DOCSLIB.ORG

This Study Reconstructs the Historical Pontius Pilate and Looks at the Way in Which He Is Used As a Literary Character in the Wo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Study Reconstructs the Historical Pontius Pilate and Looks at the Way in Which He Is Used As a Literary Character in the Wo This study reconstructs the historical Pontius Pilate and looks at the way in which he is used as a literary character in the works of six first-century authors: Philo, Josephus and the four evangelists. The first chapter provides an introduction to the history and formation of the imperial Roman province of Judaea. The following two chapters examine the references to Pilate in Philo and Josephus, looking at each author's biases before going on to assess the historicity of their accounts. The next four chapters consider the portrayal of Pilate in each gospel, asking how a first- century reader would have interpreted his actions. Each chapter asks what this portrayal shows about the author's attitude towards the Roman state, and what kind of community found this useful. The conclusion distin- guishes between the 'historical Pilate' and the different Tilates of inter- pretation' preserved in our first-century literary sources. Helen K. Bond is Lecturer in New Testament at the University of Aberdeen. Her other publications include The Allegro Qumran Collection (in collaboration with George G. Brooke, 1996). SOCIETY FOR NEW TESTAMENT STUDIES MONOGRAPH SERIES General Editor: Richard Bauckham 100 PONTIUS PILATE IN HISTORY AND INTERPRETATION Pontius Pilate in history and interpretation HELEN K. BOND CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org © Helen K. Bond 1998 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1998 Reprinted 1999, 2000 First paperback edition 2004 Typeset in Times 10/12 pt [CE] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Bond, Helen K. (Helen Katharine) Pontius Pilate in history and interpretation / Helen K. Bond. p. cm. - (Monograph series / Society for New Testament Studies: 100) Based on the author's thesis (doctoral) - Durham University. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 63114 9 (hardback) 1. Pilate, Pontius, 1st cent. 2. Governors - Palestine — Biography. 3. Jews - History - 168 BC-135 AD. 4. Philo, of Alexandria - Contributions in the biography of Pontius Pilate. 5. Josephus, Flavius - Contributions in the biography of Pontius Pilate. 6. Bible. N.T. Gospels - Criticism, interpretation, etc. 7. Jesus Christ - Trial. I. Title. II. Series: Monograph series (Society for New Testament Studies): 100. DS122.B66 1998 933'05'092-dc21 97-45970 CIP ISBN 0 521 63114 9 hardback ISBN 0 521 61620 4 paperback Transferred to digital printing 2004 To Evelyn, John and David Bond With love and thanks CONTENTS Preface page xi Acknowledgements xxi Abbreviations xxii Map of the Roman province of Judaea, 6-41 CE xxvi 1 Pontius Pilate and the Roman province of Judaea 1 2 Pilate in Philo 24 The theology behind Philo's historical works 27 Political rhetoric 33 Philo's Pilate 36 The historical event 36 Conclusion 47 3 Pilate in Josephus 49 The Jewish War 49 Pilate in the Jewish War 52 Rhetorical themes within the two stories 54 The characterization of Pilate in the War 57 Summary 62 The Antiquities of the Jews 62 Pilate in the Antiquities of the Jews 65 Rhetorical themes behind the Pilate narratives in the Antiquities 69 The characterization of Pilate in the Antiquities 74 Summary 78 The historical events 78 Conclusion 93 4 Pilate in Mark's gospel 94 Mark's passion narrative 95 IX Contents Context 97 Markan themes culminating in the passion narrative 99 The characterization of Pilate in Mark 103 Conclusion 117 5 Pilate in Matthew's gospel 120 Matthew's sources 123 Matthew's special interests reflected in his redaction of Mark 15.1-15 124 The characterization of Pilate in Matthew 129 Matthew's use of fjye/icbv 135 Conclusion 136 6 Pilate in Luke-Acts 138 Luke's sources 140 Lukan themes influencing the portrayal of Pilate 140 The characterization of Pilate in Luke 150 Conclusion 159 7 Pilate in John's gospel 163 John's sources 165 Johannine themes culminating in the trial before Pilate 166 The characterization of Pilate 174 The Roman trial 175 Conclusion 192 8 Historical events behind the gospel narratives 194 Historical events behind Luke 13.1 194 The historical trial of Jesus 196 9 Conclusion 203 Bibliography 208 Index of texts cited 227 Index of modern authors 243 Index of main subjects 247 PREFACE That Jesus of Nazareth was crucified under Pontius Pilate, the fifth prefect of the imperial Roman province of Judaea, is one of the surest facts of Christianity; it is attested not only by the earliest Christian traditions but also by the Roman historian Tacitus {Annals 15.44). As the judge of Jesus, Pilate has earned an important place both in the New Testament and Christian creeds and also in popular imagination. The picture of an official washing his hands in an attempt to avoid responsibility and the eternally unanswerable question 'What is truth?' (John 18.38) are inextric- ably linked with Pilate, even by those who profess little or no Christian commitment. In view of Pilate's significance it