DONALD A. HEALD Rare Books, Prints and Maps

124 East 74th Street New York, New York 10021

Tel: 212 744 3505 Fax: 212 628 7847

[email protected] www.donaldheald.com

Boston Book Fair 2010

Natural History: Items 1 - 19 Americana: Items 20 - 42 Travels & Voyages: Items 43 - 49 Illustrated: Items 50 - 56 Atlases & Cartography: Items 57 - 63 Miscellany: Items 64 - 67

Natural History

1] AUDUBON, John James (1785-1851). The Birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories. New York & Philadelphia: E.G.Dorsey for J.J.Audubon and [vols.I-V] J.B.Chevalier, [1839- ]1840-1844. 7 volumes, large 8vo (10 x 6 1/2 inches). Half-titles, 18pp. subscribers' lists. 500 hand-coloured lithographed plates after Audubon by W.E. Hitchcock, R. Trembley and others, printed by J.T. Bowen of Philadelphia (plates 1-135, 151-500) or George Endicott of New York (plates 136-150), numerous wood-engraved anatomical figures in text.

[with:] AUDUBON, John James (1785-1851) and Rev. John BACHMAN (1790-1874). The Quadrupeds of North America. New York: V.G. Audubon, 1849-1851-1854. 3 volumes, large octavo (10 3/16 x 7 inches). Two half- titles. 155 hand-coloured lithographic plates, finished by hand, by William E. Hitchcock or Ralph Trembly after John James or John Woodhouse Audubon, printed by J.T.Bowen (131) of Philadelphia or Nagel & Weingaertner (24) of New York. (Bound without the half-title to vol.II, vol.III with half title bound after the title and with the second contents leaf mis-bound at the end).

2 works in 10 volumes. Contemporary black morocco, the second work bound to match the first, covers with outer border with blind fillets and stylized floral corner-tool, the first work with decorative roundels in gilt, the roundel on the upper covers enclosing a large gilt letter 'D' on an onlaid section of matched black morocco, the second work with decorative scalloped ovals in gilt, the oval on the upper covers enclosing a large gilt letter 'D' on an onlaid section of matched black morocco, spines of both works in five compartments with raised bands, the bands flanked by blind fillets and highlighted with a gilt fillet, lettered in gilt in the second and fourth compartments, gilt turn-ins, the first work with black/brown marbled endpapers, the second with blue/red marbled endpapers, g.e. Provenance: "Blake" or "F.S. Blake" (penciled signature and inscription in vols.II and VII of first work, possibly a relative of one of four original subscribers surnamed Blake, and listed in vol.II of the first work).

A very fine set, bound from the original parts, of the first octavo editions of both of Audubon's great works.

The first work has become known as "Audubon's Great National Work": it is the first complete edition and the first American edition, with the Black-shouldered Elanus plate in its earliest state. It is also one of the "most beautiful, popular, and important natural history books published in America in the nineteenth century... [also] representing the best of pre-Civil War American lithography and giving Audubon the opportunity finally to display his scholarship and genius to a large American audience for the first time" (Ron Tyler).

The plates, here accompanied by the text for the first time, were reduced and variously modified from the Havell engravings in the double-elephant folio. Seven new species are figured and seventeen others, previously described in the Ornithological Biography but not illustrated, were also shown for the first time.

Audubon may have been prompted to publish the reduced version of his double-elephant folio by the appearance in 1839 of John Kirk Townsend's rival Ornithology of the United States, or, as he writes in the introduction to the present work, he may have succumbed to public demand and his wish that a work similar to his large work should be published but "at such a price, as would enable every student or lover of nature to place it in his Library."

The second work is the first edition, bound from the original parts, of the octavo edition of Audubon's final great natural history work, with plate 29 in its first state (drawn on stone by Trembly, printed by Nagel & Weingaertner). This work includes plates and descriptions of the quadrupeds of the United States including Texas, California and Oregon, as well as part of Mexico, the British and Russian possessions and Arctic regions.

Audubon's collaborator on the Quadrupeds was the naturalist and Lutheran clergyman John Bachman who had studied quadrupeds since he was a young man and was a recognized authority on the subject in the United States. The two began their association when Audubon stayed with Bachman and his family in Charleston for a month in 1831; this friendship was later cemented by the marriage of Victor and John W. Audubon to Bachman's daughters, Maria and Eliza. Audubon knew Bachman's contribution to the Quadrupeds would be crucial and endeavored to convince his friend to lay aside his fears about the project. Audubon was eager to begin what he felt could be his last outstanding achievement in natural history, but Bachman was more cautious and worried that they were entering a field where "we have much to learn." Audubon persisted in his efforts to get him to take part, and Bachman, `anxious to do something for the benefit of Victor and John [Audubon]', eventually relented, with the final condition that all of the expenses and all of the profits should go to Audubon's sons. By 1835, Bachman had become indispensable to the Quadrupeds project, writing most of the text and editing the entire work.

The first edition of the octavo Birds of America was overseen by Audubon himself and proved to be a great success, both artistically and financially. With this in mind, a similar edition of the Quadrupeds was envisaged from an early stage. The folio edition was published in 30 numbers between 1845 and 1854, and publication of the first octavo edition began in 1849 and was also completed in 1854. Unfortunately, Audubon did not live to see the completion of either of the Quadruped projects, and after his death in January 1851 the work was seen through to completion by his son John Woodhouse Audubon. The two editions of the Quadrupeds form a fitting memorial to the greatest natural history artist of his day.

First work: Bennett p.5; Nissen IVB 51; Ripley 13; Ron Tyler Audubon's Great National Work (1993) Appendix I; Sabin 2364; Zimmer p.22. Second work: Bennett, p. 5; Nissen ZBI 163; Reese Stamped With A National Character 38; Wood, p. 208. (#21929) $ 125,000.

2] BÉL, Mátyás (1684-1749). Hungariae Antiquae et Novae Prodromus, cum specimine, quomodo in singulis operis partibus elaborandis, versari constituerit. Nuremberg: Peter Conrad Monath, 1723. Folio (14 1/2 x 9 1/4 inches). Half-title, title with engraved vignette. 1 folding engraved map, 2 engraved plates (1 folding), 6 engraved illustrations, 3 head- and 2 tail-pieces, 4 engraved initials. Contemporary brown speckled calf, spine in eight compartments with raised bands with repeat decoration in gilt. Provenance: Starhemberg Family (large engraved armorial bookplate on front-pastedown); Starhemberg Family Museum, Schloss Starhemberg, Eferding, Austria (inkstamps on front free endpaper, one dated 1893); Melvin E. Jahn (booklabel).

The first edition, with a noble Austrian provenance .

The first portion of this notable account of Hungary covers the history of the region from ancient times; the second part describes modern Hungary, including descriptions of its hot springs (including 3 related illustrations), vineyards and wine-making industry. Of particular importance is a section devoted to the mineralogy of Hungary, with references to the discovery of fossils found in caves and including a fine double-page engraving.

Brunet I, 741 (under Belius); Graesse I, p 322. (#24072) $ 2,500.

3] COMPANY SCHOOL, China, late-18th century. An album of original botanical watercolours. [Shanghai: no date but circa 1790]. Folio (17 1/8 x 12 3/4 inches). 20 original watercolour and bodycolour drawings (14 x 11 1/2 inches and smaller) on Chinese paper, mounted one to a page. Mid-19th century dark red morocco gilt, covers with an elaborate gilt border of two thick fillets flanking a highly decorative roll, with cornerpieces of large square stylised flower-heads, the border enclosing a large central panel blocked in semi-relief with highly elaborate panels to an overall Adam-influenced design centering on an oval with a large flowerhead, within a lozenge, this panel filled with stylized scrolling foliage and flowerheads, the spine in five unequal compartments, each gilt with numerous small tools, the third compartment with a design centered on a shaped lozenge, the others with a repeat design of a broken oval with numerous small tools, elaborate gilt turn-ins, white watered-silk textured paper endpapers, damascened steel clasp, gilt edges.

A fine early collection of beautifully composed images, in a style that recalls traditional Chinese compositions, whilst also making allowances for the differing Western taste of the European patrons who supported a thriving school of highly talented natural history artists in Shanghai from the late 18th century onwards

The drawings are all on Chinese paper, suggesting an early date. From about 1800 onwards, the Shanghai artists were generally supplied with English wove paper (often 'Whatman' paper). The supposition of an early date is also supported by the style of drawing, which still shows strong traces of the traditional Chinese style of painting. The artist or artists of these drawings have not yet learned to portray their subjects according to the western notion of a 'botanical drawing' - i.e. with samples of the fruit or seeds, and perhaps a dissection of a flower to show its structure. This collection forms part of what was to become a well-established tradition of almost exclusively anonymous Chinese artists, working in and around the coastal trading ports, producing work for Western patrons, more particularly the members of the East India and Dutch East India Companies. The best of the drawings are arguably a match for anything that Western botanical artists were producing at the time. The quality of the album into which these drawings have been carefully mounted suggest that, at an early date, their outstanding quality was recognized. The subjects include a striking amaranthus, a mallow, tree peonies, narcissi, prunus, begonia, iris, one watercolour including an unidentified bird and a very fine image of a spray of wild white dog-rose being visited by five bees and three butterflies. (#15168) $ 20,000.

4] DENISSE, Etienne-Marie (1785-1861). Flore d'Amerique dessinée d'après nature sur les lieux. Riche collection de plantes les plus remarquables. Fleurs & fruits de grosseur & de grandeur naturelle. Paris: chez Gihaut frères [vol.I]; chez l'Auteur [vol.II], [1843-1846]. 2 volumes, folio (18 5/8 x 12 1/4 inches). Lithographed throughout, 2 titles with surrounding decorative borders, 1p. 'Introduction' (with date at foot of page altered in manuscript to 1844), 1p. 'Prospectus', 132 fine hand-coloured plates only (of ?202). (Occasional toning to plates). Non-uniform but contemporary red morocco-backed orange textured paper-covered boards, covers bordered in gilt, the first volume with the author and title lettered in gilt on the upper cover, neatly rebacked to style in uniform red morocco, the spines in seven compartments with wide semi-raised bands, lettered in gilt in the second and fourth compartments, the others with repeat decoration in gilt, uniform contemporary marbled endpapers.

Very rare. No complete copy of this work is listed as having sold at auction in the past thirty five years.

A very fine pictorial survey of the most spectacular flowers, fruit, trees, vines and nuts that grow in the tropical regions of the Americas. The range of the species shown probably extends from Charleston, South Carolina in the north, to the north coast of South America in the south.

The last auction record for this work is in 1977 when an incomplete copy sold at Christies in London: it included 193 (of 201) coloured plates, and was without title pages. OCLC records 15 copies under six different titles, but only about half of these are truly complete: the Huntington Library copy, for example, is described as being complete with only 72 plates (the same number required by Great Flower Books). One reason for the rarity of this work is that it was evidently a struggle for the author to find subscribers, or indeed a publisher: the title to the first volume and the first 30 or so plates were published by Gihaut freres; the second title and the remainder of the plates come from the author himself.

Etienne Denisse first travelled to the French West Indies as 'desinateur' aboard Le Lye. He "worked for the botanical garden of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. He lived for many years in the French West Indies, employed by the government [in Guadeloupe] to illustrate plants and collect horticultural specimens. Flore d'Amérique created a sensation when first released; the ... magnificent hand-colored lithographs included many species considered exotic at the time." (Paradise in Print ... An Exhibition, New York Botanical Garden, April 2007).

Arnold Arboretum p.196 (201 plates); Great Flower Books (1990) p.89 (calling for only 72 plates); Nissen BBI 470 (201 plates); Stafleu & Cowan I, 1366 (200 plates). (#23546) $ 27,500.

5] DUKE, J. (publisher). The Compleat Florist. London: printed for J. Duke and sold by J. Robinson, 1747. Octavo (8 7/8 x 5 1/4 inches). Engraved throughout. Hand-coloured emblematic frontispiece by John Carwitham, title with elaborate hand-coloured floral border, 100 hand-coloured numbered plates with integral text. Expertly rebacked to style in 18th-century russia, with contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, spines divided into seven compartments with raised bands, red morocco lettering piece. Provenance: Isaac Royall (early inscription dated 16 January 1754).

An excellent copy of the deluxe hand-coloured issue of the first edition, second issue of this beautiful and valuable work.

Today, the word florist describes a profession: one who sells flowers, normally cut flowers and normally from retail premises. In the 18th-century the word "florist" had a more general meaning. Samuel Johnson, in 1757, defined a florist as a "cultivater [sic.] of flowers" in both a professional and amateur capacity. This work was aimed at both groups of flower growers, and was intended as an indicator of what was available, fashionable, and the "coming- thing," whilst also providing the necessary growing instructions. The work was first published in two parts in 1740, and re-issued in the present format in 1747. Each plate features a single variety. The first six plates include the names of the nurserymen/florists who grew the individual bloom: Messrs. Kingman, Giles (2), Sampson, Bowen and Fairchild. All of the plates include a note of when the variety flowers, and they all also include integral engraved text that either gives cultivation instructions, or refers back to a previous plate that features another variety of the same plant.

The work is not only beautifully engraved and printed, but also offers an important overview of the varieties that were available to gardeners during mid-18th century, an important time in the history of gardening when systematic classification was taking hold. A surprising number of different species are shown, with multiple varieties of a number of species, including: 5 tulips; 5 anemone; 6 lillies; 8 carnations or pinks; 7 roses; 4 irises; and 3 auriculas. A contemporary reference records that the work was available at 5s. uncoloured, or, as here, 15s. coloured.

Dunthorne 102; cf. The Gardening World (22 March 1890) 6, p.456; Henrey III, 568; Nissen BBI 554; cf. R. Weston Tracts on Practical Agriculture and Gardening ... Second edition (1773) 68. (#19641) $ 15,000.

6] ELLIOT, Daniel Giraud (1835-1915). A Monograph of the Pittidae, or Family of Ant-Thrushes. London: printed by Taylor & Francis for Bernard Quaritch, April 1893-January 1895. 5 original parts in one volume, folio (22 7/8 x 15 inches). 51 hand-coloured lithographed plates (comprising: 34 printed by the Mintern Brothers [33 by and after William Hart, 1 by J.G. Keulemans after Hart], 17 printed by Bowen & Co. of Philadelphia, by C.F. Tholey and others after Elliot [12], Paul Louis Oudart [3], Maupart [1] and 1 unsigned). Expertly bound to style in green half morocco gilt, incorporating contemporary pale green cloth-covered boards, spine in six compartments with raised bands, lettered in the second and fourth compartments, repeat decoration in gilt in the others, comb- marbled endpapers, original upper wrappers to the original parts bound at the back, t.e.g.

A fine copy of the second edition of Elliot's first great monograph, with the text completely rewritten and twenty more plates than the first.

'It is not often that one returns to his first love and finds her, after many years, more beautiful than ever, as has been my experience in the present instance' (preface): Elliot's first major work was published between 1861 and 1863 with plates of just 31 species. For the present edition the text was rewritten, and Elliot commissioned William Hart to produce 34 new plates (redrawing 14 of the original plates and adding 20 drawings of new species).

The Pittidae are usually ground-dwelling and insectivorous, and are commonly known as pitta, ground thrushes or ant thrushes. They generally have variously-coloured plumage with three or more colours, such as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are most abundant in the East Indies (Borneo and New Guinea in particular), but are also found in Nepal, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Cambodia, Africa, and Australia

BM(NH) I,p.522; cf. Fine Bird Books (1990) p.95; T. Keulemans & J. Coldewey, Feathers to brush... John Gerrard Keulemans, 1982, p.61; cf. Nissen IVB 292; Wood p.332; Zimmer p.208 (#15863) $ 37,500.

7] [FORBES, James (1773-1861)]. Pinetum Woburnense: or, a catalogue of coniferous plants, in the collection of the Duke of Bedford, at Woburn Abbey; systematically arranged. [London: printed by James Moyes], 1839. Large 8vo (10 1/8 x 6 7/8 inches). Tinted lithographed frontispiece after Lady Isabella Russell, 68 hand-coloured engraved plates by E.S. Weddell (56 double-page), many heightened with gum arabic. Contemporary green morocco by Feaston of Tavistock, Devon, covers with border of a gilt fillet and a small roll tool in blind, spine in six compartments with raised bands in six compartments, the bands highlighted with an intermittent roll, and flanked fillets in gilt and blind, titled in gilt in the second compartment, gilt turn-ins, pink glazed endpapers, g.e. Provenance: Sir Joseph Radcliffe (Rudding Park, Harrogate, Yorkshire, armorial bookplate).

A very fine copy of this valuable and rare work on Pines: "the genus 'Pinus' is probably entitled to wonder and admiration beyond all others" (Duke of Bedford). One of only one hundred copies privately published by the Duke of Bedford.

Francis Russell, 7th Duke of Bedford (1788-1861) published this work both as record as a record of his "pinetum" at Woburn Abbey, and as an inducement: "The culture of the family of the Coniferae may be said to be almost in its infancy in this county. The numerous species of Pines introduced into Europe from distant climes, from the Himalayan range of mountains and other parts of India, has given new zest to those who take pleasure in bringing forward and cultivating hitherto unknown productions of the vegetable world. And, without going into an inquiry respecting the commercial advantages ... I will content myself with observing, that the genus Pinus is probably entitled to wonder and admiration beyond all others; and that, at no distant period, we may see the Cedrus Deodara,and Abies Doublasii , and others flourishing among the cedars of Lebanon in our British forests. Should the perusal of this Catalogue stimulate any land-owners of Great Britain to increase their zeal and their efforts in cultivating this truly valuable family of trees, my object will be fully attained" (Introduction).

Following the publication of his catalogue of willows at Woburn Abbey (Salictum woburnense London: 1829), the 7th Duke issued this catalogue of the pines. As with the earlier work, the text is by his gardener James Forbes. The fine plates are by E.S. Weddell, who also accomplished some of the plates in later editions of Lambert's monumental work on pines. The work was privately published and most copies were given as gifts by the Duke. The present copy is nicely bound by a binder in Tavistock, where the Duke had large property holdings.

BM(NH) II, p.592; Nissen BBI 641; Stafleu & Cowan I, 1817. (#21993) $ 16,000.

8] HORSFIELD, Thomas (1773-1859), John Joseph BENNETT (1801-1876) and Robert BROWN (1773-1858). Plantæ Javanicæ rariores, descriptæ iconibusque illustratæ, quas in insula Java, annis 1802-1818, legit et investigavit. London: printed by Richard Taylor, for William H. Allen & Co., 1838-1852. 4 parts bound in one volume, 4to (14 1/8 x 10 1/2 inches). Title in Latin, preliminary leaves, indices and postscript in English, text in Latin and English. Folding engraved map of Java by J. and C. Walker after Horsfield with his routes marked in red by hand, 50 engraved plates by J. Curtis and E. Weddell after C. and J. Curtis (47 hand-coloured [6 of these double- page], 3 uncoloured [1 of these double-page]). Plate XXIV trimmed touching image as usual). Contemporary English green half morocco over marbled paper-covered boards, spine expertly rebacked with original spine laid down, the original spine gilt in five compartments with semi-raised bands, lettered in the second and fourth compartments, marbled endpapers, gilt edges.

A fine copy of this rare work on the most botanically interesting plants on the island of Java: this is the deluxe hand-coloured issue of this spectacular record of the findings of the first American to carry out scientific research in Southeast Asia

This work was published in four parts over an unusually-extended period which has meant that complete copies are now rare. Lowndes notes that parts I-III were published at 5 guineas with the plates uncoloured. The deluxe issue with the plates hand-coloured as here cost 7 guineas. In addition, the present copy also includes an apparently unrecorded dedication leaf (dated 9 April 1852 acknowledging the patronage of the East India Company) which is not called for by any of the bibliographies cited below.

Horsfield assembled his herbarium in Java between 1802 and 1819. Born in Pennsylvania, Horsfield first visited Java in 1800 shortly after qualifying as a doctor in Philadelphia. The astonishingly rich flora and fauna captured his imagination, and he returned as an employee of the Dutch East India Company, a post that allowed him to start his researches in 1802. The fall of Holland to the French gave the British an excuse to take over the Dutch overseas territories, and following the British capture of Java in 1811, Horsfield was able to obtain the patronage of the charismatic governor of the region: Sir Stamford Raffles. Horsfield travelled throughout the island observing not only the botanical, but also zoological and geological aspects of its natural history, and mapping it. Ill-health forced him to leave Java in 1819, and he accompanied his collections back to London.

On his arrival in Britain, Horsfield handed the herbarium over to Robert Brown who "undertook the examination and arrangement" (prospectus, p. [v]) of the collection. Brown's work eventually showed that the herbarium included 2,196 distinct specimens: the importance of the collection was also recognised and it was therefore decided to publish detailed descriptions of the "more remarkable, new or imperfectly known plants" (prospectus, p. [v]). This work also fell to Brown, but the pressure of his numerous other projects meant that the publication was severely delayed. Brown was able to oversee the production of the beautiful plates, but then, with Horsfield's agreement, the job of writing and overseeing the rest of the work was passed on to Brown's assistant Bennett. He proved to be an admirable substitute and the final part was eventually published fifty years after Horsfield began his collection.

Arnold Arboretum p.73; BM (NH) I, p. 135; Brunet III, 340; Great Flower Books p. 74; Lowndes II, p. 1122 (parts I-III only); Nissen BBI 934; Pritzel 613; Stafleu & Cowan 418. (#20717) $ 17,500.

9] LAMBERT, Aylmer Bourke (1761-1842). A Description of the Genus Pinus, with directions relative to the cultivation, and remarks on the uses of the several species: also descriptions of many other new species of the family Coniferæ. London: Messrs. Weddell, 1832. 2 volumes, octavo (10 5/8 x 6 5/8 inches). Stipple-engraved portrait frontispiece of the author with integral engraved caption beneath incorporating hand-coloured Lambert family arms, 75 engraved plates (72 hand-coloured, 1 printed in green, 2 uncoloured, 11 folding) with at least 41 of these plates laid down onto backing sheets (as issued). Expertly bound to style in red straight-grained half morocco over contemporary green/grey drab paper-covered boards, the flat spines divided into six compartments by single gilt fillets, lettered in gilt in the second, third and fourth compartments, gilt. Provenance: Edward Duke (Lake, Wiltshire. England, armorial bookplate); William Russell Grace (1832-1904, armorial bookplate).

