September 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31201' By Mr. SISK (for himself, Mr. DER· 298. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ WXNSKI, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. HOSMER, Legislature of the State of Oregon, relative merce. Mr. LEGGETT, Mr. MICHEL, Mr. to the Douglas Fir tussock moth; to the 305. Also, memorial of the Legislature of NICHOLS, Mr. REES, Mr. RoE, Mr. Committee on Agriculture. the State of Oregon, ratifying the proposed PICKLE, Mr. STEED, Mr. WAGGONNER, 299. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the amendment to the Constitution of the Mr. WmNALL and Mr. WRIGHT) : State of Oregon, relative to quality sta.ndards United States relative to equal rights for H.R. 10478. A bill to prohibit the telecast­ for :filberts imported into the United States; men and women; to the Committee on the ing of professional basketball games during to the Committee on Agriculture. Judiciary. certain periods when regularly scheduled in­ 300. Also, memorial of the senate of the tercollegiate or interscholastic basketball or State of Washington, relative to the phase IV football games are played, and for other pur­ economic regulations concerning service PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS poses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. stations; to the Committee on Banking and Under clause 1 o! rule XXII, By Mr. VANIK: Currency. H.R. 10479. A bill to authorize and direct 301. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Mr. SISK introduced a bill (H.R. 10480) the Secretary of Commerce to study applica­ for the relief of Rodney E. Hoover, which was the State of Oregon, relative to the continu­ referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. tions of solar energy, to establish a system of ation of title IlI Federal funds for elemen­ grants for solar energy research, a.nd to es­ tablish the Solar Energy Data Bank; to the tary and secondary education; to the Com­ mlttee on Education and Labor. Committee on Science and Astronautics. PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. MA THIS of Georgia: 302. Also, memorial of the Legislature of H.J. Res. 739. Joint Resolution proposing the State of Oregon, relative to the continu­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions an amendment to the Constitution of the ation of the Tongue Point Job Corps Center; and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk United States to authorize Congress, by to the Committee on Education and Labor. and referred as follows: three-fourths vote of both Houses, to over­ 308. Also, memorial of the Legislature of ride decisions of the Supreme Court; to the 284. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the city the State of California, relative to the Rose· council, Philadelphia, Pa., relative to mem­ Committee on the Judiciary. vllle munitions disaster of April 28, 1973; to bers of the Armed Forces who are still either the Committee on Interstate and Foreign prisoners of war or missing in action; to the Commerce. Committee on Foreign Affairs. MEMORIALS 304. Also, memorial of the Legislature of 285. Also, petition of Milton Mayer, New Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials the State of Oregon, relative to the alloca­ York, N.Y., relative to redress of grievances: were presented and referred as follows: tion of scarce petroleum products; to the to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS PHASE IV REGULATIONS RELATING Information available to my office indicates from the refinery. That ls to say, if he per­ TO RETAIL SALE OF GASOLINE that the following situation appears to be forms both the functions of a wholesaler typical in New Mexico: The average dealer and a retailer, not only must forego any leases his station from an oil refinery com­ profit he made at the wholesale stage but HON. PETE V. DOMENICI pany or owns his own independently. He he is not even allowed to pass on his actual, does not own his own refinery nor has he proveable wholesale costs. According to :fig­ OF NEW MEXICO any say over the terms and conditions of ures quoted in the National Petroleum News, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES sale of his product from the refinery that the average cost per gallon to perform the Monday September 24 1973 supplies him. On the avera.ge, he will sell wholesaling operation alone ls 8.5¢. Our sur­ 1 1 15,000 gallons of gasoline per month. From vey in New Mexico indicates that the cost Mr. DOMENIC!. Mr. President, on the time the gasoline hits his station he will there is closer to 4¢ per gallon merely to September 21, 1973, I joined with my incur a number of actual costs. He will pay perform the wholesaling operation alone, that distinguished colleagues in introducing about a cent and a half per gallon for rent. is, to get the gasoline from the refinery to a Senate resolution to reflect the sense It will take about two cents per gallon to the station retailer. If that 4¢ wholesaling of the Senate that retailers of gasoline pay overhead expenses such as utilities, in­ cost ls added on to the 6¢ retail cost, it costs surances, taxes, telephone, and operating the small businessman who performs both should be allowed to pass through in­ supplies such as windshield towels, etc. And the wholesale and retail operations 10¢ in creased costs from their suppliers. In my he will pay about two a.nd one half cents actual, proveable costs to pump a gallon introductory remarks I mentioned a per gallon wages and that does not include of gas. Yet his markup out of which he must meeting with officials of the Cost of Liv­ any amount for the station owner or lessee pay those costs is 7¢. Therefore, it costs the ing Council on September 17, 1973, for himself to take home. Thus, his actual cost wholesaler-retailer three cents out of his the purpose of discussing the phase IV per gallon, based on a 15,000 gallon month pocket or savings account every time he regulations relating to retail sale of gaso­ is about six cents. Under the Phase IV regu­ walks out on the driveway to pump a gallon of gas. And it goes Without saying that his in­ lations he may mark up his gasoline by the line. I also mentioned that I would same amount it was marked up on January plight becomes even worse as his costs are clude as an extension of my remarks, 10, 1973 or seven cents per gallon whichever increased by the refiners and he is not al­ my opening statement to the Cost of is more. As New Mexico was involved in a lowed to pass those on. It becomes cheaper Living Council at that meeting. severe price war on January 10, the markup, to close the station than it does to stay in Accordingly, I ask unanimous consent almost Without exception is seven cents and business. that the following statement be printed not more. It is out of this seven cents that Under these regulations, as I understand in its entirety in the RECORD. he must pay these six cents of actual costs them, if either of these two classes of gaso­ per gallon. That leaves him one cent per line distributors were big enough to own There being no objection, the state­ gallon to take home or approximately $150.00 their own refinery, then they would be guar­ ment was ordered to be printed in the per month. anteed their profit margin and also be al­ RECORD, as follows: Under the regulations, the seven cents lowed to pass on their increased costs. Fur­ STATEMENT BY SENATOR PETE V. DOMENICI markup must be on his August 1, 1973 cost. ther, they would be allowed to use a May 15, On July 18, 1978, the President of the So if the costs a.re increased to the retailer 1973 rather than a January 10 date on which United States said: "The fundamental pric­ due to the increased costs of import crude, to determine their markup. New Mexico was ing rule of Phase IV is that prices are per­ for example, the retailer must absorb that not in a depressed situation on May 15 as it mitted to rise as much as costs rise, in dol­ increase in cost himself in that $150 and was on January 10, but because they are not lars per unit of output, without any profit may not pass that on to his customers. Such so big it appears they are being penalized. margin on the additional costs." He made a result is grossly unfair to what is probably There ls no justification for those results. that statement pursuant to the authority already the lowest paid group of blue collar I am told that the economlc theory on delegated to him by Congress through the workers in the country. which the Phase IV price regulations are Economic Stabilization Act wherein he was The situation is even worse for that group premised ls that if the retailer is not allowed directed to issue standards which "shall be of small businessmen who constitute what to pass on his increased costs, then he will generally fair and equitable." the regulations term as "reseller-retailer," apply pressure back up the ladder to the Notwithstanding these clear directives by that is they perform the operations of both refiner not to increase costs. The economic the President and the Congress, the Cost of the wholesaler and the retailer. As he is a soundness of such a theory cannot be ques­ Living Council has promulgated regulations related party, that is to say, as a wholesaler tioned in an economy where there ls the free relating to the sale of gasoline which have he ls distributing the gas to himself as the flow of goods controlled only by the laws resulted in the grossest hardships and in­ retailer, his August 1 cost basis on which he of supply and demand. Yet such is not the equities. may add the seven-cents margin is his cost case With the purchase and sale of gasoline. 31202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 24, 1973 We have for some time had a. severe gasoline Johnson and Nixon has depended on two from Castro and the available evidence indi­ shortage. Refiners can sell all amounts of major lnstruments--pqlitical ostracism and cates that Castro has concluded that eco­ gasoline they can produce. If dealer "A" re­ economic denial. It has had one constant ob­ nomically he does not need the United States fuses to buy from the refiner because the jective: to do all that might prudently be (Cuba. has now been brought firmly into cost of gasoline has increased a penny a gal­ done to ensure the failure of Premier Cas­ the Soviet orbit and is the recipient of a sub­ lon, then all he must do is offer it to dealer tro's experiment with revolutionary social­ stantially Soviet subsidy), while politically " B" to sell it. It is a sellers' market. Given ism. the enmity of the United States is of im­ this economic fact, this reverse pressure Castro's regime, however, now has endured mense domestic and international usefulness theory fails. Such failure cannot be better for more than 14 years, and its end is no­ to him. illustrated than to realize that in New Mex­ where in sight. Moreover, although his ex­ Second, President Nixon is under no great ico, there have been two significant price in­ periment cannot be counted a. stunning suc­ domestic pressure to change current Cuba creases on the part of the refineries already cess, it is certainly not an unqualified fail­ policy. Present pract ice can be maintained this summer, one in June and a second just ure. Ironically, too, U.S. policy has given Cas­ indefinitely at low cost and minimal risk. days ago with retailers vigorously resisting tro precisely the scapegoat he needs to ac­ Cuba does not bulk large on the horizons but unable to do much more. count for many of his regime's economic of most Americans; indeed, acute awareness Mr. Owen, the goals of Phase IV cannot shortcomings, and has provided him w1 th of Cuba is confined largely to members of t he be criticized. It is the means being employed the external enemy he needs to justify his Cuban refugee community, and most would to implement them that must be examined. arbitrary, totalitarian rule. be offended by any softening of our official Can it be justified to allow the refiner to A sensible reading of the record would in­ posture. pass on his costs, yet not the retailer? Can dicate that fundamental changes in our Cuba. Early and significant change in our Cuba it be justified to allow the independent third policy a.re called for. That judgment is re­ policy is unlikely, therefor~, despite the party reseller, or wholesaler, to charge his inforced when account is ta.ken of, the broad­ st rong case that can be made for such change. costs and also keep his profit margin, yet not er hemisphere and global contents within But Mr. Nixon and Henry A. Kissinger have even to allow the reseller-retailer to charge which the United States and Cuba act. surprised us before. It is conceivable that his actual proveable wholesale costs, much - As far as the hemisphere is concerned, the t hey will decide that the time has come to . less his profit margin? I think not! This United States must acknowledge that sup­ reach an accommodat ion between Washin g­ Council is urgently requested to reexamine port for its exclusionary policy toward Cuba. ton and Havana .· its Phase IV oil regulations as they relate is eroding rapidly. Canada and Mexico have Kissinger said in Senate test imony last to the retail sale of g&soline so that we may never accepted that policy and more recent­ week that the Unit ed States was willing to move toward that goal as set out in the ly Argentina, Chile, Peru, Barbados, Guyana, discuss with other OAS members the possi­ Economic Stabilization Act itself to set stand­ Jamaica. and Trinidad-Tobago have accorded bility of modifying the current embargo ards which "shall be generally fair and equi­ full diplomatic recognition to Castro's gov­ against Cuba. Perhaps such discussion might table." I commend the Council for its recent ernment. (Chile's position is expected to be followed by quiet US.-Cuban negotiations announcement to do just that and I urge that chan ge with the overthrow of Salvador Al­ on specific issues of trade and settlement it be done quickly. lende.) of small claims by American's over It is only a matter of time until the United Castro's expropriation of their property. States, instead of leading a majority of hem­ Already, in February of this year, the two ispheric states in an effort to isolate Cuba, nat ions signed an agreement to control hi­ NEW CUBAN POLICY will find itself in a minority position on the jackers through prosecution or extradition. issue. Indeed, the secretary-general of the Or­ Such steps toward accommodation deserve ganization of American States has already the understanding and support of a.11 HON. JEROME R. WALDIE announced that in his view a full review of Americans. OF CALIFORNIA hemisphe,ric Cuba policy-with an eye to­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ward "lifting the sanctions imposed ... more than a decade ago"-is in order. Monday, Septem ber 24, 1973 Our European allies-Britain, France, FRED R. KEITH Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, all of us I Spain and others-are out of sympathy with am sure will be watching with interest our Cuban practice and are taking advantage HON. JESSE A. HELMS for a new direction in the administration of our absence to exploit the Cuban market of the State Department under its new themselves, their trade with Cuba being re­ OF NORTH CAROLINA stricted only by Cuba's ability to pay. Japan, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Secretary. Cuba is one area where Sec­ too, has active economic relations with Cuba. retary Henry Kissinger should direct his Cuba is an outspoken member of the Monday, September 24, 1973 earliest attention. United Nations, and enjoys good diplomatic Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, on Friday American policy on Cuba has as we all relations with most states of the world, both of this past week I had been scheduled to know been in limbo for the last decade. socialist and nonsocialist, whether in Europe, Afrioa, Asia or the Middle East. speak on the campus of Campbell College In that time, several developments have Evidently, then, the United States is out at Buies Creek, N.C. My duties in the occurred which warrant, in my opinion, of phase with majority world opinion re­ Senate prevented my leaving Washing­ a new and detailed look at Cuban policy. garding Cuba, and is finding it increasingly ton that day. The current state of affairs between difficult to justify its Cuba policy to others. I was disappointed for a number of our Government and Cuba was summa­ A decade ago, the United States could claim reasons. For one thing, I am a former rized in a scholarly but succinct way re­ that ostracism of Castro's Cuba was required because (1) Marxism-Leninism was incom­ trustee of Campbell College, which is now cently by John N. Plank, a professor of being guided to further greatness by international affairs at the University of patible with the values of the societies m the Western Hemisphere; (2) Castro was in a Norman A. Wiggins, a longtime friend of Connecticut. I am submitting the sum­ military alliance with an extrahemispheric mine. Dr. Wiggins is a splendid college mation he offers, as printed in the Los power, the Soviet Union and (3) Castro was president, and my State-indeed the en­ Angeles Times of September 14, 1973, for attempting to export his revolution to other tire Nation-will profit immensely from review by my colleagues at this time: Latin American countries through subver­ his great efforts. I would so much have THE STUBBORN U.S. POLICY TOWARD CUBA: sion, terror and guerrilla warfare. enjoyed a trip to the campus. OUT OF STEP WITH THE WORLD MAJORITY Today, however, those arguments lack per­ Second, my mission in planning to go (By John N. Plank) suasive power. Not only has a socialist gov­ ernment been freely elected in Chile, but also to Buies Creek last Friday was to pay Not long ago a senior State Department the hand of U.S. friendship has been warmly tribute to a distinguished North Caro­ officer remarked, casually and complacently, extended to the People's Republic of China. linian and generous benefactor of Camp­ "Our Cuba policy is set in concrete." As a Castro's military dependence on the Soviet bell College, Mr. Fred R. Keith of St. statement of fact, his comment is accurate Union cannot be seen to pose a serious stra­ enough: The basic lines of U.S. policy to­ Pauls, N.C. tegic threat to the United States or other Mr. ward the government of, Fidel Castro were American states. To the extent that any such The occasion last Friday, Presi­ laid down more than a decade ago and have threat exists, it must be viewed as coming dent, was the dedication of a new golf not been changed substantially since then. directly from the Soviet Union, not from its course at Campbell College, in tribute But the durability of a foreign policy is Caribbean satellite. And Castro's efforts to to Mr. Keith. Preliminary to my speech, in itself no adequate measure of that policy's export his revolution, to make the Andes the I had prepared a few remarks in testi­ effectiveness, and we Americans can rightly Sierra. Maestra. of Latin America, have been mony to the fine citizenship of Mr. Keith. ask ourselves whether the established Cuba. dismally unsuccessful. I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Presi­ policy any longer serves our own national Why, then, does the United States not dent, that these preliminary remarks be interests, the interests of the Cuban people, change its Cuba policy to make it more or the broader interests of the Western Hem­ consonant with the facts and trends of today? printed in the Extensions of Remarks. isphere and the world. The answer is twofold: There being no objection, the remarks Cuba. policy as designed and implemented First, if the United States were to change were ordered to be printed in the Exten­ under Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, its policy, it would expect some reciprocity sions of Remarks, as follows: September 24, 1973· EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31203 FRED R. KEITH before the federal courts in connection with being of agriculture and all of us would Some advance information was sent to me a suit seeking the shutdown of 20 nuclear benefit from a better understanding and a few weeks ago about this dedication cere­ power units, including four o! ours. It 1s appreciation of the problems confront­ mony today. I found out a lot of things about therefore appropriate to comment on the ing America's farm families. my good friend, Mr. Fred Keith, that I had extreme concern for safety and protection not known before. I had known that he was of the public that governs the building, The speech follows: a good, solid, successful citizen-but I was operation and regulation of every nuclear MRS. HERBERT JOHNSON simply astonished at what this fine man power plant. Distinguished guests and Farm Bureau has meant to so many. To begin with, no knowledgeable critic friends, we appreciate the presence here of Much can be said about the blessing that today suggests that a nuclear power reactor every single one of you. We recognize the Mr. Keith has been to Campbell College. But will explode. What some do charge, however, dedication, the honesty, and the integrity the fact is, :'fr. Keith, has been a blessing to 1s that the reactor will run out of cooling required to be a good government leader. We everything he has touched. He doesn't brag. water and touch off an unacceptable release are aware, as well, of our own obligation to He goes ahead and does the job that ne.,ds of radioactivity. be a thinking, informed constituency. Only doing. The matter of concern is the heat which thus will a leader in the political arena be A little research discloses more than 50 remains in the nuclear fuel rods after a enabled to be a statesman, looking ahead to organizations, institutions and other en­ shutdown of the reactor. This heat steadily the way his decisions will affect the next gen~ deavors to which he has cont ribut ed a re­ declines, but it amounts to several per cent eration, rather than a politician, 10oking markable spirit of leadership. Hospitals, of the full-power value for several hours ahead only to the next election. The world schools,,agriculture busi:qess, banks, munici­ after shutdown. To prevent melting of the is in d~sperate need of ..statesmen, and they pal government, fire fightin g-you name it, fuel rods, the fuel must be cooled even after will be long remembered. and he's supplied his wisdom and his energy. shutdown. This is done by running the re­ I have chosen to base my brief comments He has been mayor of his town, he has been actor's main coolant system as long as on two quotations: "Life is made of marble an active participant in politics and gov­ necessary. and mud", from Hawthorne's House of Seven ernment--doing his best, as always, to make Extraordinary measures are taken to build Gables and "It was the best of times, it was things better than he foun d them. an d operate t his primary cooling system to the worst of times ..." from Dickens• A He's the kind of citizen who makes me glad minimize any interruption in the flow of Tale of Two Cities. Both quotes apply in that I'm a Nort h Carolinian an d an Amer­ cooling water. But in the unlikely event of a many respects to our country, to agriculture, ican-because, in a very real way, Mr. Keith failure, it is backed up with emergency core and to our own lives. The proportbn of symbolize'> the spirit of America. cooling systems which were developed marble and mud depends largely on us. We My friend, Norm Wiggins supplied me t h rough the exhaustive review process of the can increase the marble and decrease the with an i'1sight that tells something of t he Atomic Energy Commission. These back-up mud if we try. Our mix depends on our att i­ nature of Mr. Keith. An official of this fine coolin g devices have no function during tude, our understanding, our appreciation institution remarked recently that when normal reactor operation, but would auto­ for the things we have, and, more especially, "Mr. Keith takes an honest an d healthy matically take over in the event of a sudden on the a.mount of effort we are willing to put swing at anything, you can be sure that he and total shut-off of the normal coolant forth to make things better. wants to do it right. He has this reputation flow. It is the best of times: In many ways we at home, too. Mr. Keith is on e of the few The emergency core cooling systems of h ave never had so much reason to be t hank­ registered Republicans at St. Pauls. Repub­ each reactor consist of not one but four ful, so much m arble in agriculture. Farmers, licans are outnumbered there by at least ten separate subsystems with some of these built by and large, even had a good net income to one. But the Democrats of St. Pauls have in duplicate. This cha.in of safety precautions this pa.st year. There were record prices and elected Mr. Keith Mayor for six terms. That compares with having a half-dozen braking record farm production at the same time. tells you something about him." systems on an automobile, each backing up This year we expect a gradual simmering­ One of Mr. Keith's business associates had the other. Each of the cooling systems is down of the general economy, which ':'lill a word for those who might won der about tested before plant operation to establish affect agriculture and the food industry, but his sponsorship of a golf course. that they will provide the proper quantity there is little doubt that farm prices will Mr. Keith is a fine church .man, but he's of water in the required time. They are move intp winter on an upward tilt. · wise enough t o k~ow that a facility like a tested periodically after the unit goes into Forecasters assure us that the price bub­ golf cou.rse can· be a character-builder, and operation to be sure they are ready for serv- ble is not going to pop in 1973 or in early I am sure that will be the result of this ice if needed. · 1974. Demand for the key grains is solid. The splendid facility which will mean so much These layers of carefully engineered safe­ Administration would like to smother food fo the young men and women at tending guards, together with the quality assurance costs, but the price ceilings so far have 'back­ Campbell College. and regulatory surveillance that attend the fired, as we in Farm Bureau said they would. So it has been correctly said that Fred R. design, construction and operation of all Economists said they would. Agriculture Sec­ Keith is one of the most valuable public nuclear plants provides the basis of our retary Earl Butz said they would. We pre­ servants ever produced in Ea.stern North confidence in nuclear power safety. dicted that the boycotts, the price freezes, Carolina.. And, of course, as one who has and other controls would only delay the in­ served in years gone by as a trustee of Camp­ evitable explosion in food prices. With costs, bell College, I know personally that Fred A FARM WOMAN SPEAKS especially feed expense, streaking past prices, Keith is one of the top-ranking trustees ever livestock producers are ta.king a second look to serve this institution. at their plans for the future. Those who raise I am here today principally because of my HON. ff. R. GROSS corn and beans are inclined to sell rather r.espect and affection for Mr. Keith. He is one than feed. They are assured of tiptop grain of Nature's Noblemen, and I join you in ex­ OF IOWA prices so why risk growing livestock. Also, pressing to him a deep sense of appreciation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and admiration. God bless you, Mr. Keith. many farmers have a deep-seated distrust of Monday, September 24, 1973 government planners . . . a feeling that maybe those who engineered the food price Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, last week freeze, export controls, etc. aren't through NUCLEAR SAFETY IN PERSPECTIVE Mrs. Gross and I were privileged to at­ tinkering. We well remember all the pressure tend a dinner with 100 Iowa Farm Bu­ for members of Congress for a food price HON. CRAIG HOSMER reau Federation women who were visit­ freeze last spring when the Senate Democratic caucus voted to roll back food prices to the OF CALIFORNIA ing Washington. At that dinner, Mrs. Herbert Johnson, level of January 16. Senate members, by their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chairman of the Iowa Farm Bureau vote of 84 to 5 early in August to lift the beef Monday, September 24, 1973 price freeze immediately, apparently are now Women, made an excellent speech on convinced of the failure of price cont rols. Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ what could well be called the "State of This failure stuck out for everyone to see, if lowing editorial comment by Thomas G. Our Nation." they would. It now seems likely that the Ayers, chairman and president of Com­ . Mrs. Johnson,. the wife of a farmer giant tidal wave for price controls on food monwealth Edison Co., appeared in the living near Charles City, Iowa, put spe­ has moved back out to sea, washing with it July-August issue of Edison Service cial emphasis on the threat to our most the advocates of said price controls. We are News, the company's employe magazine. basic industry-farming-a threat that sure there will be more efforts, such as export is posed by too much government, espe­ controls, to hold down food prices, but we It affords a reasonable perspective on the feel that food at bargain basement prices has nuclear safety issue: cially at the Washington level. finally gone the way of the $800.00 auto­ THE CASE FOR NUCLEAR POWER Because I believe that Mrs. Johnson mobile, of the $2.00 shirt and the 5¢ cigar. Despite a record covering some 675 pla.nt­ spoke for the great majority of this coun­ As a nation, the end of the Vietnam con­ yea.rs of operation a.round the world with­ try's farm men and women, I commend flict probably overshadows everything else, out a. single radiation fatality, the safety of her remarks to the Members of Congress especially since it was brought about in an nuclear power plants continues to be chal­ from urban districts. honorable way in the eyes of the world, and lenged. Most recently the issue was brought All of us have a vital stake in the well- our POW's brought home. 31204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 24, 1973 There appes.rs to be reduced national ten­ persons wh o k now better what ls good for of turbulence and contention; have ever been sions a.s evidenced by fewer protests and us than we know ourselves. There is a found incompatible with personal security hardly a.ny riots. In fa.ct, we've almost for­ dangerous la.ck of understanding and appre­ or the rights of property." Our founding gotten the massive protests, riots, fires, explo­ ciation for the private enterprise system. Ob­ fathers felt the true interest of our country sions, which were the context in which viously the functions of price are poorly un­ would be best served by a. representational Wa.terga.te evolved. Recent statistics showed derstood. The governmental approach to democracy whereby the people elect repre­ that serious crimes declined la.st year by 2%, economic problems has too often seemed to sentatives to write the laws for them. Work­ marking the first dP.crea.se in 1 7 years. be one of floors, ceilings, or price fixing, none ing at its best, the public views would be According to some socla.l a.nd polltical of which solve the underlying economic refined and enlarged by being passed through scientists, there would seem to be some inequity. the medium of a. chosen body of citizens marble even in Watergate in the form of Mrs. Nullinger has very ably expressed our with wisdom, called a legislature or a some socially redeeming features to the whole concern over inflation. There's no wa.y to Congress. affair. One is that the Watergate revelations stop inflation unless we stop building into The instantaneous and universal report­ will simply inhibit future Presidents and our economy cost-price-push factors like ing of public events which is now occurring their sta.trs from abusing their burgeoning increasing the minimum wage, unemploy­ could lead into this kind of direct democ­ power as their predecessors have for a.t least ment compensation, social security benefits, racy. The Greek system, where citizens wrote 30 yea.rs. Another is the way the checks and etc. These by themselves sound good until laws in open assemblies, did not lead to ba.la.nces system works to restr.a.in an over­ we realize that inflation eats up the in­ good government. As Benjamin Franklin whelming Chief Executive. The televised Sen­ creases, and does inestimable harm to those said, when asked following the Constitu­ ate Watergate hearings have offered a. re­ on fixed incomes. tional Convention, "What have we?', he re­ fresher course on the Constitution. That Farmers are extremely concerned a.bout plied, "A Republic, if you can keep itl" document's resilence offers marble to our wa.y transportation strikes. We certainly do not To try to diminish the clashes between of life. object to longshoremen receiving higher pay our executive and legislative branches of gov­ Iowa Farm Bureau Women have awarded 11 the demand for their labor and the supply ernment, which intensified beginning With 18 2-year scholarships each yea.r for the past available so dictate. We are opposed to the Franklin Roosevelt, and ha.s climaxed in the 27 yea.rs. As we interviewed the top 36 ap­ government legislating longshoremen's and Watergate mess, we need Sena.tors a.nd Rep­ plicants for these scholarships this year, I Teamsters' Union monopoly power to lock resentatives chosen for courage and states­ felt that the quality of education in Iowa down the transportation system of America.. manship by a. constituency Willing to sup­ must be improving. The young people a.re The country cannot permit transportation port them with patience and forbearance. better informed, more poised, and more ca­ strikes. Consequently, we must either estab­ We would like to try to be that kind of pable of expressing themselves well tha.n were lish machinery for settling these strikes as constituency. the applicants a few yea.rs before them, they occur, or settle each one by an act of certainly better than ourselves .at that age. Congress. We a.re normally opposed to com­ As farmers we are pleased to be engaged pulsion, but in dealing with a monopoly in a growth industry. This term may surprise like transportation, we believe compulsory you. We have checked with stock brokers and arbitration of "the best final offer" variety UNITY REMAINS THE GOAL analysts. They tell us th.at growth industries should be a big improvement over political have these qualities: (1) a permanent de­ settlements dictated by Congress, with the mand for the product (2) an increasing de­ inevitable, disastrous delays. The good prices HON. PHILIP M. CRANE mand for the product (3) an adequate num­ prevailing in agriculture depend heavily on OF U..LINOIS ber of trained personnel ( 4) it must be a.n export markets. Foreign buyers tell us they efficient industry. Farming measures up by would llke to depend on us exclusively for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES some product or products but dare not be­ all of these criteria as one of the lea.ding Monday, September 24, 1973 growth industries in the nation. cause of the fear of a. dock strike. Why should I .am sure you already know this, but I a handful of la.borers have the authority to Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, as a further wa.nt to sa.y that we a.re, I think, justifiably lock farmers out of foreign markets? clarification of the West German Su­ proud of the importance of agriculture to Some unwarranted restrictions in the preme Court's interpretation of the Iowa. We are marble to our beloved state. form of environmental and safety standards dangle as a. millstone from the farmers' basic treaty between East and West Every $1.00 of fa.rm income gener.ates at least Germany, I am including in the RECORD $3 % of income up a.nd down Main Street and neck. As a. pra.ctica.l maitter, on the bulk of in the factories a.nd offices of Iowa's cities and Iowa farms, you will find owner-operators an explanatory article from the Cologne towns. This economic fact is the weather and family members involved in the actual paper. I have placed in the RECORD ad­ vane of Iowa's future. Iowa's rich soil al­ work. Safety to them is a persona.I matter. ditional statements on two earlier occa­ ready produces more wealth tha.n all the If the issue were simply one of safety, the sions so that the Congress might have gold mines in the world. Our food produc­ remedy would be simple. It isn't. The farmer an opportunity to examine what ls at tion is the envy of the world-it wants more does not ha.ve the power to "pass on" added stake in this verdict: of our farm output, and ls Willing to pay high costs of production entailed in the use of safety and environmental controls. [Translation from the German article from prices for it, particularly for high protein Koiner Rundschau, Aug. 1. 