sign in sign up
<<
Home , Ashy woodpecker, Bat hawk, Cananga odorata, Canarium, Eurostopodus, Forest kingfisher

WARDlLL Kuhila Vol 12 2003 l 7 - 26

;:-,d :he staff of Southeast Noteworthy Records of from the Panua Nature Reserve, ~=--<'~:a \\·as granted by the North Sulawesi ii'!i-.,·ork \\·as provided by .i'::.·- o:-](ish Ornithologists' ]ON RlLEY, YUSMAN HUNOWU, ]ORIS MOLE i :\:. ~3.\id Bishop for their AND MICHAEL F WANGKO Wildlife Conservation Society Program , PO Box 1131, Manado 95000, Indonesia. Email: wcsstaff@manado. wasantara. net.id.

__, :.:- :,I'.Jna and Buton, S. E. Summary Panua Nature Reserve is the second largest terrestrial conservation area in North Sulawesi, located on the south coast of Sulawesi's north peninsula. We conducted surveys of the _. _, ·. ,·s:. /1:,1onesi a. Ope ration reserve between February and June 2000, including 241 km of line transect censuses, primarily in the dominant lowland evergreen . A total of 124 were recorded, including 48 ~ :-.-~ ?:.:blications, Alderley, Sulawesi endemics, and l3 species (all but two endemic) that are considered by most authorities as Threatened or Near Threatened. In this paper we describe the habitats of the reserve and summarize _ -:-~_,· \i~1rld List of Th reatened observations of all l3 threatened species, as well as six other species for which our surveys clarify distribution or status within Sulawesi. _•·. J::c": ICBP, Cambridge. -: 3c::on. south-east Celebes, Laporan-laporan Penting Mengenai Burung di Cagar Alam Panua, Sulawesi Ringkasan Cagar Alam Panua adalah kawasan konservasi terestrial (daratan) kedua terbesar di ...2~:~ :\ !atano area of southeast Sulawesi Utara yang terletak di pesisir selatan semenanjung utara Sulawesi. Kami melaksanakan .: ~ 3c-l39. suryey di kawasan terse but antara Februari danjuni tahun 2000, termasuk sensus dengan transek ~xr;,;::;,m w Salawesi, 1979. garis sepanjang 241 km, khususnya di hutan hujan dataran rendah. Sejumlah 124 spesies burung dilaporkan dari kawasan ini termasuk 48 spesies endemik Sulawesi dan l3 (semua kecuali 2 spesies __ .:':-.s endemik) dipertimbangkan sebagai Terancam Punah dan Mendekati Terancam Punah oleh =-'o:erop1dae Zoologische ;.;ebanyakan pihak otoritas. Dalam makalah ini kami menjelaskan habitat-habitat yang ada di ;.;awasan terse but, meringkas hasil-hasil pengamatan l3 jenis Terancam Punah, dan juga 6 spesies .: j-2 -235. lain yang distribusi a tau statusnya di Sulawesi berhasil diperJelas dengan hasil-hasil survey kami. ~r:i :;:c· '-'eighbottring Islands. Introduction -~"~ C.cr Expedition Heinrich _-'-:sJc' .\fonatsbe richte . 40: Sulawesi is the largest island in Wallacea, the biogeographical transition zone between the .::ontinental faunas of and . Sulawesi is one of the most important Endemic -:'"'.ss· 389--1-87 3ird Areas in Indonesia, due to its high levels of avian endemism (White & Bruce 1986; _.:..:.:: 3:~C5 of the Rawa Aopa Coates & Bishop 1997; Stattersfield et al. 1998). The province of North Sulawesi is 'Jarticularly important because it supports the highest level of endemism within Sulawesi. ~.L;·::tccas & Lesse r Sttnda -=-hirteen species are endemic to the north and, to date, 89 of the 103 (86%) species ~-~~ :-.::- i'!1demic to Sulawesi and its offshore islands have been reported from this region (FAO ~ 982; Lee 200 1). In addition 36 species found in North Sulawesi are listed as Th reaLenecl oc :-:ear Threatened (BirdLife International200 1; Lee et al. 200 1). Located on the south coast of Sulawesi's north peninsula, Panua Nature Reserve lY+2'N , 122°00'5) was established in 1938 for the Mo unt Panua proper (Uno 1949; FAO 2) and later extended to its present 45,557 ha. This reserve was established primarily :o protect nesting grounds of Sulawesi' s endemic and threatened , the Maleo '.facro cep halon maleo (FAO 1982; KSDA 1998). The significance of Panua Nature Reserve :-: R) for the conservation of North Sulawesi's flora and fauna was subsequently realised -.,·hen ]. MacKinnon surveyed the area during the late 1970s (FAO 1982). Argeloo (1994) sun-eyed the Maleo nesting grounds in Panua NR, but did not publish records of any other species observed within the reserve. Thus the following represents the first known ?ublished account of birds for this important reserve. 