National Historic Landmarks

Columbus Indiana Area Visitors Center 2012-2013 Tour Guide Training Session

THE SEVEN ICONIC BUILDINGS IN COLUMBUS, INDIANA Uniquely distinguished so as to be designated as National Historic Landmarks

• Exploring their timeless and seamless qualities with respect to their urban, landscape, architecture and interior design.

Anthony J. “Tony” Costello, FAIA Irving Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Architecture Ball State University, Muncie, IN Saturday, 16 February 2013 ANOTHER NOTEWORTHY RECOGNIZTION

The five buildings that have that have won AIA National Architecture Design Awards often considered “the Pantheon of AIA Awards”… for buildings and their architects.

After the presentation – a unique opportunity to own a piece of archival history of Columbus architecture

Columbus Indiana Area Visitors Center 2012-2013 Tour Guide Training Session

Exploring their timeless and seamless qualities with respect to their urban, landscape, architecture and interior design. The history of these great post- WWII (*) “MODERNIST” buildings, landscapes and interior designs present a microcosm of this movement in the United States.

In fact, NO OTHER AMERICAN CITY can claim such a comprehensive collection of buildings and landscapes whose architects and landscapes form the PANTHEON OF POST WWII MODERNIST DESIGNERS. (*) With the exception of the First Christian Church (1942) Columbus, Indiana … a living & learning community How do we define “modernism?” The term Moderism has been adopted by the art community in recent years to describe a diverse range of architecture, decorative, applied and graphic arts created between 1880-1940 … from the emergence of the British Arts and Crafts Movement to the outbreak of WWII. *

• Found on page 10; Modernism / modernist design 1880-1940, text by Alastair Duncan, Antique Collectors’ Club, Norwest Corporation, Minneapolis, MN, 1998. The period is “elastic,” some preferring to include The Aesthetic Movement (1860- 1880) as well. Others have extended the dates to include the decade of the 1950s.#

# Found on page 10; Modernism / modernist design 1880-1940, text by Alastair Duncan, Antique Collectors’ Club, Norwest Corporation, Minneapolis, MN, 1998. Drawing as a means to analyze architecture & planning through the head & hand and … in doing so … and understand them at a depth that can NOT BE CAPTURED WITH A CAMERA or MANIPULATED WITH COMPUTER GRAPHICS.

• Drawings can also be used to illustrate and clarify PROCESS. • (Left) Hypothetical seating layouts by famous architects for a client meeting. • (Above). Drawing used to teach facilitation techniques.

• T. Costello / 2008 AIA Grassroots Conference / ten helpful Hints on Facilitating a Focus Group or Community Charrette. Drawing as a means to analyze architecture & planning through the head & hand and … in doing so … and understand them at a depth that can NOT BE CAPTURED WITH A CAMERA or MANIPULATED WITH COMPUTER GRAPHICS.

Diagrammatics can be used to illustrate for urban concepts for the lay public.

Historic map shows the city beginning to grow towards the north-east … away from flood plains. Note Washington Street’s prominence in the north direction and impact of railroads.

URBAN DESIGN: the larger-scaled context in which individual buildings, landscapes and public art exist and the role they each play in creating the “cityscape” and … in turn … the “quality of life” that Columbus is noted for. URBAN DESIGN: the larger-scaled context in which individual buildings, landscapes and public art exist and the role they each play in creating the “cityscape” and … in turn … the “quality of life” that Columbus is noted for. URBAN DESIGN: the larger-scaled context in which individual buildings, landscapes and public art exist and the role they each serves in creating the “cityscape” and … in turn … the “quality of life” that Columbus is noted for. This is the “architect …first as urban designer … then as the designer of the individual building.” URBAN DESIGN: the larger-scaled context in which individual buildings, landscapes and public art exist and the role they each serves in creating the “cityscape” and … in turn … the “quality of life” that Columbus is noted for. This is the “architect …first as urban designer … then as the designer of the individual building.”

