Residential Lighting Design Guide:

Developed by the California Lighting Technology Center New Residential Lighting Standards in 2005

The California Energy Commission (CEC) has technology can save as well as the technology’s adopted new residential energy standards: reliability, availability, and cost-effectiveness. 2005 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for The code emphasizes energy efficiency mea- Residential and Nonresidential Buildings. These sures that save energy during peak periods updates to the Title 24 energy code include of power generation, such as hot summer comprehensive changes to residential lighting days when air conditioners are running. It for new and remodeled homes obtaining incorporates recent publicly funded research permits. These standards will significantly and increases the collaboration with California reduce lighting energy consumption by utilities to incorporate results of appropriate requiring the use of new energy-efficient market incentive programs for specific tech- technologies. nologies. The code changes were adopted in response The 2005 standards go into effect to California’s energy crisis in order to reduce October 1, 2005. energy bills, increase the reliability of energy When a builder’s permit is applied for prior to delivery, and contribute to an improved October 1, 2005, the 2001 code applies; when a economic condition for the state. The new permit is applied for on or after October 1, 2005, code was based on how much energy a the new 2005 code applies, with no exceptions.

A word from our sponsors

The upcoming changes represent a significant This guide provides a practical “cookbook” opportunity for increased energy savings and approach to lighting code compliance and reduced maintenance in residential lighting. design, including a broad array of example However, these changes also represent designs as well as technical and compliance new challenges for builders and installation information organized in a step-by-step for- professionals—new technologies and designs mat. The guide aims to assist in the process that differ from current practice. of developing compliant, quality lighting designs. The 2005 code revisions were developed through a consensus process, incorporating We believe that this guide will greatly help changes that require minimal disruption to the building community deliver high- current practice. Given this collaborative performance, energy-efficient lighting approach and the potential for implementa- systems to homeowners in a cost-effective tion challenges, a consortium representing manner for homebuilders. broad interests developed this design guide for the builder community.

California Energy Commission - EPA ENERGY STAR - Pacific Gas and Electric Sacramento Municipal Utility District - San Diego Gas & Electric Southern California Gas & Electric - Southern California Edison Title 24 Lighting Design Guide Table of Contents

Overview of Title 24 Changes in 2005 Pages 2-3 How to Use This Guide Page 4 Purchasing & Selection Guide Page 5 Technology Overview High-Efficacy Luminaires Pages 6-7 Sensors Page 8 Dimmers Page 9 Design Guide Kitchens Pages 10-13 Bathrooms Pages 14-17 Other Spaces: Dining, Bedrooms, Hallways Pages 18-19 Outdoor Lighting Pages 20-21 Multi-Family Applications Page 22 Glossary Page 23 Title 24 Lighting Design Guide Title Inspection & Compliance Guide Pages 24-25 – Page 1 Overview of Title 24 Changes in 2005

2005 Standards 2001 Standards High efficacy General lighting must be high OR efficacy (fluorescent) and must be Up to 50% of the total wattage can be controlled by the primary switch at low efficacy. Kitchen the kitchen entrance. All high-efficacy and low-efficacy Additional luminaires used for lighting must be controlled separately. decorative effects need not meet Switch location requirement removed this requirement. High efficacy Each bathroom containing a shower Bathroom OR or bathtub must have at least one Manual-on occupancy sensor fluorescent luminaire. OR High efficacy Fluorescent lighting may be Garage OR installed in a utility room, laundry Manual-on occupancy sensor room, or garage instead of a bathroom High efficacy AND Laundry Room OR All other lighting must be Manual-on occupancy sensor fluorescent or equipped with a motion sensor. High efficacy If using the alternative option, each Utility Room OR additional bathroom must have at Manual-on occupancy sensor least one fluorescent luminaire. All other interior rooms (e.g., living High efficacy room, dining OR room, bedrooms, Manual-on occupancy sensor No requirements hallways) except OR closets less than Dimmer 70 sq. ft. High efficacy Outdoor lighting OR attached to No requirements Controlled by motion sensor + buildings photocontrol Common areas of High efficacy No requirements unless used as an low-rise residential OR alternate for fluorescent bathroom buildings with 4 or Occupancy sensor lighting more dwelling units Title 24 Lighting Design Guide

Residential parking

– Must meet nonresidential lighting lots and garages for No requirements

2 standards 8 or more vehicles Page Page Overview of Title 24 Changes in 2005

The following is the 2005 Title 24 residential lighting code, quoted directly from the California Energy Commission’s 2005 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, Section 150 (www.energy.ca.gov/title24). Kitchens Section 150 (k) 2: Permanently installed luminaires in kitchens shall be high-efficacy luminaires.

Exception: Up to 50 percent of the total rated wattage of permanently installed luminaires in kitchens may be in luminaires that are not high-efficacy luminaires, provided that these luminaires are controlled by switches separate from those controlling the high-efficacy luminaires. The wattage of high-efficacy luminaires shall be the total nominal rated wattage of the installed high- efficacy lamp(s). Bathrooms, garages, laundry rooms, and utility rooms

Section 150 (k) 3: Permanently installed luminaires in bathrooms, garages, laundry rooms, and utility rooms shall be high-efficacy luminaires.

Exception: Permanently installed luminaires that are not high-efficacy shall be allowed provided that they are controlled by an occupant sensor(s) [sic] certified to comply with Section 119 (d). Such motion sensors shall not have a control that allows the luminaire to be turned on automatically or that has an override allowing the luminaire to be always on. Other spaces

Section 150 (k) 4: Permanently installed luminaires located other than in kitchens, bathrooms, garages, laundry rooms, and utility rooms shall be high-efficacy luminaires.

Exception 1: Permanently installed luminaires that are not high-efficacy luminaires shall be allowed provided they are controlled by a dimmer switch.

Exception 2: Permanently installed luminaires that are not high efficacy shall be allowed provided that they are controlled by an occupant sensor(s) [sic] certified to comply with Section 119 (d). Such motion sensors shall not have a control that allows the luminaire to be turned on automatically 24 Lighting Design Guide Title or that has an override allowing the luminaire to be always on.