18 Kukilu VoL l2 2003 RlLEY n al Noteworthy Record

The current boundary of the reserve encompasses three main watersheds: to the east, Mount Langge. the low-lying Bumbulan l1ood plain and associated Bumbulan River; in the centre, the camp, and on th Marisa plains and drainage system; and to the west, the Randangan system of the Buhu, Most of the Randangan and Lelenggela Rivers. Large sections of these areas have now been converted from 0530 to lC to rice cultivation. In the northern pans of the reserve, away from low-lying coastal areas l 7 survey days and the narrow alluvial plains, Panua is rugged and mountainous with steeply sided observations ,,-e narrow valleys. A series of mountain ridges include the virtually unexplored peaks of in May at Kali mc: Mounts Botubantayo (1,405 m asl), Batudulanga (1,3 00 m as!) , Langge (1 ,076 m asl), and We recordec Padasepayo (1 ,625 m asl) (KSDA 1998) endemics, and l Our surveys showed that lowland evergreen rainforest is the dominant habitat in the Vulnerable b,· ( reserve up to c. 1,000 m as!. Typically in this habitat the forest canopy forms at c. 17-25 m, (2 001) The foil with few emergent . Characteristic small to medium ginhed species include additional spew Barringtonia acutangula, Polyalthia spp, Diospy ros korthalsiana, odorata. and MallotLtS floribundus. Common medium to large (30-50 cm diameter at breast height = Notes on select DBH) species are Pterospermum celebicum, Tetram eles nudifloria, Neonauclea sp. D1ypetes spp, and Maranthes corymbosa. Amongst the few large trees (> 50 cm DBH) are Oriental DarteJ Koordersiodendron pinnatum, Pometia pinnata, and Cana rium spp. Palms including Arenga On 2 March t\\'0 pinnata , Livistona rotundifolia and Caryota mitis occur frequently in the dense understorey, Threatened spe- which also contains many rattans Calamus spp and climbers. Hill or lO\\-et montane fore st 1997; IUCJ'\ 200 is found above c. 1,000 m asl, but no detailed studies of this habitat \\-ete conducted. Hawk Mad Habitat disturbance caused by human acti\'ities, primarily selectiw logging, has On 6 May at 1- created a patchwork of secondary growth and regenerating secondary forest surrounded saccolaimas , that by primary forest. Such disturbed areas were characterized by pioneer species including caught a bat in rr Ii'en1a orientalis, Macaranga hispida , Piper adLtncw?l and Dcndrocnidc microstigma ln its prey whilst pe secondary forest along the coastal strip common tree species ''-ere \Iclanolepis basis of its all -blc: multiglandulosa, Albizia saponaria, A minahassae, Grnvia lwordesiana. Gan1ga _Ro1ibun da, This species is ra Diospyros minahassae , Terminalia celebica, and Alstonia ranvolfia. Forest structure is open only (Klapste 19 with few tall trees and a sparse, broken canopy. Mangro,·e Yegetation in the rese rve 2002). appeared to be made up of species typical of the Sulawesi region A.lthough detailed surveys were not conducted, tree genera noted included Rhizophora. Sonncracia. Bruguie ra Peregrine Falc01 and Avicennia. On 8 May a singlE This paper documents observations of birds made during a Wildlife Consen·ation Kalimas. This ind Society survey of the reserve between February and June 2000. In February. :\larch and dense barring on May 2000, surveys were conducted in the southern section of the resen-e close to the breed on Sula,,·e village of Paguat (0°27'N, 122°00'E) and along the Trans-Sula,,·esi high,,·ay. Habitats Coates & Bishop surveyed included gardens and plantations bordering the village, dry coastal scrub and Maleo Macrocep secondary forest to the north-west and areas of mangrove and swamp wgetation to the Panua NR is nam south. We also visited secondary and primary forest on the narro,,· Batudulanga ridge, 1949). There are disturbed habitats along the Batudulanga River, and heavily logged forest ''ithin recently village of Pagua established agricultural land around Mount Pani (c 787 m asl) strip was repor e In May and June 2000 we made observations in primary and selectiwly logged forests number of breed! north-east of the village of Kalimas. Our camp (0°40'N, 121 °5 4'E) \Yas situated on the burrows and a mL western border of the reserve at an altitude of lOO m on the banks of the Lelenggela Ri\-er. We visited th.: Transects extended inland from selectively logged riverine forest to less disturbed ridge within the spec1es forests up to 620 m asl on the northwestern slopes of Mount Rabana (c 8/5 m as D. grounds were me In June 2000 we surveyed primary forest some 5 km north of Butato. Our camp motionless in a nu (0°3 7'N, 122°03'E) was located in primary forest at c 125 m asl on the northern slopes of lone bird in sc rul:: April. Intervie,,·s \ R!LEY et al 'Joteworthy Records of Birds from the Panua Nature Reserve Kuhila Vol. 12 2003 19

-~ .. -::C.s eo the east, Mount Langge. Surveys were conducted in gently undulating terrain to the west of the ;.:;-_ :;-:e ~entre . the camp, and on the southern slopes of Mount Rabana. ;;~e;;-, of the Buhu , Most of the information presented in this paper was collected during daily surveys .___~~=-- conwned from 0530 to 1030 hrs along a total of 241 km of line transects, comprising 152 km over ::-. ;:: cL•astal areas 17 survey days at Kalimas and 89 km over 10 survey days at Butato. Additional casual ·0-. -;; :eeply sided observations were made around campsites and from three days of mist netting carried out xt=::o~ec peaks of in May at Kalimas. :.-~ - E :-::.as!\ and We recorded 124 bird species in the reserve (Appendix 1), of which 48 are Sulawesi endemics, and l3 (all but two endemic) are considered Threatened, Near Threatened or - -:;-,: :-:.:.