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Selected Papers No.16 January 2013 D irector's Message As mankind moves into the 21st century, integrated policies of ocean governance are necessary for the sustainable development and use of our oceans and their resources and for the protection of the marine environment. Towards this end, the Ocean Policy Research Foundation (formerly: Ship & Ocean Foundation) orients its research on ocean issues in line with the mission statement "Living in Harmony with the Oceans". The Ocean Policy Research Foundation aims to conduct cross-sectoral research in ocean related issues in order to initiate debate on marine topics and formulate both domestic and international policy proposals. We publish a Japanese-language newsletter called the "Ship & Ocean Newsletter" twice a month. The "Ship & Ocean Newsletter" seeks to provide people of diverse viewpoints and backgrounds with a forum for discussion and to contribute to the formulation of maritime policies conducive to coexistence between mankind and the ocean. Our Foundation believes that the Newsletter can expand effective communication on these issues by introducing timely research to abroad and informed readership. It also welcomes to responses from readers, some of which appear in the Newsletter. "Ship & Ocean Newsletter Selected Papers No.16" contains English-language versions of papers from the Japanese Newsletter edition, published from No.271(2011.11.20) to No.290(2012.9.5). It is our sincere hope that these Selected Papers will provide useful insights on policy debate in Japan and help to foster global policy dialogue on various ocean issues. Hiroshi TERASHIMA Executive Director ■The Newsletter Editorial Committee ●Chief Editors Tomoya AKIMICHI Professor Emeritus, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Toshio YAMAGATA Principal Scientist, JAMSTEC / Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo ●Members Masahiko ISOBE Professor, Dr. Eng., Department of Socio-Cultural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Naoya OKUWAKI Professor, School of Law, Meiji University Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo Hideaki KANEDA Director, Okazaki Institute Shin KISUGI Vice President, The Open University of Japan Professor Emeritus, Yokohama National University Yoichi SUMI Professor, System Design for Ocean-Space Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University Anne McDONALD Director, UNU-IAS Operating Unit Ishikawa/Kanazawa Kunio MIYASHITA Professor, Department of Buisiness Administration, Osaka Sangyo University Professor Emeritus, Kobe University ■Publisher Hiroshi TERASHIMA Executive Director, Ocean Policy Research Foundation Ocean Policy Research Foundation Toranomon 35 Mori Bldg., 3-4-10 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN 105-0001 Tel. 81-3-5404-6828/Fax. 81-3-5404-6810 URL. http://www.sof.or.jp/en/index.php ©2013 Ocean Policy Research Foundation Ship & Ocean Newsletter Selected Papers/No.16 ●2 C o n t e n t s Shell Mounds and the Great Tsunami —Developing Visions for the Future from the Jomon Period Junzo UCHIYAMA Associate Professor, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature 4 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.272 December 5, 2011) Promoting Ocean Education in All Schools Katsushi MIYAZAKI Inspector, Elementary and Secondary Education Bureau, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 6 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.273 December 20, 2011) Japan’s Ocean Policy Yoshikiyo ONO Secretary-General, The Secretariat of the Headquarters for Ocean Policy, Cabinet Secretariat, Government of Japan 8 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.274 January 5, 2012) Towards the Development of the Rich Mineral Resources of the Deep Seabed Toshifumi TAKEI Chair of the Board, Ocean Mining Industry Promotion Roundtable 10 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.274 January 5, 2012) Lessons Learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake: Activities of the Experts Committee for Earthquake and Tsunami Reduction Policies Yoshiaki KAWATA Dean, Faculty of Safety Science, Kansai University 12 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.275 January 20, 2012) A New Seafloor Mineral Deposit: Discovery and Development of “Rare-Earth Element-Rich Mud” Yasuhiro KATO Selected Papers No.16 Associate Professor, Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 14 January 2013 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.276 February 5, 2012) Formulation and Implementation of Marine Biodiversity Conservation Strategy Naoki AMAKO Assistant Director, Biodiversity Policy Division, Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan 16 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.276 February 5, 2012) Symbiosis with the Ocean: On the Marine Biomass Town Concept Hiroshi KAMEYAMA Mayor, Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture 18 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.278 March 5, 2012) The Challenge of Reconstruction Masanori YAMAMOTO Mayor, Miyako City, Iwate Prefecture 20 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.278 March 5, 2012) Basic Strategy of Life, Created in the Ocean Takuya UEDA Dean of Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 