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The lexicon by Bubble

You know how to mime at least three onomatopoeias... Let's not worry, we offer you our lexicon to be unbeatable on the world of the 9th art!

1 GENERIC TERMS RELATED TO THE MEDIUM

Album : Refers to the comic book object. Art-book : Beautiful book gathering drawings, sketches, illustrations or specific information on the work and the universe of a series, an author or a universe. Used by extension for beautiful books on animes. Author, author and author: In recent years, women comic strip creators have proposed returning to an old word, author, to fight against sexism and the invisibilization of women in the milieu, rather than author or author. You can read this article by Audrey Alwett which explains well this distinction and its importance & consult the website of the collectif des créatrices de BD contre le sexisme. BDM : Created by Michel Béra, Michel Denni and Philippe Mellot who give their initials to the unofficial argus of the comic strip. Work that gives quotations that refer to the second-hand market, special editions and first editions. Quite contested and criticized on the indicated quotations, it is the only work of this kind existing since 1978, but several sites try to propose alternatives. Digital (or ) comics: Comics created especially to be read on screen. A very nice example here with Phallaina. Bedéphile : An old suitcase word for comic book enthusiasts. : Barbaric term created to designate comic book authors. Bubble (or balloon or phylactery): Materialization of speech in comic strip, generally represented by a bubble with a line towards the character. The phylactery may also indicate thought, and its shape may change to accompany this distinction. Box (or vignette): Main element of a comic strip page, the box delimits a finished space, which is however linked to the adjacent boxes and which hardly exists alone. Colorist: Artist who is specialized in the coloring of albums and plates. It is frequent that a draftsman is also his own colorist. Box: Cardboard binding that can contain several albums to protect or highlight them. Cover: First cardboard page of a book that protects the sheets and presents the album. What is commonly called a cover is called a dish in technical terms. By extension this term refers to the drawing on the cover of the book. The back cover designates the back of the book. Crossover: Story that mixes characters from several universes or that takes place in several series. Cycle (or narrative arc): A grouping of several episodes which form a complete adventure and which develops over several volumes without concluding the story in the broad sense. A series can offer several cycles of different sizes. Back: Called slice by use, the back is the part that holds the book binding. It is also the only visible face on the shelves of our libraries. Bookplates: Image printed separately, usually in the form of a silkscreen or printed image used to promote an album. The originality of the design and/or its rarity make it a popular collector's item. It is very often numbered and signed by its author. Fanzine : Suitcase word that contains fan and magazine. It designates an individual or collective craft publication, produced outside the production circuits. It can be artistic or critical in nature. Fumetti : Designs Italian comics (and comics in general in Italian) Illustrated: Aged term for comic strips, taken from illustrated newspapers (a somewhat pejorative expression that implies the childish character of comics as "little pickets") Complete: A grouping of several albums intended to present a complete story or a complete cycle. Jaquette : Printed cover in the form of a soft cover with flaps that can be added to the existing cover. Clear line: Term forged in the 70s by Joost Swarte to designate the style of Hergé and the authors who claim it, around a will of legibility and stylisation of the line. Ninth art (or 9th art): Expression popularized by Morris, Lucky Luke's designer, to designate the comic strip among the classical arts. With the 7th art (cinema), they are the only ones for which expression is regularly used. One- shot: Refers to an album that does not call immediately. Onomatopoeia: Graphical materialization of a noise or sound with letters and symbols. : Literal translation of the term "graphic novel" coined by Will Eisner to designate a work whose ambition is to treat a subject on a par with literature. The author also gave a canon, with the idea of monovolume and black & white narrative. Scantrad: Pirate translation of a manga or comic book made by fans. Available online and often before official releases, these translations are illegal even though they are very popular. Strip: Literally "strip" means comic strips from the daily press with certain titles to follow or with independent gags. Spin-off: Derived series or album from the main series. Spoiler: I dare not say anything about that word to avoid ruining everything. Head print: Version of an album slightly different from the classic version that comes out before the official release. Its price is higher and often benefits from a more luxurious format or a numbering, signature, etc.... Volume (or volume): Numbered album that is part of a series.