A fine copy of the first octavo edition of Lambert's great work on the pine trees of the world.

The earliest edition of Lambert's important monograph was published in two large folio volumes between 1803 and 1824. It then appeared in various formats with varying numbers of plates, including the present octavo edition, until the Bohn folio issue of 1842. Lowndes notes that the fine plates in the octavo edition are made up from "sections of some of the plates" from the larger folio work and new versions of other plates. The fine plates retain much of the power of their larger folio cousins. Stafleu tacitly agrees with Great Flower Books assessment of this book as one of the most bibliographically complex of all natural history works when he notes that 'All copies show differences": this copy in addition to having three or four more plates than the accepted norm, is also (like the de Belder copy) without the appendix leaves which are found at the end of some copies.

Irish-born William Russell Grace, co-founder of W.R Grace and Co., was an American success story who rose from relative poverty to be one of the richest men in the country. He was also a noted philanthropist and served two terms as Mayor of New York.

Henrey III, 923; Great Flower Books (1990) p. 111; Harvard Catalogue of the Library of the Arnold Arboretum p.409; Lowndes II, p.1302; Nissen BBI 1126; Pritzel 5010; Stafleu & Cowan II, 4146. (#22765) $ 8,250.

10] LEA, Isaac (1792-1886). Papers on Conchology, by Isaac Lea. Read before the American Philosophical Society, 1830-1. Philadelphia: Printed for the Society, 1831. 3 parts in one (as issued), quarto (10 3/4 x 8 5/8 inches). Collation: title (verso blank); [new series, vol.IV], pp.63-123 [1 blank page]; [new series, vol.III], pp.[259]- 284; [new series, vol.III], [403]-456; 3 leaves with 3pp. of early manuscript index. 28 hand-coloured plates (13 engraved, 2 etched, 13 lithographed), all by J. Drayton. Bound to style in contemporary half russia over marbled paper-covered boards, spine decoratively tooled in gilt, marbled endpapers, gilt edges.

An apparently unrecorded American colour-plate book: a separate issue of Lea's earliest work on shells.

All three parts of this work were also published in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, but this is the first example recorded that includes a unifying title for the three individual parts; the first example which shows that the three collected parts should now be considered as a separate work to be added to the slim canon of important early American colour-plate books. It is also interesting to note that the final part is published here in 1831, some years before it first appeared in volume IV of the Transactions which was published in 1834.

This work is made up from three parts containing four papers which Isaac Lea read to the American Philosophical Society: the first on 2nd November 1827 a "Description of six new species of the Genus Unio..." (illustrated with four plates, and also issued as part of new series, volume III of the Transactions published in 1830); the second on 6th March 1829 a "Description of a new genus of the family Naïades, including eight species, four of which are new" (illustrated with eight plates, also issued in volume III, published in 1830); the third on 7th May 1830 "Observations on the Naïades, and descriptions of new species of that and other families" (with 16 plates, and also issued as part of new series, volume IV of the Transactions published in 1834); the fourth on 7th January 1831 "Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana of Lamarck" (also issued in volume IV, published in 1834). In the present work the three parts are bound out of chronological sequence, and there is also an additional unrelated article on plants bound in.

Isaac Lea was elected to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1815. His initial interest in Geology led him to the study of shells and Lea spent several years studying the Academy's collection of freshwater mollusks sent by Stephen Long from the Ohio River, as well as those collected by his brother Thomas Lea near Cincinnati. The first published result of these deliberations, "A Description of Six New Species of the Genus Unio", appeared in 1827 (and again in the present work) in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. Thereafter he devoted most of his scientific attention to Conchology. An acute and accurate observer, during a long lifetime Lea collected, identified, and described 1,842 species of some fifty genera of freshwater and terrestrial mollusks. It was Lea's "habit with his scientific papers to have 250 ... [copies] of each paper [printed, and to then have them ] bound ... up from time to time with title page and introduction as Observations on the Genus Unio (13 vols., 1827-1874), [these were then] ... presented ... to institutions and individuals." The present work appears to be an early stand- alone version of one of the earliest of these sammelbands, suggesting that it too was probably prepared by Lea himself, and printed "for the Society" in a small edition. The printers were probably Carey & Lea, for, in addition to his scientific endeavours, Lea was also a partner in this highly successful Philadelphia publishing house.

The Carey and Lea connection would have facilitated Lea's access to the services of Philadelphia-based artist and engraver Joseph Drayton (1795-1856). The fine plates are all his work (four are from drawings by Lea himself, the rest are by and after Drayton), and include examples that are engraved, etched and lithographed; all are hand- coloured. Drayton had worked earlier on William Barton's A Flora of North America (1821-1823), on maps for Henry Tanner and subsequently served as one of the official artists on the Wilkes expedition before supervising the preparation of the plates for publication as well as providing a number of the images in the official report Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition (1845).

Not mentioned in the standard bibliographies, but for the individual parts see Meisel II, pp.22 and 23; and N.P. Scudder's The Published writings of Isaac Lea (Washington: 1885) 9, 12, and 15.

(#23459) $ 3,500.

11] MARSIGLI, Count Luigi Ferdinando (1658-1730). Histoire Physique de la Mer. Amsterdam: Aux Dépens de la Compagnie, 1725. Folio (14 5/8 x 9 1/4 inches). Title printed in red with intergal vignette printed in black, preface in Latin and French printed in two columns, main text in French. Engraved allegorical frontispiece, 52 engraved maps, coastal profiles, tables and plates (2 double-page maps, 3 double-page profiles, 5 double-page tables, 1 single-page table, 31 uncoloured plates, 10 hand-coloured plates). Contemporary speckled calf, spine gilt in seven compartments with raised bands, red morocco lettering-piece in the second compartment, the others with repeat decoration in gilt. Provenance: Sibirskaja University Library (blue stamp incorporating the Imperial eagle on title); unidentified armorial bookplate; Melvin E. Jahn (pencilled note at front).

First edition of the first modern treatise on the ocean by the acknowledged "father of oceanography" and founder of the Instituto delle scienze e dell'arte in Bologna. This copy with fine contemporary colouring on 10 plates depicting various corals; coloured copies, either fully or with a selection coloured as here, are exceptional.

In this beautifully printed and illustrated work, Marsigli "treated problems which until then had been veiled by error and legend. Marsigli examined every aspect of the subject: the morphology of the basin and relationships between the lands and above water; the water's properties (colour, temperature, salinity) and its motion (waves, currents, tides); the biology of the sea, which foretold the advent of maritime biology. Among the plants he numbered animals like corals, which before his time had been regarded as inorganic matter. Finally Marsigli was the precursor of the systematic oceanographic exploration that was to begin half a century later with the famous voyage of the Endeavour" (Dictionary of Scientific Biography IX, p 135). Marsigli enjoyed an active correspondence with many European scientists, including Scheuchzer (see John Stoye Marsigli's Europe: 1680-1730, 1994, pp 267-70).

BM (NH) III, p 1247; Brunet III, 1474 (noting that although uncoloured, a copy had been seen "avec fig. color"); Nissen ZBI 2699; Norman Library 1445 (uncoloured plates); cf. Schuh p.1009; Ward & Carozzi 1504. (#24067) $ 5,500.

12] MORRIS, Richard. Essays on Landscape Gardening, and on uniting picturesque effect with rural scenery: containing directions for laying out and improving the grounds connected with a country residence. London: Printed by S and R. Bentley for J. Taylor, 1825 [text watermarked 1824-1825, plates watermarked 1825]. Quarto (12 3/4 x 10 inches). Half-title, uncut. 6 aquatint plates (3 hand-coloured, 3 printed in sepia [2 of these with overlays]). Original paper-covered boards, paper title label to backstrip, green morocco backed box, spine in six compartments with raised bands, ruled in gilt on either side of each band, lettered in the second compartment, the others with a repeat decoration in gilt.

A fine, unsophisticated copy of a beautifully illustrated work on the art of landscape gardening as practiced in England at the start of the 19th century.

In the preface to the present work, Morris acknowledges his inspiration to have been the works of Humphry Repton, Uvedale Price, William Gilpin and to a lesser extent William Shenstone, William Mason, Richard Payne Knight and Thomas Whately. Taking the "instructive hints" from these disparate sources, Morris here offers essays on eight aspects that need to be considered when laying out an English country garden and estate, together with six plates that further illustrate his points. As in the works of Repton, two of the plates contain overlays showing the landscape before and after Morris's improvements.

Morris, a plantsman and surveyor approaches his subject from a more detailed and practical point of view than his illustrious predecessors. For example, where Repton had suggested a hillside be moved and trees planted, Morris suggests a similar scheme but also lists the trees and shrubs which would be suitable. Given this attention to horticultural detail, it is unsurprising that Morris's other works included Flora Conspicua; a selection of the most ornamental flowering, hardy, exotic and indigenous trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, for embellishing flower- gardens and pleasure-grounds (London, 1826) and The Botanist's Manual. A catalogue of hardy, exotic, and indigenous plants, according to their respective months of flowering (London, 1824).

Abbey Life 40. (#24550) $ 7,500.

13] ROTHSCHILD, Lionel Walter, Baron Rothschild (1868-1937) - John Gerrard KEULEMANS (1842-1912, artist). An album of original watercolour drawings of Cassowaries, with related manuscript title "Kasuare / Walter Rothschild". "London: 1899". Oblong octavo (8 3/8 x 11 1/4 inches). Black ink calligraphic manuscript title, manuscript map in blue ink of New Guinea, northern extremities of Australia and the surrounding islands, hand-coloured with a related key beneath to show the distribution of the various species and sub-species, 7 plates of pen-and-ink and watercolour drawings of various species of cassowary (the first five plates each with three heads, the sixth plate with two heads and the final plate with a fine full-length study of an adult and a young bird). Loosely inserted is an early manuscript listing (in the same hand as the captioning of the plates and the index to the map) of various species of the birds, with common names and locations. Contemporary brown morocco-backed cloth- covered boards, dark red morocco box. Provenance: Otto Fockelmann (of Hamburg, near-contemporary signature in blue ink on title).

Pre-publication presentation manuscript with watercoulour drawings depicting the 17 species or sub-species of Cassowaries identified by Rothschild in his "Monograph of the genus Casuarius" published in 1900.

In December 1900, Walter Rothschild published his seminal work on the cassowary in the Transactions of the Zoological Society (vol.XV, pt.5, pp.109-290), which included exquisite plates by John Gerrard Keulemans. The manuscript title of the present album, however, is dated the year prior. The fine watercolours in the present album, each of which bears close comparison with the finished plates as included in Rothschild's "Monograph of the Genus Casuarius," are evidently the work of a fine bird artist, most likely John Gerrard Keulemans himself.

Keulemans worked from the live birds housed in Lord Rothschild's private menagerie at Tring and travelled to Germany to sketch the live specimens at the Zoological Gardens of Berlin. This latter fact, allied with Otto Fockelmann's name on the title may provide the most likely explanation for the existence of this unique pre- publication manuscript. Rothschild was scouring the world for any species or sub-species that had escaped his notice. The Fockelmanns were well-known dealers in rare birds, based in Hamburg, and they would have been contacted to ask if they could help, perhaps by Keulemans at Rothschild's request during one of his trips to Germany.

Before the publication of the monograph, the original watercolours were the most accurate method of recording the species that Rothschild had already identified, and the present images may, in part, have been produced to allow the Fockelmann's to eliminate them from Rothschild's "shopping list". The Fockelmanns were evidently much taken with the drawings, as it seems likely that they were responsible for its current final form: with a German title, a map with German place names, and a loosely inserted index (with Rothschild's name spelt incorrectly, and notes in German) with additional species which had been identified by Anton Reichenow added in 1913.

For the published work, see: Anker 547; Nissen IVB 796; Wood p.543. For Keulemans life and work, see T. Keulemans & Jan Coldewy,Feathers to Brush The Vistorian Bird Artist John Gerrard Keulemans (Epse, The Netherlands & Melbourne, Australia: 1982). (#21824) $ 35,000.

14] SCHLOSSER, Johann Albert (d.1769), and Pieter BODDAERT. [Sammelband of a series of five epistolary works concerning new discoveries from specimens in Schlosser's wunderkammer]. Amsterdam: sumtibus Auctoris, 1768-1772. 5 works in one volume, large quarto (11 1/4 x 9 1/8 inches). Each with titles and text in Dutch and Latin. Expertly bound to style in eighteenth century half russia over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, the flat spine divided into six compartments by decorative rolls, red morocco lettering-piece in the second compartment, the others with repeat decoration in gilt.

[Comprised of:] Johann Albert SCHLOSSER. Brief van ... Schlosser ... Behelzende eene naauwkeurige Beschrijving der Amboinsche Haagdis. Amsterdam: 1768. 1 folding hand-coloured engraved plate by S. Fooke after G. Dadekbeek. (Fore-margin of the first leaf strengthened, the plate misbound in the second work). BM(NH) Suppl. VIII, p.1153; Graesse I,p.459 (under Boddaert, noting all five titles); Nissen ZBI 3689. [Bound with:] Pieter BODDAERT. De Chaetodonte Argo. Amsterdam: 1770. 1 folding hand-coloured engraved plate. Nissen ZBI 433; De Testudine Cartilagianea. Amsterdam: 1770. 1 folding hand-coloured engraved plate. BM(NH) I,p.183; Nissen ZBI 434; De Rana Bicolore. Amsterdam: 1772. 3 folding hand-coloured engraved plates. Nissen ZBI 435; De Chaetodonte Dicantho. Amsterdam: 1772. 1 folding hand-coloured engraved plate. Nissen ZBI 436.

An interesting collection of five "letters" describing various specimens in Schlosser's museum.

The first work, in the form of a letter to Ferdinand Dejean, a Dutch East India company surgeon from Batavia who had sent an unusual lizard to Schlosser for his museum, includes a large striking coloured folding plate of the specimen, described by Schlosser as an Amboinese lizard of hitherto unknown species. The four continuations by Boddaert, written after Schlosser's death, include plates depicting fish (2), a turtle (1) and a frog (3). (#24069) $ 4,750.

15] SCHULTZ, Ernst Christoph (1740-1810). A sammelband of five mineralogical works. Hamburg: bei Johann Philipp Christian Reuss, [No date but 1779-1780]. 5 works in one volume, quarto (8 7/8 x 6 7/8 inches). 5 hand- coloured engraved frontispieces. Contemporary boards. Provenance: Melvin E. Jahn (pencilled note on ttitle).

First editions of a collection of five very rare monographs by Schultz, a German naturalist who also formed an important collection of minerals.

The individual titles are as follows: 1. Beschreibung eines besondern Welt-Auges, welches in dem Cabinette eines Natur-Freundes zu Hamburg befindlich. Hamburg: Johann Philipp Reuss, [1779/1780]. 27 pp. Hand-coloured engraved frontispiece. Schuh 4365 ("very rare"); Sinkankas, Gemology, 5891. 2. Bemerkungen uber einen monstreusen Canarien-Vogel. Hamburg: Reuss, [1780]. 18 pp. Hand-coloured engraved frontispiece of a yellow canary. Not in BM (NH) Suppl, Anker, Wood, Zimmer or any of the other usual ornithological references. Cobres I, p. 187; Engelmann, p. 397. 3. Characterisirung einer kleinen Art von Taschen-Krebsen, deren Ruckenschild ein naturliches Menschengesicht vorstellet. Hamburg: Reuss, [1780]. 20 pp. Engraved frontispiece printed in green and bistre showing two crabs. BM(NH) Suppl. p.1165. 4. Entdeckung einer dem Kreuz-Steine wesentlichen Entstehungs-Art der Kreuz-Figur. Hamburg: Reuss, [1780?]. 38 pp. Hand-coloured engraved frontispiece of a mineral specimen in a cabinet. Ward & Carozzi 1998. 5. Vom Regenbogen-Achat, den der Verfasser dieses Briefes zuerst an die Pariser Academie. Hamburg: Reuss, [1777]. 23 pp. Hand-colored engraved frontispiece of rare agates. Sinkankas, Gemology 5892 ("not seen").

The first work is a description of some hydrophane opals from the author's mineral cabinet; the second describes a "monstrous" yellow canary, with a handsome frontispiece; the third is a paper on crabs that appear to have human faces on their shells; the fourth item, with its interesting coloured frontispiece of a mineral specimen in its cabinet drawer, diagram hanging above it, discusses a staurolite (or fairy cross); the fifth is a rare paper on the characteristics of certain agates, which Schultz had read before the Academy in 1777. As noted, two of the works are cited by Sinkankas, although he was unable to examine copies personally. Also see Wilson, The History of Mineral Collecting, p 192, citing an 1818 edition of Schultz's collection catalogue. (#24070) $ 6,500.

16] SCLATER, Philip Lutley (1829-1913). Catalogue of a collection of American Birds belonging to Philip Lutley Sclater. London: N. Trubner & Co., 1862. Octavo (8 3/4 x 5 5/8 inches). Letterpress title with ornithological wood-engraved vignette by Pearson. 20 hand-coloured lithographed plates by and after John Jennens, printed by M. & N. Hanhart. Original red honeycomb-grained cloth, the covers panelled in blind, the spine blocked and lettered in gilt, yellow-glazed endpapers.

First edition and apparently very rare: "Only 100 copies of the perfect work have been prepared" (note by Trubner & Co. on the wrappers of "The Ibis" for July and October 1862), and Wood and Zimmer record that only 100 copies with plates were published.

This is Philip Sclater's catalogue of his personal collection, which was housed in ten small cabinets cross-referenced to the present work: "I began to form a collection of bird-skins after I commenced my residence in Oxford in 1848, being induced to do so by the advice of ... H.E. Strickland. ... My collection at present consists of about 4100 specimens, representing 2170 species of American birds of the Orders Passeres, Fissirostres and Scansores. Of these 386 are type-specimens, being those from which the original descriptions of the species have been taken. In conclusion, I may add that, in selecting specimens for this collection, one of my great objects has been to illustrate the geographical distribution of the species" (preface). It was this interest in the geographic distribution of birds that led to Sclater proposing zoogeographic regions that are still in use today. Subsequently, Sclater's collection of bird skins were transferred to the British Museum [now the Natural History Museum], beginning in 1886. At around the same time the museum was augmented by the collections of Gould, Salvin and Godman, Hume, and others to become the largest in the world.

Sclater was "the founder and editor of The Ibis, the journal of the British Ornithologists' Union, and secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1860 to 1903. His interest in natural history spread beyond the bounds of the bird family, but some of the birds named after Sclater include: dusky-billed parrotlet (now changed from Forpus sclateri to Forpus modestus); Sclater's monal (Lopophorus sclateri); erect-crested penguin (Eudyptes sclateri); Ecuadorian cacique (Cacicus sclateri); Mexican chickadee (Poecile sclateri) and the bay-vented Cotinga (Doliornis sclateri).

Anker 449; Fine Bird Books (1990) p.139 "only 100 copies issued"; Goode Published writings of Philip Lutley Sclater (1896) 8; Nissen IVB 837; Wood p. 557; Zimmer p. 559 (quoting Trubner). (#23150) $ 1,500.

17] WELSCH, Georg Hieronymus (1624-1676). Dissertatio Medico-Philosophica de Ægagropilis. Cui Secunda hac editione emendatori, auctarii vice altera accedit [Dissertatio Medico Philosophica. II. De Ægagropilis. Quae nunc primum priorii auctarii vice accedit]. Augsburg: Praetorii, 1668. 2 parts. Engraved title (to first part), letterpress title with engraved vignette (to the second part), 7 engraved plates. Cf. BM(NH) V, p.2201 (1660 edition). Provenance: Melvin E. Jahn (pencilled note at front).

[bound with:] Hecatosteæ. II. Observationum Physio-medicarum ad illustrem Societatem Naturae Curiosorum in Germania. Augsburg: impensis Theophili Goebelii, 1675. 2 parts. Engraved additional engraved title, 12 engraved plates by Melchior Haffner.

2 works, in four parts, in one volume, quarto (7 7/8 x 6 1/4 inches). Contemporary vellum, contemporary manuscript titling to spine.

The first title is the second edition (first published 1660); the second work is the first edition. In both, Welsch makes observations and offers ideas about the nature and meaning of the physical world, especially relating to figured stones and minerals. cf. BM (NH) V, 2201 (#24071) $ 2,000.

18] WILSON, Alexander (1766-1813). American Ornithology; or the Natural History of the Birds of the United States. Illustrated with plates engraved and coloured from original drawings taken from nature. New York & Philadelphia: Collins & Co. and Harrison Hall, 1828-1829. 4 volumes (Text: 3 vols., quarto [10 9/16 x 8 3/8 inches]; atlas of plates: 1 vol., folio [15 1/2 x 12 inches]). Text: Uncut, 4pp. subscribers' list at rear of vol.III. Atlas: letterpress title, otherwise engraved throughout. 76 hand-coloured engraved plates, heightened with gum arabic, by A. Lawson (52), J.G. Warnicke (21), G. Murray (2), and B. Tanner (1), all after Wilson. Text: expertly bound to style in half red straight-grained morocco over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, the flat spines with title lettered in gilt and a small decorative gilt oval containing the volume number; atlas: expertly bound to style in half red straight-grained morocco over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, the flat spines with title lettered in gilt and a small decorative gilt oval containing the word 'Plates'. Provenance: Philip Hone (1780- 1851, subscriber, clipped signature, bookplates).

An original subscriber's copy: the Philip Hone copy of the second full edition of Wilson's work, with the very rare, apparently unrecorded, large paper issue of the text (here entirely untrimmed). This is the most important work on American ornithology before Audubon.

None of the bibliographies that we have consulted mention a "large paper" edition of the 1828-29 American Ornithology, the text of this set is on demonstrably larger paper than the usual 'octavo' copies that we have examined.

