Patel Divyakant A et al. IRJP 2012, 3 (6)

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Research Article

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDY OF NEOLAMRCKAIA CADAMBA (ROXB.) BOSSER BARK Patel Divyakant A.1*, Patel Yogesh K.2, Dr. Shah Paresh B.3 1Ph. D Scholar, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, India 2Ph. D Scholar, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, India 3Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Amruta School of Pharmacy, Gandhinagar, India

Article Received on: 14/04/12 Revised on: 22/05/12 Approved for publication: 08/06/12

*Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The bark of (Roxb.) Bosser Family is reported to have good medicinal values in traditional system of medicines. The present study deals with pharmacognostical examination of morphological and microscopical characters of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser barks including determination of ash values and extractive values. Key words: Neolamarckia cadamba, Kadam, Microscopy, Bark

INTRODUCTION or three narrow, wavy zones of periderm which occur one The Neolamarckaia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser (Family: after the other with wide secondary phloem between the Rubiaceae) is commonly known as Kadam.1-2 The barks and sequent periderm zones. The sequent periderm consists of 3 leaves of the plant are reported to have various medicinal or 4 layers of thin wall pollen cells. uses such as astringent, anti hepatotoxic3, anti diuretic, Secondary phloem or the inner bark is a broad zone which wound healing, antiseptic4 and anthelmintic5. The can be differentiated into two zones namely broader pharmacognostical study of leaves of the plant is reported6 collapsed phloem and narrow noncollapsed phloem. and for bark is not reported. Therefore, the present Secondary phloem is characterized by several discrete, radial investigation was planned to study the pharmacognostical blocks of fibres arranged in successive cylinders the fibres aspects of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser barks. are squarish in cross sectional view with heavy secondary MATERIALS AND METHODS walls and reduced lumen. The phloem rays are narrow, 2-4 Plant Material cells wide and run parallel to each other. The ray cells are The barks of the plant Neolamarckaia cadamba (Roxb.) narrowly oblong and thin walled. Bosser were collected from Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh and Sieve elements are arranged in radial files in between the positively identified and authenticated by Prof. P.Jayraman, rays. The sieve tube members are wide and polygonal in Plant Anatomy Research Centre, Chennai. outline, they are thin walled. The companion cells are narrow Pharmacognostical Studies and occur in the corners of the sieve tube member. Morphological studies such as colour, odour, taste, shape, Axial parenchyma cells are slightly dilated and are size, external surface, internal surface, fracture of barks were intermixed with the sieve elements. Under bright field carried out. Microscopical studies were also carried out using microscope, the axial parenchyma can be identified with Nikon Labphot-2 instrument (Japan). The transverse sections brownish contents in the cells, Characters of the phloem rays, were taken with the help of rotary microtome. The average phloem parenchyma and sieve elements were studied. The thickness of section was 10-12 µm. Dewaxing of the sections morphological and microscopical diagrams of the bark were were done by customary procedure. The sections were stain shown in figure 1-4. Results of quantitative analytical with toluidine blue. Some Phytochemical reactions were also parameters were shown in table 1. The qualitative chemical carried out. It rendered pink colour to cellulose walls, blue to tests were revealed the presence of saponins, proteins, the lignified cells, dark green to suberin, violet to the terpenes, carbohydrates and alkaloids in the bark powder of mucilage, blue to the protein bodies, etc., some of the bark Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser. sections were also stain with safrenin and iodine solution for REFERENCES st the detection of starch.7-8 1. Naithani HB, Sahni KC. Forest flora of GOA. 1 ed. Dehradun: International Books Distributors; 1997. p. 318. As a part of quantitative microscopy length and width of 2. Yoganarsimhan SN. Medicinal Plant of India. TamilNadu, Volume 2. phloem fibres were determined by using powder of the bark. Bangalore: Vedmas Books (P) Ltd; 2000. p. 374. The total ash, water soluble ash, water insoluble ash, 3. Kapil A, Koul IB, Suri OP. Antihepatotoxic effects of chlorgenic acid sulphated ash, alcohol and water soluble extractive values from cadamba. Phytotherapy Research 1995; 9; 3: 189. were determined. The dried powder material of barks was 4. Anonymous: The Wealth of India: Raw Materials. Volume I, New also subjected to identification tests for the detection of Delhi: Publication and Information Directorate, CSRI; 1992. p. 305- various phytoconstituents.9 308. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 5. Gunasekhran R, Divyakant A. Anthelmintic activity of leaf alcoholic extract of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser. Indian Journal of The colour of the bark is grayish brown. Taste and order is Natural Products 2006; 22; 1: 11-13. characteristic. The bark consists of outer bark of rhytidoma 6. Divyakant Patel, Vimalkumar. Pharmacognostical studies of and inner bark of secondary phloem. The rhytidoma has two Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Leaf. International Journal of Green Pharmacy 2008; 1; 2: 26-27. Page 120 Patel Divyakant A et al. IRJP 2012, 3 (6)

7. Khandelwal KR. Practical Pharmacognosy, Techniques and Experiments. 12th ed.; Nirali prakashan; 2004; 9; p. 149. 8. Kokate CK. Practical Pharmacognosy. 4th ed; Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan; 2005; 7; 14: p. 107. 9. Anonymous, Indian Pharmacopoeia. Volume 2, New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Controller of Publication; 1996; A-47, A-53-54.

Table 1: Quantitative Analytical Parameters of the plant Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Bark Sr. No Parameters % W/W 1 Total Ash Values 8.97 2 Acid Insoluble Ash Values 1.20 3 Water Soluble Ash Values 2.62 4 Sulphated Ash Values 4.51 5 Loss on Drying 8.66 6 Water Soluble Extractive Values 3.2 7 Alcohol Soluble Extractive Values 4.0

Figure 3: Microscopical Diagram-1 of Bark of the plant Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

Figure 1: External Surface of Bark of the plant Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

Figure 2: Internal Surface of Bark of the plant Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

Figure 4: Microscopical Diagram-2 of Bark of the plant Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared

Page 121