~·neat m the Vulnerable by Coates & Bishop (1997), IUCN (2000) anc:l/or Birdlife International -::~ .'::,: 1--25 m, (2001). The following section summarizes our observations of the latter species , and six __ ~?~~:es mclude additional species for which our surveys clarify distribution or status within Sulawesi. :.< ~':ivrcira . and :...: .___~~:.:; ~e1gh t = Notes on selected species: , \·.: :Ot:'. Dn petes ~ : ~I:". :JBH) are Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster NT : ;:_:'.ldJ:1g .-\rcnga On 2 March two birds were observed flying west over the Paguat mangroves. This is a Near __ ;:-,se t_:;:-,derstorey, Threatened species that is widespread but uncommon on Sulawesi (Coates & Bishop e~ ::-.c::iane fo rest 1997; IUCN 2000; Birdlife International2001). -'"':-l:.,..! ..... :ed Bat Hawk Macheiramphus aldnus _:_r ,~ :L•_;gmg. has On 6 May at 17 45 hrs a single bird was seen taking small , probably Saccolaimas ~-:';;: :·cl:-:-ounded saccolaimas, that were emerging from a roost in mangroves to the west of Paguat. The hawk :;:--~·-~e~ ;:1cluding caught a bat in mid-air using its talons and was observed, in silhouette, for lO min eating ·· :rcsugma. In its prey whilst perched in a dead mangrove tree. The bird was identified as M. alcinus on the :::--:' \lc:lanolepis basis of its all-black coloration except for a white throat patch, long wings and short tail. ...-;""';.1 flmbunda, This species is rare in Sulawesi, being known from two sight records in central Sulawesi : ~:c-.:.-.:-c·..:~e 15 open only (Klapste 1982; White & Bruce 1986; Coates & Bishop 1997; Thiolay & Rahman ::-_ :;-_ ::-:e resenT 2002). --~::-•.::c ~:--. detailed _r_,:~-~- Bruguie ra Peregrine Falco peregrinus On 8 May a single bird was observed perched in a large, dead tree at the forest edge close to Kalimas. This individual was identified as a member of the resident race F p. ernesti by the ___ : C.:-::sen·ation dense barring on its underparts and dark grey-black upperparts. This race is thought to ;--_:.c- \!arch and breed on Sulawesi but is uncommon and sparsely distributed (White & Bruce 1986; _=:.;:-;-.-e ,.-:>se to the Coates&Bishop 1997). ·- ::-_,,-_::.- Habitats -~ .:.5:..:. scrub and Maleo Macrocephalon maleo E, Endangered Panua NR is named after the local (Gorontalo) indigenous name for this megapode (Uno :_-- __ .:-_!l..l~g.J. ' n' d ge, 1949). There are two main nesting grounds in the reserve, both coastal sites near the ::: \\-::-,::-: recently village of Paguat (Wiriosoepartho 1980). A harvest of c. 10,000 from a 2 ha coastal strip was reported for 1947 (Uno 1949). Wiriosoepartho (1980) estimated the total :.:<~~ed fo rests number of breeding hens at 25-67% of the total in the 1940s. Argeloo (1994) noted 490 ~ ;;.:·:..:a.~eci on the burrows and a minimum of 125 pairs using the sites annually between 1985-1991. ~ ~e : c:-.~ge:a Ri\·e r. We visited the nesting grounds over six days in March and May 2000, months falling =;; ::.:~:;.;.;-oed ridge within the species' reputed breeding season in north Sulawesi (Argeloo 1994). The nesting grounds were monitored from dawn until late aft ernoon by teams of observers sitting motionless in a number oflocations, but no Maleos were recorded. The sole record was of a ~· _:.::.: ..::'t:r camp - - _-_-;>;-:-: s:opes of lone bird in scrubby coastal forest close to the Trans-Sulawesi highway at Paguat on 30 April. Interviews with local people at Paguat in May suggest that small numbers of Maleo 20 Ku hila Vol. 12 2003 RILEY et a/ still use both nesting grounds. However, the population is endangered by a number of Ochre-bellied Bo serious threats including the loss of forest habitat adjacent to nesting grounds, .\lost records \\·e~. collection, and habitat fragmentation. Unless protection measures are increased it seems \\ith up to six bm inevitable that these nesting grounds, once supporting the largest known population in close to the camp Sulawesi (Argeloo 1994), will be abandoned in the future. Satanic NightjaJ Beach Thick-knee Esacus magnirostris NT There are fe\\' re: Two birds, presumably a pair, were observed on mud flats at the Paguat mangroves on Park (BirdLife lm several days between 2 7 February and 7 May. This is a sparsely distributed and uncommon ered a of th1s: species on Sulawesi that is classified as globally Near Threatened (Coates & Bishop 1997; c. 345 m asl. a c IUCN 2 000; Birdlife lnternational2 001). \\'ardill (2003 Maroon-chinned Fruit-dove Ptilinopus subgularis E, NT Sulawesi Dwarf Recorded only in primary, secondary and disturbed forests at 90-225 m asl at Kalimas This was the mo:: between 12 and 30 May. There were a total of 15 sight records of 1-3 birds during transect birds \\·ere seen 2: surveys, with birds also regularly heard along both transects and around the camp. logged forest a ne c Pied Imperial Pigeon Ducula bicolor lilac-cheeked 1\..i Flocks of between 15 and 25 birds were observed flying over the Paguat mangroves Seen and heard ~ · throughout the survey period, with the majority of birds noted in the early morning during transec s;,; leaving roosts in mangroves and moving inland. A maximum of c. 600 birds, including one exce pt for t\.