The first edition of Wilson's life-work was published in nine volumes between 1808 and 1814. The present edition was prepared by Wilson's friend and colleague, George Ord, who improved the work textually by re-arranging the work in a systematic order by species and by contributing an important "Sketch of the Author's Life" (pp.vii-cxcix in the first text volume) as well as numerous additional textual notes. He also notes in his preface to the first text volume that he arranged for the plates to be "carefully examined and retouched" by Alexander Lawson (the original engraver of most of the plates). Reading between the lines of Ord's preface, it is clear that he believed the plates in the present edition to be better than the first, and this is the current general view: it is noted in Fine Bird Books that "the plates [are] coloured better," and Wood writes: "The hand-colored drawings in the atlas are from the original copper plates, colored anew by pigments which seem to have been better quality than those used by Wilson." In addition to the coloring, better quality paper was used in this edition, thus avoiding the foxing which almost inevitably mars the first. Thus, this edition is more desirable than the first.

Philip Hone, an original subscriber, is now best known for the detailed diary that he kept from 1828 onwards. He made his fortune through the auction business, and was elected Mayor of New York City in 1826, but served only one term. He became a man of great prominence in New York society, for his wealth, sophistication, extensive travel and good taste, and was good friends with most of the political, artistic and scientific leaders of his day.

BM (NH), p.2332; Fine Bird Books (1990) p. 155; Nissen IVB 992; cf. Sabin 104598; Wood p.630 (#22744) $ 32,500.

19] [WONNECKE von Kaub, (Johann)]. [Gart der Gesundheit]. Ulm: Conrad Dinckmut, 31 March, 1487. Folio, mostly signed in 8s (11 x 7 5/8 inches), 246 leaves only (of 248, the first leaf supplied in facsimile, lacking the final blank leaf), 2 columns, 40 lines, Gothic type, 3- or 4-line capital spaces. About 392 woodcut illustrations, all hand-coloured by a contemporary hand. (q1 with lower outer corner restored with some reinstatement of text, 3 leaves [q6, r7 and v4] with neatly repaired tears. 16th-century German alum-tawed pigskin over wooden boards, covers elaborately panelled in blind, including a roll incorporating portrait medallions of Luther, Erasmus, Melanchton and Huss, spine in five compartments with raised bands, metal clasps (small neat old repairs to corners). Provenance: Phillip Bausle, Burger of Lindau (ownership inscription at the end of 1564); G.H. Peuerbaund (extensive manuscript notes on the history of the text, with reference to Miltitz etc., dated 1873); Alfred Potocki (1817-1889, politician and Austrian minister of agriculture, printed label of Bibliotheca Julinska).

An excellent copy of this very rare early incunable edition of one of the earliest printed German natural history works: here with fine contemporary hand-colouring throughout.

The first edition of this work was printed by Peter Schoeffer in Mainz in 1485: Anderson writes that "'Der Gart' was, in every respect, a noble work that included all the medical knowledge of its time" (Herbals 96), and Hunt notes that it "has been called the most important work on natural history with illustrations ... textually, too, it was an original concept, giving a compendium of the whole pharmacy of that time in the vernacular. Since it is one of the most extensive of the early printed works in German, it thus becomes an important monument to the modern German language, a remarkable source for folklore and dialect studies" (p.8). Writing of the present 1487, Ulm edition, Hunt notes that "all Dinckmut's woodcut books are in demand and of great rarity" (pp.9-10).

The charming and effective hand-colouring in the present copy adds greatly to the impact of the woodcuts, and the missing full-page woodcut of three seated savants attended by nine standing men is here present as a fine facsimile. The work is so rare that some imperfections can be forgiven. ISTC lists 17 copies in Germany, but the majority are imperfect (some consisting of a few leaves only). There are no perfect copies in US: one is made up, one is but a single leaf, and the other two are imperfect. The British Library copy lacks two leaves and the Hunt copy eight: both lack the large woodcut frontispiece, also missing in the present copy. Few of the above have contemporary hand- colouring.

Anderson Herbals 96; Amelung, Frühdruck 1, Nr. 115; cf. Blunt & Raphael, p. 115; BMC II,535 (IB. 9359); BSB- Ink W-96; CIH 1746; Goff G-103; GW M09746; Choulant, Graph. Inc. 58, 8; Hain 8952; Hunt I, 6; Nissen BBI 2280; Schramm VI,178--573; Schreiber 4338; Sudhoff 71 (#24546) $ 85,000.

Americana

20] ADLUM, John (1759-1836). A Memoir on the Cultivation of the Vine in America, and the Best Mode of Making Wine. Washington, DC: William Greer, 1828. 12mo (7 x 4 1/4 inches). 179, [1] pp. Errata page on verso of the terminal leaf. Engraved folding frontispiece reproducing a letter from Thomas Jefferson to the author. (Light foxing). Contemporary black morocco-backed marbled paper covered boards, spine ruled and lettered in gilt.

The enlarged second edition of the first American book on wine making.

Adlum was a pioneering American agriculturalist, a promoter of American winemaking, and an early proponent of government-sponsored scientific and agricultural research in the Federal Period. After serving in the Revolutionary War and working on several early state surveys, he established a 200-acre farm and vineyard in Georgetown. There, he devoted most of his remaining years to the study and cultivation of American grapes and wine-making techniques. Adlum provided Thomas Jefferson with vine clippings and bottles of his wine.

The second edition of the first American book devoted to viticulture, after the first of 1823, contains significant additions and revisions. This second edition includes letters written to Adlum by Thomas Jefferson, and the identification for the first time of the Catawba (a native American grape) as Adlum's prize winemaking grape. Scarce and important, both in the history of viticulture and in the development of American natural history.

Rink 1499; American Imprints 31902; Longone & Longone, American Cookbooks, p.44 and N1 (#24050) $ 5,000.

21] [AMERICAN REVOLUTION, Broadside] - CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. In Congress, April 14, 1777. Resolved, that from and after the publication hereof, the second article of the 8th section, the first article of the 11th section, the 8th article of the 14th section, and the 2d article of the 18th section, of the Rules and articles for the better government of the troops ... passed in Congress, the 20th day of September, one thousand, seven hundred, and seventy-six, shall be and they are hereby repealed, and that the four following articles be substituted ... [Philadelphia]: John Dunlap, 1777. Broadside, folio (13 1/2 x 7 1/2 inches). Signed in print by Charles Thomson. (Trimmed but with ample margins, minor stains). Unbound, as issued.

Rare broadside printing by Dunlap of extracts from the minutes of the Continental Congress relating to the rules and articles for the better government of troops.

The articles substituted relate to the military being allowed to bring food on the posts; officers being allowed to seek recourse for unfair treatment; no General Courts Martial sentences being executed until a report of the case has been transmitted to Congress; and the Continental General having the power to appoint General Courts Martials. Below the four amended articles are two additional resolutions. The first, under the dateline May 27, resolves "that the General and Commander in Chief for the time being shall have full power of pardoning or mitigating any of the punishments ordered to be inflicted..." The second, under the dateline June 17, resolves "that a General Officer, commanding in a separate Department, be empowered to grant pardons to, or order execution of, persons condemned to suffer death by General Courts Martial, without being obliged to report the matter to Congress, or the Commander in Chief." The bottom of the broadside is an attestation for the above "Extracts from the Minutes" which is signed in print by Charles Thomson.

Bristol cites but three known copies (Huntington Library, Massachusetts Historical Society, American Antiquarian Society).

Bristol B4625; Shipton and Mooney 43396; Church 1144; Evans 15662 (variant, with only the April 14 resolutions and signed in print by Hancock). (#24669) $ 6,500.

22] [AMERICAN REVOLUTION, Broadside] - Massachusetts House of Representatives. State of Massachusetts- Bay. In the House of Representatives, June 23, 1780. Whereas the troops of the Southern States will now be needed for the defence of that quarter, and by reason of the late advantages obtained by the enemy, we are compelled to call for a further supply of men, to fill up our battalions, which General Washington has earnestly requested... [Boston: John Gill, 1780]. Broadside (15 1/4 x 9 1/2 inches). Signed in print by John Hancock and John Avery.

Rare broadside calling for enlistments of troops for the southern campaign.

Beginning in December 1779, the British began moving from the northeast and mid-Atlantic, beginning the southern theatre of the war which culminated at Yorktown. As the British troops moved south, and battles began in that region, including the fall of Charleston, South Carolina, George Washington called on the colonies for a renewed increase in troops.

This broadside, calling for additional troops from Massachusetts's counties, continues: "...Though we have much to fear from indecision, yet we have every thing to hope from exertion -- nothing less than, at one stroke, to put a period to the war; for we have the fullest assurances of such aid from our illustrious Ally, as was never before on these shores: The hourly expectation of their arrival, and the late success of the enemy at the Southward, will push them, with the greatest precipitancy, to attempt those advantages they may hope to gain from our present situation..." The Ally referred to, was, of course, the French fleet under Rochambeau, which arrived at Newport on July 11, 1780.

Evans 16859; Ford 2245. (#24672) $ 6,500.

23] BARCLAY, Robert (1648-1690). Theologiæ verè Christianæ Apologia. Amsterdam: Jacob Claus, 1676. Small quarto (7 3/4 x 6 1/8 inches). [4], [20], 374, [26] pp. Expertly bound to style in 17th-century calf, spine in six compartments with raised bands, spine ruled in gilt.

Very rare first edition of a Quaker masterwork: the definitive first published defence of the sect's theology and the primary explanation of their principles.

Publication of this work had an immediate affect on the development of Quakerism and the treatment of its followers. The Apology , writes Dean Inge, "became for a whole century a second Bible for the Society [of Friends]." Written when Barclay was still in his twenties during a period of voluntary exile from Great Britain, the work "is remarkable as the standard exposition of the principles of his sect, and is not only the first defence of those principles by a man of trained intelligence, but in many respects one of the most impressive theological writings of the [17th] century" (Sir Leslie Stephens). Following the publication in 1676 of the present first edition, Barclay would produce his own English translation. The work's importance may be judged from the fact it has been reprinted over 60 times and translated into numerous other languages.

Robert Barclay, a close friend and associate of William Penn, became proprietor of the American Quaker province of East Jersey in 1683. Although he was the provinces's nominal governor, he never set foot in the Americas. The publisher of this work, Jacob Claus, would go on to publish and distribute many of William Penn's promotional tracts.

Only one other copy of this very rare first edition is listed as having sold at auction in the last 30 years (Christie's New York, 10 December 1999).

Evans 10950; Smith I:182; Wing B736. (#21811) $ 8,250.

24] BARTRAM, William (1739-1823). Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek confederacy, and country of the Chactaws [sic.]. containing an account of the soil and natural productions of those regions; together with observations on the manners of the Indians. London: reprinted for J. Johnson, 1792. 8vo (9 x 5 3/4 inches). Uncut. Engraved frontispiece portrait of Mico Chlucco, engraved folding map, 7 engraved natural history plates (one folding). Contemporary paper-backed blue sugar paper-covered boards (spine label renewed to style).

The first English edition of Bartram's classic account of southern natural history, exploration and Indian tribes: uncut and in boards.

For the period, Bartram's work is unrivalled. In this first-hand account of his travels in the Southern States in the years 1773-1778, Bartram writes "with all the enthusiasm and interest with which the fervent old Spanish friars and missionaries narrated the wonders of the new found world...he neglected nothing which would add to the common stock of human knowledge" (Field). Sabin considered this work to be "unequalled for the vivid picturesqueness of its descriptions of nature, scenery, and productions." The map illustrates the east coast of Florida from the St. Johns River to Cape Canaveral. This edition is preceded only by the Philadelphia edition of 1791.

Clark I:197; Coats The Plant Hunters pp.273-76; Field 94; Howes b223, "b"; Sabin 3870; Stafleu & Cowan 329.1a; Vail 849. (#24709) $ 7,500.

25] BIBLE IN MOHAWK. [Bound volume containing 17 books of the New Testament printed in Mohawk. New York: The Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1835-1836]. Together, 17 works in one. 12mo (6 7/8 x 4 inches). (Scattered toning and foxing). Contemporary red calf, expertly rebacked to style, flat spine divided into compartments with gilt double rule, lettered in the second. Provenance: J. A. Thomas (contemporary signature on first leaf); E. H. Hawley (19th century gift inscription to); Western Reserve Historical Society (blindstamps and ink withdrawn stamp, other library markings).

A remarkable sammelband of separately printed books of the New Testament in Mohawk.

Comprised of: Ne orighwadogenhty ne jinityawea-onh ne royatadofengty nd John [Gospel of St. John]. New York: Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1836. Text entirely in Mohawk. 5-91pp, without title as issued. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1785.

[Bound with:] Ne ne jinihodiyeren nr rodiyatadogenhti [The Acts of the Apostles]. New York: Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1835. Translated by H. A. Hill with correction by William Hess and John A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles in Mohawk and English, else entirely in Mohawk. [1], [1]-121pp. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1791.

[Bound with:] Ne ne shagohyatonni Paul ne royatadogenhti jinonkadih ne romans [Epistle of Paul the Apostle, to the Romans]. New York: Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1835. Translated by H. A. Hill with correction by William Hess and John A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles in Mohawk and English, else entirely in Mohawk. [1], [1]-56pp. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1792.

[Bound with:] Ne yehohyaton ne royatadogenhti Paul jinonka ne Philippians [Epistle of Paul the Apostle, to the Philippians]. New York: Howe & Bates for the Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1836. Translated by William Hess with corrections by J. A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles in Mohawk and English, else entirely in Mohawk. [1]- 17pp. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1764.

[Bound with:] Ne yehohyaton ne royatadogenhti Paul jinonka ne Colossians [Epistle of Paul the Apostle, to the Colossians]. New York: Howe & Bates for the Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1836. Translated by William Hess with corrections by J. A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles in Mohawk and English, else entirely in Mohawk. [1]- 16pp. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1765.

[Bound with:] Ne tyotyerenhton ne royatadogenhti Paul yehohyaton jinonka ne Thessalonians [Epistle of Paul the Apostle, to the Thessalonians]. New York: Howe & Bates for the Young Men's Bible Society of New- York, 1836. Translated by William Hess with corrections by J. A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles in Mohawk and English, else entirely in Mohawk. [1]-22pp. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1766.

[Bound with:] Ne ne tyotyerenhton ne royatadogenhti Paul yehohyatonni ne Timothy [Epistle of Paul the Apostle, to Timothy]. New York: Howe & Bates for the Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1836. Translated by William Hess with corrections by J. A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles in Mohawk and English, else entirely in Mohawk. [1]-31pp. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1767.

[Bound with:] Ne yehohyaton ne royatadogenhti Paul jinonka ne Titus [Epistle of Paul the Apostle, to Titus]. New York: Howe & Bates for the Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1836. Translated by William Hess with corrections by J. A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles in Mohawk and English, else entirely in Mohawk. [1]-11pp. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1768.

[Bound with:] Ne yehohyaton ne royatadogenhti Paul jinonka ne Philemon [Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Philemon]. New York: Howe & Bates for the Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1836. Translated by William Hess with corrections by J. A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles in Mohawk and English, else entirely in Mohawk. [1]-7pp. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1769.

[Bound with:] Ne ne shagohyatonni Paul ne royatadogenhti jinonkadih ne Galatians [Epistle of Paul the Apostle, to the Galatians]. New York: The Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1835. Translated by H. A. Hill, with corrections by William Hess and J. A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles and text in Mohawk and English throughout. [1]- 17 pp (double numbers). Pilling, Proof Sheets 1793.

[Bound with:] Ne ne shagohyatonni Paul ne royatadogenhti jinonkadih ne Ephesians [Epistle of Paul the Apostle, to the Ephesians]. New York: The Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1835. Translated by H. A. Hill, with corrections by William Hess and J. A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles and text in Mohawk and English throughout. [1]- 18 pp (double numbers); lacks final English leaf (i.e. Ephesians 6:23-24). Pilling, Proof Sheets 1794.

[Bound with:] Ne yehohyaton ne royatadogenhti aul jinonka ne Hebrews [Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews]. New York: Howe & Bates for the Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1836. Translated by William Hess with corrections by J. A. Wilkes, Jr. Titles in Mohawk and English, else entirely in Mohawk. [1]- 44pp. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1770.

[Bound with:] Ne yehhonwaghyadonnyh ne James [The Epistles]. [New York: The Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1835]. 4 parts. Text in Mohawk throughout. 4 parts each with caption title, continuously paginated 5- 57pp, without general title as issued. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1786.

[Bound with:] Ne ne tekaghyadonghserakehhadont ne Janyh [Second Epistle of John]. [New York: The Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1835]. Text in Mohawk throughout. 5-6pp, without title as issued. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1787.

[Bound with:] Ne aghsenhhadont nikaghyadonghserakeh ne Janyh [Third Epistle of John]. [New York: The Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, circa 1835]. Text in Mohawk throughout. 5-6pp, without title as issued. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1788.

[Bound with:] Ne rayadakwe-niyu Yehhonwaghyyadonnyh ne Jude [General Epistle of Jude]. [New York: The Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1835]. Text in Mohawk throughout. 5-8pp, without title as issued. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1789.

[Bound with:] Ne ne Revelation Konwayats [Revelation of John]. [New York: The Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, 1835]. Text in Mohawk throughout. 5-64pp, without title as issued. Pilling, Proof Sheets 1790.

Pilling, Proof Sheets [numbers as above]; Wright, Early Bibles, pp. 285-286. (#23773) $ 4,500.

26] [CIRCUS BROADSIDE] - DAY & FOLLETT (printers). A Lama, From Peru ...The African Ape, The Long Tail'd Mamozete, Brown Sajoe, From Barbary, &c ... Buffalo, New York: Printed at the Journal-Office ... by Day & Follett, [1826]. Broadside (15 1/2 x 21 1/4 inches), composed of the headline printed in decorative display capitals "A Lama, From Peru."; four wood-engraved vignette images of animals including a monkey astride a llama (this image signed in the plate "Gilbert"); 4 lines of explanatory letterpress text about the llama (see below); six wood-engraved vignette images of monkeys and a marmoset; two line sub-title as above; two lines of letterpress text announcing where the collection may be seen, when and the cost ("The above Collection may be seen at ..... from '10' o'clock in the morning, until '5' in the afternoon. Good music during the exhibition. Price of admission, 25 cents. Children under 12 years of age, half price." with some details not filled in); one line letterpress imprint. With one line contemporary manuscript inscription giving the place and date of the show: "At E. & J. Carpenters ... on Monday 2nd. October".

A rare early American, illustrated circus broadside.

Following in the well-established circus/side-show tradition, the claims for the llama are a little exaggerated: "This is the most curious and singular animal ever exhibited in America. Here appears to be a similarity of every species of animal united in one. The agility of these animals is so wonderful, that their speed is accurately estimated at the rate of 75 miles an hour. Their downy coat or covering, was the ancient Kings and Queens preferred [sic.] for their nuptial [sic] beds; but above all, the scent or breath has been highly recommended by European Physicians, as a complete cure for the Hooping Cough."

This apparently unrecorded broadside can be dated to 1826. The printers were only in partnership between 1821 and 1827 (in 1827 they took on a third partner, Haskins, and changed the firm's name). Within that date range, and based on the manuscript inscription, the year of the broadside must be 1826, as only in that year was the 2nd of October on a Monday. (#23964) $ 11,000.

27] [CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION] - CENTINEL [pseudonym of Samuel BRYAN]; and TIMOLEON (pseudonym). Centinel, to the People of Pennsylvania. [New York: ca. October 1787]. 2pp., folio broadsheet (21 1/2 x 16 inches). Text in three columns, comprised of Centinel Numbers 1 and 2 (each signed in print with Bryan's pseudonym "Centinel"), with the addition on the final page of a letter "To the Printer" signed in print by "Timoleon" and dated "New-York, October 24, 1787." (Small losses in lower left affecting some text recto and verso).

A major Anti-Federalist broadside response to the proposed Constitution.

On September 17, 1787, after nearly five months of debate and deliberation, the Constitutional Convention proposed a plan for a new federal government to the states for ratification. Among the earliest to publicly criticize the new constitution was Pennsylvanian Samuel Bryan, the son of Pennsylvania supreme court judge George Bryan. On October 5, Bryan, under the pseudonym Centinel, published in Philadelphia newspapers, the first of what would eventually be eighteen influential anti-federalist essays.

The present broadside, published in New York, reprints the first two Centinel essays. In Centinel I, Bryan begins by praising the Pennsylvania constitution, but warns that he must comment on the proposed federal plan of government before the freedom of the press is revoked. Bryan, however, starts his argument not with a critique of the Constitution, but of the underlying principles and suppositions of John Adams's A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America. Bryan asserts that a government composed of opposing interests yielding equally balanced power between three bodies of government, as advocated by Adams, has never existed in the history of man and cannot possible exist in America and that "the only operative and efficient check, upon the conduct of administration, is the sense of the people at large." Bryan continues by advocating Pennsylvania's unicameral legislature which is held in check by short terms of office. Next, Centinel turns to the proposed plan of the federal government, focusing on the federal government's overly broad rights of internal taxation and the unbalanced power of the federal judiciary over the courts of the individual states. Bryan next gives a general outline of the entire plan of the federal government and suggests that the House of Representatives is too small, the terms of office in the Senate too long, among other complaints. He concludes, "From this investigation into the organization of this government, it appears that it is devoid of all responsibility or accountability to the great body of the people, and that so far from being a regular balanced government, it would be in practice a permanent aristocracy."

In his second essay, Bryan begins his opposition to the new federal government on its lack of a Bill of Rights, calling its omission "an insult on the understanding of the people. Much of the remaining parts of this essay focus on James Wilson's comments in support of the proposed Constitution. Bryan concludes that "it is evident, that the general government would necessarily annihilate the particular governments, and that the security of the personal rights of the people by the state constitutions is superseded and destroyed; hence results the necessity of such security being provided for by a bill of rights to be inserted in the new plan of federal government. What excuse can we then make for the omission of this grand palladium, this barrier between liberty and oppression. For universal experience demonstrates the necessity of the most express declarations and restrictions, to protect the rights and liberties of mankind, from the silent, powerful and ever active conspiracy of those who govern."

Following the printing of Centinel I and II, this broadside includes a letter "To the Printer" signed with the pseudonym "Timoleon" and dated October 24, 1787. In it, the author recounts a meeting in New York of a group of sensible men without ambitions under the new government, recounting the arguments of a judge and an older gentleman of the club. The former fears that the new congressional power to levy internal taxes for the "general welfare" of the United States "necessarily includes the right of judging what is for the general welfare" and that the in the absence of a Bill of Rights, that speech contrary to the government could be suppressed in the name of "general welfare." The latter quotes Blackstone at length and espouses his fears that the new constitution will trample the right of trial by jury.