Exception 3: Permanently installed luminaires that are not high-efficacy luminaires shall be allowed in closets less than 70 square feet. Porches and outdoor lighting

Section 150 (k) 6: Luminaires providing outdoor lighting and permanently mounted to a residential building or to other buildings on the same lot shall be high-efficacy luminaires.

Exception 1: Permanently installed outdoor luminaires that are not high-efficacy shall be allowed

provided that they are controlled by a motion sensor(s) [sic] with integral photocontrol certified to comply with Section 119 (d). – Page

Exception 2: Permanently installed luminaires in or around swimming pools, water features, or other locations subject to Article 680 of the California Electric Code need not be high-efficacy luminaires. 3 How to Use This Guide

This guide is a resource to help builders This guide is to aid homebuilders in lighting understand the new 2005 residential lighting design. It is not intended to be used in lieu of the requirements and integrate these changes into actual Title 24 code. new home plans. The guide demonstrates ways to meet the new code with multiple lighting design examples on common fl oor plans. Design Tip Design tips are interwoven throughout this The code specifi cally mentions six categories for guide to show how new technologies can create residential buildings: (1) kitchens, (2) bathrooms, aesthetically pleasing lighting designs and also laundry rooms, utility rooms, and garages, be code compliant. (3) other spaces, (4) outdoor spaces, (5) parking lots and garages, and (6) common areas of low- rise buildings. The remainder of this guide will explore these categories in greater depth, with Technology Tip helpful illustrations of ways to meet the 2005 Technical tips are interwoven throughout this code. guide to help you apply new technologies. In each section, the code will be dissected into bullet points with reference to the fl oor plans. The sections will include design tips, Caution Note technology tips, and caution notes. Caution notes are interwoven throughout this guide to alert you to potential misapplications of technologies or the code.

Bright ideas

Create a warm glow Light output is not always equal Color temperature is important in homes. A high-effi cacy light fi xture may replace Use warm-color fl uorescent lamps: typically a non-high-effi cacy light fi xture. Be 2700K/3000K for compact fl uorescent lamps aware that the high-effi cacy light fi xture (CFLs) and 3000K for linear fl uorescent lamps. may actually produce more lumens, or light output, than the previous low- effi cacy fi xture.

Four to one Most incandescent lamps may be replaced Four-pin not two-pin with a CFL that is 1/4–1/3 the wattage. The There are two confi gurations of CFLs: following list shows common incandescent four-pin and two-pin. Four-pin units wattages and their CFL equivalents: require an electronic ballast (lighter Incandescent vs. CFL weight, no blinking or humming) while Title 24 Lighting Design Guide 40 watt 13 watt two-pin units require a magnetic ballast,

– 60 watt 18 watt which is not allowed by the new code in

4 100 watt 26 watt most cases. Page Page Purchasing & Selection Guide

Fixture labels for compliance and quality

Now more than ever, it is the ENERGY STAR: The ENERGY STAR label guarantees a minimum responsibility of the builder standard of quality as well as energy performance. The updated to fully specify compliant ENERGY STAR standards, also going into effect October 2005, have fixtures to the contractor. been written to fit the new Title 24 requirements to help builders With the changes in the specify high-efficacy fixtures. ENERGY STAR fixtures manufactured code, manufacturers are prior to October 2005 may not be Title 24 2005 compliant. During trying to make it easier for this transition period, be sure to verify that, regardless of label or builders and contractors to manufacturer, fixtures meet the high-efficacy requirements. specify compliant fixtures. Title 24 Label: Some fixtures may feature The following labels may a Title 24 label to help builders and inspec- be helpful in specifying tors determine whether a fixture meets high-quality and compliant the 2005 definition of high efficacy. fixtures. Be aware that Title 24 applies not only to the Airtight: Title 24 requires that recessed fixtures installed in an fixture itself but also to the insulated space be certified airtight in accordance with ASTM application and installation. E283. If the label on the fixture installed in an insulated space does Here is what to look for: not specify ASTM E283 testing, additional documentation will be needed to indicate the fixture has been tested and certified in accordance with ASTM E283. Note: The ASTM E283 certification is a laboratory procedure intended to measure only the leakage of the luminaire housing or, if applicable, of an airtight trim kit, and not that of the installation. For complete airtight compliance, the installation must also be airtight with either sealed gasket(s) or caulking, to ensure all air leaks are sealed between the ceiling and fixture. For more information see the Residential Compliance Manual, Chapter 6.10. Make sure manufacturers “Stand By Their Can”

Nearly all new high-output CFL downlights failures occurred within the manufacturer’s 24 Lighting Design Guide Title should operate for years without any problems. warranty period, the homebuilder would still be Although concerns have been raised about responsible for the costly labor fees associated shortened ballast life due to the elevated with replacing failed units. Thus, even a few bal- temperatures experienced in insulated ceilings, last failures would quickly erode any cost savings several manufacturers have shown that, with from cheaper downlights. proper fixture design, ballast temperatures To address this concern some manufacturers are can be maintained well within manufacturer now offering a “parts and labor” warranty. This guidelines. warranty will minimize the risk to builders by However, there is still concern that, in a very providing replacement components as well as competitive market, some manufacturers might compensation for costs associated with installing attempt to cut costs in a manner that would lead these components. We strongly urge builders to

to elevated ballast temperatures, and thus prema- specify high-output CFL downlights that carry – Page ture ballast failures. This could be a nightmare a parts and labor warranty, ideally for five years or scenario for homebuilders. Even if the ballast longer. 5 Technology Overview

Understanding the three key energy-efficient lighting technologies

In general, homebuilders will comply with the new Title 24 requirements by installing a mixture of three energy-efficient lighting technologies. This section is intended to familiarize homebuilders with these three technologies. We explain how these systems work, what features to look for when purchasing or specifying them, and which applications are most appropriate for each technology.

The three key energy-efficient lighting technologies for complying with the new code are: High-efficacy luminaries: These lighting fixtures are designed and built to operate only energy-efficient light sources, such as fluorescent T8 lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Sensors: Occupancy sensors, vacancy sensors, motion sensors, and daylight sensors are all devices that automatically turn off the lights in response to conditions that they “sense” or “see.” Dimmers: Dimmers, which are already common in many residential applications, allow the room occupants to lower the room lighting (and thus the power used) as desired.

