Former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building & Fence

former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building & Fence Clyde Street Hamilton North NSW 2292

Conservation Management Plan Issue B | June 2019 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

This Conservation Management Plan (CMP) was commissioned by Jemena Gas Networks (NSW) Limited, and was prepared by Heritas Heritage & Conservation. The motivation to prepare a management plan for the former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building (and fence) stemmed from proposed remediation works over the greater site. The scope of this study is the administration building and fence only, however the gasworks precinct encompasses a 7.4ha site bounded by Clyde Street, Chatham Road, Styx Creek drainage channel, and the Great Northern Railway.

The sustainability of significance is not simply about maintaining the existing fabric of a place in a state of a pleasing aesthetic, but it extends to mutual dependence between maintenance of fabric and maintenance of use. Care of the fabric, attention to research, social and community values, combined with a strategy for future use, will ensure the former administration building continues to be a culturally significant place for the people of Newcastle. All of these should be considered essential components of maintaining heritage significance.

A Conservation Management Plan should be thought of as a user’s manual for a building. It details the 'what' and 'how' of the place, providing a comprehensive document for the understanding and care of the place. The Conservation Management Plan for the former administration building and fence is set out in three distinct sections reﬂecting themes of information: information and background to the study; description of the place; and, management guidelines for the place. References and appendices support of the main document.

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Introduces the reader to the place - the former Newcastle Gasworks administration building – and provides the background to the project.

Chapter 2 - Understanding the Place

Describes the place in detail, including its history, the existing physical fabric, and its current statutory heritage framework. Assesses the heritage signiﬁcance of the place, based on the documentary evidence (history) and physical evidence (building fabric). Presents a concise statement of signiﬁcance for the place. Presents a cultural heritage curtilage boundary for the place.

The City of Newcastle Gas and Coke company originally formed in 1866 (New South Wales Parliament 1866). The company soon after erected its original gas plant at Steel Street, Newcastle, then considered a central location. As the city of Newcastle expanded westward in the following decades, it became necessary for the company to reposition its main production centre elsewhere for more effective distribution.

The administration building is a design by local architect Thomas Pepper and was part of the expansion of the gasworks at Hamilton North. the building is

The interior of the building retains some original fabric, although the layout was altered as part of the 1990s renovation work.

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The former administration building/ofﬁce is a ﬁne, rare example of Queen Anne, Federation style architecture in Newcastle in an industrial setting. The building is able to demonstrate the history of the gasworks and its critical role in developing gas supply in Newcastle, which was important to the economy of NSW.

The Office and Laboratory of the former gas making site of the City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Co Ltd is significant at the local level as an example of the enterprising approach to the supply of gas by City of Newcastle at the turn of the century. The building is a fine example of the work of Thomas J Pepper, who was an important architect in Newcastle at the turn of the 20th century. The gas company site is also historically important as it demonstrates the use of gas making technology from the late 19th century and is also indicative of a population boom across Newcastle in the first two decades of the 20th century.

Chapter 3 - Managing the Place

Presents a management structure for the place, firstly by giving overarching conservation policies, and secondly by devising specific actions in support of those policies. Conservation actions are based on the mesh of policy and owner’s requirements, in order to maintain and enhance the significance of the administration building and fence. Conservation priorities are given and outlined in time periods of 6 months, 12 months and 2 years.

Chapter 4 - References

Details references used in the preparation of this Conservation Management Plan.

Appendices

A collection of additional supporting information too bulky to contain within the main text of the document.

Appendix A Use this to understand more about each room, and what building Floor Plan & Room Data Sheets fabric is signiﬁcant and what is not.

Appendix B The Burra Charter and its accompanying guidelines are The Burra Charter considered the best practice standard for cultural heritage management in Australia. The production of this CMP has been guided by The Burra Charter principles, however the charter is included here for reference.

Appendix C Listing cards from NSW Ofﬁce of Environment & Heritage. Listing Heritage Listing Cards card from National Trust of Australia not available.

Appendix D Correspondence between Heritas and Newcastle City Council, Newcastle City Council correspondence documenting consultation.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 3 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 1 INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Study Area 7 1.3 Project Team 7 1.4 Methodology 7 1.5 Limitations & Observations 8 1.6 Definitions 10 1.7 Abbreviations 10 1.8 Acknowledgements 11 1.9 Document Status 11 2 UNDERSTANDING THE PLACE 12 2.1 History 12 2.1.1 The History of Gasworks in NSW 12 2.1.2 The History of the City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Company in the Project Area 12 Expansion: 1910-1913 12 Further Expansion: 1913-1982 15 Petroleum and Natural Gas: 1982-1995 15 2.1.3 Administration Building: 1911 17 2.1.4 Front Fence: 1911 24 2.1.5 Condition 26 2.1.6 Historical Themes 27 2.2 Archaeology 28 2.2.1 Overview 28 2.3 Heritage Structure in Australia 28 2.3.1 Introduction 28 2.3.2 Federal Government 28 2.3.3 State Government 29 2.3.4 Local Government 29 2.3.5 Non-Statutory 30 2.3.6 Current Heritage Listings 30 2.4 Significance Assessment 31 2.4.1 Introduction 31 2.4.2 Significance of former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building, including fence 32 2.4.3 Statement of Significance 34 2.5 Boundary of Significance (Heritage Curtilage) 35

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2.5.1 Introduction 35 2.5.2 Heritage Curtilage of Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building and Fence 35 3 MANAGING THE PLACE 37 3.1 Caring for Fabric 37 3.2 Obligations & Opportunities 37 3.2.1 Obligations Arising from the Signiﬁcance of the Place 37 3.2.2 Obligations Arising from Statutory Controls 38 NSW Heritage Act 1977 38 Newcastle City Council 38 Statutory Controls Summary & Checklist 39 3.2.3 Obligations Arising from Other Listings (Non-Statutory) 39 3.2.4 Opportunities of Adaptive Re-use 39 3.3 Conservation Policy & Strategy 40 3.3.1 Introduction 40 3.3.2 General Policy and Actions 40 3.3.3 Speciﬁc Policy and Actions 41 3.4 Conservation Priorities 44 3.4.1 Responsibility 44 3.4.2 Works by priority 44 4 REFERENCES 46 APPENDIX A - Floor Plan & Room Datasheets 47 APPENDIX B - The Burra Charter 48 APPENDIX C - Heritage Listing Cards 49 APPENDIX D - Newcastle City Council correspondence 50

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 5 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

This report represents a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) for the former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building, and associated front fence, all part of the former City of Newcastle Gas & Coke Coy. Ltd. gasworks site, within the Newcastle suburb of Hamilton North (refer ﬁgure 1). The 7.4ha site is bounded by Clyde Street, Chatham Road, Styx Creek drainage channel, and the Great Northern Railway (Hunter Line), with the administration building fronting to Clyde Street.

The site is currently owned by Jemena Gas Networks (NSW) Limited (Jemena) who propose to remediate the project area to reduce the risk to human health and the environment and in accordance with Management Order No. 20181402 issued by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) on 29 October 2018. Part of the remediation works include the preparation of a CMP for the former administration building on the site, in line with the requirements of the conditions of development consent issued by the Department of Planning and Environment (DP&E) (refer also to section 1.4).

The purpose of the report is to provide an overall strategy for conservation and maintenance of the former administration building for the immediate future and for the longer term.

former administration building

Great Northern Railway Clyde Street

Chatham Road

Styx Creek Channel Figure 1 Jemena site, Clyde Street, Hamilton North source: Heritas April 2019

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1.2 Study Area

The study area is that deﬁned by ﬁgure 2, below and is within the greater site proposed for remediation.

front fence and entry gates STUDY AREA

Great Northern Railway former administration building

Clyde Street

site of former pump house

remains of former change room & canteen building

electrical substation

Figure 2 Study area - former administration building and fence fronting Clyde Street. The site of the former pump house is marked. source: Heritas May 2019

1.3 Project Team

This report was compiled by Linda Babic (B.A., B.Sc. (Arch), B.Arch., M.Her.Cons.) with the use of the existing Historical Heritage Assessment for Newcastle Gasworks (Clyde Street) Remediation Project prepared in June 2018 by Virtus Heritage, by authority of Jemena. Images and mapping by Katie Glanville (Heritas). Photography by Wayne Glanville and Hayden Babic, unless otherwise noted.

1.4 Methodology

This report has been undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter (2000), and has been guided by The Conservation Plan by James Kerr. The study process has included the historical research work and assessment of signiﬁcance prepared by Virtus Heritage (above), whose research

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 7 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan and ﬁndings have been incorporated into this document. Policies and recommendations for the future management of the place have been formulated based on the assessed signiﬁcance.

Conditions of Development Consent related to the preparation of a CMP for the conservation of the Newcastle Gas Co ofﬁce building, pump house and fence are met by the following sections in this document.

Condition Reference Condition Met by

Condition B47 (a) The CMP must be prepared by a This CMP has been prepared by Heritas qualiﬁed heritage architect Architecture - Linda Babic, B.A., B.Arch., M.Herit.Cons.

Condition B47 (b) The CMP must be prepared in Heritas has consulted with Newcastle City consultation with Council’s Council Heritage Ofﬁcer Tom Heritage Ofﬁcer Smith via telephone, and during a site visit (22 May 2019). Council subsequently provided comment, which is included in this CMP as Appendix D.

Condition B47 (c) The CMP must detail the Section 3.3 of this CMP details conservation conservation measures and policies, and conservation actions related to management strategies to protect each policy. Section 3.4 details conservation the Newcastle Gas Co ofﬁce priorities by time frames of 6 months, 12 building, pump house and fence months and 24 months.

Condition B47 (d) The CMP must detail protection Policy Action 1 b) provides for preparation of systems to be implemented to induction materials prior to remediation works prevent damage to the heritage commencing, and which are to be included in items during remediation works all site inductions for future contractors. Policy Action 4 b) protects the curtilage of the building during remediation works, speciﬁcally. Policy 7 speciﬁcally addresses protection of fabric during remediation works.

1.5 Limitations & Observations

The production of a conservation management document that is prepared in any one moment in the history of a building is a product of the circumstances of available information at that time, and therefore can never be exhaustive.

The current brief is in accordance with direction from NSW Department of Planning & Environment Conditions of Consent related to proposed remediation works on the site, for a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) to be prepared for the ‘Newcastle Gas Co. ofﬁce building, pump house and fence’.

The original listing for the site is based on an Interim Conservation Order (ICO) dating to 1988. A plan of the listing boundary related to this ICO is shown in ﬁgure 3, and clearly indicates the building referred to as the ‘pump house’ being directly adjacent to the administration building. Further, this pump house is clearly not the small electrical substation building extant and facing Clyde Street, and persistently and currently referred to as the ‘pump house’. The small extant building is of a form typical of electrical substations built across Newcastle in the 1930s and 1940s and is not located on either of the available historical plans of the gasworks site (1914 and 1955), nor is it assessed in any referenced heritage studies of the site. For these reasons, we suggest that this building was built as an electrical substation, and therefore it is not the pump house referred to in the heritage listing for the gasworks site.

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Figure 3 Clyde Street view looking south, 1978, showing the former pump house with gas holders beyond. The brick pillars in the foreground mark the entry to the site - note metal wire mesh gates have replaced the main gates. The brickwork detailing over the window heads on the pump house matches detailing in the administration building. source: Ed Tonks, via Lost Newcastle Facebook page

Figure 4 Interim Conservation Order gazetted boundary, 1988, for Newcastle Gas Co Ofﬁce, Pump House and Front Fence, clearly showing the pump house is the building subsequently demolished. source: Project Planning Associates, 1991

In 1991, shortly after the Heritage Council of NSW requested Newcastle City Council add the pump house and front fence to the new permanent heritage listing for the administration building, the pump house was demolished due to its poor condition and damage sustained in the 1989 Newcastle earthquake.1 The image shown in ﬁgure 3 conﬁrms detailing matching the administration building, and demonstrates why this building would have been included in the original heritage listing.

The Newcastle City Council statement of signiﬁcance for the pump house and fence is simply:

Internal fabric of note.2

The image attached to the listing (refer Appendix C) shows the electrical substation and a modern Colorbond fence. This is an additional indication that the existing electrical substation is not the building referred to as the pump house.

Further, for the reasons stated above, the small electrical substation does not form part of this CMP document.

Particular to the preparation of this CMP, the assessment of physical fabric was limited to visual inspection of the front fence, and parts of the administration building to which access was available. Roofs were not inspected. A structural inspection was not undertaken.

1 Project Planning Associates. Administration Building, Clyde Street, Hamilton - A Brief Extract of the Conservation Report, 1993. 2 sourced from www.environment.nsw.nsw.au/heritage Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 9 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

This CMP has not incorporated any speciﬁc study of archaeology, landscape, or any further study of history, as it was not considered to be relevant to the brief. Some archaeological information from the 2018 Virtus Heritage study has been incorporated into this CMP.

