family paid a back­ It might not be so bad if federal spend­ culation publications in the United breaking $7,737 in federal, state and local thrifts were all the taxpayers had to cope States. It is read weekly by millions. It taxes in 1977, according to the Tax Founda­ with-but state and local politicians also is read in every State and in every con­ tion Inc., and that figure wlll go even higher have their hands in his pocket. gressional district. in 1978. According to the Tax Foundation Inc., Despite these shocking facts, high rollers every cent the average man earns between The Enquirer is gearing up a petition in Washington will spend $177 billion more January 1 and May 6 each year goes to pay campaign directed at elected officials than they collect in taxes during the three­ federal, state and local taxes. To put it an­ at all levels-including the President and year period of 1976-78-more money than other way-34 cents out of every dollar you the Congress. We can rest assured that it took to run the country from 1789 to 1941. earn goes to the federal, state or local gov­ we will be deluged with these petitions. If these figures boggle your mind, look at ernment. Or look at it this way: For every And we can rest assured we had better it this way: The federal tax burden for 1978 eight hours you work, 2 hours and 45 min­ have an answer. will amount to $1,784 for every man, woman utes are spent earning money to pay taxes. July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20023

Compare this to the 2 hours and 32 min - Where it goes: fully support what the National Enquirer is utes you must work to pay for food and hous­ Payments to taxpayers (Social Security, doing," said Rep. Jim Mattox (D.-Tex.). ing combined. unemployment, Medicare, Medicaid, food "Keep the pressure on. Hold the public offi­ Between 1967 and 1977, state and local stamps, housing), 37 cents. cials' feet to the grindstone." income taxes skyrocketed 392 percent; state National defense (Department of Defense, William Bonner, executive director of the and local nonproperty taxes-including sales Atomic Energy Commission, military retire­ National Taxpayers Union, based in Wash­ taxes-jumped 222 percent, and property ment), 24 cents. ington, D.C., added: "I urge everyone to get taxes shot up 139 percent. Federal grants (airports, highways, urban behind the Enquirer's movement. Politicians Wasteful spending is partly to blame for mass transit, natural resources, environmen­ should be made aware that the public de­ the colossal tax increases, but another rea­ tal protection), 17 cents. mands that taxes be cut-if they want to re­ son is the ever-increasing number of govern­ Federal obligations (internal revenue, med­ main in office."e ment employees. The Tax Foundation Inc. ical research, FHA, foreign aid), 14 cents. says that the number of federal, state and Interest on public debt, 8 cents. local government employees climbed from 13.1 million in 1966 to 15.4 million in 1976, You CAN CUT UNFAIR TAXES INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT while their salaries shot up from $78 billion You're mad as hell. SURVEY ACT to $187 billion during the same period. You're up against the wall, helpless as mounting taxes slowly break your back. GOVERNMENT BUDGET CAN BE CUT SAFELY, And you couldn't do a. damn thing about SAY TOP SENATORS it--untn now. HON. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE (By Maury M. Breecher) Now you are going to stop the insane, OF KENTUCKY Our runaway federal budget could be vicious tax spiral--stop wild government IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spending. drastically cut without causing hardship or Monday, July 10, 1978 hunger for a single American-and without You-and the Enquirer-are going to send throwing our economy into chaos, declare the politicians a simple message: Cut our • Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, ranking U.S. senators. taxes ... Cut spending ... and do it be­ on June 28 the House voted, with my sup­ "There are many ways in which cuts could fore the November elections, or: "You're port, 344 to 54, to pass H.R. 12589, the In­ be achieved," Sen. Harry Byrd (Ind.-Va.) said. fired!" ternational Investment Survey Act "We c-an eliminate waste, inefficiency and It's a message that's been long overdue. Amendments of 1978. extravagance that exist in virtually all agen­ It's as loud and clear as the message Cali­ cies. fornians sent their state officials with Prop­ Two years ago, Mr. Speaker, on Sep­ "We can reduce spending by reducing osition 13. tember 21, 1976, I supported the original the number of government employees, by Now you are going to put a scare into the bill, s. 2839, the International Invest­ cutting foreign aid 75 percent-and by a bloodsucking politicians. ment Survey Act, which passed the House general belt-tightening in government. We You are giving fair warning to the fat cats by a large majority, 330 to 18, which was must stop going into new programs and we who begged for your votes-then bleed you designed to assist the President to collect must eliminate those that are outdated, out­ dry-that come November, you're going to data on a comprehensive and regular moded or aren't serving their purpose." cut their political throats. And Sens. Carl Curtis (R.-Nebr.) and You can do it. Believe it . . . just as you basis on international investment, to Robert Dole (R.-Kan.) add that no one would believe in this great country of ours. conduct periodic surveys of both foreign suffer-and the nation's defenses would still So get scared, Mr. Politican. Cut . . . direct investment in the United States, be solid-if the fat were chopped from the Cut ... Cut ... or we'll give your job to including agricultural land and other budget. somebody else. real property. "Officials in government bureaus have al­ Because now you're facing a nationwide ground swell of popular opinion called Mr. Speaker, the 1978 amendments in­ ways been saying our budget is uncontroll­ corporated in H.R. 12589 would, among able. But the budget can be cut," Sen. Curtis "Cut"-cut unfair taxes. insisted. It's the Enquirer's drive to weld millions other provisions, extend the deadline for Added Sen. Dole: "You can cut it without of Americans into an unstoppable jugger­ submission by the Department of Agri­ doing any real harm to services that Ameri­ naut of good old political clout. culture of its study on the feasibility of cans need and want." "Cut" will collect the signatures of mil­ establishing a permanent system to Only a. fool could fail to see how the lions of Americans-and wave them right monitor foreign investment in U.S. real spendthrifts in power are blowing the billions under the politicians' noses. And every En­ estate to October 1979 from October 1978 they take in. Last year, The ENQUIRER alone quirer reader-and their friends-will be with only an interim report required in exposed a whopping $23 billion in govern­ sending a. vote to cut ta.xes and spending ment waste-including $14 billion in just when they sign the petition coupon on the October 1978. one federal agency, the Army Corps of Engi­ facing page. I am keenly interested in this provision neers. Come on, fellow Americans. We're not ask­ of the bill in light of the June 20 public That $23 billion a.mounts to $310.39 for ing you to get mad. You are mad. And here's hearings conducted by the Subcommittee every one of America's 74.1 million house­ your chance to show the big soenders that on Family Farms, Rural Development holds-and $310.39 can buy a lot of groceries. they're not going to drain our llreblood any­ and Special Studies of the House Agri­ Your tax money is being squandered in more. Your signature is a black-and-white culture Committee on which I serve, re­ such ludicrous ways that it's almost unbe­ message that says: lievable. For example, bureaucrats blew a. "Cut" by November--or You're fired! garding implications of foreign invest­ staggering $60,100 on a study to find out why ment on U.S. family farms and rural Philadelphia.ns talk differently. Since the LEADERS PRAISE ENQUIRER'S TAX communities. The witnesses we heard average middle-income family pays about REVOLT CAMPAIGN that day all agreed that there is a $2,200 in federal income taxes with standard (By Tom Smith) distinct lack of data regarding the extent deductions, it would take them about 27 Spokesmen for taxpayer organizations and of foreign investment in the United years to pay for that one stupid grant­ members of Congress heaped praise on the States. and thousands of such asinine expenditures Enquirer's crusade to carry the torch of tax are be·ing made. Accordingly, and in order to expand But Sen. Curtis says that if taxpayers gripe revolt across America.. the range of public debate, I introduced "Hooray !or the Enquirer!" exclaimed a draft bill on June 19, H.R. 13128, with loudly, Congress will be forced to act to slash Howard Jarvis, co-leader of California's Prop­ the monstrous waste. "If they don't, the osition 13 movement. remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, voters have a remedy a.t the ballot box." "I like the Enquirer's idea-to get politi­ designed to prohibit future foreign in­ THE BUDGET DOLLAR cians to push through a tax amendment bill vestment in U.S. agricultural land and (Fiscal year 1979, estimated) before November, or else get voted out of of­ require present foreign investors to re­ Where it comes from: fice," said Jarvis, of Los Angeles. "It's them or us. port and register their investments. I Personal income taxes, 38 cents. understand from the subcommittee staff Social security and unemployment taxes, "The Enquirer campaign can take it right 28 cents. to Congress' doorstep and tell them: 'Do that mark up of this and similarly related Corporation and business income taxes, something, or you're going to be out!'" bills will begin on July 20. 13 cents. Sen. Robert Dole (R.