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Conservation of Biodiversity and Improved Management of Protected Areas in Myanmar

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Conservation of Biodiversity and Improved Management of Protected Areas in Myanmar Conservation of biodiversity and improved management of protected areas in Myanmar Provisional working list of Myanmar wetlands potentially qualifying as internationally important under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands Davidson, N.C., McInnes, R.J. & Rodda, H.J.E. March 2018 PRO68/HN3.2/V0 DRAFT Quality Management Report Title Conservation of biodiversity and improved management of protected areas in Myanmar: Provisional working list of Myanmar wetlands potentially qualifying as internationally important under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands Client Myanmar Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division (NWCD) and Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) Project Reference PR068 Date March 2018 Status Draft / Final Report/Revision HN3.2/V0/DRAFT Authorised by Director Robert McInnes Disclaimer This Report has been prepared by RM Wetlands & Environment Ltd with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract of engagement with the Client and taking into account the resources devoted to it by agreement with the Client. The material in this report reflects best judgement in light of the information available at the time of preparation. RM Wetlands & Environment Ltd disclaims any responsibility to the Client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. Any use which a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions made based on it, are the responsibilities of such third parties. RM Wetlands & Environment Ltd accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this report. It should be noted, that whilst RM Wetlands & Environment Ltd makes every effort is made to meet the client’s brief, no site investigation can ensure complete assessment or prediction of the natural environment. ii | P a g e Contents 1. Background ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Commentary .......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. All wetlands ................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2. Inland natural wetlands ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.3. Coastal and nearshore marine natural wetlands ....................................................................... 5 2.4. Human-made wetlands ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.5. Recommended next steps .................................................................................................................... 7 iii | P a g e [Page left blank intentionally for double-sided printing] iv | P a g e 1. Background 1.1.1. Ramsar’s Strategic Framework and Vision for the List of Wetlands of International Importance [Ramsar Sites] (COP11 Resolution XI.8 Annex 1) concerning designation calls on each CP to designate a coherent and comprehensive national network of Ramsar Sites. The Strategic Framework calls on Parties to establish a strategy and priorities for Site designation. The document Guiding Principles for a systematic approach to Ramsar Site identification and prioritisation for designation prepared under task HN3.1 provides this strategy for Myanmar. 1.1.2. The Strategic Framework Framework advises to start its full application with information available now and to subsequently update any list of qualifying wetlands when new information (e.g. from the comprehensive national wetland inventory) becomes available. 1.1.3. There are a number of available sources/lists of important wetlands in Myanmar. From these, an initial list of important wetlands qualifying, or potentially qualifying, for designation as Ramsar Sites has been prepared. These sources include: Ramsar Sites already designated by Myanmar 1989 Directory of Important Wetlands in Asia1 2004 Inventory of Myanmar wetlands2 BirdLife International’s Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas (IBAs)3 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)4 East Asia-Australasia Flyway Partnership (EAAFP) network sites5 Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) sites6 MONREC/NEA project identified important wetland protected areas Site lists provided by Fauna & Flora International (FFI) (pers. comm. May 2016) An assessment of the wintering population of Baer’s Pochard in central Myanmar7. 1 p805-846. Site descriptions based on the literature, principally the reports of the FAO/UNDP Nature Conservation and National Parks Project in Burma and the IUCN Directory of Indomalayan Protected Areas. 