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Mediterranean Marine Science

Vol. 11, 2010

Gonioinfradens paucidentatus (A. Milne Edwards, 1861) (Crustacea, , Portunidae): a new alien in the Mediterranean Sea

CORSINI-FOKA M. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Hydrobiological Station of Rhodes, Cos Street, 85100 Rhodes PANCUCCI- Hellenic Centre for Marine PAPADOPOULOU M.A. Research, Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 712, P.C. 19013, Anavyssos, Attiki KONDILATOS G. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Hydrobiological Station of Rhodes, Cos Street, 85100 Rhodes KALOGIROU S. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Hydrobiological Station of Rhodes, Cos Street, 85100 Rhodes https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.80

Copyright © 2010

To cite this article:

CORSINI-FOKA, M., PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU, M., KONDILATOS, G., & KALOGIROU, S. (2010). Gonioinfradens paucidentatus (A. Milne Edwards, 1861) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae): a new alien crab in the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 11(2), 331-340. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.80

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 07/06/2020 15:41:01 | Mediterranean Marine Science Research Article Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net

Gonioinfradens paucidentatus (A. Milne Edwards, 1861) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae): a new alien crab in the Mediterranean Sea

M. CORSINI-FOKA1, M.-A. PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU2, G. KONDILATOS1 and S. KALOGIROU1

1 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Hydrobiological Station of Rodos, Cos Street, 85100 Rodos, Hellas 2 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavissos, Hellas

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Received: 8 July 2010; Accepted: 18 October 2010; Published on line: 11 November 2010

Abstract

The first record for the Mediterranean Sea of the Red Sea/Indo-Pacific portunid Gonioinfradens paucidentatus (red swimming crab) is documented. A detailed description of the specimens collect- ed at Rodos Island (southeastern Aegean Sea) is given, while possible introduction vectors of the in the area are discussed

Keywords: Mediterranean Sea; SE Aegean Sea; Brachyura; Portunidae; Introduction; Alien.

Introduction during the last three decades. The lower- ing of the salinity in the Suez Canal seems Southeastern Aegean coasts are con- to play an important role in this ongoing sidered a crucial region for the arrival, process in the whole Eastern Mediter- establishment and spread of alien species, ranean area (POR, 2010). Moreover, the in particular warm-water species of Indo- remarkable increase in alien species in the Pacific origin (CORSINI-FOKA, 2010; cfr Southeastern Aegean Sea has also paral- ELNAIS 2010). The Dodecanese Islands leled the observed warming of the area, belong to the biogeographic region of the which is creating more favourable condi- Mediterranean named by POR (1990) the tions for the establishment of exotic species ‘Lessepsian Province’ and they are consid- (PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU et al., ered to be a hot-spot area for the spread of 2009; PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU alien species to the European Mediter- & CORSINI-FOKA, 2010). ranean coasts. A huge increase in alien Gonioinfradens paucidentatus (A. species’ introductions has been observed Milne Edwards, 1861) is a portunid crab

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 07/06/2020 15:41:01 | with a wide Indo-Pacific distribution: the The aim of the present work is to Red Sea (SPIRIDONOV & NEUMANN, report the presence of Gonioinfradens pau- 2008), the Persian Gulf (Arabian and Iran- cidentatus from Rodos Island (Dodeca- ian coasts, Gulf of Oman), the East nese, Southeastern Aegean Sea) as the African coast, Madagascar, Western Indi- first record of the species for the whole an Ocean islands, Australia, New Caledo- Mediterranean Sea and to discuss its pos- nia, French Polynesia, Japan, Hawaii sible introduction vectors in the study area. (POUPIN, 1994, 2007, 2008; APEL & SPIRIDONOV, 1998; DAVIE, 1998; Material examined APEL, 2001; NADERLOO & SARI, 2007). It occurs mainly on hard substrate Three males of Gonioinfradens pauci- from shallow subdital waters to 100 m of dentatus were caught along the eastern depth and reaches a carapace length of coasts of Rodos Island (Fig. 1); the first two 52.5 mm (POUPIN, 1994). specimens were observed during snorkel-

Fig. 1: Sampling locations of Gonioinfradens paucidentatus at Rodos Island, Southeastern Aegean Sea (G: Kolimbia; I Agathi; L Haraki).

