MESSER Condensed Regular Italic Messer

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24 REGULAR The Threepenny Opera (Die Dreigroschen- oper) is a “play with music” by Bertolt Brecht, adapted from a translation by Elisabeth Hauptmann of John Gay’s 18th-century Eng� lish ballad opera, The Beggar’s Opera, and four ballads by François Villon, with music by Kurt Weill. Although there is debate as to how much, if any, Hauptmann might have con� tributed to the text, Brecht is usually listed as sole author.

18 REGULAR The Threepenny Opera (Die Dreigroschenoper) is a “play with music” by Bertolt Brecht, adapted from a translation by Elisabeth Hauptmann of John Gay’s 18th-century English ballad opera, The Beggar’s Opera, and four ballads by Fran� çois Villon, with music by Kurt Weill. Although there is de� bate as to how much, if any, Hauptmann might have contrib� uted to the text, Brecht is usually listed as sole author.

14 REGULAR The Threepenny Opera (Die Dreigroschenoper) is a “play with music” by Bertolt Brecht, adapted from a translation by Elisabeth Hauptmann of John Gay’s 18th-century English ballad opera, The Beggar’s Opera, and four ballads by François Villon, with music by Kurt Weill. Although there is debate as to how much, if any, Hauptmann might have contrib� uted to the text, Brecht is usually listed as sole author.

12 REGULAR The work’s opening and closing lament, work, which has since been recorded by Nina “Die Moritat von Mackie Messer”, was writ� Simone, Judy Collins, Tania Tsanaklidou, ten just before the Berlin premiere, when ac� and Marc Almond, among others. In addi� tor Harald Paulsen (Macheath) threatened to tion, Steeleye Span recorded it under the al� quit if his character did not receive an intro� ternate title “The Black Freighter”. Recently, duction; this creative emergency resulted in the drag queen Sasha Velour has made an what would become the work’s most popular adaptation by the same name for an install� song, later translated into English by Marc ment of One Dollar Drags, an anthology Blitzstein as “Mack the Knife” and now a of short films. After World War II the first jazz standard that Louis Armstrong, Bobby theater performance in Berlin was a rough Darin, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Michael production of The Threepenny Opera at the Bublé, Robbie Williams, Ray Quinn, and Theater am Schiffbauerdamm. Wolf Von countless others have all covered. In 2015 Eckardt described the 1945 performance the Library of Congress added “Mack the where audience members climbed over Knife” by Louis Armstrong and Bobby Darin ruins and passed through a tunnel to reach to the National Recording Registry. “Pirate the open-air auditorium deprived of its ceil� Jenny” is another well-known song from the ing. In addition to the smell of dead bodies

10 REGULAR The work’s opening and closing lament, “Die Mori� for an installment of One Dollar Drags, an anthology tat von Mackie Messer”, was written just before the of short films. After World War II the first theater Berlin premiere, when actor Harald Paulsen (Mache� performance in Berlin was a rough production of The ath) threatened to quit if his character did not receive Threepenny Opera at the Theater am Schiffbauer� an introduction; this creative emergency resulted in damm. Wolf Von Eckardt described the 1945 perfor� what would become the work’s most popular song, mance where audience members climbed over ruins later translated into English by Marc Blitzstein as and passed through a tunnel to reach the open-air “Mack the Knife” and now a jazz standard that Louis auditorium deprived of its ceiling. In addition to the Armstrong, Bobby Darin, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank smell of dead bodies trapped beneath the rubble, Eck� Sinatra, Michael Bublé, Robbie Williams, Ray Quinn, ardt recollects the actors themselves were “haggard, and countless others have all covered. In 2015 the starved, [and] in genuine rags. Many of the actors … Library of Congress added “Mack the Knife” by Louis had only just been released from concentration camp. Armstrong and Bobby Darin to the National Record� They sang not well, but free.” ing Registry. “Pirate Jenny” is another well-known There have been at least three film versions. Ger� song from the work, which has since been recorded man director G. W. Pabst made a 1931 German- and by Nina Simone, Judy Collins, Tania Tsanaklidou, French-language version simultaneously, a common and Marc Almond, among others. In addition, Steel� practice in the early days of sound films. Another ver� eye Span recorded it under the alternate title “The sion was directed by Wolfgang Staudte in West Ger� Black Freighter”. Recently, the drag queen Sasha many in 1962, starring Curd Jürgens, Gert Fröbe, and Velour has made an adaptation by the same name Hildegard Knef. Scenes with Sammy Davis Jr. were

24 REGULAR ITALIC “Pirate Jenny” is another well-known song from the work, which has since been recorded by Nina Sim� one, Judy Collins, Tania Tsanaklidou, and Marc Almond, among others. In addition, Steeleye Span recorded it under the alternate title “The Black Freighter”.

18 REGULAR ITALIC “Pirate Jenny” is another well-known song from the work, which has since been recorded by Nina Simone, Judy Collins, Tania Tsanakli� dou, and Marc Almond, among others. In addition, Steeleye Span re� corded it under the alternate title “The Black Freighter”. Recently, the drag queen Sasha Velour has made an adaptation by the same name for an installment of One Dollar Drags, an anthology of short films.