22 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.282 May 5, 2012) The Ocean, Humans, and Muroto Geopark: How Can a Local Community Exist Sustainably? Kazuhiro YUHORA Geographical Expert, Muroto Geopark Promotion Committee 24 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.283 May 20, 2012) Devising Innovative Ships According to New Physics-based Stability Criteria Naoya UMEDA Associate Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 26 (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.284 June 5, 2012) ●The affiliation of the author and the contents of the article are exactly as they appear in the Ship & Ocean Newsletter. Ship & Ocean Newsletter Selected Papers/No.16 ●3 Shell Mounds and the Great Tsunami —Developing Visions for the Future from the Jomon Period [KEYWORDS] Jomon / shell mounds / tsunami Junzo UCHIYAMA Associate Professor, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (Ship & Ocean Newsletter No.272 December 5, 2011) The tsunami that struck eastern Japan on March 11th washed away towns and villages, along with people’s lives, all along the Pacific coast, but most of the many shell mounds in the Tohoku region were undamaged. It is said that in order to avoid another tragedy we should give more thought to the planning of future communities, but I believe we also have much to learn from the lives and thought of the Jomon people of the distant past. The shell mounds remained destructive force. One shell mound left a particularly strong On March 11, an enormous tsunami triggered by a mas- impression on me, as right next to the restored pit house, sive earthquake hit East Japan on the Pacific coast and Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel were camped and swallowed up every corner of beautiful seaside villages children were playing. and towns, taking many lives. I had the opportunity to visit some of the affected areas in Miyagi Prefecture in A lifestyle of work/home separation late May, roughly two months after the major catastrophe, Environmental archaeology is one of my specializations. and was staggered by the devastation of the landscape More specifically, my research includes reproducing the and the thought of what a long way it would be to full landscape and how the environment was used during the reconstruction. Jomon period (3,000 to 16,000 years ago) via, for instance, The heavily-damaged coastal region of Sanriku is also animal and fish bones excavated from the shell mounds known for having numerous shell mounds from the Jomon from that period. period (the period from roughly 3,000 to 16,000 years ago). Many of the shell mounds in the Tohoku region were The number of such mounds exceeds 300 in Miyagi Prefec- formed in the mid- or late-Jomon period—that is, from ture alone. Were not these shell mounds and other precious 3,000 to 5,500 years ago. In textbooks, these shell mounds relics heavily damaged by the massive tsunami as well? I are described as the garbage dumps of the Jomon period. could not bring myself to believe it, and indeed there was a However, most shell mounds were directly adjacent to large subtle gap between the distribution of the shell mounds and settlements. This fact suggests that they played a central the area flooded by the tsunami as announced by the Geo- role in people’s lives during that time. The animal bones spatial Information Authority of Japan and other sources. remaining in these shell mounds indicate that Jomon people So, as I surveyed the sites, I was not surprised to observe ate a truly wide variety of animals. They ate fish both from that so many shell mounds had been spared the tsunami’s inner bays and from the ocean, including tuna, sea bream, and sardines. Their diet of mammals ranged from Akita Iwate dolphins to deer, boars, bears, hares, raccoon dogs, Prefecture Prefecture Matsushima town hall Prefecture Yamagata and so on. Matsushima Bay in Miyagi Prefecture Miyagi Prefecture boasts a beautiful and unique assortment of com- plex rugged coastlines and islands; it is admired Sendai City as one of the Three Majestic Views of Japan. Less Fukushima Prefecture well-known is the fact that this landscape dates in some respects from the Jomon period and later. The Japanese coastline in the mid-Jomon period was higher than it is today by three to five meters and so the shoreline was then much further inland and more rugged. However, the ground around Shiogama city hall Shichigahama town hall Major shell mounds along Matsushima Bay and the area flooded by the tsunami. Despite being located near the coastline, most of the shell mounds were Major Jomon relics spared the tsunami’s destructive force (reprinted from “Lessons on work/home separation from the Area flooded by the tsunami Jomon people,” Asahi Newspaper for Elementary School Students, front page, October 24, 2011) Ship & Ocean Newsletter Selected Papers/No.16 ●4 Shell Mounds and the Great Tsunami —Developing Visions for the Future from the Jomon Period Matsushima Bay subsided at the same pace as the subsiding In their eyes, people and food were visitors from “another sea level, resulting in almost the exact coastline being pre- world” who return to that world after fulfilling their respec- served as back in the Jomon period.
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