The Musicians of Charles II Author(s): C. Edgar Thomas Source: The Musical Times, Vol. 60, No. 920 (Oct. 1, 1919), pp. 539-542 Published by: Musical Times Publications Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3701764 Accessed: 10-11-2015 04:52 UTC

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This content downloaded from 137.189.170.231 on Tue, 10 Nov 2015 04:52:05 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE MUSICAL TIMES.-OCTOBER I, 1919. 539

'Lamia' was begun two years ago, and the score THE MUSICIANS OF CHARLES II. was in over twelve months. completed something By C. EDGAR THOMAS. While the was busy on this work she foundtime to writea numberof pianoforte studies and Regarding the musical tastes of the 'Merry smallercompositions of otherkinds. Miss Howell's Monarch' thereappears to be some slightdiversity outputincludes also songs,chamber music, the first act of opinion. The generalimpression seems to be that of an Operabased on 'The Winter'sTale,' and smaller Charles did not concernhimself much with the older pieces fororchestra. She is at presentengaged on the and more solid kind of music representedby the compositionof a Ballet dealingwith the legend of the compositionsof such men as Gibbons, Byrd, and WillowPattern Plate. Arrangementsare now being Tallis, and that he was impatientof anythingbut made for the performanceof 'Lamia' in the chief the lightertypes of composition,a frameof mind for provincialmusical centres,including the composer's which his lengthyexile in France was no doubt in native city. large measure due. Be this as it may,there is no as we that the music of doubt that the King displayeda great interestin the Believing, do, music and musiciansof his and shouldbe decentralisedas faras possible,we are glad age, particularlyin to hear of theformation of the Hammersmith connectionwith the . With the idea of Sunday his in theFrench Charles Concert Society. The Society will give a series of encouraging choirboys style, concertsat the Hammer- sent one of theforemost of them-Pelham Humphrey subscription LyricTheatre, -to smith,on Sunday evenings at 8.30, beginningon study in Paris, while it was from the Chapel Royal of the Restorationthat the majorityof the best October5. The programmesare of first-ratequality, came. the followingworks being among those down for Pelham Humphrey-or Humfrey-was born in performance:John Ireland's Trio No. 2, Bantock's at one Old Ravel's Trio in A 1647,and the Restorationbecame of the first English Suite, minor,Herbert set of Childrenin the Howell's Comedy Suite for clarinetand pianoforte, Chapel Royal under 'Captain' Henry Cooke. The latter,it may here be added, Haydn's SymphonyNo. 13, Bach's C minorConcerto had seen serviceunder the standardof the ill-fated fortwo pianofortes and strings,&c., withvocal items the of interest. The include the Phil- CharlesI., havinggained a commissionin Royalist equal performers Army,from which service he was afterwardsknown as harmonicString Quartet,the Lyric Hammersmith was Miss Rhoda Miss 'Captain.' In i66o he appointed one of the StringQuartet, Backhouse, Gladys Gentlemenof the and master Moger, Messrs. John Ireland, Felix Salmond, Clive Chapel Royal of the and otherwell-known soloists. The Children,and fouryears later 'Composerof the king's Carey, enterpriseprivate music for at a of annum. is underthe direction of Mr. ArthurBliss, 21, Holland voices,' salary ?40 per He died in 1672, a last in Park, W. finding resting-place the I I. Abbey, and the old chroniclerAnthony Wood says The Chesteiian made its appearance as a musical thathis death was in great partcaused by chagrinat journalon SeptemberI5. The aims of thenewcomer