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Potomac Hill

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Potomac Hill Potomac Hill Historic Landscape Assessment Draft Final 2.13.2015 3.1.4 Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 4.1.4 Circulation Systems and Boundary Table of Contents (1942-Present) 13 Demarcations 21 3.2 Navy Hill 14 4.1.4.1 Circulation Systems 21 Executive Summary v 3.2.1 Hygienic Laboratory/National Institute of 4.1.4.2 Boundary Demarcations 22 1.0 Introduction 1 Health (1901-1940) 14 4.1.5 Vegetation 22 1.1 Overview 1 3.2.2 Coordinator of Information/Office of 4.1.5.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 22 Strategic Services (1941-1945) 16 1.2 Study Area 2 4.1.5.2 Analysis 23 3.2.3 Central Intelligence Agency (1946-1961) 17 1.2.1 Potomac Hill 2 4.1.6 Small-Scale Features 23 3.2.4 Central Intelligence Agency and State 1.2.1.1 Previous Studies – Potomac Annex 3 Department (1962-present) 18 4.1.6.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 23 1.2.1.2 Previous Studies - Navy Hill 4 4.0 Landscape Features and Existing 4.1.6.2 Analysis 24 2.0 Methodology 5 Conditions 17 4.1.7 Views and Vistas 25 2.1 Scope and Objectives 5 4.1 Potomac Annex 19 4.1.7.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 25 2.2 Background Research and Field Survey 5 4.1.1 Natural Systems and Features 19 4.1.7.2 Analysis 25 2.3 Assessment of Historic Landscape 4.1.1.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 19 4.2 Navy Hill 26 Features 5 4.1.1.2 Analysis 20 4.2.1 Natural Systems and Topography 26 3.0 Historic Periods of Development 6 4.1.2 Land Use 20 4.2.1.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 26 3.1 Potomac Annex 6 4.1.2.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 20 4.2.1.2 Analysis 26 3.1.1 Early History 6 4.1.2.2 Analysis 20 4.2.2 Land Use 26 3.1.2 The Old Naval Observatory (1842-1893) 6 4.1.3 Spatial Organization 20 4.2.2.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 26 3.1.3 The Naval Museum of Hygiene, Naval 4.1.3.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 20 4.2.2.2 Analysis 27 Hospital and Medical School (1894-1942) 10 4.1.3.2 Analysis 21 4.2.3 Spatial Organization 27 U.S. General Services Administration i Potomac Hill Campus Draft Final Historic Landscape Assessment– January 2015 Table of Contents 5.2 Navy Hill 37 6.0 References and Bibliography 8 3 4.2.3.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 27 4.2.3.2 Analysis 27 4.2.4 Circulation Systems and Boundary Demarcations 28 4.2.4.1 Roads, Parking Areas and Pedestrian Paths 28 4.2.4.2 Boundary Demarcations 28 4.2.5 Vegetation 29 4.2.5.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 29 4.2.5.2 Analysis 29 4.2.6 Small-Scale Features 29 4.2.6.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 29 4.2.6.2 Analysis 30 4.2.7 Views and Vistas 30 4.2.7.1 Historical and Existing Conditions 30 4.2.7.2 Analysis 30 4.3 Inventory of Landscape Features 30 5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 37 5.1 Potomac Annex 37 U.S. General Services Administration ii Potomac Hill Campus Draft Final Historic Landscape Assessment– January 2015 List of Tables 3.7 View of the Naval Observatory from the 4.2 1801 Lithograph of Georgetown and Washington Monument, 1885 10 Washington, D.C. Showing Potomac Hill in 3.8 View from the Washington Monument, 1900 11 the Mid-ground 19 4.1 Inventory of Contributing Landscape Features 31 3.9 Plan of the Naval Hospital, 1912 11 4.3 Maury Circle Drive with Parking 21 3.10 Plan of the Naval Hospital, 1920 12 4.4 23rd Street Concrete Wall Looking Northwest 22 3.11 Naval Hospital and Adjacent Grounds, 1932 12 4.5 Burr Oaks Along Maury Circle 23 List of Images 3.12 Grand Staircase from E Street 13 4.6 White Oak Tree Between Buildings 3 and 5 23 3.13 North View of Potomac Annex from the E 4.7 Nineteenth Century Depiction of the Naval 1.1 1792 L’Enfant Plan of Washington 1 Street Expressway, 1960s 14 Observatory 23 1.2 Site Vicinity 2 3.14 Hygienic Laboratory, 1904 14 4.8 Benjamin Rush Statue and Flagpole at Maury 1.3 Study Area 3 3.15 1909 Baist Map 15 Circle 24 3.1 1844 Strickland Plan of the Naval Observatory 7 3.16 Detail of 1916 Bird's Eye View of Washington, 4.9 Ca. 1865 View of the Observatory from Present- 3.2 Map of the U.S. Naval Observatory Grounds, D.C. 15 day Rosslyn, Virginia 24 ca. 1873 8 3.17 Aerial View of the Hygienic Laboratory, ca. 4.10 View of Georgetown from Potomac Hill 25 3.3 South View of Tree-lined Allée, 1888 9 1920 15 4.11 View from Potomac Annex Toward the 3.4 Southeast View of the Observatory, post Civil 3.18 1939 Baist Map 16 Washington Monument 25 War 9 3.19 1951 Aerial View of Potomac Hill 18 