In direct response to these and other anti-federalist arguments, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay began writing the Federalist Papers. In Federalist 1, published October 27 -- three days after the date of this broadside --, Hamilton writes that the series would "endeavor to give a satisfactory answer to all the objections which shall have made their appearance, that may seem to have any claim to your attention."

The only other extant copy of this broadside is located at the New York Historical Society. Broadside printings of any of the anti-federalist papers are of the utmost rarity and seldom appear on the market.

Bristol B6461; Shipton & Mooney 45045. On the attribution of Centinel to Samuel Bryan, see Konkle, George Bryan and the Constitution of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: 1922) pp. 308-319. (#24668) $ 20,000.

28] DANA, Charles Anderson (1819-1897, editor). The United States Illustrated; in views of city and country. With descriptive and historical articles... New York: Herrmann J. Meyer, [1855]. 2 volumes, quarto (11 5/8 x 9 inches). Steel-engraved additional titles, 80 steel-engraved plates. (Occasional spotting to plates). Contemporary red half calf over morocco-grained red cloth-covered boards, spines in six compartments with raised bands, black morocco lettering-piece in the second compartment, lettered direct in gilt in the fourth, the others with elaborate repeat decoration in gilt, marbled endpapers, marbled edges.

A fine set of this important American steel-engraved view book.

The original intention had been to issue this work in many volumes divided geographically into east and west with subscribers given the option to select only one region. The additional titles ("East vol.I" and "West vol.I") bear testimony to the intention; but only the present two volumes were ever published.

The work as a whole was edited by Dana but the individual articles were written by series of writers: Parke Godwin, H. Greeley, E.C. Sprague, W.H. Fry Edmund Flagg, J.M. Peck, Dana himself and a number of others. The plates are the work's chief attraction, and are very fine examples of their type, equal to the work that was being produced in Europe at the time. The East volume includes views of Niagara, Washington, West Point, Mount Vernon, New York, and Harper's Ferry; the West is represented by scenes in Minnesota, along the Mississippi, in Missouri, St. Louis, on the Plains, California (including San Francisco, Sacramento, California gold diggings), New Orleans, Fort Snelling, Nauvoo, New Harmony, St. Louis, Kansas, Jefferson City, Independence, Mandan Village, and others. Although Howes calls for seventy-seven plates, this copy contains the full complement of eighty.

Flake 2657; Howes D45 "aa"; Sabin 18396. (#22756) $ 4,500.

29] GASS, Patrick (1771-1870). A Journal of the Voyages and Travels of a Corps of Discovery under the command of Capt. Lewis and Capt. Clarke of the army of the United States from the mouth of the river Missouri through the interior parts of North America to the Pacific ocean, during the years 1804, 1805 & 1806. Pittsburgh: Printed by Zadok Cramer, for David M'Keehan, Publisher and Proprietor, 1807. 12mo (6 5/8 x 4 inches). (Neatly repaired tear to upper margin of title, paper-fault tear to outer blank margin of 'A2', 1 1/2 inch repaired tear to H1). Expertly bound to style in half calf over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, spine in six compartments with raised bands, the bands highlighted with gilt roll tool and flanked by double gilt fillets, red morocco label in the second compartment, the others with repeat decoration in gilt.

Rare first edition of the earliest published first-hand account of the Lewis and Clark expedition: - "...One of the essential books for an Americana collection" (Streeter)

Gass was a sergeant who, by order of Lewis and at the insistence of Thomas Jefferson, kept a journal of the expedition's activities, and this book seems closely based on that document. 'Patrick Gass was a rough reliable frontier soldier when he joined the Lewis and Clark expedition. He was made a sergeant when Sergeant Floyd died. He writes a terse soldier's narrative, exasperating in its brevity, but always with rugged honesty. His story was for many years the only true account of the expedition - the first real information the nation had of the Oregon country and of the Louisiana Purchase. It is a work of primary importance' (Webster A. Jones).

Graff 1516; Hill (2004) 685; Howes G77 'b'; Literature of the Lewis & Clark Expedition 3.1; Sabin 26741; Shaw & Shoemaker 12646; Smith 3465; Streeter Sale 3120; Wagner-Camp 6:1 (#20824) $ 15,000.

30] [HAMILTON, Alexander (1739-1802), James MADISON (1751-1836) and John JAY (1745-1829)]. The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, written in favour of the new Constitution, as agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787. New York: Printed and sold by John and Andrew M'Lean, 1788. 2 volumes, 12mo (6 1/8 x 3 3/4 inches). vi, 227; vi, 384pp. Expertly bound to style in contemporary tree calf, the covers with a neo-classical Greek-key roll-tool border, the flat spine tooled in gilt, divided into six compartments with a Greek- key roll, lettered in the second compartment, numbered in the fourth, the others with an elegant repeat pattern in gilt.

Rare first edition of the most important work of American political thought ever written and according to Thomas Jefferson "the best commentary on the principles of government."

The first edition of The Federalist comprises the first collected printing of the 85 seminal essays written in defense of the newly-drafted Constitution. The essays were first issued individually by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay in New York newspapers under the pseudonym 'Publius' to garner support for the ratification of the Constitution. This first collected edition was published in early 1788: volume I published in March, contains the first 36 numbers, volume II published in May, includes the remaining 49, together with the text of the Constitution. Upon its publication, George Washington noted to Alexander Hamilton that the work "will merit the Notice of Posterity; because in it are candidly and ably discussed the principles of freedom and the topics of government, which will always be interesting to mankind" (George Washington, letter to Hamilton, 28 August 1788).

The genesis of this "classic exposition of the principles of republican government" (R.B. Bernstein, Are We to be a Nation? The Making of the Constitution, 1987, p.242) is to be found in the "great national discussion" which took place about the ratification of the Constitution, and the necessity of answering the salvos in print from the Anti- Federalists and other opponents of a strong Federal government. The original plan was that James Madison and John Jay were to help Hamilton write a series of essays explaining the merits of their system, whilst also rebutting the arguments of its detractors. "Hamilton wrote the first piece in October 1787 on a sloop returning from Albany...He finished many pieces while the printer waited in a hall for the completed copy" (R. Brookhiser Alexander Hamilton: American, 1999, pp.68-69). In the end, well over half of the 85 essays were written by Hamilton alone. Despite the intense time pressures under which the series was written "what began as a propaganda tract, aimed only at winning the election for delegates to New York's state ratifying convention, evolved into the classic commentary upon the American Federal system" (F. McDonald Alexander Hamilton: A Biography, p.107).

The Federalist is without question the most important commentary on the Constitution, the most significant American contribution to political theory and among the most important of all American books.

Church 1230; Cohen 2818; Evans 21127; Ford 17; Grolier American 100, 19; Howes H114, "c"; Printing and the Mind of Man 234; Sabin 23979; Streeter Sale 1049. (#23372) $ 225,000.

31] HAMILTON, Alexander (1739-1802), James MADISON (1751-1836) and John JAY (1745-1829). The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, written in favour of the new Constitution, as agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787. New York: Printed and sold by George F. Hopkins, 1802. 2 volumes, 8vo (8 3/8 x 5 1/8 inches). viii,317,[1]pp., with two pages numbered 167 and two pages numbered 168 (as noted on the errata on verso of the vol I terminal text leaf), and with page numbering 263-270 repeated; v,[3],351pp., with publisher's ad leaf bound following the table of contents and a printing of the Constitution and Bill of Rights on pp. 335-351. Contemporary tree calf, flat spine ruled in gilt, original red morocco lettering pieces (expert restoration at heads and tails of spines, minor losses to leather at the corners).

The rare second edition of the most important work of American political thought ever written and according to Thomas Jefferson "the best commentary on the principles of government" - the first edition to identify Hamilton, Jay and Madison as the authors.

The Federalist comprises the collected printing of the eighty-five seminal essays written in defense of the newly- drafted Constitution. The essays were first issued individually by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay in New York newspapers under the pseudonym Publius to garner support for the ratification of the Constitution. This first collected edition was published in early 1788: volume I published in March, contains the first 36 numbers, volume II published in May, includes the remaining 49, together with the text of the Constitution. Upon its publication, George Washington noted to Alexander Hamilton that the work "will merit the Notice of Posterity; because in it are candidly and ably discussed the principles of freedom and the topics of government, which will always be interesting to mankind" (George Washington, letter to Hamilton, 28 August 1788).

The genesis of this "classic exposition of the principles of republican government" (R.B. Bernstein, Are We to be a Nation? The Making of the Constitution, 1987, p.242) is to be found in the "great national discussion" which took place about the ratification of the Constitution, and the necessity of answering the salvos in print from the Anti- Federalists and other opponents of a strong Federal government. The original plan was for James Madison and John Jay to help Hamilton write a series of essays explaining the merits of their system, whilst also rebutting the arguments of its detractors. "Hamilton wrote the first piece in October 1787 on a sloop returning from Albany...he finished many pieces while the printer waited in a hall for the completed copy" (R. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton: American, 1999, pp.68-69). In the end, well over half of the 85 essays were written by Hamilton. Despite the intense time pressures under which the series was written "what began as a propaganda tract, aimed only at winning the election for delegates to New York's state ratifying convention, evolved into the classic commentary upon the American Federal system" (F. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton: A Biography, p.107).

Styled the "revised and corrected" edition on the title, with additions to the first edition of 1788, Ford attributes editorship of this second edition to John Wells, though Sabin attributes it to William Coleman, noting it as "the last issued during Hamilton's life." The second edition is notable for the addition of the federal constitution and the first eleven amendments, and a series of articles written by Hamilton under the pseudonym "Pacificus," defending Washington's "Neutrality Proclamation" of 1793 regarding the Anglo-French war. It is arguably the most complete edition, and the only other English language edition issued in Hamilton's lifetime. Significantly, it identifies Hamilton, Jay, and Madison as the authors, but does not specify who wrote which essays; "it was at first intended to mark the numbers distinctly which were written by each; but considerations have since occurred which would perhaps render this measure improper." Clearly issued by Hamilton partisans, the preface implies that virtually all of it was Hamilton's work, and the republication of the Pacificus essays (written in opposition to Madison) confirms the Hamiltonian slant.

The Federalist is without question the most important commentary on the Constitution, the most significant American contribution to political theory and among the most important of all American books.

Ford 21; Howes H114, "aa." Cohen 2818; Sabin 23981; DAB VIII, pp.188-89 (for James Hamilton); Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton (New York, 2004), p.203 and passim. (#24627) $ 18,500.

32] HARRISON, William Henry (1773-1841). Inaugural Address of President Harrison. National Intelligencer .... Extra. Thursday, March 4, 1841. [Washington: March 4, 1841]. Folio broadside (24 x 19 1/2 inches). Text in 5 columns, divided by single rules.

Very rare first printing of Harrison's inaugural address: the longest in United States history and what many believed caused his death after only thirty-two days in office, the shortest tenure of any American President.

On a cold and wet March 4, 1841, newly-elected President William Henry Harrison famously delivered this address without coat or hat. The longest inaugural address in United States history, his anti-Jackson/Van Buren, pro-Whig agenda took over two hours to deliver. In the days following the address and the inaugural balls, Harrison caught a cold. The cold lingered, and pneumonia and pleurisy set in. Harrison would die on April 4, 1841, on his thirty- second day in office -- the shortest tenure of any American President -- becoming the first President to die in office.

We could locate but five surviving examples of this broadsheet extra, with none in the Library of Congress. (#24667) $ 12,500.

33] JAMES, Edwin (1797-1861). Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819, 1820 ... under the command of Maj. S.H. Long, of the U.S. Top. Engineers. Compiled from the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the party, by Edwin Thomas, botanist and geologist to the expedition. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1823. 3 volumes, octavo (8 7/8 x 5 5/8 inches). Half-title to vol.II. 1 folding engraved map, 1 folding engraved plate with geological profiles, 8 other plates (comprised of 1 unsigned hand-coloured engraved plate, 7 aquatint plates by I. Clark after S. Seymour [2 of these hand-coloured]). (Small sections lacking from the outer corners of D5 & 6 in vol.III without touching text). Original paper-covered boards, early manuscript labels to backstrips (some soiling and scuffing to backstrips), individual golden brown watered-silk chemises, all contained within a single dark brown morocco box, lined with watered silk, the upper covers with onlaid panels of watered silk, the spine decorated in gilt and with red morocco lettering-pieces.

A fine unsophisticated copy in original boards of the first London edition of this cornerstone of Western Americana

Originally named the "Yellowstone Expedition," the U.S. government expedition under Major Stephen Long was the most ambitious exploration of the trans-Mississippi West following those of Lewis and Clark and Zebulon Pike. The expedition travelled up the Missouri and then followed the River Platte to its source in the Rocky Mountains before moving south to Upper Arkansas. From there the plan was to find the source of the Red River, but when this was missed the Canadian River was explored instead.

Edwin James was the botanist, geologist, and surgeon for the expedition and "based his compilation upon his own records, the brief geological notes of Major Long, and the early journals of Thomas Say [who served as the expedition's zoologist]" (Wagner-Camp). Significantly, Long's expedition was the first official US expedition to be accompanied by artists (namely Titian Peale and Samuel Seymour), and the illustrations are an important early visual record of the region. Cartographically, Long provided the first details of the Central Plains. Upon returning to Washington from the expedition, Long drafted a large manuscript map of the West (now in the National Archives) and the printed map in James's Account closely follows his original. The myth of the Great American Desert was founded by Long: a myth which endured for decades. Long's map, along with that of Lewis and Clark, "were the progenitors of an entire class of maps of the American Transmississippi West" (Wheat).

The American first edition was published in three volumes in Philadelphia in 1822-1823; this London edition followed. The London edition differs in some respects from the American: a few additional paragraphs of text were added, the plates were re-engraved and the two maps found in the American edition were here combined into one.

James's Account deservedly ranks alongside the narratives of Lewis and Clark and Pike as the most important early exploratory narratives of the American west.

Abbey Travel II.650; Howes J41; Sabin 35683; Wagner-Camp 25:2. (#23931) $ 6,000.

34] KENNETT, White (1660-1728, Bishop of Peterborough). Bibliothecae Americanae Primordia. An Attempt Towards laying the Foundation of an American Library, in several books, papers, and writings, humbly given to the Society for Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts ... By a Member of the said Society. Index by the Rev. Robert Watts. London: printed for J. Churchill, 1713. Quarto signed in 2s (8 1/4 x 6 1/4 inches). (Lacking the front blank and blank A1 [i.e. blank leaf between the Dedication and the start of the bibliography], Kk1 and Kk2 cut down without affecting the text area but likely supplied from another copy at an early date, light dampstaining). 19th-century red half morocco over marbled paper-covered boards, the border between the leather and marbled paper ruled in gilt on the covers, spine in six compartments with raised bands, lettered in the second, the others with repeat decoration in gilt centering on a flower-spray tool, marbled endpapers.

Rare copy of "the earliest exclusively American catalogue" (Church): one of only 250 copies printed.

"White Kennett, Bishop of Peterborough, gave his extensive collection of Americana to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts in 1712, with the intention that the gift should be accompanied by a printed catalogue of the collection. This wish was thwarted for a while by the decision to have Robert Watts compile what became an extensive and essential index of 223pp. Kennett had in the meantime continued his collecting at a pace which necessitated the inclusion of 55-page appendix and the catalogue was finally published in 1713. The result is the best catalogue of books relating to America extant, [arranged in chronological order],the titles being copied at full length with the greatest exactness, together with the name of the printer, and the number of pages in each volume...It is rich in English tracts relating to New England" (Rich).

Pinelo's Epitome de la biblioteca oriental i occidental (1629) includes a listing of books of Indian and Asian as well as American interest, but Kennett's is the first printed catalogue devoted exclusively to books relating to America. An account of the library is given in the Massachusetts Historical Society, Proceedings, vol. 20 (1883). Despite Kennett's stated wish that the books were intended for the "perpetual use" of the members of the Society a number were later given to the British Museum, and some "had been lost or mislaid" by the time Sotheby's prepared the auction catalogue for the sale of the Society's library in 1917.

Church 856; European Americana 713/104; Grolier/Breslauer & Folter 93; JCB II, 178; Sabin 37447; Streeter Sale 4363 (#23759) $ 7,500.

35] LEWIS, Meriwether (1774-1809) and William CLARK (1770-1838). Travels to the Source of the Missouri River and across the American Continent to the Pacific Ocean. Performed by order of the government of the United States, in the years 1804, 1805, and 1806. By Captains Lewis and Clarke. Published from the Official Report. London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1817. 3 volumes, octavo (8 1/4 x 5 1/4 inches). 1 folding engraved map by Neele, 5 engraved plans. Expertly bound to style in half morocco over contemporary marbled paper covered boards, spines gilt.

Third London edition of the "definitive account of the most important exploration of the North American continent" (Wagner-Camp).

The book describes the U.S. government-backed expedition to explore the newly-acquired Louisiana Purchase undertaken from 1804 to 1806 by ascending the Missouri to its source, crossing the Rocky Mountains, and reaching the Pacific Ocean. In total, the expedition covered some eight thousand miles in just over twenty-eight months. They brought back the first reliable information about much of the area they traversed, made contact with the Indian inhabitants as a prelude to the expansion of the fur trade, and advanced by a quantum leap the geographical knowledge of the continent. Because of the death of Lewis, the publication of the official account was delayed until 1814, when the Philadelphia edition appeared. The 1814 British quarto edition quickly sold out, necessitating a three-volume 1815 octavo edition to satisfy public demand; the present edition followed. The large folding map of the West (by Neele after the original Philadelphia edition map) recalls an extraordinary feat of cartography, accurately revealing much of the trans-Mississippi for the first time. It is on a slightly larger scale than the original, Wheat notes that the map is almost identical to the Philadelphia edition "except for a few minor variations."

Howes L-317. cf. Sabin 40830; Wagner-Camp 13:4; cf. Wheat Transmississippi 317. (#24086) $ 13,000.

36] MATHER, Cotton (1663-1728). Magnalia Christi Americana: or, the Ecclesiastical History of New- England, from its first planting in the year 1620. unto the year of our lord, 1698. In seven books.... . London: printed for Thomas Parkhurst, 1702. Folio (12 1/4 x 7 7/8 inches). Double-page engraved map of New England and New York. Without errata leaves as usual. (Expert restoration to title and map). Expertly bound to style in 18th- century calf, spine gilt in six compartments with raised bands, brown morocco lettering-piece in the second compartment, the others with overall repeat decoration in gilt, marbled endpapers. Provenance: William Clarke (signature on title); Elijah Liber (signature on title).

A first edition of the greatest history of New England: a landmark in colonial New England history,

The first edition of what Howes calls the "most famous 18th century American book" and one which Streeter describes as "the most famous American book of colonial times." Mather's opus is rightly considered an indispensable source for the history of New England in the 17th century, both for its biographies and its history of civil, religious, and military affairs. The seven books include 1) the history and settlement of New England; 2) the lives of its governors and magistrates; 3) biographies of "Sixty Famous Divines"; 4) a history and roll of Harvard College; 5) a history of the Congregational Church in New England; 6) a record of the remarkable providences revealing God's direct influence in particular events in the colonies; and 7) the "War of the Lord" dealing with the devil, the Separatists, Familists, Antinomians, Quakers, clerical imposters and the Indians. Much of the book's value rests in its incomparable wealth of detail regarding daily life in early colonial New England. David Hall has referred to it as "a mirror of the 1690's," the decade in which most of it was written. Far from being a dull chronicle of events, the Magnalia is full of lively biographical pieces, vivid descriptions of the times, and many surprising sidelights. It has been mined by all modern scholars of social history for its unsurpassed view of New England at the end of the 17th century.

The map, known as the "Mather map" is actually titled An Exact Mapp of New England and New York. The first eighteenth-century general map of New England, it depicts an area from Casco Bay, west to the Hudson then south to Manhattan and north west past Long Island to Martha's Vineyard and Cape Cod, before heading north again past Boston to Casco Bay. The information concerning the early roads is particularly valuable, and the early versions of the spelling of the towns and rivers cast a fascinating light on the early topographic nomenclature of colonial America.

Church 806; Grolier American 6; Howes M-391; Sabin 46392; Streeter Sale I:658. (#18623) $ 12,000.

37] MCKENNEY, Thomas Loraine (1785-1859) and James HALL (1793-1868). History of the Indian Tribes of North America, with Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs. Embellished with One Hundred and Twenty Portraits, from the Indian Gallery in the Department of War, at Washington. Philadelphia: T.K. & P.G. Collins for D. Rice & A. N. Hart, 1855. 3 volumes, octavo (10 1/2 x 7 1/4 inches). 120 coloured lithographic plates (3 tinted frontispieces finished by hand, 117 hand-coloured plates), by J.T. Bowen of Philadelphia, most after Charles Bird King. Publisher's red morocco gilt extra, covers elaborately blocked with a panelled design including arabesque cornerpieces of stylized foliage, spines in six compartments with raised bands, lettered in the second and fourth, the others with an overall design of small tools, gilt turn-ins, g.e. Provenance: J. W. Singleton (contemporary signature on endpapers).

The third octavo edition of McKenney and Hall's classic work, after the first octavo edition of 1848-50, reduced from the folio format produced in 1836-44. The plates for the first four octavo editions were all produced by the same lithographer, J.T. Bowen, and the same high quality of printing and colouring of the plates is found throughout.

McKenney and Hall's Indian Tribes of North America has long been renowned for its faithful portraits of Native Americans. The portrait plates are based on paintings by the artist Charles Bird King, who was employed by the War Department to paint the Indian delegates visiting Washington D.C., forming the basis of the War Department's Indian Gallery. Most of King's original paintings were subsequently destroyed in a fire at the Smithsonian, and their appearance in McKenney and Hall's magnificent work is thus our only record of the likenesses of many of the most prominent Indian leaders of the nineteenth century. Numbered among King's sitters were Sequoyah, Red Jacket, Major Ridge, Cornplanter, and Osceola.

After six years as Superintendent of Indian Trade, Thomas McKenney had become concerned for the survival of the Western tribes. He had observed unscrupulous individuals taking advantage of the Native Americans for profit, and his vocal warnings about their future prompted his appointment by President Monroe to the Office of Indian Affairs. As first director, McKenney was to improve the administration of Indian programs in various government offices. His first trip was during the summer of 1826 to the Lake Superior area for a treaty with the Chippewa, opening mineral rights on their land. In 1827, he journeyed west again for a treaty with the Chippewa, Menominee and Winebago in the present state of Michigan. His journeys provided an unparalleled opportunity to become acquainted with Native American tribes.