-Kans.) declared: "I I wish to point out that over 5 million Sale of government bonds and securities, think the Enquirer is performing a service acres are lost each year to nonagricul­ 12 cents. not only for the American people, but also ture uses. One million is prime farm­ Excise taxes (gasoline, alcohol, airport for those of us in government who are given taxes), 5 cents. the responsibility to deal with this prob­ land lost to urban sprawl, highway and Other (import duties, estate and gi!t tax­ lem." water development and other develoP­ es), 4 cents. Another member of Congress agreed. "I mental, nonagricultural uses; blacktop 20024 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 and cement coverage of prime farmland. I am pleased to bring this fine article and price fixing"-a revival of the old inter­ The United States has only 111 million to the- attention of my colleagues: ns. tional steel cartel. acres of high- to medium-quality land CURRENT COST-PUSH INFLATION POLITICAL­ This time relief came in- the form of the trigger price system, administered by the U.S. available to add to the approximately EcONOMIC PROBLEM Treasury. Announced on Dec. 6, 1977, this 400 million acres now forming cropland (By Walter Adams) was a. thinly veiled scheme to put a floor base. Of the 111 million acres, only The foremost economic problem of the under the price of imported steel, and thus about 24 million acres could be imme­ day-i~l the United States· as well as the in­ to liberate the domestic industry to resume cliately brought into production, leaving dustrial nations of the West--is how to con­ its price escalation game. Not surprisingly, 87 million acres in need of significant trol inflation without precipitating intoler­ one day after the announcement of the conservation practices before production able levels of unemployment. trigger price system, on Dec. 7, the industry could begin. It is a problem not in economics, but in said it would raise prices an average of 5.5 political economy. percent a.cross the board. This increase was In addition, nine States-Connecticut, The purveyors of conventional economic followed by a further price rise of 1.1 percent Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missis­ wisdom have been of little help to policy in April 1978. sippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hamp­ makers. Immobilized by the specter of the These increases, which have been variously shire, and Oklahoma-have laws that Phillips Curve-the "inevitable" trade-off estimated to cost the economy from $1 .bil­ generally prohibit, or restrict in a major between the twin goals of full employment lion to $6 billion annually, were only the be­ way, individual alien investors residing and price stability-orthodox conservatives ginning of a predestined scenario. On May 8, outside the United States from owning and orthodox liberals have joined in a desul­ 1978, the Treasury struck again. It announced real estate in their names. Most of these tory debate on the precise specifications for that trigger prices would be increased: 5.5 an "optimum" monetary-fiscal policy. percent on sheet, plate, wire and cold fin­ States have some exceptions to the gen­ Conservatives, at the margin, prefer to ished bars; 13.9 percent on angles; 14 percent eral provisions on nonresident aliens, fight inflation. Liberals, at the margin, pre­ on reinforcing bars, and 14.5 percent on fiat and some have limitations on ownership fer to fight unemployment. On this they bars. In short, while ceremonially wringing of land by resident aliens. Twenty-five agree: We must choose one or the other; we its hands about wage-price inflation, the States have no restrictions on alien can't have both at the same time. They act, government itself provided the indispensable ownership of U.S. farmlands. as if the problem can be dealt with by using mechanism for validating the inflationary My home State of Kentucky permits "Macroeconomic" tools such as tax cuts, price increases engineered by a basic indus­ only those aliens who have declared tighter or looser interest rates and the crea­ try in blissful cooperation with its compliant. their intention to become U.S. citizens tion of budget deficits or surpluses. trade union. Neither conservatives nor liberals seem to No monetary fiscal policy-whether "con-· to acquire land in any manner, but they recognize that the current inflation is not a servative" or "liberal"-can cope with this may lose their right to the land if they classical demand-pull inflation, and that kind of inflation. Nor can jawboning, imple­ do not become citizens within 8 years. monetary-fiscal policy is, therefore, not ~he mented by a toothless tiger. Nor can price­ Apparently, other aliens, including non­ aporopriate remedy. and-wage controls if they a.re administered resident aliens, may acquire land only In fa.ct, the current inflation is a cost-push by a pusillanimous administration that !ea.rs by inheritance and may hold it for only inflation. fueled by an unchecked price-wage the constant threat of political blackmail 8 years. An alien who resides in Ken­ spiral, a.nd reflecting deep-seated structural and that tries desperately to inspire business tucky may take and hold land for the imperfections in the economy. The current confidence by acceding to protectionist pres­ purpose of a residence or business for inflation is as much a. political as an eco­ sures. nomic problem of unbridled power concen­ There is a better way, A government intent a period not to exceed 20 years. This trations. It is the result of a. power grab by on controlling cost-push inflation and curb­ can be found in our Kentucky revised highly organized vested interests for a larger ing the voracious appetite of special inter­ statutes annotated, sections 381.290, share of a. fixed pie--or a. pie growing more ests would dispense with moral suasion and, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330 and 2.71 A.705(1). slowly than the combined appetites of the instead, mobilize the forces of market com­ interests which desire to devour it. It is the petition. I therefore commend the Congress in result of private power plays that the govern­ voting for H.R. 12589 as indicating its ment does little to countervail, and much First, it would remove the artificial re­ strong desire to finally discover the true to reinforce. straints on import competition in basic items like steel, consumer durables like television extent of foreign investment in U.S. Steel is a. case in point. This industry was agricultural land.• receivers, consumer necessities like shoes and the prime mover in virtually every cost-push food Items like meat, sugar and dairy prod­ inflation since World War II. A cozy oligop­ ucts. While such import competition may ex­ oly, immune from intramural competition, acerbate unemployment in the short run, tt the industry pursued a. price policy flexible would also stimulate the affected industries FIGHTI1'TG COST-PUSH INFLATION in only one direction-upward. to do what they must to survive and pros­ Starting with the long strike of 1959, how­ per-Le., to cut costs and to foster innovation ever, burgeoning imports began to moderate in order to become more efficient and hence HON. BOB CARR the industry's penchant for price escalation. more competitive. There is no inherent rea­ OF MICHIGAN Between Jan. 1, 1960 and Dec. 31, 1968- son for the inability of American industry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thanks largely to import competition-the to survive without government protection; composite steel price index increased by an witness the recent decisions by the Japanese Monday, July 10, 1978 average of only 0.45 points annually. The and Germans to set up production facilities •Mr. CARR. Mr. Speaker, I am insert­ industry deemed this pressure intolerable, in this country. and mounted a. political campaign for gov­ Second, it would overhaul that part of its ing in the RECORD at this time a very ,ernment protection against import com­ thoughtful article by Walter Adams, a regulatory apparatus (trucking, airlines, petition. communications, etc.) which shields estab­ professor of economics at. and former Relief came when-with the help of the lished firms from competition rather than president of, Michigan State University. State Department-foreig-n producers a.greed protecting consumers against exploitation. This article appeared in both the Lan­ to a "voluntary" restraint agreement on im­ It would dismantle those federal protector­ sing State Journal and the Washington ports into the United States. As a. result, ates which live in a cozy world of cost-plus, Post on Sunday, June 4, 1978. while this agreement was in effect between safely immunized from the specter of com­ Professor Adams notes that our cur­ Jan. 1, 1969, and Dec. 31, 1972, the composite petition, efficiency and innovation. Witness steel index rose by an average of 6.67 points what has already been accomplished in the rent inflation is cost-push rather than annually-a. rate 14 times greater than dur­ airline industry by the mere threat of dereg­ demand-pull, so that traditional :fiscal ing the previous nine years of unrestrained ulation and by the Civil Aeronautics Board's policies, whether conservative or liberal, import competition! new policy of encouraging route and price can do nothing to :fight it. Rather, he After the restraint agreement was aban­ competition. states that we must turn our attention doned-largely because of a. Consumers Finally, it would turn to vigorous antitrust toward mobilizing the forces of market Union court challenge-the steel industry, cnforcement--criminal and civil-to remove competition. To that end, he argues that with the active support of the United Steel t.hose trade restraints that impede the work­ Workers, continued to press the government we should remove artificial restraints on for import quotas, "orderly marketing agree­ ings or effective competition. In the process, import competition, overhaul those reg­ ments" and other protection measures to government might discover what Adam ulatory structures which shield firms neutralize import competition. In the words Smith understood 200 years ago--that com­ from competition, and vigorously en­ or The Wall Street Journal, the industry was petition is a. mighty weapon In defense of force our antitrust laws. really "angling for worldwide market rigging the public interest.e July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20025 POACHING IN ACADEMIC ing" involved in this planning has the ear­ I would say then to the officials of our PRESERVES marks of an all-pervasive authority which government, we want to work with you in would permit federal invasion of any and all this common enterprise. But you must not areas of university operation. take away from our faculties the prerogative HON. JAMES G. MARTIN CONTRADICTIONS . . . of determining curriculum. you must not OF NORTH CAROLINA Such moves make us wonder if HEW of­ choose what books we shall put on our li­ ficials have forgotten the clear intent of the braries-or what books we shall not; you IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Higher Education Act of 1965, which pro­ must not say who is to teach or what is to be Monday, July 10, 1978 vided that "nothing contained in this Act taught. You must not attempt to run our shall be construed to authorize any depart­ colleges and universities.e • Mr. MARTIN of North Carolina. Mr. ment, agency, otncer or employe of the Speaker, the recent controversy between United States to exercise any direction, su­ HEW and the University of North Caro­ pervision, or control over the curriculum, lina brought little in the way of reaction program of instruction, administration, or THE HOME AS AN ACADEMY FOR from the U.S. academic community. In personnel of any educational institution, or LEARNING fact, academicians were silent. A recent over the selection of library resources." speech by Dr. Samuel Spencer, president How can this language possibly be rec­ of Davidson College, broke the silence. onciled with an order by the Otnce of Civil HON. BRUCE F. VENTO Rights to a college to make its admission OF MINNESOTA He delivered a thoughtful analysis which standards "more flexible"? (Does anyone explored broader ramifications of the doubt that "more flexible" means "lower"?) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dangerous trend toward Federal en­ How can it be reconciled with the state­ Monday, July 10, 1978 croachment on higher education. ment of an OCR official that he would be President Spencer calls to our atten­ quite prepared to order a college to institute • Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, the reau­ an ethnic studies program if he considered thorization of the Elementary and Sec­ tion what HEW and the courts have this necessary to increase the enrollment of ondary Education Act will be considered overlooked about the clear intent of the minority students? this week. During its consideration I Higher Education Act of 1965, which pro­ Or with another official's insistence, later intend to offer an amendment to allow vided that "nothing contained in this act retracted, that a university program's lan­ title IV funds to be used to develop early shall be construed to authorize any de­ guage requirement be dropped in order to childhood and family education pro­ partment, agency, officer or employee of open the admissions door more widely? Or with a compliance team's directive that grams. Current language in H.R. 15 au­ the United States to exercise any direc­ thorizes the use of title IV funds for tion, supervision, or control over the a college increase its library holdings in books related to minority experience? Or parenting education. This amendment curriculum, program of instruction, ad­ with the forced reinstatement by govern­ will expand the programs available to ministration, or personnel of any educa­ ment of staff members who had been released parents and include direct services to tional institution, or over the selection by a nearly bankrupt college because of fi­ children. of library sources." nancial distress? HEW directives, now being issued in A similar program was established in Can we be so blind as to ignore th8 possible Minnesota in 1974. While it was a very the name of racial balance, constitute consequence of even the beginnings of gov­ precisely such interference. ernment dictation of faculty appointments, modest beginning, the growth of early Excerpts of President Spencer's speech curriculum, and library resources? Can we childhood and family education pro­ have been printed in the Charlotte News not see the parallel between this and the grams has been steady. Initial legisla­ means employed by the Nazis when they tion authorized up to 12 pilot projects. and Greensboro Daily News in North perverted the universities of Germany to Since the 1975-76 school year, that num­ Carolina. I want to call to your attention their own racist ends? ber has risen to 50. These programs have and that of the House President Spen­ Now once again in East Berlin, this time enjoyed broad-based support from users, cer's warnings which support vital by a dictatorship of the left, students at the major labor and teacher unions, associa­ principles. Wilhelm Humboldt University can read only tions of educators and administrators, THE GOVERNMENT CLOUD 0vER AcADEMIA approved publications-because the govern­ judges of family and juvenile courts, as (By Dr. Samuel Spencer Jr.) ment specifies what books are to go in the library. In Bulgaria, faculty members who well as church and community organiza­ On the horizon are other clouds. tions. Part of the rationale for government do not hew to the party line are removed poaching in the academic preserves arises from the university-because the govern­ The leading proponent of the program from the current view of the student as con­ ment has the power over faculty . appoint­ has been Minnesota State Senator sumer of educational services. There is no ments. !n China, students are admitted to Jerome Hughes, chairman of the senate reason to quarrel with the principle that the universities not on the basis of merit, education committee. Senator Hughes students are entitled to expect from colleges but on the basis of political background­ has authored many articles describing and universities accurate information and because the government sets admission standards. the philosophy of these fine programs. services as advertised. But as one authority I am including an article, authored by in educational consumerism predicts, gov­ Have we not seen enough of the power of ernment's emergence as the strong champion government over the university in dicta­ Senator Hughes, published in Principal of student consumer rights can and will be torships of both the right and left to be wary magazine during the summer of 1976: used as a further justification for invading of anything that smacks of such dictation THE HOME AS AN ACADEMY FOR LEARNING institutional autonomy. in our own country? Are we really prepared (By Jerome M. Hughes) Still beneath the surface is a blueprint for to s'l.crifice the freedom of the university additional control of which most educators even in a good cause? As Justice Louis Bran­ (NoTE.-Jerome M. Hughes is a state sen­ are still largely unaware. Traditionally, ac­ deis once said, "Experience should teach us ator from the fiftieth district of Minnesota creditation of colleges and universities has to be most on our guard to protect liberty and is chairman of the Education Commit­ been the function of regional associations when the government's purposes are benefi­ tee. This paper was prepared at the Child­ manned by educators, such as the Southern cient. The greatest dangers to liberty lurk hood and Government Project, School of Law, Association of Colleges and Secondary in insidious encroachment by means of University of California, Berkeley, California, Schools. Up until now, accreditation by the zeal, well-meaning, but without under­ where Senator Hughes was a Bush Fellow appropriate regional association has served standing." during the summer of 1975.) as a standard for eligibility for federal ... AND COMMON GOALS America spends more money to support grants. I do not believe that there is serious dis­ educational institutions and has a stronger Now, reports from Washington indicate agreement anywhere in the academic world commitment to education than any other that because the regional associations are that unjust discrimination should be rooted country. Not only do our state laws offer free unwilling to add civil rights compliance to out for once and all, not only from our col­ public education, but they require all able their traditional functions, the government leges and universities but from all of Amer­ young people to attend school. In addition, ls busy setting up its own accreditation sys­ ican life. If we have any honesty we must ad­ numerous opportunities for study are avail­ tem. This system, under consideration by the mit that consciously or no, we have ac­ able in a multitude of diverse postsecondary new Bureau of Postsecondary Compliance, quiesced in discrimination in the past. The institutions of learning. would enable the government to impose its intent of the law is just. What we must all The percentage of the population com­ own set of criteria for colleges and univer­ do is to carry out the intent of that law to pleting a formal education is increasing an­ sities in determining eligibllity for federal the best of our ability. In this, government nually. Between 1960 and 1974, the propor­ grants. The concept of "performance audit- and education have a common cause. tion of all adults twenty-five years of age 20026 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1 O, 1978 or older with a 'high school education rose therefore, only professionals dispem:i) educa­ most long-lasting gains that children made from 40 percent to 60 percent. The propor­ tion. Moreover, people have broadened their were the result of in-home intervention pro­ . tion of the population from twenty-five to educational expectations and have placed grams, where the emphasis was on the child twenty-nine years of age who graduated even greater responsib111ty on the schools and as an individual. The experimental groups in from high school has risen from 60 percent the professionals. In other words, many of home based programs not only improved on to more than 80 percent in the past fourteen the traditional responsib111ties of the home their initial gains but maintained their years. have been shifted to the school or to som•3 gains rather well, even three or four years Our society generally believes that educa­ other agency. after intervention had been discontinued. tion is a necessary qualification for partici­ The school commands only 10 percent of The report suggests that the earlier and more pation in the labor force. Most jobs in a the child's total time, and when the average intensely mother and child were stimulated technologically advanced society require at child reaches the sixth grade, only 7 percent to engage in communication around a com­ least · a high school education. In October of his or her time has been so en t in school. mon activity, the greater and more lasting 1972, the unemployment rate for high school What has been happening in -the life of the the gain achieved by the child.r graduates was 10 percent, while the rate for child the other 93 percent of the time? When A study conducted recently by the Vir­ high school dropouts during the same period school b3gins in September, the teacher has ginia Polytechnic Institute and the Univer­ was 19 percent. W'hile unemployment statis­ probably not seen the child before, and after sity of Virginia revealed the importance of tics vary, it is evident that a high school June, the teacher may not see the child involving parents in providing the linguistic diploma is considered important by many again. The schools usually deal with children environment in which children learn to talk. employers.1 in large groups and aim at