This CMP incorporates recommendations based on conservation strategy, however these are given as generic solutions. As a future use for the former administration building is not yet determined, full and individual design and documentation will be required for each future proposal.

The ﬂoor plans shown in this document should not be presumed to be measured drawings. They are based on overall measurements only, and are given for reference in this CMP only.

1.6 Deﬁnitions

The terminology used in this Conservation Management Plan is specific, and the understanding of such is essential for the effective use of this document. The terminology is that defined in the ICOMOS Burra Charter. A selection of definitions is also given below.

Place means site, area, land, landscape, building or other work, group of buildings or other works, and may include components, contents, spaces and views.

Fabric means all the physical material of the place including components, fixtures, contents and objects. Conservation means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance. Preservation means maintaining the fabric of a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration. Reconstruction means returning a place to a known earlier state and is distinguished by the introduction of new material into the fabric. Restoration means returning the existing fabric of a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components without the introduction of new material. Interpretation means all the ways of presenting the cultural significance of a place. Cultural means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or significance future generations. Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and related objects.

1.7 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used throughout this document.

NCC Newcastle City Council CMP Conservation Management Plan LEP Local Environmental Plan NSW OEH New South Wales Ofﬁce of Environment & Heritage, Heritage Branch (formerly NSW Heritage Ofﬁce) DCP Development Control Plan

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1.8 Acknowledgements

The history of the Gasworks site, as presented here, is acknowledged as researched by Virtus Heritage and further presented in their 2018 document Historical Heritage Assessment for Newcastle Gasworks (Clyde Street) Remediation Project. Heritas acknowledge the assistance of Jemena (David Virtue) throughout the preparation of this document.

1.9 Document Status

This document has the following status.

Issue A Client Review May 2019 Issue B Final June 2019

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 11 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan 2 UNDERSTANDING THE PLACE

2.1 History3

2.1.1 The History of Gasworks in NSW

The Australian Gas Light Company was created in 1837. From the 1850s in Australia, gas was responsible for a technological innovation in lighting, replacing kerosene and oil lamps, firstly in street lamps and thereafter in industrial, commercial and residential applications (Umwelt, 2002:6). In 1857, AGL introduced gas purification in Australia allowing for gas to be used in private residences (AGL, our history website, July 2014). In 1873, for a sum of £4, AGL imported the first gas-cooking stove and installed it in its Darling Harbour store (AGL, our history website). In the 1890s, gas stoves were advertised in cookery books and could be rented or bought from AGL for easier and more efficient home cooking (AGL, our history website, July 2014). In 1936, around 59,000 housewives had taken gas-cooking classes provided by AGL to better understand the benefits this new home energy resource provided (AGL, our history website).

Systematic street lighting did not commence until 1846, although 22 street lights were operational from 1841 in Sydney, of the total of 181 lamps serviced (Umwelt 2002:6). The Melbourne Gas Coke Company was formed in 1850 but did not commence supply until 1856 and, of the remaining capitals, Hobart commenced in 1857, Adelaide in 1863, Brisbane in 1865 and Perth in 1885 (Umwelt, 2002:6). Later-established gasworks “incorporated rapid technological advances in retort construction and gas puriﬁcation” (Umwelt, 2002:6). Suburban and country plants were relatively small and labour intensive, with few employees but reliant on manual loading and ﬁring of horizontal retorts and with a limited storage capacity (Australian Science and Technology Centre 2000:816-7 in Umwelt 2002:6). In 1886, the Municipalities Gas Act allowed councils to not only establish a gasworks but to purchase existing, established gasworks (Umwelt 2002:6).

2.1.2 The History of the City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Company in the Project Area

This section of the report is based primarily on a review of the City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Company's 1916 Jubilee (Anon. 1916) and 1966 Centenary (Anon. 1966) souvenir pamphlets, a paper by the company's head engineer in 1914 (Mackenzie 1914) and a conservation report for the Administration Building prepared by the Natural Gas Company (1993). The City of Newcastle Gas and Coke company originally formed in 1866 (New South Wales Parliament 1866). The company soon after erected its original gas plant at Steel Street, Newcastle, then considered a central location. As the city of Newcastle expanded westward in the following decades, it became necessary for the company to reposition its main production centre elsewhere for more effective distribution.

Expansion: 1910-1913

In 1910, the City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Company began to make provisions to expand their operations into a new plant at the 7.4 ha Clyde Street site in Hamilton North. This move was necessitated by the “lack of space for further expansion in the original Steel Street, gasworks site in Newcastle” (Broomham 1996: Inventory Sheet for Newcastle Gasworks site 2:3). The Clyde Street site, Hamilton North was considered the most suitable location due to its position within the company's distribution area and its proximity to the Great Northern Railway. The site terrain was also uniform with ﬁrm soil on which to build the plant and its associated buildings (Mackenzie 1914). The new gasworks was designed by J. MacKenzie in consultation with a chief engineer at AGL, Andrew Wilson (Broomham 1996: Inventory Sheet for Newcastle Gasworks site 2:3). Preliminary work began in late 1910, with a railway siding laid to connect the Clyde Street site to the old works

3 The history presented in this CMP is taken directly from Virtus Heritage, 2018, Historical Heritage Assessment for the Newcastle Gasworks (Clyde Street) Remediation Project. Used by permission of the author via Jemena. Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 12 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Figure 5, above Site plan - 1955. Figure 6, below source: Spooner, from Vitrus. “Clyde Street Works, Hamilton, April 1952”, showing administration building and pump house at bottom left. Note the electrical substation is not yet built. source: Jemena, from Vitrus

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 13 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan at Steel Street, Newcastle West through the Northern Railway (Anon. 1916). Construction onsite began in 1911 with the Administration building, which was completed in 1912. This single-story structure was built in brick in Federation 'Anglo-Dutch' style, with a symmetrical rectangular footprint and verandahs to the east and south elevations (The Natural Gas Company 1993). A retort house was constructed with steel framing and brickwork to house the plant - a Glover-West system of vertical retorts, consisting of 32 20-foot long retorts arranged in three sets of eight. These retorts were considered “revolutionary” as they were vertical and recently developed in Britain (Broomham 1996: Inventory Sheet for Newcastle Gasworks site 2:3). Other structures built at the site included a gas holder, machinery house, mess room and lavatories, workshop a tar dehydration plant. Gas making began at Clyde Street in January 1913.

Figure 7 administration building Site plan, ‘The New Works of the City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Co Ltd’, 1914 source: Mackenzie 1914, from Virtus

pump house

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Further Expansion: 1913-1982

The old Waratah Gas Company was purchased in 1922, the works closed and the supply made from the Clyde Street plant. To accommodate for further expansion of the company, a second retort house was installed with another Glover-West system of vertical retorts. Gas making from this facility began in late November 1926. Gas industries expansion in Newcastle was closely related to the establishment of the steel industry and its incredible growth at that time (Broomham 1996: Inventory Sheet for Newcastle Gasworks site 2:3). In 1941 the Wallsend Gas Company was purchased and this supply moved to the Clyde Street plant. More settings were added to the second retort house, bringing the ﬁnal number to ten by 1947 (Anon. 1966). In 1950, the company directors were granted an extension of their distribution area into the Shire of Lake Macquarie, necessitating further expansion of the Clyde Street plant site. Although construction was slow due to a scarcity of materials, a third retort house was completed in early 1955.

Figure 8 “Newcastle Gasworks 1920s, Clyde Street, Tighes Hill. Panoramic view of steam train with line, silos and Gas Works buildings”. The administration building is shown at extreme right. source: Hunter Photo Bank, Newcastle Library

In 1964, Newcastle began marketing LPG under the brand-name Speed-E-Gas (Broomham 1996: Inventory Sheet for Newcastle Gasworks site 2:3). In 1970 the coal carbonising plan was replaced by catalytic reformers making towns gas from naphtha. In 1977 this was supplemented by LPG and simulated natural gas was produced from 1978 (Broomham 1996: Inventory Sheet for Newcastle Gasworks site 2:3). At the same time, Newcastle Gas and Coke Company commenced negotiations with the natural gas supplier AGL, completing a merger with that company in 1979 (Broomham 1996: Inventory Sheet for Newcastle Gasworks site 2:3).

Petroleum and Natural Gas: 1982-1995

Natural Gas arrived in Newcastle in 1982, and in late 1987 the large gasholder at the Clyde Street plant was dismantled in favour of modern high pressure pipes (Newcastle Herald 1987). The administration building was still in use by the company as an ofﬁce until it was damaged in the 1989 Newcastle Earthquake (The Natural Gas Company 1993). The ofﬁce buildings and booster house (pump house) were restored as heritage items but AGL vacated the site in 1995 and put it on the market (Broomham 1996: Inventory Sheet for Newcastle Gasworks site 2:3).

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Figure 9 “Detail Survey of Clyde Street Gas Works”, 1987. The administration building and pump house (labelled here as Booster House) are shown top right. source: Administration Building, Clyde Street, Hamilton - A Brief Extract of the Conservation Report, 1993, Project Planning Associates

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2.1.3 Administration Building: 1911

The administration building is a design by local architect Thomas Pepper as part of the expansion of the gasworks at Hamilton North. Pepper was an architect and structural engineer in Newcastle for over 50 years. His local extant built work includes the Lyrique Theatre in Wolfe Street (1926) and the Jewish Synagogue in Tyrrell Street (1927).

The facade of the building is decorative, and has style indicators across the Federation period, including: Federation Anglo-Dutch (intricate facade modelling, picturesque silhouette, curvilinear gable, tower, ‘candle- snuffer’ roof, contrasting trim of stone); Federation Queen Anne (low tower element, Marseilles roof tiles with ridge ornament, prominent gable facing street, tuck-pointed brick walling, casement window sashes); and, Federation Free Style (low tower, parapeted gable, curvilinear parapet feature, strongly contrasting materials, Diocletian window motif, Art Nouveau lettering). The overall composition provides a strong streetscape element in an otherwise bland industrial setting.

Figure 10 Clyde Street façade of the administration building, showing the entry driveway, c1981. Note also the small ofﬁce structure on the verandah at extreme right, which is likely serving the weigh bridge that was formerly located in the entrance driveway. source: Andy Brill, via Flickr

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At the time of its design the former administration building provided a flagship edifice for the site, housing administrative offices, laboratory, and a strong room. A 1990 National Trust (NSW) inspection of the building described it as:

Face brick (English Bond) with Ravensfield stone decoration, including sills, copings, string courses and projecting eaves. Timber windows, terracotta tile roof and crestings. Front twin gables, enclosed central verandah with brick and stone piers and ‘beam’. Arched openings, casement and double hung timber windows. Fence of brick and stone to match, with wrought iron infill. Main gates missing - pedestrian gate extant. At side and rear, timber verandah and fluted edge timber brackets to timber posts, roof curved around corner. Panelled timber doors. Rear brick porches (twin). Verandah: concrete, bluenosed stone edging, timber linings to entrance porches. Stone sills. Stone chimney cappings and with terracotta pots and cast-iron top on site. Some earthquake damage.

The building has remained relatively unchanged externally, and still presents a noble, domestic scale façade to Clyde Street. The work in the mid-1990s reconstructed the main gates to the vehicle entrance.

Figure 11 The Clyde Street elevation of the former administration building, 2019.

Figure 12 Rear elevation, 2019. Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 18 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Figure 13, right top Reverse of parapet, showing ﬂame ﬁnial and sandstone gutter corbel, 2019.

Figure 14, right middle Southern corner, with entrance to site at left, 2019.

Figure 15, right bottom. Aerial view of roof, with railway line at right and fence along street frontage, 2019.

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Figure 16 South-west elevation, 2019.

Figure 17 North-east elevation, 2019.

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The interior of the building retains some original fabric, although the layout was altered as part of the 1990s renovation work.

The western room marked ‘store’ on an early plan was divided into two rooms, and the office and lab behind the front verandah were both further divided into two rooms and a hallway running north-south. The ‘workshop’ room at the rear of the building was connected to the former ‘store’ with two smaller doorways. The engineer’s office and the clerks office remained unchanged, as did the lavatory and strong room facing Clyde Street at the southern end of the building.

Figure 18 Original 1914 ﬂoor plan (top) and existing ﬂoor plan (bottom). Changes include the original ‘store’ at left divided into two rooms; the ‘workshop’ at centre left connected into the former ‘store’ via two doorways; the front rooms behind the verandah altered to create four rooms and a hallway. Note also the weigh bridge just off the verandah in the 1914 plan. source: 1914 plan from Vitrus; current plan, Heritas

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Figure 19, top to bottom Former Clark’s Office (Office 04), note ceiling; former Store (Office 1); former drawing office and lab (Hallway 02), note ceiling reflecting original room size; former Store (office 01) showing gas heater and door to front verandah.