Homebuilders who have a solid understanding of these three technologies should have little problem designing and specifying lighting plans that meet the new Title 24 guidelines.

High-efficacy luminaires

While the formal definition is somewhat complicated (see glossary), high-efficacy luminaires are generally synonymous with energy-efficient fixtures. The code’s requirements for high-efficacy luminaires are that “the lumens per watt for the lamp be above a specified threshold [see chart below] and that electronic ballasts be used in certain applications.” Most ENERGY STAR fixtures will qualify as high-efficacy luminaires, although some lower-efficacy or magnetically ballasted ENERGY STAR products may not be compliant. Each fixture has to qualify with the Title 24 standards on its own merit regardless of what it is labeled. Four-pin CFL In general, the following are high-efficacy luminaires: (high efficacy and Fluorescent and CFL fixtures with electronic code compliant) ballasts Fixtures with HID lamps High-Efficacy Lamps In general, the following are NOT high-efficacy Lamp power Required lamp efficacy luminaires: Less than 15 watts 40 lumens/watt 15–40 watts 50 lumens/watt Title 24 Lighting Design Guide Any fixtures with incandescent sockets More than 40 watts 60 lumens/watt – (regardless of the installed lamp)

6 Most fluorescent and CFL fixtures with Note: Ballast wattage is not included when determining magnetic ballasts lamp efficacy Page Page High-Efficacy Luminaires

High-efficacy luminaire anatomy: Recessed cans and surface mounts

Thermally enhanced electronic ballast Electronic ballast

CFL lamps

Junction (“J”) box

Housing: If installed in a ceiling with insulation, it must be rated to be airtight (AT-rated) and insulation contact (IC-rated) Diffuser

What to specify

Specify the appropriate light output: high-efficacy luminaires of 13 watts or higher, Replacing incandescent with fluorescent should improve lighting quality by eliminating fixtures will often not be a “one-for-one” the flicker and hum associated with some replacement. In some cases you may install magnetically ballasted systems. fewer fixtures, while other installations may Specify thermally managed fixtures: require more. 24 Lighting Design Guide Title Higher CFL wattages can lead to hotter Rule of thumb: You should be able to “lumen operating temperatures for the electronic match” the incandescent fixtures by specifying ballasts, which if not property controlled fluorescent systems that use one-third or one- could dramatically shorten ballast life. This fourth as much power. is particularly true in ICAT (IC-rated, AT-rated) Specify the appropriate color: applications where the heat produced by the Unlike incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps downlight is trapped by ceiling insulation. come in a wide variety of colors, from “cool Several lighting manufacturers have devel- white” to “warm white.” For most residential oped high-wattage ICAT systems by employing applications it is most appropriate to specify a ballasts with higher-rated operating ranges warmer lamp color (CCT = 2700K–3000K), as it (usually up to 90 C) and by heat-sinking the gives a warmer feel and more closely matches ballast to the downlight housing. The bottom

the look of incandescent lighting. line is that high-wattage downlights can be an – Page effective choice in insulated ceilings, but only if Specify electronic ballasts: the products have been properly designed for Electronic ballasts, which are mandated in all this application. 7 Sensors

Occupancy/vacancy sensors

With the exception of kitchens, occupancy To help ensure the installed sensors will function sensors can be used in lieu of high-efficacy properly, follow these design tips: luminaires in most applications throughout Install sensors so they can ”view” the space the house. or area that is to be occupied. “Vacancy sensor” is a term some manufacturers Avoid using wall box occupancy sensors are using to describe a manual-on, automatic- in three-way applications, which can off occupancy sensor because the primary become overly complicated. Wall box function of the sensor is to turn the lights off sensors are not recommended for when the room is vacant. these applications without a thorough Although the new code does not allow the understanding of the technology. sensor to turn the lights on automatically Feel free to use sensors in bathrooms, toilet when a person enters a space, the sensor may rooms, closets, laundry and utility rooms, feature a grace period which will allow the and garages. lights to automatically turn back on within 30 seconds after they have been automatically Ensure that the sensor’s electrical load turned off. This helps minimize disturbance requirements are met. For example, if the by allowing a homeowner to activate the occupancy sensor has a minimum load lights if they have been turned off due to lack rating of 25 watts and the homeowner of motion (e.g., during a relaxing bath). changes the lamp to a 13-watt CFL, the switch may no longer operate the load.

Sensor anatomy and what to specify

A compliant sensor must have all of the following features: Must be manual-on/automatic-off (can also be turned off manually) Time delay cannot be greater than 30 minutes On/off switch Cannot be locked in a permanent “on” state (no “on” override) Outdoor sensors can be automatic- on/off but must also include a photocell that keeps the lights off during daylight hours

Optional features to consider when choosing an occupancy or vacancy sensor: Title 24 Lighting Design Guide

– Occupanc y/vacanc y Energy-efficient LED nightlight

8 sensor Impact-resistant lens and switch Page Page Dimmers

Dimmers

Dimmers can be used in lieu of high-efficacy luminaires or sensors in many applications throughout the house. This may often be the least costly code-compliant measure and will increase the lighting quality by allowing residents much greater control over their environments. The following are some considerations when using dimmers: Standard incandescent dimmers will not work with most high-efficacy luminaires or fluorescent luminaires. Dimming is possible with fluorescent luminaires, but they need to have special dimming ballasts and compatible dimmers rated for such use. Compliant applications for dimmers include dining rooms, living rooms, and bedrooms. Failure to correctly match the dimmer with the electrical lighting load of a fixture may result in early equipment failure of the dimmer, transformer, ballast, or lamp. When dimming a low-voltage (e.g., halogen) fixture, additional components are required in the dimmer to avoid overheating the transformer. Check the warranty. Most manufacturers offer a one-year warranty. Verify this is true for the manufacturer you are purchasing from.

Dimmer anatomy and what to specify

Specify for the correct applic ation: Specific dimmers are created for line voltage, low voltage and three way applications, for example in a hallway or stairway.