\'0 il Cl ock of c. 120 birds, was noted on 6 May. Identified from White Imperial Pigeon D. logged forest at l(' luctuosa (not recorded for the reserve) by the all jet black primaries and secondaries, white tertials, and cream white head and underparts. On mainland Sulawesi D. bicolor is a Green-backed K sparsely and locally distributed species (Coates & Bishop 1997) Single birds of thts \\·ere obsen·ed 1 :: Yellow-breasted Racquet-tailPrioniturnsjlavicans E (N), NT 23 May. We also h~ This north peninsula endemic is considered Near Threatened (White & Bruce the Kalimas camps 1986; Coates & Bishop 1997; IUCN 2000; BirdLife International 2001). It occurs at estimated densities of 16 birds km-2 in Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park (to the east of Hooded Pitta Pin Panua NR), and may have specialized nesting requirements (Walker & Cahill 2000; On Sulawesi, restr: Walker & Seroji 2000) At Panua NR we sighted a single bird in logged forest at Kalimas on a little known in ha 20 May, and have two records from primary forest at Butato injune. Although it was heard 22 and 31 Ma\· a I more frequently than seen, particularly at Kalimas, we consider the species rare in the selectively logge reserve. Butato in primary: Red-billed Hanging-parrot Loriculus exilis E, NT Pied -shn Apparently very rare in Panua NR, although possibly overlooked because of its small size Confined to lmdar and unobtrusive behaviour. We saw just one pair on 28 May at c. 190 m asl in primary floc ks of 4-5 birds 1 forest at Kalimas. 25 5masl. Hodgson's Hawk-cuckoo Cuculusfugax Rufous-throated A rare visitor to Sulawesi during the northern winter with records in January and March Occurs thro ugho~ (Coates & Bishop 1997) One immature bird was found with its legs entangled amongst International 20L ~ vines in secondary scrub along the Batudulanga River on 5 March. King (2002) proposes logged forest bet\\~ splitting the four forms of C. Jugax into four species. If this proposal is accepted the primary riverine fo individual we recorded should be assigned to the migratory Northern Hawk-cuckoo 24 May. Hierococcyx ( Cuculus) hyperythrus. Sulawesi Drongo Drongos were reco1 noted in primary ar the altitudinal rang RILEY er a/ '\otewonhy Records of Birds fro m the Panua Nature Reserve Kukila VoL 12 2003 2l

red by a number of Ochre-bellied Boo book Ninox ochracea E, NT ~~:::1g grounds, egg \ 1ost records were obtained in heavily disturbed riverine forest around the Kalimas camp, ·c ::1creased it seems ''ith up to six birds heard each night throughout Ma y. A pair ofboobooks was mist-netted r:O'.\Tl population in close to the camp at 0130 hrs on l 7 May. Satanic diabolicus E, VU There are few reliable records of this little-known species outside Lore Lindu National '~c!a: :nangroves on Park (Birdlife International 2001; Riley & Wardill, this volume) On ll May we discov­ ::cd a:1d uncommon ered a nest of this species in the centre of a dense area of rattan in selectively logged forest at :.:e~ .5;:: B1shop 1997; c. 345 m asl, above Kalimas. Full details of this observation are provided by Riley & Ward ill (2003). Sulawesi Dwarf Ceyx fallax E, NT 25 ::: asl at Kalimas This was the most commonly recorded forest kingfi sher species at Panua NR. Solitary ' :~ds ci:.mng transect birds were seen at Kalimas and Butato with a total of 2l records, 13 of them in selectively .:: ::-:e camp. logged forest and eight in primary forest, at altitudes of 125-555 m asl. Lilac-cheeked Kingfisher Cittura cyanotis E, NT !J:.~at mangroves Seen and heard regularly at both Kalimas and Butato, with a total of 18 observations ::-.e early morning during transect surveys between 15 May and 16 June. All sightings were of single birds = ~ ~ds. :ncluding one except for two birds together on 31 May. They were noted in both primary and selectively ::::-.?e:1al Pigeon D. logged fo rest at l 00-315 m asl. : ~econda ries, white -.\· e~: D. bicolor is a Green-backed Kingfisher monarchus E, NT Single birds of this species were recorded on four separate occasions at Kalimas only Birds ''-ere observed in primary and selectively logged forest at c. 130-4 35 m asl between 12 and 23 May. We also heard a bird calling at dawn on 16 May in disturbed riverine forest close to ~.:! \\"h!te & Bruce the Kalimas campsite. ~.:'01 ' _ It occurs at ,: ?:uk to the east of Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida ·er .5;:: Cahill 2000; On Sulawesi, restricted to the north peninsula where the endemic subspecies P s.forsteni is fc~est at Kalimas on a little known inhabitant oflowland forest ( Coates & Bishop 1997) On four dates between ::-.L~:.:gh it ,,·as heard 22 and 31 May at Kalimas two birds were recorded in the same location at c. 130 m asl in ~::;eoes rare in the selectively logged forest. The only other observation was of a single bird on 15 June at Butato in primary forest at c. 575 m asl. Pied Cuckoo-shrike Coracina bicolor E, NT :::~e of ns small size Confined to lowland forests this species was frequently encountered at Panua NR in small : .1 ::: as! in primary flocks of 4-5 birds in the crowns of tall trees in secondary and selectively logged forest to c. 255masl. Rufous-throated Flycatcher Ficedula rufigula E, NT j.::.:-,·..:.::.:-y and \1arch Occurs throughout Sulawesi in lowland forest ( Coates & Bishop 1997; Birdli.fe e;;.:.::.:-:gled amongst International 2001). Single birds were observed on 13 dates in primary and selectively .