Trend of Wide Color Gamut Liquid Crystal Display

AUOTrendTrend ofof WideWide Confidential ColorColor GamutGamut LiquidLiquid CrystalCrystal DisplayDisplay

2016 ICC Meeting on Display and 3D Printing

Cheng Hsien Liao

© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential 1 Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 YourYour HDTVHDTV probablyprobably cancan’’tt showshow offoff MessiMessi’’ss bootsboots inin brightbright blueblue gloryglory AUO Confidential

Lionel Messi laces up some bright blue boots- designed for the FIFA World Cup 2014 (image source: Adidas)

Figure from : https://dot-color.com/ Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 AUOWhatWhat isis WWConfidentialideide CColorolor GGamutamut Display?Display? WhyWhy shouldshould wewe needneed WCGWCG Display?Display?

HowHow toto approachapproach WCGWCG LCDLCD ??

Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 AUOWhatWhat isis WWConfidentialideide CColorolor GGamutamut Display?Display? WhyWhy shouldshould wewe needneed WCGWCG Display?Display?

HowHow toto approachapproach WCGWCG LCDLCD ??

1953 1996 1998 2012 AUONTSC ConfidentialsRGB Adobe RGB DCI-P3 Rec 2020

Broadcasting Planning

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Pyeongchang Tokyo Sochi winter Olympic Rio Olympic winter Olympic Olympic UHD-phase II UHD-phase III UHD-phase I 4K2K 8K4K 4K2K 120Hz 120Hz 60Hz Rec2020 Rec2020 Rec709 (sRGB) Rec2020 Rec2020 10bit & 12bit/14bit(optional) 10bit/12bit/14bit 8bit/10bit 10bit & 12bit/14bit(optional) © 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential 5 HDR HDR Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 WWideide CColorolor GGamutamut DisplayDisplay ofof CESCES AUO Confidential

 Wide Color Gamut 

Wide Color Gamut play an important role of CES show!

Wide Color Gamut (Brands Summary) AUO Confidential

Not only OLED, but also LCD shall reach the 100% NTSC

© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential 7 Figure from : 2015/2016 CES Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 AUOWhatWhat isis WWConfidentialideide CColorolor GGamutamut Display?Display? WhyWhy shouldshould wewe needneed WCGWCG Display?Display?

HowHow toto approachapproach WCGWCG LCDLCD ??

Pointer’s Color Gamut: Rec709 / sRGB AUO Confidential

Colors measured from Rec.709 - ITU-R Recommendation for HDTV reflections of real objects  sRGB covers 33% of color space for 46% of color space that can be seen by the human eye the human eye by Dr. Michael Pointer (1980)  only covers 70% of Pointer’s gamut Color Research and Application 5  1990s, HP、Microsoft...etc establish for standard spec corresponding NTSC 70%.

DCI-P3 – US-American film industry 1. 2010s, US American film industry AUO Confidentialestablished for digital movie projection  all of colors from movies are covered.

2. The DCI-P3 color space covers 41.7% % of color space for the human eye and only covers 85.5%of Pointer’s gamut

3. 2016, UHD Alliance announced UHD device need to at least 90% DCI-P3 color space for home cinema entertainment.

Apple - iPad Pro 9.7 (2016) DCI-P3 signal+

Rec.2020 - ITU-R Recommendation for UHD TV AUO Confidential Wide-gamut TV colorimetry should handle all the colors covered by existing TV systems and other related non-broadcasting systems.

 The color-coding efficiency of wide- gamut TV should be comparable to that in the currently used broadcasting systems.

 Every color used in wide-gamut content should be displayable on a reference monitor so that broadcasters can monitor and control 1. Covers 76% of color space seen the image quality. by human eye 2. Covers ~100% of Pointer’s gamut, NTSC, sRGB, Adobe RGB, and DCI-P3

AUO ConfidentialAUO ALCD TV Display

AUO ALCD TV displays adopt 3M 3M Quantum Dot Enhancement Film, achieving over NTSC100% color saturation. Figure© 2015 from AU Optronics : Corporationhttps://dot – Proprietary and- Confidentialcolor.com/ 12 Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 AUOWhatWhat isis WWConfidentialideide CColorolor GGamutamut Display?Display? WhyWhy shouldshould wewe needneed WCGWCG Display?Display?

HowHow toto approachapproach WCGWCG LCDLCD ??

Wide Color Gamut for Vivid Color AUO Confidential(high saturation)

High saturation, high contrast perception

High saturation, better color shift

New BL Solution

1.2

BG+R CT 1 G1.5 CT 0.8 G1.0 CT LED/Laser 0.6 hybrid BL 0.4 2017 0.2 2017

AUO0 Confidential 380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730 780 8K TV Narrow Green peak Narrow Red peak 2016 OLED-Like LED Diming or Sequential TV 2015 Quantum Dot TV 2014 Curved 4K TV

2013 4K TV QD Solution

Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 TFTTFT--LCDLCD PanelPanel StructureStructure Light source and color filter are two key factors which AUOaffect the color Confidential of panel most.