Dimming slide Specify the correct fixture load: Universal dimmers may not be suitable for every application. It is 24 Lighting Design Guide Title important to specify a dimmer for a particular fixture load to preserve the life of the dimmer and fixture. Specify the aesthetic qualit y : There are many aesthetic choices in dimmers. S ome have a desig- nated on/off toggle that lets home- On/off switch owners set the light level and remains this way until changed. Other dimmers slide on and off,

allowing homeowners to set the

light level each time they tur n on – Page the lights. 9 Kitchens in a Nutshell

High effi cacy OR Up to 50% of the total wattage can be Each and every permanently installed Kitchen low effi cacy. fi xture must be included in the total All high-effi cacy lighting must be controlled wattage and must comply with separately from low-effi cacy lighting. the standards. 2005 Requirements Switch location requirement removed

Additional code explanation: Fluorescent and incandescent light fi xtures MUST be controlled separately, 50% of the kitchen’s permanently installed lighting while diff erent types of light fi xtures MUST be high effi cacy, typically fl uorescent; this can may also be controlled separately to include downlights, under-cabinets, over-cabinets, correspond with the use. pendants, wall sconces, etc. The fi rst switch no longer has to control a Permanently installed lighting fi xtures include, but are fl uorescent light fi xture. not limited to, those lighting fi xtures installed in, on, or hanging from the ceilings or walls. Lighting that is part The number of fl uorescent light fi xtures of an appliance is not regulated by the code. will vary with each kitchen design. The quantity of light fi xtures is not regulated. Switching should be designed so the homeowner can automatically turn off 50% of the lighting power, yet Nook lighting must be on a separate retain illumination throughout the entire kitchen, with switch to not be counted as part of the no overly dark areas. kitchen. Nook lighting is then consid- ered an “other space” and will require a dimmer, manual-on occupancy sensor, or Model Kitchen high-effi cacy lighting. If a fi xture can accept various lamp DW wattages, its wattage for the sake of NOOK code compliance is the highest relamp- ing rated wattage designated by the manufacturer on a permanent, factory- installed Underwriters Laboratory (UL) label (peel-off labels are not permitted).

Kitchen Defi nition As defi ned by the California Energy Commission, a room or area used for

PANTRY cooking, food storage and prepara- OVN/ REF MICRO tion, and washing dishes, including associated countertops and cabinets, refrigerator, stove, ovens, and fl oor area. Title 24 Lighting Design Guide

Adjacent areas are considered kitchen if –

the lighting for the adjacent areas is on

10 the same switch as the lighting for the kitchen. Page Page Kitchens: Option #1

Kitchen lit with multiple lighting systems

Guidelines used for the lighting design Further code explanation as applied to the shown below: lighting plan below: Use 26-watt compact fl uorescent recessed Fluorescent and incandescent light fi xtures cans on 4’ –5’ centers for even illumination. MUST be controlled separately. Supplement recessed cans with fl uorescent The fi rst switch no longer has to control a under-cabinet and/or over-cabinet light fl uorescent light fi xture. fi xtures, on separate switches. Pantries less than 70 sq. ft. have no lighting or Use 2700K–3000K color temperatures control requirements. for fl uorescent lamps to ensure a warm, “incandescent” lighting color.

Use aesthetically pleasing light fi xtures to Minimize the number of fi xtures that reinforce the design of the kitchen and extend below the ceiling to help eliminate obtain a quality appearance. visual clutter.

KEY D $ Switch DW $ NOOK $D Dimmer Surface- or pendant-mounted incandescent light fi xture

26-watt CFL recessed can with electronic ballast and white or

aluminum refl ector and trim 24 Lighting Design Guide Title Fluorescent under-cabinet and/or over-cabinet light fi xture with T8 or T5 lamps and

electronic ballast $ PANTRY OVN/ $ Note: Applicable fi xtures must meet 2005 REF MICRO $ Title 24 high-effi cacy requirements $

Kitchen Fixtures Amount Wattage Total Wattage Kitchen Code Compliant? Fluorescent 5 26 watts 130 watts Fluorescent = 180 watts downlights Incandescent = 120 watts Under-cabinet 2 25 watts 50 watts fl uorescents Low effi cacy less than half – Page Incandescent 2 60 watts 120 watts of total wattage = pendants code compliant 11 Kitchens: Option #2

Kitchen lit with linear fl uorescents

Guidelines used for the lighting design Further code explanation as applied to the shown below: lighting plan below:

Locate linear fl uorescents on 6’–8’ centers Pantries less than 70 sq. ft. have no lighting or for even illumination, approximately 2’ from control requirements. cabinets. Nook lighting on its own switch does not count Use 32-watt T8 fl uorescent lamps with a as kitchen wattage. 3000K color temperature and a CRI (color rendering index) of 80 or higher for a warm, “incandescent” feel. General lighting on the counter should Recess the linear fi xtures to help maintain maintain an average of 30 footcandles. a higher ceiling height and keep the ceiling uncluttered. Supplement linear fl uorescents with fl uorescent under-cabinet fi xtures on Fluorescent fi xtures with electronic ballasts separate switches. meet the high-effi cacy requirements; halogen and incandescent do not.

KEY D DW $ $ Switch NOOK $D Dimmer Surface- or pendant- mounted incandescent light fi xture

1’ x 4’ recessed or surface- mounted fl uorescent light fi xture with 32-watt T8 lamps and electronic ballast Fluorescent under-cabinet light fi xture with T8 or T5 lamps and electronic ballast

$ PANTRY Note: Applicable fi xtures must meet 2005 OVN/ REF Title 24 high-effi cacy requirements MICRO $ $

Kitchen Fixtures Amount Wattage Total Wattage Kitchen Code Compliant? Surface 2 64 watts 128 watts Fluorescent = 178 watts