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Original fabric extant includes marble fireplaces in the clerk’s office and engineer’s office, pressed metal ceilings, and small gas heaters. The former workshop contains what appears to be a gas mechanism and the specific cupboard, although further research is required to identify these items.

Figure 20 The room originally marked as ‘workshop’ on the 1914 plans - the only room that does not have a smooth rendered wall surface. Gas infrastructure is preserved.

Generally, the internal lighting is recent, yet sympathetically suspends from the original ceilings. The interior is painted in a monochrome cream/yellow hue to walls, with ceilings in white. The ﬂoors are carpeted, with tiles to bathrooms.

An archival photographic record is concurrent with this CMP, and records the internal and external fabric of the administration building in more detail.

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2.1.4 Front Fence: 1911

The extant brick and sandstone fence dates to the construction of the administration building and the (now demolished) pump house. The fence displays matching detail in the brick and sandstone piers, and adds to the street presence of the place. The face brick pillars with matching dwarf wall beneath create a rhythm along much of the Clyde Street frontage, with inﬁll panels in a restrained decorative wrought iron design. The brickwork displays areas of black tuck-pointing, matching the gables on the administration building. The fence announces the vehicle and pedestrian entry in its centre with larger and more decorative pillars, and wrought iron gates.

The existing length of the fence deﬁnes the extent of the original buildings. The main vehicular gates are believed to be a reconstruction dating to the mid-1990s work. The condition of the fence is generally good, however some of the sandstone capping is dislodged, particularly at the northern end of the fence.

Figure 21 Above, view in front of administration building. Left, view of northern pedestrian gate with run of boundary fence beyond, to the north.

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Figure 22 Two views of the vehicular entrance gates in the centre of the fence line. Note in the bottom view, two pedestrian gates either side.

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2.1.5 Condition

The condition of the building fabric is generally fair, with some areas of more advanced deterioration. The sandstone detailing on the front facade shows areas of exfoliation and blsitering. There are numerous areas of falling damp. The front verandah roof and gutter is severely rusted and has in turn caused signiﬁcant water damage to the timber roof structure in this location. Some areas of the pressed metal ceilings show rust - evidence of previous water ingress. There are areas on the roof where vegetation is growing. All painted surfaces externally are deteriorated.

The condition of the front fence is generally fair-good, with the exception of one pier at the north-west end of the fence. Here, the sandstone cap is lifting off the brick pier. The condition of the metal inﬁll panels, and metal gates, appears good however all have a deteriorated paint ﬁnish.

Figure 23 Deteriorated fabric, clockwise from above: front verandah ailing and sandstone beam; front fence pier; front verandah sandstone beam; front hallway falling/traversing damp, adjacent to verandah roof.

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2.1.6 Historical Themes

Historical themes are research tools, which can be used at the national, State or local level to aid in the identification, assessment, interpretation and management of heritage places. Nine national historical themes have been identified by the Australian Heritage Commission (now part of the Department of Environment). The NSW Heritage Division has identified thirty-five state historical themes for understanding the heritage of NSW.

The greater project area is representative of the development and industrialisation of the greater Newcastle area, and can be assessed in the context of the broader historic themes deﬁned by the Heritage Division, NSW. The administration building (including fence) can be assessed against a further reﬁned set of local themes, described in the Newcastle City Wide Heritage Study (1996).These themes help us understand the historical context.

State Themes Local Themes Relationship to the Project Area Industry Early The Clyde Street gas plant site is associated with the City of Newcastle Manufacturing Gas and Coke Company - a key institution involved in the historic & Processing industrialisation of the Newcastle area. Commerce Commerce The City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Company provided gas to private citizens in addition to municipal public lighting. Creative Creative The design of the building displays creative endeavour through the use endeavour Endeavour of decorative stonework features representing gas. Technology Industrial The nature of work at the Clyde Street plant site generally is Technology representative of advances in technology throughout the period of its use. At the time of use, the best available equipment and plant features were selected for installation at the site. Transport Railways & The site was positioned with respect to rail transport, and this was Trams crucial for the obtainment of coal for the production of gas. Towns, suburbs Townships The location of the City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Company's site at and villages Clyde Street in Hamilton was a calculated decision for which to provide more of its product throughout the greater Newcastle area. Throughout the life of the plant's use, the company would absorb other companies and in doing so, support their distribution networks from the Clyde Street plant site. Utilities Utilities Most of the features of this site relate to the production of gas, a crucial utility in the development and industrialisation of the greater Newcastle area. Labour Many of the buildings originally constructed onsite house features required to be operated by a sizeable labour force. Aspect of these buildings speciﬁcally allow for activities and other requirements of a daily workforce.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 27 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan 2.2 Archaeology

2.2.1 Overview

An archaeological assessment speciﬁc to the site was undertaken in 2018 by Virtus Heritage, and which concludes:

No archaeological remains/relics are identified through historical research consultation or site inspection, which require assessment under the criteria for archaeological significance. The remains of the former gasworks site are structural or fit under the definition of works. All potential structures and works related to the former gasworks are identifiable on aerial photographs and historical plans. The location of these remains are therefore, historically documented and also have no potential to yield further information through archaeological investigation. Therefore, no further archaeological significance assessment is warranted.4

2.3 Heritage Structure in Australia

2.3.1 Introduction

The management of heritage places in Australia is administered by the three levels of Government: Federal, State and local. Accordingly, each tier is responsible for their respective heritage. For instance, the Federal Government manages nationally signiﬁcant items, etc.

2.3.2 Federal Government5

The Australian Heritage Council is an independent body of heritage experts established through the Australian Heritage Council Act 2003. It replaces the Australian Heritage Commission as the Australian Government's independent expert advisory body on heritage matters.

The Council's role is to assess the values of places nominated for the National Heritage List and the Commonwealth Heritage List, and to advise the Australian Government Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts on conserving and protecting places included, or being considered for inclusion, in the National Heritage List and Commonwealth Heritage List. The Council may also nominate places with heritage values to these lists.

It is the Council's duty to promote the identiﬁcation, assessment and conservation of heritage and to advise the Minister on a range of matters relating to heritage. It also engages in research and promotional activities. The Council maintains the Register of the National Estate - a list of 13 000 natural and cultural heritage places throughout Australia. The Register is a reference database and is used for public education and the promotion of heritage conservation generally.

The Australian Heritage Council's main responsibilities are to:

• assess nominations in relation to the listing of places on the National Heritage List and the Commonwealth Heritage List • advise on the inclusion of places in, and the removal of places from, the List of Overseas Places of Historic Signiﬁcance to Australia • promote the identiﬁcation, assessment, conservation and monitoring of heritage • maintain the Register of the National Estate.

4 Virtus Heritage, p49. 5 Information sourced directly from www.environment.gov.au/heritage/ahc Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 28 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

The National Heritage List and the Commonwealth Heritage List are both statutory listings, and therefore carry requirements of compliance. The Register of the National Estate is a non-statutory listing.

The former Newcastle Gasworks site is not listed on any national heritage registers.

2.3.3 State Government6

The Heritage Council of NSW is established under the NSW Heritage Act, 1977 and is an advisory body that includes members of the community, the government, the conservation profession and representatives of organisations such as the National Trust of Australia (NSW).

The Heritage Council makes decisions about the care and protection of heritage places and items that have been identiﬁed as being signiﬁcant to the people of NSW.

The council provides advice on heritage matters to the Minister responsible for heritage in NSW. It recommends to the Minister places and objects for listing on the State Heritage Register.

At time of writing, the position of Chair of the Heritage Council is vacant. The council receives advice and administrative support from the Heritage Branch.

The Ofﬁce of Environment and Heritage (Heritage Branch) is a State government agency based in Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia. The mission of the Heritage Branch is 'working with the community to know, value and care for our heritage.’

The work of the Heritage Branch includes:

• working with communities to help them identify their important places and objects; • providing guidance on how to look after heritage items; • supporting community heritage projects through funding and advice; • maintaining the NSW Heritage Database, an online list of all statutory heritage items in NSW.

The former Newcastle Gasworks site is not listed as an item of State signiﬁcance under the NSW Heritage Act, 1977.

2.3.4 Local Government7

Local Government in NSW plays a critical role in the conservation and management of heritage. NSW's heritage is diverse and includes buildings, objects, monuments, gardens, bridges, trees, landscapes, archaeological sites, Aboriginal places, shipwrecks, relics, streets, industrial structures and conservation precincts.

Local councils in NSW are involved in the protection, management and conservation of heritage as both owners and as managers of the majority of heritage items and heritage conservation areas. Local Environmental Plans (LEPs) are prepared by councils to protect heritage items. Heritage items are listed through a Heritage Schedule attached to the LEP. Some councils have special heritage LEPs.

The Newcastle Gas Co. Ofﬁce, and the Pump House and Fence, are listed as heritage items of local signiﬁcance under the Newcastle Local Environmental Plan 2012.

6 Information sourced directly from www.nsw.gov.au 7 Information sourced directly from www.lgnsw.org.au Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 29 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

2.3.5 Non-Statutory

A number of non-statutory heritage listing bodies exist in NSW and in Australia, perhaps the most well-known being the National Trust of Australia. Other examples of non-statutory bodies include the Register of the National Estate, the Australian Institute of Architects (List of Signiﬁcant Buildings, post 1900), Engineers Australia (Engineering Heritage Recognition Program), and DOCOMOMO (Documentation and conservation of buildings, sites and neighbourhoods of the modern movement).

None of these lists transfer any authority to the listed property, but rather inclusion signiﬁes recognition of signiﬁcance by a certain group or body.

2.3.6 Current Heritage Listings

Current listings for the former Gasworks Administration Building, including fence and pump house, are summarised below and further detailed following.

Listing Body Listed

Commonwealth Heritage List no

National Heritage List no

NSW State Heritage Register no

Newcastle City Council yes

National Trust of Australia (NSW) yes

Newcastle City Council maintains a list of heritage items within the local government area that are signiﬁcant for their cultural heritage values. The list is contained within the Newcastle Local Environmental Plan 2012. The former Gasworks Administration Building is listed under LEP 2012 as having local signiﬁcance.

The Council’s statement of signiﬁcance for the administration building is:

The National Trust noted in their assessment that the building is a ﬁne example of Federation style applied to a commercial building. The internal fabric is notable as it is relatively intact.8

The former Gasworks Administration Building is classiﬁed by the National Trust of Australia (NSW), noting the following statement of signiﬁcance:

A distinctive and well-detailed building in substantially original condition. Of historical and industrial signiﬁcance (probably also archaeological).9

8 sourced from www.environment.nsw.nsw.au/heritage 9 National Trust, Hunter Building Committee, listing card, 1990. Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 30 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

2.4 Signiﬁcance Assessment

2.4.1 Introduction

A place considered to be of potential heritage signiﬁcance is assessed using guidelines established by Federal and State government heritage authorities, namely the Australian Heritage Commission and the NSW Heritage Council. These guidelines set out assessment criteria that broadly encompass possible values of cultural heritage signiﬁcance:

1. historical significance, 2. aesthetic significance, 3. social significance, 4. research/technical significance, 5. rarity, and 6. representativeness.

Once the values of heritage signiﬁcance have been determined, they are then graded to assess their relative contribution to the heritage value of the place. Gradings are:

1. Exceptional (rare or outstanding element directly contributing to an item’s significance), 2. High (high degree of original fabric; demonstrates a key element of the item’s significance), 3. Moderate (elements with little heritage value, but which contribute to the overall significance of the item), 4. Little (alterations detract from significance; difficult to interpret), 5. Intrusive (damaging to the item’s heritage significance).

The assessment of signiﬁcance also requires that the level of signiﬁcance be determined.

1. National significance (significant to the people of Australia). 2. State significance (significant to the people of NSW). 3. Local significance (significant within the local government area).

The chart shown in ﬁgure 24 below graphically describes the assessment process.

then then VALUE GRADE LEVEL of significance of significance of significance

historical exceptional National and/or aesthetic high State and/or technical moderate Local and/or social little then rarity then intrusive representativeness Figure 24 The process of assessing heritage signiﬁcance.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 31 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

2.4.2 Signiﬁcance of former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building, including fence

The NSW OEH sets out criteria and guidelines in their Assessing Heritage Signiﬁcance document to assist the assessment of an item’s signiﬁcance.

An item will be considered to be of signiﬁcance if in the opinion of the Heritage Council of NSW, it meets one or more of the following criteria. Accordingly, the administration building (including fence) is assessed as follows.10

Criterion (a) Historical The former Gasworks administration building, including fence, is important in the course, for pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area) for the following reasons. Criterion (b) Historical The former Gasworks administration building, including fence has strong association with the life or works of a person, or a group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area) for the following reasons.