-,; : 002 proposes logged forest between c. 130 m and 315 m asl. A male bird was caught in a mist-net set in ~.::.: :s accepted the primary riverine forest at Kalimas, where a pair was seen feeding a single juvenile bird on ::c~: Ha,,·k-cuckoo 24 May. Sulawesi Drongo Dicrurus montanus E Drongos were recorded on five dates between 17 May and ll June at Kalimas. They were noted in primary and selectively logged forest between c. 265 m and 490 m asl, lower than the altitudinal range of 5 SO-l ,800 m asl given by Coates & Bishop (1997). This species is 22 Kuhila Vol. 12 2003 RlLEY et a/ distinguished from the more widespread D. hottentottus by the dark (red) eye, slender :·et a single fi eld offJc, build and long, forked tail lacking flared outer tail feathers. On one occasion D. montanus -=-~us the resen·e 1s In:: was observed accompanying a party of Heck's Macaques Macaca hechi, apparently feeding Despite these pr.: on disturbed by the macaques. ::'Cosystems are still re: ::on area in North SuL Discussion ::'nclosed in its bord e~: The above species accounts suggest Panua NR is an important area for the conservation of -Oastal and lowland :·c Sulawesi's unique avifauna. The intact and relatively undisturbed lowland forests support ::'!forts to consen·e the! populations of 11 putatively threatened endemic birds. The true conservation value of the reserve has yet to be realized. Our brief surveys have been concentrated in the southern, Acknowledgements lowland section of the park, where 124 species of birds, 19 species of mammals, and 87 tree species have been recorded (Lee et al. 2000). Vast areas in the central and northern -=-~e fieldwork \\·oulc :­ :::e \\"CS field team :; section of the reserve have yet to be surveyed, and the biodiversity of the high mountain :\.friadi Pongtuluran. _ peaks remains unexplored. Palit, Edyson Maneas.:; Throughout North Sulawesi, natural environments are being lost as a consequence of Lentey, and Meilyam \ accelerating pressures from mining, logging and land conversion on protected areas (e.g. Sulawesi Program. \\·e Lee et al. 2001). In Panua, however, the remoteness of many areas from human settle­ in North Sulawesi. par; ments, the extreme terrain, and resultant difficulty of access, have all contributed to a Brien, and their office lessening of human impact on the forest. providing advice and; Whilst the park's size has ameliorated some of the negative pressures resulting from from NRM/EPlQ human activities in its hinterlands, it nevertheless faces a number of serious threats, specifically gold mining, habitat degradation and hunting. Gold mining is the single most important activity impacting on the park at present. lt is concentrated at three sites: Mount References Pani (or rather the unnamed c. 772 m asl peak to the southwest of Mount Pani) in the Argeloo, M. 1994. The.: southwest; Mount Langge in the southeast; and an isolated site in the northeast (reported ofSulawesi 's endem: Birdlife International2L1l by miners to be close to Mount Util emba, but not visited by WCS) Most mining is illegal International. Can:::-: and is causing localized degradation of forests, poisoning of water sources by mercury, and Coates, BJ &: K. D. B1sl:,> increased levels of hunting. FAO. 1982. Nationa l C•,:· Illegal hunting of wildlife is a prevalent problem. Large mammals are the hunters' IUCN. 2000. 2000 /L"C. ..= primary target species, but traps were noted to have captured Sulawesi Ground-Dove King, B. 2002. The H:c'Ti Gallicolumba tristigmata and Redjunglefowl Gall us gall us. Ornithologists' Clul' ~ : Other pressures, significant in certain sectors of the park, include illegal rattan and Klapste,J 1982. Bat Ha", timber extraction and agricultural encroachment. Until recently timber extraction appears KSDA. 1998. Irifom:as: to have been a relatively minor pressure on the park. However, logging activities in some Manado. areas along the periphery of the reserve are becoming increasingly intensive and large Lee, R J, J Ril ey &:: H. - amounts of wood of certain tree species are being poached. At Kalimas, rafts of hardwood Surveys and Man age·"· to the Indonesian De: planks are floated down the Randangan River from at least two to four days walk (esti­ Lee, R. J, J Riley & R ; mated to be c. 30 km inland). All forests close to major rivers in the Randangan catchment, Utara , Indon esia. :\R\ along the Batudulanga River, and in the Bumbulan River system have been affected by this Riley, J &: J C Wardll. : selective logging. diabolicus on Sula\\·e~: All of these factors have a negative effect on the habitats or wildlife contained within Stattersfield, A J, \l j C the reserve's boundaries and are particularly serious in the southern portion of the Pliolities for Biod h c''·:.: protected area. These problems are exacerbated by the low numbers of guards present Thiolay,J M.