When President Jackson dismissed him from his government post in 1830, McKenney was able to turn more of his attention to his publishing project. Within a few years, he was joined by James Hall, a lawyer who had written extensively about the west. Both authors, not unlike George Catlin, whom they tried to enlist in their publishing enterprise, saw their book as a way of preserving an accurate visual record of a rapidly disappearing culture.

Howes M129; McGrath p.206; cf. Miles & Reese America Pictured to the Life 53 (first octavo edition); Sabin: 43411 (1854-56 edition with 221 plates); Servies 4028. (#22365) $ 27,500.

38] PANAMA, Watermelon War. - Amos B. CORWINE, and others. The Panama Massacre. A Collection of the principal evidence and other documents, including the report of Amos B. Corwine, Esq., U.S. Commissioner, the official statement of the governor and the depositions taken before the authorities, relative to the massacre of American citizens at the Panama Railroad Station, on the 15th of April, 1856. Panama, New Granada: Printed for Private Circulation ... Printed at the Office of the Star and Herald, 1857. Quarto (11 1/4 x 7 1/2 inches). Extra-illustrated with a loosely-inserted 4pp. related autograph letter from Corwine. Original yellow thin paper wrappers, the upper cover with a faint but legible impression taken from the same setting of type used to print the title page, modern brown morocco-backed cloth box. Provenance: Butler (early signature on upper wrapper).

A very rare pamphlet printed in Panama, the official American report on the 1856 Watermelon Massacre.

Amos B. Corwine was appointed "United States Special Commissioner relative to the Massacre of American Citizens at the Panama Railroad Station" in the immediate aftermath of what was known as the Watermelon War, a riot in Panama City on April 15, 1857, in which 17 people died. The incident was sparked by a drunken American, named Jack Oliver, who refused to pay a Panamanian vendor for a slice of watermelon; the vendor pulled a knife, Oliver pulled a gun, a struggle involving a bystander ensued and violence against the Americans in port escalated. The official tally at the time reported 15 American dead, and 16 wounded. There were 2 Panamanians dead and 13 wounded. Underlying this incident were class and racial tensions between local citizens and Americans, with roots to the latter displacing the local population from employment in the building of a transcontinental railroad.

This very rare, privately-printed pamphlet starts with a 21pp. publication of Corwine's official report dated July 18, 1856. Corwine's first four conclusions all relate directly to the events of the day, but with fifth he goes a stage further, declaring that the "Government of New Granada [i.e Panama] is unable to enforce order and afford adequate protection to the transit ... I feel it a duty incumbent on me to recommend the immediate occupation of the Isthmus, from Ocean to Ocean, by the United States, unless New Granada ... can satisfy us as to her ability and inclination to afford proper protection and make speedy and ample atonement." This is followed by 49pp. of "Documents relative to the events", i.e. reprints of the various sworn depositions taken from witnesses and participants from both sides of the conflict.

This copy is extra-illustrated with a fine autograph letter signed by the author, from Panama while investigating the incident. The interesting, and lengthy letter, addressed to "My Dear Capt.[ain]," is dated June 27, 1857, before the publication of his official report. In the letter, Corwine acknowledges the receipt of the Captain's letter, commenting that he hoped that ex-commercial agent for the United States in Samoa, Aaron Van Camp would not be able to find any other appointments; sympathizing with ex-U.S. Consul in Samoa James S. Jenkins who had recently been arrested on the steps of the State Department in Washington on charges of piracy (filed by Van Camp and connected to Jenkins' actions when in Apia in Samoa). The main body of the letter contains the author's speculations that William Ruschenberger was the author of a letter that had recently been published in the National Intelligencer, a letter which "to a certain extent took the native side of the controversy respecting" the Panama Massacre. Corwine concludes by asking the help of the correspondent over a share deal that Corwine had entered into with Commodore William Mervine.

The pamphlet is quite rare. No copies are cited in OCLC and no other copies appear in the auction records for the last thirty-five years.

Sabin 16986 and 58408; Eberstadt 165:658. (#23974) $ 5,750.

39] [REDE, Leman Thomas (1754/55 - 1810)]. Bibliotheca Americana; or, a chronological catalogue of the most curious and interesting books, pamphlets, state papers, &c. upon the subject of North and South America, from the earliest period to the present, in print and manuscript ... with an introductory discourse on the present state of literature in those countries. London: printed for J. Debrett, J. Sewell, R. Baldwin & J. Bew and E. Harlowe, 1789. Quarto (10 x 8 inches). (Expert repairs to title page, some spotting). Expertly bound to style in half calf over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, spine gilt in compartments, red morocco lettering piece. Provenance: New Jersey College Library (early ink stamp to upper margin of title).

First edition of this important work on early printed and manuscript Americana, with a valuable introductory essay

This anonymous work has in the past been ascribed variously to "[Alexander] Dalrymple, Homer, Long, and Reid" (Church), but is now known to have been written by the miscellaneous writer Leman Thomas Rede, a student of the Middle Temple (cf. Stuart C. Sherman The William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jul., 1947), pp. 332-349). According to the title Rede compiled the work from the holdings of the British Museum "and the most celebrated public and private libraries, reviews, catalogues, &c.". It is of particular value as it includes manuscript material in addition to printed works, and also for the 17pp. "Introductory Discourse on the State of Literature in North and South America," which includes musings on the benefits of freedom of the press to the development of "Genius," as well as interesting details of bookselling in the United States. The demand was for small format works on practical matters; imported books were generally cheaper than home-produced editions (even with the hefty premiums that booksellers were able to place on the imports) because of the cost of materials and printers' wages.

Church 1235; Sabin 5198. (#20268) $ 2,750.

40] STOCKBRIDGE, Virgil D. Digest of Patents relating to breech-loading and magazine small arms, (except revolvers,) granted in the United States from 1836 to 1873, inclusive. Classified and arranged according to the movement of the principal parts for opening and closing the breech. Washington: 1875. Quarto (11 5/8 x 9 inches). 1p. small format errata tipped onto rear pastedown. 780 patent-drawings photolithographed (up to ten to a page) on 84 full-page illustrations by N. Peters of Washington. Bound to style in half calf over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, spine with raised bands in six compartments, ruled in gilt on each band, lettered direct in the second and fourth compartments. Provenance: Allen P. Westcott (Chicago, firearms consultant in legal cases, ink stamp).

An important and rare work on American breech loading and small arms, published in a relatively small edition.

No copies of this work are listed as having sold at auction, but it was important and rare enough to warrant a facsimile reprint in 1963. On the dust-jacket of that edition it was noted that the "Digest is the only existing compilation of U.S. Patents of breech-loading and repeating small arms ... As a means for identifying trial or experimental pieces (usually unmarked on the guns themselves) this reference work is without parallel."

The Preface describes the work as follows: "This digest has been prepared from the official records of the United States Patent Office, and with a view to present the subject in a brief yet comprehensive manner, for the information of inventors, manufacturers, attorneys and others interested in the art. It has been the purpose of the compilor to group all patents relating to breech-loading and magazine fire-arms granted in the United States ... in such a manner that they may be readily referred to, and the numerous and important improvements made in both sporting and military arms, traced. All inventions ... have been classified and arranged according to well-defined characteristics or systems, depending upon the movement of the principal parts for opening and closing the breech. The index of names is an alphabetical-chronological list of inventors, and is the key, in connection with the number or date, by which information ... may be obtained from the Patent Office." (#23683) $ 2,500.

41] TOCQUEVILLE, Alexis de (1805-1859). De la Démocratie en Amérique. Paris: Charles Gosselin, 1835- 1840. 4 volumes, octavo (7 7/8 x 5 inches). Half-titles. 1 folding hand-coloured lithographic map. Bound to style in green calf-backed marble paper-covered boards, the flat spines divided into five compartments by gilt fillets, black morocco lettering-pieces in the second and fourth compartments, marbled endpapers.

The first editions of both parts of Tocqueville's famous classic Democracy in America.

From the time of its first publication, Democracy in America enjoyed the reputation of being the most acute and perceptive discussion of the political and social life of the United States ever published. The first part was published in an edition of less than 500 copies in January 1835. The book was an instant and sustained success and numerous editions, many with revisions, followed quickly, so that the second part, first published in April 1840, was issued concurrently with the eighth edition of the first part.

The origins of the book lie in the observations Alexis de Tocqueville made during a nine month tour of the United States starting in the spring of 1831. He was accompanied by his friend and fellow student, Gustave de Beaumont, and their original goal was to study the penitentiary system of the United States. After visiting prisons in the East, they undertook a tour of the South as far as New Orleans, ascended the Mississippi, visited the Great Lakes and Canada, and returned via New York. After writing their report on prisons, Tocqueville worked on the first part of Democracy in America in 1833-1834, publishing it in Paris in 1835 to great acclaim. The 1840 second part was equally as successful and the book remained in print throughout the 19th century: there were probably more than fifty editions in English and French published before 1900, besides numerous translations.

Considering the many editions of the first part prior to the publication of the second part, along with the limited print run of the first edition of the first part, sets containing the first editions of both parts, as here, are particularly rare and desirable.

Clark III:111; Howes T-278 & T-279; Sabin 96060 & 96061; Library of Congress, A Passion for Liberty, Alexis de Tocqueville on Democracy & Revolution (Washington, 1989); Nolla De la Démocratie en Amérique (Paris: 1990) II, pp.334-335. (#24232) $ 50,000.

42] TOCQUEVILLE, Alexis de (1805-1859). De la Démocratie en Amérique. Paris: Charles Gosselin, 1840. 4 volumes in two, octavo (8 1/4 x 5 1/8 inches). Final blank at the end of part I, vol.I. 1 folding hand-coloured lithographic map bound at the end of the first volume. (Lacking half titles. and final blank to vol.III, the folding map backed onto silk at an early date). Contemporary light brown calf by Robert Seton of Edinburgh, the covers with border made up from fillets in gilt and blind, the spines in six compartments with raised bands, light brown morocco lettering-pieces in the second compartment, dark brown morocco in the third, the first compartment with Northern Light Board gilt stamp, the others uniformly panelled in gilt, marbled endpapers. Provenance: Northern Lighthouse Board (Scotland, binding).

A fine set containing the final revised text for both parts of Tocqueville's famous classic: the very rare eighth edition of the first part and the third edition of the second.

From the time of its first publication, Democracy in America enjoyed the reputation of being the most acute and perceptive discussion of the political and social life of the United States ever published. This set contains the first publication of Tocqueville's text in its final revised form, since he revised each successive edition of part I from the first through the eighth, and did the same with the first three editions of part II. Beginning with the ninth edition of 1842, the work was issued as a complete uniform edition, and there were no further revisions.

The origins of the book lie in the observations Alexis de Tocqueville made during a nine month tour of the United States starting in the spring of 1831. He was accompanied by his friend and fellow student, Gustave de Beaumont, and their original goal was to study the penitentiary system of the United States. After visiting prisons in the East, they undertook a tour of the South as far as New Orleans, ascended the Mississippi, visited the Great Lakes and Canada, and returned via New York. After writing their report on prisons, Tocqueville worked on the first part of Democracy in America in 1833-1834, publishing it in Paris in 1835 to great acclaim. The 1840 second part was equally as successful, the book remained in print throughout the 19th century: there were probably more than fifty editions in English and French published before 1900, besides numerous other translations.

Remarkably, it has sustained its appeal generation after generation, as new readers find it speaks to their time with a contemporary voice. Whether perceived as a textbook of American political institutions, an investigation of society and culture, a probing of the psyche of the United States, or a study of the actions of modern democratic society, the book has continued to offer insight and provoke thought since its inception. It has also probably provided commentators and politicians with more quotations than any other work.

Clark III:111; cf. Howes T-278 & T-279; cf. Sabin 96060 & 96061; Library of Congress, A Passion for Liberty, Alexis de Tocqueville on Democracy & Revolution (Washington, 1989); Nolla De la Démocratie en Amérique (Paris: 1990) II, pp.334-335. (#24422) $ 7,500. Travels & Voyages

43] [BRITISH SHIP LOG, India and China] - James L. TEMPLER. A Journal of the Proceedings on Board the H.C. Ship Castle Huntly. 9th Voyage. from the Port of London to Madras, Penang and China. Commanded By Henry A. Drummond. [manuscript title]. At sea: 19 January 1830 -2 June 1831. Folio. 425pp., course tables partly-printed. 39 pen-and-ink illustrations (6 full-page, 4 watercolours). Original reverse calf board, rebacked and retipped to style, endpapers renewed.

Manuscript ship's log of a voyage to the East, with numerous interesting maritime drawings.

A lengthy ship's log, detailing the voyage of a British trading vessel from London to China and back again, January 1830 to June 1831, kept by the ship's Fifth Officer, James Templer. Includes an alphabetical list of the ship's company, numbering 142 men, often with their rank and country of origin, as well as a list of passengers - including thirteen women, one of whom gives birth four months into the voyage. The log book is partially printed, with every other page left blank for additional notes. The log records all the standard daily nautical details - wind speed and direction, daily activities aboard the ship, other ships sighted - as well as the number of people on board who are ill. The beginning of the lot also includes a smattering of verse and prose quotations, mostly comical in nature.

Templer has scattered his log with finely detailed drawings, some fanciful, others illustrating the ship and various locales along the route; the first of these is a full-page view of the Castle Huntly done in pen and wash. This elegant drawing is followed by a series of cartoons, interspersed through the next few pages of the log, of a merman sailing in a nautilus shell, which is underscored with the Latin motto, "Palmam qui meruit ferat" / "He who wins may laugh." The cartoons seem to parallel the journey of the Castle Huntley, with the merman's mishaps and adventures mirroring events recorded in the log, and are, perhaps, light-heartedly autobiographical.

Additionally, there are four watercolours, the first two illustrating the Straits of Sunda, between Java and Sumatra (each approximately 4 x 9 inches). The third shows a strange shellfish which was caught on the surface of the water ten days out from St. Helena; Templer includes a very detailed description of the creature, which resembled a small turtle but measured only "about 3/4 of an inch in length... Many of the same species were observed on the surface of the water, at the time." The final watercolor depicts an exotic fish, but is accompanied by no explanation.

The various places visited by the Castle Huntly are usually described with excerpts from Horsburgh's Directory, the standard work for navigation in India and the Orient in the first half of the 19th century; the excerpts include position of the location (latitude & longitude), anchorage and navigational tips, and sometimes a brief description of some of the land's features. Templer has illustrated some of these excerpts, as well, to give a visual of the area described.

Among the places and routes excerpted are the islands in the Mozambique Channel between continental Africa and Madagascar, the Maldive Islands, Madras in India - including treatises on navigating in the monsoons -, various points in Malaysia, the route from Malacca to Singapore, the currents in the China Sea, Tanjong Brekat, and St. Helena, complete with a drawing of Napoleon's tomb.

Drawings which accompany these excerpts include four views of the islands in the Mozambique Channel; a full- page view of the Castle Huntly at anchor at Madras, with the buildings of the city in the background and two turbaned men poling a small, flat boat in the foreground; a small view of the northern entrance of Penang, in Malaysia; a full-page view entitled "The Town and Fort of Malacca from the Roads; Mount Ophir in the Distance," which shows the Castle Huntley and several other ships off the coast of Malaysia, and a second full-page view of the mountains along the coast, done in pencil sketch. There are several drawings of China, including a small view of Lintin, China, as seen from off the coast, and a full-page drawing of the Castle Huntley anchored off the coast of China at Whampoa Beach; another full page of drawings shows a Chinese Sampan boat and a pagoda. While in China, the ship takes on a cargo of several thousand chests of teas, which Templer has enumerated under an elaborately flourished manuscript header that reads, "Stowage of Tea on board H.C. Ship Castle Huntly." Bound at the end of the preceding log, and with its own manuscript title, is the log of the Castle Huntly's previous voyage to China, dated February 1828 to June 1829. Though this earlier log is un-illustrated, it includes an account of a near-mutiny on board the ship, as well as several incidents following the almost-mutiny which result in seamen being clapped in irons. Captain Thomas Dunkin, the commander of this voyage, was either a weak commander or had a very rowdy group of sailors with which to contend.

Templer writes: "At 2h.30m. pm Mr. Wise 2nd Mate, being the officer of the watch at the time, hearing a disturbance on the gun deck, went below to ascertain the cause & found Roderick McLeod, Quarter Master, James Muir, Boatswain's mate, & Peter McSheen, seaman, with several others fighting. Mr. Kennedy, assisted by the other officers, separated the men & Mr. Wise sent for Muir, CLeod, & McSheen on the quarter deck, reprimanded Muir & MacLeod & sent them below again. On McSheen's appearance on the quarter deck & Capt. Dunkin perceiving he was drunk, ordered him to be put in irons after going to the Poop. He (McSheen) ran out to the end of the driver boom & began [fooling with the rigging] of the driver. Capt. Dunkin repeatedly ordered him to come in but for some time he refused to do so. On securing him he was very abusive to Mr. Wise & Mr. Howard who assisted Captn Dunkin in putting him in irons; he also endeavored to bite Mr. Howard. About 4 pm another row took place & McLeod was fighting again. Mr Kennedy came below & ordered McLeod on deck, who swore that no ---- living should put him in irons or take him on deck. He was immeadiately [sic] seized by Messrs. Kennedy, Wise & Howard, assisted by Mr. Phillips the Boats[wai]n & Mr. Thornton, gunner, & whilst conveying up the main hatchway he seized Mr. Kennedy by the hair & said 'Kennedy, you soldier old ---- I will heave you overboard & some more of you before long.' He was carried on the poop and put in irons where he was insolent & abusive to every officer who assisted in securing, calling them by name & saying if he were once loose he would clear away most of them.

"To this time, 4 pm, the disturbance was confined to the men who were fighting, but on McLeod's being ordered aft there was a general disaffection throughout the ship's company, who came aft in great numbers on the quarter deck & said there should be no irons or flogging in the ship at this moment. Jas. Muir, boatswain's mate came aft & in a most mutinous manner refused to do his duty. Capt. Dunkin desired him to call the watch out; he refused & was ordered into confinement. About thirty of the men who came aft with Muir, intending to rescuse the prisoners on the poop, now dragged Muir from custody of Captn & officers. Captn. Dunkin, seeing the ship in a confirmed state of mutiny, ordered the hands to be called out & the men to come aft on the quarter deck; they did so with the exception of Muir [and six others], who with several others refused to come up from below when ordered by Mr. Will & Mr. Dalrymple. They at length came on deck, & joined by several others, separated themselves from the rest of the ship's company & declared if one was flogged all should be. ... Capt. Dunkin ordered a court of inquiry to be held on Muir for mutiny & disobedience of orders; this was done & he was found guilty & sentenced to receive 4 dozen lashes. Captn. Dunkin ordered him to strip but he refused saying 'You shall have my life first & if there is a man amongst you, you would not see me tied up.' Capt. Dunkin, Mr. Kennedy [and two others] seized Muir & endeavoured to strip him but could not effect it without cutting off his jacket & shirt. This being done he was tied up & the punishment inflicted. During the struggle to strip him the remainder of the officers & passengers kept the mutineers at bay with arms, who cheered & endeavored to make a rush to rescue him. Mr. Kennedy saw John Jones arming himself with an iron belaying pin, which Major Frazer perceiving, he called to the passengers to assist the ship's officers. Thomas Barry, seaman, bared his breast & dared Capt. Dunkin to run him through...." After Muir is punished, several others are also found guilty of mutiny and sentenced to be flogged. Later on in the voyage, several others are also put into irons for mutinous or disobedient behavior.

An exceptional ship's log of a voyage to the East Indies, complete with illustrations and a good old-fashioned mutiny. (#24431) $ 22,500.

44] COOK, Capt. James (1728-1779) and Captain James KING. A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, for making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere. Performed under the Direction of Captains Cook, Clerke, and Gore, in His Majesty's Ships the Resolution and Discovery; in the Years 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780. London: H. Hughs for G. Nicol and T. Cadell, 1785. 4 volumes (Text: 3 vols., quarto [11 3/8 x 9 1/4 inches]; Atlas vol. of plates: 1 vol., large folio [22 x 16 inches]). Text: Engraved medallion vignette on each title, 1 folding letterpress table, 24 engraved maps, coastal profiles and charts (13 folding). Atlas vol.: 63 engraved plates, plans and maps (one double-page, one folding). Text: contemporary calf, expertly rebacked at an early date, incorporating the original labels; atlas: expertly bound to style in half speckled calf over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, spine in eight compartments with raised bands, each band flanked by triple gilt fillets, red morocco lettering- piece in the second compartment, green morocco in the fourth, the others with simple repeat decoration in gilt.

A fine copy of the second and best edition of the official account of Cook's third and last voyage, including images of and text on the exploration of Hawaii and the west coast of America, Canada and Alaska.

"The famous accounts of Captain Cook's three voyages form the basis for any collection of Pacific books. In three great voyages Cook did more to clarify the geographical knowledge of the southern hemisphere than all his predecessors had done together. He was really the first scientific navigator and his voyages made great contributions to many fields of knowledge" (Hill). The typography of the second edition text of the third voyage is generally considered superior to the first (Hughs took over the printing from Strahan and re-set all the text). Contemporary support for this view is reported by Forbes who quotes an inscription in a set presented by Mrs. Cook to her doctor, Dr. Elliotson, which notes "...the second edition being much superior to the first both in paper & letterpress."

"Cook's third voyage was organized to seek the Northwest Passage and to return [the islander] Omai to Tahiti. Officers of the crew included William Bligh, James Burney, James Colnett, and George Vancouver. John Webber was appointed artist to the expedition. After calling at Kerguelen Island, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Cook, Tonga, and Society Islands, the expedition sailed north and discovered Christmas Island and the Hawaiian Islands, which Cook named the Sandwich Islands. Cook charted the American west coast from Northern California through the Bering Strait as far north as latitude 70 degrees 44 minutes before he was stopped by pack ice. He returned to Hawaii for the winter and was killed in an unhappy skirmish with the natives over a boat. Charles Clarke took command and after he died six months later, the ships returned to England under John Gore. Despite hostilities with the United States and France, the scientific nature of this expedition caused the various governments to exempt these vessels from capture. The voyage resulted in what Cook judged his most valuable discovery - the Hawaiian Islands" (Hill pp.61-62).