1973] food-.animal proteins. This growing need will No one appreciates the beauty of the place a.n even greater demand on Iowa's high­ countryside more than do farmers. No one is UNITY REMAINS THE GOAL. ly efficient partnership between industry and more concerned about family health than (By Rudolf Heizler) farmers. Farm Bureau la.dies, it should make farm women. We support reasonable, intelli­ A verdict which satisfies both parties, ts us st.and tall. gent efforts to prevent pollution. Iowa Fa.rm a rarity. That applies to the ruling of Karls­ We are not complainers. We a.re not pro­ Bureau Women selected this as one of their ruhe on the basic treaty. The federal govern­ testors. We recognize that, in many ways it major study and action program emphases ment exults over rejection of Bavaria's claim, is "the best of times". In most ways there the pa.st two years. We pledge our support it is triumphant because the seven judges is more marble in our way of llfe than ever for any necessary legislation to a.void Jeo­ did not declare the treaty incompatible with before. pardizing the health of consumers. the constitution. The Bavarian government However, in some ways, it is "the worst of On the other hand, some proposals being is satisfied because the judges accorded a. times". It is important that we talk a.bout considered would make it virtually impos­ very clear interpretation to the basic treaty problems so that we can seek solutions. Even sible for the family-type farmer to keep on as well as to the basic law in the area of though our national posture and our personal !arming. With today's consumer unrest, lt reunification. lives contain most marble, the mud in the is inconceivable that consumers would sup­ The ruling of Karlsruhe does not only crevices can be extremely dangerous if not port the imposition of a.ny restrictions which would place added pressure on food costs, effect the pa.st by giving its subsequent con­ given attention. This is our purpose in dis­ stitutional blessing to a treaty already in cussing the matters of concern to us. One particularly when the interest and position validity. At lea.st of equal importance is its is the overdependence on controls and edicts of the va.st majority of the nation's farmers effect on the future. The verdict imposes to try to correct problems. A recent survey has been virtually ignored. Many of the very close limits on the political activities showed that those who call for more and standards at best attack pocket problems of the government vis-a-vis the GDR which more state intervention into the lives of in­ which a.re clearly localized. We get concerned must not be transgressed. The decision of dividuals are calling for a. policy which the about government leaders who pay lip serv­ July 31, 1973 is no blank cheque for the majority of Americans reject. The plight of ice to preserving the family fa.rm then vote for rules and regulations which definitely coming negotiations between the two parts the American Indian is conspicuous evidence threaten its survival. of Germany. of the sorry results of extremes of manip­ Our final concern ls over a fundamental In regard to the subject matter at issue, ulation a.nd intervention. They resent the change which seems to be taking place in it 1s probably the most important verdict paternalism of people coming out to the ever passed by Karlsruhe. It receives added reservations asking only to be of service in our process of translating public opinion weight through the fact that it was passed their own inimitable ways, quoting from into laws. More and more our government unanimously. There is no minority vote. Vine Deloria., Jr. in his book, "CUster Died 1s resembling the kind of "direct democ­ That gives the treaty an unusual moral for Your Sins." We in agriculture resent, racy" about which James Madison wrote: power, which no politician Will find it easy a.lso, the rules and regulations imposed by ••such democracies have ever been spectacles to ignore. September 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31205 For the federal government the reasons for SKYLAB PROVES MAN'S FLEXI­ fly to the Western White House at San the verdict also contain something of a BILITY Clemente to meet visiting Soviet Communist scolding by stating that in regard to the Party Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and Presi­ timing on validating agreements it should dent Richard Nixon. be born in mind in the future that every HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Conrad never had any doubts. Immedi­ law can be examined. The court wants no ately after the splashdown, he declared the repetition of the time pressure applied to OF TEXAS mission a success and stated that he and the this treaty. The guiding principles of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other two Skylab crew members had proved decision state expressly that the executive Monday, September 24, 1973 that men could live and work in extended should not try to disregard the constitu­ periods of weightlessness. The doctors later tional court. Most likely, the court would Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, concurred. not have accepted disregard by the govern­ the Japan Times, June 28, 1973, offers a But the "fix-it" crew of Skylab did much ment in this proceeding either, if it had good perspective on the Skylab program more than prove men could adjust to not been determined from the start to give as it proceeds with outstanding success weightlessness for four weeks. Through their its constitutional seal on the basic treaty. into its second mission. This editorial de­ risky repair work on a solar panel, they saved Some parts of the guiding principles de­ the entire Skylab project from failure. In serve emphasis: The claim to reunification scribes well the achievements of astro­ Houston, Skylab Director Kenneth Klein­ is confirmed expressly as "restitution of nauts Charles Conrad, Joseph Kerwin, }{.nech t made this interesting observation: the national unity." Willy Brandt's notion and Paul Weitz, who capably and coura­ "We demonstrated that man, whether he of the nation as an eternal value beyond geously made Skylab work when it ap­ be on the ground or in the air, is the most the existing borders with common cultural peared that the entire mission would be flexible, adaptive, non-specialized machine traditions of both German states obviously lost. As the remainder of the Skylab in existence today.' does not suffice the constitutional court. program unfolds, it becomes clearer each We can all draw encouragement from the A German citizen is not only a citizen of day that their achievements provide fa.ct that we are still better than machines the Federal Republic. The inhabitants of and that there is the need if not the necessity the GDR also possess German citizenship substantial lessons for the future of the for manned space flights. Only men with and thus full legal protection, just like any space program. Clearly, man_has a sig­ tools saved Skylab from disaster. other German citizen. There are not two nificant role to play in repairing, re­ Although testing the endurance of man in German citizenships, one for the FRG and trieving, and altering during the course prolonged weightlessness was one objective one for the GDR. That means that every of a mission the spacecraft that per­ of the Skylab program, there were others of resident of the GDR may stay in the Federal forms useful functions for us here on great scientific importance. The Skylab Republic (for example following his suc­ Earth. The achievement of Skylab makes crew brought back to earth 80,000 photo­ cessful flight), if his flight was motivated the development of the Space Shuttle, graphs of the sun which were the clearest by purely materialistic or private and not yet ta.ken, 14,000 photographs of the earth's by political reasons (such· as persecution now underway, even more important. resources and nine miles of magnetic tape because of his oppositional attitude). Re­ The editorial follows: which recorded other earth data. striction to the political right to asylum is [From _the Japan Times, June 28, 1973] . One of the most spectacular observations thus eliminated. SKYLAB PROVES MAN'S FLEXIBILITY was made only a few days before the mis­ The twin character of the basic treaty The three American astronauts in the first sion ended. The Skylab crew was able to is also clearly stressed. It is basically a treaty Skylab mission established a long list of im­ photograph a. massive solar flare from the of international law. However, according to pressive records but above all proved that sun measuring 40,233 kilometers in width. its substance it is a treaty of a special na­ men can not only survive but think and Excited scientists were convinced that these ture which settles "above all inter-se rela­ work effectively during prolonged space voy­ photos would help explain this phenomenon tions", i.e. relations between each other. ages. · which periodically disrupts radio communi­ The GDR is therefore no foreign state in_ Their achievement makes possible the sec­ cations on earth and causes magnetic storms the eyes of the court, and Member of Parlia­ ond Skylab mission. Three more astronauts that ca.use power blackouts. ment Dietrich-Wilhelm Rollmann (CDU) are scheduled to rendezvous with Skylab The accompl~hments of the first Skylab may continue to use the address "fellow­ July 27 to begin 56 days of occupancy­ mission were many an<1 significant not only countrymen" when he is in East Berlin. twice the time spent aloft by the first crew. for the future of space travel but in in­ Trade must not turn into "external trade" And the first and two forthcoming missions creasing ma.n's knowledge of the sun and and may thus not be subjected to custom will represent a big step toward the day his own earth. We look forward to the even duties. · when men will be able to visit Mars and the longer missions of Skylab and to the knowl­ The wall, the barbed wire, the death-stripe other planets. edge which will be obtained for the benefit and the shooting order are not compatible American astronauts Charles Conrad, Dr. of all of us on earth. with this basic treaty according to the ver­ Joseph Kerwin and Paul Weitz orbited for dict of the seven judges. These are clear 28 days, breaking the old record set by the words which are certain to be met with great ill-fated Soviet Soyuz crew which remained uneasiness on the other side. If the fed­ in space for 23 days and 18 hours. The Soviet MERITORIOUS BILL eral government takes this verdict seri­ spacemen were killed in preparing to descend ously-and that should not be doubted after to earth. it welcomed it so heartily-its negotiations The Americans manned the largest and HON. BILL GUNTER with the GDR will become very difficult in heaviest spacecraft ever launched. Skylab is the successor agreements. The constitutional OF FLORmA 40 meters long and weighs 100 tons. They IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES court has limited its leverage very closely. made 391 orbits around the earth traveling Any efforts to consider the GDR as a state 1,700,000 kllometers--both new records for Monday, September 24, 1973 like a hundred other states would be clearly manned orbiting space flights. And for the unconstitutional. Agreements to that ef­ first time in space history, they carried out Mr. GUNTER. Mr. Speaker, earlier fect will be canceled by Karlsruhe. repair work outside an orbiting craft. this month I joined the Honorable Relations between West Germany and East For Skylab commander Conrad, the space CHARLES VANIK and other Members of the Germany are not relations subject to inter­ flight that ended last week was a persona.I House of Representatives in the intro­ national law. But neither may they turn into international relations. The foreign minister achievement. He now has spent more time duction of the Fuel Economy Act of in space than any other man--49 days, one 1973. of the GDR, Otto Winzer, contested the spe­ hour and eight minutes during four mis­ cial relationship between the two parts of Stated simply, the purpose of-this leg­ sions. And although Conrad is 43 and older islation is to stimulate the development Germany during the ratification debate in than the other two astronauts, he experi­ the East German "People's Chamber" on enced less troube in readjusting to the and sale of · more efficient automobiles June 13. Thus interpretation of the basic earth's gravity after the crew splashed down by imposing a graduated excise tax treaty differs considerably with regard to a in the Pacific Ocean in their Apollo space­ based on fuel consumption. It would also very decisive issue. The constitutional court have the effect of reducing the Nation's sees the treaty differently, and it forces the ship. federal government to see it differently than For 24 hours after the astronauts came energy demands in future years. back, there was concern about their physical Otto Winzer. I was pleased to read an editorial re­ The verdict does not permit development condition and some doubts if man could cently in the Clearwater Sun newspaper withstand the rigors of weightlessness for in Clearwater, Fla., commenting on the of the basic treaty in direction of interna­ such a long period of time. All the astronauts tional relations. Reunification and state were wobbly on their feet and suffered from legislation and calling it a "meritorious unity continue to be the objectives. The dizziness and nausea due to ear and circula­ bill." federal government will have to enter the tory difficulties in readjusting from zero Mr. VANIK and the other sponsors of next round of the inner-German negotia­ gravity to the earth's gravity. the bill will be pleased to know that there tions on this basis. That will surely not de­ However, after 12 hours of sleep, doctors is a good deal of support for this legis­ light those responsible on the other side of pronounced that all three had made a rapid lation and I would like at this point to the wall and the barbed wire. recovery, and they were given permission to have the editorial by Mr. James L. 31206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 24, 1973 "Colonel Cl,earwater" Beardsley printed Federal laws and programs designed to which is painfully real. The establish­ in the RECORD. serve migrant and seasonal farmworkers. ment of a national office for migrant and MERITORIOUS BILL Due to the mobility of the farmworker se-asonal farmworkers would be an impor­ We are impressed with the common sense population State and local governments tant beginning in meeting this Nation's and obvious merit behind a consumer-ori­ are unable to meet their needs. In fact, resJ)()lllsibility to the migrant popula­ ented bill introduced in the U.S. House of they have traditionally shirked their re­ tion. Further, it would help consolidate Representatives by Reps. Bill Gunter (D­ sponsibility to migrants. the various migrant programs now scat­ Fla.) and Charles A. Vanik (D-Ohio). It is ironic that in a country popularly tered throughout the Federal bureauc­ They have introduced the Fuel Economy thought of as affluent, migrants continue racy. Instead of duplication of efforts, Act of 1973 designed to stimulate the de­ to live in poverty and despair. Their life conflicting program standards, there velopment of more efficient automobiles while at the same time reducing the na­ encompasses a rootless, almost nomadic would be a national migrant policy and t ion's energy demands. existence characterized by low wages, strategy. Under the Gunter-Vanik bill, a graduated poor housing, and often long periods of I firmly believe that both H.R. 10461 excise tax on autos would favor cars offer­ unemployment. In 1971 nearly 1.6 mil­ and 10462 would bring about a rededica­ ing higher gas mileage per gallon, and lion workers existed solely on farm wage tion to improve the social and economic would become effective with the 1977 model labor. On the average they were employ­ conditions facing farmworkers. Further, year, when the cars go on sale July l, 1976. ed 94 days, earning a total of only these bills would create a national office A standardized testing procedure would be $1,095-an average daily wage of about and unifying approach so that farm­ developed by the Department of. Transporta­ tion, and any ca.rs offering 20 miles per gal­ $11.95. Wages for migrant farmworkers workers can begin to better their life lon or more would be tax-free. continue to be the lowest of the working and share in this country's prosperity. I Reps. Gunter and Vanik point out that the poor. In addition, the work itself is un­ urge my colleagues to join me in estab­ average American car now gets 13 miles to predictable. Even when a worker has lishing this national approach and com­ the gallon. The excise tax on these would be traveled many hundreds of miles to har­ mitment. $120 to $140 for the 1977 model year, and if vest a crop, adverse weather conditions the manufacturer has made no improve­ like floods or frost may mean no work at ments, the next year the tax would double. all. Equipment breakdowns and short­ JOSEPH MANN, JR., ON THE SHORT­ The bill stipulates that revenues raised AGE OF BLACK DOCTORS from the tax would go into a fund to assist ages can cause further delays. in research into and development of alter­ But even if he finds work, he is not natives to the internal combustion engine. likely to receive the minimwn hourly The bill would offer a strong incentive !or wage for farmworkers, which is presently HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL auto manufacturers to produce a. more effi­ $1.30. Further there are virtually no OF NEW YORK cient product. In view of the high cost of overtime provisions in this type of work. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gasoline and the gasoline shortage, this is a. Untrustworthy employers often manipu­ measure that should get Congressional ap­ late the wages and hours so that a mi­ Monday, September 24, 1973 proval. grant or seasonal farmworker will get Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, one major even less than he thought he was bar­ reason for the present crisis in health gaining for. This situation helps to ex­ care faced by black Americans is the NATIONAL OFFICE FOR MIGRANT plain why children of migrant families tragic shortage of minority doctors. For AND SEASONAL FARMWORKERS are forced to work. It is estimated that too many years American medical schools one fourth of the farm wage workers in have practiced racial exclusion and have the United States are under 16 years of refused to train black doctors. Now, even HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL age. as the nwnber of minority medical stu­ OF CALIFORNIA Child labor has resulted in the loss of dents is increasing, it is evident that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES educational opportunity for farmworker there is still a drastic underrepresenta­ Monday, September 24, 1973 families. Migrant children, for instance, tion of blacks in the health professions. are enrolled in school sometimes less In addition, the Nixon administration Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, I have in­ than 80 percent of the school year. Dur­ has blocked attempts to improve the de­ troduced legislation, H.R. 10462, to es­ ing that year they are likely to attend a livery of medical care to all people in the tablish a national office of migrant and number of schools in different areas. United St.ates, further intensifying the seasonal farmworkers within the Depart­ They are usually not accepted by their shortage of quality health services to ment of Health, Education, and Welfare. classmates, nor understood by their low-income families. This legislation would affect between 4 teachers. What they experience is a deep and 6 million U.S. migrant and seasonal Joseph Mann, Jr., senior vice presi­ sense of rejection and alienation from dent for operations of the New York City farmworkers and place the responsibility society and its institutions. for coordinating the program in HEW. Health and Hospitals Corp. has ex­ Another obstacle facing migrant work­ plained the situation in an article ap­ The Federal office would be responsible ers is unsanitary and unsafe housing for the development of a national farm­ provided by growers. Some migrant pearing in the September 15, 1973, issue worker policy which includes setting pro­ workers and their families have been of the Amsterdam News as part of gram priorities and goals and allocating known to live in chicken coops with no the newspaper's series on "Blacks in funds to meet the needs of agricultural America": workers. The bill also directs the Secre­ sanitary facilities. Growers have used the need for housing as an advantage to keep BLACK HEALTH CARE: ONLY 7,000 BLACK tary of HEW to appoint a special task DocTORS force that would study and investigate workers from organizing and bargaining for fair wages and adequate living condi­ (By Joseph Mann, Jr.) the problems facing farmworkers and de­ The Kerner Commission reported that the velop a national migrant policy and tions. It has been reported that some nation is moving towards two separate so­ strategy. labor camps have become virtual prisons cieties, one Black and one white. One poor This proposal would replace our pres­ for the workers and their children. and one affluent. The truth of this statement ent system of resolving migrant prob­ This cycle of poverty and lack of op­ is apparent in the area of health care. lems through a multitude of Government portunity is perpetuated by the daily ad­ Although health care is an annual multi­ departments and agencies. This diffusion vances made in farm technology. While billion dollar business Blacks are receiving of programs has resulted in ambiguity many of these improvements have helped an ever decreasing share of health care serv­ increase our crop yield, they have also ices these monies provide. The cost of health and conflicts in goals, lack of a unifying insurance is rising with the costs o! health approach to migrant needs and frustra­ caused further unemployment among ca.re services. Voluntary and private hospitals tion among farmworkers. My bill would seasonal farmworkers. Since 1960 the are still rejecting Blacks who cannot pa.y. correct these wrongs and make one sin­ need for seasonal farm labor has dropped While group medical practices funded by gle agency at the national level respon­ nearly 30 percent, and further job losses state and federal monies a.re popping up 1n sible for migrant programs. due to mechanization will continue to fancy buildings throughout the nation, the A companion measure, H.R. 10461, occur. Black family has seen little money spent in would prohibit revenue sharing under This 1s a very stark picture but one building these facilities in our communities. September 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31207 Health care services remain fragmented and vised whereby these Blacks are encouraged PETROLEUM MARKETS AND sparse. to return to their communities. PHASE IV REGULATIONS HEALTH CARE CRISIS With the increasing exodus of doctors and other health professionals from the inner HON. PAUL FINDLEY cities, Blacks are faced with a growing health OF ll.LINOIS HASTINGS' TEAM IS A WINNER care crisis. Even if transportation were pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vided !or Blacks to travel outside their com­ munities for health care, they do not have Monday, September 24, 1973 the money nor the health insurance cover­ age to pay for the care they would receive. HON. JAMES F. HASTINGS Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, phase IV Health care has developed into a multi­ OF NEW YORK price regulations for petroleum market­ layered problem. The lack of adequate re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers have placed independent service sta­ sources in terms of money, facilities, and pro­ tion operators and fuel dealers and job­ fessionals in the Black community feeds Monday, September 24, 1973 bers in an impossible economic situation. upon the problem of the inadequate alloca­ Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, we hear Many are operating at a loss and face tion of existing resources. Blacks must work considerable talk these days about the bankruptcy. Some have already gone to get additional city, state and federal San Diego Padres coming or not coming bankrupt and are no longer serving their monies for facilities and the education of manpower while we work towards the re­ to Washington. customers who must now frantically structing of priorities in the present services. I, of course, am among those thou­ search for new fuel sources. Although the nation is faced with a mone­ sands who look forward to the return of Arbitrarily the Cost of Living Council tary crisis, monies are available to meet the big league baseball to the Nation's has frozen the margins which independ­ health care needs of the people. With the ent service stations may charge at the end of the Vietnam War millions of dollars capital. However, should the decision be an January 10, 1973, levels, while stations which :flowed into that effort can now be owned by the major oil companies may redirected. adverse one, and I certainly hope not, I charge May 15 prices. NEED QUALITY SERVICES am suggesting that all is not lost for For example, one small dealer in Illi­ In the reallocation o! existing resources right here on Capitol Hill, we have a nois operates several service stations. voluntary and private institutions which team that might as well be just what This dealer purchases petroleum prod­ have received public monies for their sur­ Washington sports fans are looking for­ vival should be held accountable. They should ucts from a major refiner and performs be required to provide their share of com­ a champion. the functions of both jobber and retailer prehensive and quality health care to the I am speaking for Jim's Giants, within one enterprise. Under phase IV poor Blacks. winners of the House Congressional Soft­ regulations, he is defined as a reseller­ Modes of health care delivery such as ball League for 1973. retailer. Neighborhood Family Care Centers have been Jim's Giants, and I say this with As I understand the regulations, there developed which revolve around the treat­ are three types of retailers defined: Re­ ment of the family as a unit. unabashed immodesty, was sponsored by This health ca.re vehicle seeks to treat me but I hasten to add that I had tailer, reseller-retailer, and refiner-re­ existing health care problems with the em­ nothing to do with the team manage­ tailer. Retailer and reseller-retailer prices are limited to August 1, 1973, costs phasis on preventive care and educating the ment, which no doubt accounts for its family in how to maintain good health once plus gross profit margins of January 10, it has been acquired. lofty record of 16 victories against only 1973. Refiner-retailers are permitted to Information on nutrition, proper diet, im­ l loss. use the pump prices as of May 15, 1973. munizations, exercises and the vital roles I will be merciful and not mention the These regulations clearly discriminate they play in health care is provided to the names of the Congressmen whose teams in favor of refiner-retailers and should be family as a unit instead of on an erratic suffered defeat at the hands of Jim's revised immediately. basis. Blacks have relied too heavily on the fragmented care received during visits to the Giants but I do want to pay tribute to Retail prices were depressed at most hospital emergency rooms. those who so ably represented my office. gasoline retailers on January 10, 1973. However, there are not enough outpatient Making up the pennant winning team There!ore, their gross profit margins facilities to cope with the growing demand were Terry and Linda Rothschild, Matt were inadequate to meet normal operat­ for services in the areas of mental health, Cary, John Mullen, George Lynch, ing expenses and phase IV has locked child care, drug abuse and more. Randy Cole, Jay Woodall, Dick Fontaine, them into this loss position. ONLY 7,000 BLACK PHYSICIANS Bob Johnson, Ellen Rayner, Ellen Weick, The effect of having profit margins Susie Chandler, Clare Ryland, Art Lang, frozen at January 10 levels upon this Through community organizations, legisla­ small dealer in Illinois is no profit at all, tion, community boards of municipal hospi­ Dick Raeon, John Wisiackas, Jim only losses. Following is a chart of this tals and through whatever mechanisms they Wright, Bruce Thevenot, Bill and Mike can Blacks must get these resources into dealer's prices both 1 year ago and to­ Malone, George Altenbach, Scott Bell, day. You will note that in each case his their communities at convenient locations Art Kusinski, and last but far from least, and operating at hours tailored to their prices are lower today than they were a needs. the team captain, Jennifer Sampsel, year ago-due to phase IV regulations­ Grants, loans and scholarships must be who not only is a good long ball hitter yet he must pay more for the gasoline he found to graduate Black health professionals. but also has a stellar record batting out sells today than he did last year. Conse­ Of a total of 305,000 physicians in the nation correspondence as a secretary in my quently, he is now operating at a loss. only 7 ,000 are Black. Methods must be de- office. Chart follows:

RETAIL PUMP PRICES- REGULAR GASOLINE (In cents)

Increase in Increase in Pump prices purch~se Total Pump prices purch~se Total pnce loss in pnce loss in Sept. 11, Sept. 11, Decrease interim gross Sept. 11, Sept. 11, Decrease interim gross 1972 1973 (increase) period profit 1972 1973 (increase) period profit

Springfield, IIL ____ =------.; 38. 9 36. 7 -2.2 +2.0 -4.2 Danville, Ill ______;; 38. 9 35. 2 -3.7 +2.0 -5.7 Jacksonville, Ill ______38. 9 35. 2 -3. 7 +2.0 -5.7 Marshalltown, Iowa ______.; 35. 9 34. 2 -1. 7 +2.5 -4.2 Champaign, Ill ______37. 9 35. 2 -2. 7 +2.0 -4.7 Ottumwa, Iowa ______.; 36. 9 34. 2 -2. 7 +2.5 -5.2 Clinton, Iowa ______Bloomington, "'------37. 9 36. 2 -1.7 +2.0 -3.7 34. 9 35. 2 (+. 3) +2.5 -2. 2 Galesburg, Ill ______37. 9 36. 7 -1.2 +2.0 -3.2 Waterloo, Iowa ______35. 9 35. 2 -.7 + 2.5 -3.2

Unless the regulations are changed, an who will be unable to find alternative crease in competition among fuel sup­ important segment of our fuel delivery sources during the approaching cold pliers, an increase in monopoly power system will be destroyed and along with winter months. among the major oil producers, and it the fuel supply of many consumers, The result of all of this will be a de- higher prices for all consumers. Already 31208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 24, 1973 this trend ls becoming an epidemic, and Cultivated land of the Black Belt, which lations of the District of Columbia, the Cost of Living Council's oil pricing runs from east to west a.cross Alabama, ap­ building permits are not issued to a con­ policies are one of the major causes. pears as a very light tone, while the forest tractor or to a developer unless the de­ areas of the Bankhead, Talladega. and Cone­ sign and purposes of the building are There is no rhyme or reason for this cuh National Forests appear quite dark as discrimination, which requires independ­ does the large pine forest areas north of consistent with the zoning ordinances ent stations to sell gas at below cost, Mobile and Baldwin Counties. for the structure's proposed site. The au­ while the major stations are permitted The photograph used for Mobile Bay was thority granted the NCPC insures that to make a handsome profit. apparently made in the spring, LaMoreaux not only would any plans for the District When House Joint Resolution 727, to said, because suspended sediment is quite preserve the character and design o1'tq.e make continuing appropriations, is be­ evident, indicating heavy discharges from city, but that development and construc­ rains. tion in the District would not proceed fore the House tomorrow, I shall offer the Several undetected lineaments and circular following amendment to end that dis­ patterns were found in the photographs on unless it were equally as protection of the crimination: Alabama's surface, indicating zones of pos­ Federal interest in this city. None of the funds made available by this sible mineralization and ground water move­ Act shall be used by the Cost of Living Coun­ ment, he said. cil to formulate or carry out a program which Copies of the map are available from the J. HOLLAND RANNELLS discrim.inates among petroleum marketers in publication sales department of the Geolog­ the method of establishing prices for petro­ ical Survey of Alabama at the University of leum products. Alabama. HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON OF MARYLAND I hope that the amendment will be ac­ cepted. All it will do is require that all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service station owners be treated alike, NCPC VETO POWE~H.R. 9682 Monday, September 24, 1973 no matter where the Cost of Living Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, last Friday, Council sets the price of gasoline. HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK I was saddened by the death of J. Hol­ OF CALIFORNIA land Rannells, an unselfish community leader and pioneer of cable television in COMPLETE STATE "SPACE MAP" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES western Maryland. The Cumberland Monday, September 24, 1973 News-Times recently ran a background HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, as one who story on Mr. Rannells which I would like OF TEXAS has served on the National Capital Plan­ to share with you now in memory of his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ning Commission as a representative of contributions to our area and the Nation. J. Holland Rannells will be missed, but Monday, September 24, 1973 the Committee on the District of Co­ lumbia, I would like· to take this oppor­ his accomplishments will long be re­ Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, tunity to comment on planning provi­ membered. the Birmingham Post-Herald of August sions in H.R. 9682. The article follows: 27, 1973 carried a most interesting arti­ This bill, which will be considered by PRESIDENT OF PVTV DIES AT AGE 70 cle on the first "space map" of Alabama. th'Is august body during the month of J. Holland Rannells of Romney, founder This program, which is a part of the October, incorporates a unique mech­ and president of the Potomac Valley Tele­ Earth Resources Technology Satellite anism for the protection of the Federal vision Company in Cumberland, died yester­ effort, is providing improved and up-to­ interest in planning within the District day at Hampshire Memorial Hospital. He was date mapping services which, heretofore, 70. of Columbia. Mr. Rannells, a former operator of Chrys­ were either unavailable or too expensive In title II, section 203 of H.R. 9682, the ler-Plymouth agency in Romney, ca.me to to be done by other more conventional National Capital Planning Commission develop one of the first, and at one time the means. Space related activity of this type is authorized to act as the primary largest community cable television system in is improving our daily lives. Our need agency for insuring the preservation of the United States. The local operation began is to continue to support this type of work the historic and national character of with three channels that year, eventually ex­ and intensify our efforts for the benefit this Nation's Capital, both through re­ panding to the present 12-channel system. of all the people. The article follows: He was a past director of the National view and veto power over comprehensive Television Association and a member of the COMPLETE STATE "SPACE MAP" Now MADE plans for this great city, and through Pioneer Club of Cable Television. AVAILABLE TO PUBLIC , controls over development in the city. To A member · of Romney United Methodist TUSCALOOSA.-State Geologist Phillip E. accomplish these ends, section 203 pro­ Church, he served on its official boa.rd. He La.Morea.ux Sunday annour ced the availabil­ vides that the District of Columbia City also was a member of Ali Ghan Shrine Club, ity of the first complete "space map" of Ala­ Council must submit all comprehensive its Provost Guard, BPO Elks Lodge 63, West­ bama. compiled through pictures ta.ken from plans, or plan amendments, to the Plan­ ern Maryland Chamber of Commerce, South the Earth Resources Technology Satellite. Cumberland Business and Civic Association LaMoreaux said Alabama is the first among ning Commission for its determination and Cumberland Country Club. In Romney, all state geological survey offices in the na­ of the impact of the plans on the in­ he was a member of Clinton Lodge 86, AF & tion to make the map available to the gen­ terests and functions of the Federal es­ AM, American Legion, Veterans of '.Foreign eral public. tablishment. The sole judgment of the Wars, an honorary member of Volunteer Fire He said 11 photographs imaged by the satel­ plan's impact is to be made by the Com­ Company and a director of the Hampshire lite between last July and this past March mission. County Library. have been made into a mosaic to produce the The NCPC has a 45-day period in Mr. Rannells was an Army Air Force vet­ map. eran of World War II, Active in community "The result is a cooperative effort and ex­ which to make its decision. If the Plan­ affairs in Romney, he was instrumental in ample of the continuing technological revolu­ ning Commission determines that a com­ the founding and building of Hampshire Me­ tion within the earth sciences," LaMoreaux prehensive plan or a plan amendment morial Hospital, the Romney swimming pool, said. The mosaic was pieced together at the has a negative impact upon Federal in­ remodeling of the United Methodist Church, Experiments and Evaluation Office of the terests and activities, H.R. 9682 requires restoration of Indian Mound Cemetery and Mississippi Test Facility at Bay St. Louis by that the city council either modify the Branch Mountain Cemetery at Three Henry T. Svehlak. The text was written by plans to remove the source of the nega­ Churches. The football field at Hampshire c. Wielchowsk'.y of the Remote Sensing Sec­ tive impact, or that it submit them to High Schol was named Rannells Field in ap­ tion of the Geological Survey of Alabama. preciation for his participation in that effort. The scale of the map being released to the the Commission for reconsideration. In A native of Three Churches, W. Va., he public ts about one inch to 18 miles. LaMo­ the event of a second determination that was a son of the late John B. and Hettie rea ux said that a band collecting red light the plans would have a negative impact (Martin) Rannells. was used to construct the Alabama map, on the Federal interest, the city council Surviving are his widow, Anita. (Moler) providing maximum contrast between would be forbidden to implement them. Rannells, a daughter, Mrs. Buford L. Saville, cleared land and forested land. This infor­ In addition to the previously stated Cumberland; a son, John R. Rannells, Rom­ mation, he said, will allow state agencies to means for protecting the Federal in­ ney, four grandchildren and one great-grand­ plan for Alabama's growth and development terest in planning, the National Capital child. i::1ore efficiently than in the pa.st. The body is at the Shaffer Funeral Home Cultural features are particularly promi­ Planning Commission is given the sole in Romney, where friends will be received nent on red band products, he said, and all authority to determine the conformity of after 2 p.m. today. Alabama's major cities appear in light grey zoning regulations proposed for Wash­ A service will be conducted a.t Romney tones. ington, D.C. Under the laws and regu- Methodist Church tomorrow at 2 p.m. Rev. Septembir 24-, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31209