&: Rahman. = inside the park and the current inadequate management and administrative structure. To conservation status 2· date it appears that management of Panua NR by the government agency for Natural Cno, A 1949. Het natm::-:­ Resources and Conservation (KSDA) has been virtually non-existent. The reserve is Sal. Muller) in het b:· : subject to some of the most intensive pressures of all protected areas in the province and \\'alker, J S. &: A J Ca~:: Parrot Phonitu ru sJ1c<· :. RILEY et a/ "lotewonhy Records or Birds rrom the Panua Nature Resef\T Kuhila Vol 12 2003 23

" \~eel eye. slender yet a single field officer is responsible for routine protection of over 45,000 ha of land. ~,:.151on D. montanus Thus the reserve is little more than a 'paper park'. , J.;::Jarently feeding Despite these problems, the reserve has significant conservation potential as its ecosystems are still relatively in tact. The reserve is the second largest terrestrial conserva­ tion area in North Sulawesi (Lee et al. 2001) and combined with the diversity of habitats enclosed in its borders representing an ecological progression from mangroves through ·;--_"' co:-~serY ation of coastal and lowland forest to submontane forests clearly has a key role to play in future ....s-.:. :o:-ests support efforts to conserve the island's biodiversity . .-. :;::c:c \·alue of the :?::: :!, :!le southern, Acknowledgements : :--:-..:;u:-nals. and 87 :&_:,-:;: and northern The fieldwork would not have been possible without the hard work of all the members of ::-:c :-::;::h mountain the WCS field team (lwan Hunowu, Feliks Talangamin, Meyner Nusalawo, Steven Siwu, Afriadi Pongtuluran, Moh. Taufiq Soleman, Christoporus Merung. Anna Pombos, Meiske Palit, Edyson Maneasa, and Yopi Manderos) and office staff (Renee Manoppo, Stephan ~ :; -~'::seque nce of Lentey, and Meilyani Mantiri). Special thanks are extended to Dr Rob Lee , Director WCS -~c-:c_:ed areas (e.g. Sulawesi Program. We would like to thank the Department of Forestry (PKA) and its staff ..- ~:T- i:-..::11an settle- in North Sulawesi, particularly Mr Luther Papalangi, and Dr Margaret Kinnaircl , Dr Tim 0' • _v:--.:nbuted to a Brien, and their office staff at the Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program for providing advice and logistical support. This work was undertaken with financial support _;-,.;: ~c:::..::nng fro m from NRM/EPIQ . .:-f ::c:-:ous threats, .; ::: ::-.e smgle most References ::.:-.~cc :::res: '\!ount lo'.!:-:: Panil in the Argeloo, M. 1994. The Mal eo Macrocephalon maleo: new information on the distribution and status ofSulawesi'sendemic megapode. Bird Consuvation lntemational4: 383-393. ·,x:i:eJst reported BirdLi fe lnternational200 1. Threatened Birds of Asia: the Bi rdlife International Red Data Booh. Bird Life :'::: :::::--.mg is illegal International, Cambridge. :::::: cy :nercury, and Coates, B.J. & K D. Bishop. 1997. A Guide to the Birds ofWallacea. Dove Publications, Alderley. FAO. 1982. National Conservation Plan for Indonesia. Volume 6, Sulawesi. FAO, Bogor. ;:::: :;~e ~he hunters' lUCN. 2000.2000 IUCN Red ListofThreatenedAnimals. IUCN, Gland . .\-:CS: G~ound -Dove King, B. 2002. The Hi erococcyx fugax , Hodgson's Hawk Cuckoo, complex. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists'Cl~tb 122:74-80. e :::ega! rattan and Klapste,j. 1982. Bat Hawk on Celebes in December 1981. DutchBirding 4: 29-30. KSDA. 1998. Infonnasi Kawasan Konservasi di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Unpublished Report, -:::·::~J.c:on appears Manado. ~ .:.::c-.-::Ies in some ,_:c:--,s:\·e and large Lee, R. ]. , j. Riley & H. Teguh. 2000. Panua Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indones ia: Biological Surveys and Management Recommendations. Unpublished Wildlife Conservation Society report : J.b oi hardwood to the Indonesian Department of Forestry, Manado, Sulawesi. .:r :::Jys wal k (esti­ Lee, R. ]., ]. Riley & R. Merrill. 2001. Keaneharagaman Hayati dan Konservasi di S~tlawesi Bagian ::.lt:£:3:1 catchment, Utara, Indonesia. NRM ll!EPIQ Program,jakana. ~c<. ~::ect ed by this Riley,]. & ]. C. Ward ill. 2003. The status, habitat and breeding of Sa tanic Nightjar Eurostopod~ts diabolicus on Sulawesi, Indonesia. K~thila 12 ~ : ..~mame d within Stattersfield, A.]., M.]. Crosby, A. J. Long & D. C. Wege. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the World: :--:-: :Jortion of the Priolities for Biodiversity Conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge. o:- guards present Thiolay,j M. & Rahman, Z. 2002. The raptor community of Central Sulawesi: habitat selection and ·3.::-.-e structure. To conservation status. Biological Conservation 107: lll-122. ;e:1cy for Natural Uno, A. 1949. Het natuurmonument Panoea (N. Celebes) en het Maleohoen (Macrocephalon maleo :: The reserve is Sal. Muller)inhetbijzonder Tectona39: 151-165. : ,;,e pro\'ince and Wa lker, ]. S. & A. J. Cahill. 2000. Population size and status of the Yellow-breasted Racquet-tail Parrot Prioniturus jlavicans. International! 0: 131-36. 24 Kuhila Vol 12 2003 R!LEY et al Noteworthy Records o:· 3

