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The Impact of Globalization on Political System and Governance in Indonesia

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The Impact of Globalization on Political System and Governance in Indonesia The Impact of Globalization on Political System and Governance in Indonesia Citra Darminto and Ahmad Baidawi Department of Government Science, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia Keywords: Globalization, Political Participation, Governance, E-Government. Abstract: The background of this research is related to two things, namely: how the impact of globalization on political system and how the impact of globalization on governance in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze The impact of globalization on political system and governance in Indonesia. Talking about the impact of globalization has given a big debate for globalization scholars, some say that globalization has too much negative impact and some argue that globalization has brought many positive impacts. This study uses a qualitative approach by analyzing data and literature sources related to The impact of globalization on political system and governance in Indonesia. The study results show that Positive impact of globalization on the political system in Indonesia is the increase in political participation, while the positive impact of globalization on the government system in Indonesia is the existence of an electronic government system (E-Government). 1 INTRODUCTION the world become interdependent on all aspects of life both culturally, economically, and politically, so The global era has a wide impact on various aspects that the scope of interdependence is truly global. For of human life. Not only in economic, legal, political, example, in fields politics, globalization has given a social and cultural aspects but also in governance new color in politics in the world such as the aspects. In addition, the impact is also felt by all phenomenon of democratization in several countries. groups. Starting from the top down, men and Talking about the impact of globalization has women, leaders and subordinates, the rich and the been widely discussed by scientists. Some say poor man. globalization has a negative impact and some say Globalization is a process of a global community globalization has a positive impact on the world that knows no boundaries. Globalization As a community. One of manifestation of globalization process, it takes place through at least two can be seen through index KOF arrangement, dimensions of interaction between nations, namely namely globalization index, that have been compiled the dimensions of space and time. The spatial and-like Centre (Dreher, 2006). dimension is increasingly narrowed and the time The overall index of globalization composed of dimension is increasingly shortened in interaction various aspects of the social, economic, Indonesia's and communication on a world scale. Globalization foreign policy, government and political integration takes place in all areas of life such as ideology, in the right perspective applied in the policy, as a politics, government, economics, social culture, response to the doubts openly indicator of economic defense and security. According to Heinemann and external direct investment usually was used to (2000), globalization is a process that is analyze the relationship between inequality and characterized by the rapid development of the economic globalization. Agree with Dreher, Stiglitz doctrine of capitalism, i.e. the more revealing and (2002) believes that globalization can give the globally the role of markets, investment, and benefit to all countries, both developed and production process of traditional companies. developing countries if can managed with well. In a According to Piotr Sztompka (2004), globalization sense every country must have the right policy for in general can be interpreted as a process that embrace globalization, according to its historical, produces a single world. That is, people throughout cultural, and cultural background it has. In line with 5 Darminto, C. and Baidawi, A. The Impact of Globalization on Political System and Governance in Indonesia. DOI: 10.5220/0010001600050012 In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 3 2019) - Social Engineering Governance for the People, Technology and Infrastructure in Revolution Industry 4.0, pages 5-12 ISBN: 978-989-758-472-5 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved ICOSOP 3 2019 - International Conference on Social Political Development (ICOSOP) 3 this, Hefner (2010) mentions that socially, increasingly free community accessing government globalization can strengthen the unity and integrity sites will facilitate the occurrence of cyber crime. of humanity through cooperation, interdependence Based on the explanation above, it is concluded and sharing of knowledge, expertise, personnel, and thatthe impact of globalization does not only occur resources. in the economic, legal, social and cultural sectorsbut From the positive impact of globalization on the also occurs in other aspects, political aspects and political system in Indonesia such as increased governance aspects. Therefore, in this article the public participation in politics, the existence of author wants to focus on the impact of globalization freedom for the community in determining political on the political system and governance in Indonesia. attitudes, while the positive impact in the field of government can be seen from the progress of innovation in information and communication 2 LITERATURE REVIEW technology, the increasing role of Indonesia in international relations,the impact of globalization on The term globalization is very familiar, maybe even Indonesia's foreign policy. Viewed from political everyone often hears it and has a different globalization, Indonesian government is now carried understanding of what globalization is. World out more openly and democratically. Because experts also have an understanding of globalization government is part of a country, if the government is with a different perspective. run honestly, cleanly and dynamically it will Traditionally politics has been undertaken within certainly get a positive response from the people so national political systems. National governments that the sense of nationalism towards the country have been ultimately responsible for maintaining the increases. From the positive impact of globalization security and economic welfare of their citizens, as on the economic sector, the opening of international well as the protection of human rights and the free markets, increasing employment opportunities environment within their borders. With global and increasing the country's foreign exchange and ecological changes, an ever more integrated global the positive impact of globalization on social economy, and other global trends, political activity culture, we can imitate good thinking patterns such increasingly takes place at the global level.Under as a high work ethic, discipline and science and globalization, politics can take place above the state technology from other nations that have advanced to through political integration schemes such as the improve the progress of our nation (Aleksius, 2008). European Union and through intergovernmental However, in addition to the positive impacts organizations such as the International Monetary above we also cannot ignore the negative effects it Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade has in our lives. According to Buchanan and Organization. Political activity can also transcend Husynski (2002), globalization will impact on a national borders through global movements and changecondition quickly. Starting from cyber NGOs. Civil society organizations act globaly by revolution, trade liberalisation, and homogeneity of forming alliances with organizations in other good and service in theworld. According to countries, using global communications systems, Kiggundu (2002), globalization is a blame to and lobbying international organizations and other world’s unemployment situation though it brought actors directly, instead of working through their some jobs opportunities. Despite the fact that it national governments (Global Policy Forum, 2005). brought jobs opportunities to the global but it is still According to Turner & Khondker (2010), a blame to the current situation. It‘s true that global globalization as an extension of the reach of the economic integration and increased travel have senses that goes beyond the boundaries of events as resulted in increased competitiveness at the national far as the other side of the world as if we also feel and enterprise levels, forcing producers to find ways our physical taste there. Also added a concept which to cut costs, improve efficiency, and raise then emphasized social relations, not merely a productivity. matter of place or geography. Both opinions were The negative impact of globalization on political reinforced by Robertson (1992) with the concept of system in Indonesia can be seen from the emergence "world as whole" and Rantanen (2005) who saw of foreign intervention on the political system in the globalization as unity in various ways. In a Indonesian state, the Presence of foreign ideologies. communication perspective, we can understand While the negative impact of globalization on the globalization as a social relationship that is in a unity government system can be seen from the that cannot be separated by time and space. 6 The Impact of Globalization on Political System and Governance in Indonesia According toJohn Baylis and Steve Smith (2008) data exposure, description
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