Ronald R. Brooks will officiate and interment In placing the Welsh article in the Con­ gested." He agreed to call the President and will be in Indian Mound Cemetery. The body gressional Record, Senator Abraham Riblcoff, get back to us in a few days. will be taken to the church one hour prior who played a strong leadership role in the Neither Senator Ribicoff nor I heard from to the service, A graveside service will be in fight for welfare reform, said: "Welfare re­ him. About a month later he told me that charge of Clinton Lodge 87. form ... was the victim of political posturing he had tried his best, but that the President Pallbearers will be R. L. Sumner, Bernard and misunderstanding on all sides. There is would not go along with the compromise. Ac­ Hughes, Ralph W. Haines, William E. Orr enough blame to go around, but there ls no tually, there was no guarantee that the com­ Jr., Richard J. Hare, and Bruce Anderson. point in dwelling on that theme." While that promise would have passed the Senate even The family requests that expression of makes sense, perhaps some looking back will with the President's support. It was near the sympathy take the form o! contributions to help a.void repeating mistakes and false al­ end of the session and Senator Long with the Hampshire County Memorial Hospital or legations in the future. some colleagues was threatening a filibuster. Library in Romney. I do differ with Pat Moynihan in his in­ But without Presidential support, passage terpretation of the role of social workers and was impossible. liberals, however defined. What he over­ To most of us it was clear-welfare was looks is that many individuals and groups more important as a political issue than as WELFARE REFORM-WHAT NEXT? opposed the bill mainly because they didn't a program. think it was good enough. Whether they were The significance of all this for the future right or wrong is a matter of judgment. But lies in the fact that meaningful welfare re­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER it was not concern for their jobs or lack of form lacked a significant political constitu­ OF MINNESOTA concern for the poor that motivated their ency. In a national referendum such a pro­ opposition. gram would have met overwhelming defeat. IN THE HOUSE O:F REPRESENTATIVES Many who supported and worked to secure The public pressure that might have helped Monday, September 24, 1973 the passage of F AP also disagreed with some FAP was almost entirely lacking. Well, what of its specific provisions, and sought to have does happen next? As I have indicated, prob­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, in the them changed. The President's bill as it ably not much in the near future. Those of aftermath of the battle over the family passed the House under the leadership of us who supported meaningful welfare reform assistance plan, one of this country's Ways and Means Committee Chairman are likely to be immediately busy seeking to leading social policy experts has come Mills-with its coverage of the working poor prevent more repressive legislation and regu­ forward with some useful new ap­ and its provision for federal standards and lations than now exist. proaches to the problems of poverty and administration-had good potential for prog­ At the same time what Is needed is a major dependency. ess in welfare. But we did not think FAP was rethinking of the basic approach to the issue "the greatest piece of legislation since the of welfare and related programs. Aside from Mitchell Ginsberg, writing in Com­ New Deal," a claim that the bill certainly the politics there were basic substantive dif­ monweal, maintains that we must return contradictP.'l as time went on and it was ficulties in the FAP approach which were to the original concept of welfare as a weakened rather than strengthened. What never adequately considered. Senator Wil­ residual program for those with no viable we did see in FAP was something better than liams and his colleagues may have exagger­ alternatives. what we had~r were likely to get in the near ated the "notch problem"-the fact that a But first, Ginsberg goes on to say, we future. It was to be a beginning, not an end. family can lose considerable benefits by earn­ must provide avenues of escape from the To sug5est that liberals killed the bill is to ing a few more dollars and thus face a dis­ overlook &he work done by such organizations incentive to earning more-but that is n. current bloated and chaotic welfare sys­ as the AFL-CIO, the League of Women Vot­ problem, and not enough attention was given tem by strengthening social insurance ers, Common Cause, the UAW, the American over to it until it was too late. programs and implementing a policy of Jewish Committee and many others. It is true Also, there is the extremely difficult and in­ full employment. that many social workers and their allies op­ deed thus far the largely insurmountable I want to take this opportunity to in­ pcsed the bill out of conviction even if some­ problem of providing at least a minimally sert Mitchell Ginsberg's article in the times with exaggerated rhetoric. However, adequate level of payments for those who RECORD: most of them would be astonished by the can't work, while maintaining reasonable in­ contention that they had that much in­ centives for those who do work but require WELFARE REFORM-WHAT NEXT? fl.nence on Congress. supplementation. To cope with this problem (By Mitchell I. Ginsberg) \7ho can ever really know why a bill fails it has been proposed that welfare recipients Those of us who are still concerned about to pass? In my judgment FAP's be~t chance not have all their earnings subtracted from the problems of poverty in America must wa.s in 1969-70. It failed then because of in­ their payments, thus avoiding the so called recognize the fact that there will be no sig­ adequate preparation and effort by the Ad­ 100 per cent tax rate. But how much should nificant reform of t:t;_e welfare system for the ministration and other supporters; the de­ be disregarded? Set the amount too low and next few years. Politics and programmatic termined opposition of Senator Williams, presumably you create disincentives to work. inadequacy killed the Family Assistance Sena.tor Long and most other members of Set it substantially higher, the costs rise Plan, and no well-conceived or enthusiasti­ the Finance Committee; divisions among the sharply and many more people are on welfare. cally-supported alternative can be expected bill's supporters; and the fact that the latter Tinkering with the present welfare sys­ in the near future. were consistently out-maneuvered by the tem is obiously not the route to the legisla­ That 1s not to say that the urgency for opposition. tion of responsible programs. In addition to welfare reform has lessened, either among In 1971-72 the chances were never good, problems such as those I have just mentionoo the nation's 15 million welfare recipients, especially as the election year developed. as besetting FAP, there is the overwhelmingly the approximately 40 million more who are Once welfare became an election issue that negative attitude toward welfare throughout below or just above the poverty line, the clearly appeared to favor President Nixon, the country. And just changing its name program's administrators, public officials and there was little hope of passage of a bill that doesn't help. As a western state legislator put millions of American taxpayers-all of whom would remove welfare from the campaign. it, after I had spoken about FAP to a national agree that welfare is a failure. But there, una­ The last chance disappeared in the spring of conference he attended: "Commissioner, you nimity ends. The nation is divided on the 1972. Jeff Peterson of Senator Ribicoff's staff, explained the plan very well and I know you definition of poverty-what it is and what Leonard Lesser of the Center for Community are trying to help the poor, but what we mean to do about it; indeed, whether to do any­ Change and I represented the Senator in by welfare reform is getting people off wel­ thing a.bout it at all. Therefore, the urgent lengthly negotiations with the staff of fare, not adding more." jobs today are reviving a concern for Amer­ Health, Education and Welfare and the De­ While it is true that welfare reformers are ica's poor, developing a consensus on solu­ partment of Labor to work out the so-called interested in getting poor people the help tions and arousing a constituency. I suggest Ribicoff-Richardson compromise. An agree­ they need rather than simply adding to the that this can be done by concluding the ment was reached that was acceptable to rolls, this appears to many to be a distinction arguments about why FAP failed, resisting Senator Ribicoff and his colleagues and ap­ without a difference. Therefore, it is crucial to regressive legislation, correctly defining parently to HEW and Labor Secretaries Rich­ take a step back and look at the nature of poverty problems and subjecting alternative ardson and Hodson. the problems the system was supposed to con­ solutions to rigorous analysis before formu­ The President was then faced with three front. lating the next round of legislation. options: to stay with his own bill; to attempt A fundamental factor often overlooked is First, some thoughts on the three-year to work out an agreement with the Finance that the primary reason people are on wel­ Committee; or to go along with the Ribicoff­ struggle over the FAP. Those who were fare is that they are poor. Whatever else may knowledgeable enough about it to explain Richardson compromise. It appeared clear and fight for it were probably too close to it that the last alternative provided the only be involved, there are still about 25 million to be objective about why FAP failed. Jim reasonable prospect of legislation, but the people below the poverty line-approximately Welsh o! the Washington Star in a thought­ first had greater political advantage. $4,000 a year for an urban family of four­ ful and penetrating New York Times Maga­ At Senator Ribicoff's suggestion, I called and another 25 to 30 million at or just above zine article of January 7, 1973 and Pat Moyni­ Pat Moynihan and outlined the compromise, it. That means 50-60 mllllon Americans below han tn his thorough and interesting book, asking for his support and intervention with what almost all of us would concede is a The Polttics of a Guaranteed lnco1ne have the President. He said that the terms of the mlnb:n.ally decent standard of living. By any provided dl.ff'ering interpretations of what agreement made complete sense and "were in definition that's a problem, and it helps not happened and why. line with what the President originally sug- at all to say that "the poor will always be 31210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 24, 1973 with us," or that "they are rich in compari­ It is only a few short years since I spoke pub­ benefit levels, longer coverage, federal stand­ son with the poor in other countries." licly about having to operate a billion dollar ards and some federal financing. Such drastic A second key fact is that welfare is neither welfare program like a "corner candy store." changes present many difficulties and will the basic cause of nor the solution to the While doing everything we can to improve require the most careful working out. They poverty problem. Nor was the welfare program welfare administration, however, we should will encounter very strong political opposi­ ever intended to be so. Basically, it was de­ also respect the recent words of John Vene­ tion. But meaningful debate and action on signed as a residual program to take tem­ man, Under Secretary of HEW-"We are at them is long overdue. After all, unemploy­ porary care of those not covered by one or best fighting a holding action in welfare ad­ ment insurance was the mechanism estab­ another of the more basic programs. It has ministration today and • . • this state of lished for loss or lack of employment. It is been the failures in our education and health events cannot greatly improve under exist­ time we began to use it more effectively systems, in our supposed commitment to­ ing law." Also, one of the very helpful studies rather than continuing to shift the burden ward full employment, in our social in­ in Public Welfare carried out for the Sub­ to a welfare system which obviously cannot surance system including unemployment in­ committee on Fiscal Policy chaired by Con­ handle it. surance, that have thrust on welfare a re­ gresswoman Martha Griffiths of the Joint This approach would remove most of the sponsibility it was never designed to handle. Congressional Economic Committee makes unemployed from welfare. Something would Up to now we have not been able to get the point that: "The present welfare system then have to be done about the working poor. beyond the confusing and largely fruitless is an administrative nightmare: it may also Equity requires that some provision be made debate about ineligibles, fraud, employables, be an administrative impossibllity." for the large number of persons who work illegitimacy, management or lack of it, etc. This review of the major difficulties with full time but whose incomes are below an ac­ These are important issues because of the the present welfare program points to what I ceptable level. Their inclusion in the Family money involved and the effect on public sup­ believe are inevitable conclusions: We must Assistance Plan was one of its most innova­ port or lack of it. There are both ineligibility move to make welfare the residual system it tive features, but covering them under wel­ and fraud, and to the maximum degree pos­ was originally designed to be, by separating fare creat es many problems that appear to sible, they should be eliminated. (Inciden­ out as many individuals and groups as pos­ defy both practical and political solutions. tally, the need to differentiate between these sible and keeping in the program only those The greatly expanded food stamp program two is long overdue. It is clear that more for whom there are no viable alternatives. has helped somewhat and a more realistic than half of the cases of ineligibility and At the same time, we must have no illusions minimum wage with fuller coverage would over-payment are caused by mistakes, not that any improved system can make up for reduce the number to be aided. But some fraud; and the mistakes are much more the failures of such systems as health, edu­ federal system of supplementation of earned often made by the worker than by the recip­ cation and employment. Not to do something income for the working poor remains essen­ ient. Given the unbelievable complexity and significant about these systems will simply tial. There is a variety of possible approaches variety of welfare systems in the 50 states perpetuate dependency; but that is a subject including but not limited to children's allow­ and over 400 welfare jurisdictions, some of for several other articles. ances, tax credits and wage supplements. the mistakes seem impossible to eliminate. There a.re no blueprints to achieve wel­ Each one needs to be discussed thoroughly, We must do better, but real progress will fare reform objectives, and there is no one planned and tested for workability, costs and come only with significant change in a program that provides a solution. Various political feasibility. But the problem will not largely unworkable system.) alternatives will have to be considered and go away, nor can it be allowed to sink back Meanwhile, the debate rages on about in­ in some cases tested to provide a meaning­ into limbo. eligibility. I don't know what the real figure ful package of programs. Wha,t I have outlined is a conception rather is, and I doubt that anybody does; probably Over a period of time an expansion of the than a plan that probably raises more ques­ somewhat higher than I and my fellow pro­ social insurance systems will be an absolute­ tions than it answers. What is needed is a fessionals have usually estimated. At the ly essential element of this package. One package approach that separates the unem­ significant step has already been given re­ ployed and the working poor from those on same time it is much lower than the general welfare. Only then can we begin to define public assumes. Let's do everything we legit­ sponsibility for administering the program for the aged, blind and disabled. (Inciden­ welfare as a truly residual program. Only imately can to reduce ineligibllity and over­ then can we begin to develop a. federally ad­ payments, but let's also be equally concerned tally, the removal of requirements to take liens on a recipient's possessions and to hold ministered and financed income maintenance about the eligibiles rejected and those who system at an adequate level for those in need receive under-payments. relatives responsible for their care a.re two little-noticed, but very important improve­ and who will continue to be in need until Much the same sort of debate has gone health, education and other systems begin to on about the number of employables on wel­ ments.) Over a period of time these pro­ grams can be more closely integrated into carry out their responsibilities more effec­ fare. An estimate largely depends on the ex­ tively. tent to which one includes female-headed social security, although problems of fund­ families (AFDC, the largest welfare category) ing and of the effect on the insurance con­ i:ti the discussion. Contrary to public belief, cept will make this a politically touchy is­ there are very few employable men on wel­ sue. TITLE I AND THE CONTINUING fare, although the status of men who are re­ Separating out the unemployed and the RESOLUTION-A PROBLEM THAT lated to welfare families but are not them­ clearly employable from welfare is another MUST BE SOLVED selves on the rolls is a question not to be essential step. My colleague, Tom Joe, re­ casually dismissed. cently of HEW and now with McKinsey & I have long felt that the issue of AFDC Company, who has been doing some crea­ HON. ALBERT H. QUIE mothers' working is a highly over-rated one. tive thinking in this area, points out that OF MINNESOTA of 2.6 million parents in AFDC in 1970, 355- Many mothers and their families would be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES better off with the mother employed. How­ 000 were employed either full time or part ever, shouldn't that be their choice as it is time; of those not currently employed, 1.6 Monday, September 24, 1973 million had previous employment experience for non-welfare mothers? The evidence over­ Mr. QUIE. Mr. Spe.aker, currently a whelmingly is that many more mothers want and more than 1.1 million or 44 percent had to work than are able to because of the un­ actually been on unemployment insurance great number of school districts across availability of jobs or day care for their chil­ and had exhausted their benefits. the Nation are suffering losses ln their dren. Leonard Goodwin in his recent book It is neither logical nor feasible to ex­ programs for the educationally disad­ Do the Poor Want to Work? has shown that pect welfare to be responsible for most of vantaged funded by title I of the Ele­ "welfare recipients, whatever their race or these people. Much the same is true for mentary and Secondary Education Act time spent on welfare have essentially the their first job. What we have to recognize is because of the effects of the provision in same work ethic and life aspirat ions as do the real problem; la.ck of work and adequate both the continuing resolution and the employed middle-class people." jobs. Only when we fully accept this es­ sential fact can we move toward a solution. Labor-HEW appropriations bill holding The issue remains not willingness to work, each State harmless to the total num­ but the availability of Jobs. What is puz­ Inevitably, this means a strong commit­ zling is the lack of attent ion given this es­ ment to a true full-employment policy which ber of dollars it received in fiscal 1972. sential issue. With an official unemployment would guarantee jobs for all. Where the Since fiscal 1972 we have learned the rate only now getting down to 5 percent problem is lack of work, let us provide work effects of the 1970 census and have dis­ and the actual figures including the under­ and real jobs, not rhetoric like workfare and covered that there have been shifts in employed-those who have given up looking work ethic. For a nation presumably com­ title I funds even more dramatic than I for work, etc.-more than double that, where mitted to the concept of work, our failure to develop and implement a realistic policy had predicted. The number of title I eli­ are the jobs that wellfare recipients are to of full employment is baffling, to say the gible students in some areas has doubled fill? If these jobs are available, why the un- least. while other areas have had a decrease in employment and the under-employment? As part of this type of employment policy, title I students. Since we had to wait Much has been said recently about poor the unemployment insurance system or some until fiscal 1974 to apply new census sta­ administration in welfare. Programs need to similar program would become the mecha­ tistics, changes which took place over a be bet ter administered, and welfare has been nism for dealing with the weak spots and the slow to adopt modern management techni­ limit at ions. Obviously, this would mean a 10-year period were imposed in one fell ques and equipment. Until very recently, who drastically revised and strengthened unem­ blow. was willing to invest the necessary resources? ployment insurance program with higher Since the hold harmless provision 1n September 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3121f ' the continuing resolution did not protect States even more than the census has States which have gained population. local school' districts in any way, the ef- ·indicated. One of the major tragedies is The table below shows the gains and !ects of the State hold harmless provi- that the State hold harmless prevents losses among States as the result of that sion was to skew the distribution within money from reaching children in those provision.

TABLE A

Fiscal year Fiscal year Percent of Fisca, year Fiscal year Percent of 1974 ESEA I, 1974 ESEA I, formula 1974 ESEA I, 1974 ESEA I, formul a part A esti- part A esti- allotment part A esti- par t A esti- allotm ent mated allot- mated allot- Loss or gain with fiscal mated allot- mated allot- Loss or gain with fiscal ments with ments without under hold year 1972 ments with ments wi thout under hold year 1972 State 1972 floor 1972 floor harmless floor State 1972 floor 1972 floor harmless floor

l\labama •• ------••••.•.••• $42, 202, 992 $22, 685, 091 +$19, 517, 901 186. 04 Nebraska •••.....••... ______•.. $8, 461 , 135 $7, 789, 028 + 672, 107 108. 63 Alaska ••••. ___ .••••• ------•• 4, 108, 676 4, 745, 528 -636, 852 86. 58 Nevada .••••.•••••. ------1, 666, 084 1, 950, 597 -284, 513 85. 41 Arizona .••.••••... ------•••• 11 , 523, 805 13, 047, 637 -1,523,832 88. 32 New Hampshire ...•...... •••. 2, 801 , 095 3, 304, 210 -503, 115 84. 77 Arkansas .••• ___ __.------.• 26, 470, 169 13, 383, 963 +13, 086, 200 197 . 78 New Jersey ____ .. ------. 60, 773, 155 73, 044, 917 .-12, 271 , 762 83. 20 California .....•••••••••••••.... 151 , 796, 957 183, 335, 748 -31, 538, 791 88. 80 New Mexico ..••...•...•.•••••• 11, 203, 896 10, 614, 276 + 589, 620 105. 56 Colorado .•• ------14, 061, 868 16, 598, 162 +2. 536, 294 84. 72 New York ..•.•••.•••••.•..•••• 255, 282 , 719 309, 962, 830 -54, 680, lll 8Z.36 Connecticut.. •..•. : •...•.•••••• 17, 099, 599 20, 457, 938 -3, 358, 339 83. 58 North Carolina •...... • ..•.•• 61 , 621, 074 35, 255, 652 .+ 26, 365, 422 )74. 78 Delaware. ___ •••• ____ • _____ ••.• 3, 649, 464 4, 212, 224 -562, 760 86.64 North Dakota .------. .••••.• 5, 447, 877 4, 140, 123 . + 1. 307, 754 13\.53 Florida .•.••••••· •..••..•••.•••• 39, 837, 839 40, 721, 904 -884, 065 97. 83 Ohio •.•.....••.. ------.• 51 , 107, 359 61, 063, 079 . -9, 955, 720 8?. 70 42, 188, 006 32, 050, 692 + 10. 137, 314 139. 63 Oklahoma ..•.. ------20, 300, 817 17, 010, 041 +3, 290, 776 11:l 35 ~======4, 636, 313 5, 594, 705 -958, 392 82. 87 Oregon .••....•••..•.. _____ •••• 12, 858, 310 15, 009, 650 -2, 151, 340 85. 67 ~:e~t~Idaho . ..--~ ______. ____ _------.• 3, 977, 755 4, 307, 637 -329, 882 92.34 Pennsylvania •••.•• ------74, 583, 599 88, 482, 429 .-13, 918, 830 21. 27 Illinois •.••. ------•.•.•....•• 82, 549, 907 100, 027, 048 -17, 477 , 141 82. 53 Rhode Island •• • •••...•...•.•.. 6, 041, 948 7, 252, 309 -1. 210, 36l 83. 31 Indiana._ •.. ____ _•.•...... •••• 20, 487, 387 24, 353, 714 -3, 866, 327 84. 12 South Carolina •...... •. 37, 107, 533 18, 991, 562 .+ 18, ll5, 971 195. 39 Iowa ...... ••• ______.------• 16, 645, 654 12, 594, 561 +4, 051 , 093 132.17 South Dakota •• -•------6, 870, 494 4, 632, 141 + 2, 238, 353 148. 32 Kansas •• ..•...... •••.•• ------12, 478, 897 11, 930, 161 + 548, 736 104.60 Tennessee •.•.• _•• ______•• __ •• 38, 712, 613 20, 021, 999 -+ 18, 690, 611 193. 35 38, 302, 224 23, 014, 304 +15, 287, 920 166. 43 Texas ______•.•.•••. ______93, 439, 492 81 , 923, 055 +u. 516, 431 114. 06 t~~!~ ~~~======37, 989, 922 31, 943, 897 +6, 046, 025 118. 93 Utah .•••.•. ------·-- 5, 302 , 785 6, 304, 179 -1, 001. 374 34.12 Maine ...... ••. ------. ----- 6, 549, 274 7, 617, 589 -1, 068, 315 85. 98 Vermont. .•.•.•..• __ ... __ •••••• 3, 014, 806 3, 268, 002 -253, 196 !12. 25 Maryland •.•. •• __ _•.•.. ------24, 621, 223 29, 564, 565 -4, 943, 342 83. 28 Virginia .•.•...••...... •..•••.. 37, 084, 416 29, 347, 081 +1. 737, 335 126, 36 Massachusetts ... ------33, 505, 700 40, 254, 091 -6, 748, 391 83. 24 Washington .•.•••.... __ •.•••••• 19, 676, 262 23, 307, 758 -3, 63.1 , 496 84. 42 Michi gan ..••. •. ------65, 576, 522 78, 255, 320 -12, 678, 798 83.80 West Virginia ••••...•...•.••••• 21 , 681 , 593 12, 118, 337 + 9, 563, 256 178. 92 Minnesota •....•.•....••••...•• 23, 183, 881 22, 160, 878 + 1. 023,003 104. 66 Wisconsin ••••••• ------•••••• 19, 931 , 228 23, 752, 279 -3. 821 , 051 83. 91 44, 154, 990 22, 829, 237 +21, 325, 753 193. 41 Wyoming •.•..••••••••••••••••• 1, 821, 060 1, 891, 064 -7, 004 101. 59 ~:~~~i:r. ~~ ~ ======28, 547, 584 24, 025, 663 +4, 521, 921 118. 82 District of Columbia •••••••••••• 13, 478, 984 16, 197, 598 -2, 718, 614 83. 22 Montana .•.•.....• ------4, 379, 638 4, 425, 127 -45, 489 98. 97

Even more stark is the comparison of harmless. As the table below shows, some are receiving as little as 19 percent. That how much each State receives for each States receive as much as 80 percent of sort of inequity is simply not defensible. title I child as a result of the State hold the cost of educating a child while others

TABLE 8.- ESEA, TITLE I, PT. A, ALLOTMENT ANALYSIS OF STATE HOLD HARMLESS CONTAINED IN H.J . RES. 636 (PUBLIC LAW 9:J:-?f)

[Dollar amounts : n thousands]

State Percent State Percent average column 3 average column 3 Estimated per pupil is of State Estimated per pupil is of State allotment grant using average allotment grant using average Fiscal year with 1972 1972 floor per pupil Fiscal with 1972 1972 floor per pupil State 1972 floor allotment expenditure State l:tz floor allotment expenditure (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4)