Walker,JS. & M. Seroji. 2000. Nesting behaviour of the Yellowish-breasted Racquet-tail Prioniturus Tringa totanus flavicans. Forktail16: 61-64. Tringa nebularia White, CM. N. & M. D. Bruce. 1986. The Birds ofWallacea (Sulawesi, The Moluccas & Lesser Sunda Actitis hypoleucos Islands, Indonesia). British Ornithologist's Union, London. (Checklist No. 7) Esacus magnimstris Wiriosoepartho, A S. 1980. Penggunaan Habitat dalam Berbagai Macam Aktivitas oleh Treron griseicauda Macrocephalon maleo Sal. Muller di Cagar Alam Panua, Sulawesi Utara. Lembaga Penelitian Treron vernans Hutan, Bog or. (Laporan 356). Ptilinopus subgu la1is Ptilinopus superbus Ptilinopus melanospila Duwla forsteni Ducula 1·adiata Appendix l. Status, habitat and altitudinal range of birds recorded by authors in Pan ua Ducula aenea NaLure Reserve, North Sulawesi Duwla bicolor Habitat: P, primary foresl; S, secondary forest; L, seleclively logged or disturbed primary forest; M, Turacoena manadens 1s mangrove; K, agricultural land (kebun); R, rivers. Status: E, endemic to Sulawesi region; EN, Macropygia amboino:s:s Endangered; VU, Vulnerable; NT, Near Threatened, M, migrant. Streptopelia chin en SIS Chalcophaps indica Chalcophaps stepham Latin Name English Name Altitude range Habitats Status Gallicolumba trisngn:a::; (m asl) Trichoglossus ornarus Plionitu rus fla vica ns Plionitums platunts Anhinga melanogaster Oriental Darter 0-40 M NI Tanygnathus swnar rar.:<.S Ardea sumatrana Great-billed Heron 0 M Loliculus stigmaws Purple Heron 0-40 M,K Ardea purpurea Loliculus exilis Casmerodius albus Great Egret 0 M Cuculus fugax Egretta garzetta Little Egret 0-40 M,K Cacomantis sepulcral:s Bubulcus ibis 0-40 M,K Eudynamys melanorl:'. r: Ardeola speciosa javan Pond-heron 040 K Scythrops novaehollm;,i;:; Butorides striatus Striated Heron 40 M Rhamphococcyx cah ,,.;:_­ Plegadis falcinellus Glossy lbis 40 K Centropus bengalen s1s Pandion haliaetus M Osprey 0 Centropus celebens 1s Macheiramphus alcinus Bat Hawk 0 M Tyto rosenbergii Haliastur indus Brahminy 0-40 M,S,K Otus manadensis Spilornis rufipectus Sulawesi Serpent-eagle 315-465 L,P E Ninox ochracea Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier 0 M Eurostopodus diabolic;,; Accipiter griseiceps Sulawesi Goshawk 230-250 L,P E Eurostopodus mac wc:s Accipiter tlinotatus Spot-tailed Goshawk 130-250 L E Aerodramus vanikol·,·r:s:, Ictinaetus malayensis Black Eagle 0-100 S,K Collocalia escu lenw Spizaetus lanceolatus Sulawesi Hawk-eagle 505-570 p E Hemiprocne longipe 111::s Fa! eo moluccensis Spotted Kestrel 40 K Alcedo atthis Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon 40 K Ceyxfallax Dendrocygna arcuata Wandering Whistling-duck 0-35 M,K,R melanorh •:: · Anas gibberifrons Sunda Teal 0-40 M,R Cittura cyanotis Megapodius cumingii Philippine 0-140 s coroma nda Macrocephalon maleo Mal eo 0-35 M,S E. EN Halcyon chlolis Callus gall us Red 40-590 P,L,P Actenoides monaclms Tu mix suscitator Barred Button-quail 40 K Actenoides princeps Gallirallus philippensis Buff-banded 0-100 S,K Memps m·natus Gallirallus torquatus Barred Rail 0-100 S,K Meropogon forsten i Amaurornis isabellinus lsabelline Bush-hen 0-35 M,K,S E Penelopides exarha ws Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen 0-35 K Rhyticems cassidix Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen 0-35 K Mullelipiws fulvu s Porphylio porphylio Purple Swamphen 0-35 K Dendrocopos tem min ck:: Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover 0 M M Pitta erythrogaster Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel 0 M M Pitta sordida R!L EY et al Noteworthy Records of Birds from the Panua :'\arurc Rese rve Kui1ila Vol. 12 2003 25

::1:::-:;;:l Pnoniturus 1 Tringa totanus Common Redshank 0 M M Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank 0 M M ...::~ :.- i_isser Sunda I Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper 0-40 M,R M Esacus magnirostris Beach Thick-knee 0 M NI :.:._.rr _..!_ ~::·. ![QS oleh Treron griseicmrda Grey-cheeked Green Pigeon 0-425 M,L,P 2::-."::i.;.~a Penelitian ' Treron vernans Pink-necked Green Pigeon 0 M,K Ptilinopus subgularis Maroon-chinned Fruit-dove 130-505 S, L,P E,NT Ptilinopus superbus Superb Fruit-dove 425-570 p Ptilinopus melanospila Black-naped Fruit-dove 0-570 S,L,P Ducula forsteni White-bellied Imperial Pigeon 145-300L,P E Ducula radiata Grey-headed Imperial Pigeon 145-300 L,P E ~'..!::-.o~s m Panua Ducula aenea Green Imperial Pigeon 0-215 M,S,L,P Ducula bicolor Pied Imperial Pigeon 0 M,S Trtracoena manadensis Sulawesi Black Pigeon 0-265 S,L E ~_::-.;-;-.a;-:,· fore st; M, Macropygia amboinensis L.:.