The “Roots & Branches” of Modernist Architecture in Columbus, Indiana The “Roots & Branches” of Modernist Architecture in Columbus, Indiana The ROOTS … the architects represented by them … were planted well over a century and one quarter ago in Western Europe. One could actually consider the earlier generation of these modernist architects (1880’s –WWI) to be the RICH AND FERTILE SOIL which nourished the ROOTS in their growth. This nourishment took the form of theoretical and philosophical foundation upon which the later (WWI - 1950’s) MODRENIST MOVEMENT was based. The TREES depict THE INFLUENTIAL SCHOOLS OF ARCHITECTURE that grew after WWII when the BAUHAUS MOVEMENT & PHILOSOPHY replaced that of the BEAUS ARTS, the 2000 year old tradition of architectural education founded at the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris, France. Mies @ IIT / Chicago & Gropius @ Harvard were among the most famous of these educators who also ran successful practices. The TREES depict THE INFLUENTIAL SCHOOLS OF ARCHITECTURE that grew after WWII when the BAUHAUS MOVEMENT & PHILOSOPHY replaced that of the BEAUS ARTS, the 2000 year old tradition of architectural education founded at the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris, France. Mies @ IIT / Chicago & Gropius @ Harvard were among the most famous of these educators who also ran successful practices. The larger branches ...those with the most direct relationship to tops of the trunks schools are where one finds what today could be termed a TEACHING OFFICE. This is an office where the principals and senior partners become MENTORS to younger members of the firm, many of who leave to start their own practices. The larger branches ...those with the most direct relationship to tops of the trunks schools are where one finds what today could be termed a TEACHING OFFICE. This is an office where the principals and senior partners become MENTORS to younger members of the firm, many of who leave to start their own practices. The TREES depict THE INFLUENTIAL SCHOOLS OF ARCHITECTURE that grew after WWII when the BAUHAUS MOVEMENT & PHILOSOPHY replaced that of the BEAUS ARTS, the 2000 year old tradition of architectural education founded at the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris, France. Mies @ IIT / Chicago & Gropius @ Harvard were among the most famous of these educators who also ran successful practices.

• Columbus, Indiana, is the ONLY city in the world to have buildings designed by both Saarinens: The First Christian Church (1942) right , above, by Eliel Saarinen; the North Christian Church (1964) left above, by Eero Saarinen . Both father and son were recipients of the AIA Gold Medal.

Pages from Eero Saarinen’s sketchbook Pages from Eero Saarinen’s sketchbook First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42) Case Study No.3: First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42)

The larger branches ...those with the most direct relationship to tops of the trunks schools are where one finds what today could be termed a TEACHING OFFICE. This is an office where the principals and senior partners become MENTORS to younger members of the firm, many of who leave to start their own practices.

J. Robert F.Swanson, Eliel Saarinen, and Eero Eero Saarinen, Ralph Rapson, & Fred Jmaes shortly Saarinen with model of Smithsonian galler if Art after winning the William & Mary Competition, Project, 1939. (Firm dissolved in 1947) February 1939 The larger branches ...those with the most direct relationship to tops of the trunks schools are where one finds what today could be termed a TEACHING OFFICE. This is an office where the principals and senior partners become MENTORS to younger members of the firm, many of who leave to start their own practices.

• J. Robert F.Swanson, Eliel Saarinen, and Eero Saarinen with model of • Smithsonian Gallery Art Project, 1939. (Firm dissolved in 1947) First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42) Case Study No.3: First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42)

Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960)

The Mabel McDowell Adult Education Center (formerly the Mabel McDowell Elementary School) was built in 1960 in Columbus, Indiana. The building, designed by architect John Carl Warnecke, was converted to an adult education center in 1982. In 2001, the building was designated by the National Park Service as a National Historic Landmark because of its architecture. In its application to the National Park Service for protected status, the building is described as "significant as an early example of modern architecture in Columbus, and as an important example of the contextual work of John Carl Warnecke, a leading architect of the twentieth century."[3] Warnecke also designed the John F. Kennedy grave at Arlington National Cemetery and the Hawaii State Capitol building. Warnecke's design for McDowell attempted to combine functionality with open space reminiscent of an Indiana farm landscape. In his concept for McDowell, Warnecke said a "dominant characteristic of southern Indiana is the flat terrain, a horizontal theme accentuated by tall Victorian houses, barns, and silos, with picturesque groves of trees. The school design is based on the creation of similar grouping of masses and spaces in a scheme which focuses the school group into its own controlled environment, yet extends it outward to the community." John Carl Warnecke

John Carl Warnecke and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy discuss plans for Lafayette Square in September 1962.

