Memorial to John Fletcher Caley 1903— 1971 M. J. COPELAND AND THOMAS E. BOLTON Geological Survey o f , Ottawa, Canada The sudden death of John Fletcher Caley on Septem­ ber 28, 1971, at Kingston, , brought to a close the career of one of Canada’s most eminent authori­ ties on and natural gas resources. John Ca­ ley was born December 7, 1903, at Bradford, England, but his early life was spent in Edmonton, Alberta, where he attended public and technical high school and the University of Alberta. These early years, in­ fluenced by the geological phenomena of the Central Plains and Rocky Mountain Foothills and the begin­ ning of Canada’s now vast petroleum industry, un­ doubtedly determined his life’s work. In 1927, John Caley graduated from the Univer­ sity of Alberta with the B.Sc. degree in geology, and two years later received the M.Sc. from the same institution. In 1929 he entered graduate school at the University of Toronto where he came under the influence of the eminent geologists A. P. Coleman and W. A. Parks and received the M.A. degree in stra­ tigraphy in 1930 and the Ph.D. in paleontology in 1934. His thesis project on Ordovi­ cian stratigraphy and paleontology of Manitoulin Island, Ontario, was supported by a National Research Council bursary and fellowship. His only contact with Prccambrian field geology was in 1934 when he was senior assistant to an Ontario Department of Mines party in the Cat River area of northern Ontario. During these formative years his associates at the University of Toronto included J. C. Sproule, S. Duffell, J. P. Now- lan, E. W. Shaw, D. R. Derry, and M. A. Fritz, all lifelong friends. John Caley’s long association with the Geological Survey of Canada began as early as 1927 when he was student assistant with a field party in Alberta. It was not until 1935, however, that his Geological Survey career in Ottawa began, with his appoint­ ment as Assistant Geologist. His rise through the ranks was synonymous with the post­ depression and post-war growth of the Geological Survey. From 1935 to 1952 he served as geologist; from 1952 to 1956 as Acting Chief, Fuels and Resources Division; and from 1956 to 1968, when he retired, as Chief of the Fuels and Stratigraphic Geolo­ gy Division, and Petroleum Advisor to the Director. A review of John Caley’s scientific life covers the spectrum of biostratigraphic stud­ ies and economic research of Phanerozoic rocks of eastern Canada. Under his direc­ tion, mapping of Paleozoic rocks in southern Ontario was completed and the econom­ ic potential and ground-water resources of this area were assessed. He investigated dam sites in Ontario and , mapped an area near Woodstock, New Brunswick, and contributed to the paleontology of his favourite geological and vacation area, Manitou­ lin Island, Ontario.

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His most far-reaching contribution to Canadian geology was in the field of petrole­ um resources and their economic potential. Evaluation of these reserves occupied most of John Caley’s scientific life during the last twenty years of his active geological career. First southern Ontario, site of the first proved oil field in North America, then eastern Canada, and finally all of Canada’s sedimentary basins came under his scrutiny. The growth of his endeavours in this field is coincident with the growth and develop­ ment of the Canadian oil industry. One of the first permanent Geological Survey of­ fices outside of Ottawa had been established by G. S. Hume and W. A. Bell in 1950 at Calgary, Alberta, to coordinate federal government activities and assess the petroleum potential of the Central Canada basin. It fell to John Caley to nurture and strengthen this office during his tenure as Chief of Fuels and Resources - then the largest division of the Geological Survey of Canada - and, by the time of his retirement, it had be­ come a separate division of the Survey. Of the more than 40 publications credited to John Caley, most appeared before he assumed duties as Chief of the Fuels and Resources Division. His contributions to the energy programme of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys were innumer­ able and his continuing efforts in the field of petroleum resources are evident in the of­ fices he held on international scientific bodies. He served on the Publications Commit­ tee, was Associate Editor (eastern Canada), and was representative on the Basement Rocks Project of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. He was, for many years, Canadian member of the Permanent Council of the World Petroleum Congresses and travelled extensively in fulfilment of his duties with that body. Closer to home, John Caley served on the Miller Award Committee of the Royal Society of Canada and was its chairman in 1962—1963. His memberships in Canadian and foreign associa­ tions were numerous. He held fellowships in the Royal Society of Canada, Geological Association of Canada, The Geological Society of America, and the Royal Canadian Geographical Society, and was a Member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. To his many colleagues and friends, John was a never-ending source of inspiration and kindness. With assumption of the duties of divisional chief and his immersion in administrative duties, a field for which he was eminently suited, “Jack’s” active field career ended, but his attempts, often successful, to visit “his boys” in the field, contin­ ued. He was equally at home discussing the stratigraphy of Anticosti Island, Quebec, or Bruce Peninsula, Ontario, the faunal relationship of Virgiana and Pentamerus, or the methods of natural gas entrapment at Stony Creek, New Brunswick, or Lake Erie. His understanding and knowledge of the geology of eastern Canada was immense and this interest was transmitted to all. Indeed it can be said that the colleagues he supervised worked with, not for, John Caley and remained his lifelong friends. His judgment, thoroughness, and loyalty to his staff were his strength. The latter years of John’s administrative career were plagued by minor illnesses, cul­ minating in unexpected hospitalization shortly before his retirement. Recuperation was lengthy but on his frequent subsequent visits to colleagues at the Survey, “Jack” JOHN FLETCHER CALEY 55 was his old self. The years following retirement were ones of contentment for John and his wife Jean, who were married March 18, 1938. Their travels to see myriad friends of long standing and visits to John Caley’s favourite geological areas on Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island were full of enjoyment for them both. It was on a trip home to Ottawa from visiting their only son, Bill, in Toronto, that John Caley passed away. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JOHN F. CALEY 1930 (with Evans, C.S.) Reconnaissance survey of Foothill area in Wapiti River Basin, Alberta: Canada Geol. Survey Sum. Rept., pt. B, p. 36B-39B. 1936 Geology of Woodstock area, Carleton and York Counties, New Brunswick: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 190, 21 p. ------The Ordovician of Manitoulin Island, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 202, pt. 2, p. 21-92. 1940 Palaeozoic geology of the Toronto-Hamilton area, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 224, 284 p. ------Natural gas in Brantford area, Ontario, preliminary report: Canada Geol. Survey Paper 40- 22, 31 p. 1941 Palaeozoic geology of the Brantford area, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 226, 176 p. ------(with Wilson, A. E., and Stewart, J. S.) Sedimentary basins of Ontario possible sources of oil and gas: Royal Soc. Canada Trans., v. 35, ser. 3, p. 167-185. ------(with others) Possible future oil provinces of Eastern Canada, in Possible future oil provinces of the United States and Canada: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 25, no. 8, p. 1539-1562. 1942 Geology of the dam site, in Legget, R. F., An engineering study of glacial drift for an earth dam, near Fergus, Ontario: Econ. Geology, v. 37, p. 534-535. 1943 Palaeozoic geology of the London area, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 237, 171 p. ------Preliminary map-Lambton, Kent, and Essex Counties, Southwestern Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Paper 43-44. 1944 Underground water supplies, river valley development in Ontario: Ontario Dept. Planning and Development, p. 74-80. 1945 Palaeozoic geology of the Windsor-Sarnia area, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 240, 227 p. ------Preliminary map-Owen Sound, Ontario (two sheets): Canada Geol. Survey Paper 45-18. 1946 (with Roliff, W. A., and Evans, C. S.) Guide book for Ontario geological excursion to Kettle Point-Owen Sound-Waubaushene: Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters Papers, 31 p. 1947 (with Clark, T. H., and Owen, E. B.) Ground-water resources of Markham Township, York County, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper no. 284, 23 p. ------(with Clark, T. H., and Owen, E. B.) Ground-water resources of Pickering Township, On­ tario County, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper no. 285, 22 p. ------The St. Lawrence Lowlands: Canada Geol. Survey, Geology and Economic Minerals of Can­ ada (3d ed.), Econ. Geology, ser. no. 1, p. 156-183. ------The Lowlands: Canada Geol. Survey, Geology and Economic Minerals of Cana­ da (3d ed.) Econ. Geology, ser. no. 1, p. 184-188. ------Stratigraphic position of the Detroit River Limestone in Ontario (abs.): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 58, p. 1170. ------(with Hainstock, H. N., and Owen, E. B.) Ground-water resources of Vaughan Township, York County, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper no. 287, 21 p. 1948 (with Hainstock, H. N., and Owen, E. B.) Ground-water resources of Albion Township, Peel 56 THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

County, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper no. 288, 19 p. ------(with Hainstock, H. N., and Owen, E. B.) Ground-water resources of Toronto Gore Town­ ship, Peel County, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper no. 289, 19 p. ------(with Hainstock, H. N., and Owen, E. B.) Ground-water resources of Scarborough Township, York County, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper no. 290, 22 p. ------(with Hainstock, H. N., and Owen, E. B.) Ground-water resources of King Township, York County, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper no. 293, 23 p. 1949 Stratigraphic position of the Detroit River Limestone in Ontario (abs.): Proc. Geol. Assoc. Canada, v. 1, unnumbered page. 1950 (with Liberty, B. A.) Preliminary maps-Orillia-Brechin and Beaverton, Ontario (two maps and descriptive notes): Canada Geol. Survey Paper 50-11, 7 p. 1951 Oil and gas developments in Canada during 1950: Am. Inst. Min. Eng., v. 6, p. 476-488. ------(with others) Eastern Canada, in Possible future petroleum provinces of North America: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 35, no. 2, p. 458-485. ------Status report on Canadian oil and gas exploration: Oil and Gas Jour., v. 50, no. 33, p. 238- 243. 1952 (with Hainstock, H. N., and Owen, E. B.) Ground-water resources of Whitchurch Township, York County, Ontario: Canada Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper no. 320, 31 p. ------(with Sanford, B. V.) Preliminary maps-Lambton County, Ontario, showing drift-thickness and bedrock contours (two maps): Canada Geol. Survey Paper 52-2. ------(with Sanford, B. V.) Preliminary maps-Kent County, Ontario, showing drift-thickness and bedrock contours: Canada Geol. Survey Paper 52-4. ------(with Sanford, B. V.) Preliminary maps-Essex County, Ontario, showing drift-thickness and bedrock contours (two maps): Canada Geol. Survey Paper 52-17. ------Canadian exploration activity: Oil and Gas Jour., December, p. 207-216. ------Canada: Am. Inst. Min. Eng., v. 7, p. 586-609. ------(with Liberty, B. A.) Preliminary map-Fenelon Falls, Victoria, Peterborough and Haliburt- on Counties, Ontario (map and descriptive notes): Canada Geol, Survey Paper 52-31, 8 p. 1955 Petroleum in western Canada: Proc. Fourth World Petrol. Congress, Rome, p. 37-55. 1957 (with Liberty, B. A.) The St. Lawrence and Hudson Bay Lowlands, and Palaeozoic outliers: Canada Geol. Survey, Geology and Economic Minerals of Canada (4th ed.), Econ. Geology, ser. no. 1, p. 207-246. 1958 (with Pollitt, K.) Status of ground-water studies in Canada (abs.): Internat. Union Geodesy and Geophysics, Internat. Assoc. Scientific Hydrology, v. II, p. 229. 1966 Memorial to George Sherwood Hume (1893-1965): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 77, p. P179-P184.