Title 24 Lighting Design Guide fl uorescents 1’ x 4’ Incandescent = 0 watts

– Low effi cacy less than half

Under-cabinet 2 25 watts 50 watts

2 fl uorescents total wattage = compliant Page 1 Page Kitchens: Option #3

Kitchen lit with recessed fl uorescent cans

Guidelines used for the lighting design Further code explanation as applied to the shown below: lighting plan below: Use 26-watt compact fl uorescent recessed Pantries less than 70 sq. ft. have no lighting or cans on 4’–5’ centers for even illumination. control requirements. Space recessed cans evenly around the sink All recessed cans installed into insulated ceil- so that an additional light fi xture over the ings are required to be ICAT rated, i.e., rated for sink is not needed. insulation contact (IC-rated) and airtight (AT- rated) to prevent conditioned air loss into the Supplement recessed cans with high- attic or ceiling. All air leaks must be sealed with effi cacy under-cabinet light fi xtures on gaskets and caulking between the can housing separate switches. and ceiling. Locate recessed cans at the edge of the counter to reduce shadows that may be caused by the occupant. Light the countertops more than the Although only one switch is required, walkway. Place the lighting where it is provide three for versatility. needed. D DW $ KEY NOOK $ Switch $D Dimmer 26-watt CFL recessed (ICAT) can with an electronic ballast and white or aluminum Title 24 Lighting Design Guide Title refl ector and trim Surface-mounted incandescent light fi xture Note: Applicable fi xtures must meet 2005 Title 24 high-effi cacy requirements $ PANTRY OVN/ REF $

MICRO $

$ Kitchen Code Compliant? Fluorescent = 206 watts Kitchen Fixture Amount Wattage Total Wattage Incandescent = 0 watts Fluorescent 6 26 watts 156 watts

downlights Low effi cacy less than half – Page Under-cabinet 2 25 watts 50 watts of total wattage = fl uorescents code compliant 13 Bathrooms in a Nutshell

High-efficacy Bathroom OR Each and every permanently installed fixture Manual-on occupancy sensor must comply with the standards, by means of being High-efficacy high-efficacy or controlled by a manual-on Garage OR occupancy sensor. Manual-on occupancy sensor High-efficacy Using fluorescent light fixtures with regular

2005 Requirements Laundry Room OR & Utility Room switches for most of the bathroom helps Manual-on occupancy sensor eliminate any possibility of a homeowner stranded in a dark bathroom due to a Code explanation and design suggestions: lack of motion (e.g., during a relaxing bath). Fluorescent and incandescent light fixtures Use 26-watt CFL recessed cans, similar to MUST be controlled separately. the kitchen, so the homeowner will not be confused when purchasing replacement The first switch no longer needs to control a parts. fluorescent light fixture. The number of fluorescent/incandescent Occupancy sensors must be manual on/off and light fixtures will vary with each design. automatic off. The maximum time delay to turn Quantity of light fixtures is not addressed by off is 30 minutes after the last detected motion. the code. Sensors cannot have an override allowing the light fixture to be continuously on.

Model Master Bath Bathroom Definition As defined by CEC, a room containing a shower, tub, toilet, or a sink that is used for personal hygiene. If a sink used for personal hygiene is in a room other than a bathroom where no doors, walls, or other partitions separate the sink area from the rest of the room, and the lighting for the sink area is switched separately from room area lighting, only the luminaire(s) that are lighting the sink area must meet the bathroom lighting requirements.

Model Standard Bath Title 24 Lighting Design Guide

–

14 Page Page Bathrooms: Option #1 Bathroom lit with fl uorescent lighting only

Guidelines used for the lighting design shown below: General lighting on the counter should maintain an average of 30 footcandles. Use a decorative linear fl uorescent light fi xture over the mirror. Use 26-watt CFL recessed cans with elec- tronic ballasts (or exhaust fan combination) Use a color rendering index (CRI) greater over the toilet area, tub, and walkways. than 80 for the light fi xture over the Provide separate switches for versatility in mirror. the lighting environment. Use 2700K or 3000K color temperature lamps for a warm, “incandescent” feel. One switch can be used for this layout instead of two as shown.

Master Bath KEY $ Switch

$ Fluorescent vanity light fi xture $ with T8 lamps and electronic

$ ballast 26-watt CFL recessed can with electronic ballast and white or

aluminum refl ector and trim 24 Lighting Design Guide Title Surface-mounted decorative incandescent light fi xture Note: Applicable fi xtures must meet 2005 Title 24 high-effi cacy requirements Standard Bath $ $ $

Closet

less than 70 sq. ft. = no requirement – Page 15 Bathrooms: Option #2

Bathroom lit with incandescent and fl uorescent lighting

Guidelines used for the lighting design Further code explanation as applied to the shown below: lighting plan below: Over or alongside the mirror, use incandescent Fluorescent and incandescent light fi xtures vanity light fi xtures controlled with a manual- MUST be controlled separately. on, automatic-off occupancy sensor. The occupancy sensor must be in the direct Use 26-watt CFL recessed cans with electronic line of sight of the occupant, not hidden, ballasts (or exhaust fan combination) over the around the corner, or in another room. toilet area, tub, and walkways.

The primary switch no longer needs to When three-way switching is desired, control the high-effi cacy (fl uorescent) use fl uorescent lighting with a standard light source. three-way switch.

Master Bath KEY $ Switch $oc Occupancy sensor 26-watt CFL recessed can

$ $ with electronic ballast and white/aluminum refl ector $oc and trim Surface-mounted incandescent vanity light fi xture Surface-mounted decorative incandescent light fi xture Note: Applicable fi xtures must meet 2005 Title 24 high-effi cacy requirements $ Standard Bath oc

Closet $ $ less than 70 sq. ft. = no requirement Title 24 Lighting Design Guide

–

16 Page Page Bathrooms: Option #3

Bathroom lit with incandescent lighting only

Guidelines used for the lighting design Further code explanation as applied to the shown below: lighting plan below: Use incandescent vanity light fi xtures over The occupancy sensor must be in the direct the mirror or on the sides of the mirror, line of sight of the occupant, not hidden, controlled with a manual-on, automatic-off around the corner, or in another room. occupancy sensor. The number of light fi xtures will vary with Use incandescent recessed cans or decora- each design and is not addressed in the tive surface-mounted fi xtures controlled by code. occupancy sensors over the toilet area, tub, and walkways. Control all incandescent lighting with one If the occupancy sensor controls all the occupancy sensor, as long as the sensor can light fi xtures in the space and turns off always “view” or “see” the occupant. the lights prematurely, the occupant could be in total darkness.