(1919-02-24)February 24, 1919 Born Oakland, California, U.S. April 17, 2010(2010-04-17) (aged 91) Died Healdsburg, California, U.S. Nationality American John Carl Warnecke Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960) Mabel McDowell Elementary School; ARCHITECT John Carl Warnecke (1960)

The First Christian Church (1940-1942) in Columbus, IN [Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ] is considered to be one of first modernist / contemporary churches in the U.S.A. Thus, by any standard, it is a seminal work of architecture and the first iconic symbols of the “Athens of the Prairie”

Found on page 10; Modernism / modernist design 1880-1940, text by Alastair Duncan, Antique Collectors’ Club, Norwest Corporation, Minneapolis, MN, 1998. First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42) First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42) Case Study No.3: First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42) Case Study No.3: First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42) Case Study No.3: First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42) CREATION OF COLUMBUS’ CIVIC SPACE I.M. Pei, Urban Designer First Christain Church (left)) , Arch.: Eliel Saarinen (1942) and Cleo Roges Memorial Library, Arch.: I.M. Pei (1969) create Columbus’ public gathering space that frocuses on the Henry Moore sculpture, Large Arch (1971).

North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) Chapel, Concordia College, Ft. Wayne, IN ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1958) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley (1964) ( North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) Case Study No.2: North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) : North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) : North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) : North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) : North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) North Christian Church ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIORS: Alexander Girard (1964) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) Sketches by Harry Weese First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) First Baptist Church ARCHITECT: Harry Weese (1965) Case Study No.3: First Christian Church Original name: Tabernacle Church of Christ ARCHITECT: Eliel Saarinen (1940-42) Irwin Union Bank & Trust Company ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: Dan Kiley (1950-54) . Irwin Union Bank & Trust Company ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: Dan Kiley (1950-54) . Irwin Union Bank & Trust Company ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: Dan Kiley (1950-54) Irwin Union Bank & Trust Company ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Rethinking the bank … From …. . Irwin Union Bank & Trust Company ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Rethinking the bank … from …. Irwin Union Bank & Trust Company ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT to!!!!! . Irwin Union Trust Company ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: Dan Kiley (1950-54)

J.Irwin & Zenia Miller Residence ARCHITECT: Eero Saarinen LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: Dan Kiley INTERIOR DESIGN: Alexander Girard (1953-57) Graphic diagrammatic (right) clarifies critical linkage between the two locations One-day charrette: “Brainstorming the future of the Miller & Irwin Residences & Gardens, Columbus This is an example of a charrette where the most important “final product” is ascertaining what the REAL ISSUES are. Participants represent “the world of heavy hitters” in terms of both the patron and an architects & landscape architects who have (executed commissions) in Columbus

• Robert A.M. Stern, FAIA Michael van Valkenburg, FASLA • Dean, Yale School of Former Chair, Dept. of LA School of Architecture (Colum. Reg. Hosp) @ Harvard’s GSD (Mill Race Park)

While a young designer at Eero Saarinen and Associates , Kevin Roche, FAIA, and a recipient of the AIA’s Gold Medal, was very prominent in the design development of the J. Irwin Miller Residence (1953-57).

Kevin Roche (& John Dinkeloo), go on to design many prominent buildings in Columbus for Cummins Engine Company, the most prominent of which is the Cummins International Headquarters Building ((1983)

Miller Residence and Gardens, Columbus, IN

Miller Residence and Gardens, Columbus, IN Landscape design by Dan Kiley, FASLA. Allay of tress between residence and meadow. Photo by Tony Costello (2010) Miller Residence and Gardens, Columbus, IN Landscape design by Dan Kiley, FASLA. Sculpture by Jacque Lipshitz (1891-1973) Photo by Tony Costello (2010) Note: This photo taken by Costello before the residence was donated to the IMA and the art work sold at auction. Miller Residence and Gardens, Columbus, IN Outdoor deck facing west and the meadow w/ Eames chairs. Photo by Tony Costello (2010) Miller Residence and Gardens, Columbus, IN

Miller Residence and Gardens, Columbus, IN Sunken conversation pit; interior design by Alexander Girard Photo by Tony Costello (2010) Note: This photo taken by Costello before the residence was donated to the IMA and the art work sold at auction. Thus, the painting, “Water Lillies,” by Claude Monet appears above the Steinway piano that was built especially at the request of Mr. Miller to a size in scale with the living room. Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT:Myron Goldsmith (1971)

Myron Goldsmith

Myron Goldsmith (1918-1996) was born in Chicago]was an American architect and designer.[1] He was a student ofMies van der Rohe and Pier Luigi Nervi before designing 40 projects atSkidmore, Owings & Merrill from 1955 to 1983.[1] His last 16 years at the firm he was a general partner in its Chicago office. His best known project is the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope building constructed in 1962 at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona.

Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971) Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971)

Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971)

Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971) Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971) Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971) Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971) Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971) Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971) Republic Newspaper Office & Plant ARCHITECT: Myron Goldsmith (1971)