mastery by as­ Since not all parents provide their children Most of the educational emphasis in Amer­ signing the pupils a fairly standard curric­ with a rich linguistic and experiential back­ ica has been on formal education. The high ulum, with limited time for significant indi­ ground, children come to school with vary­ school, a distinctly American phenomenon vidual attention by teachers or counselors. ing degrees of readiness for reading. Evidence that emerged sixty years ago, has served peo­ On the other hand, unless they are wards of from this study demonstrates that involving ple preparing for continued study or prepar­ the state, children spend a great deal of time parents of poor readers can be economical, ing for entry into the labor force. holding a position in a family that will en­ efficient, and effective. In addition, parental It is not my purpose to detract in any way dure at least until the end of childhood.2 involvement, while inexpensive and effective, from the formal education programs estab­ In recent years, the work of developmental has the added advantage of training the par­ lished 1n this country. Let us not deny, how­ specialists such as Bruno Bettelheim, Martin ents in techniques of helping their children. ever, that in emphasizing the importance of Deutsch, J. McVicker Hunt, Benjamin And there is good reason to believe that the education, we have indirectly conveyed the Bloom, Jerome Bruner, and Jean Piaget has benefits of such training will increase as notion that schooling-learning or instruc­ won broad acclaim for the proposition that the parents continue to work with their chil­ tion-is education and that all education, the early years-between birth and six years dren in these ways.8 therefore, takes place at school. In a sense, of age-are crucial to the child's develop­ The need for language development has a this notion has institutionalized education. ment. A new national interest in the early high order of consideration in most studies Even within the spectrum of education, we years is evidenced by such programs as the of the young child. Adult attention and en­ have narrowed it into various special areas. federal government's Head Start and the vironment are also emphasized. For example, For example, the preparation of teachers is Early Childhood Project of the Education in his Children and Adolescents: Behavior narrowed by requiring certification in a spe­ Commission of the States. and Development, Boyd McCandless says, cial field and in a special age-group. All doc­ Until a few years ago, little attention was "With adult attention, the language devel­ tors and lawyers generalize before specializ­ paid to educating children younger than the opment of infants can be accelerated; for ing in one particular area. Education, on the elementary school entrance age. Some pri­ example, the more reading infants have been other hand, is a unique profession in which vate and public support of a limited nature exposed to, the more advanced their lan­ one does not generalize before specialization. existed for Montessori schools and preschools guage development is likely to be." e And, Because of the notion that schooling is and for day care and nursery programs. Most according to Benjamin Bloom: synonymous with education, little attention of the research has been fo~used on children "Both the correlation data and the abso- has been given to the learning environment and child development, rarely on educational 1ute scale of inte111gence development make outside the school or to the early years be­ practice. When issues are education related, it clear that inte111gence 1s a developing fore formal schooling begins. The assump­ however, attention is generally focused on function and that the stab111ty of measured tion is that learning instruction are products schooling at the nursery or kindergarten intel11gence increases with age. Both types of the school alone. Consequently, some level in the industrial countries that have of data suggest that in terms of intel11gence parents have neglected the opportunity to given special recognition to the young measured at age 17, about 50% of the devel­ give children the chance for prereading or child-Sweden, Japan, Israel, England, the opment takes place between conception and reading before entering a formal program of U.S.S.R .. and the U.S.A.3 age 4, about 30 % between ages 4- and 8, and instruction, even though they have learned In both Israel and England, education is about 20% between ages 8 and 17.... There a great amount of spoken language-which highly centralized in that the respective is little doubt that intelligence development is a basis for written language-before enter­ ministries can and do establish basic guide­ is in part a function of the environment in lng kindergarten or first grade. lines for the organization and conduct of which the individual lives.... The effects I would like to emphasize three themes nationwide schooling. This is particularly of the environments, especially of the ex­ here: first, learning is a process that begins true in the kibbutzim, religion oriented treme environments, appear to be greatest in at birth, or before; second, early learning in schools, and the commonly separate kinder­ the early (and more rapid) periods of intel­ gartens that are close to the people in Israel. ligence development and least in the later the home is crucial; and third, parents are· It is evident in England by the delegation important teachers. These themes will be il­ (and less rapid) periods of development." 10 of a great amount of authority to the head­ Ernest Q. Campbell, dean of Vanderbilt's lustrated by using specific examples from master or headmistress. existing research on early childhood and fam­ graduate school and codirector of the 1966 In both countries, a nongraded, multi-age Coleman report, said in a recent inteTview: ily influence and by examining the probable group approach up to the age of seven is implications of some recent policy sugges­ "It is important to remember that when we tions. similar to the best nongraded primary units talk about school effects on learning, we are in the United States.! When the more formal, not talking about the strongest effects. The The word educate comes from the Latin graded program takes over, however, the verb educare, which means to rear. The word important things are those which happen schools are characteristically traditional. outside the school." Campbell said that the originally placed an emphasis on the home The preschool ages for children are three to and the role of the total family-particu­ problem in attempting to improve educa­ five in the infant schools of England, and tional opportunity by integrating schools ts larly parents-in the education of the young. three to six in Israel. But in the kibbutzim Education was seen more as a total process that the major differences tn scholastic in Israel (an estimated 230 exist today), achievement seem to be related to home of knowledge and development and less as a education is an integral part of childrear­ field of study dealing mainly with methods environment rather than anything the ing. Schooling, in the sense of parents en­ schools do.u of teaching and learning in schools. The ma­ trusting their children to an institution, jor responsib111ty for educating young people The Joint Commission on Mental Health was in the home. begins at birth and continues until the age of Children placed a high priority on family of eighteen.0 Because of the tendency to specialize involvement in the child's development: and professionalize in our society, many peo­ Research indicates that early intervention "All the world loves a baby. We as a society pk~ think that they have no expertise in a with children is most effective when it in­ do not act that way. A newborn baby is a subject unless they have a certain creden­ volves the parents and the home. There is reaffirmation of the miracle of the creation tial. This pattern has raised the level of com­ important evidence that in the earliest of life. Most infants are near perfect at birth pentency in the working world, but, at the years, children are more influenced by fam­ and possess enormous potentialities !or same time, many competent people believe ily than by peers or anyone outside the fam­ bringing deep joy to themselves and others. that, without credentials they are inade­ Uy. Parents are primarily-and in most cases They come into the world with a great nat­ quate. Education, in the minds of many par­ exclusively-responsible for early childhood ural capacity for growth, for loving, for ents, becomes the domain of the teachers; development.6 learning; for exploring and working. In them In a comprehensive report on early inter­ lies the hope of the future-for their fam- Footnotes at end of article. vention, Urie Bronfenbrenner found that the 111es, their communities, the nation, and the July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20027 world. Our infants and children can and with education and human development-­ are included in such a program. Everybody must contribute so much to these larger so­ must increasingly turn its attention to the works together in a complementary or collab­ cieties. They therefore are the responslblllty early childhood years and to the parents and orative effort. not only of their famllles but of these same famllles who influence those years. The im­ The early childhood and family education societies. We as parents and citizens must mediate environment and the total impact plan should include programs for children firmly dedicate ourselves to the members of lt has on the developing child ls of particu­ under six, which would provide the follow­ our new generation and to fostering their lar importance. What can we do to maximize ing services: identification of potential bar­ maximum growth and development into the opportunity for ea.ch child to live a full riers to learning; education of parents about healthy children and young adults. We must life? To what extent are we giving financial child development; libraries of educational dedicate ourselves further to creating a so­ priority to young children and famllles? materials; family services; secondary school ciety devoted to fa.mllles so that, ln tum, Expendl tures by educational agencies and programs in exploring childhood and educa­ these famllles may provide the best possible institutions, public and private, have in­ tion for parenthood; elementary attendance primary care for their young." 