finding himself surpassed in favourby Humfrey,who, are wellset forthin an editorial,entitled, 'Aut frigidusas before stated, had been his pupil. Humfrey aut calidus'-not the journal's only example of an succeeded him-he had previouslystudied in Italy unusual caption,for Mr. George Moore heads some as well as France--buthe enjoyed his preferment interestingreminiscences, 'The nineness in the onlytwo years, for in 1674,at the earlyage of twenty- oneness.' Mr. ErnestNewman contributes a London seven years, he died,and like his tutorCooke, was Letter, Mr. CyrilScott writeson Eugene Goossens, buriedin the Cloistersof WestminsterAbbey. and Mr. Granville Bantock genially blesses the Anotherdistinguished musician of the early days enterprise.The Chesterianpromises to be a lively of the Restoration,and also among the firstset of additionto themusical Press. boys in the Chapel Royal of CharlesII., was Dr. . A pupilof 'Captain' Cooke,he early evinced Mr. JosefHolbrooke's fiveconcerts announced to talentfor composition, being one ofthe three concerned take place at Marble Arch House have been in the productionof the 'Club Anthem,'written, so it cancelled, owing to the premisesbeing unavailable is reputed,to celebratea naval overthe Dutch the of the lease. Mr. victory through falling-in Holbrooke in I665. Blow afterwardsbecame the pupilof John has arrangedto give two concerts at the Portman and Dr. and Roomsinstead. We have no informationas to Hingeston ChristopherGibbons, in 1669 date.- was appointedorganist of WestminsterAbbey, a post whichhe held untili68o, whenhe generouslyresigned BRASS BAND ARRANGEMENTS OF in favourof a pupil of his, , then ELGAR'S SYMPHONIES. but a lad of twenty-two summers. After the latter's early death in I695, Blow once more At firstsight a brass band seems theleast suitable became of the continuingthere until of mediumsfor such and subtle works as organist Abbey, complex his death. The fame of Purcell has been sung so Elgar's Symphonies. and in is It is often, general too well-knownto need interestingto hear that the Black Dyke Mills anythingmore than a casual mentionin this brief Band is givingthe best of proofsto the contrary.We learnthat the season theband has paper. during past fulfilled That delightfulold gossip Pepys the Diarist has about fortyengagements, and in every instancean writtenthis under featurehas been theenthusiastic concerning John Blow, date outstanding receptionAugust 2I, 1667: of the Elgar arrangement. The superb technique of such bands as the Black has been This morningcame two of CaptainCooke's boys, Dyke long whosevoices are broke,and are recognised,and criticismhas been mainlydirected to gonefrom the Chapel, theirchoice of music. That this fineband and its but have extraordinaryskill; and theyand myboy, of withhis brokenvoice, did sing threerarts; their thousands hearers are appreciativeof such works nameswere Blaew [Blow] and Loggings;but, notwith- as Elgar's Symphoniesis the happiestof omensfor standingtheir skill, yet to hearthem sing with their thefuture of popularmusical taste. We congratulate brokenvoices, which they could not command to keep the bandmaster(Mr. A. O. Pearce), his players,and, in time,would make a manmad--so bad it was. not least, his audiences, and cannot refrainfrom Some doubt exists,however, if Blow was actually expressingsome envy. We in Londonget all too few the boy referredto, especially when it is considered chancesof hearing the worksin theiroriginal form. thathe wouldthen have been nineteenyears of age.

This content downloaded from 137.189.170.231 on Tue, 10 Nov 2015 04:52:05 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 540 THE MUSICAL TIMES.-OCTOBER I, I919.