14 REGULAR ITALIC “Pirate Jenny” is another well-known song from the work, which has since been recorded by Nina Simone, Judy Collins, Tania Tsanaklidou, and Marc Almond, among others. In addition, Steeleye Span recorded it under the alternate title “The Black Freighter”. Recently, the drag queen Sasha Velour has made an adap� tation by the same name for an installment of One Dollar Drags, an anthology of short films. Under the title “What Keeps Mankind Alive?”, this number has been recorded by the Pet Shop Boys on the B-side of their 1993 single “Can You Forgive Her?”, and on two albums. Tom Waits covered it on two albums, and William S. Burroughs performed it in a 1994 documentary.

12 REGULAR ITALIC The work’s opening and closing lament, Tsanaklidou, and Marc Almond, among others. “Die Moritat von Mackie Messer”, was written In addition, Steeleye Span recorded it under the just before the Berlin premiere, when actor Harald alternate title “The Black Freighter”. Recently, the Paulsen (Macheath) threatened to quit if his drag queen Sasha Velour has made an adaptation character did not receive an introduction; this by the same name for an installment of One Dollar creative emergency resulted in what would become Drags, an anthology of short films. After World the work’s most popular song, later translated War II the first theater performance in Berlin was a into English by Marc Blitzstein as “Mack the rough production of The Threepenny Opera at the Knife” and now a jazz standard that Louis Arm� Theater am Schiffbauerdamm. Wolf Von Eckardt strong, Bobby Darin, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sina� described the 1945 performance where audience tra, Michael Bublé, Robbie Williams, Ray Quinn, members climbed over ruins and passed through a and countless others have all covered. In 2015 the tunnel to reach the open-air auditorium deprived Library of Congress added “Mack the Knife” by of its ceiling. In addition to the smell of dead bodies Louis Armstrong and Bobby Darin to the National trapped beneath the rubble, Eckardt recollects the Recording Registry. “Pirate Jenny” is another well- actors themselves were “haggard, starved, [and] in known song from the work, which has since been genuine rags. Many of the actors … had only just recorded by Nina Simone, Judy Collins, Tania been released from concentration camp. They sang

10 REGULAR ITALIC The work’s opening and closing lament, “Die Moritat von tion of The Threepenny Opera at the Theater am Schiffbau� Mackie Messer”, was written just before the Berlin premiere, erdamm. Wolf Von Eckardt described the 1945 performance when actor Harald Paulsen (Macheath) threatened to quit where audience members climbed over ruins and passed if his character did not receive an introduction; this creative through a tunnel to reach the open-air auditorium deprived emergency resulted in what would become the work’s most of its ceiling. In addition to the smell of dead bodies trapped popular song, later translated into English by Marc Blitzs� beneath the rubble, Eckardt recollects the actors themselves tein as “Mack the Knife” and now a jazz standard that Louis were “haggard, starved, [and] in genuine rags. Many of the Armstrong, Bobby Darin, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Mi� actors … had only just been released from concentration chael Bublé, Robbie Williams, Ray Quinn, and countless camp. They sang not well, but free.” others have all covered. In 2015 the Library of Congress There have been at least three film versions. German director added “Mack the Knife” by Louis Armstrong and Bobby G. W. Pabst made a 1931 German- and French-language Darin to the National Recording Registry. “Pirate Jenny” version simultaneously, a common practice in the early days is another well-known song from the work, which has since of sound films. Another version was directed by Wolfgang been recorded by Nina Simone, Judy Collins, Tania Tsanak� Staudte in West Germany in 1962, starring Curd Jürgens, lidou, and Marc Almond, among others. In addition, Steel� Gert Fröbe, and Hildegard Knef. Scenes with Sammy Davis eye Span recorded it under the alternate title “The Black Jr. were added for its American release. In 1989 an American Freighter”. Recently, the drag queen Sasha Velour has made version (renamed Mack the Knife) was released, directed by an adaptation by the same name for an installment of One Menahem Golan, with Raúl Juliá as Macheath, Richard Har� Dollar Drags, an anthology of short films. After World War ris as Peachum, Julie Walters as Mrs Peachum, Bill Nighy as II the first theater performance in Berlin was a rough produc� Tiger Brown, Julia Migenes as Jenny, and Roger Daltrey as

48 ITALIC “Pirate Jenny” is another well-known song from the work, which has since been recorded by Nina Simone, Judy Collins and Marc Almond, among others. In addition, Steeleye Span recorded it under the alternate title “The Black Freighter”. Recently, the

48 CONDENSED “Pirate Jenny” is another well- known song from the work, which has since been recorded by Nina Simone, Judy Collins and Marc Almond, among others. In addition, Steeleye Span re� corded it under the alternate title “The Black Freighter”. Recently, the drag queen Sasha Velour has made an adaptation by the same

48 CONDENSED “PIRATE JENNY” IS ANOTHER WELL-KNOWN SONG FROM THE WORK, WHICH HAS SINCE BEEN RECORDED BY NINA SIM� ONE, JUDY COLLINS AND MARC ALMOND, AMONG OTHERS. IN AD� DITION, STEELEYE SPAN RECORD� ED IT UNDER THE ALTERNATE TITLE “THE BLACK FREIGHTER”. RECENTLY, THE DRAG QUEEN SA�

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