décembre décembre 2020 Digital Identity Nadia Seraiocco Doctoral Student and Lecturer - UQAM Patrick White Professor of Journalism École des médias, UQAM

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1. Presentation of the speakers via their digital presence - 2. Surveillance and digital footprint - Nadia 3. Communication tools – Patrick Course of Events 4. Pitfalls to avoid in order to maintain a good digital identity - Nadia 5. Participants’ questions

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• 1 account with 5000 friends and 800 followers • 3 accounts, including a personal one (47 000 subscribers) Patrick White’s • 1 account (2000 followers) Digital • 1 Linkedin account (13 000 subscribers) Presence • 1 cultural blog (since 2004): patwhite.com • 1 weekly newsletter about media via Substack • 1 weekly podcast about media: Le Carnet • Every citizen like me becomes a trademark • We are our own medium

3 Patrick White’s Professional Experience

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• Professor of Journalism Patrick White’s • Head of the Journalism Program, UQAM • Classes: Daily Press Workshop; Advanced Journalism Work at Writing; Specialized Journalism; International News UQAM • My interests: artificial intelligence and its impact on journalistic practices; new media business models; Fake News misinformation; media history; role of international news agencies in the world

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• Personal blog since 2002: cheznadia.com • Academic blog since 2015: nadiaseraiocco.com • Radio segment on Moteur de recherche (Ici RC Première) Nadia • Digital contributor on On va se le dire (TV) • Twitter: 8400 subscribers Seraiocco’s • Instagram: 966 followers Digital • LinkedIn: 1700 contacts • Facebook: 800 followers on the page, personal account Presence deactivated… • My is now Twitter for my academic network, and Instagram for trends • I have a TikTok account and an Instagram account, but strictly for experimental purposes…  • My “notoriety” mainly comes from the length of my presences and from collaborating on TV shows such as RDI matin and Dumont

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• “ Elements which are considered to be part of private – even intimate – life become, as a result, public and accessible to countless individuals. The concept of “private life” has necessarily changed. Previously, it was based on secrecy. Now, it tends toward the opposite, transparency.”

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Privacy issues (Vallet, 2012)

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Image : https://www.dpreview.com/forums/post/59767626 How did the right to privacy come about?

It is a right that emerged at the end of the 19th Then, high-circulation century with press. industrialization and urban life..

Then, the integration of illustrations in … and the progress of newspapers is photography. simplified.

The rise of audio-visual then comes to confirm this (audio, photo, video recordings.

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Biographical Sharing information information about •At times “intimate” your private life • Tastes, etc.

Creates a profile Accepts more or with photo, less known banner, etc. “friends” Facebook User

9 10 quote pertaining to teens to pertaining quote boyd But they still have a profile have still they But yourself on social networks social on yourself narcissism inherent to exposing exposing to inherent narcissism Hence theories that speak to the speak to thattheories Hence dana necessity” protect their privacy their protect not share everything share not “Public by default, private by private default, by “Public Some simply embellish reality… reality… embellishSomesimply As a precaution, some people dopeople some precaution, As a Others change their information to to information their change Others Facebook discourages theofuse discourages Facebook to separate the real from thefake from real the separate to fake profiles but it’s sometimes hard sometimes it’s but profiles fake ? Vallet) Real or fantasy profile fantasy or Real “selves”. ( “selves”. Reactions: extension of the self and creation of other the self of and creation extension Reactions:

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Digital Identities (boyd, 2008)

• Characterized by:

• Persistence: traces left are recorded and archived

• Duplicability: traces can be duplicated

• Diffusion potential: they are highly visible

• Accessibility: they can be easily found

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• Declarative identity (or The 3 aspects “Self representation” = data entered directly by of digital the user (e.g. name, identity interests, friends); • Acting identity = according to messages listed by the System (e.g. “x and y are Fanny Georges now friends”; • Calculated identity = numbers, products of the System’s calculations (such as the number of friends, the number of groups).