2 TERMS SPECIFICALLY RELATED TO ASIAN COMICS

Anime (or japananimation or japanime): Japanese term which designates the animated drawings and by extension in France to designate all the animated productions coming from Japan or Asia. Anime comics: Manga which is composed of color images of an anime, not original drawings, to which we add bubbles, a recitative or dialogues. Bunkobon : Refers to manga bound in pocket format (A6 format & soft cover) Ecchi : Refers to with sexual connotations with a tendency to target humour more than pornography. To differentiate from the Hentai (see below) which designates more erotic or pornographic mangas. Fan service: Popular practice in Japanese prepublication newspapers and found in albums: where authors please their fans by adding details or scenes that are not useful to the story, but please the audience. A large majority of these fan services offer drawings of heroes & heroines in sexy outfits. : Expression designating a realistic style of manga that is concerned with social issues. Genre appeared in the 60s and 70s on the fringe of manga in its definition of the time. Hentai : Term for erotic or pornographic mangas. Manga: Generic word for Japanese comics in general (and comics in Japan). The term would be taken from the drawing notebooks of the painter Hokusaï at the beginning of the 19th century, who made freer drawings in his notebooks. Josei : Manga for adult women. Kodomo : Manga for children. : Refers to a manga author. Manga-manbun : Particular manga which consists of a drawing with legend, or a strip, inspired by American comic strips. (and ): Manhua: generic word for Chinese comics. Lianhuanhua indicates him a more popular and ancient form than the manhua. Manhuajia: Refers to an author from Manhua. : Generic word for Korean comics. Manhwaga: Refers to an author from Manhwa. Mecha : Abbreviation of "mechanical" which designates the manga genre based on armor and combat robots. Seinen: Manga for adults. Shôjo : Manga for girl. Shônen : Manga for young boy. Shitei: Refers to humorous mangas in the broad sense. Story manga : Refers to mangas that follow each other over several chapters or volumes with a twist plot design most often. Genre popularized by the god of manga, Osamu Tezuka. Tankôbon: Generic term for collections of publications previously pre-published in newspapers. It is these versions that are most often used as the basis for translation for European and American editions. Yaoi (or boys' love): Refers to works that stage sentimental and/or sexual relationships between male characters intended for a female readership. It differs from Men's love (or bara), which is intended for a male readership. Yuri (or Girls' Love): Refers to works that stage sentimental (and rarely sexual) relationships between female characters. : Form of manga frozen in four boxes, most often humorous or autobiographical.

3 TERMS SPECIFICALLY RELATED TO AMERICAN COMICS Annual : A special comic book with a strong pagination that appears once a year or several times on specific occasions. Cartoon: Not to be confused with animated cartoon, this word also designates the American comic strip. The comic book authors who work on this format are . Comics: Generic word for American comics in general (and comics in the USA). One also speaks of Cartoons or Funnies, but these more marked terms are more specifically linked to the press. Comic book: Compendium or booklet that proposes a complete story or a story to follow, regularly published. This is different from paperback (see below). Comic strip: Comic strip from the daily press (then pages of Sunday supplements) with some titles to follow or independent gags. Comix : Comic book distortion, playing on the sound and the final X to mark a break with the industry in place. The term refers to underground comics that appeared in the 60s and 70s. Cover-Artist : Draftsman in charge of creating a comic book cover or specialized in this type of order. Creator-Owned: Character or series whose rights belong to their authors and not to the publisher as is the custom in the USA. Golden Age: Golden age of comics, from the birth of Superman in 1938 until the end of the Second World War. The moment it all started for comic books. Then the Silver Age followed the Golden Age in comic book history from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s. We will follow the Bronze Age (from the beginning of 1970 to 1986) and finally the contemporary period. Relaunch: Relaunch of a series at number #1 (specifying the time or the new period) A relaunch is often accompanied by a graphic redesign. Run (or arc): Refers to the cycle where a writer (or more rarely a draftsman) works on a particular character or universe. His intervention is usually in continuity, but can be read independently. Story-arc : Group several episodes that form a complete adventure or run. : A person with exceptional powers or responsibilities. The most iconic & ancient character is of course Superman. Syndicate: Name which designates the press agencies which deal with the rights of the series and comic strips and the places in the various newspapers. TPB (trade paper back): Integral of a run or story-arc in comics-book, format which is most often used for foreign translations.