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 07/06/2020 15:41:01 | ing and collected by hand, while the third Identification of specimens was per- was captured in fishing pot. The first sam- formed following APEL & SPIRIDO- ple (specimen 1) was found on 1 May 2010 NOV (1998). LEENE (1938), CROSNIER in a crevice between sand and rock at 15 m (1962), POUPIN (1994, 1996, 2007) and of depth (seawater temperature 19Æ C), SAKAI (2004) were also consulted. at Kolimbia; the second (specimen 2) was collected on 28 May 2010 from sandy-rocky Description bottom at 15 m of depth (seawater temper- ature 20Æ C), at Agathi; the third (speci- Carapace hexagonal, length 1.27-1.37 men 3) was caught on 27 June 2010 on bio- times in carapace width, front 2.68-2.75 in genic detritus at 200 m of depth, off Hara- carapace width and 2.01-2.12 in carapace ki (Fig. 1). Specimen 1 was damaged (it length (Table 1). Front with six teeth, the lacked the right cheliped, the first and sec- median and submedian ones truncate, the ond right walking legs and the left swim- lateral ones triangular with rounded tips ming leg) and it is now preserved in alcohol and separated from the previous by a (Catalogue number HSR53). Specimens 2 deeper groove. Four large acute antero- and 3 were delivered alive (specimen 2 lateral teeth, the first more rounded, the lacked the first left walking leg) and they last spiniform; there are also two accesso- are now deep-frozen at -22Æ C (respective ry denticles, positioned respectively at the Catalogue numbers HSR54 and HSR58). base of the external border of the first and

Table 1 Measurements (mm) of Gonioinfradens paucidentatus male specimens caught at Rodos Island in May and June 2010.

Measurements Specimen Specimen Specimen 12 3 Carapace length 29.2 30.1 31.9 Carapace width 37.0 39.2 43.8 Frontal margin (=Front) 13.8 14.4 15.9 Fronto-orbital width* 28.5 30.0 31.5 Orbital cavity diameter 5.9 6.2 6.8 Posterior margin of carapace 12.2 12.5 13.2 Left chela length 26.9 28.1 30.0 Left chela height 10.7 11.5 11.8 Right chela length - 27.1 31.0 Right chela height - 10.0 14.4 Left cheliped length** 53.8 54.4 60.3 Right cheliped length** - 52.8 60.2

* distance between external orbital angles ** maximum opening

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 07/06/2020 15:41:01 | second teeth, the second denticle very smaller spines on the outer face; chela bear- small, better distinguishable in specimens 3, ing two large spines on the superior surface more reduced in specimens 1 and 2 (Fig. and two other marginal and smooth spines 2A); furthermore, an inconspicuous tuber- near the movable finger (Fig. 2A), a single cule between the third and fourth antero- spine at carpus articulation, lower surface lateral teeth in specimen 3. Carapace smooth. Swimming leg: merus with a sub- smooth, granular lines on frontal, protogas- distal posterior spine, propodus with a row tric and mesogastric regions, epibranchial of 7 spinules on posterior border followed line interrupted at the cervical groove and by 1-2 small tubercule-like protuberances in across midline. Postero-lateral junctions specimens 1 and 2, a single row of 8 spinules rounded. Antennal flagellum excluded in specimen 3. Distal part of first male pleo- from orbit. Basal antennal article with a pod tubular, with short bristles proximally, strong spine. Chelipeds: merus with 3 on the lateral external surface. strong spines on the anterior border, car- Colour in life (specimen 2): Carapace pus with a strong interior spine and three reddish-brown dorsally with sparse darker

Fig. 2: Gonioinfradens paucidentatus (specimen 2, male, color in life, carapace length 30.1 mm) col- lected at Haraki, Rodos (A: dorsal view, B: ventral view).