Alabama .• • •.. ------•.•.•• $42, 103 $42, 203 $402. 72 76. 07 Nebraska •....••••••••.•••••••• $8, 338 $8, 461 $229. 92 28. 48 Alaska ••. ------2, 282 4, 109 290. 35 19. 99 Nevada ...•.• ------1, 274 1, 666 176. 97 22. 45 Arizona •••• ••••••• •••.•••••••• 11, 201 11 , 524 185. 48 24. 86 2, 394 2, 801 173. 27 22. 48 Arkansas •.••••• ••••••••••••.•• 26, 235 26, 470 427. 01 82. 33 ~:: r:r~fYs-~i~~ ======51 , 141 60, 773 225. 17 19. 83 California ••...•••• ______•...•• 135, 234 151, 797 170. 58 19. 94 New Mexico •..•.•.... ~------11, 026 11, 204 222. 96 32. 36 Colorado • .. ____ .------•• 12, 843 14, 062 170. 42 20. 97 New York .••• ------207, 039 255, 283 295. 12 19. 84 Connecticut.. .••.•.•. ------•••• 13, 940 17, 100 200. 19 19. 83 North Carolina ______60, 833 61, 621 390. 50 63. 84 Delaware .••• ______•••••••••••• 3, 327 3, 649 199. 77 20. 05 North Dakota •.••••..•••••••••• 5, 417 5, 448 267. 14 38. 98 Florida •••••...•.•.•.•••••••••• 37, 844 39, 838 175. 44 22. 45 Ohio .••.••••••••.••••••••••••• 44, 587 51, 107 170. 51 22. 35 41, 682 42, 188 279. 68 43. 38 Oklahoma .•.•••.•.•.•••••••••• 19, 820 20, 301 254. 99 40. 88 ~:::Ir_-_~======:== 3, 639 4, 636 195. 95 19. 92 Oregon .••..•.••.••• ___ ------. 12, 267 12, 858 189. 59 19. 81 Idaho ••..• _____ .------...• 3, 838 3, 978 188. 84 30. 95 Pennsylvania ••• ------73, 925 74, 564 183. 75 20. 20 I Iii nois . __ ••• _•••••••••••...••. 68, 663 82, 550 196. 94 19. 84 Rhode Island •...•....•..•••••• 5, 846 6, 042 188. 96 19. 85 Indiana ••••••••.•••••.•.•••••• 20, 034 20, 487 170. 84 21. 81 South Carolina •••.•.....••••••• 36, 357 37, 108 438. 59 76. 80 low a• •••••.••••.••••••••• ----. 16, 581 16, 646 284. 97 32. 95 South Dakota ..••••.•.••••••••• 6, 683 6, 870 328. 20 45. 64 Kansas •••• _••.•••.•••••••••••• 12, 105 12, 479 220. 90 28. 06 Tennessee ••••.•••••••••.•••••• 38, 263 38, 713 427. 22 77. 28 Kentucky __ ••••••. ••••••••.•••• 38, 084 38, 302 353. 57 61. 83 Texas ••.•...•. ------.••• -•••• 90, 094 93, 439 250. 04 37.44 Louisiana ...••.•••••.••.••••••• 37, 177 37, 990 253. 04 35. 32 Utah ..•...... •...... •..••.••• 4, 380 5, 303 170. 99 25. 74 Maine ••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 6, 379 6, 549 175. 96 24. 80 Vermont. •••.•.•...... ••••••••• 2, 621 3, 015 190. 39 23. 88 Maryland ..•••••••..••••••••••• 21, 241 24, 621 195. 47 19. 83 Virginia .• ______••..•.. ____ •••• 36, 127 37, 084 270. 71 36. 65 Massachusetts •• ------•••• 27, 121 33, 506 177. 36 19. 83 Washington. __.•... __ .••.•••• __ 15, 953 19, 676 177. 20 19.82 · Michigan . ------55, 196 65, 577 192. 75 19. 83 West Virginia •••.•••••.•••••••• 21 , 494 21, 682 389. 77 60. 51 . Minnesota .•••••.•••.•••••••••• 22, 936 23, 184 257. 28 25. 58 Wisconsin ...•••••••••.•••••••• 19, 327 19, 931 188. 47 19. 83 43, 902 44, 155 420. 34 89. 51 Wyoming ...... •.•.•• --- - 1, 810 1, 821 212. 40 24. 08 ~/;;~~~\~~~ ======28, 205 28, 548 253. 76 35.14 District of Columbia •....••••••• 9, 285 13, 479 221. 55 19. 84 Montana •.. ------4, 217 4, 380 208. 43 26. 00

