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Vice Admiral William Bligh FRS, RN Governor of New South Wales and of 'Mutiny on the Bounty Fame'

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Vice Admiral William Bligh FRS, RN Governor of New South Wales and of 'Mutiny on the Bounty Fame' Vice Admiral William Bligh FRS, RN Governor of New South Wales and of 'Mutiny on the Bounty Fame' William Bligh in the uniform of a Flag Offi cer amd wearing the Captain's Naval Gold Medal Image courtesy of National Library of Australia William Bligh was born at St Tudy near Bodmin in Cornwall In 1787 he returned to Royal Navy service being appointed in 1754 and in 1761, as a seven-year old, he was signed up Commanding Lieutenant of HM Armed Vessel Bounty on for the Royal Navy. In 1770, at the age of 16, he joined HMS 16 August 1787. It was during the voyage of the Bounty and Hunter as an able seaman because there were no vacancies the subsequent mutiny that Bligh's name has gone down as for midshipmen but early in the next year he became a one of the most famous in history. The events on the Bounty midshipman. In September of that year he was transferred have been immortalised in history books and novels and to the Crescent where he served for the next three years. glamorised and sensationalised on the movie screen, fi rstly In 1776 he was selected by Captain James Cook to be his in the 1935 classic, Mutiny on the Bounty starring Charles Sailing Master on the Resolution for Cook's Third Voyage Laughton as Bligh and Clark Gable as Christian, then in the to the Pacifi c and, as it turned out, Cook's last voyage after re-make of the same name in 1962, this time starring Trevor he was killed by natives in Hawaii in 1779. Howard as Bligh and Marlon Brando as Christian and then another version of the mutiny was made, perhaps a more During this Cook expedition, Bligh was frequently employed accurate rendition of the truth, in the 1984 movie called The constructing charts and drawing plans of bays and harbours. Bounty starring Anthony Hopkins as Captain Bligh and Mel After the death of Cook the expedition returned to England Gibson as Mr Christian. in October 1780 and Bligh was able to detail the facts surrounding Cook's death. On 4 February 1781 at Onchan Bligh's letter written from Coupang, Dutch East Indies he married Elizabeth Betham, the daughter of a Customs c1791 to his wife gives his personal account of the Mutiny. Collector stationed on the Isle of Man. On 14 February Transcribed exactly as Bligh wrote, in the style of the day, 1781 he was appointed Master of HMS Belle Poule then on it reads in part as follows, '.Know then my own Dear Betsy, 5 October 1781 he was promoted to Lieutenant serving on that I have lost the Bounty.on the 28 April at day light in HMS Berwick then HMS Princess Amelia on 1 January 1782 the morning Christian having the morning watch. He with and HMS Cambridge on 20 March 1782. During this time several others came into my Cabin while I was a Sleep, and he fought in the Battle of Dogger Bank in August 1781 and seizing me, holding naked Bayonets at my Breast, tied my he also fought with Lord Howe at Gibraltar in 1782. On 14 Hands behind my back, and threatened instant destruction January 1783 Bligh joined the Merchant Service. In 1785 he if I uttered a word. I however call'd loudly for assistance, was Commanding Lieutenant of the Merchant Vessel Lynx but the conspiracy was so well laid that the Officers and in 1786 Lieutenant on Merchant Vessel Britannia. Cabbin Doors were guarded by Centinels, so Nelson, 377 Peckover, Samuels or the Master could not come to me. I was now dragged on Deck in my Shirt & closely guarded - I demanded of Christian the case of such a violent act, & severely degraded for his Villainy but he could only answer - "not a word sir or you are Dead." I dared him to the act & endeavoured to rally some one to a sense of their duty but to no effect.The Secrisy of the Mutiny is beyond all conception so that I can not discover that any who are with me had the least knowledge of it. It is unbeknown to me why I must beguile such force. Even Mr. Tom Ellison took such a liking to Otaheite that he also turned Pirate, so that I have been run down by my own Dogs. My misfortune I trust will be properly considered by all the World-It was a circumstance I could not foresee - I had not suffi cient Offi cers & had they granted me Marines most likely the affair would never have happened - I had not a Spirited & brave fellow about me & the Mutineers treated them as such. My conduct has been A cartoon from 1808 mocking the arrest of Governor