is not surprising to find many varied treatments of the historical governor over the last century, both on an academic and on a popular literary level.1 Two factors generally have influenced these presentations. First of all, the sources at the historian's disposal are relatively thin and those which are available appear to give contradictory views of Pilate. The Jewish writers Philo and Josephus describe Pilate in negative terms; a harsh, cruel man who was the enemy of the Jewish nation. The Christian gospels, however, are generally interpreted as pre- senting a governor who, although weak and indecisive, recognized the innocence of Jesus and attempted to save him from execution. To a large extent any reconstruction of the 'real Pilate' has depended upon the relative value set upon each source by the historian.2 In the second place, several influential interpretations of Pilate over the last century appear to have been coloured, whether consciously or not, by the social and political environments of 1 For material prior to 1888 see Miiller, Pontius, pp. v-viii. Full details of works referred to by author in this introduction can be found in the bibliography. 2 There are, of course, many references to Pilate in apocryphal writings but, due to limitations of space, this study will look at first-century sources only. XI xii Preface their authors. Thus these Tilates' may reflect as much the writer's contemporary society as first-century Judaea under Pilate's administration. At the turn of the century the standard work on Pilate was by G. A. Miiller, Pontius Pilatus, der funfte Prokurator von Judda und Richter Jesu von Nazareth published in Stuttgart in 1888. Miiller's favourable view of the governor was largely based on Pilate's portrayal in the gospels and tended to dismiss the testimony of the Jewish writers as tendentious. Despite E. Schiirer's picture of a contemptuous, intolerant and reckless Pilate in his Geschichte des judischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi (1886-1890), it was Miiller's interpretation which was taken up and developed in Germany by E. von Dobschiitz (1904) and H. Peter (1907). Pilate was seen as a reasonably able governor finding himself faced with a series of difficult situations involving a turbulent race of people in a difficult province. In Britain, A. Souter, writing an article on Pilate in 1908, similarly concluded that whilst Pilate could show a lack of tact and was not the stuff from which heroes were made, he was 'doubtlessly in many respects a competent governor'. F. Morison, writing a popular account in 1939, presented a sympathetic por- trayal of Pilate whose rule over Judaea rather resembled that of a British colonial governor. C. H. Kraeling, writing in the Harvard Theological Review in 1942, argued that Pilate's actions in at least one incident were determined by thoroughly practical considera- tions rather than an arbitrary act of provocation as the Jewish sources would have us believe.3 With few exceptions, this relatively favourable interpretation of Pilate, based largely on the character- ization of the governor in the gospel accounts, dominated the first half of the twentieth century.4 In the former Soviet Union Pilate and acts associated with him, such as the washing of hands, were particularly prominent in works 3 Kraeling, 'Episode', referring to Pilate's erection of iconic standards in Jeru- salem (Josephus, JW 2.\69-1A\ Ant. 18.55-9). See chapter 3 for fuller details. 4 One notable exception, however, was I. Broyde whose article in the Jewish Encyclopaedia (1905) emphasized Pilate's cruelty. Though less negative than Broyde, G. T. Purves in 1900 had also thought that Pilate made little effort to understand the Jews, that he was a man without high moral qualities and of a feeble character. In response to R. Eisler's Messiah (ET 1931), this period also saw several works dealing with strictly historical questions, particularly the precise dating of Pilate's administration; these offered no assessment of Pilate's competence as a governor or of his character. See, for example, Holzmeister, 'Wann'; Hedley, 'Pilate's'; de Laet, 'Successeur'. Dibelius, 'Herodes', though a theological analysis of the Lukan trial narrative, offers no characterization of Pilate.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Report of Pontius Pilate, Procurator of Judaea Sent to Rome to Tiberius Caesar
    THE REPORT OF PONTIUS PILATE, PROCURATOR OF JUDAEA SENT TO ROME TO TIBERIUS CAESAR SECOND GREEK FORM THE REPORT OF PONTIUS PILATE, PROCURATOR OF JUDAEA SENT TO ROME TO TIBERIUS CAESAR Table of Contents THE REPORT OF PONTIUS PILATE, PROCURATOR OF JUDAEA SENT TO ROME TO TIBERIUS CAESAR...............................................................................................................................................1 SECOND GREEK FORM.............................................................................................................................2 i THE REPORT OF PONTIUS PILATE, PROCURATOR OF JUDAEA SENT TO ROME TO TIBERIUS CAESAR THE REPORT OF PONTIUS PILATE, PROCURATOR OF JUDAEA SENT TO ROME TO TIBERIUS CAESAR1 THE REPORT OF PONTIUS PILATE, PROCURATOR OF JUDAEA SENT TO ROME