KEY Master Bath $ Switch $oc Occupancy sensor $ o c Recessed incandescent can $oc (ICAT if located in an $oc insulated ceiling) Surface-mounted incandescent vanity light fi xture 24 Lighting Design Guide Title

Surface-mounted decorative incandescent light fi xture Note: Applicable fi xtures must meet 2005 Title 24 high-effi cacy requirements

Standard Bath $ oc $ Closet

less than 70 sq. ft. = no requirement – Page 17 Other Spaces: Bedrooms & Hallways

All other interior High efficacy rooms (e.g., living OR room, dining room, Manual-on occupancy sensor bedrooms, hallways,) OR except closets less Dimmer than 70 sq. ft. 2005 Requirements

Note: Each and every permanently installed lighting fixture must comply with the standards, by means of being high efficacy, controlled by a manual-on occupancy sensor, or controlled by a dimmer. Bedrooms

$ Use fluorescent light fixtures with one or more $ Bedroom regular switches. OR Use incandescent light fixtures with dimmers or occupancy sensors. KEY Switch When using ceiling fans with fluorescent light kits, $ provide one regular switch for the fan and one Switch (three-way switch in $3 regular switch for the lights (as shown). hallway) When using ceiling fans with incandescent light 26-watt CFL recessed can with kits, provide one regular switch for the fan and one electronic ballast and white or dimmer for the light. aluminum reflector and trim Switched outlets (half hots) do not require special Ceiling fan with CFLs and fan controls. motor on separate switches When installing a switched ceiling box and no Note: Applicable fixtures must meet 2005 Title 24 high-efficacy requirements fixture, provide two switch wires so homeowners can comply with the 2005 requirements should they install a ceiling fan with a light fixture.

3 $

Entry area, foyer, and hallways 4 $

Use fluorescent light fixtures with regular three-way switching (as shown). OR Use incandescent light fixtures with three-way dimmers.

Title 24 Lighting Design Guide Choose from three types of incandescent

– dimmers: line voltage, low-voltage with $3 magnetic transformers, and low-voltage

18 Hallways with electronic transformers. Specify the correct dimmer for the incandescent load. Page Page Living Room, Dining Room & Attic

Living room

Use fluorescent light fixtures with one or more regular switches. OR $D Use incandescent light fixtures with dimmers. When using ceiling fans with fluorescent light kits, provide one regular switch for the fan and one regular switch for the DINING ROOM light. When using ceiling fans with incandescent light kits, provide one regular switch for the fan and one dimmer for the light. Switched outlets (half hots) do not require special controls. LIVING ROOM Dining room

For a more decorative option, use ENTRY incandescent light fixtures with dimmers.

Enclosed patio $ $$D An enclosed (unconditioned) patio is considered an “other space.” Each fixture Title 24 Lighting Design Guide Title must be high efficacy or controlled by a dimmer or occupancy sensor. KEY $ Switch Attic $D Dimmer Switched (half hot) outlet Regardless of the square footage, attics are considered “other spaces” and must use fluorescent light fixtures 26-watt CFL recessed can with a regular switch OR incandescent fixtures with a (ICAT in insulated ceiling) with dimmer or occupancy sensor. The fluorescent option electronic ballast and white or is recommended with a normal switch. The occupancy aluminum reflector and trim sensor option is recommended only if the sensor can

Surface- or pendant-mounted “see” the entire attic; otherwise it may be a liability if incandescent light fixture – Page the occupant is left in the dark. Note: Applicable fixtures must meet 2005 Title 24 high-efficacy requirements 19 Outdoor Lighting

High effi cacy Outdoor lighting OR Note: Each and every Controlled by motion 2005 attached to buildings permanently installed lighting fi xture sensor + photocontrol must comply with the standards. Requirements

Further code explanation as applied to the lighting plan below:

This part of the code covers all exterior Outdoor sensors must comply with lighting EXCEPT landscape lighting not the 30-minute shutoff requirement. attached to the building and residential The sensor must be installed so it parking lots or garages for eight or more views or covers the area that is to be vehicles. illuminated by the fi xture. Outdoor motion sensors must have automatic-off operation, but unlike interior occupancy sensors they may have automatic- on operation. In addition, exterior motion sensors must include a photocontrol to keep Pay attention to the electrical load require- lights off during daylight hours. ments of the sensor selected. If the sensor In addition to the motion sensor and rating calls for a minimum load, make sure photocontrol, the homeowner must still be that this load is met by all fi xtures. If the provided with a regular switch to turn the homeowner changes the lamp to a lower lights on and off manually. wattage, below the minimum load, the switch may no longer operate.

$ KEY $ Switch

Exterior fl uorescent FRONT PORCH sconce Note: Applicable fi xtures must meet 2005 Title 24 high-effi cacy requirements Title 24 Lighting Design Guide

–

20 Page Page OutdoorOutdoor Lighting Lighting

Carefully decide which technology to use in diff erent applications because each has diff erent advantages and disadvantages.

Benefi ts of high-effi cacy outdoor light Benefi ts of incandescent light fi xtures fi xtures: with photocell motion sensors: Lights can be left on for an extended period Lights are not left on unintentionally No need to be concerned with the place- Lights turn on automatically; no need for a ment of motion sensors free hand to fl ip a switch No need to worry about motion sensors Added home security turning lights on and off at undesired times Can use standard incandescent lamps

Recommended Uses: Recommended Uses: Entry porch: freedom to leave lights on for Anywhere the light would not be in direct an extended period of time sight of a bedroom: motion sensors may be triggered (on/off ) as, for example, a pet Near bedroom windows: homeowners may walks by in the middle of the night be distracted when lights are triggered by a motion sensor as a pet walks by in the Near the garage and trash can: this tran- middle of the night sitional space benefi ts from lights being controlled by motion sensors

Motion sensor coverage should not be too large, or lights will be triggered by street traffi c or a neighbor’s motion. Most sensors have a sensitivity control to adjust the degree of motion and light that triggers them. Title 24 Lighting Design Guide Title