4.12 View from Potomac Annex to Arlington 3.5 Brick Patio with Herringbone Pattern, 3.20 1964 Aerial View of Potomac Hill Showing the National Cemetery 25 ca. 1888 9 E Street Freeway 918 4.13 View toward Potomac Hill from Arlington 3.6 Wrought Iron Grillwork with Gas Light at the 4.1 1791 L'Enfant Dotted Line Map Showing the National Cemetery 25 Naval Observatory Building 9 Original Topography of Potomac Hill 19 4.14 View of the Quadrangle from the Central Building 27 U.S. General Services Administration iii Potomac Hill Campus Draft Final Historic Landscape Assessment– January 2015 List of Images 4.15 View of the North Building, Flagpole, and Stairs from E Street 28 4.16 Eastern Retaining Wall, Looking Southwest 29 4.17 Flowerbeds and Plantings Along the Façade of the East Building 29 4.18 Flowerbeds and Hedgerow Along the Quadrangle 29 4.19 View from the South Building Terrace Toward the Lincoln Memorial 30 4.20 Natural Systems and Topography Map 32 4.21 Land Use Map 33 4.22 Spatial Organization Map 33 4.23 Circulation Systems Map 34 4.24 Vegetation Map 34 4.25 Small-scale Feature Map 35 4.26 Views from Potomac Hill Map 35 4.27 Views toward Potomac Hill Map 36 U.S. General Services Administration iv Potomac Hill Campus Draft Final Historic Landscape Assessment– January 2015 its contribution to Naval and United States Contributing landscape features include: history, though preparation of a form Executive documenting Building 2 and establishing • topography boundaries did not occur until 1977 (listed in • land use • circulation 1978). A draft NRHP nomination for the Old • spatial organization Naval Observatory Historic District was Summary • vegetation prepared in 1993 by GSA, though never formally • small-scale features, and On behalf of the United States General Services submitted for listing in the NRHP. The west • views and vistas. Administration (GSA) and the Department of portion of Potomac Hill, Navy Hill, is also an State (DOS), the Goody Clancy Berger Joint NRHP-eligible historic district. In 2010 GSA The majority of the landscape features identified Venture (GCB) completed a survey and prepared an NRHP form for the E Street at Navy Hill date from the turn of the twentieth evaluation of the Potomac Hill landscape in Complex Historic District, though it was never century through 1961. At Navy Hill the periods of Washington, D.C. This study will be used in formally submitted for listing. A revised use are: support of GSA’s ongoing cultural resource nomination will be completed during the management program and in the development preparation of the Master Plan, combining the • Hygienic Laboratory/National Institutes of a Master Plan for Potomac Hill’s future two NRHP-eligible districts into a single historic of Health (1901-1940) development. It partially fulfills GSA’s district. • Coordinator of Information/Office of responsibility under Sections 106 and 110 of the Strategic Services (1941-1945) The historic landscape survey for Potomac Hill National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). • Central Intelligence Agency (1946-1961), was limited to resources within the property The objective of this study was to identify and now in custody and control of GSA and did not landscape features, such as roads, paths, • Central Intelligence Agency and State include Quarters AA, BB, or CC (U.S. Navy) or designated open spaces, and other elements Department (1962-present). Buildings 6 and 7 (U.S. Institute of Peace), that have not been previously defined by cultural though these buildings are included within the Contributing landscape features include: resources studies, and determine if the features NRHP boundaries of the Old Naval Observatory are contributing resources to the Old Naval • topography Historic District. Features were evaluated as Observatory and E Street Complex Historic • land use contributing or non-contributing elements to Districts. • spatial organization, and their associated districts. • views and vistas. Potomac Hill encompasses 11.8 acres near the At Potomac Annex the landscape survey intersection of 23rd and E streets NW in identified features from various periods of use: downtown Washington, D.C. The campus was historically divided into two areas, now referred • the Old Naval Observatory (1842-1893) to as Potomac Annex and Navy Hill. The east • the Naval Museum of Hygiene, Hospital half of the campus, Potomac Annex, is a and Medical School (1894-1942), and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)- • the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery eligible historic district that also contains one (1942-present).
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