George W. Bush Changing Course
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George W. Bush Changing course EPISODE TRANSCRIPT Listen to Presidential at http://wapo.st/presidential This transcript was run through an automated transcription service and then lightly edited for clarity. There may be typos or small discrepancies from the podcast audio. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: It's the dawn of the 21st century, and the dawn of a new millennium. And when hijacked planes crash into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, it also becomes the dawn of a new chapter in American history. It's the chapter we're still living in right now. I'm Lillian Cunningham with The Washington Post, and this is the 42nd episode of “Presidential.” GEORGE W. BUSH CLIP: Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom, came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices -- secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers, moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness, quiet and unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation -- PRESIDENTIAL THEME MUSIC LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: Early on in his presidency, George W. Bush used the phrase 'to stay the course in Iraq,' and Bush got a lot of criticism for that resolute, stubborn commitment to his own decisions. But in this episode, we're going to look at the places where the opposite manifested itself -- that is, where Bush changed course. We'll look at the way that he defined himself differently than his father; the way that he redefined his own sense of self after confronting some of what he saw as his personal failings; the way that he tried to redefine his presidency after he saw its failings, too. And then, we'll look at the way that he forever redefined the questions that America must grapple with in a new age. I have two guests this week. Later in the episode, I'm going to be talking with Peter Baker, the journalist who's chronicled Bush's presidency in more detail and more comprehensively than just about anyone out there. Presidential podcast wapo.st/presidential 1 And first up, I'm talking with Mark Updegrove, who was on our Lyndon Johnson episode because he's the director of the LBJ Library, but he is an expert in some other Texas politicians. He's finishing up a book on the presidencies and the lives and the relationship between George H.W. Bush and his son George W. Bush. Mark, welcome back. And why don't we just start with: Tell me what you think are some of the most important aspects of George W's early life that really define him. MARK UPDEGROVE: First and foremost that he's a product of West Texas. While George W. Bush is born in New Haven, Connecticut, while his father is attending Yale after serving in World War II, he moves at a very young age to Midland, Texas, and is very much a product of that part of the world. So, that shapes him. That also distinguishes him from his father and mother in many respects, who were products of the northeast. The other thing I think is that he loses his sister at a very young age. He's only six years old when his sister Robin dies just after her third birthday. And I think that he sees the toll in particular that that takes on his parents. I think he's a great comfort to his mother, but he sees through that experience the fragility of life. And I think he's determined thereafter through the course of his life to make the most of it. He uses the phrase often 'I've always tried to live life to the fullest.' And his parents encouraged him to do this. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: When you say that he's a product of Texas, what do you mean by that? What are some of the ways that that shows itself? MARK UPDEGROVE: Well, I think manifestly in the swagger that we know from George W. Bush, which is very Texan -- very folksy, he's very no-nonsense. I think he's very open. These are all traits of West Texans. They are definitely no-nonsense people. Laura Bush writes very eloquently about how West Texas shaped her. She was young, and she says, 'You know, the landscape is so barren. There's no room for artifice. You have to be who you are.' And that's George W. Bush in a nutshell. He is who he is. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: Well, I asked you this with LBJ -- if you were to imagine that I'm going on a blind date with George W. Bush, how would you start to describe the person I'd meet? MARK UPDEGROVE: Well, I might start with the Bush family, and then talk about the fact that he went to Andover for high school and then went on to Yale and then to Harvard Business School. And you might think from from that description that you're about to meet this New England preppy, but you're not. He'd be wearing jeans and cowboy boots. He may or may not have tobacco in his cheek. He'll be listening to country music, and I think he'll be charming and intelligent. But you're going to be disarmed by the difference in what you thought you'd get versus what you actually get. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: In contrast to his father, George W. Bush was not really on the straight and narrow for the first three, four decades of his life. His grades weren't all that great. He had a couple small brush-ins with the law. Presidential podcast wapo.st/presidential 2 He had kind of mixed results when he went back to Texas and worked in the oil industry. So, if living life to the fullest meant being successful and having a larger impact on the world, then George W. Bush hadn't quite figured that part of it out just yet. MARK UPDEGROVE: I think the big change for George Bush came when he was in his 40th year and decided to stop drinking and found great comfort in spirituality. Bush drank a lot, by his own admission. Drinking had become a problem. He looked forward to drinking every day. It became a bit of a crutch in his life. And he saw that it was getting in the way of being a better husband and a better father. And so, he resolved to put drinking behind him, and George Bush was extraordinarily disciplined. And he does so cold turkey -- without 12 steps, without meetings in church basements. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: But it is around the same time -- in 1985, 1986 -- that he does also go through a spiritual transformation. MARK UPDEGROVE: It speaks to George W. Bush's privileged life that he is really introduced to the Scripture by Billy Graham, who was a friend of his parents. And he and Graham bonded during a visit both of them had to Kennebunkport to visit his parents. And they talked -- Billy Graham and George W. Bush -- and Billy Graham asked if he could send George W. Bush a Bible, which he did. And Bush began reading that Bible and took great comfort in the scripture. He was compelled by that Biblical admission that has really guided his life, which is, 'To whom much is given, much is required.' And I think, in so many ways, he tried to model his life after that Biblical verse. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: So, it's here in his story that he pretty abruptly and bluntly confronts what he sees as his personal failings and redefines the terms of his own life. Meanwhile, his father has been serving as vice president to Ronald Reagan since 1981 and is now preparing to launch his own bid for the presidency. MARK UPDEGROVE: Bush leaves west Texas -- leaves the oil industry in 1987 -- to move to Washington to enlist in his father's campaign. He takes on the role of being an emissary between those in the campaign and his father. His father relies on his judgment, and I think that their bond is enhanced by that experience. So, George W. Bush knows a lot of the players around his father when his father takes the presidency in 1989. So, when his father becomes president, George W. Bush goes back to Texas. He's left the oil business and becomes part owner of the Texas Rangers, which becomes a very lucrative proposition for him. While he's there though, his father asks him to come back to Washington just to take a look at his adminis tration. It's a big honor for George W. Bush because his father is again trusting his judgment to assess his administration and to make recommendations for where things can be improved. And one of the things that he does in that role is suggest to John Sununu, who is George H.W. Bush's chief of staff and wasn't quite working out, that he considered resigning. And that leads to a conversation between the elder Bush and Sununu, in which Sununu indeed tenders his resignation. So, that's a big moment for George W. Bush. It shows that he has his father's full faith and confidence.