12 creased considerably in the years between area center activities; home based programs; The biggest international education survey 1971-72 and 1974- 75-from $84.7 billion to and referral and follow-up services. ever attempted was conducted by the Inter­ an estimated $110.4 billion. (Part of the To make it possible for parents to be national Association for the Evaluation of overall increases are a result of lnfla tion.) involved in making policy, a local elementary Educational Achievement. This survey, based When deft.a ted on the basis of the consumer attendance area advisory council should be ln Stockholm and financed by a number of price index, the expenditures ln constant established. Fathers and mothers of children agencies, foundations, and governments, in­ (1971-72) dollars between 1971-72 and 1974- participating in the program should make up cluded 258,000 students, 50,000 teachers, and 75 would increase from $84.7 billion to $89 the majority of the council. Other members 9,700 schools. Nations taking part ln the sur­ billion. These expenditures were made dur­ on the council might include interested vey were Australia, Belgium, Chile, England, ing a period when enrollments at the sec­ clergy, health personnel, senior citizens, and Finland, France, West Germany, Hungary, ondary and higher education levels were ex­ other service agencies or school personnel, as India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, the panding.17 well as people with a special interest in, or Netherlands, New Zea.land, Poland, Romania, Education is now being affected by de­ familiarity with, the needs of the children Scotland, Sweden, Thailand, and the United clining enrollments, which are expected to and families in that particular community. States. continue in the future. This ls occurring at Objectives of any program should be t.o After the evaluation of millions of items the same time that discussion has focused on make parents aware of: of information at a cost of $5 mllllon, the the importance of the home and environ­ The many opportunities for a child to survey appears to confirm the claim first ment of a child's development and subse­ learn in an informal way through the regular published by James Coleman ln 1966, "that quent achievement. Will recognition of the dally activities of parents and child. ln the total pattern of achievement, home importance of getting parents more involved The ways parents can use these opportu­ background ls more important than anything in their children's early education prompt nities through the course of a child's normal the schools have so far been able to contrib­ some priority expenditure during the child's development. ute." However, as the University of Stock­ early years? If fiscal resources are allocated, The benefits to a child from early atten­ holm's Torsten Husen stresses, "M the same how will the programs be designed? tion by an expert in physical, emotional, or time, schools do make a substantial dif­ intellectual problems. 13 Health specialists espouse the need for pre­ ference." ventive medicine, recognizing how difficult The assistance available to deal with a A sixteen-month project conducted by and costly crisis health care can be. Simi­ child's problems, a family's problems, child Harvard's Burton White, which involved larly, early childhood and family education care needs, and social service needs-particu­ screening more than 15,000 famllles and a programs should be considered preventive larly problems requiring knowledge about detailed study of 33 young people, indicated education-as valuable as preventive health where to go or who to contact. that all children, regardless of family en­ care. Proper primary education care ought to The importance for the child's develop­ vironment, seem to be quite similar during lessen, rather than increase, overall educa­ ment of active, direct contact with the the first year of life. The parent-child rela­ tion expenditures. Less need for remedial parents. tionship and activity during this period, how­ education and remedial human services wlll The responsiblllty of the parents, the ever, seem to have a great influence on the mean a greater realization of human poten­ home, and the family in the growth and de­ development of the children involved. White tial and dollar savings to taxpayers. velopment of the child. believes that the mother becomes the "de­ The potential for a good working relation­ Early childhood and family education ship between the home and the services and signer and consultant" who oversees the should emphasize the relationships of the home world and creates the envlronmen.t resources available in an elementary attend­ child, the family, and others living nearby. ance area. that can spark the child's curiosity during Even though fiscal resources might be allo­ the one- to three-year-old stage. White also These objectives can be accomplished cated through the education agency, that through working with parents and children reports that as much a.s the child needs an agency should be recognized as only the enriching environment, the parents need the in the home or in small groups in the neigh­ catalyst to encourage cooperative efforts be­ borhood to develop understanding and know-how and information necessary to tween other agencies so that existing human provide that environment. That know-how knowledge about young children, their needs, and physical resources are used without du­ and their potentials. and information can be provided through plication. family education.u Moreover, involving parents in an early Raymond S. Moore, in Caring for Young The elementary attendance area could b~ childhood and family education program en­ Children, reports on a 1958 survey involving the community for programs focusing on the courages other parents to become involved more than 300 Ugandan babies. The research, young child and the family. The attendance as they see the value of programs for young conducted by Marcelle Geber, indicates that area ls a basic unit that is close to parents children living in their neighborhood. In this children from relatively low socioeconomic and families; it is a unit in which people way, a sense of community is developed, and status but highly family oriented tribal know one another and in which mutual in­ people begin to experience the value of work­ communities were, in general, superior to terests and concerns encourage cooperation; ing together at the grass roots level. more well-to-do and less family oriented it ls large enough to provide a variety of A cooperative climate in the neighborhood Ugandan and Western children in such areas services efficiently, yet small enough to pro­ helps children and families to learn; as physiological maturation and coordi­ vide a sense of community. The people who strengthens the family, neighborhood, and nation, adaptablllty, sociablllty, and lan­ are involved are at the grass roots and meet community; helps schools and human serv­ guage skills. Moore's findings also show that one another on a face-to-face basis. Funding ice agencies to develop a better understand­ the home and parent influence far outweigh for a community early education project ing of the needs and ideas in the commu­ school and teacher influence during a child's would most likely be available from a variety nities that they serve; and provides the early learning years.is of sources, but cooperative efforts at this beginning for continued cooperation and a Minnesota's educational assessment pro­ most basic and understandable level encour­ working partnership among schools, service grams uncovered further evidence of the im­ age coordination with a minimum of bureau­ agencies, and all professionals. Most lmpor­ portance of parents ln early education, point­ cratic red tape. tan t, parents, teachers, and others work ing out that reading performance, for ex­ This important aspect of the community together early, continuing the pattern as ample, can be strongly correlated with the education philosophy would encourage maxi­ children get older and enter the formal parents' education level and occupation, mum use of our schools and other facilities school system. The climate of cooperation availa.blllty of reading materials ln the home, for a variety of services for the people in continues as children mature into adults and and parent-child discussions a.bout educa­ the community. It would also encourage a parents become grandparents. This climate tion and schoo1.10 sense of community ln our elementary at­ also encourages the senior citizens' interest The research I have reviewed here and the tendance areas so that children and families in children; and they, in turn, are examples findings I have reported confirm the impor­ would have opportunities to develop every as well as a service to others ln the neigh­ tance of the early years of a child's life. Ac­ aspect of human life toward healthy growth borhood. Children and young families often cordingly, it seems apparent that our so­ to selfhood. Parents are encouraged to take find "surrogate grandparents" who become ciety-especially those sectors concerned an active role in their children's learning involved ln helping with activities. As a re­ beginning at birth. All people who are inter­ sult, these grandparents often have a. better ested in providin~ for the human needs of opportunity to establish their own respected Footnotes at end of article. children and families in the attendance area and useful place in our society. 