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 07/06/2020 15:41:01 | shades, apart from a longitudinal whitish from different areas of the native range of shade from the front to the mesogastric the species, including genetic analyses. region, yellow-orange ventrally (Fig. 2A, The second point to be mentioned is B); chelipeds reddish externally, yellow- its depth distribution. Erythrean alien orange internally, fingers dark brown; invertebrates establish successfully in the walking legs reddish with yellow bands. littoral and infralittoral zones of the east- Tips of anterolateral teeth, spines of che- ern Mediterranean to a depth of approxi- lipeds and merus of 5th pereiopod dark mately 50 m, and are hardly ever found in brown, preceded by a whitish band. deeper waters, according to GALIL & ZENETOS (2002); to date, this was true Discussion also for the majority of the brachyurans of Indo-Pacific origin recorded in the marine APEL & SPIRIDONOV (1998) rec- region of Rodos, although a few species, ognized full generic status in Gonioin- like Charybdis (Goniohellenus) longicollis fradens Leene, 1938, and separated it from Leene, 1938, could occur in deeper waters Charybdis De Haan, 1833, followed in this up to 80 m (KEVREKIDIS & GALIL, by all subsequent authors (NG et al., 2008). 2003; ELNAIS 2010). In our case, the Gonioinfradens includes only one species, third specimen of G. paucidentatus was G. paucidentatus. The presence of only found at 200 m. The species is considered four large anterolateral teeth allows to inhabit coastal waters, even though it Gonioinfradens to be easily distinguished has been reported from Polynesia at up to from all the other subgenera retained in 100 m (POUPIN, 1994). Its being found at Charybdis (CROSNIER, 1962; APEL & a depth even higher than that known in its SPIRIDONOV, 1998), namely Charybdis, native range (100 m), could open new hori- Goniohellenus, Gonioneptunus and Gonio- zons concerning our knowledge about the supradens. ability of certain alien species to colonize The present first report of the species the Mediterranean coasts, also widening in the Mediterranean comes with a series their possible distribution range to deep of question marks. The origin of the waters. Rodos specimens has to be clarified. Considering the present record, alien Indeed, POUPIN (1994) asserts: «Les brachyurans in the Mediterranean today spécimens polynésiens se distinguent du account for 46 species, as at least three matériel de la côte d'Arabie par la quasi dis- more species must be added to the CIESM parition de la troisième plus petite épine Atlas list (GALIL et al., 2002 updated on antérolatérale, qui n'est repérable, dans le 2008), namely Sirpus monodi Gordon, 1953 meilleur des cas, que par un tubercule, et par (PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU & NA- la hauteur plus faible de la paume». In the LETAKI, 2007), Charybdis lucifera (Fabri- specimens from Rodos, the third small cius, 1798) (MIZZAN & VIANELLO, (2008) denticle between third and fourth antero- 2009) and Eurycarcinus integrifrons lateral teeth is absent or reduced to a (ÖZCAN et al., 2010). tubercule. Consequently, the origin of the Among the alien brachyurans, repre- Rodos specimens (Red Sea and/or Indo- sented in the Mediterranean Sea by 21 Pacific area) should be ascertained families, 11 are of Atlantic origin (24%) through further comparisons with samples and 35 of Indo-Pacific origin (76%). The

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 07/06/2020 15:41:01 | most successful families in colonization of Island) from the Suez Canal, it is hard to the Mediterranean coasts are Portunidae hypothesize that the introduction into the (12 species), Pilumnidae and Epialtidae (5 Mediterranean of this new alien is the and 4 species respectively), Leucosiidae result of Lessepsian migration. Moreover, and Calappidae (3 species each one), in although it is a widespread species in its agreement with BROCKERHOFF & native range, no bibliographic reference MCLAY (2008). could be found for its occurrence in the Concerning Hellenic waters and Suez Canal. Nevertheless, even though not including the present record, exotic yet detected in other sites, the counter- brachyurans account today for 15 species: clockwise circulation in the Levantine 11 of Indo-Pacific origin and 4 of Atlantic basin could have favoured the propagation origin (ZENETOS et al., 2009; of the planktonic stages of the species PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU et al., (BEN RAIS LASRAM et al., 2008) up to 2010; CORSINI-FOKA & PANCUCCI- Rodos, as already discussed for Tylerius PAPADOPOULOU, 2010). Most of them spinosissimus (Regan, 1908), an Indo- occur off Rodos (two of Atlantic origin Pacific tetraodontid, unknown in the Red and all the 11 species of Indo-Pacific ori- Sea, which to date occurs only in the spe- gin) where 77% of them were first record- cific study area (GOLANI et al., 2006 on- ed, mainly during the last decade. Portu- line; CORSINI-FOKA et al., 2010). nids predominate with 7 species (6 Indo- Shipping is considered to be one of the Pacific, 1 Atlantic), followed by leucosiids most important introduction vectors of (3 species), and finally by plagusiids, xan- exotic species in the Mediterranean, and thids and macrophthalmids, each with one the second most important in Greek species. All these alien are actually waters (ZENETOS et al., 2009; established along the coast of the island, PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU & including the latest one recorded, CORSINI-FOKA, 2010). According to roseus (Rüppell, 1830) (CORSINI-FOKA ABELL & HISPANO (2006) the most & PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU, 2010), probable vector of the introduction into as two more adult males (carapace length the Western Mediterranean of another 58-61 mm) were caught in May 2010 Indo-Pacific portunid, Charybdis feriata (Authors pers. comm.). (Linnaeus, 1758), is shipping, probably due The 10 crab species of Indo-Pacific to ‘an accidental escape from holding origin previously recorded from Rodos tanks of live specimens’. It has however to were introduced via the Suez Canal, be noted that Charybdis feriata is a species according to GALIL et al. (2002 updated of high commercial value and the unique on 2008) and ZENETOS et al. (2009), specimen observed in the wild was found while the vector of introduction of G. pau- in the vicinity of Barcelona, one of the cidentatus is an unclear point. most important international ports in the For the time being, we do not know if Mediterranean. Transport in ballast is sup- collected specimens represent only a local posed the most likely vector of introduc- population or if the species is present tion into the eastern Mediterranean of the along other coasts of the Levantine basin, alien Eurycarcinus integrifrons De Man, but not yet detected. Due to the significant 1879, a pilumnid native to the Red Sea- distance of the sampling location (Rodos Indian Ocean and recently first recorded