TO TIBERIUS CAESAR SECOND GREEK FORM This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online. http://www.blackmask.com To the most mighty, venerable, awful, most divine, the august,—Pilatus Pontius, the governor of the East: I have to report to thy reverence, through this writing of mine, being seized with great trembling and fear, O most mighty emperor, the conjuncture of the present times, as the end of these things has shown. For while I, my lord, according to the commandment of thy clemency, was discharging the duties of my government, which is one of the cities of the East, Jerusalem by name, in which is built the temple of the Jewish nation, all the multitude of the Jews came together, and delivered to me a certain man named Jesus, bringing against him many and groundless charges; and they were not able to convict him in anything. And one heresy of theirs against him was, that he said that the Sabbath was not their right rest. And that man wrought many cures, in addition to good works.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Province of Judea: a Historical Overview
    BYU Studies Quarterly Volume 36 Issue 3 Article 23 7-1-1996 The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview John F. Hall Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Hall, John F. (1996) "The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview," BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. 36 : Iss. 3 , Article 23. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol36/iss3/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Studies Quarterly by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hall: The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview p d tffieffiAinelixnealxAIX romansixulalealliki glnfin ns i u1uaihiihlanilni judeatairstfsuuctfa Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 1996 1 BYU Studies Quarterly, Vol. 36, Iss. 3 [1996], Art. 23 the roman province judeaofiudeaofofjudea A historical overview john E hall the comingcoining of rome to judea romes acquisition ofofjudeajudea and subsequent involvement in the affairs of that long troubled area came about in largely indirect fashion for centuries judea had been under the control of the hel- lenilenisticstic greek monarchy centered in syria and known as the seleu- cid empire one of the successor states to the far greater empire of alexander the great who conquered the vast reaches of the persian empire toward the end of the fourth century
    [Show full text]
  • The Crucifiable Jesus
    The Crucifiable Jesus Steven Brian Pounds Peterhouse Faculty of Divinity University of Cambridge This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2019 This thesis is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my thesis has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee Steven Brian Pounds “The Crucifiable Jesus” Abstract: In recent decades, scholars have both used Jesus’ crucifixion as a criterion of historicity and employed the rhetoric of a “crucifiable Jesus”– suggesting that some historical reconstructions of Jesus more plausibly explain his crucifixion than others. This dissertation tests the grounds of these proposals, whilst offering its own reconstruction of a crucifiable Jesus. It first investigates primary source depictions of Roman crucifixion and focuses upon the offences for which crucifixions were carried out. As a first level conclusion, it determines that, in a formal sense, a bare appeal to crucifiability or to a criterion of crucifixion does not yield what it purports to deliver because a wide range of offences were punishable by crucifixion.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Answers to the Challenge of Jesus
    TWO ANSWERS TO THE CHALLENGE OF JESUS. HV w i i.i.i am WEBER. i < Continued) T1IF Cleansing of the Temple has a double aspect It was, on the one hand, an attack upon the chief priests and their allies, the scribes. On the other hand, it was a bold stroke for the re- ligions liberty of the people. From both sides there must have come an answer. His enemies could not simply ignore what happened. Unless they were ready to accept the Galilean as their master, they were compelled to think of ways and means by which to defeat him. At the same time, his friends and admirers would discuss his valiant deed and formulate certain conclusions as to his character and authority, the more so as the chief priests themselves had first broached that question in public. Thus we may expect a twofold answer to the challenge of Jesus provided the Gospels have pre-erved a complete account. The story of the Cleansing of the Temple is not continued at once. It is followed in all four Gospels by a rather copious collec- tion of sayings of Jesus. Especially the Synoptists represent him as teaching in the temple as well as on his way to and from that sanc- tuary. Those teachings consist of three groups. The first com- prises parables and sayings which are found in one Gospel only. The second contains discourses vouched tor by two oi the Gospels. The third belongs to all three. The first two groups may be put aside without any further examination because they do not form part of the common Synoptic source.