·,;.::::: :-c g10n; EN, Slender-bill ed Cuckoo-dove 0-460 L,P E Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove 0-40 S,K Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove 0-410 S,L Chalcophaps stephani Stephan's Dove 0-35 K,S abitats Status Gallicolumba tristigmata Sulawesi Ground-dove 90-515 L,P E Trichoglossus ornatus Ornate Lorikeet 0-40 M,S,K E Phonitu rus jlavicans Yellow-breasted Racquet-tail 270-310 L,P E,NT Prioniturus platw'Us Golden-mantled Racquet-tail 0-465 S,L,P E :\T Tanygnathus sumatranus Blue-backed Parrot 0-185 M,K,S,L Loriculus stigmatus Sulawesi Hanging-parrot 0-435 K,S,L,P E Loriculus exilis Red-billed Hanging-parrot 90 p E,NT Crrculu.s fugax Hodgson's Hawk-cuckoo 0-50 s M Cacoma ntis sepulcralis Rusty-breasted Cuckoo 40-310 L Eudynamys melanorhyncha Black-billed Koel 0-50 s .. Scy thmps novaehollandiae Channel-billed Cuckoo 0-50 K Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchrrs Yellow-billed Malkoha 0-570 S,L,P E Centropus bengalensis Lesser Coucal 0 S, K Centmpus celebensis Bay Coucal 0-585 S, L,P E Tyto rosenbergii Sulawesi 0-240 S,M E Otus manadensis Sulawesi Scopsowl 0-240 S,P E E Ninox ochracea Ochre-bellied Boobook 90 L E,NT Eurostopodus diabolicus 350 L E,VU :.F E Eurostopodus macrotis Great 0-320 M,S,L,P E Aerodramus vanihorensis Uniform Swiftlet 0-40 K,L - -, Collocalia esculenta Glossy Swiftlet 0 K E Hemiprocne longipennis Grey-rumped Tree- 0-275 s Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher 0-200 M,R Ceyxfallax Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher 130-460 L,P E,NT ,- ·- -" Pela1·gopsis melanorhyncha Black-billed Kingfisher 30-210 R E -~ :;.. Cittu m cyano ti s Lilac-cheeked Kingfisher 80-315 S,L,P E,NT - Halcyon coromanda 0-50 R, L ~ ~ E. E:\ Halcyon eh/oris 0-50 M,K - - Actenoides monachus Green-backed Kingfisher 130-435 L E,NT Actenoides princeps Scaly-breasted Kingfisher 200 p E - -, Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater 0-50 M,S M - -· Meropogon Jorsteni Purple-bearded Bee-eater 275-585 p E .! :,.5 E Penelopides exa rha tus Sulawesi 35-510 S,L,P E .. cassidix 80-535 S,L,P E :, Julvtrs Ashy 35-545 S,L,P E :. Dendrocopos temminckii Sulawesi 'Woodpecker 215 p E \' :vi Pitta e1ythrogaster Red-bellied Pitta 130-300 L,P ~1 Pitta sordida Hooded Pitta 115-575 L,P 26 Kuhila Vol. 12 2003 RILEY er a/

Hi nmdo rustica Barn Swall ow 0-50 Hirundo tahitica K M Pacific 0-50 Coracina tcmminchii K Caerulean Cuckoo-shrike 155-440 Coracina bicolor L, P E Pied Cuckoo-shrike 0-255 S,P Coracina leucopygia E,NT White-rumped Cuckoo-sh rike 0-215 M,S,L,P Coracina moria E Key Centre of Tropt Sulawesi Cicadabird 0-575 S,L,P La/age leucopygialis E Te: Sulawesi Triller 140-275 S,L,P Iiichastoma celebense E Sulawesi Babbler 0-585 S, L,P ficedula rufigula E Rufous-throated Flyca tcher 50-350 L,P Summary The breec Culicicapa helianthea E,NT Citrine Flycatcher 0-480 S,M,L,P (Nusa Tenggara) is h11 Ge1ygone sulphww1 Flyeater 0-50 M the early 20'h cemur. Hypothymis azurea Black-naped Monarch 0-570 S,L,P Dicaeum aureolimbatum 1990s, and compares Yellow-sided Flowerpecker 0-440 M,S,L,P Oicaeum cclebicwn E and Sumba) , as \\·e:: Grey-sided Flowerpecker 0-585 M,S,L,P Anthreptcs malacensis E throughout the \\·e; Brown-throated Sunbird 0-500 M,S,L,P Nectarinia aspasia contrasts strongly \\i: Black Sunbird 0-600 M,S,L,P Nectarinia jugularis the three months fro; -backed Sunbird 0-600 M,S,L,P Aethopyga siparclja given the hiatus oi c. Crimson Sunbird 100-370 L,P Zostcwps atlifmns opportunistic or ap; Black-framed White-eye 0-590 M,S,L,P stimulates a more eo:: My:::omcla sanguinolcnta Scarlet Honeyeater 500-600 p Lonchura molucca Black-faced Munia 0 S,K Lonchura punctulata Scaly-breasted Munia 0 M,S Musim Berbiak Bm Lonchura malacca Chestnut Munia 0-85 M,S,K Passer montanus Ringkasan Sampat : Tree Sparrow 0-40 K Aplonis panayensis Sunda Kecil , tidak 'e: Asian Glossy Starling 0-50 M,K Basilomis celebensis awal abad ke-20 da:; Short-crested Myna 35-275 S,L St reptocitta albicollis E penulis di se:: White-necked Myna 205-440 L,P Scissiwstrum dubium E data ya ng tersedia ;,.::­ Finch-bill ed Myna 0-475 M,S,L Oriolus chin ensis E dan juga lndonesta 6 Black-naped Oriole 0-545 S,L,P Oicrunts montamts selama musim hup:-: Sulawesi Drongo 265-585 L,P Dicrurus hollentollus E Pola ini agak minp ·.: Hair-crested Drongo 0-410 S,L,P Artamus leucoJynchus bagian barat (\ 'erhe:.­ White-breasted Wood-swallow 0-435 M,S,K Artamus monachus Ivory-backed Wood-swallow 0-50 dari April hingga Jc:: Corvus enca M,S E Slender-billed Crow 0-50 S,K kekosongan data d.r yang disajikan dt s:: merangsang kajian ~-a

Introduction In terms of their re: least known in the (1950) summarcet (1950) concluded towards the end o season of birds f r: east Asia (e.g. GJl:;sc The breeding:;, the extensive data-' clutches of 101 spe throughout the yeJ strikingly with the but contrasts shart peaks during the Franklin 1999)