In place of the 100-percent State hold twofold: First, it will permit moneys to tricts will be able to absorb the decrease harmless in the continuing resolution shift to States which have gained popu­ over a period of years rather than having which will come to the floor this week, lation since 1970; and, second, it will to suffer the loss in one blow. The effects I intend to offer an amendment to hold restore funding to many districts which local districts harmless to 85 percent of lost it because of the combined effects of of the amendment which I intend to offer the amount they received in fiscal 1973. the State hold harmless provision and are shown in table C. I urge your support The effect of this amendment will be the 1970 census. In this latter case dis- for this amendment. 31212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 24, 1973 TABLE C The related newsclipping follows: failure to relate itself to the music of the AN AMERICAN BICENTENNIAL OPERA WRITl'EN country it thinks it is honoring. BY A FOREIGN COMPOSER? The American Music Center, representing fi1~?tr. ir1: the community o! American composers, has estimated (By Paul Hume) already registered a strong protest against allotment with About four months ago the Chicago Lyric Fiscal year 1973 t 85 percent of the Lyric's contemptuous move. It is hard to State actual allotments 1973 floor Opera announced that it had commissioned think of a major opera company serving the an opera to honor the bicentennial o! the city that houses such famous American United States. names as Sears, Marsha.II Field, Walgreen Alabama ______$36, 401, 903 $31, 524, 245 For every reason this seemed a fine idea. Alaska •• ------. 3, 733, 423 4, 673, 262 Drugs and The Loop turning to Poland for Arizona .••• ---• ___ ••••••• 10, 996, 734 12, 698, 616 The arts should, and obviously are going to its new music. Arkansas •••••••••••••••• 23, 079, 131 20, 428, 998 play a major role in celebrating our 200th One further suggestion can be made at this California _------___ • 125, 654, 918 170, 843, 900 Colorado ______birthday. It is always a good idea to commis­ point with which the Chicago Lyric could 13, 203, 916 15, 962, 163 sion a major new work even though there is Connecticut______14, 082, 445 19, 322, 569 make handsome amends for its unbelievable Delaware. ______no guarantee that the final result will prove Florida ______3, 493, 086 4, 148, 008 goof: Without having to commission a single 37, 021, 551 40, 952, 113 to be great or merely good. It might possibly note, it could announce the U.S. premiere o! Georgia ••••·---·-······· 42, 634, 436 37, 055, 629 even be bad. From the Chicago company, 4, 137, 759 5, 183, 201 Roger Sesions' "Montezuma," an opera with Hawaii. ••••••·--···-·-· which has, throughout its 20 years o! life, American roots by one of the great musicians Idaho. -··-······--·-·· 3, 943, 640 4, 253, 677 kept fairly close to the conventional in reper­ Illinois_···------Indiana ______75, 824, 607 92, 778, 336 of this country. That would be an artistic 22, 141, 108 23, 156, 157 toire, the com.mission for a new opera coup entirely appropriate to the finest aims 1owa. ------····· 15, 708, 515 13, 788, 634 sounded especially promising. Until you saw of our 1976 celebrations. Well, Chicago-how Kansas.-----···-·-··- 11, 130, 264 11, 438, 319 the name of the composer to whom the com­ Kentucky_--············· 33, 227, 526 28, 619, 608 about it? Louisiana ______..; 34, 566, 397 30, 464, 800 mission was given. Maine ______• ...: 6, 513, 282 7, 181, 685 His name, if you can believe it-and I Maryland ______22, 269, 455 27, 777, 141 have double-checked-is Kryszto! Pender­ Massachusetts_ •••••••• ...: 28, 935, 270 37, 794, 665 INTRODUCTION OF THE SOLAR Michigan ______..; 61, 674, 584 74, 181, 276 ecki! Just in case you are not up on the Minnesota. ______...: 22, 830, 751 20, 727, 689 world's leading composers, Penderecki cer­ ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF Mississippi.------~ 37, 905, 476 32, 844, 431 tainly is one. He is 40. And he is Polish. Not 1973 Missouri.. ______.:-;: 26, 213, 359 23, 336, 876 Polish-American, Polish. Montana ______.: 4, 228, 832 4, 395, 566 Nebraska ______.: 8, 041, 771 7, 338, 379 When I first heard this news, I decided to Nevada ______.: 1, 313, 805 1, 862, 867 wait a bit to see if the Lyric Opera would not HON. CHARLES A. VANIK 2, 584, 343 3, 147, 063 New Hampshire.------~ quickly follow up the announcement with OF omo New Jersey ______.: 51, 464, 849 68, 540, 040 the names of several United States composers New Mexico.------..: 8, 944, 790 10, 099, 386 whom they were also commissioning. To such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES New York.------...: 212, 916, 666 286, 662, 020 North Carolina ______;: 56, 460, 652 50, 055, 178 a group of com.missions it would be hard to Monday, September 24, 1973 North Dakota ______.;.: 5, 265, 065 4, 875, 990 object. Ohio ______-;: 49, 873, 001 57, 783, 899 Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, our Nation's Oklahoma ______;: 18, 554, 868 16, 610, 786 But no such word came from Chicago. Oregon ______;: 11, 776, 238 14, 647, 518 Finally, I telephoned and asked if they were economy has thrived on the ready avail­ Pennsylvania ______...; 72, 188, 475 82, 577, 993 going to commission anyone else to write ability of cheap fossil fuels. We ineffi­ Rhode Island ••• ------~ 5, 572, 597 6, 782, 218 them an opera for our 200th birthday party. South Carolina ______;: 32, 163, 595 28, 589, 346 ciently consume energy with a naive ig­ South Dakota ______.;;; 6, 065, 968 5, 348, 790 The answer was blunt: "No." norance of the implications of our ac­ Tennessee ______;: 33, 551, 724 29, 337, 452 When I expressed a certain surprise, not tions. Only recently have we come to Texas ______;: 91, 309, 880 86, 089, 986 to say sheer disbelief, mingled with obvious Utah. ___ _,..__ ~ ;;-•••••• ::: 4, 785, 278 5, 971, 062 disappointment, the company's director of understand the costs in dollars, in harm Vermont._;;-__;-_;. ___ .; 2, 987, 323 3, 206, 751 publicity said, "Well he (Penderecki) cer­ to the environment, and impact on na­ Virginia ______-=..;- ••• - 34, 407, 313 30, 616, 220 tional security of our present pattern of Washington •••~-=---=..; 17, 234, 129 22, 326, 879 tainly is the world's leading opera composer, West Virginia ____---~ 18, 328, 333 16, 018, 586 isn't he?" energy use. 20, 489, 168 22, 559, 486 Wisconsin.--~--.;: The answer to that one, dear friends in GROWING AND CHANGING ENERGY NEEDS Wyoming_ •• ------=----.;: 1, 739, 326 l, 858, 127 District of Columbia •••:.. • ..:;: 11, 571, 059 15, 176, 036 Chicago, is "No." To stay with that line for a second, Penderecki has written one opera, The Clean Air Amendments of 1970 "The Devils of Loudoun,'' to the same story established a necessary, comprehensive 1 1973 allotment based on $1,585,000. as the Whiting play, "The Devils.'' Performed Federal-State program to achieve ac­ 11974 allotment based on $1,810,000. several seasons ago in Santa Fe, it turned out ceptable nationwide air quality by 1975. to be a. very absorbing version of the play With this vitally important legislation, with some highly dramatic and intense we have made significant changes in the music. The production suffered from a mis­ AMERICA HAS NO CONFIDENCE IN way we consume our energy. In an effort begotten stage set that continually broke up to rid our air of sulfur oxides, we have ITS OWN CO::JMPOSERS what should have been a very swift flow from scene to scene. shifted from high sulfur coal to more ac­ That, which is the sum o! Penderecki's ceptable alternatives such as natural gas HON. JOHN R. RARICK operatic work, can be heard in a very accurate and low sulfur crude oil. We have also OF LOUISIANA recording on Phillips 6700042. taken significant steps to curb the pol­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As for other operatic composers o! greater lutants discharged into our air by auto­ experience and at least as much stature and Monday, September 24, 1973 mobiles. All of these efforts to clean our accomplishment, the names of England's air have had impacts in the shape and Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, many Britten and Tippett and Argentina's Gina­ size of our energy budget. Americans continue to wonder why our stera come at once to mind as having vastly more proven knowhow. Further, as our economy has grown and national policies seem more oriented The point, Chicago, however, is that the our energy needs have expanded, we have toward helping foreigners than our own commission, or a commission, for 1976 should approached the limits of our domestic people. Another example of this seems go-how can there be any question about capacity to produce petroleum econom­ to be the recent fury unleashed over the it?-to any one of a large number of this ically and in sufficient quantity. And be­ announcement that a non-American has country's composers. Their names? It is cause of our society's overwhelming de­ been commissioned to compose an opera almost insulting to the wealth of this coun­ pendence on crude oil, we have been in honor of the bicentennial of the try's musicians to print a partial list, but forced to look elsewhere in search of oil. since Chicago has felt that Poland was its United States. best supplier for our nation's birthday Unfortunately, as our dependence on for­ One would hope that upon reaching observations, I may be pardoned for listing eign supplies grows, there is the very real our 200th anniversary that we would a few who have qualifications as varied as threat that our national security will be have developed some confidence in the they are substantial. compromised to narrow but powerful for­ creative ability of our own citizens. After Ranging from their 20s to the 70s, 1n eign interests. Our need for foreign oil all, Americans are the descendants of alphabetical order, and now living in the will become so great that a few nations every other country on the face of the :East, the Midwest or the Far West, we could will be able to hold us ransom to con­ Earth. suggest these names: Argento, Barber, stantly increasing prices. They will be Beeson, Bernstein, Copland, crumb, Ferris, Why should we increase funding for Hoiby, La Montaine, Levy, Mollicone, Rorem, able to try to hijack our foreign policy the National Endowments for the Arts Schuller, Schuman and Ward. Someone else into courses alien to our Nation's tra­ and Humanities if we do not have confi­ might very well name 15 others. If the ditions and beliefs. Even now, there are dence to use American artists for an Chicago Lyric Opera has not heard o! these ominous rumblings that the producing American celebration? men it is simply another indication of its nations want to renegotiate ownership September 24, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31213 questions and the 1971 Tehran agree­ rect energy from the sun could provide All solar heat costs based on amortizing entire solar system capital costs in 20 years at 6 percent interest. Capital investment ments on crude oil prices. Continued pe­ up to 80 percent of the heating and cool­ based on current prices of solar water heaters at $4 per ft 2 plus troleum consumption will create the most ing requirements In 90 percent of all current costs of other components, and on anticipated near-term serious balance-of-payments difficulties. new houses and single-story commercial solar collector price of $2 per ftJ. Following current projections, petroleum buildings. The panel suggests that a real­ OBSTACLES TO IMMEDIATE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY imports could mean a dollar outflow of as istic schedule for equipping buildings Reviewing these figures the obvious much as $20 billion a year by 1985. with solar equipment is 10 percent of question arises, "If solar energy is tech­ FAILURE OF ADMINISTRATION' S ENERGY POLICY new buildings constructed in 1985, 50 nologically feasible and economically All these factors have combined to percent in 2000, and 85 percent in 2020. competitive with traditional fuels, why paint a gloomy picture of our energy fu­ Following these projections solar energy do not we see more solar houses being ture. President Nixon has suggested lim­ could provide considerable savings in constructed?" The answer to this ques­ iting our commitment to clean air as a fossil fuel costs. According to the panel's tion must come in two parts. First, we way out of our immediate dilemma. At report: must look at the nature of the building the same time he has proposed a multi­ Equivalent annual values of probable fuel industry today. Second, we must under­ faceted program to encow·age domestic savings at these three intervals are $180 mil­ stand the difficulties confronting the in­ lion, $3,600 million and $16,300 million. Gas fant solar equipment industry. oil production through the construction and oil costs are estimated at a present aver­ of the Alaskan pipeline, the acceleration age price of $1.50 per million BTU delivered The building industry is a highly fluid of le.asing on the Outer Continental to residential c'ustomers. sector of our economy. Profits are made Shelf, and the extension of more tax chiefly through speculation. As a conse­ benefits to the oil industry. This does not consider the tremendous quence, there is a tremendous pressure to These proposals, if enacted, would potential of using solar energy to meet build quickly and at the lowest possible have catastrophic results on the quality other energy requirements, including cost. Innovations which stress savings of our national life and the long-range electricity generation and even the de­ over the life of the building are not con­ health of our economy. The critical mes­ velopment of hydrogen fuels for auto­ sidered if there is a way to build with a sage of our present energy shortages mobiles. lower initial cost. Solar energy equipment have escaped the President. The fact is · The technological feasibility for ac­ falls into this category. This problem of that we cannot continue wastin·g our na­ complishing this conversion is well es­ discrimination would substantially dis­ tional resources with impunity. Quite tablished. In fact, economic studies cited appear if there were an incentive for the simply, our. store of fossil fuels is finite. by the Solar Energy Panel of the Na­ housing industry to shift from initial cost Continued careless expansion of produc­ tional Science Foundation and National accounting to life-cycle cost accounting. tion an'.d consumption will only hasten Aeronautics and Space Administration The latter technique would provide a the day when we reach the bottom of our. show that solar space heating in most more comprehensive view-of the complete energy barrel. areas of the· United States is less expen­ cost of the building by taking into ac­ FOSSil. ~LS AND THEIR DANGER TO THE sive than electric heating. In some areas count maintenance costs over the life of ENVIRONMENT sola1: energy is econ.omfcally _co~petitive the structure. Just as important as the economic with. oil and natural _gas. The following In addition, the very complex nature argument against mindless expansion of table, taken from the Solar Energy Panel of the market discourages design innova-· production and consumpt.ion, is the crit­ report illustrates the competitive posi­ tion. The const~uc;tion of any building in-. ical need . to protect. our environment' tion ·or s9la,r spa~e beating. _Obviously, volves a wide r~nge of different inter­ from fur.th er· deg.radation. Every~ ounce. as the cost of- fuels and electricity -spiral ests-engineers, architect$, local zoning of fossil · fuel that is converted to heat upward; the advantage of limitless .sofar boards, contractors, building inspectors, alters our environment.-When our con-· energy will increase. and so on;"" With such-a confusion of in-· sumption ranges in the millions of bar­ terests, re\~olutionary design changes-· rels a day· this threat to environnieritar COSTS :or SP~E: HEATING (1~70 PRICES) such as solar heating and air condition-­ qualitysu_d~enly becomes quite 1·eal. The (In dollars per m! llion _Bt~ us~ful deliv~ry (7)) ing.:_face tremendous obstacles before Council on Environmental Quality in its they can be introduced on a wide scale. just-released fourth annual report notes Optimized solar · Compounding this problem created by heating cost in the obstacles to innovation in the build­ an ominous trend in this regard with the 25,000 Btu / increase worldwide of the concentration degree-day Elec­ ing industry is the lack of development in of carbon dioxide--CO~in the atmos­ house, capital tric the solar equipment industry. At present, charges at 6 per­ heat­ most solar installations must be custom- phere. CO: is a natural byproduct of the cent, 20 years ing, combustion process. The significance of usage Fuel heating, ized to flt the particular structure. If · Collec- Collec­ 30,000 fuel cost only component manufacture could be stand- co~as a pollutant is its capacity to pre­ tor at tor at kWh/ vent heat from escaping from the Earth's Location $2/ft 2 $4/ft 2 year Gas Oil ardized around adequate design studies, lower atmosphere. A "greenhouse effect" the cost of solar equipment would de­ cline considerably. Rightfully, this task is created which has significant long­ Santa Maria ______1.10 1. 59 14.28 1. 52 1.91 range implications for our Earth's cli­ Albuquerque ____ _ 1. 60 2. 32 4. 63 . 95 2.44 should be performed by American indus­ mate. To quote from the CEQ report: Phoenix __------2. 05 3.09 5.07 . 85 1.89 try. However, there has been little eco­ Omaha . ------2.45 2.98 2 3. 25 1.12 1. 56 nomic incentive to devote resour·ces to The most notable example of a potential Boston __ ------2. 50 3. 02 5.25 1. 85 2.08 global air pollution problem is the concen­ Charleston ______2. 55 3.56 4. 22 1.03 1. 83 solar development, although one can ex­ Seattle-Tacoma ___ 2.60 3. 82 23 2.29 tration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Miam i______1. 96 2.36 pect that higher fossil fuel prices. will 4. 05 4.64 4.87 3.01 2.04 l,llake solar energy increasingly appeal­ The simple fact of the matter is, we ing· to industry in the future. But .the are releasing into the Earth's atmosphere • 1 Electric power costs are for Santa Barbara, electric power ~nveloping crisis has shown us that we during some 200 years, most of the stored data for Santa Maria were not available. eannot leave our energy future solely to solar heat energy created in oil and coal 2 Publicly owned utility. · a Electric powe! costs are for S~attle. the vagaries and whims of the private fields over a 400-million-year period. sector. How can we expect anything but the ul­ NOTES INTRODUCTION OF SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT timate environmental disaster-a major Solar heat costs are from optimal systems yielding least cost ACT change in our atmosphere and climate­ heat. a change of unknown consequences to all Electric power heat costs are from U.S. Federal Power Commis­ For these reasons I am introducing sion, All electric homes, table 2 (1970). Conventional heat fuel today the Solar Energy Development Act future generations of man? costs are derived from prices per million Btu reported in P. SOLAR ENERGY Balestra, The Demand for Natural Gas in the United States of 1973. This legislation seeks to speed up tables 1.2 and 1.3 (North Holland Publishing Co., 1967). The 1962 research and development into solar The scandalously low level of funding costs were _updated to 1970 by ~se of national price indexes on equipment needed to heat and cool resi­ for solar energy research is a primary gas (121.1 in 1970 versus 112.8 1n 1962) and on fuel oil (119.22 failing of this administration's energy in .197_0 versus 101.2 in 1962) as adjustment factors on each fuel dential and commercial buildings. My price in each State. Bureau of Labor Statistics fuel prices indexes legislation offers three distinct but in­ .strategy. Following the projections of the obtained from Gas Facts. Fuel prices were converted to fuel cost~ by divid_ing _by the following national average heat (com­ terrelated programs to move solar equip­ Solar Energy Panel of the National Sci­ bust_ron). effic1enc1es: gas, 75 percent; oil, 75 percent. Heat ment from the realm of discussion and ence Foundation and the National Aero­ effic1enc1es are from American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Guide and Data 'sook 692-694 blueprints to actual use in our economy nautics and Space Administration, di- (1963 ed.), ' as soon as possible. '3121( EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 24, 1973 t First, the National Science Foundation energy alternatives: oil shale, coal gasifi­ purchased from the Superintendent of is directed to establish a solar energy cation, and atomic power. Documents, U.S. Government Printing data bank. The data bank will serve as At a time when the air is clogged with Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, for the a central source for technical and scien­ pollutants from our combustion cham­ price of $2.50 per set. tific information as well as an evaluation bers and our land is gouged in the search The above-mentioned article, based center with respect to the development for more coal, and our waters are fouled mainly on the subcommittee's hearings, and use of solar energy. A formidable by oil spilled from tankers and drilling follows this acknowledgement to the obstacle to the implementation of solar rigs, we must search for ways to limit Star-News and Mr. Brian Kelly of appre­ technologies is the lack of a central clear­ our overdependence on fossil fuels. The ciation for their timely and concerned inghouse for studies, reports, case his­ quality of our environment is not the effort. tories, and evaluative information. The only issue at stake, however. We, as a [From the Washington Star-News, data bank will not only collect vital in­ nation, simply cannot afford to continue Sept.23,1973] formation from worldwide sources but on with our gluttonous consumption of SOVIET LABOR CAMPS: THE NIGHTMARE will also facilitate its dissemina,tion. irreplaceable energy shortages. Our na­ THAT DOESN'T END Second, the Secretary of Commerce is tional security today, as well as our fu­ (By Brian Kelly) directed to conduct, through the National ture well-being, demand that we reassess As his train rocked and swayed on the Bureau of Standards, component and our true energy needs and draw them KGB's narrow-gauge railway in the forests system design studies as well as cost more in line with what we are capable of Russia's Mordovia region, Alexander analysis for the application of solar of supplying from our domestic sources. Krimgold was stunned by what he saw in the equipment to residential and commercial Energy conservation-including the clearings. One ugly compound after another. expanded use of solar energy-deserves Barbed-wire fences. Fierce-looking patrol buildings. Any new solar energy equip­ dogs. Watchtowers and a.rmed gu8il'ds. ment product, before it is marketed, must our most serious consideration. No less is A Russian Jew escorting a prisoner's wife go through an extensive series of tests to at stake than the health of our economy to a visit with her husband, Krimgold really assess its marketability. It is exactly this and quality of our national life. had no reason to be surprised. Like millions phase of market development which the I hope that early consideration of this of others in the Soviet Union today, he knew Secretary of Commerce and the Director legislation will be possible. It is of fun­ a.bout labor camps. of the National Bureau of Standards shall damental and immediate importance to Still, he never had seen one, and his conduct under this proposal. The stand­ our world, our Nation and to each of us. glimpse of the Potma ca.mp complex in Mor­ dovia two summers ago le!t him with an ardization and integration of solar equip­ image stralght from Dostoyevsky. ment components is a vital step in the The terrible labor camps of Potma, he development of economical applications later wrote, lie a.long the tracks "like so of solar energy. Equally, system design SOVIET LABOR CAMPS AND THE ma.ny boils." Declaring that "the gloom can studies, emphasizing the interrelation­ CONSCIENCE OF THE AMERICAN hardly be exaggerated,» Krimgold says, ships between designers, !