1 This item has historical signiﬁcance at the local level (criteria a) and (criteria b) because it is important to the local history of Newcastle and to the history of the Newcastle Gasworks and Coke Co., (a company formed by a group of local Newcastle councillors and identities [in the early twentieth century), as the company supplied gas to industry and homes in Newcastle (the only known gas supplier at this time in Newcastle).

Criterion (c) Aesthetic The former Gasworks administration building, including fence, is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of the creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the local area) for the following reasons.

1 The building is a ﬁne and highly intact example of a Federation style architecture used for commercial and industrial use and meets (criterion c) for aesthetic signiﬁcance.

Criterion (d) Social The former Gasworks administration building, including fence, has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW (or the local area) for the following social, cultural or spiritual reasons. 1 This item does not have strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW for social, cultural or spiritual reasons (or the local area) (criterion d) and as indicated by the Newcastle Industrial Heritage Association is not the subject of particular social connections and associations today.

Criterion (e) Research The former Gasworks administration building, including fence, has the potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area) for the following reasons.

1 Through the disposition of its’ rooms and their original functions, this item provides information on the operation of early twentieth century gasworks and its development over the twentieth century in the Newcastle and Sydney basin.

10 Taken from Virtus Heritage, 2018, pages 50-52. Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 32 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Criterion (f) Rarity The former Gasworks administration building, including fence, possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area) for the following reasons. 1 This item is a unique example of an extant administration building in the Newcastle locality of a former gasworks as no buildings of the same period (early 20th century) in the Newcastle region are known. Related extant examples include the Bathurst Gasworks site, (c.1886) (Higginbotham 2008 and Broomham 1996) and the original administration building (c.1880-1890s) at 461 King St, Newcastle West, which was the original ofﬁce to the Newcastle Gasworks and Coke Co. and part of the ﬁrst Steel Street gasworks in Newcastle (State Heritage Inventory listing sheet).

Criterion (g) Representativeness The former Gasworks administration building, including fence, is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s (or the local area’s): - cultural or natural places; or - cultural or natural environments.

1 This item demonstrates the principal class of characteristics of an early twentieth century gasworks administration building for the locality of Newcastle with slight modiﬁcations over time, but there are several more extant and earlier examples of this building in NSW but not the same style or critical to the shaping of industrial history in the Newcastle region with important effects to industry and the economy of NSW. 2 This building represents a later phase of industrial development in gasworks in NSW than the earlier example of an ofﬁce building for the Newcastle Gasworks and Coke Co. in King St, Newcastle, dating to the early nineteenth century (Sinclair Croft 2006, Broomham 1996, Higginbotham 2008).

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 33 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

2.4.3 Statement of Signiﬁcance11

All identiﬁed heritage items and industrial structures and structural remains are assessed as having local signiﬁcance due to their association and role in the history of the Newcastle Gasworks and Coke Co., (a company formed in the early twentieth century by a group of local Newcastle councillors and identities), which was critical to the supply of gas to industry and domestic homes in Newcastle. These items and remains are also rare and endangered by future vandalism and there are no other extant remains of the remaining gasworks site in the Newcastle locality that date to the same period or the project area.

11 Taken from Virtus Heritage, 2018 and the heritage listing published by Newcastle City Council on www.environment.nsw.gov.au/ heritage. Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 34 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan 2.5 Boundary of Signiﬁcance (Heritage Curtilage)

2.5.1 Introduction

The NSW Heritage Office defines curtilage as “the extent of land around (a place) which should be defined as encompassing its heritage significance. This area of land is known as a heritage curtilage.”

There are four types of heritage curtilage:

Lot Boundary Heritage Curtilage, where the legal boundary of the allotment is deﬁned as the heritage curtilage. The allotment will generally contain all associated features such as outbuildings and gardens within its boundaries.

Reduced Heritage Curtilage, where an area less than the total allotment is deﬁned as the heritage curtilage, and is applicable where not all parts of a property contain places associated with its signiﬁcance.

Expanded Heritage Curtilage, where the heritage curtilage is actually larger than the allotment, and is particularly relevant where views to and/or from a place are signiﬁcant.

Composite Heritage Curtilage would generally apply to larger area combining a number of separate places, such as heritage conservation areas based on a block, precinct or whole village.

2.5.2 Heritage Curtilage of Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building and Fence

The former administration building and fence is a signiﬁcant landmark in the city of Newcastle. This has been recognised by its historical and aesthetic heritage values.

The physical curtilage of the administration building and fence is a reduced area of the former gasworks site boundary. Due to the siting of the building and the nature of its immediate context, the visual curtilage of the building and fence can be deﬁned by its frontage to the street. Views of the building and fence are not possible beyond the immediate context.

The overall curtilage for the place can be described as reduced heritage curtilage, and is shown in ﬁgure 25, following.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 35 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Figure 25 Area showing the reduced heritage curtilage of the former administration building and associated fence, as it extends in front of the administration building and the site of the former pump house. source: Heritas 2019

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 36 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan 3 MANAGING THE PLACE

3.1 Caring for Fabric

This CMP provides general guidelines for the care of the administration building and associated fence as a whole. Speciﬁc recommendations are made in the accompanying room datasheets (refer appendix). Where speciﬁc details of care are required, it is best to seek the advice of a conservation professional. In some cases, discussion and verbal advice may be all that is necessary to ensure minor work will be undertaken in a sympathetic manner.

The following table outlines guidelines for the treatment of signiﬁcant fabric. Grading of speciﬁc fabric, where appropriate, is given in the accompanying room datasheets.

GRADE Explanatory Notes of signiﬁcance & Treatment Guidelines

exceptional Rare or outstanding item of local or State signiﬁcance. High degree of intactness. Item can be interpreted easily. Fabric should be preserved, i.e. maintained in its existing state and measures taken to retard deterioration.

high High degree of original fabric. Demonstrates a key element of the item’s signiﬁcance. Alterations do not detract from signiﬁcance. Fabric should be conserved.

moderate Altered or modiﬁed elements. Elements with little heritage value, but which contribute to the overall heritage value of the item/place. Fabric may be conserved or adapted for re-use in accordance with the conservation of the place as a whole.

low Alterations detract from significance. Difficult to interpret. Fabric may be altered or removed with little consequence to the overall significance of the place.

intrusive Damaging to the heritage signiﬁcance of the item/place. Fabric should be removed.

3.2 Obligations & Opportunities

The purpose of this section is to assess the obligations and potential opportunities affecting the place, not only in terms of heritage, but also statutory and client requirements.

3.2.1 Obligations Arising from the Signiﬁcance of the Place

Complete with this CMP must be recognition of the level of signiﬁcance of the former administration building and associated front fence, and an obligation to protect it.

Generally, the place has a high level of significance, hence any works that take place must be done so as not to diminish that significance. It is the shared responsibility of the owners and users of the place to protect it. Adaptation may be carried out in relation to future use with regard for the assessed significance and within the recommendations of this CMP.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 37 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

The Burra Charter is the Australia ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) charter for the conservation of places of cultural signiﬁcance. Guidelines set out by the Burra Charter are recognised as the basis for conservation in Australia.

The Burra Charter includes statements regarding conservation principles, processes and practice, and is supplemented by guidelines for the establishment of cultural signiﬁcance and the formulation of a Conservation Policy and strategy for any item. While the recommendations of the Charter have no legal status, it is broadly accepted as a basis for heritage conservation philosophy, procedures and practice throughout Australia, and is consistent with international practice.

Any recommendations given within this document, including policies and recommendations within inventory sheets, are given with due respect to the principles of the Burra Charter.

3.2.2 Obligations Arising from Statutory Controls

NSW Heritage Act 1977

The place is not listed on the State Heritage Register (under the NSW Heritage Act 1977), therefore obligations the NSW Heritage Act are not relevant.

Newcastle City Council

Although classed as a State Significant Development site, future works must still comply with Council’s normal requirements of development from a heritage perspective. Any works proposed in the vicinity of a heritage item or in relation to any other aspects of the place defined as significant by this CMP, will require the submission of a Statement of Heritage Impact with any proposal for works.

For information, the Newcastle LEP 2012 requires consent for any of the following activities in relation to a heritage item. 1. Demolition work, in part or in whole. 2. Moving a heritage item. 3. Altering the exterior of a heritage item. 4. Altering a building by making structural changes, including internal structural changes. 5. Disturbing or excavating an archaeological site. 6. Disturbing or excavating an Aboriginal place. 7. Erecting a building. 8. Subdividing land.

It must be noted that while this CMP deals with the building and fence, the heritage listing is applicable to the entire lot boundary on which the building is located.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 38 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Statutory Controls Summary & Checklist

The following is a summary of statutory controls over the site.

Control Applicable Comments

Environment Protection and Biodiversity No Conservation Act 1999 NSW Heritage Act 1977 (& amendments) Yes The remediation of the site was declared as State Signiﬁcant Development in 2015 (application number SSD 7676). Assessment of the works by the NSW Department of Planning & Environment will take advice from the Ofﬁce of Environment & Heritage (OEH). As part of ongoing conservation works on the site that are separate to the remediation works being consented under SSD 7676, OEH will continue to play a role in approvals.

Environmental Protection & Assessment Act Yes • Any works must be in 1979 accordance with CMP • Statement of Heritage Impact Newcastle City Council with any Development Application Newcastle Local Environmental Plan 2012

3.2.3 Obligations Arising from Other Listings (Non-Statutory)

"The National Trust of Australia is a community-based, non-government organisation, committed to promoting and conserving Australia's indigenous, natural and historic heritage through its advocacy work and its custodianship of heritage places and objects." The Trust maintains a register of landscapes, townscapes, buildings, industrial sites, cemeteries and other items or places which the Trust determines have cultural signiﬁcance and are worthy of conservation. Currently, there are some 12,000 items listed on the Trust’s register.

The Trust’s register is intended to perform an advisory and educational role. The listing of a place in the register, known as ‘classification’, has no legal force however it is widely recognised as an authoritative statement of the cultural significance of a place. Therefore, there are no statutory obligations arising from National Trust Classification.

3.2.4 Opportunities of Adaptive Re-use

Despite a major renovation in 1995, the former administration building has been vacant since at least 2001 and has suffered from signiﬁcant vandalism. The building is available for adaptive re-use however until the site remediation is complete, it would be considered unsafe for use.

The heritage listing of the place must not be seen as a burden for re-use options. A future exploration of possibilities should include activation of LEP incentives for heritage items, which will allow uses outside of zoning restrictions where the conservation of the heritage item is achieved by a new use. If possible, future use should look to retain the site as a whole. Subdivision for smaller format uses should not be a primary objective. Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 39 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

3.3 Conservation Policy & Strategy

3.3.1 Introduction

The NSW Heritage Council states a Conservation Policy “explains the principles to be followed to retain or reveal an item’s signiﬁcance. The aim is to show how the heritage signiﬁcance of the item can be enhanced and maintained.”

In The Conservation Plan James Kerr notes that there is a “clear theoretical distinction between policies and the strategies for their implementation.” The Conservation Policy is largely dependent on the assessed level of signiﬁcance which is unlikely to change drastically over time, while the approach to implementation interprets this policy in light of the client requirements and funding, which are highly liable to change over time.

The strategy for conservation is set out in a number of actions which support the overall policies. Conservation actions are speciﬁc acts that support each conservation policy. For each conservation policy, there are a number of speciﬁc actions to help achieve the intent of the policy.

3.3.2 General Policy and Actions

Policy 1 The former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building and fence is a place of local heritage signiﬁcance and is to be conserved accordingly. Policy 1 a) The place is to be conserved in accordance with the principles and methods set out in Actions the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter. This includes any and all work proposed for the fabric, the site, and the landscape that would affect any of the material identiﬁed within this Conservation Management Plan as having cultural heritage value.

b) Prepare induction materials for all trades, volunteers, etc that highlights the signiﬁcance of the place, and will help to protect the fabric through better understanding.

c) Conservation of the fabric identified within this Conservation Management Plan as having cultural heritage value is important to the continued understanding and significance of the place. Any intervention in significant fabric is to be minimal and reversible, and appropriate to its level of significance. Always follow the Burra Charter acronym of DAMANBALAP - do as much as necessary but as little as possible.

d) A copy of this Conservation Management Plan is to be lodged with Newcastle City Council and with Jemena.

e) This Conservation Management Plan is to be reviewed and reassessed every ﬁve years, or more frequently on a need-based schedule.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 40 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

3.3.3 Speciﬁc Policy and Actions

Policy 2 The archaeological signiﬁcance of the former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building and fence is to be conserved. Policy 2 a) Any relic uncovered is to be conserved in accordance with the guidelines stipulated by Actions NSW National Parks and Wildlife Services (Aboriginal archaeology) and/or the NSW Heritage Act (European archaeology). The deﬁnition of relic is that given in the NSW Heritage Act and in the Virtus Heritage report.

