Animal Emotions
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Neural Correlates of Personality Dimensions and Affective Measures During the Anticipation of Emotional Stimuli
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Brain Imaging and Behavior (2011) 5:86–96 DOI 10.1007/s11682-011-9114-7 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Neural correlates of personality dimensions and affective measures during the anticipation of emotional stimuli Annette Beatrix Brühl & Marie-Caroline Viebke & Thomas Baumgartner & Tina Kaffenberger & Uwe Herwig Published online: 25 January 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Neuroticism and extraversion are proposed per- measures. Neuroticism-related regions were partially cross- sonality dimensions for individual emotion processing. correlated with anxiety and depression and vice versa. Neuroticism is correlated with depression and anxiety Extraversion-related activity was not correlated with the disorders, implicating a common neurobiological basis. other measures. The neural correlates of extraversion Extraversion is rather inversely correlated with anxiety and compared with those of neuroticism and affective measures depression. We examined neural correlates of personality in fit with concepts of different neurobiological bases of the relation to depressiveness and anxiety in healthy adult personality dimensions and point at predispositions for subjects with functional magnetic resonance imaging affective disorders. during the cued anticipation of emotional stimuli. Distrib- uted particularly prefrontal but also other cortical regions Keywords Extraversion . Neuroticism . Emotion and the thalamus were associated with extraversion. processing . fMRI . Affective disorders Parieto-occipital and temporal regions and subcortically the caudate were correlated with neuroticism and affective Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11682-011-9114-7) contains supplementary material, The relation between personality dimensions and affective which is available to authorized users. -
Interpersonal Attraction
Dr K Williams 11/19/07 Interpersonal Attraction Psych 240; Fall 2007 Purdue University Prof. Kipling Williams Initial Attraction: What matters at first? Propinquity (we like those who live/work near us; mere exposure) Physical Attractiveness (we like those who are physically attractive; halo, rewards, kernel of truth; evolutionary signs of health and reproductive advantage) Similarity/Complementarity (we like those who are similar to us—it’s rewarding; complementarity of needs) Responsiveness (we like those who are responsive to us; signals belonging, worth, and control) Reciprocal liking (we like those who like us—it’s rewarding) Interpersonal Attraction 1 Dr K Williams 11/19/07 Propinquity Festinger, Schachter & Back (1959)’s “Social pressures in informal groups: A study of human factors in housing” Zajonc’s (1968) “Attitudinal effects of mere exposure” (JPSP) “Mirror exposure” - we like our reflection view better than the view that others see of us; and vice versa. Moreland & Beach’s (1992) “Exposure effects in the classroom…” (JESP) Physical Attractiveness Walster, Aronson, Abrahams & Rottman, 1966: Computer Dating paradigm Take a battery of measures of personality SES interests physical attractiveness Randomly pair college students with person of opposite sex. Asked them to rate their date Only one factor predicted liking and intention to ask out again…physical attractiveness (for males & females!) How about after the fifth date? (Mathes, 1975) Interpersonal Attraction 2 Dr K Williams 11/19/07 Physical Attractiveness How ubiquitous? In the courtroom less likely to be found guilty; if guilty, lighter sentence (except if used to commit crime) In job applications More likely to be hired even for jobs in which appearance could have no conceivable relationship to job performance Class project (High, Med, Low Phys Attractiveness X High, Med, Low Qualifications) • Which matters most? Physical Attractiveness How ubiquitous? With children They are more popular, better liked by parents, teachers, and peers. -
Tor Wager Diana L
Tor Wager Diana L. Taylor Distinguished Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences Dartmouth College Email: [email protected] https://wagerlab.colorado.edu Last Updated: July, 2019 Executive summary ● Appointments: Faculty since 2004, starting as Assistant Professor at Columbia University. Associate Professor in 2009, moved to University of Colorado, Boulder in 2010; Professor since 2014. 2019-Present: Diana L. Taylor Distinguished Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Dartmouth College. ● Publications: 240 publications with >50,000 total citations (Google Scholar), 11 papers cited over 1000 times. H-index = 79. Journals include Science, Nature, New England Journal of Medicine, Nature Neuroscience, Neuron, Nature Methods, PNAS, Psychological Science, PLoS Biology, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Nature Reviews Neurology, Nature Medicine, Journal of Neuroscience. ● Funding: Currently principal investigator on 3 NIH R01s, and co-investigator on other collaborative grants. Past funding sources include NIH, NSF, Army Research Institute, Templeton Foundation, DoD. P.I. on 4 R01s, 1 R21, 1 RC1, 1 NSF. ● Awards: Awards include NSF Graduate Fellowship, MacLean Award from American Psychosomatic Society, Colorado Faculty Research Award, “Rising Star” from American Psychological Society, Cognitive Neuroscience Society Young Investigator Award, Web of Science “Highly Cited Researcher”, Fellow of American Psychological Society. Two patents on research products. ● Outreach: >300 invited talks at universities/international conferences since 2005. Invited talks in Psychology, Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Psychiatry, Neurology, Anesthesiology, Radiology, Medical Anthropology, Marketing, and others. Media outreach: Featured in New York Times, The Economist, NPR (Science Friday and Radiolab), CBS Evening News, PBS special on healing, BBC, BBC Horizons, Fox News, 60 Minutes, others. -
Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience
Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience: From Circuitry to Network and Behavior Monday, Jun 18: 8:00 AM - 9:15 AM 1835 Symposium Monday - Symposia AM Using a multi-disciplinary approach integrating cognitive, EEG/ERP and fMRI techniques and advanced analytic methods, the four speakers in this symposium investigate neurocognitive processes underlying nuanced cognitive and affective functions in humans. the neural basis of changing social norms through persuasion using carefully designed behavioral paradigms and functional MRI technique; Yuejia Luo will describe how high temporal resolution EEG/ERPs predict dynamical profiles of distinct neurocognitive stages involved in emotional negativity bias and its reciprocal interactions with executive functions such as working memory; Yongjun Yu conducts innovative behavioral experiments in conjunction with fMRI and computational modeling approaches to dissociate interactive neural signals involved in affective decision making; and Shaozheng Qin applies fMRI with simultaneous recording skin conductance and advanced analytic approaches (i.e., MVPA, network dynamics) to determine neural representational patterns and subjects can modulate resting state networks, and also uses graph theory network activity levels to delineate dynamic changes in large-scale brain network interactions involved in complex interplay of attention, emotion, memory and executive systems. These talks will provide perspectives on new ways to study brain circuitry and networks underlying interactions between affective and cognitive functions and how to best link the insights from behavioral experiments and neuroimaging studies. Objective Having accomplished this symposium or workshop, participants will be able to: 1. Learn about the latest progress of innovative research in the field of cognitive and affective neuroscience; 2. Learn applications of multimodal brain imaging techniques (i.e., EEG/ERP, fMRI) into understanding human cognitive and affective functions in different populations. -
Emotional Reactivity, Self-Control and Children's Hostile Attributions Over
COGNITION AND EMOTION, 2015 Vol. 29, No. 4, 592–603, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.924906 Emotional reactivity, self-control and children’s hostile attributions over middle childhood Jackie A. Nelson1 and Nicole B. Perry2 1School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA 2Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA Hostile attribution bias, a child’s tendency to interpret ambiguous social information as threatening or hostile, has been discussed as an important point in which social, emotional and cognitive information intersect. This study explores the natural changes that occur in children’shostile attributions across three grades during middle childhood and examines how emotional reactivity and self-control at third, fourth and fifth grade independently and interactively relate to these trajectories. Participants included 919 children whose mothers reported on their emotional reactivity, whose teachers reported on their self-control and who completed an attribution bias interview, all at grades 3, 4 and 5. Results revealed that among children with a greater tendency to make hostile attributions at third grade, lower self-control at third grade was associated with greater initial hostile attribution bias and less decline in biases over time. Additionally, greater emotional reactivity at fourth grade was associated with declines in these children’s hostile attributions, but only when self-control was also higher at fourth grade. Keywords: Social information processing; Hostile attribution bias; Emotional reactivity; Self-control; Middle childhood. More than a decade ago, Lemerise and Arsenio emotional reactivity and regulation (e.g., Crick & (2000) hypothesised that social information pro- Dodge, 1994; Eisenberg & Fabes, 1992), little cessing (SIP) was an important context in which empirical research has tested the intersection of to explore the intersection of emotion, cognition these three social processes. -
About Emotions There Are 8 Primary Emotions. You Are Born with These
About Emotions There are 8 primary emotions. You are born with these emotions wired into your brain. That wiring causes your body to react in certain ways and for you to have certain urges when the emotion arises. Here is a list of primary emotions: Eight Primary Emotions Anger: fury, outrage, wrath, irritability, hostility, resentment and violence. Sadness: grief, sorrow, gloom, melancholy, despair, loneliness, and depression. Fear: anxiety, apprehension, nervousness, dread, fright, and panic. Joy: enjoyment, happiness, relief, bliss, delight, pride, thrill, and ecstasy. Interest: acceptance, friendliness, trust, kindness, affection, love, and devotion. Surprise: shock, astonishment, amazement, astound, and wonder. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn, aversion, distaste, and revulsion. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin, remorse, regret, and contrition. All other emotions are made up by combining these basic 8 emotions. Sometimes we have secondary emotions, an emotional reaction to an emotion. We learn these. Some examples of these are: o Feeling shame when you get angry. o Feeling angry when you have a shame response (e.g., hurt feelings). o Feeling fear when you get angry (maybe you’ve been punished for anger). There are many more. These are NOT wired into our bodies and brains, but are learned from our families, our culture, and others. When you have a secondary emotion, the key is to figure out what the primary emotion, the feeling at the root of your reaction is, so that you can take an action that is most helpful. . -
Anger, Murder, Adultery and Lust!