    [Show full text]
  • The Census of Quirinius. I
    274 THE CENSUS OF QUIRINIUS. I. THE difficulties caused by the association established in Luke ii. 1 between the birth of Christ and a census taken in J udma at the order of the Emperor August us are well known. Dr. Schiirer devotes thirty-four pages in his Gesch. des Jiid. Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi to the subject, and any discussion of the difficulties might properly be rested on the foundation of his learned and careful work; but it is better merely to acknowledge my debt to him, and to leave our difference of opinion unnoticed. In the Ex­ POSITOR for January, 1897, p. 72, it is mentioned that exigencies of time prevented me at the moment from stat­ ing an argument on this subject. The pledge implied may be now redeemed; and though it is obviously beyond the bounds of an article to discuss the subject as a whole, one point at least, which is of central importance, may be illustrated. The words of Luke should, as I believe, be understood thus : " There was issued a decree by Cmsar Augustus that census should be taken of the entire Roman world ; this [with which we are concerned] took place, the first census [of the series], while Quirinius was administering the province Syria." I believe that the synchronisms in Luke ii. 1, 2 and iii. 1, 2 are founded on a careful and extended study of history, and that the author wished to place Christian history in its proper position on the background of Roman history. Obviously it is impossible to maintain that view, if the first synchronism, which he establishes at such a critical point in his narrative, is a mere blunder, not merely erroneous in some detail, but involving false views in a number of essential points (as some scholars maintain).
    [Show full text]
  • St. Gabriel's Episcopal Church
    St. Gabriel’s Episcopal Church Hollis, New York Existing for those who are not yet members! THIRD SUNDAY IN LENT March 7, 2021 at 10:00 AM The Holy Eucharist Rite Il Welcome to St. Gabriel’s Episcopal Church in the city of Hollis, New York. We welcome your full participation in this service. Page numbers in this leaflet refer to the Book of Common Prayer (BCP). Hymn numbers refer to the Hymnal 1982. Hymns with LEV refer to the Lift Every Voice and Sing Hymnal. Numbers with an S prefix refer to the Service Music section in the front of the Hymnal. Please turn off any cell phones before the beginning of the Eucharist. VOLUNTARY AT THE PROCESSION Down at the cross where my Savior died LEVAS 28 1 Down at the cross where my Savior died, 2 I am so wondrously saved from sin, Down where for cleansing from sin I cried; Jesus so sweetly abides within; There to my heart was the blood applied; There at the cross where He took me in; Glory to His name. Glory to His name. [Refrain] Refrain: 3 O, precious fountain that saves from sin, Glory to His name. I am so glad I have entered in; Glory to His name! There Jesus saves me and keeps me clean; There to my heart was the blood applied; Glory to His name. [Refrain] Glory to His name. 4 Come to this fountain so rich and sweet; Cast your poor soul at the Savior’s feet; Plunge in today, and be made complete; Glory to His name.