1) If development, including demolition, is proposed on the site that could disturb any possible archaeological relics, the proponent is to ﬁrst seek the advice of an archaeologist and supply them with a copy of this Conservation Management Plan. An archaeologist can assist with any required approvals. Development impacts must not proceed in the absence of receipt of the appropriate approvals; and

2) In the event that any substantial intact archaeological deposits or State signiﬁcant relics are discovered during construction, work must cease in the affected area and the Heritage Council must be notiﬁed in writing in accordance with s.146 of the Act; and

3) All employees and contractors associated with construction must be made aware of the nature of potential heritage evidence; the deﬁnition of a relic; the provisions of the Heritage Act 1977; and when to request the assistance of a qualiﬁed archaeologist. This information is to form part of the induction noted under Policy 1(b).

* Note that the current remediation work has already been the subject of an archaeological assessment. Policy 2 is given as a general direction for any future works directly related to the former administration building and associated fence.

Policy 3 Encourage a greater public understanding of the former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building and fence through interpretation. Policy 3 a) Any future use is to recognise and retain a public understanding of the original use of the Actions building as an administrative building for the gasworks site, for instance through retention of the sandstone signage, retention of some original spaces within the building, and retention of ﬁxtures such as ﬁreplaces and external plaques. No building is to be erected on the site of the former pump house, and that site is to offer some form of subtle interpretation.

b) Seek to conserve, or reconstruct where appropriate, original elements to enhance passive interpretation of the place. For example, restoration of the large ofﬁce space on the west of the building.

c) Encourage a diverse eventual use of the site to widen public knowledge and interpretation of the place. A greater understanding by the community leads to an increased sense of ownership, and therefore care. Engagement = Ownership = Care

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 41 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Policy 4 Conserve the curtilage of the former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building and fence. Policy 4 a) Ensure that no additional building form is constructed within the curtilage zone identiﬁed Actions in ﬁgure 24, and reproduced below.

Policy 5 Conserve the significant build fabric of the former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building and fence. Policy 5 a) Conservation work to built fabric identified as significant is to be guided by the Actions accompanying inventory sheets. Generally, any course of action for original fabric must follow a preference to preserve, if not possible then repair, if not possible then reconstruct.

b) All work to fabric identiﬁed as signiﬁcant, must be done in accordance with the recommendations detailed in the Conservation Management Plan for the place.

c) As a general rule, all fabric should be retained unless identified as intrusive, or further investigated and determined to be intrusive, or otherwise of little significance. In situ retention is preferable, however retention can also occasionally involve dismantling and re-use, either in building or interpretive work. Intrusive fabric is defined as fabric that is damaging to the item’s heritage significance, and where noted is included in the inventory sheets contained in the appendix.

d) Proposed conservation works must refer speciﬁcally to the relevant datasheets for information on levels of signiﬁcance and appropriate levels of conservation work.

e) Routine maintenance must be carried out on a cyclical basis, with responsibilities being clearly deﬁned.

f) Deteriorated fabric that allows further damage to occur, or allows for the deterioration of other fabric, must be repaired immediately. All work must be done under the guidelines presented in this Conservation Management Plan.

g) Where intervention to signiﬁcant fabric is proposed and approved by appropriate authorities, such fabric must be recorded and the scope of intervention documented in accordance with NSW Heritage Council guidelines for archival recording. This especially applies to any demolition works.

h) Intervention to fabric considered signiﬁcant should be reversible.

i) All volunteers, employees and contractors associated with work of any type to the place (including landscaping) must be made aware of the nature of potential heritage evidence, including the definition of a relic, the provisions of the Heritage Act 1977, when to request the assistance of a qualified archaeologist and other issues as relevant to the specific works. See also Policy 1(b).

j) To ensure immediate conservation of fabric, commission a detailed assessment and scope of works for the conservation of the roof, the sandstone elements.

k) To ensure the medium term protection of the fabric, provide for enhanced physical security for the original fence by extending the chain mesh fence to enclose the entirety of the brick fencing. Provide also for security against intruders and against ﬁre by the provision of internal security cameras and a ﬁre detection system. Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 42 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Policy 6 Conserve the cultural heritage signiﬁcance of the former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building and fence through adaptive re-use. Policy 6 a) In due course and following successful remediation of the site, commission an exploration Actions of possible and sympathetic adaptive re-uses for the site. The study must involve all stakeholders including nearby residents and the greater Hamilton and Islington community.

Policy 7 Speciﬁcally conserve the cultural heritage signiﬁcance of the former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building and fence during remediation works to the greater site. Policy 7 a) Protect the building fabric of the administration building and fence during the proposed Actions remediation work by providing a fence at a 3m minimum distance from the structures. The fence height must be minimum 1.8m and of solid construction. The Clyde Street access way must not be used during the remediation work, and must be within the protected zone.

b) Protect the building fabric of the administration building and fence during the proposed remediation work through the careful use of machinery and equipment within the vicinity of the heritage structures, including not using vibratory machinery within buffer distances nominate in the Environmental Impact Statement, and project approval. Site inductions are to speciﬁcally highlight this - refer to Policy 5(i).

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 43 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan 3.4 Conservation Priorities

Caring for a heritage place must allow for contemporary use to ensure its long term conservation.

The implementation of policy actions outlines suggested methods of commencement of conservation works. The strategy for implementation of policy is liable to change over time, and regular review of the strategy is to be carried out to assess:

a) if the aims of the strategy to date have been achieved,

b) the impact of any works on the signiﬁcance of the place, and

c) what amendments to the strategy are required in light of altered circumstances, either in use, funding availability, or the recommendations of other strategies/plans.

The suggested review period for the implementation strategy is every 12 months, or less as required to ensure the maintenance of heritage values on the site.

3.4.1 Responsibility

The conservation policy for the former Gasworks Administration Building and fence has been formulated after review of its history and considered assessment of its cultural significance. All persons involved in the management and caretaking of the place, all user groups, and tradespeople involved in any works on the site (including maintenance work), must be made aware of the significance of the place and hence their responsibility in contributing to the retention of that significance.

3.4.2 Works by priority

The strategy for implementing policy is based on the assessed signiﬁcance of the former Gasworks Administration Building and fence, and for the immediate future of the greater site. To this end, works are to be developed prioritising:

a) continuing to secure the place against vandalism;

b) securing the place against further deterioration by weather and nature; and

c) the conservation of signiﬁcant building fabric.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 44 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Works Within 6 months Priority 1 a) Prepare an induction brieﬁng related to heritage, and integrate it into the normal induction process for all site work. b) Commission scope of works for roof repair to ensure the building remains water tight, including the removal of any vegetation growing on the roof/gutters/etc, and the replacement of the metal roof sheeting to the front verandah.

Works Within 12 months Priority 2 a) Undertake repair works to roof.

Works Within 2 years Priority 3 a) Commission exploration of adaptive re-use study in line with Jemena direction for the site.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 45 former Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan 4 REFERENCES

Australia ICOMOS, The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Signiﬁcance, Australia ICOMOS: 2013.

Kerr, James Semple. The Conservation Plan (5th Ed.), National Trust of Australia, Sydney: 2000.

Reedman, Les. Early Architects of the Hunter Region: A Hundred Years to 1940 (second edition), Australian Institute of Architects: 2010.

Suters Architects. Newcastle City Wide Heritage Study, Thematic History, unpublished report for Newcastle City Council: 1996/7.

Virtus Heritage. Historical Heritage Assessment for the Newcastle Gasworks (Clyde Street) Remediation Project, unpublished report for Jemena Gas Networks (NSW) Limited: 2018.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 46 Newcastle Gasworks Conservation Management Plan APPENDIX A - Floor Plan & Room Datasheets

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component West Façade (Clyde Street)

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Face brick facade in a Queen Anne style with two gable ends facing the street, and recessed central entrance porch with three brick piers supporting sandstone ‘brackets'. The brick facade is detailed with sandstone sills and parapet capping, and gable finials in carved gas flame motifs. A taller brick and sandstone tower element defines the southern end of the building, and entrance to the site. Building signage is also carved sandstone, inlaid into the brick gables. A central sandstone slabs sits over the porch entrance, and notes the construction date of 1911. The brickwork is in English Bond, commonly used where high strength in required. Flat brick arches over some windows; semi-circle brick arches with dentil detail over hallway window on south end. The gables have evidence of black tuckpointing.

Condition Brickwork appears to be in fair condition. Sandstone detailing is spalling and in poor condition.

Historical Notes Elevation believed to be in original format.

Significant Fabric Exceptional Presentation of facade, with gable ends and recessed open verandah; sandstone detailing; fenestration; tower element; flame motifs. Management 1. Commission brickwork assessment, and subsequent repair. Recommendations 2. Commission sandstone assessment, and subsequent repair. Assessment and repair must be undertaken by a qualified stonemason. 3. Repair all timber window frames and sashes. Where reconstruction is necessary, new windows should match existing in all aspects.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 1 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component North Façade

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Face brick frontage with central recessed archway and smaller door opening (boarded over). Terracotta tile roof, hipped to east and parapet to west. Sandstone corbel supporting metal gutter.

Condition Fair.

Historical Notes The archway was possibly a large opening into the original store room.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Recessed brick arched opening, with solid walls either side denoting original use of room; sandstone gutter corbel.

Management 1. Monitor brickwork for rising damp. Recommendations 2. Further investigate original purpose of recessed archway.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 2 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component East Façade

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description The rear facade of the building. Face brickwork walls with timber windows and door openings. Two brick porches mark the entrance to the (original) main hallway, and the original store room.

Condition Fair.

Historical Notes Timber verandah re-built as part of 1990s work.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Face brickwork to wall and porches; timber windows and doors.

Management 1. Monitor brickwork for rising damp. Recommendations 2. Conserve fabric, repair to match existing where necessary.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 3 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component South Façade

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Face brick facade with timber casement windows to former Clerk's Oﬃce. Verandah with timber posts and timber post brackets; verandah surface in concrete with sandstone border. Terracotta tile roof, hipped to east and parapet to west. Sandstone corbel supporting metal gutter (above verandah); galvanised Custom Orb roof sheet to verandah. Three metal plaques ﬁxed to brick wall surface, noting original 1867 gasworks, opening of Hamilton North gasworks 1913, and marking restoration works 1995.

Condition Fair.

Historical Notes Verandah re-built as part of 1990s work. No evidence of former weigh bridge booth (see CMP ﬁgure 10).

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Face brickwork to wall and porches; timber windows and doors; plaques.

Management 1. Monitor brickwork for rising damp. Recommendations 2. Conserve fabric, repair to match existing where necessary.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 4 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Roof

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Hipped roof covered in terracotta Marseilles profile tiles, with crested ridge tiles and ridge finials. Large face brick and sandstone finial at southern end of roof, marking driveway entrance to site. Two chimneys in face brick and sandstone capping, with terracotta pots. Rear, side and front enclosed verandah in galvanised Custom Orb metal sheet. Two large brick parapet porch structures on east facade (rear) also have galvanised Custom Orb metal sheet roofing behind.

Condition Appears fair.

Historical Notes Appears to be original form.

Significant Fabric High Terracotta tile fabric, chimneys, porch roofs and decorative finials including large brick and sandstone tower element at entry driveway; flame finials to gables.

Management 1. Ensure water tight roof - scope required works and repair to match existing Recommendations detail in all respects. 2. Replace front verandah roof sheeting, and any timber roof structure requiring replacement. 3. Remove any vegetation growing on roof.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 5 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Entry Porch

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Enclosed colonnade style front entry porch, giving access to main entry hallway and also former store room (now oﬃce). Large face brick columns with large decorative sandstone column brackets supporting parapet above. Concrete verandah ﬂooring, timber casement and awning windows and timber doors, sandstone sills.

Condition Fair.

Historical Notes Appears to be original form and materials.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Form of verandah, timber windows, sandstone detailing.

Management 1. Repair roof over. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 6 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Oﬃce 01

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Large office space formerly store room. Carpet floor covering over timber, deep timber skirting, rendered and painted walls, new plasterboard ceiling and coved cornice. Timber windows and doors, large Diocletian-style window to front street, along with smaller double casement windows.Large, suspended fluorescent light fitting. Gas heaters - front corner and rear wall. Suspended fluorescent tube lighting.

Condition Poor. Water damage (likely falling damp), vandalism. Ceiling partially collapsed.

Historical Notes Divided for use as oﬃce, c1990s.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Windows.

Management 1. Inspect and remove possible wasp nest in ceiling space. Recommendations 2. In due course, consider restoring space to original size. 3. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 7 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Oﬃce 02

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Small office space with rendered and painted brick walls to west and south, with dado mould. Plasterboard walls to east and north, reflecting 1990s work. Door and highlight, and glazed wall panels at ceiling level also date to 1990s work. Large timber skirtings, carpeted timber floor. Suspended fluorescent tube lighting. Small gas heater on southern wall. Pressed metal ceiling.