Cette photo par Auteur inconnu est soumise à la licence CC BY-NC 12 décembre décembre 2020 Real reasons to fear the overexposure of our information on social networks… (Vallet)

1. Transparency of daily life

•Allows the rather precise tracing of users’ habits •Even what you delete stays on servers…

2. Search engines and information cross-checking

•Because of search engines, malicious people can cross-reference information from networks and other sites. •Some cross-referencing could even be used to uncover social insurance or bank account numbers.… •This information can potentially act as a lever for blackmail and decoys.…

New crimes which are easy to perpetrate…

•Using profile photos for other purposes •Defamatory comments on social networks •Non-compliance of copyright through use of music or videos •Using networks to plan crime or conspiracy

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The “economy” of traceability

• Digital amplification: measurement, benchmarking, scores, and ratings are everywhere. • The traceability of behaviours has become a key resource of the digital economy of platforms, to the point of engendering a form of "behavioural bias" in every vision of the social [BERGERON et al., 2018].

décembre 2020 Cookies and you…

• Cookies are strings of information, usually small and identified by name, that may be transmitted to your browser by a website you have connected to. Your web browser will keep it for a certain period of time, and will send it back to the web server each time you reconnect to it (CNIL).

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What are data?

Personal data

•Information that makes it possible to identify a natural person, directly or indirectly. •It can be a name, a photograph, an IP address, a telephone number, a computer connection identifier, a postal address, a fingerprint, a voice recording, a social security number, an e-mail, etc.

Sensitive data

•They relate to information that may give rise to discrimination or prejudice. •E.g.: political opinions, religious issues, union involvement, ethnicity, sexual orientation, medical situation, philosophical ideas. •They have a particular framework, which prohibits any prior collection without written, clear, and explicit consent, and for specific cases, validated by the CNIL and whose public interest is proven.

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170 tools for communication

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Post-Covid-19 tools

• Zoom • Teams • Slack • Google Meets • Panopto • Virtual cocktails • Virtual conferences via Streamyard

décembre 2020 Social media panorama (according to FredCavazza.net)

• consecration of major social platforms that herald a new start for many niche uses • Facebook has five times more users than the biggest media of the 20th century (CNN, MTV) • social media will not replace traditional media, but they have brought them to their knees by siphoning off their audience as well as their advertising revenues • Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, or have completely changed our media consumption habits • 3 out of 4 internet users in the world use social media at least once a day • during lockdown, use of social networks increases by 61% • 2020 is the year of all records for major social platforms (FB, Whatsapp, Youtube)

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Digital tools in 2020 • For other platforms such as Twitter, • Facebook for those over 45; Snapchat and so on, • Instagram for 25-45 year olds; the audience • Snapchat for 15-25 year olds; continues to grow, but to a lesser extent. • TikTok for those 15 and younger; • LinkedIn for executives and professionals; • Twitter for journalists and public figures; • for women; • Twitch for gamers…

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• standardization of advertising tools • major platforms are doing their for all social media utmost to fight against this • monetization is key scourge • tools to put brands and creators in • pendulum swinging back and touch with each other the emergence of small-scale • always as much fake news, as well social networks as the means to counter it • from competitive video games to new social spaces: publishers have entered the niche of free, massively multiplayer games

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2020 = online learning

• Social learning in order to motivate learners • Some American universities are using robots to prevent students from dropping out • Google Classrooms • AI in Chinese schools • it's not enough to install yourself in front of a webcam to switch to remote mode without loss of productivity. • Distance education and training practices only work with for those with a very strong discipline. • Major plagiarism issues • The same dominant platforms are at the heart of the system: Facebook ecosystem at the center (Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, Groups, Workplace), with a first circle of major players (YouTube, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok, LinkedIn, etc.)

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23 • musical microvideo apps abound • All this gives way to a very dense ecosystem and wish to take advantage of composed of a multitude of services, which allow us to publish, share, exchange messages, discuss, TikTok's success; collaborate, and be connected. • virtual environments that are At the heart of this ecosystem, we find: consolidating (will we witness the • Blogging platforms return of SecondLife?); (WordPress, Medium, Blogger, TypePad, LiveJourna Further findings • collaboration and l, TXT FYI, Ghost, Svbtle, SquareSpace, Wix); videoconferencing apps, which are • wikis: Wikipedia & Fandom (previously Wikia); experiencing strong growth • hybrid publishing / sharing services because of lockdown; (Tumblr, MySpace, Mastodon, Wattpad); • dating apps remain popular. • mobile apps used to share micro-videos - in a nutshell, TikTok clones (Yubo, Dubsmash, Firework, Triller, Likee, Byte).