20028 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 What broad conclusions emerge from the 7 Urie Bronfenbrenner, A Report on Longi­ which they have major political and information presented in this article? Per­ tudinal Evaluations of Preschool Programs­ haps the most general conclusions are that Is Early Intervention Effective? (Washing­ philosophical differences, including Is­ the roots of child development occur early, ton: Omce of Child Development, 1974). rael. I will read a June 7 article from and that the family environment ls extremely 6 K. Hoskisson, T. Sherman, and L. Smith, the New York Times on this very point significant in the learning process. Some "Assisted Reading and Parent Involvement," in a moment. more specific conclusions include the fol­ Reading Teacher 27 (April 1974): 710-14. Their attempts at redrafting the rules lowing: 9 Boyd R. McCandless, Children and Ado­ governing the admission and activities A program of fiscal policy that puts prior­ lescents: Behavior and Development (New of news correspondents indicate they ity on the early years of childhood in the con­ York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961), p. text of the family would undoubtedly result 274. may not allow in all professionally quali­ in cost savings; less money would be needed 1o Benjamin S. Bloom, Stability and fied newsmen. I will return to this point; for remediation and rehab111tatlon. Change in Human Characteristics (New it is my principal one today. Ea.rly childhood education, an excellent York: John Wiley and Sons, 1964), p. 88. And their highly publicized rebates of idea in its own right, does not decisively 11 "Bussing, Misfired, V. U. Professor Takes a portion of the proceeds from the sales affect the child's needs unless the parents Second Look." Interview with Ernest Q. of medallions commemorating the 1980 and the family are deeply involved. Close Campbell, Nashville Banner, 31 January Olympics to the Olympic committees of collaboration ls necessary between the fam­ 1975. participating countries indicate they in­ ily-especially parents--and education spe­ 12 Crisis in Child Mental Health: Challenge cialists, beginning when the child ls born. for the 1970's, A Report of the Joint Com­ tend to "buy" as much "friendship" as Early education provisions must encom­ mission on Mental Health of Children (New possible. pass a full range of mental, physical, social, York: Harper and Row, 1969), p. 313. This is disturbing to me, as I knC'w it and emotional considerations. The early 13 James S. Coleman and others, Equality of is to a growing number of my colleagues, years-before formal education begins-pro­ Educational Opportunity (Washington: U.S. to the media, to the athletic community. vide an excellent opportunity to give indi­ Omce of Education, 1966). The modern Olympic games were never vidual attention to the child and the family. u Burton L. White and Jean c. Watts, intended to be political events. As a mat­ An integrated effort ls needed to involve Experience and Environment-Major Inftu­ ter of fact, the founders of the modem agencies that have high interest and exper­ ence3 on the Development of the Young tise ln health services and ln early childhood Child, vol. 1 (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentlce­ games wanted ·individual athletes to and family education. All the physical and Hall, 1973) compete against individual athletes, not human resources ln the community should 13 Raymond S. Moore, "Caring for Young countries against countries. The games be coordinated so that duplication will be Children," Childhood Education 50 (October were intended to transcend traditional avoided. 1973) : 14-20. national rivalries, to give athletes oppor­ Provisions to bring parents, educators, and 19 Minnesota Educational Assessment Pro­ tunities to participate as athletes irre­ others into closely cooperative efforts should gram: A Report to the State Board of Educa­ spective of nationality or persuasion. The be conducted near the home-not merely tion (St. Paul: Minnesota Department of be physically but psychologically and sociologi­ Education, Statewide Education Assessment games were also intended to open to cally as well. Efforts to use community re­ omce, December 1974) • p. 7. athletes of all countries, for how else sources, including the elderly, can be more 11 National Center for Educational Statis­ could such an objective be met. effectively accomplished on a personal, fa.ce­ tics, Condition of Education.e What is the nature of the Soviet's to-fa.ce basis. Total impact ln the neighbor­ training of their athletes for Olympic hood and cooperation between fammes, competition, Mr. Speaker? I offer this churches, schools, and agencies might be bet­ columl'\ by Jack Anderson and Les ter realized on a small scale. THE SOVIETS HAVE REFUSED TO Whitten: As we see the need to emphasize parent involvement, we are once again compelled to GUARANTEE FREEDOM OF THE SECRET POLICE AT THE OLYMPICS ask questions about the development of our PRESS FOR COVERAGE OF THE (By Jack Anderson and Les Whitten) children. Are we using· our capablllties and 1980 OLYMPIC GAMES IN MOS­ Communist countries won most of the resources to give all children the greatest COW: HOW CAN THEY DO OTHER­ gold medals at the 1976 Olympics. In an possible opportunity to achieve their poten­ WISE IN LIGHT OF THE TRIALS earlier column, we told how they dld lt. They tial? At what point can we first influence STARTING TODAY? train athletes from chlldhood to become the child's chances for full development? We Olympic stars. have explored the importance of parent in­ We charged that most Communist coun­ volvement in answering these two questions HON. JACK F. KEMP tries subsidize their athletes, providing spe­ and in fulftlllng the goals they imply. Recent OF NEW YORK cial luxuries for those who perform best. The research supports what most people already IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES training and lndoctrlnatlon ls so intensive believe: what happens in the home ts crucial that the sport becomes their main occupa­ to a child's growth, development, and educa­ Monday, July 10, 1978 tion. Thus the Communist regimes send tion. professional athletes to the Olympics to The child ls America's most valuable and • Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, I have compete against amateurs from other lands. cherished asset, and the home ts our most brought previously to the attention of This doesn't seem to trouble the Olympics important social institution. It ls impera­ the House a number of instances reflect­ authorities, who actually enforce the double tive to begin the development and education ing the Soviet Union's intentions regard­ standard. Any American athlete who accepts of our young children in the family setting ing their handling of the 1980 Olympic a subsidy, for example, ls classified as a pro­ through deep involvement with the child's games in Moscow. I wish to bring an ad­ fessional and ls barred from the games. parents. The realization that the home ls the ditional one to its attention this after­ Not only the athletes but the secret police first and most important academy for learn­ noon. are trained for the Olympics ln the Com­ ing should be one of our nation's top priori­ munist world. Confidential intelllgence ties. The extent to which we put our full re­ Taken as a whole, these instances re­ sources indicate that the training ls every sources behind this effort will determine flect an overall Soviet intention to use blt as rigorous for the gumshoes as for the what the nation's future will be. the games for the maximum political performers. FOOTNOTES benefit of the Soviet Union and the max­ In Russia, the Olympics security forces 1 imum ideological benefit of Marxism­ are drawn from both the First chief Direc­ National Center for Education Statistics, Leninism. torate and the Second chief Directorate of The Condition of Educa..tion (Washington: the dreaded KGB. The First Directorate cor­ U.S. omce of Education, 1975), pp. 1-4. The intensity of Soviet training now responds roughly to the Central Intelllgence 2 J. E. Coons and S. D. Sugarman, Choice going on indicates they intend to win Agency. Its principal duty was to check out (Berkeley: Childhood and Government Proj­ more medals, especially the gold, than anti-Soviet elements, such as the Ukrainian ect, School of Law, in press), pp. 25-34. in any prior games. Wanting to win is separatists and the Jewish Defense League, 3 Institute for Development of Educational understandable; it is an integral part of who might try to harm the Soviet athletes. Activities, Early Schooling in England and competition. But winning the way the But the Olympics also provided the KGB Israel (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Soviet athletes do--perhaps I should say with an excellent cover for espionage ses­ 1973). pp. 1-9. are forced to do--is not understandable sions in Montreal. Top agents of the First 'Ibid., pp. 15-20. Directorate were able to enter the country, 5 Joseph S. Bentwich, Education in Israel or acceptable. I will offer a column by no questions asked, as part of the Soviet (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965). Jack Anderson and Les Whitten on this Olympics delegation. The games also made 0 Early Childhood Development: A Report point. And neither is what else we are it easy for agents throughout North America of the Education Commission of the States seeing about Soviet intentions. to travel to Montreal. They were able to Task Force on Early Childhood Education Their cooperation with certain Third move unnoticed in the crowds. (Denver: The Commission, June 1971), pp. World forces indicates they intend to While the athletes competed ln the 16-17. exclude athletes from countries with stadium, the agents compared notes ln the July 10, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20029 ba.ckrooms. One source described the occasion Israel to the games to a.void complicated his country is trying to do. He knows as sort of an "old 'home week" for spies. security arrangements. what the Soviet Union intends to do. The Second Directorate, whose functions The Israelis said in a statement today: There has been too much on the public a.re somewhat similar to those of the FBI, "The security issue was a totally unaccept­ was responsible for preventing defections. able reasoning and Lord Klllanin, president record about that. For example, the For months before the Olympics, according of the International Olympic Committee, had Washington Post reported this past to reliable intelllgence, the faceless men of stated that such reasoning used against spring on what is going on in the Soviet the Second Directorate sifted through the Israel's participation opened the door to Union with respect to barring athletes records of the Soviet athletes. usage against any other country as well. from certain countries and barring cer­ Those who drank too much or who had a. Israel is part of the Asian continent, a fact tain newsmen. The Post piece directed weakness for strange women were either which no force in the world, and no amount our attention to a statement in the eliminated or placed under special watch. of money can change." "Daily World," the official organ of the Pa.st statements of the athletes were checked Thailand agreed to be the host on condi­ Communist Party of the U.S.A., as for any hint of antagonism age.inst the re­ tion that member countries put up $2.5 mll­ gime. A network of informers was developed lion. Five Arab countries--Saudi Arabia, follows: within the Olympic delegation to report on Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar and .the United Arab The Soviet Olympic Committee has asked the athletes. Emirates-pledged a total of $2 mlllion, and the International Olympic Committee to bar The agents themselves infiltrated the dele­ a. spokesman said the Arab nations would hostile reporters of newspapers, radio and