1.0

0.9 RCE00T130SL(T8R-J)

0.8 G6022SL05(J8G) BCE00T126SL(T5) 0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2 0.1 Polarizer 0.0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700nm Color Filter

Liquid Crystal 1.0

B156XW01 V0 CCFL 0.9 B156XW02 V0

0.8

TFT Array 0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4 Polarizer 0.3 0.2

0.1

0.0 Backlight Unit 400 450 500 550 600 650 700nm Light Guide Plate Light Source

0.9 BLU evolution Two peak  Three peak 0.8 Adobe RGB Two peak  Three peak 2017~ M27+G1.5 C6A+G1.5 FWHM: Broad  Narrow Laser TV? 0.7 HN1+G1.5 Laser

AUO0.6 Confidential 0.5 2015

0.4 Quantum

0.3 Dot TV OLED LCD 0.2

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0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 B+RG WLED

2009 LED TV KSF WLED ~2009

CCFL TV YAG WLED

AUORec. 2020 60%Confidential70% 80% 90% 100%

White OLED KSF WLED RGB Laser

Cd QD YAG WLED

B+RG WLED

Cd-free QD

Rec. 2020

DCI

sRGB Multi-peak and narrow FWHM BLU will have better color performance OLED YAG B+RGKSF RGB QD Laser LED © 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential 18 Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 MethodsMethods forfor WCGWCG WLEDWLED BLUBLU

Due to the matural technology of higher efficiency, low cost, …  B+Y, B+RG are the mainstream solution of white LED AUO Confidential

Quantum Rail Quantum Dot Enhancement Film

AUOStructure Confidential

 With zero change in thickness  With little change in overall thickness  For mobile devices  Can be scaled to any size, from tablets Pros  Little Color shift to large format TVs  Uniformity

Quantum confinement effect n2h2 En  8mL2 2( n  )1 h2 E  En1  En  8mL2

L↘  ΔE↗  λ↘

© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential 20 Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03Fiture from Sigma-Aldirch & Techbriefs CdCd oror CdCd--freefree QDQD v.s.v.s. ROHSROHS StandardStandard ROHS Six Restrain Material Restrictions on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic (products) AUOSix restrain Confidential material Pb、Cd、Cr6+、Hg、PBBs and PBDEs European Commission announce the restrain material standard including Cd, the wt% of Cd< 0.1% can be applied on 7 Mach, 2016 .

Can Cd QD be applied for LCD after 2017?  Cd-free have poor QY and broad FWHM than Cd QD

(InP)

Cd or Cd-free ?

Reference:© 2015 AU Optronicshttp://eur Corporation –- Proprietarylex.europa.eu/legal and Confidential -content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0217&from=EN21 Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 MultiMulti PrimaryPrimary ColorColor ((MPCMPC)) DisplayDisplay

y CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram 0.8 5P/Wide gamut 5P/Normal 4P/Wide gamut AUO ConfidentialsRGB Pointer's gamut 0.6

1 2 0.4 3

0.2

0 x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 2011 FineTech Sharp A. Not all of the colors perceived by the human eyes can be obtained by mixing three primary colors ( RGB ). B. A multi-primary color displays are essential if vivid color reproduction is to be achieved. C. The gamut of the MPC display covers much more yellow and cyan colors than sRGB does, which results in high coverage of real surface colors. Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 MultiMulti PrimaryPrimary ColorColor ((MPCMPC)) DisplayDisplay AUO Confidential

2011 FineTech Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 TrendTrend inin 33 PrimaryPrimary ColorColor ResistResist

Trend 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Back CCFL YAG WLED B+RG WLED KSF WLED QD WLED New-BL? Light AUOHigh Contrast Confidential Color High Brightness Trend Wide Color Gamut

Pigment Pigment New R pig. ? RED Hybrid R254/R177/Y150 R254/R177 (New R-pig/Dye) All Dye ?

Improved Pigment/Dispersant Pigment Pigment Research of Novel Colorants GREEN G36G58 Y150Y138 (New-Pig, Y-Dye, G-Dye)

Pigment Pigment Hybrid or All Dye? BLUE B15:6/V23 B15:6/V-Dye (B Pig/V-Dye/B-Dye)

AUO Proprietary & Confidential Green & Red : Key Materials for WCG

Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 HowHow toto improveimprove WCFWCF byby 33 PrimaryPrimary ColorColor ?? AUO Confidential

Color filter technology leaks The Narrow QD Spectrum allows neighboring colors from broad for saturated primaries despite source leading to poor broad color filters saturation in red and green.

PG7 performance up and new material synthesize

PB PG 7 PG 15:6 36/58

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r Cl rich Br rich

T PB15:6 G7 G36 AUO Confidential

Phthalocyanine Wavelength(λ)

Halide added Cl-/Br- ratio adjust

G7  Phthalocyanine is often used to pigment, the central metal and functional group cause different optical property.  Halide(Cl-, Br-, I-) is electron withdraw group  The color filter spectrum shift to long-wavelength  Spectrum shift caused of Cl- and Br- ratio AUO Proprietary & Confidential  Cl- rich cause hypsochromic  Br- rich cause bathochromic Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03 HowHow toto improveimprove WCFWCF byby ColorColor FilterFilter

RED Green AUO Confidential

Blue

WCG CF will cut the bandwidth  Narrow band CF is the key of wide color gamut display

135 Rec. 2020 2017~ Laser TV?

100 NTSC AUO ConfidentialDCI 90 BLU evolution 2015 Quantum Dot TV 70 sRGB

CF enhance KSF WLED YAG B+RG KSF QD Laser

WCG CF B+RG WLED High Tr. CF YAG WLED ~2009 2009 LED TV CCFL TV CF & BLU are two key factors Narrow band BLU. WCG CF.  WCG Gamut Get!

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