>uilders, and PEOPLE "Potm.a ts a. fearful place wlhich readily evokes Nazi concentration camps." equipment manufacturers are an essen­ But Krimgold saw only Potma. He tial preliminary to the development of a HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK traveled only on the KGB's 37-mlle private successful solar equipment market. OF omo rail spur from Potma to Barashevo, a rail Third, the Secretary is authorized to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES line mysteriously missing from offlcda.l maps issue grants for research into the design, of the Soviet Union. manufacture, and marketing of solar Monday, September 24, 1973 Now sate in Israel, he didn't see Russia's equipment. This grant-making authority Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on remaining "boils." On Wrangel Island in will accelerate the movement of tech­ the A.retie Ocean, a.long the steppes, a.cross Sunday, September 23, the Washington the Ura.ls, in the Ukraine--camps stretch nology from the testing and evaluation Star-News featured an extensive article, across the entire USSR, from its borders stage to the point of commercial applica­ "Soviet Labor Camps: The Nightmare with Western Europe to the vastness of tion. As with all our research efforts 1n That Does Not End," authored by its staff Siberia in the East. Camps dot the plains the :field of energy development, the writer, Brian Kelly. The Star-News and and forests at the sites of new cities, lumber question of timing is vitally important. Mr. Kelly cannot be commended too camps, hydro-electric dams, ra.ilroe.d and The :financial resources we commit today highly for attempting to call to public airport construction, coal mines 81lld like will determine the choices available to us attention in the Washington area cur­ projects requiriing heavy labor. There a.re tomorrow. While there are legitimate is­ perhaps 1,000 of them in a nationwide sys­ rent information on existing labor camps tem enslaving what many experts estimate sues that must be examined before we in the Soviet Union. No other time could to be 5 to 10 million persons. Many are polit­ develop a comprehensive Federal energy be more opportune to remind Members ical prisoners, members of the d1S&ident research and development strategy, there of Congress and executive branch offi­ movement that has surfaced in recent yea.rs, is no reason to delay on implementing a cials of the brutal, inhuman conditions or people from minority groups-not only national solar energy program and there under which flesh-and-blood victims of Jews, but members of every minority race or are two good reasons why we should Soviet oppression exist from day to day. faith in the Soviet empire. begin immediately. Camps !or men, camps for women, for It is depressing to consider that these women with babies. Camps where men and ACTION NEEDED NOW victims can ew:pect little or no help from women fall lll, and often die, !rom poor food, First, the amount of money needed to some American businessmen who are lack of medical care, exposure, outright bru­ develop solar energy is small relative to launching elaborate trade plans with tality and overwork. Camps, in one case at other alternatives. President Nixon has their Soviet slavemasters. Nor is help ap­ lea.st, where prisoners have been the guinea suggested a $10 billion program to extend parently forthcoming from U.S. officials pigs in dangerous medical experiments. who, like the new Secretary of State In the last third of the 20th Century, it over 5 years to develop coal gasification, sounds like a. forgotten nightmare, perhaps oil shale, geothermal energy, advanced Kissinger, cannot meddle in the Soviets' a last gasp of offsetting Nazi propaganda. power cycles and the like. The solar internal affairs. Fortunately, there are A reminder of the terrifying Stalinist era energy panel, on the other hand, sug­ indications that the American people­ in Soviet Russia.. gests that a commitment of $100 million they keep the businessman in business But it is none of these. The details cited over 1 O years will bring solar energy for and the official in office-are beginning here come from survivors or observers of residential heating and cooling to gen­ to sense something phony, false, and the hidden Russian labor camp system in fraudulent about the cries of "peace," the 20 years since Stalin's deat h in 1953, eral use. up to and including the last two years. Second, there are no risks involved in J'detente," and "peaceful coexistence." Krimgold says he saw the "boils" in July solar research. The question is not For a more complete treatment of the 1971. Reyze Palatnik, another recent emi­ whether solar energy is technologically Soviet labor camps issue one should pro­ grant to Israel, left a. ca.mp la.st December. feasible, but how it will become econom­ cure the excellent hearings issued by the It was "located in a swamp," she recalls. ically and socially acceptable. Addition­ Senate Internal Security Committee en­ "Bulldings damp ... semi-cold existence, ally, there are no environmental risks in titled "U.S.S.R. Labor Camps." These no medical services. One had to lose con­ solar research. The sun is a pollution­ hearings in three parts can be obtained sciousness to be allowed off for the day." free source of energy. The same cannot from the subcommittee, free of charge, In February 1972, Yuri Galanskov, the dis­ be said for all the other, more popular while the supply lasts. They can also be senting writer and intellectual, wrote the September 25, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31215 International Red Cross and the United Na­ Hebrew studies and printing Hebrew text­ he discovered, were prisoner "universities," tions, saying in part: books, Shifrin said. where the persecuted traded both informa­ "The sixth year has begun ... I am ill ..• Once, stationed temporarily in a "transit" tion and hopes. Apparently in an effort to duodenal ulceration. Denied food and sleep camp in between assignments to regular la­ prevent internal organization or resistance for more than :fl'Ve years now. Obliged to bor crunps, Shifrin also encountered a group among the prisoners, the regime constantly work eight hours a. day. Every day a torture. of st.range, bearded men in handmade clothes transfers them from one ca.mp to another. Health deteriorating. I am gradually exter­ and boots. Shifrin cited the great uprisings of labor minated. Religious fundamentalists, the bearded camp prisoners in the 1950s, some put down "No longer can keep quiet. Not only my "Old Believers" had lived unknown and un­ by Red Army tanks, but he also was moved health, but my very life, is now endangered." disturbed in a forest village in the Northern by those who resisted alone, by less drama.tic Nine months later, Galanskov died in the Urals for 40 yea.rs--from the tumultuous means. One, a rabbi Shifrin knew, was put Potma labor camps. civil war years of 1917-1919 until their dis­ into chains for months for insisting upon According to Mikhail Shepshelovich, an­ covery by a KGB helicopter in 1959. prayer. He spent 10 years on a. diet of bread other recent labor ca.mp graduate, such When the KGB ca.me to draft the young and water-"and he came unbroken from deaths are no mistake. "Annihilation is men, the Old Believers refused to go. They concentration camp." Another, a. Ukrainian achieved through a slow process of destruc­ were arrested, but in the transit camp with Christian and nationalist, was ta.ken into the tion over a. period of many years," he writes. Shifrin, they also refused to work. "We do streets of Kiev once a year for 25 years and "Continuous malnutrition and the con­ not wish to work for the anti-Christ," they told, "only your signature that you a.re not stant nervous tension to which a. prisoner said. They were ordered to solitary confine­ now a nationalist, and you can go home with is subjected in his environment, is the es­ ment for six months, but still defiant, they your family." When finally he was released sence of this method. turned to the camp commander, ma.de the last year, he was an old man, but still un­ "The prisoner's medical treatment depends sign of the Cross and said, "Begone, Sa.tan." broken, Shifrin asserted. very much on his attitude toward his po­ Shifrin says he saw many horrors. He saw If Shifrin's personal observations of life litical views. A person who does not renounce companions mutilate themselves in despair in the Soviet labor camps appear dated be­ his political convictions receives practically or protest. Prisoners working in lumber cause of his release a full dee.a.de a.go, the no medical a.id. camps would even chop off a hand and place documentation he provided the Senate com­ "In a. labor camp, such people a.re con­ it in the stacks of wood as a reminder of mittee supports his contention that the demned to slow deterioration and death." their plight to the lumber's eventual recip­ camps have changed little since he was a. Such allegations are contained in a report ients, some of them in the Free World. Shif­ prisoner. Krimgold's description of Potma recently published by the Senate Internal rin saw others gash themselves, then in­ in 1971, for instance, closely matches Shifrln's Security Subcommittee, "USSR Labor fect their cuts with plaque from their teeth view of the same complex eight yea.rs earl1er. Camps", containing 280 pages of testimony to gain the respite of a hospital bed. Pro­ Shifrin, in the meantime, doubts the wide­ from recent emigrants, from underground testing inmates severed their ea.rs or ta.tooed spread labor camps a.re maintained only to writings smuggled out of the USSR, extracts their foreheads with anti-regime slogans. crush political dissent. Historically he noted, from other sources and a graphic, eyewitness Some desperate prisoners sliced flesh from mass arrests sending new waves of prisoner account by Avraham Shifrin, a remarkable their own bodies to put in their thin soup, to the camps have taken place about every 10 Soviet Jew, intellectual, lawyer and self­ or drew their own blood to enrich their yea.rs. professed Zionist who said he spent a decade plain bread, Shifrin testified. While the crackdowns appear to coincide in 30 labor camps, more years quietly gather­ In response, Shifrin saw his guards react with time of political stress in the U.S.S.R., ing evidence in Russia, and the past three with terrifying cruelty. One man he knew Shifrin theorizes the real reason for the tim­ years interviewing incoming Soviet Jews as was punished-and died-when they poured ing is to replenish the camps every 10 years, they arrive in Israel. water on him in temperatures 30 degrees because most men cannot perform hard labor In a personal appearance before the Senate below zero. Another died tied to a stake in for more than a. decade. committee, he provided corroborating docu­ a region infested by gnats, his body swelling Invariably, he .adds, the camps are bleak, mentation, including statements by 10 fresh­ visibly as the tiny insects swarmed. built next to major building projects, mines ly arrived Israeli emigrants, among them In the northern camps, a number of pris­ and lumber camps. He himself worked upon Krimgold, Reyze Pa.latnik and Mikhail Shep­ oners died each night during winter. a dam constructed largely of huge stones shelovich. In all, the Senate report may be Tb.en there was Wrangel Island in the Arc­ hauled into place by hand-like the Egyptian the most extensive view the West has been tic waters. Shifrin never was there himself, pyramids. given of Soviet Russia's labor camp system but he met one prisoner who was. Convinced that world opinion has its ef­ since Stalin's death in 1953. . According to the Wra.ngel Island survivor, fects upon Moscow, Shifrin urges a Free The most graphic details are those sup­ inmates there were subjected to medical ex­ World outcry of revulsion against the Soviet plied by Shifrin himself. periments--injections, strange diets, radia­ slave labor system of the 1970's. By Shifrin's account, he was arrested in tion exposure, oxygen and submersion tests. "We can help in two ways," he says. "First 1953, on trumped-up charges of spying for The same source reported seeing Raoul Wa.1- by exposing the facts, and second, by voicing the United States and Israel. Originally, he lenberg, the Swedish diplomat who orga­ our indign.ation. was condemned to death, but his own perse­ nized a rescue effort for Hungarian Jews flee­ "In helping them, we shall also be help­ cutors vanished in an internal KGB purge. ing the Nazis in World War II, only to ing ourselves." His penalty reduced, Shifrin was released in ~'disappear" when the Red Army stormed 1963 to exile in "exprisonerland" in Kazakh­ Budapest. Also languishing at Wrangel Is­ stan. land was Rudolph Trushnovich, a leader of Given a legal post with the region's gov­ the anti-Soviet NTS organization who was WORLD FOOD BANK PROPOSED ernment, Shifrin, then 40, sometimes was able kidna.ped from West Berlin in 1954. to travel on "state business". He interviewed Shifrin says he himself knew of many fellow labor camp survivors wherever he could such cases, and met foreign prisoners of war HON. JOHN R. RARICK find them and mapped the locations of the in the Soviet camps as late as 1962, a full camps themselves. It is his estimate tha·t Rus­ 17 years after the end of World War II. OF LOUISIANA sia today operates a system of at least 1,000 Shifrin, in his appearance here this year, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES labor camps. told of the existence of separate camps for Monday, September 24, 1973 In 1970, Shifrin was among the very first men, women, children, even babies in arms. Jews permitted to leave for Israel, most of Once, he told the Senate committee, his pris­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, during the them "trouble-making" dissidents the So­ on train stopped alongside an ordinary-look­ recent consideration of the .Agriculture viet regime was glad to see go. ing camp in the dreaded Potma complex, sev­ and Consumer Protection Act of 1973- According to Shifrin, the camps he knew en hours travel time from Moscow, the same Public Law 93-86-repeated efforts were were crowded with prisoners incarcerated for string of "boils" that struck Alexander Krim­ their ideological or religious beliefs. But he gold two summers a.go. About 200 to 250 made to include in the farm bill a also tells a story of four or five Ohukchi­ women, ea.ch with "a baby on her hands," strategic reserve provision to protect the Russia.n Eskimos--sentenced to 25 years for appeared at the ca.mp gates. American consumers from shortages of trying to harpoon a Soviet submarine. They Shifrin cited cells containing one bunk food and fiber. Every attempt to provide thought it was a whale, he says. for seven persons held in a single cubicle 8¥.z legislation for such a reserve was suc­ He recalls a man, beaten and interrogated feet by 10, and barracks holding as many as cessfully blocked, probably because of to the breaking point, who finally "confessed" 500 pe.rsons in one long room. The camps he the surplus-oriented syndrome which he was a spy. "For which country?" he was knew ranged from 250 to 10,000 in popula­ prevailed at the time. asked. Afraid to name a great power such tion. Invariably, the food was poor, often as the United States, he satisfied his tor­ rotten. In some northern camps, where tem­ The consumer groups felt such a food mentors by naming little Guatemala.. His peratures dipped to 30 and 40 degrees below bank would prove to be a subsidy boon­ sentence also wa.s 25 yea.rs. zero, prisoners went to work in makeshift doggle for the farmers, while the farmers More commonplace, however, were those shoes cut from rubber tires. Frostbite was feared a reserve stock would be used as a whose thoughts were suspect. Arkady Volo­ commonplaee. tool by the Government to control mar­ shln. released. last yee.r, was sentenced '!or The Russian Zionist said the experiences ket prices. distributing a Jewish prayer book, pla.nmng had some value, however. The transit camps, Now we learn that a "World Food CXIX--1967-Pa.rt 24 31216 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1973 Bank" 1s proposed to curb food shortages fluctuations fed by speculation against In addition, up to 10 per cent of the ex­ in overpopulated developing countries. shortages. portable amount of a crop could be placed in 1s be The world has had a reserves policy for the a reserve for unexpected emergency situa­ The World Food Bank said to the past 20 years in the form of the huge­ tions abroad. brainchild of economists from North and burdensome-grain surpluses, mainly One of the large grain firms which partici­ America, Europe, and Japan. It will a:c­ held by the U .s. pated in last year's sales to the Soviet Union, cumulate food stocks from all industn~l But they did serve their function as a Cargill Inc., last week came out with its own nations to alleviate food shortages m form of insurance. "strategic agricultural commodity reserves" underdeveloped countries and act as an "They were good to have when the 1972 plan. international economic tool to control world crop was short," Don Paarlberg, the Cargill would establish enormous re­ year-to-year world market :fluctuations. Agriculture Department's chief economist, serves--50 per cent of annual domestic con­ to said in a speech last week to the National sumption, export shipments and food aid It should prove most interesting the Public Policy Conference. needs for food grains (nearly 1 billion American people to see how their gov­ "Had stocks been available we would not bushels for wheat alone), 25 per cent for feed ernmental leaders, who were recently have seen wheat double in price from July 10 grains like corn ( 1.5 billion bushels) and 25 bitterly opposed to a strategic stockpile to August 13 this year, and then drop 15 per cent for oil seeds like soybeans (400 mil­ of food for the American people, will now per cent in three days, fluctuations that did lion bushels) . react to support of a World Food Bank little good for anyone," he continued. The difficulty with all of these proposals is for other than Americans. · Paarlberg noted that the U.S. government two-fold. They would be expensive. And, in The related newsclipplngs follow: has built up stocks six times in the past periods when even record domestic and world 45 yea.rs under price-support storage pro­ crops can't keep up with current demand, it [From the Washington Post, Sept. 22, 1973] grams, and liquidated them six times: ls nearly impossible to build up reserves. WORLD FOOD BANK Is PROPOSED "Once in the depth of the Depression, hurt­ The current tight wheat situation illus­ Economists from North America, Europe fully. But five times helpfully: During the trates both the benefits of having a reserve and Japan yesterday proposed creating a.n droughts of the '30s, during the needs of policy and also the difficulty in implementing international food bank, from which food World War II, during the Korean war, during one in the next few years without the govern­ could be withdrawn to meet serious the food crisis in India (in the mid-1960s), ment entering the market at very high prices. shortages. and most recently during the 1972 shortfall Despite a record 1973 wheat crop of 1.727 They recommended an lnternatlonal agree­ in world food production." billion bushels, there a.re sober fears that ment to fix the quantity of food that would Paarlberg, discussing the 1973 Farm Act, there may be actual shortages of some cate­ be held in reserve-one participant suggested pointed out that Congress rejected a pro­ gories of wheat in this country by next 100 million tons of grains-and to arrange a posal for the government to maintain re­ summer. joint decision-making procedure on how and serves in anything more than token amounts. U.S. wheat reserves, always ample in the when the food would be used. "But the idea is not dead," he added sig­ past, were drawn down substantially in 1972 The costs of accumulating and saving the nificantly. by a combination of the mammoth 400 mil­ food stocks would be shared by all the indus­ The proposal for a grain reserve policy in lion bushel sale to the Soviet Union and buy­ trial countries. Food reserves also would be fa.ct has gained some diverse and powerful ing by other countries suffering from a series available to the developing countries and adherents. of crop disasters. could be used to smooth year-to-year world A. H. Boerma, director-general of the · Reserves going into the new crop year market fluctuations, they said. United Nations Food and Agriculture Orga­ beginning July 1 were 428 million bushels, The economists acknowledged that build­ nization, called for such a policy earlier this for a total supply of 2.156 billion bushels. ing the reserves would involve some sacrifice, year. (The FAO has been meeting in Rome Domestic use for the year is projected at 755 including occasionally denying food to hW:1- this week to decide what should be done in mllllon bushels, and the USDA expects ex­ gry people, and at the least diverting gram the event of a world grain shortfall this year, ports to total 1.1 billion bushels. This would although world crop prospects have recently leave only 300 million bushels by next from livestock feed to direct use, meaning re­ brightened, increasing the chances of squeak­ ducing available meat. summer. · "The principal alternative is to do nothing ing through.) · However, even the 300 million bushel carry­ to build up for ourselves in a few years . A group of European, Japanese, U.S. and over figure for next year is in dispute. Actual ~!cultural problems even more divisive Canadian economists proposed this week that exports of wheat, boo~ngs for shipment to than in the past couple of decades," said an international feed bank should be estab­ specific countries and to unidentified des­ Ph111p H. Trezise, a former assistant secre­ lished which would supply food to meet seri­ tinations already total more than 1.3 billion tary of state now working wlth the Brookings ous shortages. The group, meeting under the bushels-far more than the Agriculture De­ Institution. auspices of the Brookings Institution, rec­ partment has predicted-and it is only three The world food bank recommendation fol­ ommended that the costs be shared by all in­ months into the new crop year. lowed a three-day conference on world agri­ dustrial nations including both importing This activity has sent wheat to the strato­ cultural policy sponsored by the Brookings and exporting countries and that the amount spher,ic price of $5.43 a bushel, triple what Institution and attended by 14 economists in reserve should be fixed by international it was little more than a year ago. from the United States, Canada., Western Eu­ agreement. USDA officials argue that much of the early rope and Japan. The Federation of American Scientists re­ buying has been precautionary to insure cently suggested that the U.S. "take the lead against the possibllity of future export con­ [From the Washington Post, Sept. 23, 1973) in encouraging a system of stable food re­ trols on wheat and that there ls a lot of serves." The statement, drafted by popula­ "water" to be squeezed out of the figures. GRAIN RESERVE POLICY URGED Others are not so sure. The problem is that (By.Jack Egan) tion expert Paul R. Ehrlich and food expert no one knows. The depletion in world grain reserves this Lester Brown, said that, in the absence of Conceivably, even if very little further pur­ pa.st year-particularly wheat-to the lowest U.S. surpluses and excess acres to protect chasing takes place, next year's carryover levels in 20 years has ignited urgent calls against shortages, this country should not be would be drawn down to 200 or 100 million for an international policy to set aside stocks put in the position of choosing "during fa­ bushels or less, barring application of ex­ as insurance in case of shortages. mines between selling our food to developed The drawdown of reserves, primarily in the port controls at some point and the cutting nations or donating it to the underdevel­ of previously signed contracts-e. repeat of United States which has served as the world's oped." major granary, has triggered volatile in­ the soybean situation. creases in the prices of wheat, corn and soy­ - Several bills have been introduced in the The small carryover figure itself is decen­ beans. These doublings and triplings have in Senate which propose a grain stockpile. • • • tive, because in the aggregate it masks the turn been translated into higher food prices who tried unsuccessfully to attach an amend­ possibility that some desirable categories of of all kinds and induced a searing general ~ent to the farm bill to set up a domestic wheat used for baking or noOdle products inflation in this country. grain and oil seeds reserve, has introduced would disappear entirely. Also, the very last In addition there is concern that without separate legislation to require the govern­ part of carryover stocks are often in the worst grain reserves, only good weather in crop­ ment to set aside 600 mlllion bushels of condition due to long storage and often have producing countries stands in the way of wheat, 160 million bushels of soybeans and reduced protein content. widespread famine in certain areas of the 40 million tons of feed grains. For the 1974 wheat crop, the first tentative world like the sub-Sahara or southern Asia. • • • recently proposed legislation which estimates put out by the USDA predict an­ Reserves a.re essentially a. cushion. a.gain.st would require the a.mount of ra.w a.grl.cultura.l other record, up nearly 10 per cent to 1.9 adversity. Famine can be avoided by tapping products needed for domestic consumption billion bushels. stocks of grain built up in years of abun­ plus "a reasonable amount for a carryover" But even with reduced export expectations dance. In addition, the stocks moderate and to be subtra.cted from the year's total har­ contained in the department's 1974-75 fig­ largely stabillze food prices from the erratic vest before any was allocated for export. ures and using the optimlstic 800 milHon September 25, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 31217 bushel carryover for next year, t h e carryover amou nt of U.S. wheat reserves will be even to stockpile from the domestic crop during by 1975 is put at just 405 million bushels. less than they a.re coming into this crop year, the next two yea.rs, it would put even a great­ Wha.t this means is that in 1975 after two and the price may be anybody's guess. er strain on supplies for current use and yea.rs of all-out record production, the If the U.S. or any other government were greater upward pressure on prices.