Condition Poor. Vandalism and water damage.

Historical Notes Room space created c1990s as part of conservation work.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Timber window to front verandah; original masonry walls.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 8 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Oﬃce 03

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Small office space with rendered and painted brick walls to west and north, with dado mould. Plasterboard walls to east and south, reflecting 1990s work. Door and highlight, and glazed wall panels at ceiling level also date to 1990s work. Large timber skirtings, carpeted timber floor. Suspended fluorescent tube lighting. Pressed metal ceiling.

Condition Fair. Vandalism and water damage.

Historical Notes Room space created c1990s as part of conservation work.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Timber window to front verandah; original masonry walls.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 9 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Oﬃce 04

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Large office space original used as Clark's Office. Large timber panelled doors with glazed highlights over provide entry from main hallway. Carpeted timber floor, large timber skirtings, pressed metal ceiling and cornice. Suspended fluorescent tube lighting. Large metal strongroom door, manufacturer’s crest removed. Marble fireplace with brick insert surrounding gas heater, marble mantle. Matches fireplace in Engineer’s Office.

Condition Fair.

Historical Notes Original form dating to 1911.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Open plan space; pressed metal ceiling; marble ﬁreplace with gas heater; timber doors and windows; metal door to strong room.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 10 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Oﬃce 05

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Office space original used as Engineer’s Office. Timber panelled door with glazed highlight over provides entry from main hallway (hallway 01), and from secondary hallway (hallway 02, former laboratory). Carpeted timber floor, large timber skirtings, pressed metal ceiling and cornice. Suspended fluorescent tube lighting. Marble fireplace with brick insert surrounding gas heater, marble mantle. Matches fireplace in Clark's Office.

Condition Fair.

Historical Notes Originally Engineer’s Oﬃce.

Significant Fabric High Original size of office space; timber windows and doors; fireplace and gas heater; pressed metal ceiling.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 11 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Oﬃce 06

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Rendered and painted brick walls to north and part of east and west walls. Carpeted timber ﬂoor, large timber skirtings. Plasterboard ceiling and coved cornice. Timber windows and doors with highlights over - door leafs not original. Suspended ﬂuorescent tube lighting.

Condition Fair. Vandalism and water damage.

Historical Notes Former workshop. Two doorways created into new oﬃce space to north c1990s.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Gas infrastructure on southern wall, timber windows; painted brick walls (unrendered) which denotes an earlier use of this room as a workshop. Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 12 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Oﬃce 07

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Large space used as office, formerly part of store room. Modern kitchenette on north-west corner, dismantled. Rendered and painted brick walls. Carpeted timber floor, large timber skirtings. Timber casement windows with highlights over. Timber panelled door giving access from rear verandah. Suspended fluorescent tube lighting. Plasterboard ceiling and coved cornice.

Condition Fair. Vandalism and water damage.

Historical Notes Originally part of store room.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Timber windows.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 13 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Kitchenette

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Small kitchenette space with rendered and painted brick walls to west and partial north. Plasterboard walls to east and south, reflecting 1990s work. Door and highlight, and glazed wall panels at ceiling level also date to 1990s work. Large timber skirtings, sheet timber floor. Pressed metal ceiling, with ceiling mounted fluorescent batten light.

Condition Fair. Water damage to wall and ceiling.

Historical Notes Originally part of drawing oﬃce but converted for use as kitchenette c1990s.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Rendered wall surfaces; timber window; pressed metal ceiling.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 14 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Toilet 01

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Small male toilet space, with early 20th century pedestal basin, terrazzo cubicle walls, stainless urinal trough, and ceramic tiles to ﬂoor and wall (not full height). Timber double casement window with highlight inﬁlled with glass louvres. Walls rendered and painted above tiles. Plasterboard walls and coved cornice.

Condition Fair.

Historical Notes Originally part of laboratory. Conversion for toilet c1990s.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Timber window.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 15 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Washroom

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Entry space to women's toilet, with green coloured pedestal basin (no tapware). Timber panelled door with highlight to entry. Rendered and painted brick walls. Tiled walls (half height) in square ceramic tiles, yellow colour, with integrated soap dish tile to side of basin. Awning window and hopper highlight. Suspended globe light ﬁtting central to pressed metal ceiling and cornice. Ceramic tiles to ﬂoor.

Condition Fair.

Historical Notes Original washroom space.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Form of space; rendered walls with dado mould; pressed metal ceiling; basin.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 16 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Toilet 02

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Toilet cubicle space, with tiled ﬂoor. Rendered and painted brick walls, with dado mould. Timber casement window with timber hopper above. Modern toilet suite with plastic cistern.

Condition Fair.

Historical Notes Original toilet cubicle.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Form of space; timber window.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 17 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Strongroom

Image Access unavailable. April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Strong room with heavy metal door - manufacturer’s plaque removed.

Condition Unknown.

Historical Notes Assumed use as safe keeping for gasworks administration.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Form of room; metal door.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 18 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Hallway 01

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Carpeted timber ﬂoor, large timber skirtings, rendered and painted brick walls with dado mould, pressed metal ceiling and cornice. Suspended globe light ﬁttings c1990s. Timber porch structure with French door style at eastern end provides a weather lock to the rear verandah. Double casement timber window with arched highlight above and original hardware, to western end.

Condition Fair. Vandalism and water damage (signiﬁcant at western end, and to ceiling).

Historical Notes Main hallway in original form, providing access to all original oﬃce spaces.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Timber windows and doors; pressed metal ceiling; rendered walls with dado mould.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 19 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Hallway 02

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Carpeted timber ﬂoor, large timber skirtings, rendered and painted brick wall to east, variable wall surfaces to west (see individual rooms). Pressed metal ceiling and cornice. Suspended c1990s globe light ﬁttings.

Condition Fair. Vandalism.

Historical Notes Hallway formed as part of c1990s work.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High Pressed metal ceiling; rendered and painted brick wall to eastern side of hallway.

Management 1. Conserve signiﬁcant internal fabric as part of adaptive re-use. Recommendations

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 20 Newcastle Gasworks Administration Building Conservation Management Plan

Component Front Fence

Image April 2019, Heritas

Plan April 2019, Heritas

Description Decorative face brick and sandstone detail fence piers, with metal palisade inﬁll panels, matching metal double vehicle gates and two pedestrian gates. Brickwork with remnant black tuckpointing. Taller and more decorative piers, and curved metal panel, at either side of entry point.

Condition Fair. Some damage to stone cappings. Pointing deteriorating. Paint coat in door condition.

Historical Notes Frontage to original administration building and pump house (demolished). Drive gates reconstructed c1990s.

Signiﬁcant Fabric High All of fabric.

Management 1. Conserve as part of adaptive re-use, and for interpretation of original pump Recommendations house location.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Appendix A | Page 21 Newcastle Gasworks Conservation Management Plan APPENDIX B - The Burra Charter

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019

The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance 2013

Australia ICOMOS Incorporated International Council on Monuments and Sites

ICOMOS Revision of the Burra Charter ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments The Burra Charter was first adopted in 1979 at the and Sites) is a non-governmental professional historic South Australian mining town of Burra. organisation formed in 1965, with headquarters in Minor revisions were made in 1981 and 1988, with Paris. ICOMOS is primarily concerned with the more substantial changes in 1999. philosophy, terminology, methodology and Following a review this version was adopted by techniques of cultural heritage conservation. It is Australia ICOMOS in October 2013. closely linked to UNESCO, particularly in its role under the World Heritage Convention 1972 as The review process included replacement of the UNESCO’s principal adviser on cultural matters 1988 Guidelines to the Burra Charter with Practice related to World Heritage. The 11,000 members of Notes which are available at: australia.icomos.org ICOMOS include architects, town planners, Australia ICOMOS documents are periodically demographers, archaeologists, geographers, reviewed and we welcome any comments. historians, conservators, anthropologists, scientists, engineers and heritage administrators. Members in Citing the Burra Charter the 103 countries belonging to ICOMOS are formed The full reference is The Burra Charter: The Australia into National Committees and participate in a ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, range of conservation projects, research work, 2013. Initial textual references should be in the form intercultural exchanges and cooperative activities. of the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter, 2013 and ICOMOS also has 27 International Scientific later references in the short form (Burra Charter). Committees that focus on particular aspects of the conservation field. ICOMOS members meet © Australia ICOMOS Incorporated 2013 triennially in a General Assembly. The Burra Charter consists of the Preamble, Australia ICOMOS Articles, Explanatory Notes and the flow chart. The Australian National Committee of ICOMOS This publication may be reproduced, but only in its (Australia ICOMOS) was formed in 1976. It elects entirety including the front cover and this page. an Executive Committee of 15 members, which is Formatting must remain unaltered. Parts of the responsible for carrying out national programs and Burra Charter may be quoted with appropriate participating in decisions of ICOMOS as an citing and acknowledgement. international organisation. It provides expert advice as required by ICOMOS, especially in its Cover photograph by Ian Stapleton. relationship with the World Heritage Committee. Australia ICOMOS Incorporated [ARBN 155 731 025] Australia ICOMOS acts as a national and Secretariat: c/o Faculty of Arts international link between public authorities, Deakin University institutions and individuals involved in the study Burwood, VIC 3125 and conservation of all places of cultural Australia significance. Australia ICOMOS members participate in a range of conservation activities http://australia.icomos.org/ including site visits, training, conferences and ISBN 0 9578528 4 3 meetings.

The Burra Charter (The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, 2013)

Preamble the Charter. Explanatory Notes also form part of Considering the International Charter for the the Charter. Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and The Charter is self-contained, but aspects of its use Sites (Venice 1964), and the Resolutions of the 5th and application are further explained, in a series of General Assembly of the International Council on Australia ICOMOS Practice Notes, in The Illustrated Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (Moscow 1978), Burra Charter, and in other guiding documents the Burra Charter was adopted by Australia available from the Australia ICOMOS web site: ICOMOS (the Australian National Committee of australia.icomos.org. ICOMOS) on 19 August 1979 at Burra, South Australia. Revisions were adopted on 23 February What places does the Charter apply to? 1981, 23 April 1988, 26 November 1999 and 31 The Charter can be applied to all types of places of October 2013. cultural significance including natural, Indigenous The Burra Charter provides guidance for the and historic places with cultural values. conservation and management of places of cultural The standards of other organisations may also be significance (cultural heritage places), and is based relevant. These include the Australian Natural on the knowledge and experience of Australia Heritage Charter, Ask First: a guide to respecting ICOMOS members. Indigenous heritage places and values and Significance Conservation is an integral part of the management 2.0: a guide to assessing the significance of collections. of places of cultural significance and is an ongoing National and international charters and other responsibility. doctrine may be relevant. See australia.icomos.org. Who is the Charter for? Why conserve? The Charter sets a standard of practice for those Places of cultural significance enrich people’s lives, who provide advice, make decisions about, or often providing a deep and inspirational sense of undertake works to places of cultural significance, connection to community and landscape, to the including owners, managers and custodians. past and to lived experiences. They are historical records, that are important expressions of Using the Charter Australian identity and experience. Places of The Charter should be read as a whole. Many cultural significance reflect the diversity of our articles are interdependent. communities, telling us about who we are and the The Charter consists of: past that has formed us and the Australian landscape. They are irreplaceable and precious. • Definitions Article 1 • Conservation Principles Articles 2–13 These places of cultural significance must be • Conservation Processes Articles 14–25 conserved for present and future generations in • Conservation Practices Articles 26–34 accordance with the principle of inter-generational • The Burra Charter Process flow chart. equity. The key concepts are included in the Conservation The Burra Charter advocates a cautious approach Principles section and these are further developed to change: do as much as necessary to care for the in the Conservation Processes and Conservation place and to make it useable, but otherwise change Practice sections. The flow chart explains the Burra it as little as possible so that its cultural significance Charter Process (Article 6) and is an integral part of is retained.

The Burra Charter, 2013 Australia ICOMOS Incorporated — 1

Articles Explanatory Notes

Article 1. Definitions

For the purposes of this Charter:

1.1 Place means a geographically defined area. It may include Place has a broad scope and includes natural elements, objects, spaces and views. Place may have tangible and cultural features. Place can be large or small: for example, a memorial, a tree, an and intangible dimensions. individual building or group of buildings, the location of an historical event, an urban area or town, a cultural landscape, a garden, an industrial plant, a shipwreck, a site with in situ remains, a stone arrangement, a road or travel route, a community meeting place, a site with spiritual or religious connections. 1.2 Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or The term cultural significance is synonymous spiritual value for past, present or future generations. with cultural heritage significance and cultural heritage value.

Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, Cultural significance may change over time setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and and with use. related objects. Understanding of cultural significance may change as a result of new information. Places may have a range of values for different individuals or groups.

1.3 Fabric means all the physical material of the place including Fabric includes building interiors and sub- elements, fixtures, contents and objects. surface remains, as well as excavated material. Natural elements of a place may also constitute fabric. For example the rocks that signify a Dreaming place.

Fabric may define spaces and views and these may be part of the significance of the place.

1.4 Conservation means all the processes of looking after a place so as See also Article 14. to retain its cultural significance.

1.5 Maintenance means the continuous protective care of a place, and Examples of protective care include: its setting. • maintenance — regular inspection and cleaning of a place, e.g. mowing and Maintenance is to be distinguished from repair which involves pruning in a garden; restoration or reconstruction. • repair involving restoration — returning dislodged or relocated fabric to its original location e.g. loose roof gutters on a building or displaced rocks in a stone bora ring; • repair involving reconstruction — replacing decayed fabric with new fabric 1.6 Preservation means maintaining a place in its existing state and It is recognised that all places and their retarding deterioration. elements change over time at varying rates.

1.7 Restoration means returning a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing elements without the introduction of new material.

1.8 Reconstruction means returning a place to a known earlier state New material may include recycled material and is distinguished from restoration by the introduction of new salvaged from other places. This should not be to the detriment of any place of cultural material. significance.

1.9 Adaptation means changing a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.

1.10 Use means the functions of a place, including the activities and Use includes for example cultural practices traditional and customary practices that may occur at the place commonly associated with Indigenous peoples such as ceremonies, hunting and or are dependent on the place. fishing, and fulfillment of traditional obligations. Exercising a right of access may be a use. 2 — Australia ICOMOS Incorporated The Burra Charter, 2013

Articles Explanatory Notes

1.11 Compatible use means a use which respects the cultural significance of a place. Such a use involves no, or minimal, impact on cultural significance. 1.12 Setting means the immediate and extended environment of a Setting may include: structures, spaces, land, water and sky; the visual setting including place that is part of or contributes to its cultural significance and views to and from the place, and along a distinctive character. cultural route; and other sensory aspects of the setting such as smells and sounds. Setting may also include historical and contemporary relationships, such as use and activities, social and spiritual practices, and relationships with other places, both tangible and intangible. 1.13 Related place means a place that contributes to the cultural significance of another place.

1.14 Related object means an object that contributes to the cultural Objects at a place are encompassed by the significance of a place but is not at the place. definition of place, and may or may not contribute to its cultural significance.

1.15 Associations mean the connections that exist between people and Associations may include social or spiritual a place. values and cultural responsibilities for a place.

1.16 Meanings denote what a place signifies, indicates, evokes or Meanings generally relate to intangible expresses to people. dimensions such as symbolic qualities and memories. 1.17 Interpretation means all the ways of presenting the cultural Interpretation may be a combination of the significance of a place. treatment of the fabric (e.g. maintenance, restoration, reconstruction); the use of and activities at the place; and the use of introduced explanatory material.

Conservation Principles

Article 2. Conservation and management

2.1 Places of cultural significance should be conserved.

2.2 The aim of conservation is to retain the cultural significance of a place.

2.3 Conservation is an integral part of good management of places of cultural significance.

2.4 Places of cultural significance should be safeguarded and not put at risk or left in a vulnerable state.

Article 3. Cautious approach

3.1 Conservation is based on a respect for the existing fabric, use, The traces of additions, alterations and earlier associations and meanings. It requires a cautious approach of treatments to the fabric of a place are evidence of its history and uses which may be part of its changing as much as necessary but as little as possible. significance. Conservation action should assist and not impede their understanding.

3.2 Changes to a place should not distort the physical or other evidence it provides, nor be based on conjecture.

Article 4. Knowledge, skills and techniques

4.1 Conservation should make use of all the knowledge, skills and disciplines which can contribute to the study and care of the place.

The Burra Charter, 2013 Australia ICOMOS Incorporated — 3

Articles Explanatory Notes

4.2 Traditional techniques and materials are preferred for the The use of modern materials and techniques conservation of significant fabric. In some circumstances modern must be supported by firm scientific evidence or by a body of experience. techniques and materials which offer substantial conservation benefits may be appropriate.

Article 5. Values

5.1 Conservation of a place should identify and take into Conservation of places with natural consideration all aspects of cultural and natural significance significance is explained in the Australian Natural Heritage Charter. This Charter without unwarranted emphasis on any one value at the expense defines natural significance to mean the of others. importance of ecosystems, biodiversity and geodiversity for their existence value or for present or future generations, in terms of their scientific, social, aesthetic and life-support value.

In some cultures, natural and cultural values are indivisible. 5.2 Relative degrees of cultural significance may lead to different A cautious approach is needed, as conservation actions at a place. understanding of cultural significance may change. This article should not be used to justify actions which do not retain cultural significance.

Article 6. Burra Charter Process 6.1 The cultural significance of a place and other issues affecting its The Burra Charter Process, or sequence of future are best understood by a sequence of collecting and investigations, decisions and actions, is illustrated below and in more detail in the analysing information before making decisions. Understanding accompanying flow chart which forms part of cultural significance comes first, then development of policy the Charter.

and finally management of the place in accordance with the policy. This is the Burra Charter Process. Understand Significance

6.2 Policy for managing a place must be based on an understanding ê

of its cultural significance. Develop Policy

6.3 Policy development should also include consideration of other ê factors affecting the future of a place such as the owner’s needs, Manage in Accordance with Policy resources, external constraints and its physical condition.

6.4 In developing an effective policy, different ways to retain Options considered may include a range of cultural significance and address other factors may need to be uses and changes (e.g. adaptation) to a place. explored. 6.5 Changes in circumstances, or new information or perspectives, may require reiteration of part or all of the Burra Charter Process.

Article 7. Use

7.1 Where the use of a place is of cultural significance it should be retained.

7.2 A place should have a compatible use. The policy should identify a use or combination of uses or constraints on uses that retain the cultural significance of the place. New use of a place should involve minimal change to significant fabric and use; should respect associations and meanings; and where appropriate should provide for continuation of activities and practices which contribute to the cultural significance of the place.

4 — Australia ICOMOS Incorporated The Burra Charter, 2013

Articles Explanatory Notes

Article 8. Setting

Conservation requires the retention of an appropriate setting. This Setting is explained in Article 1.12. includes retention of the visual and sensory setting, as well as the retention of spiritual and other cultural relationships that contribute to the cultural significance of the place. New construction, demolition, intrusions or other changes which would adversely affect the setting or relationships are not appropriate.

Article 9. Location

9.1 The physical location of a place is part of its cultural significance. A building, work or other element of a place should remain in its historical location. Relocation is generally unacceptable unless this is the sole practical means of ensuring its survival.

9.2 Some buildings, works or other elements of places were designed to be readily removable or already have a history of relocation. Provided such buildings, works or other elements do not have significant links with their present location, removal may be appropriate.

9.3 If any building, work or other element is moved, it should be moved to an appropriate location and given an appropriate use. Such action should not be to the detriment of any place of cultural significance.

Article 10. Contents

Contents, fixtures and objects which contribute to the cultural For example, the repatriation (returning) of an significance of a place should be retained at that place. Their removal object or element to a place may be important to Indigenous cultures, and may be essential is unacceptable unless it is: the sole means of ensuring their security to the retention of its cultural significance. and preservation; on a temporary basis for treatment or exhibition; for Article 28 covers the circumstances where cultural reasons; for health and safety; or to protect the place. Such significant fabric might be disturbed, for contents, fixtures and objects should be returned where example, during archaeological excavation. circumstances permit and it is culturally appropriate. Article 33 deals with significant fabric that has been removed from a place.

Article 11. Related places and objects

The contribution which related places and related objects make to the cultural significance of the place should be retained.

Article 12. Participation

Conservation, interpretation and management of a place should provide for the participation of people for whom the place has significant associations and meanings, or who have social, spiritual or other cultural responsibilities for the place.

Article 13. Co-existence of cultural values Co-existence of cultural values should always be recognised, For some places, conflicting cultural values may affect policy development and respected and encouraged. This is especially important in cases management decisions. In Article 13, the term where they conflict. cultural values refers to those beliefs which are important to a cultural group, including but not limited to political, religious, spiritual and moral beliefs. This is broader than values associated with cultural significance.

The Burra Charter, 2013 Australia ICOMOS Incorporated — 5

Articles Explanatory Notes

Conservation Processes

Article 14. Conservation processes

Conservation may, according to circumstance, include the processes Conservation normally seeks to slow of: retention or reintroduction of a use; retention of associations and deterioration unless the significance of the place dictates otherwise. There may be meanings; maintenance, preservation, restoration, reconstruction, circumstances where no action is required to adaptation and interpretation; and will commonly include a achieve conservation. combination of more than one of these. Conservation may also include retention of the contribution that related places and related objects make to the cultural significance of a place.

Article 15. Change

15.1 Change may be necessary to retain cultural significance, but is When change is being considered, including undesirable where it reduces cultural significance. The amount for a temporary use, a range of options should be explored to seek the option which of change to a place and its use should be guided by the cultural minimises any reduction to its cultural significance of the place and its appropriate interpretation. significance.

It may be appropriate to change a place where this reflects a change in cultural meanings or practices at the place, but the significance of the place should always be respected. 15.2 Changes which reduce cultural significance should be reversible, Reversible changes should be considered and be reversed when circumstances permit. temporary. Non-reversible change should only be used as a last resort and should not prevent future conservation action.

15.3 Demolition of significant fabric of a place is generally not acceptable. However, in some cases minor demolition may be appropriate as part of conservation. Removed significant fabric should be reinstated when circumstances permit.

15.4 The contributions of all aspects of cultural significance of a place should be respected. If a place includes fabric, uses, associations or meanings of different periods, or different aspects of cultural significance, emphasising or interpreting one period or aspect at the expense of another can only be justified when what is left out, removed or diminished is of slight cultural significance and that which is emphasised or interpreted is of much greater cultural significance.

Article 16. Maintenance

Maintenance is fundamental to conservation. Maintenance should be Maintaining a place may be important to the undertaken where fabric is of cultural significance and its maintenance fulfilment of traditional laws and customs in some Indigenous communities and other is necessary to retain that cultural significance. cultural groups.

Article 17. Preservation Preservation is appropriate where the existing fabric or its condition Preservation protects fabric without obscuring evidence of its construction and use. The constitutes evidence of cultural significance, or where insufficient process should always be applied: evidence is available to allow other conservation processes to be • where the evidence of the fabric is of such carried out. significance that it should not be altered; or • where insufficient investigation has been carried out to permit policy decisions to be taken in accord with Articles 26 to 28. New work (e.g. stabilisation) may be carried out in association with preservation when its purpose is the physical protection of the fabric and when it is consistent with Article 22. 6 — Australia ICOMOS Incorporated The Burra Charter, 2013

Articles Explanatory Notes

Article 18. Restoration and reconstruction

Restoration and reconstruction should reveal culturally significant aspects of the place.

Article 19. Restoration Restoration is appropriate only if there is sufficient evidence of an earlier state of the fabric.

Article 20. Reconstruction

20.1 Reconstruction is appropriate only where a place is incomplete Places with social or spiritual value may through damage or alteration, and only where there is sufficient warrant reconstruction, even though very little may remain (e.g. only building footings evidence to reproduce an earlier state of the fabric. In some or tree stumps following fire, flood or storm). cases, reconstruction may also be appropriate as part of a use or The requirement for sufficient evidence to practice that retains the cultural significance of the place. reproduce an earlier state still applies.

20.2 Reconstruction should be identifiable on close inspection or through additional interpretation.

Article 21. Adaptation

21.1 Adaptation is acceptable only where the adaptation has minimal Adaptation may involve additions to the impact on the cultural significance of the place. place, the introduction of new services, or a new use, or changes to safeguard the place. Adaptation of a place for a new use is often referred to as ‘adaptive re-use’ and should be consistent with Article 7.2.

21.2 Adaptation should involve minimal change to significant fabric, achieved only after considering alternatives.

Article 22. New work

22.1 New work such as additions or other changes to the place may New work should respect the significance of a be acceptable where it respects and does not distort or obscure place through consideration of its siting, bulk, form, scale, character, colour, texture and the cultural significance of the place, or detract from its material. Imitation should generally be interpretation and appreciation. avoided.

22.2 New work should be readily identifiable as such, but must New work should be consistent with Articles respect and have minimal impact on the cultural significance of 3, 5, 8, 15, 21 and 22.1. the place.

Article 23. Retaining or reintroducing use

Retaining, modifying or reintroducing a significant use may be These may require changes to significant appropriate and preferred forms of conservation. fabric but they should be minimised. In some cases, continuing a significant use, activity or practice may involve substantial new work.