4 TECHNICAL TERMS 48cc : A pejorative term popularized by JC Menu to designate the most classic 48-page album format with a cardboard and color cover. This standard has dominated the market for many years because of its price/quality ratio. Today, it is also the name of a collection at the Association's publisher. Self-publishing: The author himself is the publisher of his works and is in charge of printing and even distributing his own books. Blue: Facsimile (see below) of the plate printed in the format of publication where the drawing is printed with a blue line to facilitate inking or colouring. Blue lines (or other colors) do not appear on the printout. Bichromy: Two-colour printing technique obtained after two printing runs. Lost Edges: A box that is not bordered by a margin or that touches one of the edges of the page. Cartridge (or recitative): Boxed text that comments on the action, indicates a link or a temporality. It can also be used to materialize a voice-over. Pencil: First effective stage of the draftsman's work where he places the visual elements of the board and the boxes in pencil (or in digital form) by searching and correcting until he finds the desired drawing. This pencil is used as a base for inking or colouring (rarer, see direct colour). Direct Color: Process of putting the color directly on the original plate without going through the "blue" or the digital. Storyboard: A way of presenting the boxes and visual sequences that serve the narration. The cutting is the structure of the album (in Japanese this step is called Nemu) Legal deposit: Obligation of the publisher to register each publication at the National Library and to deposit two copies there. Diffuser: Company representing several publishers in charge of marketing books to professionals, they also manage transport, stocks and returns. Publisher: Company that prints and markets books after having purchased the rights from the authors. It promotes and manages the rights and organises their catalogues and collections around more or less specialised editorial lines. Ellipse (or intericonic space): Space separating two squares and by shortened narrative extension that allows to play on temporality. The comic strip is an art of the ellipse and its understanding is based on this principle. Not to be confused with the writing techniques that are flash- back: "flashback" or flash-forward: "leap forward". Inking: Final stage of the drawing, to clean the pencil. Some American artists have specialized in this technique and form an independent profession in the same way as colorists. Facsimile: Reproduction of an identical plate. Italian format: Album printed in "landscape format. » Heater: Cutting a board into a regular grid with the same number of squares with little or no variation. Gutter: Space between the boxes (usually white). Also refers to the edge facing the back on the book object. Insert (or incrustation) : Case or several boxes embedded in another. Iteration iconic: Process that allows to tell a story with one or more limited boxes by duplicating them (and modifying dialogs) Printer: Company responsible for printing the books and ensuring the complete design of the object. Lettering: Step which consists in writing the text in the bubbles or the cartridges. Most of the time, it is done by hand, but more and more is done by computer using custom fonts. Medium: Singular media that designates the medium of a work. We speak of medium comic strip in the same way as the medium literature. Layout: Refers both to the organization of the boxes and the board, but also to the work on the model of the album. Offset: The most common printing technique on press, used for printing comic book albums. Board : Refers to a comic strip page. An original plate is the sheet on which the designer has worked directly, unique object the original plates are the subject of a fashionable market at the moment and particularly attractive speculations. Pre-publication: Story or part of a story published in a newspaper before its complete publication in an album. For manga or comics, this is a more common stage than in Europe where the major newspapers have almost all disappeared. Recitative (or set of didascalies): Indication of the time or place that is most often found in the cartouches. Sequence : A series of boxes or images forming a narrative set. Screen printing: A printing technique that uses layers of alternative colours. A technique a little more expensive than offset, screen printing is often reserved 06 Apr 2018 #Bandes Dessinées

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