    [Show full text]
  • When Jesus Threw Down the Gauntlet
    WHEN JESUS THREW DOWN THE GAUNTLET. BY WM. WEBER. THE death of Jesus, whatever else it may be, is a very important event in the history of the human race. As such it forms a Hnk in the endless chain of cause and effect ; and we are obliged to ascertain, if possible, the facts which led up to the crucifixion and rendered it inevitable. The first question to be answered is : Who were the men that committed what has been called the greatest crime the world ever saw ? A parallel question asks : How did Jesus provoke the resent- ment of those people to such a degree that they shrank not even from judicial murder in order to get rid of him? The First Gospel denotes four times the persons who engineered the death of Jesus "the chief priests and the elders of the people." The first passage where that happens is connected with the account of the Cleansing of the Temple (Matt. xxi. 23.) The second treats of the meeting at which it was decided to put Jesus out of the way. ( Matt. xxvi. 3.) The third tells of the arrest of Jesus. (Matt. xxvi. 47.) The fourth relates how he was turned over to the tender mercies of Pontius Pilate. ( Matt, xx vii. 1 ) The expression is used, as . appears from this enurrieration, just at the critical stations on the road to Calvary and may be a symbol characteristic of the principal source of the passion of Jesus in Matthew. The corresponding term of the Second and Third Gospels is "the chief priests and the scribes" : but that is not used exclusively in all the parallels to the just quoted passages.
    [Show full text]
  • Jesus in Film: Hollywood Perspectives on the Jewishness of Jesus
    Journal of Religion & Film Volume 2 Issue 2 October 1998 Article 2 October 1998 Jesus in Film: Hollywood Perspectives on the Jewishness of Jesus Adele Reinhartz [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf Recommended Citation Reinhartz, Adele (1998) "Jesus in Film: Hollywood Perspectives on the Jewishness of Jesus," Journal of Religion & Film: Vol. 2 : Iss. 2 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol2/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Religion & Film by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jesus in Film: Hollywood Perspectives on the Jewishness of Jesus Abstract The purpose of this article is to survey a number of Jesus movies with respect to the portrayal of Jesus' Jewishness. As a New Testament scholar, I am curious to see how these celluloid representations of Jesus compare to academic depictions. For this reason, I begin by presenting briefly three trends in current historical Jesus research that construct Jesus' Jewishness in different ways. As a Jewish New Testament scholar, however, my interest in this question is fuelled by a conviction that the cinematic representations of Jesus both reflect and also affect cultural perceptions of both Jesus and Judaism. My survey of the films will therefore also consider issues of reception, and specifically, the image of Jesus and Judaism that emerges from each. This article is available in Journal of Religion & Film: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol2/iss2/2 Reinhartz: Jesus in Film Jesus of Nazareth is arguably the most ubiquitous figure in western culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Suicide at Masada and in the World of the New Testament
    BYU Studies Quarterly Volume 36 Issue 3 Article 27 7-1-1996 Suicide at Masada and in the World of the New Testament Daniel K. Judd Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Judd, Daniel K. (1996) "Suicide at Masada and in the World of the New Testament," BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. 36 : Iss. 3 , Article 27. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol36/iss3/27 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Studies Quarterly by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Judd: Suicide at Masada and in the World of the New Testament suicide at masada and in the world of the new testament daniel K judd one of the most problematic issues surrounding the story of masada is the reported mass suicide of 960 men women and chil- dren assuming that the suicides actually occurred were they expressions of courage selfish acts of cowardice or blind obedi- ence to authoritarian rule were the inhabitants of masada faithful and devout jews defending their homeland and families or were they terrorists using political and religious justifications for their selfish deeds because the writings of the jewish historian jose- phus are the only primary sources of information concerning the events at masada definite answers to these questions are impossi- ble to ascertain
    [Show full text]
  • The Figure of Pontius Pilate in the Novel the Master and Margarita by Bulgakov Compared with Pilate in the Bible
    The Figure of Pontius Pilate in the Novel The Master and Margarita by Bulgakov Compared with Pilate in the Bible Belfjore Qose discusses the character of Pontius Pilate in the novel compared to Pontius Pilate in the Bible, and concludes he is more human than all the other biblical characters that Bulgakov depicts . KAIROS - Evangelical Journal of Theology/Vol. VII. No. 1 (2013), pp. 55-67. From the archives of the website The Master and Margarita http://www.masterandmargarita.eu Webmaster Jan Vanhellemont B-3000 Leuven +32475260793 The Figure of Pontius Pilate in the Novel The Master and Margarita by Bulgakov Compared with Pilate in the Bible Belfjore Qose Aleksandër Moisiu University of Durrës, Albania [email protected] UDK:82 Original scientific paper Received: February, 2013. Accepted: April, 2013. Summary The study of the novel The Master and Margarita is focused on the interpretation and the making of a character that Bulgakov created based on the biblical figure. The analytical method used is a comparative one, and the study integrates a deep comparison of the narration techniques and interpretations of the figure in the light of mystic and occult culture. The comparison between the biblical archetype of the character of Pontius Pilate and the re-creation and interpretation of the character in the novel is not just a dry comparison, but it aims to climb over the culture it represents, Christian culture and ethics, regarding the concept of good and evil. As the narrator of the novel changes focus on different subjects, and since the central figure of the storytelling differs, it was more important for us to study the figure of Pontius Pilate than Yeshua (Christ).