Article 24. Retaining associations and meanings

24.1 Significant associations between people and a place should be For many places associations will be linked to respected, retained and not obscured. Opportunities for the aspects of use, including activities and practices. interpretation, commemoration and celebration of these associations should be investigated and implemented. Some associations and meanings may not be apparent and will require research.

24.2 Significant meanings, including spiritual values, of a place should be respected. Opportunities for the continuation or revival of these meanings should be investigated and implemented.

The Burra Charter, 2013 Australia ICOMOS Incorporated — 7

Articles Explanatory Notes

Article 25. Interpretation

The cultural significance of many places is not readily apparent, and In some circumstances any form of should be explained by interpretation. Interpretation should enhance interpretation may be culturally inappropriate. understanding and engagement, and be culturally appropriate.

Conservation Practice

Article 26. Applying the Burra Charter Process

26.1 Work on a place should be preceded by studies to understand The results of studies should be kept up to the place which should include analysis of physical, date, regularly reviewed and revised as necessary. documentary, oral and other evidence, drawing on appropriate knowledge, skills and disciplines. 26.2 Written statements of cultural significance and policy for the place Policy should address all relevant issues, e.g. use, interpretation, management and change. should be prepared, justified and accompanied by supporting evidence. The statements of significance and policy should be A management plan is a useful document for recording the Burra Charter Process, i.e. the incorporated into a management plan for the place. steps in planning for and managing a place of cultural significance (Article 6.1 and flow chart). Such plans are often called conservation management plans and sometimes have other names. The management plan may deal with other matters related to the management of the place.

26.3 Groups and individuals with associations with the place as well as those involved in its management should be provided with opportunities to contribute to and participate in identifying and understanding the cultural significance of the place. Where appropriate they should also have opportunities to participate in its conservation and management.

26.4 Statements of cultural significance and policy for the place should Monitor actions taken in case there are also be periodically reviewed, and actions and their consequences unintended consequences. monitored to ensure continuing appropriateness and effectiveness.

Article 27. Managing change

27.1 The impact of proposed changes, including incremental changes, on the cultural significance of a place should be assessed with reference to the statement of significance and the policy for managing the place. It may be necessary to modify proposed changes to better retain cultural significance.

27.2 Existing fabric, use, associations and meanings should be adequately recorded before and after any changes are made to the place.

Article 28. Disturbance of fabric

28.1 Disturbance of significant fabric for study, or to obtain evidence, should be minimised. Study of a place by any disturbance of the fabric, including archaeological excavation, should only be undertaken to provide data essential for decisions on the conservation of the place, or to obtain important evidence about to be lost or made inaccessible.

8 — Australia ICOMOS Incorporated The Burra Charter, 2013

Articles Explanatory Notes

28.2 Investigation of a place which requires disturbance of the fabric, apart from that necessary to make decisions, may be appropriate provided that it is consistent with the policy for the place. Such investigation should be based on important research questions which have potential to substantially add to knowledge, which cannot be answered in other ways and which minimises disturbance of significant fabric.

Article 29. Responsibility

The organisations and individuals responsible for management and decisions should be named and specific responsibility taken for each decision.

Article 30. Direction, supervision and implementation

Competent direction and supervision should be maintained at all stages, and any changes should be implemented by people with appropriate knowledge and skills.

Article 31. Keeping a log

New evidence may come to light while implementing policy or a New decisions should respect and have plan for a place. Other factors may arise and require new decisions. A minimal impact on the cultural significance of the place. log of new evidence and additional decisions should be kept.

Article 32. Records

32.1 The records associated with the conservation of a place should be placed in a permanent archive and made publicly available, subject to requirements of security and privacy, and where this is culturally appropriate.

32.2 Records about the history of a place should be protected and made publicly available, subject to requirements of security and privacy, and where this is culturally appropriate.

Article 33. Removed fabric

Significant fabric which has been removed from a place including contents, fixtures and objects, should be catalogued, and protected in accordance with its cultural significance.

Where possible and culturally appropriate, removed significant fabric including contents, fixtures and objects, should be kept at the place.

Article 34. Resources

Adequate resources should be provided for conservation. The best conservation often involves the least work and can be inexpensive.

Words in italics are defined in Article 1.

The Burra Charter, 2013 Australia ICOMOS Incorporated — 9

The Burra Charter Process

Steps in planning for and managing a place of cultural significance The Burra Charter should be read as a whole. Key articles relevant to each step are shown in the boxes. Article 6 summarises the Burra Charter Process.

10 — Australia ICOMOS Incorporated The Burra Charter, 2013 Newcastle Gasworks Conservation Management Plan APPENDIX C - Heritage Listing Cards

Note: The National Trust of Australia (NSW) does not have an online inventory of their classiﬁed items/places. The Sydney ofﬁce of the National Trust was contacted twice during this CMP study in order to obtain a copy of the listing card for the former Gasworks site, however they did not respond on either occasion.

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Home  Topics  Heritage places and items  Search for heritage

Newcastle Gas Co. Office Item details

Name of item: Newcastle Gas Co. Office

Type of item: Built

Group/Collection: Utilities Gas

Category: Other Utilities Gas

Primary address: 1 Chatham Road, Hamilton North, NSW 2292

Local govt. area: Newcastle

All addresses

Street Address Suburb/town LGA Parish County Type

1 Chatham Road Hamilton North Newcastle Primary Address

Statement of signicance:

The Office and Laboratory of the former gas making site of the City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Co Ltd is significant at the local level as an example of the enterprising approach to the supply of gas by City of Newcastle at the turn of the century. The building is a fine example of the work of Thomas J Pepper, who was an important architect in Newcastle at the turn of the 20th century. The gas company site is also historically important as it demonstrates the use of gas making technology from the late 19th century and is also indicative of a population boom across Newcastle in the first two decades of the 20th century. The National Trust noted in their assessment that the building is a fine example of Federation style applied to a commercial building. The internal fabric is notable as it is relatively intact.

Date significance updated: 20 Apr 15

Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the OEH copyright and disclaimer.

Description

Designer/Maker: Thomas J Pepper

Builder/Maker: City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Company Ltd

Construction 1911 years:

Physical Brick construction with sandstone used for decoration. Includes pump house and fence. At description: each end of building is a carved stone torch symbolising gas as fuel. National Trust Embodies many decorative features of Queen Anne or Federation Style. Physical Interim measures put in place in 20132014 including hoarding windows and removing condition and/or vegetation to secure the building against further arson and vandalism attacks. Archaeological potential:

Modifications and EJE designed a sympathetic adaptive reuse in 1995. The conversion allowed the building dates: to be occupied. It has been vacant since at least 2001 (time of writing 2015).

Current use: Vacant (2015)

History

Historical notes: The City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Company Ltd was established in 1866 by a group of enterprising business people, and the company survived for over 100 years with sustained growth. It first supplied domestic gas lighting on 26 October 1867, after which it obtained the government contracts for lighting the streets of Newcastle and Honeysuckle Point railways as well as jetties, wharves, railway crossings and Post and Telegraph offices. The streets of Newcastle were lit for the first time in 1875 and in the 1890's, gas cooking was introduced. Continued demand led to the purchase in 1910 of the land at Clyde Street and the opening of major new works, adjacent to the railway line.

Listings

Heritage Listing Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Title Number Date Number Page

Local Environmental I163 15 Jun 12 64 Plan

Heritage study

Study details

Title Year Number Author Inspected by Guidelines used

Newcastle Heritage Study 1990 69 Unknown Y e s

References, internet links & images None

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details) Data source

The information for this entry comes from the following source:

Name: Local Government

Database 2170069 number:

File number: 69

Return to previous page

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager.

All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Division or respective copyright owners.

Home  Topics  Heritage places and items  Search for heritage

Pump House and Fence Item details

Name of item: Pump House and Fence

Type of item: Built

Group/Collection: Utilities Sewerage

Category: Sewage Pump House/Pumping Station

Primary address: 1 Chatham Street, Hamilton North, NSW 2292

Local govt. area: Newcastle

All addresses

Street Address Suburb/town LGA Parish County Type

1 Chatham Street Hamilton North Newcastle Primary Address

Statement of signicance:

Internal fabric of note.

Date significance updated: 29 Oct 12

Listings

Heritage Listing Listing Listing Gazette Gazette Gazette Title Number Date Number Page

Local Environmental I168 15 Jun 12 64 Plan

Heritage study

Study details

Title Year Number Author Inspected by Guidelines used

Newcastle Heritage Study 1990 70 Unknown Y e s

References, internet links & images None

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source

The information for this entry comes from the following source:

Name: Local Government

Database 2170070 number:

File number: 70

Return to previous page

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager.

All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of the Heritage Division or respective copyright owners. Newcastle Gasworks Conservation Management Plan

APPENDIX D - Newcastle City Council correspondence

Heritas 191196 Issue B June 2019 Sunday, May 26, 2019 at 7:45:23 PM Australian Eastern Standard Time

Subject: Heritage Response - PB2019/05601 - Newcastle Gasworks, Clyde Street, Hamilton North Date: Friday, 24 May 2019 at 12:00:19 pm Australian Eastern Standard Time From: Tom Smith To: Linda Babic (Heritas Architecture) Aachments: image001.png, _Default__0b516397-4ee0-44d8-84bc-6fe098aac5f3.png

Hi Linda,

Thank you for the site visit this week, a comprehensive set of site photographs, and consulng with City of Newcastle regarding the heritage aspects of the approved remediaon works.

To assist with the preparaon of the CMP for the conservaon of the Newcastle Gas Co oﬃce building, Pump house and fence it is recommended:

1. the CMP meets current NSW Oﬃce of Environment and Heritage Guidelines for the preparaon of CMPs, in parcular it should closely follow "Conservaon Plan - A guide to the preparaon of conservaon plans for places of European cultural signiﬁcance" 7th Edion, dated January 2013, by James Semple Kerr

2. the CMP should fully considers the necessary measures required to ensure the proposed remediaon works are sufficiently off-set from the Newcastle Gas Co office building, Pump house and fence so that these heritage structures and their immediate seng are adequately protected and damage to these items is prevented.

We welcome the retenon and conservaon of the heritage listed structures on-site, and trust these landmark structures will be sensively restored and adapvely re-used once the remediaon works are complete.

If you require any further informaon or assistance, please do feel free to contact me.

Best regards

Tom Smith | Heritage Planner City of Newcastle | Governance Regulatory, Planning & Assessment | Urban Planning T:+61249742856 | E:[email protected]

Newcastle - a smart, liveable, sustainable global city. Cooperation | Respect | Excellence | Wellbeing

From: Linda Babic (Heritas Architecture) Sent: Thursday, 23 May 2019 1:27 PM To: Oﬃcial Mail Cc: Tom Smith ; David Virtue Subject: Newcastle Gasworks, Clyde Street, Hamilton North

Page 1 of 2 Hi Tom, Thank you for meeng with Jemena representaves David Virtue (Project Manager, Remediaon) and Barbara Ferry-Smith (Community Liaison Manager), and me on site yesterday at the former Newcastle Gasworks in Hamilton North.

The site was developed in the early 1900s as part of an expansion of the City of Newcastle Gas and Coke Company Limited, originally located in Newcastle West in what is now Marketown.

The site in Hamilton North has been vacant for many years, and is about to undergo remediaon work under a direcve of the NSW government as a State Significant Development and the Management Order issued by the NSW EPA under the Contaminated Land Management Act 1997. The site contains heritage items - the former administraon building, front fence and pump house, all listed as items of local significance on the Newcastle LEP. The dra condions of development consent issued by the Department of Planning & Environment (DP&E) for the project require a CMP to be prepared, in consultaon with Council’s Heritage Officer, that addresses the protecon of these heritage items, parcularly in relaon to the imminent remediaon work (a copy of the condions is included, aached). Heritas has been engaged to prepare this CMP.

A heritage assessment for the site was completed in 2018 by Virtus Heritage, and is the basis for the CMP document. As Jemena are focusing their work inially on remediaon of the contaminated site, any adapve re-use of the former administraon building will be the subject of a future, more focussed study. The management policies and implementaon direcve of the CMP will take a caretaker approach at this stage to ensure the conservaon of the heritage item, including for providing a water-ght building and removing vegetaon that is impacng on fabric. It will be suggested the CMP be reviewed within 5 years.

In the preparaon of the ﬁnal CMP document for delivery to Jemena, we welcome any comments from Council prior to close of business Friday 24 May 2019.

Kind Regards Linda Babic Registered Architect NSW ARB 6869, AIA B.A., B.Arch, M.Herit.Cons.

119a Elder Street Lambton NSW 2299 M | 0412 993 813 E | [email protected] W | www.heritas.com.au

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