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 07/06/2020 15:41:01 | in an area subjected to intense industrial ming crab is not listed among the species shipping traffic, Iskenderun Bay, Turkey traded for tropical aquaria purposes. (ÖZCAN et al., 2010). Rodos, on the other Even if all the above vectors appear hand, is a tourist area, and international somewhat biased to explain the first occur- maritime traffic in its relatively small har- rence of G. paucidentatus in Rodos, the bour is mainly represented by cruise ships. collecting of three adult specimens in a However, large commercial ships (tankers very short time and from different sites and cargos) travel along trade routes in the and depths suggests the already establish- open sea, offshore of the island. Ballast ment of this new alien crab. Its presence in waters could offer suitable conditions for the area could have been overlooked, both the survival of the eggs and/or larvae of the because underwater identification at 15 m red swimming crab, while young individu- depth on hard substrate is difficult and als could survive in ballast sediments. This also because, being not commercially has been ascertained for other aliens, exploited, it is probably discarded in fish- including some crabs, introduced into var- ery. Consequently, it is difficult to evaluate ious marine ecosystems all over the world the exact time of its introduction into the (GALIL et al., 2008; MINCHIN et al., water off Rodos and the Mediterranean as 2009), as it has been assumed for the a whole. above-mentioned recent introduction of E. integrifrons into the Eastern Mediter- Acknowledgements ranean. Also the sea-chests of ships could be taken into consideration as a possible The authors are grateful to Dr A. means of introduction of the species, as Sioulas for his substantial support and thoroughly discussed in SCHEMBRI et al. Haris Hatzialexiou, who provided the (2010) in relation to the finding of the specimens reported in this work. The exotic fish Oplegnathus fasciatus (Tem- authors wish to acknowledge furthermore minck & Schlegel, 1844) in Malta. two anonymous reviewers who offered Concerning aquaculture, only native constructive and valuable suggestions for fish are currently cultured in cages, while a improving the final manuscript. land-based farm operated up to 2008 in the south of Rodos, both activities being car- References ried out under the supervision and control of the Ministry of Agriculture and strictly APEL, M., 2001. Taxonomie und Zoogeo- following the rigid EU and national proce- graphie der Brachyura, Paguridea und dures and legislations. Therefore, acciden- Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) des tal introduction of Gonioinfradens pauci- Persisch-Arabischen Golfes. Ph.D. The- dentatus, a medium sized species without sis, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Univer- commercial value, or of its eggs and/or lar- sität , Frankfurt am Main, 268 pp. vae, through transport by ship for aquacul- APEL, M. & SPIRIDONOV, V.A., 1998. ture purposes seems very improbable. and zoogeography of the Data on local pet-shops and home portunid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: aquaria are not available, but import of Brachyura: Portunidae) of the Arabian exotic organisms is also subjected to rigor- Gulf and the adjacent waters. Fauna of ous international law, and the red swim- Arabia, 17: 159-331.

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