2 19 “sites of “global conservation significance” pp. xxxiv-xxvi 3 http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AsiaCntryPDFs/Myanmar.pdf Twenty-nine IBAs (53% of Myanmar IBAs) contain wetland ecosystems; Outstanding IBAs for threatened waterbirds include Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (IBA 5), Indawgyi Lake and Indawgyi River (IBA 8), Inle Bird Sanctuary (IBA 26), Myittha Lakes (IBA 30), Moyingyi Bird Sanctuary (IBA 46) and the Ayeyarwaddy Delta (IBA 47). 4 KBA Partnership. List of Myanmar KBAs downloaded 3 Feb 2018: https://myanmarbiodiversity.org/portfolio- items/myanmar-key-biodiversity-areas/ 5 East Asia-Australasia Flyway Partnership (EAAFP) network sites http://www.eaaflyway.net/about/the- flyway/flyway-site-network/ 6 Li, Z.W.D., Bloem, A., Delany S., Martakis G. and Quintero J. O. 2009. Status of Waterbirds in Asia - Results of the Asian Waterbird Census: 1987-2007. Wetlands International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Note that more up-to-date information is available from the Asian Waterbird Census continuing counts, coordinated in Myanmar by NWCD and BANCA 7 Aung, T.D, T.Z. Naing, S. Moses, L. Win, A.M. Tun, T.S. Zaw & S. Chan. 2016. An assessment of the wintering population of Baer’s Pochard in central Myanmar7. Unpublished report, Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association (BANCA). 1 | P a g e Marine Conservation in Myanmar - The current knowledge of marine systems and recommendations for research and conservation8. 1.1.4. Of 36 protected areas in Myanmar, 10 are recognised by NWCD as important wetlands: Hkakaborazi National Park Indawgyi Widlife Sanctuary Inle Wildlife Sanctuary Wethikan Bird Sanctuary Moeyongyi Wildlife Sanctuary Hlawga Wildlife Park Meinmahla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary Thamihla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary Moscos Islands Wildlife Sanctuary Lampi Marine National Park 1.1.5. The following table list wetlands under three broad wetland categories, in line with structure of the Ramsar Classification of Wetland Types: A. Inland natural wetlands B. Coastal and nearshore marine natural wetlands C. Inland human-made wetlands 1.1.6. Since some sources of information are now a decade or more old, much of the information provided in the tables will need to be reviewed and updated, including in relation of the Ramsar designation Criteria which currently apply, when considering further wetlands for Ramsar designation. 1.1.7. Natural inland and natural coastal/marine wetlands have each been allocated to a MEOW/FEOW ecoregion. There are eight inland (FEOW) ecoregions which include Myanmar: 719 Chin Hills – Arakan Coast; 720 Sitang – Irawaddy; 721 Upper Salween; 722 Lower & Middle Salween; 723 Inle Lake; 726 Lower Lancang (Mekong); 734 Malay Peninsula Eastern Slope; and 768 Andaman Islands 1.1.8. There are two MEOW marine ecoregions covering Myanmar: Northern Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea Coral Coast. 8 Holmes, K.E., Tint Tun, Kyaw Thinn Latt, M. Subedee, S.V. Khadke, and A.E. Hostetler. 2014. Marine Conservation in Myanmar - The current knowledge of marine systems and recommendations for research and conservation8. Yangon, WCS and MSAM. 2 | P a g e 2. Commentary 2.1. All wetlands 2.1.1. This provisional working list of potentially internationally important wetlands, identifies a total of 98 wetland localities (Figure 1). 54 are inland natural wetland localities, 33 marine/coastal natural wetland localities, and 11 human-made wetland localities. However, it should be noted that some of these localities are smaller wetland areas located with a much larger wetland system described by another source. For example, the 1989 Directory of Important Wetlands lists the whole of the Ayewaddy Delta as a single locality. Within this area, other sources (e.g. KBAs, IBAs, AWC count sites etc.) describe multiple smaller wetland areas as separate localities - each of which may qualify as internationally important. Similarly, the whole Myeik [Mergui] Archipelago is identified as a KBA, but within this large area are a number smaller separately identified KBAs and areas identified by other sources. Figure 1. Locations of potential internationally important wetlands in Myanmar. 3 | P a g e 2.2. Inland natural wetlands 2.2.1. For inland natural wetlands, almost all potentially internationally important localities identified from the sources examined are in the Sitang – Irawaddy FEOW ecoregion (Figure 2). This is not surprising as this FEOW ecoregion covers a large proportion of Myanmar. However, there is only one (vaguely identified) important wetland in the Lower & Middle Salween ecoregion. Given the large area of Myanmar this ecoregion covers, this is a major gap and needs further evaluation
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