Cf. Beddie 1543; cf. Forbes Hawaiian National Bibliography 62; cf. Lada-Mocarski 37; cf.Printing and the Mind of Man 223; cf. Sabin 16250 (#19946) $ 27,500.

45] KAEMPFER, Engelbert (1651-1716). The History of Japan, giving an Account of the Ancient and Present State and Government of that Empire ... Together with a Description of the Kingdome of Siam ... translated from his original manuscript, never before printed, by J.G. Scheuchzer ... With the life of the author. London: printed for the Translator, 1727-1728. 2 volumes in one volume (including the Second Appendix dated 1728 in the rear of vol.II), folio (13 1/16 x 8 1/4 inches). 4pp. list of subscribers, 2 titles in red and black. 1 folding engraved additional title, 45 engraved plates (40 folding). Expertly bound to style in half russia over marbled paper covered boards, spine with raised bands in six compartments, red morocco lettering piece in the second, the others with a repeat decoration in gilt, gilt edges.

First edition of one of the most important early eyewitness accounts of Japan, the second and best issue with the extra second appendix.

The manuscript for the work was written by Kaempfer in his native German, but was first published, as here, in 1727-1728 in English using a translation obtained by Sir Hans Sloane after the author's death in 1716. Editions in French and Dutch swiftly followed in 1729; a German edition did not appear until 1777-1778. The wonderful engraved plates that illustrate the work include maps, coastal views, city plans, as well as images of temples, ceremonies, occupations, and plates relating to the Japanese language. The work is also noted for its plates and descriptions of the flora and fauna of the region; besides the original manuscript to this work, the author's many botanical specimens collected on his travels were obtained by Sloane.

Kaempfer, who served as a doctor to the Dutch East India Company, was a remarkable character. He gained the trust of the Japanese ruler following an extraordinary episode in the palace at Edo, when he danced, ate and sang whilst being watched by the Shogun from behind a screen. He was subsequently given permission to travel throughout Japan, a privilege that was unheard of at the time. This access, together with his powers of observation, are what gives the present work its great value: it is a first hand report and largely without the hear-say and sense of disapproval that tainted early Jesuit reports of the East.

Kaempfer "remained in Nagasaki from September 1690 to October 1692 and twice accompanied the chief of the factory at Deshima on his embassy to Edo (now Tokyo). In Nagasaki he made a profound study of Japanese history, geography, customs, and flora ... [The present work] contains an account of his journey, a history and description of Japan and its fauna, a description of Nagasaki and Deshima; a report on two embassies to Edo with a description of the cities that were visited along the way; and six [lengthy] appendices, on tea, Japanese paper, acupuncture, moxa, ambergis, and Japan's seclusion policy" (DSB vol.7, p.205).

BM(NH) II, p.953; Brunet III, 638; Cordier Japonica 413-414; Cox I:332; Garrison-Morton 6374.11; Nissen BBI 1019; Wellcome III, 376; Landwehr VOC 530 N (#24410) $ 20,000.

46] KOTZEBUE, Otto von (1787-1846). Voyage of Discovery in the South Sea, and to Behring's Straits, in search of a North-East passage; undertaken in the years 1815, 16, 17, and 18, in the Ship Rurick. London: printed for Richard Phillips and Co., 1821. 2 parts in one volume, octavo (8 x 5 1/8 inches). 19 plates and charts (4 folding engraved charts, 4 engraved plates, 11 aquatint plates [4 hand-coloured, 3 folding]). (The chart facing p.26 shaved into the plate area at the upper margin). Expertly bound to style in contemporary dark blue straight-grained morocco, covers bordered in gilt, spine gilt in compartments, lettered direct in the second, the others with a repeat decoration in gilt, marbled endpapers.

First abridged edition in English of this "celebrated narrative" (Forbes), the preferred second state with the plates adapted from Louis Choris's images, and with four hand-coloured.

The expedition rounded Cape Horn and visited Chile, Easter Island, the Marshall Islands, Hawaii and the North American coast, in an unsuccessful search for a northwest passage. Included is a detailed description of California (containing the first scientific account of the state flower, the golden poppy). The account of Albert von Chamisso, the expedition naturalist, includes important information about flora and fauna, as well as the Indians and work of the missionaries. This edition was published in two states: the first "contains a total of four folding maps and plans, five plates, and three portraits ... there are two plates of Hawaii ... and all the plates are uncolored. The second state ... has an increased number of plates ... and those relating to Hawaii are six in number. This later issue is preferable as it contains plates adapted from those in Choris, Voyage Pittoresque (Paris, 1822) ... that do not appear in any other edition of the Kotzbue narrative" (Forbes I, p.364).

Borba de Moraes p.439; Cowan p.335; Forbes I, 529; Hill (2004) 945; Howes K258; Kroepelien 671; cf. Lada- Mocarski 80; Sabin 38292; Zamorano 80 #48. (#23943) $ 3,000.

47] OGILBY, John (1600-1676). Africa: being an accurate description of the regions of Ægypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid ... collected and translated from the most authentick authors, and augmented with later observations. . London: Tho. Johnson for the author, 1670. Folio (15 3/4 x 10 3/8 inches). Title in red and black. Engraved frontispiece, 56 engraved maps and plates (comprised of 1 large folding general map of Africa, 55 engraved plates of views and maps [41 double page, 1 folding]), numerous in-text engravings, 9 leaves of letterpress tables. (Browning as usual). Contemporary panelled calf (neatly rebacked).

A fine wide-margined copy of the most authoritative 17th-century accounts on Africa published in English.

The author alludes to the genesis of this important and beautifully illustrated work in the preface, claiming to have made substantial progress in his own researches for the present work when "a Volumn [sic.] lately Publish'd ... in Low-Dutch, came to my hands, full of new discoveries ... set forth by Dr. O.[lfert] Dapper, a Discreet and Painful Author, whose large Addition, added to my own Endeavors [sic.], hath much Accelerated the Work". In fact almost all of the plates and text can be traced back to Dapper's Naukeurige beschrijvinge der Afrikaensche gewesten van Egypten, first published by the engraver Jacob Van Meurs in Amsterdam in 1668. It is now Dapper's best known work. Although he was not a traveller, Olfert Dapper (1635-1690) spent three years compiling information for the book, using the most reliable published works from a number of fields (geography, economics, politics, medicine, social life and customs) as well as many unpublished travellers' accounts. The wide range of sources he consulted allowed him to cross-check and eliminate some of the wilder tales, and to produce a narrative that was generally much more reliable than earlier accounts and which remains a key text from the era.

Ogilby's work is the most authentic and comprehensive work on Africa in English published in the seventeenth century and is of particular interest for the accounts of the natives in southern Africa. Though separately issued, the work was intended as the first volume in a planned "English Atlas" series, and is sometimes found with an additional half-title with the series title, or with the spine numbered as volume one. Besides the above explanation on the sources used, Ogilby's preface, dated April 28, 1670, is of note as it contains the only autobiographical details on the great historian.

Lowndes III, p.1719; Wing O-163; Mendelssohn (1979) 3, p.571; Tooley, Africa, p.87. (#24409) $ 12,000.

48] PURCHAS, Samuel (1575?-1626). Purchas His Pilgrimes ... [with] Purchas His Pilgimage ... the fourth edition. London: printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, 1625 - 1626. Together 5 volumes, folio (13 x 8 3/8 inches). Vol.I with blank R4. Engraved additional title to vol.I, 88 engraved maps (6 double-page and 1 folding, 81 half-page and within the text), 7 other engraved illustrations, numerous wood-cut illustrations. (Vol.III lacking front blank). Early 20th-century green morocco gilt by W. Pratt, covers with large central gilt arabesque, spines in six compartments with raised bands, lettered in gilt in the second and third compartments, marbled endpapers, g.e.

A fine set of a foundation work for any collection of travels and voyages: the first edition of "Purchas his Pilgrimes" with the second state of engraved title dated 1625, and Smith's map of Virginia in Verner's 8th state: together with the fourth edition of the "Pilgrimage" (issued here as a supplement) The whole forming an important set of narratives of travels and exploration from the earliest times up until the early 17th century.

The second great collection of English voyages, expanding upon and greatly adding to the work of Hakluyt, whose manuscripts Purchas took over after Hakluyt's death. Purchas collects over twelve hundred separate narratives of explorations in every part of the world. Many of the accounts relate to the New World, especially Virginia, and one of the engraved maps is Smith's famous "Map of Virginia"

Besides the Smith Virginia map, Purchas also includes two other maps of the greatest importance for North American cartography. The first of these is the "Briggs" map of North America, generally considered the first map to show California as an island. The Briggs map is also the first to note New Mexico by that name, and the first to name the Hudson River and Hudson Bay. The other notable American map is William Alexander's depiction of the Northeast, showing the coast from Massachusetts north to Newfoundland. As Burden notes, this is the first map to record many place names and is a "map of great importance."

Purchas began work on his massive collection in 1611, and published various editions of a short collection, with the similar title of "Purchas His Pilgrimage," over the next ten years. That publication, however, was merely a precursor to the present work, an entirely different book and arguably the greatest collection of travels and voyages ever published. The first two volumes are mainly devoted to travels in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The third volume largely treats northern explorations and America. The fourth volume is almost entirely devoted to America. The fifth volume, Pilgrimage, is a supplement to all of the preceding parts, and properly completes a set of Purchas' Pilgrimes.

Arents 158; Baer Maryland 8; Borba de Moraes II, pp.692-693; Burden 164, 208, 214; Church 401A; European Americana 625/173 & 626/100; Hill (2004) 1403; Huth sale 6057; JCB (3)II:196-197; Sabin 66686 and cf. 66682; Streit I:423; STC 20509 & 20508; Streeter sale 36. (#20425) $ 200,000.

49] ROBERTS, Lewes (1596-1640). The Marchants Mapp of Commerce. Necesarie for all such as shal be imployed in the publique afaires of Princes in foraine partes. For all gentlmen & others that travell abroade for delight & plesure. And for all marchants or their factors that Exercise the Arte off Marchandiseinge in any Parte of ye habitable World. London: printed for Ralphe Mabb, 1638. Folio (10 7/8 x 7 1/8 inches). Engraved title after Corn. van Dalen, engraved portrait frontispiece of the author by G. Glover, 1 double-hemisphere engraved map of the world by Robert Vaughan, 4 full-page engraved maps of the Continents by Henricus Hondius. Contemporary dark brown morocco, covers panelled with double fillets, with stylised foliage volutes and flower- head corner-pieces and a central lozenge composed from the same tools, the spine tooled with twenty pairs of equally-spaced gilt fillets tooled horizontally, gilt edges, spine rebacked with original spine laid down, ties lacking. Provenance: Frank S. Streeter (bookplate).

A cornerstone of any collection of works on economics and business, including a number of important maps: a fine copy of the first edition of "the earliest systematic work on trade and commerce published in the English language" (Sabin).

Roberts work is truly global in scope, addressing issues of trade to all parts of the known world, including the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa. He offers a great deal of practical advice on engaging in commerce abroad, discussing specific goods, fees, customs, payment systems, weights and measures, account-keeping, and much more. The section on trade in the Americas deals primarily with Mexico and Peru, but also discusses Virginia and Florida, as well as fishing in Newfoundland and trade with the Caribbean. The final 190 pages concern exchange rates between cities and countries, which would have been particularly valuable information to 17th-century traders. The work also contains an extensive index, as well as a table giving the longitude and latitude of all the principal cities mentioned in the text. Lewes Roberts worked in commerce and trade for most of his life, first as a factor and later a director of the East India Company, where he began working in 1617, and also as an employee of the Levant Company in Constantinople. The work is dedicated by Robert to the governors of both those companies.

The other significant feature of Roberts' book is the maps, in particular the early issue of the Robert Vaughan's world map. This had been published first in 1628 in the first edition of The World Encompassed, an account of Sir Francis Drake's voyages. The map includes a small portrait of Drake, as well as portraits of Magellan, Cavendish, and Noort. There are also individual maps of the Americas (based on the 1607 Hondius map), of Africa, Asia, and Europe.

Arents (additions) 292; Burden America I, 153; DNB XVI, p.1274; European Americana 638/102; Kress 535; Sabin 71906; Shirley The Mapping of the World 326 (world map); STC 21094; Wagner Northwest Coast 304. (#19446) $ 55,000.

Illustrated

50] ACKERMANN, Rudolph (1764-1834). A History of the University of Oxford, its colleges, halls, and public buildings. London: L.Harrison and J.C.Leigh for R.Ackermann, 1814 [watermarked 1812-1814]. 2 volumes, large quarto (13 3/8 x 11 inches). Half-titles. 6pp. subscribers' list. Engraved portrait of Lord Grenville by Henry Meyer after William Owen, 114 hand-coloured plates (comprising 64 aquatint views [two with overslips] by J.Bluck, J.C. Stadler, D.Havell, F.C.Lewis, J.Hill and others after A.Pugin, F.Mackenzie, W.Westall, F.Nash and others, 17 line and stipple engraved plates of the costume of the members of the university by J.Agar after T.Uwins, 33 line, stipple and occasionally aquatint portraits of the founders). (Lacking the 6pp. subscribers' list from vol.I i.e. pp.[ix]-xiv). Later green morocco gilt by Morell, covers with elaborate border composed from gilt and blind fillets, a decorative floral roll and cornerpieces with a stylized floral spray on a sémé of small gilt dots, expertly rebacked to style, the spines in seven compartments with raised bands, lettered in the second and fourth compartments, the others with repeat decoration in gilt composed from various small tools, gilt turn-ins, yellow-stained edges. Provenance: Lionel Phillips (armorial bookplates, dated 1905).

An excellent copy, with pre-publication watermarks and clean bright early impressions of the plates. One of the great aquatint viewbooks, this work is a prerequisite for any serious collection of English topographical colour- plate books.

Abbey records different states for eight of the plates. In the present copy Abbey's plates 39, 50 and 78 are in their first state, the remainder are all in their second states. The views, mostly after Pugin and Mackenzie, depict all of the most famous Oxford colleges. As with Ackermann's complementary work on Cambridge, each of the plates is enlivened by some detail of contemporary life. These `asides', generally showing members of the university or citizens of Oxford, serve both as points of interest in the plates, and as indicators of the scale of the buildings depicted. An unlooked-for by-product of this fine detailing is that it encourages the viewer to examine each plate with great care: what exactly is being prepared for dinner in the kitchen of Christ Church (see plate facing p.76, vol.II). The costume plates by Agar after Uwins have the appearance of being portraits of individuals (rather than clothes with generalized faces attached) and are also very fine.

The text, understandably overlooked when competing for attention with the plates, repays careful study. College by college the author gives details of the founders, the names of subsequent benefactors together with their contributions. The physical descriptions of the colleges are next, and include details of the colleges greatest treasures: pictures, sculpture, books, etc. The college descriptions conclude with the names, dates and details of their presidents, together with similar notes on famous alumni. After these follow notes on the university halls, public buildings including the Radcliffe and Bodleian libraries, Ashmolean museum and the Physic garden. The text concludes with notes on the members of the university.

Abbey Scenery 278; Tooley 5. (#23119) $ 6,000.

51] [BUNBURY, Sir Henry William (1750-1811, illustrator)]. - "Geoffrey GAMBADO" (pseudonym). An Academy for Grown Horsemen, containing the completest instructions for walking, trotting, cantering, galloping, stumbling and tumbling. Illustrated with copper plates, and adorned with a portrait of the Author. By Geoffrey Gambado. London: printed for W. Dickinson, S. Hooper and Messrs. Robinsons, 1787. Quarto (12 1/2 x 9 inches). 12 stipple-engraved plates by W. Dickinson after Bunbury, all printed in bistre. Expertly bound to style in half 18th-century russia over 18th-century marbled paper-covered boards, the flat spine divided into six compartments by gilt fillets and roll tools, black morocco lettering-piece in the second compartment, the others with repeat decoration in gilt.

First edition of this popular work.

Henry William Bunbury was one of the most beloved English humorists of his day. By turning his back on controversial political caricature, Bunbury made a name for himself as a subtle and ingenious social satirist. In this vein he mocked many of the fashions and follies of the age depicting scenes of university life and, in the present work, the antics of horsemen. Lowndes calls this work a "lively and entertaining jeu d'esprit of the pencil and pen."

Lowndes II, p.860 (attributing the text to Bunbury). (#23534) $ 1,200.

52] FOSSÉ, Charles-Louis François de (1734-1812, author). - Louis-Marin BONNET (1736-1793, engraver). Idées d'un militaire pour la disposition des troupes confiées jeunes officiers dans la défense et l'attaque des petits postes. Paris: printed by François-Ambroise Didot l'ainé, published by Alexandre Jombert, jeune, 1783. Large quarto (12 5/16 x 9 inches). Half-title, title with wood-engraved vignette, letterpress dedication with engraved armorial headpiece printed in colours. 11 engraved plates (10 folding) printed in colours "en manière de pastel" by Louis-Marin Bonnet "premier Graveur en ce genre", each plate hinged to the upper margin of the relevant caption leaf. Expertly bound to style in 19th-century French blue calf-backed blue-glazed paper-covered boards, the spine divided into five unequal compartments with wide raised bands, the bands highlighted in gilt, lettered in the second and fourth compartments, the third compartment with an elaborate overall arabesque design incorporating variously- coloured morocco onlays, the first and fifth compartments tooled in gilt and blind with matching design. Provenance: Albert Sperisen (printer, of California, booklabel).

The Sperisen copy of the first edition of a work of great importance to the history of the development of colour printing.

One of the most successful eighteenth century experiments in colour-printing, this is the only book illustrated by Bonnet, the inventor of pastel manner engraving, or "gravure en maniere de pastel." The crayon manner technique for reproducing chalk drawings in three-colour prints had been invented by J.C. François in 1757, and Bonnet was his pupil. Bonnet extended the technique to suggest tone and printed additional colours, calling his new method the pastel manner. This technically demanding process allowed Bonnet to produce colour prints of the highest quality and paved the way for the great French illustrated works of the late-18th and early-19th century. The text is the work of the French military engineer Charles-Louis de Fossé and divides naturally into two sections. The first dealing with the strategies to be employed when attacking (or defending) a small military outpost manned by between 30 and 300 men; the second dealing with the correct use of colour when drawing military maps and plans (and touching on perspective drawing as applied to military plans). This second part is illustrated using Bonnet's plates. Apart from the colour printing, another unusual feature of this beautifully- produced work is that the plates are all attached along the upper margin of the descriptive associated caption leaves: this allows for individual plans to be folded out whilst the relevant text in the body of the book is studied.

It is particularly appropriate that the present work should have belonged to Albert Sperisen - a 20th-century innovator in the same field.

Brunet II,1354; cf. V. Carlson & J. Ittmann Regency to empire: French Printmaking 1715 - 1814 (Baltimore Museum of Art, 1984); Colorful Impressions: The Printmaking Revolution in Eighteenth-Century France. (Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2003-2004) no. 46; Jean Fürstenberg Das französische Buch im 18 Jahrhundert p. 121; Graesse II:620; Jacques Herold Louis-Marin Bonnet, catalogue de l'Oeuvre grav. (Paris: 1935) p.28; Joseph Marie Quérard La France littéraire, ou Dictionnaire bibliographique des savants (Paris: 1829) III, p.173 ('ouvrage estimé'). (#23118) $ 6,500.

53] JENKINS, James (publisher). - William HEATH (1795-1840, illustrator). The Martial Achievements of Great Britain and her allies from 1799 to 1815. London: [1815] plates watermarked 1831, text 1810 - 1812]. Quarto (14 1/4 x 11 3/8 inches). Uncut. Engraved title with hand-coloured vignette, engraved dedication to the Duke of Wellington with his coat-of-arms hand-coloured, hand-coloured aquatint frontispiece and 51 plates by Thomas Sutherland after William Heath. Without the 4pp. subscriber's list called for only in early issues. Expertly bound to style in red straight-grained half morocco over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, spine gilt.

A fine copy of this beautifully-illustrated record of the battles and campaigns during the war against Napoleon's France: "A brilliant and worthy record of a brilliant period in England's history" (Hardie).

First published in 1814-1815, Jenkins' Martial Achievements enjoyed enduring popularity, with the result that it was re-isssued several times. The present issue includes text from the original printing (on paper watermarked 1810 and 1812) whilst the plates are re-issues on paper stocks including watermarks dated 1831. This copy is particularly desirable as it is on paper that is completely uncut, offering the additional luxury of the widest possible margins to both plates and text.

Whilst this work does include nine scenes from locations as diverse as India, Israel, Egypt, Italy, South America and Russia, it is essentially a record of the Peninsular War from August 1808 when Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley (the future Duke of Wellington), landed in Portugal, through until the ultimate defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in June 1815. Each plate captures a pivotal moment during a pivotal action: the text describes the scene pictured and then, using excerpts from contemporary bulletins, dispatches, letters, and speeches gives an account of the action as a whole, often ending on a fascinating but more sombre note by recording the names and regiments of the senior officers killed.

With the brilliant strategist Wellington at their head, the British and their Portuguese and Spanish allies fought to eject Napoleon and the French firstly from Portugal, and then Spain. In a seven year period, during which over a million people lost their lives, the French (with the most experienced and successful army in Europe) went from being the masters of a demoralized and all-but-defeated Spain to being ejected forever from the Iberian Peninsular, having been repulsed during a long series of engagments against Spanish irregulars supporting Wellington's Anglo Portuguese Army. Many of these engagments are pictured and described here in a work that Prideaux notes is "worthy of its theme ... one [could not] desire a finer record of heroic deeds"). Scenes include "The Battle[s] of Roleia"; "... Vimiera"; "... Corunna"; "... Grigo"; "... Salamonda"; "... Talavera"; "... Busaco"; "...Barrosa"; "... Pombal"; " ... Salmanca"; " ... Seville"; '".... Vittoria"; "The Storming of St. Sebastian"; "The Entrance of the Allies into Paris"; and "The Battle of Quatre Bras" and two of the "Battle of Waterloo." The plates are all the work of aquatint engraver Thomas Sutherland, who specialized in hunting, coaching, military, and naval subjects: his earliest dated work is from 1804, and shortly thereafter was employed by London publisher Rudolph Ackermann. Here, Sutherland works from originals by William Heath who is now best known for his caricatures, political cartoons, and images which offered a visual commentary on contemporary life. The present work is typical of his earlier output - from about 1820 on he focused on satire. Some of his works were published under the pseudonym "Paul Pry".

