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TAXON:Sesuvium Verrucosum Raf. SCORE:9.0 RATING:High Risk

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TAXON:Sesuvium Verrucosum Raf. SCORE:9.0 RATING:High Risk TAXON: Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. Family: Aizoaceae Common Name(s): romerillo Synonym(s): Sesuvium erectum Correll western purslane Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 7 Nov 2017 WRA Score: 9.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Perennial Herb, Naturalized, Succulent, Halophyte, Self-Compatible Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 7 Nov 2017 (Sesuvium verrucosum Raf.) Page 1 of 15 TAXON: Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 n conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 1 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 7 Nov 2017 (Sesuvium verrucosum Raf.) Page 2 of 15 TAXON: Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [No evidence of domestication] "Sesuvium verrucosum is Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2004. Flora of widespread and variable, with habitat preferences extending from North America: Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, coastal, saline wetlands to reservoir margins and desert alkali playas Part 1. Oxford University Press US, New York and Oxford in North America and South America." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Moist or seasonally dry flats, margins of usually saline or alkaline Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2004. Flora of habitats, including coastal wetlands and desert playa lakes; 0-1000 North America: Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, m; Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Kans., La., Nev., N.Mex., Okla., Oreg., Tex., Part 1. Oxford University Press US, New York and Oxford Utah; Mexico; South America." 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2004. Flora of North America: Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, Part 1. Oxford University Press US, New York and Oxford Creation Date: 7 Nov 2017 (Sesuvium verrucosum Raf.) Page 3 of 15 TAXON: Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes "Hardiness: USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F) USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F) Dave's Garden. 2017. Western Sea Purslane - Sesuvium USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) verrucosum. USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F) https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/93123/. [Accessed USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) 6 Nov 2017] USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" [Broad distribution and elevation range] "Moist or seasonally dry Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2004. Flora of flats, margins of usually saline or alkaline habitats, including coastal North America: Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, wetlands and desert playa lakes; 0-1000 m; Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Part 1. Oxford University Press US, New York and Oxford Kans., La., Nev., N.Mex., Okla., Oreg., Tex., Utah; Mexico; South America." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Sesuvium verrucosum is native to North and South America, and prefers coastal habitats as well as reservoir margins and ephemeral desert ponds (Ferren 2003). This species was first collected on Maui, Frohlich, D. & Lau, A. 2012. New plant records for the ŝŶ<ţŚĞŝ͘ŝƚŚĂĚďĞĞŶŵŝƐŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĞĚĂƐ^͘ƉŽƌƚƵůĂĐĂƐƚƌƵŵ͘dŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ Hawaiian islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: was then collected in a dry limestone coastal flat just above the Ϯϳʹϱϰ intertidal zone at Maunalua Bay, o͚ahu. This species has also been reported from O͚ahu (but so far not collected) from Kalaeloa to Pearl Harbor. it was then collected from Moloka͚i, in a residential coastal area." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 ? introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Bohley, K., Winter, P. J., & Kadereit, G. (2017). A Revision "Introduced as an ornamental in Saudi Arabia and also reported of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae). Systematic from Kish Island in Southern Iran (Fadaie et al. 2006)." Botany, 42(1), 124-147 Frohlich, D. & Lau, A. 2012. New plant records for the "it is unclear whether this species was intentionally or accidentally Hawaiian islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: introduced, although it does not appear to be widely cultivated." Ϯϳʹϱϰ "Nursery Availability California Native Plant Society. 2017. Western Sea- Never or Almost Never Available purslane - Sesuvium verrucosum. http://calscape.org/. Nurseries [Accessed 6 Nov 2017] Garden Growers Nursery" 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes Creation Date: 7 Nov 2017 (Sesuvium verrucosum Raf.) Page 4 of 15 TAXON: Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. "Naturalized: 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Asia-Temperate Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Arabian Peninsula: Bahrain; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates" [Accessed 6 Nov 2017] "Sesuvium verrucosum is native to North and South America, and prefers coastal habitats as well as reservoir margins and ephemeral desert ponds (Ferren 2003). This species was first collected on Maui, Frohlich, D. & Lau, A. 2012. New plant records for the ŝŶ<ţŚĞŝ͘ŝƚŚĂĚďĞĞŶŵŝƐŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĞĚĂƐ^͘ƉŽƌƚƵůĂĐĂƐƚƌƵŵ͘dŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ Hawaiian islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: was then collected in a dry limestone coastal flat just above the Ϯϳʹϱϰ intertidal zone at Maunalua Bay, o͚ahu. This species has also been reported from o͚ahu (but so far not collected) from Kalaeloa to Pearl Harbor. it was then collected from Moloka͚i, in a residential coastal area." "Sesuvium verrucosum is reported for the first time from Iran and Fadaie, F., Attar, F., & Ghahreman, A. (2006). A new record Flora Iranica area. It was collected in Kish Island and near Mahshshr of Aizoaceae (Sesuvium verrucosum Raf.) for the Flora of in S. Iran. It differs in number of stamens, shape and size of leaves Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 12, 87-88 and plant color in drying state from S. sesuvioides (Fenzl) Verdc. which was introduced from Flora Iranica only from Pakistan." 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed Source(s) Notes "Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. Aizoaceae Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd Total N° of Refs: 1 Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall Habit: perennial Herb Major Pathway/s: Herbal References: United States of America-N- 2092." [Disturbance adapted.
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