Among the pupils of Dr. Blow may be mentioned detail. Nominally for the year ending at Christmas, Jeremiah Clark, who eventually became organist of 1663, it yet includes payment for arrears-here and Winchester College in 1685 or thereabouts. Eight there covering the two preceding years-a fact that years later he became almoner and master of the brought the total to ,?2,880 8s. 6d. It says much for a children at St. Paul's Cathedral, in succession to his man like King Charles that he paid these arrears, and former master, Blow. Another famous pupil of would seem to suggest that the King cherished a real Dr. Blow's was William Croft(1677-1727), who after regard for music. It should be noted that of the total leaving the Chapel Royal-he had lost his treble sum just given, ?668 13s. 8jd. was paid in settlement voice-was appointed the firstorganist of St. Anne's, of the violinists; ? 162 17S. I Id. for the wind instru- Soho. In 17oo he and Jeremiah Clark became ments ; 4358 13s. iold. for the ; ?43 for the Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal, and joint organists virginals; and ?30 for the tuner. The trumpeters, there some four years later. however,were the heaviest item,amounting to ?1,590. The music for the Coronation of Charles 11. was Irrespective of these items, certain members of the composed by Henry Lawes, who had survived the royal band obtained varying sums fromtime to time, Interregnum,and died two years afterthe Restoration. for the purchase of new instruments,the repair of old Milton and Waller were ever fond of lauding the ones, travelling expenses, &c. Finally, not the least merits of this composer's works, and he would appear interesting portions of these old transcripts are the to have enjoyed great popularity during his day; prices that musical instrumentsthen obtained. but in the opinion of later critics quite unworthily. Dr. with declares his The King's Band. Burney, engaging frankness, Prizvate work to have been 'languid and insipid, and equally The : devoid of learning and genius'; while Hawkins remarks that his music was 'deficient in melody, Alsoe allowed for mony paid to viiij of his Mats Music'ons for the and neither nor air, but in so precise a Violins, viz., Arqbrose Beeland, medium between both that a name is wanting for it.' John Singleton, Wm Young, Henry Brockwell, John Atkinson,Symon Hopper, John Huggins, and William Child, a pupil of Bevan, in I66o became one of the and Chanter of WilliamClaxton, to everyof them at xxd p' diem for King's private musicians, his and annumfor his all the A Child wages xvjliij" vjd p' Livery, Chapel Royal. thorough Royalist, during payable quarterlyand due to them for halfe a yeare the Commonwealth retiredto a small farm and devoted ended at our Lady Day 1662, Ciiijx'xvjtiijs iiijd. himself to composition, declaring his feelings in the To RichardDorney and TheophilusFitz, two other anthem 'O, Lord, grant the King a long life.' He of the said Musiconr, at the like wages and Livery died at Windsor in 1697 at the ripe old age of ninety p'ann., payableas beforeand due to them forhalfe a years. yeareended at Midsumr1662, xlvjlix xd. The followinglist is Charles II.'s Chapel establish- To WalterYonckney, one otherof the said Music'ons ment as recorded in a document entitled 'The Old at his like wagesand Livery,payable as beforeand due to himfor One and a halfeended at our Cheque-book of the Chapel Royal,' and which was yeare Lady Day edited for the firsttime by the late Dr. Rimbault, and 1663, lxix" xvjs iij". To John anotherof the said Music'ons, by the Camden 1872 : Yonckney, published Society, at the like wages and Livery,payable quarterly and due The namesof the Subdeane, Gentlemen,and othersof to himfor half a yeare ended at our Lady Day 1662, his MajestiesChappell Royale, at the timeof the xxiij1ivs vd. And to HenrySmith succeeding him in the coronationof King Charlesthe Second, Aprill 23, said roome and place at the like wages and Livery beingSt. George'sDay, 1661. p' ann., payablequarterly by virtueof his Mat- warr Doctor WalterJones, Subdeane. vnder the signet dated the Fifth day of October RogerNightingale. JohnSayer