SENATE-Tuesday, September 25, 1973 The Senate met at 9 a.m. and was Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, my prin­ National Water Commission's recom­ called to order by the President pro tem­ cipal purpose this morning is to intro­ mendations are already out of date. pore (Mr. EASTLAND). duce a resolution calling for Senate re­ Today, the American farmer is the view of the SEATO alliance, but before most efficient in the world. It is prepos­ doing so I should like first to turn to an­ terous for the U.S. Government to hobble PRAYER other subject. him at a time when the country must buy The Chaplain. the Reverend Edward increasingly larger quantities of its min­ L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following eral and fuel requirements from abroad. prayer: THE NATIONAL WATER COMMIS- An up-to-date public policy should look O Thou who art the hope of the world, SION REPORT: A LURKING toward unshackling American farmers, hasten the coming of Thy kingdom on THREAT TO IDAHO WATER in order that they may export more food, Earth. Establish Thy rule within us. once our own needs at home are ade­ Enter our minds with Thy truth and Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, as chair­ quately met. In this manner, we can earn dwell in our hearts with Thy righteous­ man of the Senate Interior Committee's the foreign exchange necessary to pay for ness and compassion. Establish Thy rule Subcommittee on Water and Power Re­ our burgeoning imports of petroleum and in our common life. Enter into our sources, I have been conducting a series other raw materials. Given the markets homes, our schools, our legislative as­ of hearings on the report of the National of a hungry world, the American farmer semblies and churches, our industry and Water Commission. The hearings thus may well become our indispensable pro­ commerce, our cities and countryside, far have raised several alarming issues ducer who enables this country to stay our diplomatic and military services that in terms of the future of agriculture in solvent in its international accounts. One the world may be turned from sin and Idaho and the Pacific Northwest. can hardly conceive of a more inappro­ sorrow and destruction toward truth and If the Commission's recommendations priate time to advocate what, in effect, justice and the city of God; through become national policy, it is clear to me would be the shutdown of Federal recla­ Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. that the Federal reclamation program, mation. which has contributed so greatly to ir­ Another of the Commission's specific rigated agriculture in the West, would recommendations raises a warning flag come to an end. Not only would the for Idaho. The Commission urges the re­ THE JOURNAL newly proposed standards render new ir­ peal of the hard-won legal moratorium Mr. ROBERT c. BYRD. Mr. President, rigation projects unfeasible, but they against Federal studies for diverting wa­ I ask unanimous consent that the read­ might well raise insurmountable bar­ ter out of the Columbia Basin. ing of the Journal of the proceedings of riers to all kinds of multiple-purpose There are vast tracts of fertile, arid Monday, September 24, 1973, be dis­ water projects in the future. lands in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington pensed with. For example, one wonders who the which, with adequate irrigation water, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ "direct beneficiaries" of a large flood con­ would support a rich agricultural econ­ out objection, it is so ordered. trol project might be, and how they could omy. Idaho, alone, has between 4 and be separated out from the rest of the 6.5 million desert acres of potentially inhabitants of the downstream drainage irrigable lands. The region is still basin, in order to assess them for their sparsely populated and could provide an COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING pro rata share of the cost? The practical SENATE SESSION alternative lifestyle for many of its difficulties of such a calculation boggle young people who would prefer not to Mr. ROBERT c. BYRD. Mr. Presi­ the imagination. migrate to the big cities. Furthermore, dent, I ·ask unanimous consent that all The report, in general, moves tn the there will be added demands for domes­ committees may be authorized to meet direction of terminating Federal support tic, industrial, and municipal water sup­ during the session of the Senate today. for water development programs. The plies for our own growing communities. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ Commission explicitly bases its conclu­ And abundant water-whether drawn out objection, it is so ordered. sions on the assumption that the produc­ deep in natural lakes and manmade tion of food and fiber need no longer be reservoirs, or left wild and free-flowing­ encouraged. This is reflected in the testi­ is essential to the fulfillment of our great ORDER OF BUSINESS mony before the subcommittee that potential for outdoor recreation. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi­ "since the West has been won, there is So, we will need accurate projections dent, I would just like to suggest to the no reason to provide additional interest­ and careful planning if we are to guar­ cloakroom to remind Senators that after f ree money for new irrigation develop­ antee ourselves sufficient water supplies the first rollcall vote today, all subse­ ment in the 17 Western States as pro­ for the future. Furthermore, we must quent rollcall votes will consume only 10 vided in the Federal reclamation laws." meet these needs without destroying the minutes, in accordance with the order of It is also embodied in the Commission's purity and natural grandeur of our rivers yesterday, with the warning signal to be suggestion that additional water sup­ which are so important to the quality of sounded after the first 2 % minutes. plies for municipal and industrial uses life indigenous to the Northwest. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does in the arid regions of the West could be A comprehensive inventory of our the Senator from Pennsylvania desire to obtained by decreasing irrigated lands. future water needs has not yet been be recognized at this time? In the face of the sudden shortages of completed. In 1968, the Idaho delegation Mr. HUGH SCOTT. Mr. President, I agricultural products, this suggestion joined with other Northwest Senators to yield back my time. seems a bit ludicrous. But, after all, the impose a 10-year moratorium upon any The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under report is the result of a 5-year study, the Federal participation in schemes to di­ the previous order the distinguished basic data for which was collected-and vert water from the Columbia Basin to Senator from Idaho (Mr. CHURCH) is most of the consultants' contributions the Southwest, so that adequate time for now recognized for not to exceed 15 were prepared-before our agricultural planning would be available. The Na­ minutes. picture began to change. As a result, the tional Water Commission would do away