    [Show full text]
  • Harmony of the Gospels
    Harmony of the Gospels INTRODUCTIONS TO JESUS CHRIST Date Event Location Matthew Mark Luke John (1) Luke’s Introduction 1:1-4 (2) Pre-incarnation Work of Christ 1:1-18 (3) Genealogy of Jesus Christ 1:1-17 3:23-38 BIRTH, INFANCY, AND ADOLESCENCE OF JESUS AND JOHN THE BAPTIST Date Event Location Matthew Mark Luke John 7BC (1) Announcement of Birth of John the Baptist Jerusalem (Temple) 1:5-25 7/6BC (2) Announcement of Jesus’ Birth to Mary Nazareth 1:26-38 6/5BC (3) Song of Elizabeth to Mary Hill Country of Judah 1:39-45 (4) Mary’s Song of Praise 1:46-56 c.5BC (5) Birth of John the Baptist, His Father’s Song Judea 1:57-80 5BC (6) Announcement of Jesus’ Birth to Joseph Nazareth 1:18-25 5-4BC (7) Birth of Jesus Christ Bethlehem 1:24,25 2:1-7 (8) Proclamation by the Angels Near Bethlehem 2:8-14 (9) The Shepherds Visit Bethlehem 2:15-20 (10) Jesus’ Circumcision Bethlehem 2:21 (11) Witness of Simeon & Anna Jerusalem 2:22-38 (12) Visit of the Magi Jerusalem & Bethlehem 2:1-12 (13) Escape to Egypt & Murder of Babies Bethlehem 2:13-18 (14) From Egypt to Nazareth with Jesus 2:19-23 2:39 Afterward (15) Childhood of Jesus Nazareth 2:40,51 7/8AD (16) 12 year old Jesus Visits the Temple Jerusalem 2:41-50 Afterward (17) Summary of Jesus’ Growth to Adulthood Nazareth 2:51,52 TRUTHS ABOUT JOHN THE BAPTIST Date Event Location Matthew Mark Luke John c.28-30AD (1) John’s Ministry Begins Judean Wilderness 3:1 1:1-4 3:1,2 1:19-28 (2) Man and Message 3:2-12 1:2-8 3:3-14 (3) His Picture of Jesus 3:11,12 1:7,8 3:15-18 1:26,27 (4) His Courage 14:4-12 3:19,20 BEGINNING
    [Show full text]
  • Places of the Passion Pilates' Judgement Hall March 24, 2021
    Places of the Passion Pilates’ Judgement Hall March 24, 2021 Places of the Passion Pilates’ Judgement Hall March 24, 2021 AS WE GATHER In this service for Week 5 of Lent, the place of the Passion is Pilate’s Judgment Hall, where Pilate is positioned here to set Jesus free, but turns him over to be crucified in- stead. We are called to remember that the judgment that should have been placed on us was placed on him that we might be free. The meaning, history and spiritual inspira- tion associated with Pilate’s Judgment Hall help us to grow to understand more deeply the hard road our Lord took that the way to heaven might be open to us. PRESERVICE SONG: “Amazing Grace (My Chains Are Gone)” WELCOME OPENING HYMN: “How Deep the Father’s Love for Us” Verse 1 How deep the Father's love for us, How vast beyond all measure That He should give His only Son To make a wretch His treasure. How great the pain of searing loss. The Father turns His face away As wounds which mar the Chosen One Bring many sons to glory. Verse 2 Behold the Man upon a cross, My sin upon His shoulders. Ashamed, I hear my mocking voice Call out among the scoffers. It was my sin that held Him there Until it was accomplished; His dying breath has brought me life. I know that it is finished. Verse 3 I will not boast in anything: No gifts, no pow’r, no wisdom. But I will boast in Jesus Christ: 2 His death and resurrection.
    [Show full text]