A0 RRs Carol' S'cdi xiiijtoand due to him forhalfe a HenrySmith. Ralphe Amner yeare ended at Mich'as 1662, xxiiji v, vd. In all Durant Hunt. WilliamTinker -Alinisters. xlvji xS xd. PhillipTinker. GeorgeLow To Davis Mell, one otherof the said Music'ons,at the like and as beforeand due to HenryCooke, Masterof the Children. wages Livery,payable him for threequarters of a yeare ended at Midsum'er Lawes, Clarke the Checke. Henry of 1662, xxxiiijlixviij, jd ob. And to Wm. Vonckney, Thomas Peers, Thomas Hazzird, succeedingin the roomeand place ofthe said Davis Mell JohnHarding, Gentlemen. at the like wages and Livery,payable qarterly by vertue Edward Low, WilliamChylde, ChristopherGibbons, of his Majesties War t vnder the Signet dated the Organists. xxvjthof September: RRs Car' S'cdi, xiiijtoand due to himfor one A" of a ended at Mich'as William Howes, James Cob, Edward Coleman, quarter yeare Thomas Nathaniell Watkins, Thomas 1662, xjli xij' viijd ob. In all xlvj" x xd. Blagrave, To anotherof the said at Purcill, GregoryThorndell, John Cave, Henry Frost, JohnBannister, Music'ons, Edward Bradock, Marsh, the like wages and Livery,payable as beforeand due Alphonso John Goodgroome, to himfor one Yeare endedat Mich'as HenryPurcill, Raphaell Courteville, George Betenham, 1662,xlvj" x x". MatthewPennell. To MatthewLock, Composerof the said Violins, at and and Thomas the the like wages Livery,payable q"rterly due to IHaynes,Sergeant of Vestry. him for halfe a yeare ended at Christmas 1662, William Yeoman. Yeoman. Williams, Georg.Whitcher, xxiijliV d. AugustineCleveland, Groome. To George Hudson, anotherComposer of the said At which time everyGentleman of the Chapell (in Violins.at xlij" xv' xd p' annu', payable as beforeand orders)had allowed to him for a gowne, five yards due to him for one quarterof a yeare ended at our of finescarlet, and the rest of the Gentlemen,being Lady Day 1662, x" xiij' xjd ob. laymen,had allowed unto each of themfour yards of To Wm. Saunders,another of the said Music'ons,at the like scarlet. iij' p'diemfor his wagesand xvj"ij) vj p' ann. forhis ij'Livery, payable as beforeand due to him for halfe a Much additional matter of interest concerning yeareended at our Lady Day d662,xxixi ji. Charles II. and his musicians constituting the State And to WilliamHowes, JohnStrong, Edward vijg Strong, Band may be gleaned fromthe followingextracts from Richard Hudson, Philipp Bockettand Henry Comer, the House Accounts now preserved in the State Paper vijenother of the said Music'ons,to everyone of them Office. The quotations are valuable inasmuch as not at xlvj" xij viij"p' ann., payable as beforeand due to only are the names of the various instrumentalistsset them for halfe a yeare ended at the same time, forth, but the amounts of their salaries are given in Clxiij iiij iiijd. TOtal,VjCIlxviijli xiij viijd ob.

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Ofthe foregoing names two are deservingof moretogether with arrears, were JohnSingleton, Nicholas detailednotice-Davis Mell and JohnBanister or Laniere,Dr. JohnWilson, D. Stooskin,Lewis Evans, Bannister.The formerwas not only a cleverviolinist, John Hingeston, Thomas Baltzar, Henry Lawes, but a clockmakeras well; he was bornnear Salisbury Paul Bridges, and Richard Hudson. Among these in 16o4. AnthonyWood, the antiquary,mentions names, those of Baltzarand Lawes are theoutstanding him in his 'Diary,' remarkingof his visitto ones. Baltzarwas to receive in 1657 : Cx" p' ann., payableas beforeand due to him forone whole PeterPett, Will. Bull, Ken. Digby,and othersof yeareended at Mich'as1663, Cx'i; Allsoules,as alsoA. W. didgive him a veryhandsome and Lawes, who has alreadybeen noticed: entertainmentin the Taverne cal'd 'The Salutation'in At xx1ip' ann' forhis wagesand xvj'u ijs vjd p' ann. S. Marie's Parish. . . . The Company did look forhis and due to him for Mr.Mell to havea handon the Liverypayable quarterly upon prodigious , halfa yeareended at ourLady Day 1662, xviij'i xvd. & theythought that no person,as all in Londondid, couldgoe beyondhim. But,when Tho. Baltzar,an A briefnote on Baltzarmay conveniently be inserted Outlander,came