Abbey Life 365; Hardie English Coloured Books 147; Prideaux, 341; Tooley 281. (#23160) $ 4,800.

54] MAYER, Luigi (1755-1803). Views in Palestine, from the original drawings of Luigi Mayer, with an historical and descriptive account of the country, and its remarkable places. Vues en Palestine ... London: printed by T. Bensley for R. Bowyer, 1804 [text and plates watermarked 1801]. Title and text in English and French. 24 hand-coloured aquatint plates after Mayer, all captioned in English and French.

[with:] MAYER. Views in the Ottoman Empire, chiefly in Caramania, a part of Asia Minor hitherto unexplored; with some curious selections from the Islands of Rhodes and Cyprus, and the celebrated cities of Corinth, Carthage and Tripoli: from the original drawings in the posession of Sir R. Ainslie, taken during his embassy to Constantinople by ... Mayer: with historical observations and incidental illustrations of the manners and customs of the natives of the country ... Vues dans l'empire Ottoman. London: printed by T. Bensley for R. Bowyer, 1803. 2 letterpress titles: one in English, one in French, text in English and French. 24 hand-coloured aquatint plates after Mayer, all captioned in English and French.

2 works in one volume, folio (18 x 12 1/2 inches). Contemporary red straight grained morocco, covers panelled in gilt and blind, spine in seven compartments with wide flat bands, lettered in the second compartment, the others with a repeat decoration in gilt, inner dentelles gilt, blue silk endpapers.

An exuberant binding containing two spectacular works with colour plates.

Each work was first published separately under the auspices of Sir Robert Ainslie (1730-1812), antiquary, numismatist, and ambassador to Constantinople from 1776 to 1792. The plates include many remarkable images: the first work contains a series of 10 views taken in and around Jerusalem, as well as a number of other locations known from passages in the Bible; the second work concentrates on Caramania in Asiatic Turkey, including views of the ancient sites as well as ethnographical portraits of the inhabitants. It also includes images of Rhodes, Corinth, Carthage and Tripoli. As the titles make clear, the plates are based upon the designs of Luigi Mayer, an Italian-born artist of German parentage.

Abbey Travel 369; Atabey 787 & 788; Blackmer 1098 & 1099; Gay 2145; Rohricht p. 339 (#23812) $ 6,500.

55] REPTON, Humphry (1752-1818) & John Adey REPTON (1775-1860). Fragments on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening. Including some remarks on Grecian and Gothic architecture, collected from various manuscripts, in the possession of the different noblemen and gentlemen, for whose use they were originally written; the whole tending to establish fixed principles in the respective arts. By H. Repton, Esq. assisted by his son, J. Adey Repton. London: Printed by T. Bensley and Son for J. Taylor, 1816. Large quarto (13 1/2 x 10 3/4 inches). 42 aquatint plates (22 hand-coloured, including ten with overslips and three double- page, 13 uncoloured, including three with overslips, 7 tinted, including one with an overslip), 1 wood-engraved and letterpress plan, 9 aquatint head- and tail-piece vignettes (including two with overslips), and numerous wood- engraved illustrations. (Lacking half-title, two plates bound out of order). Contemporary half green morocco over marbled paper boards, spine with raised bands in six compartments, spine ruled in gilt and stamped with owner's emblem, marbled edges.

A fine copy of the first edition of Repton 's last great work on landscape gardening.

Humphry Repton was the main successor to Lancelot "Capability" Brown as an improver of grounds for the English gentry in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. He was particularly noted for his Red Books. These were produced for each individual client and were made up from a manuscript description of his proposed improvements bound with Repton's own watercolour drawings of the grounds, with his proposed alterations displayed on an overlay. Repton's landscapes displayed his preference for a gradual transition between house and grounds by means of terraces, balustrades and steps.

In both the present work and his earlier Observations. (London: 1803), Repton strives to put across his view that the landscape architect should be guided by the single guiding principle that his work should produce a "pleasing combination of Art and Nature adapted to the use of Man" (preface, p.viii). Repton differentiates between the present work and his earlier Observations (London: 1803) in the preface: "The contents of the present Volume ... will be found neither to be a continuation nor a contradiction of the former Observations; but, from the subject's being elucidated by new and more beautiful examples, the Author's former principles in the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening will be confirmed." He goes on to note that the text is drawn from "more than four hundred Reports in MS." i.e his Red Books; this fact alone makes the present work particularly valuable, as many of these Red Books are no longer extant.

Abbey Scenery 391; Martin Hardie, p. 129; Prideaux, p. 349; Tooley 398; HBS 53787. (#22482) $ 27,500.

56] REPTON, Humphry (1752-1818). Observations on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening. Including some remarks on Grecian and Gothic Architecture, collected from various manuscripts, in the possession of the different Noblemen and Gentlemen. London: J. Taylor, 1803. Quarto (13 9/16 x 10 7/8 inches). Stipple engraved portrait of the author by W. Holl after S. Shelley, 27 engraved or aquatint plates (including 12 hand-coloured, 3 tinted, 12 uncoloured; 12 with overslips, 1 folding, 1 double-page), numerous engraved, wood-engraved or aquatint vignettes and illustrations, 2 with overslips. (Small neat repairs to folds of folding plate, occasional light offsetting of text onto plates). Contemporary light brown calf gilt by Charles Hering (with his ticket on the front free endpaper), covers with gilt-ruled and blind-tooled border with centrally-placed gilt armorial of the arms of the Leveson-Gower family, surmounted by a Marquesses coronet, with the arms and coronet of an Earl in pretence, gilt turn-ins, marbled endpapers, marbled edges (neatly rebacked to style). Provenance: Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquis of Stafford (1721-1803, binding); Louise Ward Watkins (1890-1974, bookplate).

First edition of the classic work on landscape gardening in which Repton lays out and illustrates what he considered to be the fixed principles which should be adhered to in any large-scale scheme.

Humphry Repton was the main successor to Lancelot 'Capability' Brown as an improver of grounds for the English gentry in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. He was particularly noted for his 'Red Books'. These were produced for each individual client and were made up from a manuscript description of his proposed improvements bound with Repton's own watercolour drawings of the grounds, with his proposed alterations displayed on an overlay. Repton's landscapes displayed his preference for a gradual transition between house and grounds by means of terraces, balustrades and steps.

Textually this is one of Repton's most valuable works, for two main reasons: it contains long quotations from some very important Red Books which are now lost (those for Corsham, Bulstrode, Shardeloes, and West Wycombe), and it also contains Repton's major contribution to the evaluation of 'Capability' Brown. Although critical of some minor details the general tone of these passages is full of praise for the memory of the great gardener, and an able defense against the criticisms voiced by the theoreticians, Payne Knight and Uvedale Price.

Abbey Scenery 390; Tooley 399 (#14909) $ 18,500. Atlases & Cartography

57] BLAEU, Jan (1596-1673). [Grooten atlas...] Achtste Stuck der Aerdrycks-Beschryving, welck vervat Spaenien, Africa, en America [Atlas Major, in Dutch, volume VIII, Spain, Africa and the Americas]. Amsterdam: uytgegeven by Joan Blaeu, [No date]-1665-1665. 3 parts in one volume, folio (20 1/2 x 13 3/8 inches). General title printed in letterpress on two slips pasted onto an elaborate hand-coloured engraved surround heightened in gold (as issued), letterpress titles to the second and third parts each with a wood-cut vignette finely hand-coloured and heightened in gilt, 64 hand-coloured engraved maps, plans and views, heightened in gold (56 double-page maps, 3 folding views, 4 double-page views, 1 double-page plan), extra-illustrated with 3 double-page maps by Nicolas Visscher, hand-coloured and heightened in gold (Hispaniae et Portugalliae regna; Africae accurata tabula; and Novissima et Accuratissima Americae descriptio). Contemporary Dutch vellum over pasteboard, covers panelled in gilt with fillets, with large coronet cornerpieces, all surrounding a large central arabesque block featuring Atlas supporting an armillary sphere, spine in ten compartments with raised bands, the bands highlighted with gilt fillets, lettered in the second and third compartments, the others with repeat lozenge-shaped decoration in gilt, gilt edges.

An outstanding extra-illustrated copy of the volume of Blaeu's "Atlas Major" comprising maps of Spain, Africa and the Americas: a sumptuously coloured copy with the maps heightened in gold.

The present volume is presented in three distinct parts. The additional Visscher maps - general maps of Spain, Africa and North and South America - are bound into the atlas following the Blaeu counterparts. The first part on Spain comprises 29 maps, including a spectacular series of views and plans of the Escorial Palace, completed in 1584 for Philip II -- the colouring on these is particularly noteworthy. The second part, on Africa, records on 14 maps all that was then known of Africa. The 24 maps in the final section on the Americas are of particular importance, and among these are the following maps: Americae nova tabula; Novissima et Accuratissima Americae descriptio (Visscher); Insulae Americanae in oceano septentrionali; Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova; Mappa Aestivarum Insularum, alias Barmudas dictarum; Nova Virginae tabula; Virginiae partis australis, et Floriduae partis orientalis; Nova Hispania et Nova Galicia.

The beautiful, strictly contemporary colouring, the ample gilt highlights, the wide margins and the addition of near- contemporary Visscher maps are all indications that this volume was originally commissioned by or for a collector of note. Apart from the extra maps, the absence of a date on the general title is the only variation with Koeman's Bl 57 (vol.VIII). The Visscher maps of the Americas, titled Novissima et Accuratissima Americae descriptio, is in Burden's second state and can be dated to circa 1677, suggesting that this volume was probably from a set of the Grooten Atlas [or Atlas Major] assembled in the late 1670s.

Blaeu's Atlas Major was the culmination of his family's great cartographic tradition and has been called the "greatest and finest atlas ever published" (Koeman, vol. I, p. 199). The atlas was issued in Latin (1662, 11 volumes), French (1663 and 1667, 11 volumes), Dutch (1664, 9 volumes), Spanish (1658-1672, 10 volumes) and German (1667, 9 volumes). Published in competition to Johannes Janssonius Novus Atlas the publisher intended the atlas to be of the highest quality. That said, the finishing of copies of the atlas, i.e. the colouring and binding, varies greatly among copies, indicating the importance of the original owner. This volume is among the nicest we have seen.

Cf. Koeman Bl 57. For the Visscher map of America see Burden Mapping of North America I, 332, state 2. (#24630) $ 65,000.

58] CAREY, Mathew (1760-1839). The General Atlas for Carey's Edition of Guthrie's Geography Improved. Philadelphia: Mathew Carey, May 1, 1795. Folio (17 x 15 inches). Letterpress title mounted on a larger sheet uniform in size to the maps. 44 engraved maps, each hand-coloured (some folding). Extra-illustrated with an additional map of the United States from the 1814 second edition of Carey's General Atlas. (A few tears expertly repaired, some discolouration). Bound to style in half 18th century calf over contemporary marbled paper covered boards, flat spine ruled in gilt in eight compartments, red morocco lettering piece in the second. [with:] GUTHRIE, William. A New System of Modern Geography. Philadelphia: Mathew Carey, 1794 [vol. 1]; 1795 [vol 2]. Two volumes, 4to (10 1/4 x 8 inches). Four engraved plates (two folding). (Foxing as usual). Contemporary calf, expertly rebacked to style, flat spine ruled in gilt in six compartments, red morocco lettering piece in the second, volume number on a red morocco roundel in the fourth.

An American cartographic rarity: Carey's 1795 "Guthrie Atlas" -- the first edition of the first general atlas published in the United States. This a unique copy with the maps hand-coloured at a strictly contemporary date, extra-illustrated with a map of the United States, the maps usually folded here edge bound to create a larger format atlas and complete with its rare accompanying text.

"Following the Revolution, there was considerable activity in the United States by American mapmakers and publishers. One of them, Mathew Carey, was a pioneer in producing cartographic works ... In 1795 Carey published The General Atlas for Carey's Edition of Guthrie's Geography Improved. William Guthrie's popular textbook was originally issued in London in 1770 ... The sixteen maps of American states included ... were reprinted with five others in his American Atlas, which was also published in 1795 ... The engravers of the maps in both atlases were Barker, Scott, James Thackara, and John Vallance, all of Philadelphia, Samuel Hill of Boston, Amos Doolittle of New Haven, and Benjamin Tanner of New York" (Ristow).

Although the title, which lists each of the maps in the atlas, calls for a map of the United States, no such map was issued with this atlas, as Samuel Lewis's large map of the United States was not completed until the end of 1795 and was first added to copies of Carey's 1796 General Atlas. "The title page of this atlas differs considerably from the 1796 General Atlas (which has no mention of Guthrie, nor written explanation of the 'small hand pointer' both of which appear here)" (Rumsey).

Coloured copies of pre-1814 Carey atlases are extraordinarily rare. Rumsey states that although advertisements for the pre-1814 editions of Carey's General Atlas include pricing for coloured copies, that "we have never seen any copies of a pre 1814 Carey atlas with original color - they may exist, but would be rare - color was first employed as standard in the 1814 edition."

Rumsey and J. Brian Harley both cite examples, as the present one, of the maps being bound in atlas form rather than bound into copies of the text. However, Rumsey suggests, citing the Baskes copy, that the maps "all appear to have been folded originally ... which probably means they were folded first to be in the text volumes (one way they appeared), but when some buyers wanted the separate atlas, they were unfolded and bound on edge." There is no evidence of these folds on the edge bound maps in the present copy of the atlas.

Rumsey 2931; Ristow, pp.151-153; Evans 27077 and 28782. Not in Phillips. (#24376) $ 37,500.

59] FADEN, William (1750-1836). [A New General Atlas]. [London: William Faden, circa 1808, maps dated 1778-1808]. Large folio (22 7/8 x 17 ½ inches). Mounted on guards throughout, letterpress contents leaf. 55 engraved maps or charts, hand-coloured, hand-coloured in outline or with touches of hand-colouring, by Faden, Laurie & Whittle, L.S. de La Rochette, Henry Roberts and others (1 on a single page, 38 double-page, 16 folding). (The four hemisphere maps and the map of the western Mediterranean shaved with slight loss to imprint or image area, 2 others with marginal tears). Contemporary binding of marbled paper over pasteboard, rebacked and cornered to style using 18th-century diced Russia, the flat spine gilt in eight compartments delineated by roll-tools, lettered in the second compartment.

A fine example of Faden's atlas: 'His contribution to the development of cartography was considerable, commissioning new surveys and publishing the work of mapmakers throughout Europe' (Tooley)

The atlas includes four hemisphere maps, a Mercator-projection world map including the tracks of Captain James Cook's discoveries, a number of interesting charts giving depth soundings for the Baltic, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Bay of Biscay and the seas around the Iberian peninsula, two folding maps of the Mediterranean which could be combined to form one large four-sheet map, two folding maps of Italy that could be similarly combined and a larger scale single-page map of the Dutch Colony at the Cape of Good Hope. Additional maps of note include A Map of the Northern Part of France.. (1795); Plan of the Bay, Rock and Town of Gibraltar... (1783); a folding map of Bengal... (1786); a two-sheet map of the Peninsula of India ...(1800); and an important map of The United States of North America with the British Territories and Those of Spain according to the Treaty of 1784. (Feb. 11, 1796. ) The US Territory is here bounded in yellow, with the trans-Appalachian portions of that territory noted as having been assigned to the aborigines. Western land grants are named and bounded in yellow ("Wabash Company" &c.) "Indiana" shows the influence of Thomas Hutchins. (#2603) $ 37,500.

60] JEFFERYS, Thomas (1719-1771). The American Atlas: or, a geographical description of the whole continent of America: wherein are delineated at large its several regions, countries, states, and islands; and chiefly the British Colonies. London: Printed and sold by R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776. Folio (22 1/4 x 15 3/4 inches). Letterpress title and index leaf, otherwise engraved throughout. 23 engraved maps on 30 sheets (1 single page, 11 double-page, 18 folding), all hand-coloured in outline. (Occasional light spotting, lower outer blank corners of map sheets numbered 18 and 19 restored well outside the plate mark). Contemporary marbled boards and antique-style three quarter calf, retaining original backstrip and gilt morocco spine label. .

'The American Atlas' is the most important 18th century atlas for America. Walter Ristow describes it as a "geographical description of the whole continent of America, as portrayed in the best available maps in the latter half of the eighteenth century ... as a major cartographic reference work it was, very likely, consulted by American, English, and French civilian administrators and military officers during the Revolution."

As a collection, the American Atlas stands as the most comprehensive, detailed and accurate survey of the American colonies at the beginning of the Revolution. Among the distinguished maps are; Braddock Meade's A Map of the Most Inhabited Parts of New England, the largest and most detailed map of New England that had yet been published; a map of The Provinces of New York and New Jersey by Samuel Holland, the Surveyor general for the northern American colonies; William Scull's A Map of Pennsylvania, the first map of that colony to include its western frontier; Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson's A Map of the Most Inhabited part of Virginia, the best colonial map for the Chesapeake region; and Lt. Ross's Course of the Mississippi, the first map of that river based on English sources.

Jefferys was the leading English cartographer of the 18th century. From about 1750, he published a series of maps of the English American colonies, that were among the most significant produced in the period. As Geographer to the Prince of Wales, and after 1761, Geographer to the King, Jefferys was well placed to have access to the best surveys conducted in America, and many of his maps held the status of "official work." Jefferys died on 20th November 1771, and in 1775, his successors, Robert Sayer and John Bennett, gathered these separately-issued maps together and republished them in book form as The American Atlas. The present second edition, issued in 1776, includes A new Map of the Province of Quebec (a significant addition) in place of Jefferys' The Middle British Colonies and a second issue of Samuel Holland's The Provinces of New York and New Jersey, published on 20 December 1775.

The maps are as follows (many of the maps are on several sheets, and in accordance with the letterpress index, each individual sheet is numbered, the measurements refer to the image size):

1-3. Braddock Meade (alias John Green). "A Chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Published 10 June 1775. Six sheets joined into three, 43 1/2 x 49 1/2 inches. Stevens & Tree 4(d). This great wall map was chiefly issued to expose the errors in Delisle and Buache's map of the Pacific Northwest, published in Paris in 1752.

4. Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg. "The Russian Discoveries". Published March 2nd 1775. One sheet, 18 x 24 inches.

5-6. Thomas Pownall after E. Bowen. "A New and Correct map of North America, with the West India Islands . Published 15th February, 1777. Four sheets joined into two, 43 x 47 inches. Stevens & Tree 49(f). Thomas Pownall updated Bowen's "North America" map of 1755. Pownall's version included the relevant results of the first treaty of Paris, drawn up after the end of the French and Indian War.

7. Thomas Jefferys. "North America from the French of Mr. D'Anville, Improved with the English Surveys Made since the Peace". Published 10 June 1775. One sheet, 18 x 20 inches. Stevens & Tree 51(c)

8. Samuel Dunn. "A Map of the British Empire in North America". Published 10 January 1774 . 1/2 sheet, 12 x 19 inches. Stevens & Tree 53(b).

9. Thomas Jefferys. "An Exact Chart of the River St. Laurence from Fort Frontenac to the Island of Anticosti". Published 25 May 1775. Two sheets joined into one, 23 1/2 x 37 inches. Stevens & Tree 76(d).

10. Sayer & Bennett. "A Chart of the Gulf of St. Laurence." Published 25th March 1775. One sheet, 19 1/2 x 24 inches.

11. Capt. [Samuel] Holland. "A Map of the Island of St. John in the Gulf of St. Laurence". Published 6 April 1775. One sheet, 15 x 27 1/4 inches.

12. James Cook & Michael Lane. "A General Chart of the Island of Newfoundland". Published 10th May 1775. One sheet, 21 1/2 x 22 inches. Lieutenant and later Captain James Cook went on to gain renown for his three exploratory voyages in the Pacific.

13. James Cook and others. "A Chart of the Banks of Newfoundland". Published 25 March 1775. One sheet, 19 1/2 x 26 inches. Based on the surveys of James Cook (see above), Chabert and Fleurieu.

14. Thomas Jefferys. "A New Map of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island with the Adjacent Parts of New England and Canada. " Published 15 June 1775. One sheet, 18 1/2 x 24 inches. Stevens & Tree 66(c). Originally published in 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, this map "proved to be important in evaluating respective French and English claims to this part of North America" (Ristow). England gained sole possession of the region by the Treaty of Paris, 1763.

15-16. Braddock Meade (alias John Green.) "A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England". Published November 29, 1774. Four sheets joined into two, 38 3/4 x 40 ¾ inches. Stevens & Tree 33(e). The first large-scale map of New England. "The most detailed and informative pre-Revolutionary map of New England ... not really supplanted until the nineteenth century" (New England Prospect, 13).

17. Capt. [Samuel] Holland. "The Provinces of New York and New Jersey, with Part of Pensilvania". Published 20 Decr. 1775. Three insets: A plan of the City of New York, A chart of the Mouth of Hudson's River, and A Plan of Amboy. Two sheets joined, 26 1/2 x 52 ¾ inches. Stevens & Tree 44(d). An important large-scale map of the Provinces of New York and New Jersey, by Samuel Holland, Surveyor General for the Northern English colonies. With fine insets including a street plan of colonial New York City.

18. William Brassier. "A Survey of Lake Champlain, including Lake George, Crown Point and St.John." Published 5 August 1776. Single sheet 26 x 18 3/4 inches. Stevens & Tree 25(b). This is the second state of Brassier's terribly important and magnificently detailed map of Lake Champlain. More usually editions of the present 1776 atlas contain the first state of this map. The Second state is to be preferred as it illustrates the very first battle fought by the U.S. Navy - the Battle of Valcour Island, which took place near present-day Plattsburgh, New York, on October 11, 1776.

19. Captain Carver and others. "A New Map of the Province of Quebec, according to the Royal Proclamation, of the 7th of October 1763. from the French Surveys Connected with those made after the War, by Captain Carver, and Other Officers". One sheet, 19 1/4 x 26 1/4 inches. Stevens & Tree 73(a).

