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This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from the King’S Research Portal At This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The African Catholic Church under the Vandals, 429-533. Parsons, Jonathan Kendall The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 08. Oct. 2021 JONATKAJ LEIDALL PARSONS TUB lYRICAl CATHOLIC CHURCH UJDBR ThE YAIDA1S, 429-533 Ph.D thesis lings College. University of London 19- -1- (LONDON TKESIS ABSTHCT This thesis is concerned with the history of the African Catholic Church under Vandal doilnation (429-533). In the investigation of this subject three theses predo3inate; firstly, the relations between the Catholic Church and their new rulers, the Vandals, who were ainly Lrian. While Gaiseric's conquest and his dominance of the westeri. Xediterranean severed political relations between Jorth Africa and the Roman Empire, the cultural and religious links between the Cathol.c Church in Iorth Africa and the rest of the Roman Empire nant that the Catholic Church represented both an internal and, indirectly, an external threat to the stability of the Vandal kingdom. This thesis sets out to show that although the policy of all Vandal kings until Kilderic (523-30) was to persecute Catholics, the nature and extent of this persecution was often conditioned by domastic and external political factors. This is best seen in the case of the reign of Runeric (477-84). The second thema is concerned with how the Church and its mbers reacted and responded to the conditions in which they found theelves. By looking in detail at Victor of Vita's Historla Fersecutionis, the Liber de Pramissi oni bus Dei, the works of Fulgentius and other writings, it can be seen that although there is an element of pessimism and self-reproachment in them, these works adopt an often virulent anti-Lrian and -Vandal rhetoric and show a great concern f or coabatting Arian arguments as the essential means of maintaining faith and cohesion within the Catholic Church. -2- The third these concerns the Church's fortunes as an institution and how it adapted in order to cope with changes in conditions which varied fros region to region. It shows how circutances in the Vandal period had exacerbated existing differences within the Catholic Church, but also how they had helped to prepare it to defend its integrity in opposition to imperial demands under Byzantine rule. -3- COITEITS Abbreviations 6 Foreword 10 IITRO.PUCTION 11 CEIPTER 1 : Historical introduction: the African Church up to the Vandal invasion. 27 Chapter 1 notes and appendix 47 CBAFT.ER 2: The Vandal invasion and the establisknt of the Vandal kiugdo and Arian Church in Africa. a) The Vandal invasion and the establishment of the Vandal kingdom. 61. b) Gaiseric and the establishment of Arianism in the Vandal kingdom. 74 C) Galseric's relations with the Catholic Church. 81 d) The ecclesiastical organisation and teaching of the Arians in the Vandal kingdom. 94 Chapter 2 notes and appendix. 101 CHAPTER 3 : Reactions of the Catholic Church to the Vandal invasion and dondnation. a) Augustine and after. 128 b) The reactions and responses of Catholic writers and preachers. 135 Chapter 3 notes and appendix. 160 GH&PTER 4 : Victor of Vita's Historia persecutionis and the reign of Huneric. 180 Chapter 4 notes. 199 CHAPTXf 5: The historical context of Huneric' s persecution of the Catholic Church. a) Huneric's early years. 210 b) The African context of Huneric's reign and his oppression -4- of the Catholic Church. 223 C) The afternth of the conference and the persecution of 484. 239 Chapter 5 notes. 249 CHAFTEI 6: The Ioti tia Provinciarui and the state of the Catholic Church in the 480's. 262 Chapter 6 notes. 280 CHAPTER?: Pulgentius the bishop and churchleader: insights into the African Catholic Church in the later Vandal period. a) The Vita Fulgentil. 289 b) The Church in Byzacena. 297 C) The nature and effect of Fulgentius' eloquence. 311 d) A Catholic leader and a Vandal king in confrontation: Fulgentius' debate with king Thrasanund. 323 Chapter 7 notes. 339 CHAPTER 8 : Consolidation and conflict: the African Catholic Church, 523-553. 369 a) The Council of Carthage of 525. 372 b) The differences between Carthage and Byzacena. 380 c) The Council of Carthage 525, the Three Chapters controversy and conciliarism. 386 Chapter 8 notes. 402 coicusioi 413 p : The Ron provinces of Jorth Africa on the eve of the Vandal invasion. 