to Oxford.in the next yeare, they had here. Undoubtedlyhe was the greatestviolinist ot otherthoughts of Mr. Mell, who,tho he play'dfar his time, and in I66I was appointedleader of the sweeterthan Baltzar,yet Baltzar'shand was more King's famousband of twenty-fourviolins. He must quick,& couldrun it insensiblytothe end of thefinger- have occupiedpreviously a positionof private violinist board. to Charles II., forhis name does not appear underthe extract to the Mell succeededLaniere as the Masterof the King's relating theviolinistS of royalband, but Bandat theRestoration. underthat headed 'Lutes and other Private Musick.' Banisterwas born in and inlife Unfortunatelyhe did not long enjoyhis appointment, I630, early displayedfor two later founda last in the a markedpropensity for the violin. Gainingthe years he resting-place noticeof Charles he was sentto France to Cloistersof the Abbey. In passing, it is curious to II., furthernote how of the Restorationmusicians were his musicalstudies, and in 1662 was appointedleader many of the buriedin the precinctsof WestminsterAbbey. 'Merry Monarch's' band, the notice in the is State 'Mr. Banister to be Regardingthe 'Virginalls' onlyone name given, Papers running: appointed and thatof the famous Gibbons: chief of his Majesty's violins.' Pepys has written Christopher of himthus : Alsoeallowed for money paid to ChristopherGibbons talkhow the is mad his Mats Mnsic'onfor the Virginalls,at iiijx vj"l p' ann They King'sviolin, Banister, for anddue to himfor half thata Frenchmanis cometo be chiefof some part of hiswages payable quarterly theKing's musique. a yeareended at Mich'as1663, xliij"i. Traditionhas it that Banisterwas ChristopherGibbons occupies an importantposition eventuallyin the of Caroline music. as a dismissedthe King's service for tactlessly remarking history Starting in the thatthe on choristerin the Chapel Royal,he afterwardsobtained royalpresence Englishperformers the appointmentof organistat WinchesterCathedral, the violinwere greatly superior to thoseof France.a the He is ofnotice as beenthe post he vacated on becoming a memberof speciallydeserving having Royalist Army during the Civil War. At the firstto organizelucrative London concerts. Suitably Restoration the advertisedin thenews-sheets ofthe day, they achieved he became organistof Chapel in a remarkablesuccess. Oneadvertisement-from which he had commenced as a chorister, and quite afterwardsprivate organist to Charlesand organistat the LondonGazette of 1672-may perhapsbe allowed 'Westminster a no meanssmall record. a place here: Abbey, by The tunerand keeper of the 'Wind Instruments' Theseare to give notice that at Mr. JohnBanister's was who receivedfor his /6o now 'John Hingeston,' pains house, calledthe Musick-school,over against the per annum,besides g30 forhalf a year'sarrears owing GeorgeTavern in WhiteFriars, this present Monday, will be musickperformed by excellentmasters, at Lady Day, 1662. This worthywas probably-but seginningprecisely at fourof the clock in theafternoon, hardly any doubt exists--the John Hingston who andevery afternoon for the future, precisely at thesame managed successfullyto follow his calling through the hour. troublousdays of the Civil War, Commonwealth,and Restorationalike. Originally in the service of Banisterdied in 1679,and was buried in the Cloisters Charles I., as one of that monarch's musicians,he of WestminsterAbbey. afterwardsduring the Commonwealthentered that of The item concerningthe wind instrumentsreads the Protector Cromwell, instructingthe latter's as follows: daughters. Indeed he would appear to have become Alsoeallowed for money paid to WilliamGregory, a greatfavourite with Cromwell, for he was appointed senr,John Strong, and Thomas Blagrave,iijee of his the Protector'sorganist at a salary of 19ioo a year, Mats Music'ons for the Wind Instruments,to each of and frequentlyentertained his master at musical them at xxd p' diem for his wages and xvj ijs vjd assembliesheld at his residence. p' ann. for his Livery, all payable qarterlyand due A sum of was paid for one 'sergeant to themfor half a ended at our 1662. f1,59o yeare Lady Day