20. William Scull. "A Map of Pennsylvania Exhibiting not only the Improved Parts of the Province but also its Extensive Frontiers". Published 10 June 1775. Two sheets joined, 27 x 51 ½ inches. The first map of the Province of Pennsylvania to include its western frontier. All earlier maps had focused solely on the settled eastern parts of the colony.

21-22. Joshua Fry & Peter Jefferson. "A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Virginia, containing the Whole Province of Maryland ... 1775". [n.d.] Four sheets joined into two, 32 x 48 inches. Stevens & Tree 87(f). "The basic cartographical document of Virginia in the eighteenth century ... the first to depict accurately the interior regions of Virginia beyond the Tidewater. [It] dominated the cartographical representation of Virginia until the nineteenth century" (Verner.)

23-24. Henry Mouzon. "An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their Indian Frontiers". Published May 30, 1775. Four sheets joined into two, 40 x 54 inches. Stevens & Tree 11(a). "The chief type map for [the Carolinas] during the forty or fifty years following its publication. It was used by both British and American forces during the Revolutionary War" (Cumming, 450).

25. Thomas Jefferys. "The Coast of West Florida and Louisiana ... The Peninsula and Gulf of Florida." Published 20 Feby. 1775. Two sheets joined into one, 19 1/2 x 48 inches. Stevens & Tree 26(a). A large-scale map of Florida, based upon the extensive surveys conducted after the region became an English possession following the 1763 Treaty of Paris.

26. Lt. Ross. "Course of the Mississipi.... Taken on an Expedition to the Illinois, in the latter end of the Year 1765". Published 1 June 1775. Two sheet joined into one, 14 x 44 inches. Stevens & Tree 31(b). The first large-scale map of the Mississippi River, and the first based in whole or part upon English surveys.

27. Thomas Jefferys. "The Bay of Honduras". Published 20 February 1775. One sheet, 18 1/2 x 24 1/2 inches.

28-29. J.B.B. D'Anville. "A Map of South America." Published 20 September 1775. Four sheets joined into two, 20 x 46 inches

30. Cruz Cano and others. "A Chart of the Straits of Magellan". Published 1 July 1775. One sheet, 20 1/2 x 27 inches.

Howes J-81; cf. Phillips Atlases 1165 and 1166; Sabin 35953; cf. Streeter Sale I, 72 (1775 edition); cf. Walter Ristow (editor) Thomas Jefferys The American Atlas London 1776, facsimile edition, Amsterdam 1974. (#21866) $ 165,000.

61] PTOLEMY, Claudius (90-168 A.D.). - RUSCELLI, Girolamo (1505-1566, translator & editor). La Geografia di Tolomeo nuovamente tradotta di Greco in Italiano, da Ruscelli, con espositioni del medesimo o modo di far la descrittione di tutto il mondo Aggiuntovi un pieno discorso di M. Gioseppe Meleto. Venice: appresso Vincenzo Valgrisi, 1561. 3 parts in one volume, quarto (9 x 6 1/8 inches). Letterpress general title and two section titles, 1p. errata at back. 64 double-page engraved maps (28 according to Ptolemaic geography including 1 world map, 36 'modern' maps including 2 world maps and 7 others relating to the Americas), 12 woodcut illustrations or diagrams, woodcut printer's device on titles, and verso of the third world map "Carta Marina nuova tavola" (minor staining at lower corners in the first part of the Geografia section, minor worming at inner margins touching the first few maps of the final part of the Geografia). Contemporary vellum over pasteboard, contained in modern black morocco-backed cloth box, spine gilt. Provenance: "R.D.M." (early ink stamps to title).

Important first edition of Ruscelli's Italian translation of Ptolemy's Geographia, with the original maps superbly re- engraved and enlarged and with new maps added: a pleasing, unsophisticated copy in contemporary vellum.

This "new and important edition" (Sabin) of Ptolemy also includes the first publication of Ruscelli's own Espositioni et Introduttioni Universali… sopra tutta la Geografia di Tolomeo. Con XXXVI. nuove tavole… cosi del mondo conosciuto dagli antichi, come del nuovo. Con la carta da navicare, & con piu alter, as well as a short work by Giuseppe Moleto Discorso Universale … nel quale son raccolti, & dichiarati tutti i termini, & tutte le regole appartenenti alla Geografia. The maps are slightly enlarged versions of those of Jacopo Gastaldo (which had previously appeared in Mattioli's 1548 translation of Ptolemy) with several notable additions.

Amongst the most important of these is the second appearance (and first widely circulated) of the famed Zeno map. It shows Greenland connected to Norway in the north, and two land masses which are believed to correspond to Labrador and Newfoundland. The map was first published in Venice in 1558 by Nicolo Zeno, a descendant of a person by the same name, Nicolo Zeno, of the Zeno brothers. The younger Zeno published the map, along with a series of letters, with the claim that he had discovered them in a storeroom in his family's house in Venice. According to his claim, the map and letters were made around the year 1400 and purport to describe a voyage by the Zeno brothers made in the 1390s under the direction of a prince named Zichmni. The voyage supposedly traversed the North Atlantic and, according to some interpretations, reached North America.

Among the other maps are ten of American interest, including a general map of South America; a detailed map of Brazil; another of Mexico (notable for more accurately depicting the Yucatan as a peninsula rather than an island as in the 1548 edition), Baja California, the Gulf Coast and Florida; a map of New England; one of Cuba; and one of Hispaniola.

European Americana 561/42; JCB (3)I:214; Phillips Atlases 371; Sabin 66503; Stevens Ptolemy 50; Adams P-2235; Shirley, Mapping of the World 110,111. (#20266) $ 18,500.

62] REID, John (publisher). The American Atlas. New York: Published by John Reid, 1796. Folio (16 x 10 1/4 inches). Mounted on guards throughout, letterpress title within decorative border of typographic ornaments, 20 engraved maps on 19 leaves (1 folding, 17 double-page and 2 single-page maps printed on one double-page sheet), 1 folding engraved plan of Washington (Expert repairs to title, plan of Washington shaved at lower margin with very slight loss to plate area). Expertly bound to style in half 18th-century diced russia and contemporary marbled- paper-covered boards, original paper label 'The / Atlas / for / Winterbotham's History / of / America. / 1796' pasted onto upper cover, the flat spine divided into six compartments by gilt double fillets, lettered in the second compartment.

A very fine copy of this rare and important American atlas, here including the folding plan of Washington, not found in most copies, and in the first state with Reid Wayland and Smith's 1795 imprint.

The Reid atlas is one of the rarest and most interesting of American atlases, preceded only by the 1795 Carey and the Clark atlases as the earliest United States atlases. It includes detailed engraved maps of North and South America, and the United States; and individual maps of New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, and the West Indies. The atlas in hand also includes the added detailed plan of Washington, not found in all copies. This map follows the Ellicott plan of 1792, and Reid's work is the first atlas to include a plan of Washington City. The continent maps, the general map of the United States, and those of Kentucky and Washington are copied from the London edition of Winterbotham. The rest of the maps are original to this work.

Evans 31078; Howes R-170; Phillips Atlases 1216,1366; Phillips Maps pp.595,1005; Rumsey 845; Sabin 69016; Schwartz & Ehrenberg p.215; Streeter Sale 77; c.f. A Checklist of Printed Plans of Washington, DC 1792-1801 in Mapforum Issue 1. (#20767) $ 22,500.

63] SAYER, Robert and John BENNET (publishers). The American Military Pocket Atlas; being an approved collection of correct maps, both general and particular, of the British Colonies; especially those which now are, or probably may be the Theatre of War: Taken principally from the actual surveys and judicious observations of engineers De Brahm and Romans; Cook, Jackson, and Collett; Maj. Holland, and other officers. London: Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennet, [1776]. Octavo (8 11/16 x 5 3/8 inches). Letterpress text: title (verso blank), 1p. 'List of maps' (verso blank), 2pp. dedication to 'Gov. Pownall', 2pp. 'Advertisement', 6 folding engraved maps, all hand-coloured in outline. Expertly bound to style in 18th-century diced half russia over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, the flat spine divided into six compartments by gilt double fillets, lettered in gilt in the second compartment, modern blue morocco-backed cloth box.

The 'Holster Atlas' : one of the most important atlases of the American Revolution designed for use in the field. The 'Holster Atlas' was issued at the suggestion of Governor George Pownall and included the 'maps that the British high command regarded as providing essential topographical information in the most convenient form' (Schwartz & Ehrenberg)

This collection of maps was published by Sayer and Bennet at the beginning of the Revolution for the use of British officers. 'Surveys and Topographical Charts being fit only for a Library, such maps as an Officer may take with him into the Field have been much wanted. The following Collection forms a Portable Atlas of North America, calculated in its Bulk and Price to suit the Pockets of Officers of all Ranks' (Advertisement). Although the publishers claimed the atlas would fit into an officer's pocket, it was more usually carried in a holster and thus gained its nick-name.

The six maps are as follows: 1. DUNN, Samuel. 'North America, as divided amongst the European Powers. By Samuel Dunn, Mathematician London: printed for Robt. Sayer, 10 Jany. 1774.' Engraved map, hand-coloured in outline (13 1/4 x 18 inches). Engraved for Dunn's 'A New Atlas' (London: 1774).

2. DUNN, Samuel. 'A compleat map of the West Indies, containing the coasts of Florida, Louisiana, New Spain, and Terra Firma: with all the islands.' London: Robt. Sayer, 10 January 1774. Engraved map, hand-coloured in outline (13 1/8 x 18 1/2 inches). Engraved for Dunn's 'A New Atlas' (London: 1774). The 'Advertisement' describes these first two maps as 'a general map of the part of the globe, called North America, and a second general map of those islands, shores, gulfs, and bays, which form what is commonly called the West Indies; these we consider as introductory, and as giving a general idea, and we trust a just one.'

3. 'A general map of the Northern British Colonies in America. which comprehends the Province of Quebec, the Government of Newfoundland, Nova-Scotia, New-England and New-York. from the maps published by the Admiralty and Board of Trade, Regulated by the astronomic and trigonometric observations of Major Holland and corrected from Governor Pownall's late Map 1776. London: Robt. Sayer & Jno. Bennet, 14 August 1776.' Engraved map, hand-coloured in outline (20 1/2 x 26 1/2 inches). First state, also issued as a separate map. This map was re- issued in 1788 with the title changed to reflect the new political realities. McCorkle New England 776.11; Sellers & Van Ee 143; Stevens & Tree 65

4. EVANS, Lewis. 'A general map of the Middle British Colonies, in America. containing Virginia, Maryland, the Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. With the addition of New York, and the greatest part of New England, as also of the bordering parts of the Province of Quebec, improved from several surveys made after the late war,and corrected from Governor Pownall's late Map 1776. London: R. Sayer & J. Bennet, 15 October 1776.' Engraved map, hand-coloured in outline (20 1/8 x 26 1/2 inches). Based on Lewis Evans' map of 1755, with additions and corrections. Cf. Stephenson & McKee Virginia p.82 (an image of the Evans map)

5. ROMANS, Bernard. 'A general map of the Southern British Colonies, in America. comprehending North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, with the neighbouring Indian countries. From the modern surveys of Engineer de Brahm, Capt. Collet, Mouzon & others; and from the large hydrographical survey of the coasts of East and West Florida. By B. Romans. London: R.Sayer & J. Bennett [sic.], 15 Octr. 1776.' Engraved map, hand- coloured in outline (20 3/4 x 25 5/8 inches). Based on charts and maps by Roman and others.

6. BRASSIER, William Furness (1745-1772). 'A Survey of Lake Champlain including Lake George, Crown Point and St. John, Surveyed by order of ... Sr. Jeffery Amherst ... by William Brassier, draughtsman. 1762. London: Robt. Sayer & Jno. Bennet, 5 Aug., 1776.' Engraved map, hand-coloured in outline (29 1/8 x 21 5/8 inches). Also issued as the first separately published map of Lake Champlain, this excellent detailed chart was based on a survey made during the French and Indian War, but not published until the Revolution. Included is an inset illustrating America's first naval battle, in which General Benedict Arnold, though forced back down the lake, was able to delay the British attempt to descend to the Hudson for that year. No mention, of course, is made of Ethan Allen's taking of Fort Ticonderoga in 1775.

Fite & Freeman A Book of Old Maps pp.212-216; Howes A208; Nebenzahl Atlas of the American Revolution pp.61- 63; Phillips Atlases 1206; Rumsey p.311; Sabin 1147; Schwartz & Ehrenberg p.190; Streeter Sale 73. (#19184) $ 32,500. Miscellany

64] JOHNSON, Samuel (1709-1784). A Dictionary of the English Language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers. To which are prefixed, a History of the Language and an English Grammar ... First American, from the Eleventh London Edition ... To which are added, Walker's Principles of English Pronunciation. Philadelphia: Published by Moses Thomas (J. Maxwell printer), 1818. 2 volumes bound in four (as issued), quarto (10 5/8 x 8 3/4 inches). Two letterpress titles and two half-titles. Engraved portrait frontispiece of Johnson by G. Fairman, extra- illustrated at the front of vol.I by the insertion of the original 2pp. letterpress prospectus to both the octavo and the present quarto editions of the Dictionary. Contemporary sheep. Housed in two black morocco-backed boxes, spines gilt. Provenance: P. Moller (note in vol.II "Paid 20 Dollars. original subscriber. P. Moller, signature on prospectus at front of vol.I ); Rev. Joseph J. Elsegood (booklabels, note of gift of the books from James H. Cook, dated 1855).

Original subscriber's copy of the first unabridged American edition of Dr. Johnson's monumental work, here with the very rare original prospectus.

'It is the fate of those that toil at the lower employments of life, to be rather driven by the fear of evil, than attracted by the prospect of good; to be... punished for neglect, where success would have been without applause, and diligence without reward. Among these unhappy mortals is the writer of dictionaries... Every other author may aspire to praise; the lexicographer can only hope to escape reproach ... Yet his labours, though deficient, may be useful, and with the hope of inferiour [sic.] praise, he must incite his acttivity, and solace his weariness" (Johnson, in present work).

The very rare prospectus notes that in 1818 despite Johnson's low expectations, his Dictionary was "universally acknowledged to be the only true classical standard of its signification, etymology, and orthography; and ... that it has survived the test of time, and passed the ordeal of public scrutiny with undiminished reputation and increasing demand." However, the publisher goes on to note that "there remains to be added, in order to render it a complete work of reference, rules for pronunciation of words ... In none of the London editions is the defect remedied ... To supply this desideratum is the design of the American publisher." For this reason, John Walker's (1732-1807) "principles of English pronunciation", first published in his Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of 1775, were added at the start of vol.I.

Priority is generally ascribed to the present quarto issue as being the first unabridged American edition, but the prospectus shows that it was the publisher's intention to issue the quarto and octavo sets simultaneously: "In press, the first American edition ... in 2 vols. 4to and 4 vols. royal 8vo. ... The 4to. edition will be published in four parts, or half volumes .. and the 8vo. will be published in four volumes ... the only object in printing two editions, is to offer a choice of two sizes, as each will contain the same matter ... The price of each half volume 4to. and of each volume 8vo. will be five dollars in boards, payable on delivery".

Courtney & Smith p.58; Fleeman 55.4D/??; Shaw & Shoemaker 44473; cf. PMM 201. (#23137) $ 6,000.

65] NEWTON, Sir Isaac (1642-1727). Opticks: or, a Treatise of the reflections, refractions, inflections and colours of light. The third edition, corrected. London: printed for William and John Innys at the West End of St. Paul's, 1721. Octavo (7 3/4 x 4 7/8 inches). 2pp. publisher's advertisements at end.12 folding engraved plates, occasional wood-cut diagramatic illustrations. (Wormtrack from M4 to the end occasionally touching text). Contemporary panelled calf, covers tooled in blind, expertly rebacked to style, spine in six compartments with raised bands, red morocco lettering-piece in the second compartment.

Third edition of Newton's classic work, and the last edition published during the author's lifetime: "My design in this book is not to explain the properties of light by hypotheses, but to propose and prove them by reason and experiments" (Newton, page 1).

In this work Newton summarizes his discoveries and theories concerning light and colour, starting with his first published paper from 1672. He covers his findings on the spectrum of sunlight, the degrees of refraction of different colours, the rainbow, the colour circle, "Newton's rings," and his invention of the reflecting telescope.

"The core of his work was the observation that the spectrum of colours (formed when a ray of light shines through a glass prism) is stretched along its axis, together with his experimental proof that rays of different colours are refracted to different extents. This causes the stretching, or dispersion, of the spectrum. All previous philosophers and mathematicians had been sure that white light is pure and simple, regarding colours as modifications or qualifications of the white. Newton showed experimentally that the opposite is true" (PMM). His conclusions were astounding, and, as Feingold notes, this work was "every bit as revolutionary and challenging, and every bit as controversial as the Principia" (The Newtonian Moment pp. 41-42).

First published in quarto format in 1704, the present third edition follows the first octavo edition of 1717. Like the 1717 edition (which was re-issued with a new title in 1718), the engravings are reduced in size from the first, the mathematical tracts omitted, and the number of queries at the end of book III increased from 16 to 31, including the celebrated query no. 28 on the nature of light ("Are not all Hypotheses erroneous which have hitherto been invented for explaining the Phenomena of Light, by new Modification of the Rays?').

Babson 135; Gray 177; cf. PMM 172 (first edition) (#23415) $ 6,500.

66] SMITH, Adam (1723-1790). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. London: Printed for W. Strahan; and T. Cadell, 1776. 2 volumes, quarto (11 x 9 inches). Half-title in vol. 2 only (as issued), leaves M3, U3, 2Z3, 3A4 and 3O4 are cancels in Vol. 1, as are D1, 3Z4, 4C3 in Vol. II, 1p. publisher's advertisement at rear of Vol. II. Expertly bound to style in contemporary calf, covers with a gilt border, the flat spine divided into six compartments by gilt fillets and roll tools, black morocco lettering-piece in the second compartment, red morocco lettering piece in the fourth, the remaining compartments with elaborate repeat tooling in gilt centered around a classical tool, marbled endpapers.

An attractive copy of the first edition of the "first and greatest classic of modern economic thought" (Printing and the Mind of Man).

Smith's basic tenet that government should not interfere with free-market practices had an immediate political impact that is still felt today. "In this great corner-stone of political economy, chap. vii of book iv treats of colonies under the heads of: I. Of the motives for establishing new colonies; II. Causes of the prosperity of new colonies; III. Of the advantages which Europe derived from the discovery of America. But that is only a small part of the references to America. Under the heading of commerce is a great mass of information concerning the trade of this country, before the revolution, and a clear and convincing argument against the so-called 'mercantile system' which did so much to prepare the way for that event. Indeed . . . Prof. J. E. Thorold Rogers has recorded his opinion that 'had Adam Smith's work been printed in the early days of the struggle, his theory of colonial policy would have very much aided in smoothing the differences between the plantations and Great Britain'" (Sabin).

Smith began "with the thought that labour is the source from which a nation derives what is necessary to it. The improvement of the division of labour is the measure of productivity...Labour represents the three essential elements - wages, profit and rent - and these three also constitute income. From the workings of the economy, Smith passes to its matter 'stock' which encompasses all that man owns either for his own consumption or the return it brings him. The Wealth of Nations ends with a history of economic development, a definitive onslaught on the mercantile system, and some prophetic speculations on the limits of economic control. Where the political aspects of human rights had taken two centuries to explore, Smith's achievement was to bring the study of economic aspects to the same point in a single work. The Wealth of Nations is not a system, but as a provisional analysis it is completely convincing. The certainty of its criticism and its grasp of human nature have made it the first and greatest classic of modern economic thought" (Printing and the Mind of Man).

Carpenter XXVII; Goldsmith's 11392; Grolier English 57; Kress 7261; Printing and the Mind of Man 221; Rothschild 1897; Sabin 82302; Tribe 9; Vanderbilt p.3. (#24310) $ 150,000. 67] WEBSTER, Noah (1758-1853). An American Dictionary of the English Language. New York: published by S. Converse, printed by Hezekiah Howe of New Haven, 1828. 2 volumes, quarto (11 x 8 3/4 inches). Engraved portrait frontispiece of Webster by A.B. Durand after S.F.B. Morse at the front of vol.I, "Additions and Corrections" leaf bound at the end of vol.II. Expertly bound to style in half diced russia over contemporary marbled paper- covered boards, the flat spines divided into six compartments by double gilt fillets, lettered in gilt in the second, fourth and fifth compartments.

First edition of the most important American dictionary, the "most ambitious publication ever undertaken, up to that time, upon American soil" (Grolier "American 100") and a prize to be cherished by any American who cares about their native tongue.

The American Dictionary was printed in an initial edition of just 2500 copies, uncut in boards or full calf, at $20 for the two volumes. Importantly, the present copy includes the "Additions and Corrections" leaf at the end of the second volume, which is sometimes lacking. Webster's best-known work is significant for a string of reasons: according to Printing and the Mind of Man the Dictionary "at once became, and has remained, the standard English dictionary in the United States... [it also] marked a definite advance in modern lexicography, as it included many non-literary terms and paid attention to the language actually spoken ... In fact, Webster succeeded in breaking the fetters imposed upon American English by Dr. [Samuel] Johnson, ... to the ultimate benefit of the living languages of both countries". To sum up: the American Dictionary was "one of the great contributions towards mass education ... [in the United States, placing] correct spelling and usage within the reach of Everyman" (Grolier American 100).

Noah Webster, teacher, lawyer and lexicographer, was also "an ardent nationalist and he wanted to stress the political separation from England by the cultivation of a separate American language" (PMM). Starting work on the American Dictionary in 1800, "Webster set a new standard for etymological investigation, and for accuracy of definition ('a born definer of words' - Sir James Murray), and included 70,000 words, as against the 58,000 of any previous dictionary." (Grolier American 100). This two-volume quarto dictionary represents the culmination of Webster's indefatigable dedication to providing his country with its first comprehensive modern dictionary. The valuable introductory material contains his thesis on the development of languages, and also his philosophical and practical grammar of the English language.

Grolier American 100 36; Printing & the Mind of Man 291; Sabin 102335; Skeel 583. (#23723) $ 17,500.

Donald A. Heald 124 East 74th Street New York, NY 10021 212 744 3505 212 628 7847 fax [email protected] www.donaldheald.com