KEY Exterior Trash & Recycling incandescent Side Yard sconce with Front Yard motion sensor and photocell Note: Applicable fi xtures $ must meet 2005 Title 24 high-effi cacy requirements Garage

– Page 2 1 Multi-Family Applications

Common areas of Note: Each and every High effi cacy low-rise residential permanently installed lighting OR 2005 buildings with 4 or more fi xture must comply with the Occupancy sensor dwelling units standards. Requirements

Common areas of low-rise residential buildings with four Do not use occupancy sensors with HID or more dwelling units lamps such as metal halide or high-pressure sodium. Additional code explanation: Buildings three stories or less are classifi ed as low rise. “Common areas” of low-rise buildings include Use passive infrared occupancy sensors exercise rooms, hallways, lobbies, corridors, located in the direct line of sight of the path/ and stairwells. people. Use a set point of 15–30 (30 max) minutes to turn off lights when not in use. Use high-effi cacy lighting (fl uorescent, metal halide, or high-pressure sodium), preferably on a photocontrol or time clock. OR Use any other light source with an occupancy Occupancy sensors should be rated for damp sensor. locations when installed under a canopy and wet locations when directly exposed to Occupancy sensors must be in the direct line of weather elements. sight of the walkway.

Residential parking lots for eight or more vehicles

Additional code explanation: Lamps rated over 100 watts must have a The installation must meet the power density lamp effi cacy of at least 60 lumens per watt limits for nonresidential lighting standards. For OR be controlled by a motion sensor. more information, see 2005 Building Energy Effi ciency Standards, Section 147. Fixtures with lamps rated over 175 watts shall be designated as “cutoff ,” limiting the light The owner must be able to automatically turn emitted upwards. Both “cutoff ” and “full-cut- off 50% of the lighting power in a reasonably off ” fi xtures can be used to meet this require- uniform pattern, so that the entire area retains ment. some illumination (no dark spots). Light fi xtures must be controlled by a photo- Title 24 Lighting Design Guide

control or an astronomical time switch that – turns lights off when daylight is available. Uniform lighting helps to eliminate shadows in corners and provide a sense of safety. 22 Page Page Glossary

ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials. Kelvin (K): The unit of temperature used to designate the color temperature of a light source. Temperature: ASTM E283: A standard testing method for measuring 2700K (warm color index), 3000K, 3500K, 4100K (cooler the rate of air leakage. As noted in the California Title color index). 24 - 2005 Building Efficiency Standards, Sub-Chapter 7, Section 150, (K), (5): [Recessed luminaires in insulated Kitchen: As defined by CEC, a room or area used for ceilings] “shall include a label certifying air tight (AT) or cooking, food storage and preparation, and washing similar designation to show air leakage less than 2.0 CFM dishes, including associated countertops and cabinets, at 75 Pascals (or 1.57 lbs/ft2) when tested in accordance refrigerator, stove, ovens, and floor area. Adjacent areas with ASTM E283.” are considered kitchen if the lighting for the adjacent areas is on the same switch as the lighting for the kitchen. Bathroom: As defined by CEC, a room containing a shower, tub, toilet, or a sink that is used for personal Lamp: Light bulb. hygiene. Low efficacy: Opposite of high-efficacy lighting. CCT: Correlated color temperature. See Kelvin. Typically incandescent, halogen, and mercury vapor. CEC: California Energy Commission. LPW: Lumens per watt (efficacy of a light fixture). CFL: Compact fluorescent lamp. Lumen: The unit that quantifies the total amount of light emitted by a source. CRI (color rendering index): A measure of the degree of color shift objects undergo when illuminated by the Luminaire: A complete light fixture consisting of a lamp light source as compared with those same objects when or lamps and ballast(s) together with the parts designed illuminated by a reference source of comparable color to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps, temperature. Higher CRI ratings indicate better color and to connect the lamps to the power supply (reflectors, rendering. Scale 0–100; 80+ signifies high-quality color housing, lenses, etc.). rendering. Maximum rated: The wattage listed on the label of Dimmer: A device used to control the intensity of light the light fixture. Fixture with a screw-in base may have a emitted from a luminaire by controlling the voltage or maximum-rated relamping wattage as high as 300 watts. current available to it. Motion sensor: A switching device used to automati- Fluorescent: A low-pressure mercury electric-discharge cally turn on light fixtures with a sensor that automatically lamp in which a phosphor coating transforms some of the turns off lighting fixtures after 30 minutes (maximum) UV energy generated into visible light. from when the last motion is detected (for outdoor applications only). Footcandle: A unit for illuminance (the amount of light that falls on a surface); equal to the number of lumens Nook: As defined by CEC, an area adjacent to the striking a surface, divided by the area of the surface. kitchen not on the same switch. This area falls under the “other spaces” code requirements and not under Half hot: A switched outlet.

the wattage requirements for the kitchen. 24 Lighting Design Guide Title

HID: High-intensity discharge lamp such as metal halide Occupancy sensor: A switching device used to or high-pressure sodium. manually turn on light fixtures with a sensor that auto- High efficacy: As defined by CEC: matically turns off lighting fixtures after thirty minutes • For lamps 15 watts or less—minimum of 40 lumens (maximum) from when the last motion is detected (for per watt indoor applications only). • For lamps 15 to 40 watts—minimum of 50 lumens Other rooms: As defined by CEC these include entry per watt areas, foyers, hallways, living rooms, dining rooms, family • For lamps over 40 watts—minimum of 60 lumens rooms, bedrooms, attics, and enclosed patios. per watt High-efficacy interior lighting is mostly fluorescent; high- Photocontrol: A device used to automatically turn on efficacy exterior lighting can be fluorescent or HID. light fixtures at dusk and automatically turn them off at dawn. ICAT: A luminaire installed in an insulated ceiling

meeting the insulation contact and airtight rating Relamping wattage: The maximum allowable wattage requirements. specified by the luminaire label. – Page