Trumpeter,'who was allowed f ioo a year, and lxixlixvjs iijd. fifteen ordinary trumpeters and one kettle-drummer Andto Thomas Lanier, another of the said Music'ons, a forhis like wagesand Livery,due to himfor Two each ?6o, this representing one and quarter years' yearesended at Christmas1663, iiijax xiij"ixxd. Total salaries at Michaelmas, I663. Clxij" xvijs Among the incidental expenses in connection with xjd. the musiciansof Charles II. are several littleitems of Laniere-the name has been variously spelt-was more than ordinaryinterest. Henry Cooke, Master the name of a family of 17th century musicians, of of the Childrynof His Majesty's Chapel, received whom Nicholas Laniere was the most famous. He ?23 17s. in 1661 for 'fetchingffive boyes from appears in the extract concerning the lutes, which Newarke 9d.,and Lincolne' forthe King's service;'for follows. Others of the family filled positions of his owne attendancewith the Twelue Childrenof his importance as Court musicians. Mats Chappell at St. George's ffeastat Windsor by the As before-mentioned, the account for the lutes space of vijendayes at v p diem to eache and Torches comprised a sum of ?385 13s. Ioid., and among those and Lights for practiceing Musicke against his Mats to whom money for 'wages and Livery' was due, Coronac'n,'a sum of 19226s.; and again 'for money

This content downloaded from 137.189.170.231 on Tue, 10 Nov 2015 04:52:05 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 542 THE MUSICAL TIMES.-OcToBER I, 1919. by him expendedto Masters for teachingthe said Childrento writeand Learne and speake Latin from Cbe flueician's Voohobelft Mich'as 166o to the Lady Day following,and for a BY ' FESTE.' booke of the services and Anthemesfor his Mats 16s. In the service,' ?50 followingyear Cooke If some such little volume as Percy Scholes's received'for the Childrenof the Chappel Learning 'Introductionto British Music' Palmer and 'for their the (Cecil & ye Violin,'?30, Learning Organ,' Hayward) had appeared twenty-fiveyears ago, we another?3o. Two violins cost ?io, and a similar Englishof would have a betterconceit of sum was for a In the same to-day our- paid 'Harpiscall.' year selves in regardto music. Our musical historyis a Cooke was also paid 'for himselfeand xiijenboyes switchback of his oftwo rises and one longdepression. We (Children MaitiesChappell) fortheir attendance are now well up on the second and at Windsorat St. whichcontinued rise, any future George'sffeast 1663, declineis unlikelyto be so long and profoundas that six dayes at vs apiece p' diem,' ?22I; and 'for the we sufferedbetween Purcell and Bennett. Mr. Scholes attendanceof Mr. Bates and Mr. Gregory,two other gives a very clear sketch of our Music'ons forthe same same chequered career, there, timeat the rate,' writingin the freeand chattystyle which makes his ?3; 'for carryingthe Instrumentsthat were for books so easy and pleasant to read. Perhaps he is performanceof the Musicke there,'30s.; and 'for sometimesinclined the of their to see thingsin too rosya light, charges Lodgingthere,' 40s. but we have sufferedso much fromjaundiced critics In 1661 ThonmasBaltzer was paid 'for two Vyolins eager to proveall our swans to be geese, thatwe can and other things bought for his Mats service,' do withan occasionalhint at theother extreme. ?634 3s. 4d.; and Philip Beckett, 'one of his Mats I am glad to see Mr. Scholes's convincingdefence Musitians for ye Vyolins in ordinary,for a vyolin of the Puritans against the charge of loathingand to be used in the Chamber of Vyolins,and for a abolishing music. As he says,the fact that during Cornettto bee vsed in his Mats Chappell Royall,' the CommonwealthPlayford was able to publish ?8. The cost of conveyingfifteen violinists to three editions of 'The English Dancing Master,' Windsor in April, 1661, was ;?22 lOS., and two of 'Music and Mirth'(a collectionof rounds and catches), them, Thomas Blagrave and William Hawes, for Madrigalsby Gibbons and Wilbye,Ayres by Campion, some reason not stated, received ?3. On this Gibbons's'String Fantazias,'and manyother books of occasion the transportof the wind instrumentsand lessons,dances, and