Bligh Image courtesy of National Library of Australia free of blame, & I showed everyone that, tied as I was, I defi ed every Villain to hurt me.I know how shocked you will On 26 January 1808 the New South Wales Corps, under be at this affair but I request of you My Dear Betsy to think Major George Johnston, marched on Government House nothing of it all is now past & we will again look forward in Sydney and arrested Governor Bligh. He remained in to future happyness. Nothing but true consciousness as an confi nement in Sydney for over a year. He agreed to sail Offi cer that I have done well could support me.' (Note the to England if released however, in February 1809 after he spelling Otaheite for Tahiti). was placed aboard the Porpoise, he sailed to the Derwent During the following years Bligh served as Captain on in Van Diemen's Land hoping for support of the authority several ships with distinction. He was rewarded for his there, Lt Governor David Collins. At fi rst he had the ear of service at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797 with a Naval Lt Governor Collins but soon he was interfering in local Gold Medal and then served under Admiral Nelson at the affairs and stirring up trouble so fi nally Collins ordered Battle of Copenhagen on 2 April 1801 in command of HMS local boats not to approach the Porpoise. Bligh was isolated Glatton, a 56-gun ship of the line, which was experimentally and therefore, when Lachlan Macquarie arrived in Sydney fi tted exclusively with cannonades. During the battle he to become Governor of New South Wales, Bligh returned sailed Glatton safely between the banks while three other arriving on 17 January 1810. He also became a diffi cult vessels ran aground and then when Nelson pretended not to problem for Macquarie to cope with and it was not until 12 notice Admiral Parker's signal to 'stop the battle' and kept May that he fi nally sailed for England. the signal hoisted to continue the battle, Bligh was the only Once Bligh was there, Major Johnston was put on trial and captain in the squadron who could see the two signals were after he was convicted, even though the court thought the in confl ict but chose to fl y Nelson's signal ensuring that all the governor not entirely without blame for the incident, Bligh vessels behind him kept fi ghting. After the battle, Bligh was received his routine promotion from the Admiralty. He was praised personally by Admiral Nelson for his contribution fi rstly promoted to Rear Admiral of the Blue on 31 July to the victory. 1811, backdated to 31 July 1810 when it had become due, In this same year of 1801 Bligh was made a fellow of The and then to Vice Admiral on 4 June 1814, but he was never Royal Society for services to navigation and botany. to receive another important command. He did however design the North Bull Wall at the mouth of the River Liffey Bligh continued his service on His Majesty's Ships until he in Dublin and this alteration to the fl ow of water resulted was offered the position of Governor of New South Wales, in the formation of North Bull Island. He also charted and an appointment which was ratifi ed on 14 May 1805. Bligh mapped Dublin Bay. arrived at Sydney in August 1806 and very shortly was in confl ict with several prominent and wealthy landowners, William Bligh died in Bond Street, London on 6 December businessmen and government offi cials as well as military 1817 and was buried in the family plot at St Mary's, Lambeth offi cers who were engaging in private trading ventures (now the Garden Museum). His tomb is made from Coade contrary to regulations. Throughout his time in offi ce he stone and is topped by a breadfruit in a bowl. His house, tried to improve the situation of people in the colony but he one block east of the tomb, is marked by a plaque. also made decisions that upset many people and came into Two signifi cant and historically important medals awarded confl ict with more and more people. Bligh's confrontational to William Bligh are offered for sale by the family in the style, probably to be expected from a sea captain with following two lots. The fi rst is the Naval Gold Medal absolute authority, was to be the catalyst for another historic awarded to him for his part in the Battle of Camperdown event, one that became known as the Rum Rebellion. and the second is the Gold Medal awarded by The Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, usually referred to as The Royal Society of Arts, for his involvement with the transportation of breadfruit from Tahiti to the West Indies.
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