IESNA: Illuminating Engineering Society of North Sconce: A decorative wall light fixture. America. Watt: The unit of measure for the energy used by a Illuminance: Light arriving at a surface. lamp or fixture. 23 Page 24 – Title 24 Lighting Design Guide 2005 Title 24: Inspection & Compliance Guide Compliance & Inspection 24: Title 2005 ______x______=______or ______x______=______or ______At least50%ofthetotalwattage ishigheffi cacy ______ASTM E283orequivalent. Installation isairtight Recessed fi xtures ininsulatedceilings installed are rated ICAT andcertifi ed sensors. Incandescent fi xtures are manual-on/automatic-off with switched occupancy lightfiAll xtures are higheffi cacy. ASTM E283 or equivalent. Installation isairtight Recessed fi xtures ininsulatedceilings installed are rated ICAT andcertifi ed sensors. Incandescent fi xtures are manual-on/automatic-off with switched occupancy lightfiAll xtures are higheffi cacy. ASTM E283orequivalent. Installation isairtight Recessed fi xtures ininsulatedceilings installed are rated ICAT andcertifi ed sensors. Incandescent fi xtures are manual-on/automatic-off with switched occupancy lightfiAll xtures are higheffi cacy. High-effi cacy High-effi cacy High-effi cacy ASTM E283orequivalent. Installation isairtight Recessed fi xtures ininsulatedceilings installed are rated ICAT andcertifi ed High-effi cacy Additional requirements Garage Laundry Room/Utility Bathroom(s) Kitchen itr ye iheficc eapn x uniy= Hg-f ay o Low-effi cacy Relamping xQuantity =High-effi cacy or Higheffi cacy Fixture Type andlow-effi cacy fi xtures are separately. switched andlow-effi cacy fi xtures are separately. switched andlow-effi cacy fi xtures are separately. switched andlow-effi cacy fi xtures are separately. switched yn wtae wtae wattage wattage wattage (y/n) Cmle fA>B Ttl A:______B:______Total: (Complies A>B) if (caulking (caulking (caulking (caulking :

x x

______=______=______, gaskets). , gaskets). , gaskets). , gaskets). Compliant? YESNO o ______or ______or E N/A YES E N/A YES N/A YES N/A YES

NO NO NO NO

Title 24 Lighting Design Guide – Page 25 NO NO NO NO NO YES N/A YES N/A YES N/A YES N/A YES N/A , gaskets). , gaskets). , gaskets). , gaskets). (caulking (caulking (caulking (caulking ) (s and low-effi cacy fi xtures are switched separately. are xtures cacy fi and low-effi switched separately. are xtures cacy fi and low-effi and low-effi cacy fi xtures are switched separately. are xtures fi cacy and low-effi switched separately. are xtures cacy fi and low-effi dimmer switch. dimmer switch. dimmer switch. dimmer switch. y Area / Foyer room(s)

OR OR OR OR

allway(s)

Entr H Living Room / Dining Room Living Room Bed Outdoor Space All light fi xtures are high effi cacy. high effi are xtures All light fi switch sensor with a manual-on/off motion by controlled are xtures fi Incandescent AND photocontrol. High-effi cacy High-effi cacy High-effi High-effi cacy High-effi cacy High-effi ICAT and certifi ed and certifi ICAT rated installed are in insulated ceilings xtures fi Recessed is airtight . Installation E283 or equivalent ASTM ICAT and certifi ed and certifi ICAT rated installed are in insulated ceilings xtures fi Recessed is airtight . Installation equivalent E283 or ASTM ICAT and certifi ed and certifi ICAT rated installed are in insulated ceilings xtures fi Recessed is airtight . Installation equivalent E283 or ASTM ICAT and certifi ed certifi and ICAT rated are installed in insulated ceilings xtures fi Recessed is airtight . Installation E283 or equivalent ASTM sensors All light fi xtures are high effi cacy. high effi are xtures All light fi occupancy switched with manual-on/automatic-off are xtures fi Incandescent sensors All light fi xtures are high effi cacy. high effi are xtures All light fi occupancy switched with manual-on/automatic-off are xtures fi Incandescent sensors All light fi xtures are high effi cacy. high effi are xtures All light fi occupancy switched with manual-on/automatic-off are xtures fi Incandescent sensors All light fi xtures are high effi cacy. high effi are xtures All fi light occupancy switched with manual-on/automatic-off are xtures fi Incandescent 2005 Title 24: Inspection & Compliance Guide For more information, contact:

Title 24 Background & Reference California Energy Commission www.energy.ca.gov/title24 916-654-5200 Residential Lighting Design Guide Sponsors ENERGY STAR www.energystar.gov 888-STAR-YES Pacific Gas and Electric www.pge.com Sacramento Municipal Utility District www.smud.org The California Lighting Technology Center, San Diego Gas & Electric established through a joint effort of the www.sdge.com California Energy Commission and the Southern California Edison University of California, Davis, conducts www.sce.com both cooperative and independent activities with lighting manufacturers, Southern California Gas Company with electric utilities, and with the design www.socalgas.com and engineering professional community. These partnerships are facilitated and Technical Resources supported by state-of-the-art lighting Advanced Lighting Guidelines California Lighting Technology and daylighting applications at CLTC’s www.newbuildings.org/lighting Center development and testing facilities, Building Industry Research Alliance www.cltc.ucdavis.edu coupled with lighting-efficiency training www.bira.ws ConSol and educational programs. California Association of Building www.consol.ws Energy Consultants ENERGY STAR www.cabec.org/abouttitle24.php www.LightingPlans.com The Residential Lighting Design Guide California Building Industry Institute www.energystar.gov/ was developed by the California Lighting www.cbia.org (click on “Products” then Technology Center, with special thanks to “Residential Light Fixtures”) Connie Buchan from Sacramento Municipal Utility District for her contribution to the Manufacturers development of this guide. Cooper Lighting Philips Lighting www.cooperlighting.com www.philips.com For more information and guide updates, visit: www.cltc.ucdavis.edu Juno Lighting Progress Lighting www.junolighting.com www.progresslighting.com Leviton Seagull Lighting www.leviton.com www.seagulllighting.com Lithonia Lighting Thomas Lighting www.lithonia.com www.thomaslighting.com Lutron Watt Stopper www.lutron.com www.wattstopper.com Novitas www.novitas.com rev 080105