425 Bibliography of priry sources 426 Bi bliograpby of secondazy sources 439 -5- AEBREY liT lOIS The abbreviations used for periodicals are in accordance with those used in L'Année Philologique. The following abbreviations will also be used:- BEFLR Bibliotheque des écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Roae. Blockley The Pragientary Classicising Historians of the later Ron Hpire. Eunapius, O1ypiodorus, Fi-iscus and Xalc.hus (Liverpool, 1981-3). CCSL Corpus Christianoru2. Series Latina (Turnout, 1953- ). GIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Consillo et auctoritate Academiac Litteraruia Regine Borussicae edituE (Berlin, 1863- ). Caurtois C. Gourtois Les Vandales et l'Afrique (Algiers, 1955). CSBL Corpus Scrlptorua Mccl esiasticorum Latinorua (Vienna, 1866- ). DUGE Dictionnaire d'listoire et de geographic ecclCsiastique (Paris, 1912- ). FHG Fragenta Historicorum Graecoru (Paris, 1841- 84). GCS Di. griecbischen christlichen Schriftsteller der •.rsten drel .Iahrhunderte (Leipzig-Berlin, 1899- 1975). ILCV Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres -6- ed.E.Diehl 1 (Berlin, 1925). Isola L.Isola I cristiani dell'Af.rica vandalica nei serones del teo (429-534) Edizioni ULiversitaris .Iaca 74 (Rose, 1991). Lancel Actes S.Lancel (ed,) Actes de la conference de Carthage en 411 1-4 SC 194-6, 373 (Paris, 1972, 1991). Xaier J.-L.Xaier L'Hpiscopat de l'Afrique romaine, vandale et byzantine Bibliotheca Helvetica Rona 11 (Roma, 1973). Jiandouze L.Xandouze Prosopographie de .Z'Afrique chrCtienne (303-533) Prosopographie chrétienne du Bas-Bpire 1 (Paris, 1982). Jansi J.-D.Xansi (ed.) Sacrorum Conciliorum Omnium lova et Awplissima Collectio (Venice, 1759-98). XGH Nonumenta Germaniae Historica ed. Societas Aperiendis Pontibus Rerun Gerzanicaru* a.a. = Auctores Antiquac (Berlin, 1878-1919). s.r.. = Soriptores Rerum Kerovingiarum (Berlin, 1885-1920). Iotitia lotitia Provinciarum et Ciritatum Africae IGH a.a.3.1 ed.C.Hala (Berlin, 1879) 63-71. Fasslo Septea Nartyrum Passia Beatissirua NartyruaXGH a.a.3.1 ed..C.Ka]R (Vienna, 1879) 59-62. Pewesin V.Pewesin Imperium, Ecciesia Universalis, 2cm. Der Lazpf des afrikaniscben lirche vi di. N.itte des 6. Jahrbunderts Porechungen zur lirchen- und -7- Geistesgeschlchte 11 (Stuttgart, 1937). PG Patrologiae Cursus Completus Oniva SS.Patrum, Doctoru2, Scriptoruieque Ecciesiasticorum. Series Graeca ed.J-P.Xigne (Paris, 1857-66). PL Fatrologiae Cursus Completus Omniui SS.Patrui, Doctorum, Scriptoruque Ecclesiasticoru2. Series Latina ed.J.-P.Xigne (Paris, 1878-90). PLRR J.Lartindale (ed.) Prosopography of the Later Ron Empire 2 (Cambridge, 1980). PLS Patrologiae Latixaae Supp1eentued.L.Ramman (Paris, 1958- ). Procopius Vars Procopius History of the Vars, Books III and IV tr.H.B.Dewing vol.2 (London-Jew York, 1916), page numbers in brackets. RB Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Altertumwissenschaft ed.G.Vissowa et al. (Stuttgart-Xunich, 1894-1972). SC Sources Chrétiennes (Paris, 1947- ). Thiel L.Thiel (ed.) Epistolae Ro.norum Fontificum Genuinae et quae ad sos scriptae sunt a S.Hi.Zario usque ad Felagiva II 1 (Brunsberg, 1868). VF G.-G.Lapeyre (ed.) Fez-rand. Vie de saint Fulgence de Ruspe (Paris, 1929). (Ron nurals following VP refer to the introduction. Lrabic nurals refer to the chapter and sentence according to the divisions -8- and punctuation eiiployed by Lapeyre followed by the page number in brackets). Victor Victor of Vita Historla Persecutionis Africanee Provinciae XGH a.a.31 ed.C.Kala (Berlin, 1879). See also CSBL 7 ed. LPetschenig (Vienna, 1881), an edition composed independently and siultanaously. -9- Foreword I should like to thank Professor Averil Caron without whose prolonged professional and ral support this thesis would never have been completed. I should also like to thank Xiss Brenda Bolton for her help and advice over the years. Also indispensable has been the support of my parents, my brothers and sister and my friend, Ruth. They have contributed in innumerable ways. 1 hope this is a just reward for their patience. Finally, I should like to thank my friends from Carus-Vilson Hall for all their help. I should also like to thank the British Academy for providing me with a )(ajor State Studentship and the British School at Rome for giving me a three-nth Grant in Aid of Research which allowed me to pursue my research in the libraries and archives of Rome.
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