theory,proves the period to have theirplayers resulted in a paymentof ?18. been farfrom dead musically. The chapteron 'The On March 6, 1661, Henry Comer was paid ?0io Victorians'makes it clear that this era also was not fora 'Treble Vyolin' which he had boughtfor the so black as it is sometimespainted. King's service, and in the same month Richard Of course,Mr. Scholes's book is primarilyintended Darney received?7 for the purchaseof a 'Tenor forthe generalpublic, but musicianswho know all the Vyolin.' factswill benefit by reading it,because theywill find their warrant dated December knowledgeproperly laid out. As a matterof By 20, I66o, John factthough, the averagetrained musician is almostas Hingston, 'maker, tuner,and repairerof his Mats as the wind receiveda sum of ignorant amateur on this subject, chiefly instruments,' ?II6 17s. 'for because until recentlythe informationhad to be severalwind Instruments by him bought and provided,' collectedfrom various but a detailed list of with the moreor less heavytext-books. unfortunately these, Here we have it broughtto our so to individualprices, is not given. The value of such a door, speak,and listneed not be elaborated. servedup witha dashof enthusiasm and optimismthat will do us almost as much good as the facts Among other entries relatingto the purchase o themselves. instrumentsis one recordingthe paymentof ?40 to Not theleast remarkableof modern developments in Davis Mill 'for musickebookes forhis Mats Vyolins Churchmusic is therevival of interest in plainsong,and and a CremonaVyolin,' and anotherwhich gives the a steadilyincreasing use of it. In this development priceof 'two double Sagbuttes'as ?30. Mr. Francis Burgess has played an importantpart, At thisperiod--I66o-63--a 'Base Vyoll' cost [io especiallyas a writerof text-books. He has just six kettledrums'and for mending the old ones, writtenanother-' The Rudimentsof Plain-chant,'the 7s.; and two Cremona violins,'and stringsfor firstof a series of ' Handbooks of Church Music' Two?33 the wholeyeares,' ?5o. publishedby Proprietorsof Musical Ominion. He deals with the subject under four Another item of ?121 13S. 6d. was for the purchase heads-History, of 'a new Cabinet and severall Notation,Rhythm, and Tonality. Those of us who Organ, iijerViolins, have other Instruments,and for stringingand repairing heardhow wonderfullyeffective this old musicis other Instruments' while the cost of when sung unaccompanied will agree with Mr. sundry ; he 'Organs and a Harpiscordfor the Kings Chappell Burgesswhen says : at Hampton Court, and alsoe for the Queenes Viewed as a departmentot musicalhistory, the study Private Chappell,'was 'I55 15s. of plain-chantwill open up a greatvista of possibilities William Gregory,on March 26, 1662, received [17 in the directionof pure one-dimensionalmelody, un- for a and Strings,'and John Singleton and trammelledby considerationsof added parts or of twelve all for instrumentalaccompaniment. It is an extraordinary colleagues, violinists,?305 fitting commentupon our present-daymusical narrowness out and accompanyingthe King to Portsmouthoos. for that the thereshould be sofew persons in this countrywho can receptionof the Queen in 1662. toleratemelody unadorned. The loveliestfolk-tunes The followingyear seven violinistswere each paid have to be publishedwith pianoforte accompaniments a sum of ?20 to enable them to attendthe Queen at which,however skilfully designed, cannot fail to be a Tunbridge. grievous anachronism. Even plain-chant itself is it is to learnthat the cost of the supposedto dependfor its effectupon a tastefuland Finally, interesting suitable musicto entertainCharles II. during'his Journeysin accompaniment. the Sum'er,1665,' was ?4oo, whichsum was paid as I believe that plain-songists will grow out of thiserror, 'the extraordinarycharges' of seven violinists-Johnjust as they grew out of the even more serious Banisterand six others. one of Unfortunatelywe are leftin believing that plain-song was effectiveonly when sung doubtas to the extentof the royal'journeys.' loudly and rigidly by a huge body of men. Some

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