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• Inspiration sharing platforms such as Pinterest or Houzz; • Photo and image sharing services (Google Photos, Flickr, 500px, SmugMug); • Visual inspiration platforms (Behance, Dribbble); • GIF portals (Giphy, Gfycat, Imgur, Tenor); • Notification and location-sharing services (TripAdvisor, Yelp, Life 360); • Platforms dedicated to video (Dailymotion, Vimeo, Twitch); • Document sharing (SlideShare, Scribd, Issuu); • Music sharing (Spotify, SoundCloud, Deezer); • Podcast services (iTunes, Overcast, PodBean, Podcast Addict, Google Podcast, Majelan); But also • Web or mobile messaging systems (iMessages, Google Messages, Skype, Viber, Signal, Line, Skred, Telegram, icq, Kik, IMO, Discord) and messaging on headsets or connected watches (TTYL, KIT); • Personal conversation systems (, Cocoon, , Friended, Plato, TamTam); • Social apps for hamsters: Hami; • Traditional messaging (Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo Mail, Proton Mail); • Chatting platforms for the public at large (Reddit) and for professionals (GitHub, StackExchange); • Question / Answer platforms (Quora, Ask, Yahoo Answers) and the equivalent for teens (CuriousCat, F3, Sarahah, Slowyl); • Comment and debate management systems (Muut, Disqus, Discourse, GraphComment, Kialo).

25 décembre décembre 2020 It’s like a constellation

• spaces for sharing / discussion (4Chan, 9GAG, 8Kun, WizardChan); • virtual environments with a social purpose Your sponsored messages on Facebook are no longer enough (Sansar, VRChat, AltspaceVR, SecondLife, SineSpace, RecRooms, Facebook Horizon, Hubs); • professional messaging (Slack, Chatter, TalkSpirit, Amazon Chime, Google Chat, Symphony, Yammer); • tools for collaboration (Microsoft Teams, Wrike, Jive, Podio, Basecamp, Jamespot, Asana, Monday); an already highly volatile audience that clearly has other things to do than like ads disguised as • integrated collaboration platforms (Confluence, Jira) and lighter solutions (Notion, Nifty); messages • sharing tools (Evernote, TeamWork), visual collaboration tools (LucidChart) and project management tools (Trello, Mural, MS Planner); • video conferencing platforms (Zoom, GotoMeeting, BlueJeans); insofar as the social media landscape becomes denser • integrated office suites (Office 365, Google Suite, Zoho); and more complex, advertisers must adapt their social strategy (objectives, mobilized means and • professional social networks such as Viadeo, Xing, New Work, Shapr, GlassDoor) and contact resources) to these changes in order to deliver management tools(Dex, HiHello); maximum impact • proximity social networks () and social networking tools (Ning, Whaller);

• social networks of friends, classmates or alumni (Tagged, Classmates, Ancestry); This adaptation requires the exploration and adoption, if necessary, of new social platforms (e.g. • dating apps (, Bumble, Badoo, Hily, OKcupid, Clover, , Happn); TikTok, Pinterest...), new formats (e.g. stories, chatbot, augmented reality filters, podcast, ASMR...) • event platforms (Eventbrite, Meetup, Evite). or new social mechanisms (e.g. AMA, Haul, GRWM...).

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Pitfalls to avoid for maintaining a • learn about good digital cybersecurity • regularly change identity your passwords • never click on links with unknown origins

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Privacy and community connectedness in the age of digital and socio-digital networks.

• Fanny Georges, “L'identité numérique sous emprise culturelle. De l'expression de soi à sa standardisation”, Les Cahiers du numérique 2011/1 (Vol. 7), p. 31-48. • Vallet, Caroline. 2012. “Le dévoilement de la vie privée sur les sites de réseau social. Des changements significatifs”. Droit et société

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