Mind Blown Lesson 2: Anger, Murder, Adultery and Lust! [Reader: group leader] We’re in the second lesson of a series on the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5, 6 and 7). Jesus was the preacher of that sermon, and He said some pretty mind-blowing things. In the first study we read how Jesus said the whole Old Testament centered around Him. Imagine some preacher telling you that in this day and age. Your reaction might be something like that of the kids in this video whose parent hadn’t told them the identity of Darth Vader. Watch Mind=Blown Star Wars Video In this lesson, we’ll see what Jesus has to say about murder, anger, adultery and lust. Hint: It’s not just going to be mind-blowing; it’s going to be completely counter-cultural! But first, let’s be a little counter-cultural ourselves and open in prayer. [Leader prays.] Part 1: MURDER, HATRED, REVENGE AND ANGER [Reader: person with the longest hair)] Here’s what Jesus’ had to say about murder in the Sermon on the Mount: “You have heard that our ancestors were told, ‘You must not murder. If you commit murder, you are subject to judgment.’ But I say, if you are even angry with someone, you are subject to judgment! If you call someone an idiot, you are in danger of being brought before the court. And if you curse someone, you are in danger of the fires of hell. So if you are presenting a sacrifice at the alter in the Temple and you suddenly remember that someone has something against you, leave your sacrifice there at the alter. -
How Should Neuroscience Study Emotions? by Distinguishing Emotion States, Concepts, and Experiences Ralph Adolphs
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Caltech Authors - Main Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2017, 24–31 doi: 10.1093/scan/nsw153 Advance Access Publication Date: 19 October 2016 Original article How should neuroscience study emotions? by distinguishing emotion states, concepts, and experiences Ralph Adolphs Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, HSS 228-77, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this debate with Lisa Feldman Barrett, I defend a view of emotions as biological functional states. Affective neuroscience studies emotions in this sense, but it also studies the conscious experience of emotion (‘feelings’), our ability to attribute emotions to others and to animals (‘attribution’, ‘anthropomorphizing’), our ability to think and talk about emotion (‘concepts of emotion’, ‘semantic knowledge of emotion’) and the behaviors caused by an emotion (‘expression of emotions’, ‘emotional reactions’). I think that the most pressing challenge facing affective neuroscience is the need to carefully distinguish between these distinct aspects of ‘emotion’. I view emotion states as evolved functional states that regulate complex behavior, in both people and animals, in response to challenges that instantiate recurrent environmental themes. These functional states, in turn, can also cause conscious experiences (feelings), and their effects and our memories for those effects also contribute to our semantic -
Lust in Order to Organize the Way That We Go Through the 7 Deadly Sins, We Will Follow the Pattern That Dante
7 Deadly Sins: Lust In order to organize the way that we go through the 7 deadly sins, we will follow the pattern that Dante gave us in the Purgatory. In the poem, he is being led in a vision through purgatory and he sees it as a vast mountain, near the bottom are the worst sins and near the top the lesser sins. The penitents climb the mountain, leaving sins behind and eventually attaining heaven. We are actually going to go backwards, down the mountain, starting with the lesser sins and working our way to the more grave ones. The sin that, while still deadly, is considered the least, is Lust. Is Lust even a sin? (Obviously we know it is because it is one of the 7 deadly sins, but suspend belief with me for a moment.) It seems as though perhaps it is not a sin. After all, lust is not an action, it is not hurting anybody else, but it is a feeling. Typically, a sin is an action that we willfully carry out. We cannot be judged by what tempts us, after all, Our Lord was tempted in the desert for 40 days and we know that he never sinned. However, Our Lord also says this, “27 You have heard that it was said to them of old: Thou shalt not commit adultery. 28 But I say to you, that whosoever shall look on a woman to lust after her, hath already committed adultery with her in his heart.” This is a part of the Sermon on the Mount, in which Jesus teaches us how to take the law, the rules and precepts of the moral life, and inscribe those rules on our hearts. -
Acute Stress Disorder
Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders: Developments for ICD-11 Andreas Maercker, MD PhD Professor of Psychopathology, University of Zurich and materials prepared and provided by Geoffrey Reed, PhD, WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Connuing Medical Educaon Commercial Disclosure Requirement • I, Andreas Maercker, have the following commercial relaonships to disclose: – Aardorf Private Psychiatric Hospital, Switzerland, advisory board – Springer, book royales Members of the Working Group • Christopher Brewin (UK) Organizational representatives • Richard Bryant (AU) • Mark van Ommeren (WHO) • Marylene Cloitre (US) • Augusto E. Llosa (Médecins Sans Frontières) • Asma Humayun (PA) • Renato Olivero Souza (ICRC) • Lynne Myfanwy Jones (UK/KE) • Inka Weissbecker (Intern. Medical Corps) • Ashraf Kagee (ZA) • Andreas Maercker (chair) (CH) • Cecile Rousseau (CA) WHO scientists and consultant • Dayanandan Somasundaram (LK) • Geoffrey Reed • Yuriko Suzuki (JP) • Mark van Ommeren • Simon Wessely (UK) • Michael B. First WHO Constuencies 1. Member Countries – Required to report health stascs to WHO according to ICD – ICD categories used as basis for eligibility and payment of health care, social, and disability benefits and services 2. Health Workers – Mulple mental health professions – ICD must be useful for front-line providers of care in idenfying and treang mental disorders 3. Service Users – ‘Nothing about us without us!’ – Must provide opportunies for substanve, early, and connuing input ICD Revision Orienting Principles 1. Highest goal is to help WHO member countries reduce disease burden of mental and behavioural disorders: relevance of ICD to public health 2. Focus on clinical utility: facilitate identification and treatment by global front-line health workers 3. Must be undertaken in collaboration with stakeholders: countries, health professionals, service users/consumers and families 4. -
Executing Risk-Based LUST Site Closures in R10 Indian Country
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION 10 1200 Sixth Avenue, Suite 900 Seattle, WA 98101-3140 OFFICE OF COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT Reply To: OCE-082 MEMORANDUM SUBJECT: Executing Risk-Based LUST Site Closures in R10 Indian Country FROM: Rob Rau, Ground Water Unit TO: Interested Parties Purpose and Statement of Problem: The purpose of this memo is to provide guidance in executing risk-based leaking underground storage tank (LUST) site closures in Region 10 Indian Country based on human health considerations. It is also intended to promote a consistent decision making process that can address unique site considerations and circumstances. Closing LUST sites that do not meet lookup cleanup concentrations may range from the use of formal risk assessment procedures with the imposition of institutional controls such as deed restrictions, to making a best professional judgment determination that a site does not pose an adverse health risk based on the evaluation of a conceptual site model developed from site-specific data. With this understanding, Region 10 recognizes that between a clean site closure and a comprehensive site-specific risk assessment there is a continuum of activities that could comprise a risk-based closure strategy. In general however, more robust and thorough scientific site evaluations are always preferred, and it is generally not appropriate to close a contaminated site that does not meet cleanup standards simply because it is “good enough” or because it is not practical to do more cleanup. Since few risk-based LUST site closures have been completed at EPA-lead sites, and many questions remain regarding technical implementation and policy decisions, this memo should be regarded as a “living” document, and reevaluated and updated regularly as additional policy decisions are made both regionally and nationally. -
Fear, Anger, and Risk
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Copyright 2001 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 2001. Vol. 81. No. 1, 146-159 O022-3514/01/$5.O0 DOI. 10.1037//O022-3514.81.1.146 Fear, Anger, and Risk Jennifer S. Lemer Dacher Keltner Carnegie Mellon University University of California, Berkeley Drawing on an appraisal-tendency framework (J. S. Lerner & D. Keltner, 2000), the authors predicted and found that fear and anger have opposite effects on risk perception. Whereas fearful people expressed pessimistic risk estimates and risk-averse choices, angry people expressed optimistic risk estimates and risk-seeking choices. These opposing patterns emerged for naturally occurring and experimentally induced fear and anger. Moreover, estimates of angry people more closely resembled those of happy people than those of fearful people. Consistent with predictions, appraisal tendencies accounted for these effects: Appraisals of certainty and control moderated and (in the case of control) mediated the emotion effects. As a complement to studies that link affective valence to judgment outcomes, the present studies highlight multiple benefits of studying specific emotions. Judgment and decision research has begun to incorporate affect In the present studies we follow the valence tradition by exam- into what was once an almost exclusively cognitive field (for ining the striking influence that feelings can have on normatively discussion, see Lerner & Keltner, 2000; Loewenstein & Lerner, in unrelated judgments and choices. We diverge in an important way, press; Loewenstein, Weber, Hsee, & Welch, 2001; Lopes, 1987; however, by focusing on the influences of specific emotions rather Mellers, Schwartz, Ho, & Ritov, 1997). To date, most judgment than on global negative and positive affect (see also Bodenhausen, and decision researchers have taken a valence-based approach to Sheppard, & Kramer, 1994; DeSteno et al, 2000; Keltner, Ells- affect, contrasting the influences of positive-affect traits and states worth, & Edwards, 1993; Lerner & Keltner, 2000).