gation. Intelllgence sources estimate that at not compete with Israel. television stations that are established to least one and often two KGB a.gents accom­ The International Olympic Committee and destroy the spirit of peace and friendship panied every Soviet sporting team. At a. two international sports groups, athletics and between the people and the principles of the previous Olympics, FBI and CIA specialists archery, have informed the Asian Games Olympic movement. spotted seven middle-level KGB a.gents pos­ Federation that they will not recognize the Just how malignant Soviet intentions ing as delegation members. events. The agents actually accompanied their actually are is suggested by another sen­ charges on shipping trips, sightseeing tours But the principal point of my remarks tence in the "Daily World" story: and dinner engagements at restaurants out­ this afternoon deals with what the Prior to the 1976 Montreal Olympics the side Olympic Vllla.ge. The a.gents also min­ Soviet.s are doing to restrict newsmen roe commission on the press worked out an gled with their athletes when they met so­ from covering the games. It is very amendment to Rule 49. The amendment cially with performers from other countries. would bar such people from the Olympics. The effect was a disconcerting sameness in much on our minds, as the trials of the conversations of Communist athletes. Anatoly Scharansky and Alexande!' While the "Daily World" report is As a. result of the strict survellla.nce, only Ginsburg start today. t offer as evidence strident and perhaps an over exaggera­ a. 17-yea.r-old diver, Sergei Nemtsa.nov, the responses of the Soviet Ambassador tion of what happened in 1976, it is cor­ defected. to the United States, Anatoly F. Dobryn­ rect in showing the direction in which The only other goof was the discovery that in, at a news conference here in Wash­ the Soviets are moving. And I think the Boris Onlschenko, a Soviet fencing master, ington week before last. press should be aware that, should re­ used an electronic device to cheat in his epee match. When he triggered a button in Question: Would Radio Free EuroPe porters from Radio Free Europe and the sword's grip, it scored a. hit for him. or Radio Liberty be allowed to cover the Radio Liberty be excluded, that the Veteran lntelllgence sources report that Olympic Games in Moscow? Ambassador precedent can be used against anyone Onlschenko was considered to be "close" to Dobrynin: "This isn't under discussion who writes or otherwise reports un­ the Soviet Interior ministry. They speculate yet." favorably about Soviet training of ath­ that the KGB may actually have rigged him Question: Just as you are planning 2 letes-such as Mr. Anderson or Mr. up to win a. gold medal. The electronic ap­ Whitten. Or about the conditions under paratus was far more sophisticated, for ex­ years ahead, some news people would ample, than a fencing master likely could like to plan ahead. Ambassador Dobry­ which reporters covering the events have devlsed. Indeed, the fa.ct that he was nin: "When we come to the specific of must function--such as anyone who caught indicates he didn't understand the press coverage, we will answer all your writes or reports about the lack of free­ sophisticated equipment he was using. questions dealing with press coverge." dom and restraint.son human rights. Or The same basic security system 1s used by about any poor Soviet performance in most of the bloc nations to keep their Question: What can the press expect the games, and so forth? athletes in line. Ea.ch athlete before leaving in the Soviet Union when two American Mr. Speaker, this matter is not going his Communist homeland ls briefed on how newsmen have just been summoned to simply disappear. The International to respond to sensitive questions. A former to court for slander? Ambassador Olympic Committee and the U.S. Olym­ Cuban gymnastic star, Zulema. Brege.do Gu­ Dobrynin abruptly ended the press tierrez, testified about this in the early 1970's. conference. pic Committee must make the strongest "We are trained to answer the questions case against Soviet violations of the let­ we might be asked a.bout Cuba," she told the The significance of that press confer­ ter and spirit of the Olympic Games and Senate Internal Security subcommittee. ence with respect to the 1980 Olympic the news coverage of them.• "(We) get a special session on that partic­ Games in Moscow, as well as the slander ular country, on the political situation in charges filed by the Soviets against two that particular country ... We don't believe American newsmen in Moscow and the SENATE COMMI'ITEE MEETINGS everything they tell us about that particular trials starting today in the Soviet country. but that's the way they prepare us." Union, have not escaped the attention Title IV of the Senate Resolution 4, of the world press. As a matter of fact, agreed to by the Senate on February 4, And what is going on to exclude Israel 1977, calls for establishment of a system from the 1980 Olympic games? I off er the Washington Post editorialized direct­ ly to this point on June 29: for a computerized schedule of all meet­ this June 7 article from the New York ings and hearings of Senate committees, Times, one illustrating the carefully co­ We are angered as journalists and trou­ bled as citizens by the Soviet Union's appar­ subcommittees, joint committees, and ordinated attempt to exclude Israel by committees of conference. This title re­ denying its participation in the impor­ ently unprecedented decision to bring civil slander charges against two American corre­ quires all such committees to notify the tant regional games and/or by denying sponden.ts in Moscow-for reporting they Office of the Senate Daily Digest-des­ it.s membership in the required minimum had been told that a dissident's televised ignated by the Rules Committee-of the number of international sport.s organiza­ "confession" to a. charge of anti-Soviet time, place, and purpose of all meetings tions: agitation had been falsified. It is an escala­ when scheduled, and any cancellations [From the New York Times, June 7, 1978) tion in kind of the "normal" intimidation or changes in meetings as they occur. ISRAELI ATHLETES BARRED FROM WINTER practiced on the foreign press. It represents As an interim procedure until the ASIAN GAMES an evident effort at censorship. It ls a. plain violation of the Soviet government's computerization of this information be­ BANGKOK, Thailand, June 6.-The council Helsinki pledge to permit journallsts to do comes operational the Office of the Sen­ of the Asian Ga.mes Federation unanimously their professional work. Further, it sub­ ate Daily Digest will prepare this infor­ approved today a. resolution to exclude Israel stantially adds to the queasiness many peo­ mation for printing in the Extensions of from the Eighth Asian Games here in Decem­ ple feel over Moscow's hosting of the 1980 Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL ber. Olmyplcs. Just what controls do the Rus­ The move was opposed by representatives sians plan to impose on the Olympic press? RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of of the Israeli Olympic Committee who at­ each week. tended the meeting. In December 1976 the Ambassador Dobrynin was not being Any changes in committees schedul­ federation voted in Montreal not to invite evasive because he did not know what ing will be indicated by placement of an 20030 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1978 asterisk to the left of the name of the Human Resources 10:30 a.m. unit conducting such meetings. To resume hearings on S. 2910, to estab­ Governmental Affairs Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, lish programs to assist in preventing To resume consideration of S. 991, to July 11, 1978, may be found in Daily unwanted initial and repeat preg­ establish a separate Department of Digest of today's RECORD. nancies among adolescents. Education. 4232 Dirksen Building 3302 Dirksen Building MEETINGS SCHEDULED Judiciary 2:00 p.m. JULY 12 Administrative Practice and Procedure Select Ethics Subcommittee 9 :00 a .m. To hold an open, followed by a closed, Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry To resume hearings on the FBI Charter. business meeting. 2228 Dirksen Building Foreign Agricultural Policy Subcommittee 235 Russell Building To resume hearings on vegetable imports Rules and Administration Conferees from Mexico and their impact on the To hold hearings on S. Res. 405, to make On S. 9, to establish a policy for the U.S. market. the Select Committee on Indian Af­ management of oil and natural gas in 324 Russell Building fairs a permanent committee of the the Outer Continental Shelf. 9:15 a.m. Senate, to ·be followed by a business 3110 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs meeting. To consider the following bills: H.R. 301 Russell Building JULY 14 9:30 a.m. 8771, 9471, 4320, and S. 224, bills con­ 10:30 a.m. cerning retirement and annuities of Judiciary Finance Federal employees, H.R. 4319 and S. Business meeting on pending calendar Taxation and Debt Management Generally 408, extending pension benefits to for­ business. Subcommittee mer employees of county committees, To hold hearings on S. 1860 and H.R. and H.R. 8342, to provide for the appli­ 2300 Dirksen Building 8333, to provide for permanent tax rate cation of local withholding taxes to JULY 13 reductions for individuals and busi- Federal employees who are residents 9:00 a.m. nesses. of such locality. Governmental Affairs 2221 Dirksen Building S-207, Capitol Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal JULY 17 9:30 a.m. Services Subcommittee *Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on S. 3229 and Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on S. 3209, the H.R. 7700, proposed Postal Service State Community's Conservation and To hold hearings on S. 2623 and 2999, Amendments Act. proposed Enhanced Oil Recovery Com­ Development Act; S. 3210, the Livable 1114 Dirksen Building Cities Act; and S. 3211, the National mercialization Act. Self-Help Development Act. 9:30 a.m. 3110 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works Special on Aging Environment and Public Works Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee To hold oversight hearings on P.L. 95- Regional and Community Development To continue he'lrings on S. 2775, to im­ 256, to increase from 65 to 70 years prove the siting and licensing process the age limit for retirement under the Su bcomml ttee for nuclear reactors. To resume hearings on S. 3186, to pro­ Age Discrimination in Employment vide public works employment for the 6226 Dirksen Building Act. long-term unemployed. Environment and Public Works 6226 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building Regional and Community Development JULY 18 Environment and Public Works Subcommittee 9:30 a.m . Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 3186, to pro­ Finance To resume hearings on S. 2775, to im­ vide public works employment for the Administration of the Internal Revenue prove the siting and licensing process long-term unemployed. Code Subcommittee for nuclear power reactors. 4200 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on the Tax 6226 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Reduction and Simplification Act (P.L. *Joint Economic Business meeting on pending calendar 95-30), and on Administration pro­ To continue hearings to review economic business. postals for a new jobs tax credit. conditions, and to discuss the future 235 Russell Building 2221 Dirksen Building outlook. Energy and Natural Resources 10:00 a .m. 5110 Dirksen Building Business meeting on pending calendar Human Resources 10:00 a.m. businesa. Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ mittee. Commerce, Science, and Transportation 3110 Dirksen Building Surface Transportation Subcommittee Financo To resume mark up of S. 2775, the Drug To hold oversight hearings on railroad Regulation Reform Act, and S. 3115, freight car utilization. International Trade Subcommittee to establish a comprehensive disease 235 Russell Building To hold hearings on S. Res. 483, to dis­ prevention and health promotion pro­ Energy and Natural Resources approve the waiver of the countervail­ gram in the U.S. ing duty on certain items of Govern­ 4232 Dirksen Building Business meeting on pending calendar ment-subsidized fish imported from business. Canada. Joint Economic 3110 Dirksen Building To resume hearings to review economic Finance 2221 Dirksen Building conditions, and to discuss the future International Trade Subcommittee Governmental Affairs outlook. To hold hearings on proposed extension To continue hearings on S. 3266, to estab­ 2168 Rayburn Building of Presidential authority to maintain lish a program of State incentives to Special on Aging most-favored-nation trade treatment encourage State governments to im­ To continue oversight hearings on P.L. with Romania under the Trade Act of prove programs affecting distressed 95-256, to increase from 65 to 70 years 1974 (P.L. 93-618). local governments, and s. 3267, to re­ the age limit for retirement under the 2221 Dirksen Building form administrative paperwork and Age Discrimination in Employment Governmental Affairs regulations allowing State and local Act. To hold hearings on S. 3266, to establish governments to receive Federal assist­ 6226 Dirksen Building a program of State incentives to en­ ance. courage State governments to improve 6202 Dirksen Building JULY 19 programs affecting distressed local Judiciary 9 :00 a.m. governments, and S. 3267, to reform Constitution Subcommittee Finance administrative paperwork and regu­ To resume hearings on S. 3162, 3164, 3222, To hold hearings on S. 3223 and S. 3241, lations allowing State and local gov­ 3225, 3258, and 3261. bllls to protect the to establish a general stock ownership ernments to receive federal assistance. freedom of individuals from unwar­ plan. ·6202 Dirksen Building ranted intrusions by persons acting 2221 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs under color of law. 9 :30 a.m. Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal 318 Russell Building Governmental Affairs Services Subcommittee Joint Economic EneD,;y, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal To continue hearings on S. 3229 and Services Subcommittee To continue hearings to review economic To resume hearings on S. 3229 and H.R. H.R. 7700, proposed Postal Service conditions, and to discuss the future Amendments Act. outlook. 7700, proposed Postal Service Amend­ 1114 Dirksen Building ments Act. 2168 Rayburn Bullding 3302 Dirksen Building July 11, 1978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 20031

10:00 a.m. JULY 25 Budget Joint Economic 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on the second con­ Budget current resolution on the Congres­ To continue hearings to review eco­ To hold hearings on the second concur­ nomic conditions, and to discuss the sional budget for FY 1979. rent resolution on the Congressional 6202 Dirksen Building future outlook. Budget for FY 1979. 5110 Dirksen Building 6202 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal Special on Aging Governmental Affairs Services Subcommittee Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal To continue oversight hearings on P.L. To continue hearings on S. 2189, pro­ 95-256, to increase from 65 to 70 years Services Subcommittee posed Nuclear Waste Management Act. To hold hearings on S. 2189, proposed the age limit for retirement under the 3302 Dirksen Building Age Discrimination in Employment Nuclear Waste Management Act. Act. 3302 Dirksen Building AUGUST 2 6226 Dirksen Building Joint Economic 10:00 a.m. To resume hearings to review economic Governmental Affairs JULY 20 conditions, and to discuss the future Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov­ 9:00 a.m. outlook. ernment Subcommittee Finance 2220 Rayburn Building To hold hearings on the quality of pa­ To continue hearings on S. 3223 and S. JULY 26 tient care in nursing homes. 3241 to establish, a general stock own­ 9:30 a.m. 3302 Dirksen Building ership plan. Finance 2221 Dirksen Building AUGUST 3 Administration of Internal Revenue Code 10:00 a.m. 9:30 a.m. Subcommittee Governmental Affairs To resume oversight hearings on the Tax Governmental Affairi:; Enel'IJY. Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal Reduction and Simplification Act Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov­ Services Subcommittee (P.L. 95-30), and on Administration ernment Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 3229 and proposals for a new jobs tax credit. To continue hearings on the quality of H.R. 7700, proposed Postal Service 2221 Dirksen Building patient care in nursing homes. Amendments Act. 10:00 a.m. 3302 Dirksen Building 3302 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs AUGUST 9 Joint Economic To mark up H.R. 10899, proposed Inter­ 9:00 a.m. To continue hearings to review eco­ national Banking Act. Commerce, Science, and Transportation nomic conditions, and to discuss the 5302 Dirksen Building Science, Technology, and Space subcom­ future outlook. Budget mittee 2168 Rayburn Building To continue hearings on the second con­ To hold hearings to receive testimony 10:00 a.m. current resolution on "the Congres­ from officials of the Department of En­ Human Resources sional Budget for FY 1979. ergy on nuclear waste disposal. 6202 Dirksen Building Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Governmental Affairs 235 Russell Building mittee Energy. Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal AUGUST 10 To resume markup of S. 2755, the Drug Services Subcommittee 9:00 a.m. Regulation Reform Act, and S. 3115, To continue hearings on S. 2189, pro­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation to establish a comprehensive disease posed Nuclear Waste Management Act. Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ prevention and health promotion pro­ 3302 Dirksen Building mittee gram in the U.S. Rules and Administration To continue hearings to receive testi­ 4232 Dirksen Building To receive testimony on S.J. Res. 142, mony from officials of the Department authorize the Franklin Delano Roose­ JULY 21 of Energy on nuclear waste disposal. velt Memorial Commission to proceed 235 Russell Building 10:00 a.m. with construction of the FDR Memo­ Human Resources rial, and other legislative and admin­ AUGUST 16 Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ istrative business. 9:00 a.m. mittee 301 Russell Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue markup of S. 2755, the Drug JULY 27 Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ Regulation Reform Act, and S. 3115, 10:00 a.m. mittee to establish a comprehensive disease Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To resume hearings to receive testimony prevention and health promotion pro­ To continue markup of H.R. 10899, pro­ from officials of the Department of gram in the U.S. posed International Banking Act. Energy on nuclear waste disposal. 4232 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, July 11, 1978 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. the journey to seek meaning and worth municated to the House by Mr. Chirdon, Rev. Vernon M. Murray, Jr., O.S.L., for our lives. Grant this our prayer which one of his secretaries, who also informed pastor, Harriman United Methodist we ask in Your eternal name and seeking the House that on July 10, 1978, the Pres­ Church, Bristol, Pa., offered the follow­ Your merciful blessing. Amen. ident approved and signed bills of the ing prayer: House of the fallowing titles: Eternal Father, whose creative role in THE JOURNAL H.R. 3447. An act to amend chapter 83 of history has been to make something of title 5, United States Code, to grant an worth from that of little value, and who The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ annuitant the right to elect within 1 year ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ after remarriage whether such annuitant's is still creating today; we join ourselves new spouse shall be entitled, if otherwise together in mutual prayer for these ceedings and announces to the House qualified, to a survivor annuity, and to elimi­ Members of our U.S. Congress. Make his approval thereof. nate the annuity reduction made by an un­ them to be persons of unique worth, leg­ Without objection, the Journal stands married annuitant to provide a survivor an­ islators of deep understanding, and lead­ approved. nuity to an individual having an insurable ers possessing strength, honesty, and en­ There was no objection. interest in cases where such individual pre­ deceases the annuitant; thusiasm; that as they make the impor­ H.R. 3755. An act to provide for the rein­ tant decisions and critical value judg­ MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT statement of civil service retirement survivor ments of our day, our land may be Your annuities for certain widows and widowers land, we may be Your people, and all of Sundry messages in writing from the whose remarriages occurred before July 18, us may walk hand in hand as victors in President of the United States were com- 1966, and for other purposes; and

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • CXXIV--1260-Part 15